a preliminary checklist of the molluscs of singapore - Raffles ...
a preliminary checklist of the molluscs of singapore - Raffles ...
a preliminary checklist of the molluscs of singapore - Raffles ...
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A PRELIMINARY CHECKLIST OF THE<br />
MOLLUSCS OF SINGAPORE<br />
Siong Kiat Tan and Henrietta P. M. Woo<br />
<strong>Raffles</strong> Museum <strong>of</strong> Biodiversity Research<br />
National University <strong>of</strong> Singapore<br />
Singapore<br />
2010
A PRELIMINARY CHECKLIST OF THE<br />
MOLLUSCS OF SINGAPORE<br />
Siong Kiat Tan<br />
Henrietta P. M. Woo<br />
<strong>Raffles</strong> Museum <strong>of</strong> Biodiversity Research,<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Biological Sciences,<br />
National University <strong>of</strong> Singapore,<br />
Block S6, Science Drive 2, #03-01,<br />
Singapore 117546,<br />
Email: dbstsk@nus.edu.sg (SKT)<br />
<strong>Raffles</strong> Museum <strong>of</strong> Biodiversity Research<br />
National University <strong>of</strong> Singapore<br />
Singapore<br />
2010
A Preliminary Checklist <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Molluscs <strong>of</strong> Singapore by Siong Kiat Tan and Henrietta P. M.<br />
Woo<br />
is published by <strong>the</strong>:<br />
<strong>Raffles</strong> Museum <strong>of</strong> Biodiversity Research and<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Biological Sciences<br />
Faculty <strong>of</strong> Science<br />
National University <strong>of</strong> Singapore<br />
Blk S6, #03-01, Science Drive 2<br />
Singapore 117546<br />
Republic Of Singapore<br />
Website: http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/<br />
Email: ask.rmbr@gmail.com<br />
Editor: Hugh T. W. Tan<br />
Typesetter: Chua Keng Soon<br />
Cover photograph: A subadult Cyclophorus perdix aquila (Sowerby, 1843) in Fern Valley, Bukit Timah<br />
Nature Reserve. (Photograph by: Kelvin Lim).<br />
ISBN 978-981-08-5834-6 (online)<br />
© 2010 <strong>Raffles</strong> Museum <strong>of</strong> Biodiversity Research<br />
All rights reserved. No part <strong>of</strong> this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any<br />
form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or o<strong>the</strong>rwise, without <strong>the</strong> prior permission <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> copyright holder. For information regarding permission(s) please write to: ask.rmbr@gmail.com
CONTENTS<br />
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................................ 1<br />
Methods .............................................................................................................................................................................. 1<br />
Discussion........................................................................................................................................................................... 1<br />
Checklist <strong>of</strong> Singapore Mollusca........................................................................................................................................ 3<br />
Conclusions ...................................................................................................................................................................... 68<br />
Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................................................................... 69<br />
Literature Cited................................................................................................................................................................. 69<br />
Citation <strong>of</strong> this Book......................................................................................................................................................... 72<br />
Index................................................................................................................................................................................. 72<br />
INTRODUCTION<br />
The tropical malac<strong>of</strong>auna <strong>of</strong> Sou<strong>the</strong>ast Asia is well known for its species richness because this region is situated at <strong>the</strong><br />
crossroads <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Indian and Pacific Oceans, and although Singapore occupies only a tiny area in <strong>the</strong> heart <strong>of</strong> Sou<strong>the</strong>ast<br />
Asia, <strong>the</strong> molluscan species diversity is ra<strong>the</strong>r remarkable. There is however, hi<strong>the</strong>rto no functional malac<strong>of</strong>auna list or<br />
reliable estimates on <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> species found in Singapore. Most <strong>of</strong> us would have at some point wondered about<br />
<strong>the</strong> approximate numbers or which species have been recorded. Some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se questions can be effectively answered<br />
with a <strong>checklist</strong>.<br />
The use <strong>of</strong> <strong>checklist</strong>s as an effective means to illustrate <strong>the</strong> molluscan diversity <strong>of</strong> Singapore is not new. Chuang (1973)<br />
listed more than 400 species <strong>of</strong> shelled <strong>molluscs</strong>, and almost 500 are included by Chou et al. (1994b). More than 100<br />
gastropod species and about 100 bivalve species were also mentioned in Way & Purchon (1981), and Morris & Purchon<br />
(1981), respectively. Although impressive during <strong>the</strong>ir time, <strong>the</strong>se <strong>checklist</strong>s are today ra<strong>the</strong>r dated, and/or inadequate.<br />
This is inferred by recent works that have uncovered a disproportionately large number <strong>of</strong> new records, as well as some<br />
obsolete names. Revisionary work regarding <strong>the</strong> <strong>molluscs</strong> <strong>of</strong> Singapore is generally lacking, and we believe that a<br />
revised <strong>checklist</strong> will facilitate research. With <strong>the</strong> fundamental purposes <strong>of</strong> a working list being a source <strong>of</strong> information,<br />
as well as an aid for checking identifications, researchers will appreciate <strong>the</strong> availability <strong>of</strong> a <strong>checklist</strong> as a handy<br />
reference. By providing an overview <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species that have been recorded in Singapore, a <strong>checklist</strong> can even be<br />
regarded as a launch pad to <strong>the</strong> study and understanding <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> local malac<strong>of</strong>auna. These reasons have in part, given<br />
impetus to <strong>the</strong> embarkation <strong>of</strong> this project. It is also hoped that this updated <strong>checklist</strong> will aid in elucidating some<br />
aspects <strong>of</strong> our present knowledge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> molluscan biodiversity in Singapore.<br />
METHODS<br />
This <strong>checklist</strong> is largely compiled from a review <strong>of</strong> available literature, accompanied with information from online<br />
databases and websites (see Literature Cited). Entries follow <strong>the</strong> order <strong>of</strong>: species name (in italics), author(s) and year<br />
described―in bold, followed by reference(s) where <strong>the</strong> entry was obtained. Synonyms and/or misspellings mentioned<br />
were amalgamated into single entries, and expressed in brackets following <strong>the</strong> cited reference where <strong>the</strong> names were<br />
found in. In a source where two or more names (misspellings included) are regarded as referring to <strong>the</strong> same taxon, <strong>the</strong><br />
names identical to <strong>the</strong> ones adopted here are not shown. As an example, only Teredo manii is listed following <strong>the</strong><br />
citation <strong>of</strong> Chou et al. (1994b) even though both Dicyathifer manni and Teredo manii were mentioned. Synonymy<br />
generally follows <strong>the</strong> literature cited or available taxonomic works consulted. Usually, prevalent names and placements<br />
are adopted, and where possible, material was examined to complement verification. Previously unpublished data,<br />
affirmed by examining material in collections or compelling photographic records, were also included―indicated by a<br />
dagger symbol (†). Dubious and unverifiable names gleaned from <strong>the</strong> literature were omitted. The higher classifications<br />
employed in this <strong>checklist</strong> follow a combination <strong>of</strong> Vaught (1989), Bouchet & Rocroi (2005), and Brands (1989–2005),<br />
while <strong>the</strong> genera and species are arranged alphabetically for ease <strong>of</strong> reference.<br />
DISCUSSION<br />
In an attempt to provide a better and more updated examination <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Singapore mollusc species composition, some<br />
nomenclatural changes to existing records in <strong>the</strong> literature were made. A number <strong>of</strong> dubious or seemingly non-existent<br />
taxa mentioned in <strong>the</strong> literature was excluded. For example, we were unable to find information on Venus subnudosa<br />
[mentioned in Chou et al. (1994b)], and this was consequently omitted. Species that are not known from Sou<strong>the</strong>ast Asia<br />
were also excluded. For instance, Limaria tuberculata [mentioned in Chou et al., (1994b)] is known to be a<br />
Mediterranean or temperate sou<strong>the</strong>rn hemisphere species. We would imagine that doubtful species mentioned in <strong>the</strong><br />
literature are misidentifications, but as <strong>the</strong>re is no way to determine <strong>the</strong> circumstances <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se records, all untraceable<br />
1
dubious taxa were treated as species inquirendae (species <strong>of</strong> doubtful identity and that require fur<strong>the</strong>r investigation) and<br />
omitted from this <strong>checklist</strong>. Known distributional records were employed as additional evidence during <strong>the</strong> vetting <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> early versions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>checklist</strong>. Personal communications with local amateur malacologists with immense field<br />
experience also provided valuable information―some <strong>of</strong> which were included as unpublished data. We have<br />
endeavoured to be conscientious during <strong>the</strong> vetting <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> initial list that was compiled, but were <strong>of</strong>ten hampered by our<br />
scant knowledge <strong>of</strong> many groups and <strong>the</strong> lack <strong>of</strong> references. Thus judgement calls were inevitable and <strong>the</strong> inclusion <strong>of</strong><br />
each species, and taxonomic decisions, were unavoidably, and ultimately, based on our own opinions.<br />
Unlike most parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> world where empty shells found on <strong>the</strong> beach are an explicit indication <strong>of</strong> a species’ presence,<br />
shells found on Singapore beaches may not be unequivocal evidence <strong>of</strong> occurrence. Shells <strong>of</strong> many species are<br />
evidently extrinsic, such as those <strong>of</strong> Turbinella pyrum (Linnaeus, 1758), and Busycon sinistrum Hollister, 1958, both <strong>of</strong><br />
which have been found at Changi. These are definitely not from this region and are known to be used in religious rites<br />
by <strong>the</strong> Hindus. Micro-shells <strong>of</strong> many species are <strong>of</strong>ten present in <strong>the</strong> shell grit and amongst debris along <strong>the</strong> tide line <strong>of</strong><br />
beaches, and <strong>the</strong> vast majority <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se have not been found alive too. Hence with few exceptions, benefit <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> doubt<br />
is usually assigned and discoveries <strong>of</strong> empty shells were regarded as sufficient pro<strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong> occurrence if <strong>the</strong> species is<br />
known from Sou<strong>the</strong>ast Asia based on <strong>the</strong> literature. In <strong>the</strong> process <strong>of</strong> collating data for this <strong>checklist</strong>, we realised that<br />
many local species well-known to <strong>the</strong> local shell collectors and malacologists are not found in <strong>the</strong> literature. Hence for<br />
an updated list to be viable, and to provide a more comprehensive examinaton <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> local malac<strong>of</strong>auna, we deemed it<br />
necessary to include unpublished data. An example is <strong>the</strong> shells mixed in <strong>the</strong> sand imported for Singapore’s extensive<br />
reclamation works. Empty shells <strong>of</strong> some species rarely or never found alive in Singapore, are relatively plentiful in<br />
newly-reclaimed areas. However, live animals have since been recorded for some species whose shells are quite<br />
common in reclaimed areas but were initially thought unlikely to occur locally. Some examples are Phalium<br />
decussatum (Linnaeus, 1758), Polinices powisianus (Récluz, 1844), and Xenophora solarioides (Reeve, 1845). The<br />
inclusion <strong>of</strong> some species may also seem debatable. An example is Nautilus pompilius Linnaeus, 1758, which is<br />
included even though <strong>the</strong>re are no known populations in <strong>the</strong> waters <strong>of</strong> Singapore. Empty shells have however, been<br />
sporadically discovered on <strong>the</strong> eastern and sou<strong>the</strong>rn shores <strong>of</strong> Singapore Island, and we felt that <strong>the</strong>se observations were<br />
sufficient evidence to warrant inclusion.<br />
To date <strong>the</strong>re is still no universal consensus on <strong>the</strong> classification <strong>of</strong> <strong>molluscs</strong>, and disagreements remain unresolved over<br />
<strong>the</strong> placements <strong>of</strong> many species and/or families. The advancement <strong>of</strong> molecular techniques in recent years has also<br />
caused some major upheavals to <strong>the</strong> traditional Linnean system <strong>of</strong> classification. While being aware <strong>of</strong> alternative<br />
classification systems advocated by o<strong>the</strong>r authors (e.g., Ponder & Lindberg, 1997), <strong>the</strong> higher classification schemes<br />
employed in this <strong>checklist</strong> largely follow <strong>the</strong> recent work <strong>of</strong> Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) for Gastropoda, and a<br />
combination <strong>of</strong> Vaught (1989), and Brands (1989–2005) for <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r classes. Although far from perfect, we felt that<br />
this combination represents a viable compromise. Generic placements adopted in this <strong>checklist</strong> largely follow popular<br />
usage, and <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> subgenera was not adopted. In this list, one may find instances <strong>of</strong> “species” following a valid<br />
genus (e.g., Parmarion species). These are species that are identifiable only to <strong>the</strong> generic level, but recognised as<br />
distinct from <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r congeners listed. The abbreviation “cf.” (Latin confer, compare) is used where identification <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> species is uncertain. Some trinomial names <strong>of</strong> well-known or widely-accepted subspecies were also included in this<br />
list. However, no names <strong>of</strong> forms or geographical races were knowingly included.<br />
2
CHECKLIST OF SINGAPORE MOLLUSCA<br />
CLASS POLYPLACOPHORA<br />
ORDER NEOLORICATA<br />
FAMILY ISCHNOCHITONIDAE<br />
Callochiton schilfi Schwabe & Ru<strong>the</strong>nsteiner, 2001 {Schwabe & Ru<strong>the</strong>nsteiner, 2001; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural<br />
Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Lepidozona luzonica (Sowerby, 1842) {Kaas & van Belle, 1990}<br />
FAMILY CHITONIDAE<br />
Acanthopleura gemmata (Blainville, 1825) {Tan & Chou, 2000 [Acanthopleura sp.]; Chou & Tan, 2008}<br />
CLASS BIVALVIA<br />
ORDER NUCULOIDA<br />
SUPERFAMILY NUCULOIDEA<br />
FAMILY NUCULIDAE<br />
Nucula layardi A. Adams, 1856 {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
SUPERFAMILY NUCULANOIDEA<br />
FAMILY NUCULANIDAE<br />
Nuculana confusa (Hanley, 1860) {Chuang, 1973 [Saccella confusa]; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
FAMILY YOLDIIDAE<br />
Yoldia serotina Hinds, 1843 {Hanley, 1860 [Lena serotina]}<br />
Yoldia tenella Hinds, 1843 {Hanley, 1860 [Lena tenella]; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
3
ORDER ARCOIDA<br />
SUPERFAMILY ARCOIDEA<br />
FAMILY ARCIDAE<br />
Anadara antiquata (Linnaeus, 1758) {Chuang, 1973; Morris & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b; Tan & Chou,<br />
2000}<br />
Anadara auriculata (Lamarck, 1819) {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b [Arca auriculata]}<br />
Anadara granosa (Linnaeus, 1758) {Lim, 1963; Tweedie, 1967 [Arca granosa]; Chuang, 1973; Morris & Purchon,<br />
1981; Tan & Ng, 1988; Chou et al., 1994b; Tan & Chou, 2000; Ng et al., 2008}<br />
Anadara inaequivalvis (Bruguière, 1789) {Chuang, 1973; Morris & Purchon, 1981 [Scapharca inaequivalvis]; Tan &<br />
Chou, 2000}<br />
Anadara indica (Gmelin, 1791) {Chuang, 1973; Morris & Purchon, 1981 [Scapharca indica]; Chou et al., 1994b [Arca<br />
indica]}<br />
Anadara nodifera (Martens, 1860) {Tan & Chou, 2000; Ng et al., 2008}<br />
Anadara trapezia (Deshayes, 1840) {Chuang, 1973 [Anadara anomala]}<br />
Arca avellana Lamarck, 1819 {Chuang, 1973 [Anadara cuneata; Arca cuneata; Arca maculata]; Morris & Purchon,<br />
1981; Chou et al., 1994b [Barbatia maculata]}<br />
Arca navicularis (Bruguière, 1789) {Chuang, 1973; Morris & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b; Tan & Chou, 2000}<br />
Arca ventricosa Lamarck, 1819 {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Barbatia amygdalumtostum (Röding, 1798) {Chuang, 1973 [Barbatia fusca]; Morris & Purchon, 1981 [Barbatia<br />
fusca]; Chou et al., 1994b [Barbatia fusca]}<br />
Barbatia foliata (Forsskål, 1775) {Chuang, 1973 [Barbatia complanata]; Morris & Purchon, 1981 [Barbatia helblingi];<br />
Chou et al., 1994b [Barbatia bullata]}<br />
Barbatia grayana (Dunker, 1858) {Chuang, 1973 [Barbatia decussata]; Chou et al., 1994b [Barbatia decussata]; Tan<br />
& Chou, 2000 [Barbatia fusca]}<br />
Barbatia lacerata (Bruguière, 1789) {Chuang, 1973 [Striarca lacerata]; Morris & Purchon, 1981}<br />
Barbatia obliquata (Wood, 1828) {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al, 1994b [Barbatia obtusa]}<br />
Barbatia plicata (Dillwyn, 1817) {Chuang, 1973 [Acar plicata]}<br />
Barbatia signata (Dunker, 1868) {Chuang, 1973 [Arca signata]; García & Oliver, 2008}<br />
Barbatia tenella (Reeve, 1844) {Chuang, 1973}<br />
Scapharca gubernaculum (Reeve, 1844) {Chou et al., 1994b [Arca gubernaculum]}<br />
Scapharca rufescens (Reeve, 1844) {Chou et al., 1994b [Arca rufescens]}<br />
Scapharca secticostata (Reeve, 1844) {Chuang, 1973 [Anadara secticosta]}<br />
Trisidos semitorta (Lamarck, 1819) {Chuang, 1973 [Trisidos semitoria]; Morris & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Trisidos tortuosa (Linnaeus, 1758) {Chuang, 1973; Morris & Purchon, 1981}<br />
4
FAMILY CUCULLAEIDAE<br />
Cucullaea labiata (Lightfoot, 1786) {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010 [Cucullaea granulosa]}<br />
FAMILY NOETIIDAE<br />
Arcopsis pectunculiformis (Dunker, 1866) {Chuang, 1973 [Striarca pectunculiformis]; Morris & Purchon, 1981<br />
[Striarca pectunculiformis]; Chou et al., 1994b [Arca pectunculiformis]}<br />
Striarca sculptilis (Reeve, 1844) {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b [Arca sculptilis]}<br />
Striarca symmetrica (Reeve, 1844) {Vongpanich & Matsukuma, 2004}<br />
Striarca tenebrica (Reeve, 1844) {Chuang, 1973}<br />
ORDER MYTILOIDA<br />
SUPERFAMILY MYTILOIDEA<br />
FAMILY MYTILIDAE<br />
Arcuatula arcuatula (Hanley, 1844) {Chuang, 1973 [Modiolus arcuatulus]; Chou et al., 1994b [Modiola arcuatula];<br />
The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Botula cinnamomea (Gmelin, 1791) {Chuang, 1973 [Botula cinnamomina]}<br />
Brachidontes striatulus (Hanley, 1844) {Morton & Tan, 2006}<br />
Lithophaga gracilis (Philippi, 1847) {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Lithophaga lima (Lamy, 1919) {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Lithophaga malaccana (Reeve, 1858) {Chuang, 1973; Morris & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Lithophaga nasuta (Philippi, 1846) {Chuang, 1973; Morris & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Lithophaga obesa (Philippi, 1847) {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Lithophaga teres (Philippi, 1846) {Chuang, 1973; Morris & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b; Tan & Chou, 2000}<br />
Modiolus albicostus Lamarck, 1819 {Chuang, 1973}<br />
Modiolus aratus (Dunker, 1856) {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b [Modiola aratus]}<br />
Modiolus auriculatus (Krauss, 1848) {Chuang, 1973}<br />
Modiolus elongatus (Swainson, 1821) {Morris & Purchon, 1981 [Modiolusia elongatus]}<br />
Modiolus ligneus (Reeve, 1858) {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b [Modiola lignea]}<br />
Modiolus metcalfei (Hanley, 1844) {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b [Modiola metacalfi]; Tan & Chou, 2000}<br />
Modiolus micropterus Deshayes, 1836 {Chou et al., 1994b [Modiolus penelegans]}<br />
Modiolus nitidus Reeve, 1857 {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
5
Modiolus philippinarum (Hanley, 1843) {Chuang, 1973; Morris & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b [Modiola<br />
philippinarum]}<br />
Modiolus proclivis Iredale, 1939 {Chuang, 1973}<br />
Modiolus trailii Reeve, 1857 {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Musculista senhousia (Benson, 1842) {Chuang, 1973 [Modiolus senhausii]; Chou et al., 1994b [Modiolus senhausii];<br />
Ng & Sivasothi, 1999; Tan & Chou, 2000; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Musculus cumingiana (Reeve, 1857) {Chuang, 1973 [Musculus cumingianus]; Morris & Purchon, 1981}<br />
Musculus panhai Moolenbeek, 2009 {Chou et al., 1994b [Modiolaria nana]}<br />
Perna viridis (Linnaeus, 1758) {Tweedie, 1967 [Mytilus viridis]; Chuang, 1973[Mytilus viridis]; Morris & Purchon,<br />
1981; Tan & Ng, 1988; Chou et al., 1994b [Mytilus viridis]; Tan & Chou, 2000; Goh et al., 2002}<br />
Septifer bilocularis (Linnaeus, 1758) {Chuang, 1973; Morris & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Septifer excisus (Wiegmann, 1837) {Chuang, 1973; Tan & Chou, 2000 [Septifer bilocularis]}<br />
Trichomya hirsuta (Lamarck, 1819) {Morris & Purchon, 1981}<br />
Xenostrobus cf. atratus (Lischke, 1871) {Ng & Sivasothi, 1999}<br />
Xenostrobus species {Ng & Sivasothi, 1999; Ng et al., 2008}<br />
SUPERFAMILY LIMOPSOIDEA<br />
FAMILY LIMOPSIDAE<br />
Limopsis multistriatus Forsskål, 1775 {Chuang, 1973 [Pectunculus cancellata]; Chou et al., 1994b [Pectunculus<br />
cancellata]}<br />
ORDER PTERIOIDA<br />
SUPERFAMILY PTERIOIDEA<br />
FAMILY PTERIIDAE<br />
Electroma ovata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) {Chuang, 1973}<br />
Electroma physoides (Lamarck, 1819) †<br />
Pinctada albina sugillata (Reeve, 1857) {Chuang, 1973 [Pinctada sugillata]}<br />
Pinctada fucata (Gould, 1850) {Chuang, 1973 [Pinctada vulgaris]; Chou et al., 1994b [Pinctada vulgaria]}<br />
Pinctada margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Pinctada radiata (Leach, 1814) {Morris & Purchon, 1981}<br />
Pteria castanea (Reeve, 1857), (Reeve, 1858) {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Pteria inquinata (Reeve, 1857) {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
6
Pteria macroptera (Lamarck, 1819) {Chuang, 1973 [Pteria (Magnavicula) macroptera]; Morris & Purchon, 1981}<br />
Pteria penguin (Röding, 1798) †<br />
FAMILY MALLEIDAE<br />
Malleus albus Lamarck, 1819 {Tweedie, 1967; Chuang, 1973; Morris & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Malleus decurtatus Lamarck, 1819 †<br />
Malleus malleus (Linnaeus, 1758) †<br />
Malleus regula (Forsskål, 1775) {Chuang, 1973 [Malleus regulus]; Morris & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Vulsella vulsella (Linnaeus, 1758) {Chuang, 1973 [Vulsella rugosa]; Morris & Purchon, 1981}<br />
FAMILY ISOGNOMONIDAE<br />
Isognomon ephippium (Linnaeus, 1758) {Chuang, 1973; Tan & Ng, 1988 ; Chou et al., 1994b; Ng & Sivasothi, 1999;<br />
Tan & Chou, 2000; Goh et al., 2002; Ng et al., 2008; Project Semakau}<br />
Isognomon isognomon (Linnaeus, 1758) {Lim, 1963; Chuang, 1973 [Isognomon isognomum]; Chou et al., 1994b<br />
[Isognomon isognomum]}<br />
Isognomon legumen (Gmelin, 1791) {Chou et al., 1994b; Tan & Chou, 2000}<br />
Isognomon perna (Linnaeus, 1767) †<br />
SUPERFAMILY PINNOIDEA<br />
FAMILY PINNIDAE<br />
Atrina pectinata (Linnaeus, 1767) {Chuang, 1973 [Atrina hanleyi; Pinna hanleyi; Pinna lurida]; Morris & Purchon,<br />
1981; Chou et al., 1994b [Pinna lurida]}<br />
Atrina vexillum (Born, 1778) {Chuang, 1973; Morris & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994a; Chou et al., 1994b; Tan &<br />
Chou, 2000 [Pinna bicolor]; Chou & Tan, 2008}<br />
Pinna bicolor Gmelin, 1791 {Tweedie, 1967 [Pinna atropurpurea]; Chuang, 1973 [Pinna atropurpurea]; Morris &<br />
Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b [Pinna atropurpurea; Pinna stropurpurea]; Chou & Tan, 2008; Project Semakau}<br />
Pinna incurva Gmelin, 1791 {Chuang, 1973 [Pinna curva]; Morris & Purchon, 1981}<br />
ORDER LIMOIDA<br />
SUPERFAMILY LIMOIDEA<br />
FAMILY LIMIDAE<br />
Lima vulgaris (Link, 1807) {Chuang, 1973 [Lima lima]; Morris & Purchon, 1981 [Lima lima]; Tan & Ng, 1988; Chou<br />
et al., 1994b [Lima lima]; Tan & Chou, 2000 [Lima lima]}<br />
7
Lima sowerbyi (Deshayes, 1863) {Chuang, 1973}<br />
Limaria fragilis (Gmelin, 1791) {Tweedie, 1967 [Lima fragilis]; Chuang, 1973 [Mantellum fragilis]; Morris &<br />
Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b [Lima fragilis]; Ng et al., 2007 [Lima lima]}<br />
Limaria orientalis (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850) {Chuang, 1973 [Mantellum orientalis]}<br />
Limatula bullata (Born, 1780) {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
ORDER OSTREOIDA<br />
SUPERFAMILY OSTREOIDEA<br />
FAMILY OSTREIDAE<br />
Alectryonella plicatula (Gmelin, 1791) {Morris & Purchon, 1981; Lam & Morton, 2009}<br />
Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) {Tan & Chou, 2000; Lam & Morton, 2009}<br />
Dendostrea folium (Linnaeus, 1758) {Chuang, 1973 [Ostrea (Dendostrea) folium]}<br />
Dendostrea sandvichensis (Sowerby in Reeve, 1871) {Chuang, 1973 [Ostrea nomades]}<br />
Lopha cristagalli (Linnaeus, 1758) {Chuang, 1973 [Ostrea (Lopha) cristagalli]}<br />
Planostrea pestigris (Hanley, 1846) {Chuang, 1973 [Ostrea rivularis]}<br />
Pretostrea rosacea (Deshayes, 1836) {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Saccostrea cucullata (Born, 1778) {Chuang, 1973 [Ostrea (Crassostrea) cucullata; Ostrea gravida]; Morris &<br />
Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b [Ostrea cucullata]; Tan & Chou, 2000; Goh et al., 2002; Ng et al., 2007; Ng et al.,<br />
2008; Lam & Morton, 2009; Ng, 2009; Project Semakau}<br />
Saccostrea mordax (Gould, 1850) {Chuang, 1973 [Ostrea (Crassostrea) mordax; Ostrea (Crassostrea) amasa]; Lam<br />
& Morton, 2004; Lam & Morton, 2009}<br />
Striostrea mytiloides (Lamarck, 1819) {Chuang, 1973 [Ostrea (Saxostrea) gradiva]}<br />
FAMILY GRYPHAEIDAE<br />
Hyotissa hyotis (Linnaeus, 1758) {Chuang, 1973 [Ostrea (Dendostrea) hyotis]}<br />
Parahyotissa imbricata (Lamarck, 1819) {Chuang, 1973 [Ostrea quirites]}<br />
Plicatula australis Lamarck, 1819 †<br />
Plicatula chinensis Mörch, 1853 †<br />
Plicatula simplex Gould, 1861 †<br />
SUPERFAMILY PLICATULOIDEA<br />
FAMILY PLICATULIDAE<br />
8
SUPERFAMILY ANOMIOIDEA<br />
FAMILY ANOMIIDAE<br />
Anomia chinensis Philippi, 1849 {Morris & Purchon, 1981 [Anomia cytaeum]}<br />
Anomia sol Reeve, 1859 {Chuang, 1973}<br />
Anomia solidula Reeve, 1859 {Chuang, 1973}<br />
Enigmonia aenigmatica (Holten, 1803) {Lim, 1963 [Aenigma rosea]; Chuang, 1973 [Anomia aenigmatica]; Morris &<br />
Purchon, 1981; Tan & Ng, 1988 [Enignomia rosea]; Chou et al., 1994b [Aenigma rosea]; Sigurdsson & Sundari, 1990;<br />
Ng & Sivasothi, 1999; Tan & Chou, 2000; Ng et al, 2007; Ng et al, 2008; Project Semakau}<br />
Pododesmus caelata (Reeve, 1859) {Chuang, 1973 [Anomia caelata]}<br />
FAMILY PLACUNIDAE<br />
Placuna ephippium (Philippson in Retzius, 1788) {Chuang, 1973 [Placuna sella]; Morris & Purchon, 1981 [Placuna<br />
sella]; Chou et al., 1994b [Placuna sella]; Tan & Chou, 2000 [Placuna sella]}<br />
Placuna placenta (Linnaeus, 1758) {Chuang, 1973; Morris & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
SUPERFAMILY PECTINOIDEA<br />
FAMILY PECTINIDAE<br />
Chlamys madreporarum (Petit in Sowerby, 1842) {Chuang, 1973; Morris & Purchon, 1981 [Chlamys madreporara];<br />
Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Laevichlamys squamosa (Gmelin, 1791) {Chuang, 1973 [Chlamys squamosus]; Chou et al., 1994b [Chlamys<br />
squamosus]}<br />
Comptopallium radula (Linnaeus, 1758) {Tweedie, 1967 [Chlamys radula]; Chuang, 1973 [Chlamys radula]; Chou et<br />
al., 1994b [Chlamys radula]; Tan & Chou, 2000 [Chlamys singaporinus]; Ng et al, 2007 [Chlamys sp.]; Ng, 2009<br />
[Chlamys sp.]; Project Semakau}<br />
Decatopecten velutinus (Sowerby, 1842) †<br />
Minnivola pyxidata (Born, 1778) †<br />
Pedum spondyloideum (Gmelin, 1791) {Chuang, 1973; Morris & Purchon, 1981 [Pedum spondyioidum]}<br />
Volachlamys singaporina (Sowerby, 1842) {Chuang, 1973 [Chlamys transquebaricus]; Morris & Purchon, 1981<br />
[Chlamys tranquebaria]; Chou et al., 1994b [Chlamys tranquebaricus]; Tan & Chou, 2000 [Chlamys radula]}<br />
FAMILY PROPEAMUSSIIDAE<br />
Amusium pleuronectes (Linnaeus, 1758) {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b; Tan & Chou, 2000}<br />
FAMILY SPONDYLIDAE<br />
Spondylus croceus Schreibers, 1793 {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
9
Spondylus echinatus Schreibers, 1793 {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Spondylus longitudinalis Lamarck, 1819 †<br />
Spondylus nicobaricus Schreibers, 1793 {Chuang, 1973; Morris & Purchon, 1981 [Spondylus hystrix]}<br />
Spondylus regius Linnaeus, 1758 {Chuang, 1973}<br />
Spondylus versicolor Schreibers, 1793 †<br />
ORDER UNIONOIDA<br />
SUPERFAMILY UNIONOIDEA<br />
FAMILY UNIONIDAE<br />
Anodonta woodiana (Lea, 1834) {Yang, 1990 [Pseudodon vondembuschianus]; Ng, 1991 [Pseudodon<br />
vondembuschianus]; Chan, 1996c; Maasen, 2001; Clements et al., 2006}<br />
Ensidens ingallsianus ingallsianus (Lea, 1852) {Chan, 2008}<br />
Pilsbryconcha exilis (Lea, 1839) {Clements et al., 2006}<br />
ORDER LUCINOIDA<br />
SUPERFAMILY LUCINOIDEA<br />
FAMILY LUCINIDAE<br />
Anodontia edentula (Linnaeus, 1758) {Ng & Sivasothi, 1999}<br />
Anodontia philippiana (Reeve, 1850) †<br />
Austriella corrugata (Deshayes, 1843) {Tan & Chou, 2000 [Austriella sp.]; Ng et al., 2007; Glover et al, 2008; Ng et<br />
al., 2008; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010 [Anodontia (Anodontia) philippinarum]}}<br />
Cardiolucina eucosmia (Dall, 1901) {Chuang, 1973 [Lucina pisum]; Chou et al., 1994b [Lucina pisum]}<br />
Codakia interrupta (Lamarck, 1816) {Chuang, 1973 [Kodakia interrupta]}<br />
Indoaustriella dalli (Lynge, 1909) {Glover et al., 2008}<br />
FAMILY UNGULINIDAE<br />
Cycladicama cumingii (Hanley, 1844) {Chuang, 1973 [Diplodonta cumingii]; Chou et al., 1994b [Diplodonta<br />
cumingii]}<br />
Diplodonta species {Tan & Chou, 2000; Ng et al., 2008}<br />
10
SUPERFAMILY GALEOMMATOIDEA<br />
FAMILY GALEOMMATIDAE<br />
Galeomma layardi Deshayes, 1856 {Lützen & Nielsen, 2005}<br />
Galeomma formosa (Deshayes, 1855) {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b [Galeomma formosum]}<br />
Galeomma paucistriata Deshayes, 1856 {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Montacuta species {Chuang, 1973}<br />
Scintilla cumingii Deshayes, 1856 {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Scintilla philippinensis Deshayes, 1856 †<br />
Scintilla rosea Deshayes, 1856 {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Scintilla timoriensis (Deshayes, 1855) {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
ORDER VENEROIDA<br />
SUPERFAMILY CARDITOIDEA<br />
FAMILY CARDITIDAE<br />
Beguina semiorbiculata (Linnaeus, 1758) {Chuang, 1973; Morris & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b [Mytilicardia<br />
semiorbiculata]; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Cardita variegata (Bruguière, 1792) {Chuang, 1973; Morris & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b; Tan & Chou, 2000;<br />
The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Carditella pulchella Lynge, 1909 {Chuang, 1973 [Carditellona pulchella]; Chou et al., 1994b; The Academy <strong>of</strong><br />
Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
SUPERFAMILY CHAMOIDEA<br />
FAMILY CHAMIDAE<br />
Chama brassica Reeve, 1847 {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Chama fibula Reeve, 1846 †<br />
Chama jukesi Reeve, 1847 {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b [Chama jukesii]}<br />
Chama lazarus Linnaeus, 1758 {Chuang, 1973; Morris & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Chama limbula Lamarck, 1819 {Chuang, 1973 [Chama iostoma]}<br />
Chama multisquamosa Reeve, 1846 {Chuang, 1973}<br />
Chama reflexa Reeve, 1846 {Chuang, 1973}<br />
11
SUPERFAMILY CRASSATELLOIDEA<br />
FAMILY CRASSATELLIDAE<br />
Crassatellites radiata (Sowerby, 1825) {Tweedie, 1967 [Crassatella radiata]; Chuang, 1973 [Crassatellites radiatus];<br />
Morris & Purchon, 1981 [Crassatella radiata]; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
SUPERFAMILY CARDIOIDEA<br />
FAMILY CARDIIDAE<br />
Acrosterigma angulatum (Lamarck, 1819) {Chuang, 1973 [Trachycardium alternatum]}<br />
Acrosterigma discus Vidal, 1999 {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Acrosterigma elongata (Bruguière, 1789) †<br />
Acrosterigma flava flava (Linnaeus, 1758) {Tweedie, 1967 [Laevicardium flavum]; Chuang, 1973 [Trachycardium<br />
flavum]; Morris & Purchon, 1981 [Trachycardium flavum]; Chou et al., 1994b [Cardium flavium; Trachycardium<br />
flavum]; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010 [Vasticardium flavum]}<br />
Acrosterigma flava subrugosum (Sowerby, 1840) {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Acrosterigma impolitum (Sowerby, 1833) {Chuang, 1973 [Trachycardium impolitam]; Chou et al., 1994b [Cardium<br />
impolitum; Trachycardium impolitum]; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Acrosterigma luteomarginata (Voskuil & Onverwagt, 1991) {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010<br />
[Vasticardium luteomarginatum]}<br />
Acrosterigma maculosum (Wood, 1815) {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Acrosterigma transcendens (Melvill & Standen, 1899) {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Acrosterigma vertebrata (Jonas, 1844) { The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010 [Vasticardium vertebratum]}<br />
Corculum cardissa (Linnaeus, 1758) {Chuang, 1973; Morris & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b; Ng et al., 2007<br />
[Corculum sp.]; Wang & Jaafar, 2007a; Ng, 2009; Project Semakau}<br />
Fragum hemicardium (Linnaeus, 1758) {Chuang, 1973 [Lunulicardia subretusa]; Morris & Purchon, 1981}<br />
Fragum retusum (Linnaeus, 1767) {Chuang, 1973 [Corculum retusum; Lunulicardia retusa]; Chou et al., 1994b<br />
[Hemicardia retusum; Lanulicardia retusa]}<br />
Fragum unedo (Linnaeus, 1758) {Chuang, 1973 [Cardium unedo]; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Fulvia aperta (Bruguière, 1789) {Chuang, 1973 [Fulvia asperata; Papyridea rugatum]; Chou et al., 1994b [Fulvia<br />
asperata]}<br />
Fulvia australe (Sowerby, 1834) †<br />
Fulvia papyracea (Bruguière, 1789) {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b [Papyridea papyraceum]; The Academy <strong>of</strong><br />
Natural Sciences, 1998–2010 [Fulvia (Fulvia) papyracea]}<br />
Laevicardium biradiatum (Bruguière, 1789) {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010 [Acrosterigma<br />
biradiatum]}<br />
Maoricardium setosum (Redfield, 1846) {Chuang, 1973 [Cardium latum]}<br />
Vepricardium asiaticum (Bruguière, 1792) {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b [Cardium asiaticum]}<br />
12
Vepricardium coronatum (Schröter, 1786) {Chou et al., 1994b [Cardium coronatum]}<br />
Vepricardium multispinosum (Sowerby, 1838) {Chou et al., 1994b [Acanthocardia multispinosum]}<br />
Vepricardium sinense (Sowerby, 1838) {Chuang, 1973 [Cardium sinense]; Chou et al., 1994b [Cardium sinense]}<br />
SUPERFAMILY TRIDACNOIDEA<br />
FAMILY TRIDACNIDAE<br />
Hippopus hippopus (Linnaeus, 1758) {Rosewater, 1965; Chuang, 1973; Morris & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b;<br />
Tan & Chou, 2000}<br />
Tridacna crocea Lamarck, 1819 {Chuang, 1973; Morris & Purchon, 1981; Tan & Ng, 1988; Chou et al., 1994b; Lim<br />
et al., 1994; Tan & Chou, 2000; Ng et al., 2007}<br />
Tridacna maxima (Röding, 1798) {Rosewater, 1965; Tan & Chou, 2000}<br />
Tridacna squamosa Lamarck, 1819 {Rosewater, 1965; Chuang, 1973; Morris & Purchon, 1981; Tan & Ng, 1988 ;<br />
Chou et al., 1994a; Chou et al., 1994b; Lim et al., 1994; Tan & Chou, 2000; Lee, 2003 [Tridacna crocea]; Ng et al.,<br />
2007; Wang & Jaafar, 2007a; Chou & Tan, 2008; Ng, 2009; Project Semakau}<br />
SUPERFAMILY MACTROIDEA<br />
FAMILY MACTRIDAE<br />
Heterocardia gibbosula Stoliczka, 1871 {Morris & Purchon, 1981; Wong, 2009; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences,<br />
1998–2010}<br />
Lutraria australis Reeve, 1854 {Morris & Purchon, 1981 [Lutraria rhynchaena]; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences,<br />
1998–2010 [Lutraria rhynchaena]}<br />
Lutraria cf. maxima Jonas, 1844 {Wong, 2009}<br />
Mactra achatina Holten, 1802 {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b; Wong, 2009}<br />
Mactra cuneata Gmelin, 1791 {Wong, 2009}<br />
Mactra dissimilis Reeve, 1854 {Wong, 2009}<br />
Mactra hepatica Deshayes, 1854 {Chuang, 1973}<br />
Mactra inaequalis Reeve, 1854 {Wong, 2009}<br />
Mactra mera Reeve, 1854 {Chuang, 1973; Morris & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b; Tan & Chou, 2000; Wong,<br />
2009; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Mactra violacea Chemnitz, 1782 {Wong, 2009}<br />
Mactrinula dolabrata (Reeve, 1852) {Wong, 2009}<br />
Meropesta nicobarica (Gmelin, 1791) {Chuang, 1973 [Standella nicobarica]; Morris & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al.,<br />
1994b [Standella nicobarica]; Wong, 2009; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Meropesta pellucida (Gmelin, 1791) {Chuang, 1973 [Standella pellucida]; Chou et al., 1994b [Standella pellucida];<br />
Wong, 2009}<br />
13
Micromactra angulifera (Deshayes, 1854) {Wong, 2009}<br />
Raeta pellicula (Reeve, 1854) {Wong, 2009}<br />
Raeta pulchella (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850) {Chuang, 1973 [Standella plicatilis]; Chou et al., 1994b [Standella<br />
plicatilis]; Wong, 2009}<br />
Spisula transversa (Reeve, 1854) {Chuang, 1973 [Mactra transversa]; Chou et al., 1994b [Mactra transversa]; Wong,<br />
2009}<br />
FAMILY MESODESMATIDAE<br />
Coecella horsfieldii (Gray, 1853) {Morris & Purchon, 1981 [Caecella horsfieldi]; Tan & Ng, 1988 [Coecella<br />
horsfieldi]; Tan & Chou, 2000 [Caecella horsfieldi]}<br />
Davila plana (Hanley, 1843) {Morris & Purchon, 1981; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Paphies striata (Gmelin, 1791) {Chuang, 1973 [Atactodea glabrata; Atactodea striata]; Morris & Purchon, 1981<br />
[Atactodea glabrata]; Tan & Chou, 2000 [Atactodea glabrata]; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010 [Paphies<br />
(Atactodea) glabrata]}<br />
SUPERFAMILY SOLENOIDEA<br />
FAMILY SOLENIDAE<br />
Solen brevissimus Martens, 1865 {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Solen delesserti Sowerby, 1874 {Lim, 1963; Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Solen linearis Spengler, 1794 †<br />
Solen pseudolinearis Cosel, 2002 †<br />
Solen vagina Linnaeus, 1758 {Morris & Purchon, 1981 [Solen brevis]}<br />
Cultellus attenuatus Dunker, 1862 †<br />
Ensiculus cultellus (Linnaeus, 1758) †<br />
FAMILY PHARIDAE<br />
Orbicularia orbiculata (Wood, 1828) {Lim, 1963 [Elizia orbiculata]; Chou et al., 1994b [Elizia orbiculata]; Tan &<br />
Chou, 2000}<br />
Pharella acuminata (Hanley, 1842) {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Pharella javanica (Lamarck, 1818) {Morris & Purchon, 1981; Tan & Chou, 2000; Ng et al., 2007; Ng et al., 2008}<br />
Phaxas scalpra (Gould, 1851) {Chuang, 1973 [Cultellus subellipticus]}<br />
Siliqua fasciata (Spengler, 1794) †<br />
14
SUPERFAMILY TELLINOIDEA<br />
FAMILY TELLINIDAE<br />
Acropagia pinguis (Hanley, 1844) {Chuang, 1973 [Tellina pinguis]; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Jactellina hungerfordi (Sowerby, 1894) {Chuang, 1973 [Tellina hungerfordi]; Chou et al., 1994b [Tellina<br />
hungerfordi]}<br />
Macalia bruguieri (Hanley, 1844) {Chuang, 1973 [Macalina bruguierei]; Morris & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b<br />
[Macoma bruguierei]}<br />
Macoma fallax Bertin, 1878 {Chuang, 1973 [Tellina fallax]; Chou et al., 1994b [Tellina fallax]}<br />
Pharaonella aurea (Perry, 1811) {Chuang, 1973}<br />
Pharaonella rostrata (Linnaeus, 1758) {Chuang, 1973 [Tellina rostrata]; Chou et al., 1994b [Tellina rostrata]}<br />
Scutarcopagia linguafelis (Linnaeus, 1758) {Chuang, 1973 [Tellina linguafelis]}<br />
Scutarcopagia scobinata (Linnaeus, 1758) {Morris & Purchon, 1981}<br />
Tellina capsoides Lamarck, 1818 {Chuang, 1973 [Tellina pristis]}<br />
Tellina emarginata (Sowerby, 1825) {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Tellina remies Linnaeus, 1758 {Morris & Purchon, 1981 [Cyclotellina remies]; Tan & Chou, 2000}<br />
Tellina rhodon Hanley, 1844 {Chuang, 1973 [Tellina rodon]; Chou et al., 1994b [Tellina rodon]}<br />
Tellina robusta Hanley, 1844 {Chuang, 1973}<br />
Tellina scalpellum Hanley, 1844 {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Tellina spengleri Gmelin, 1791 {Chuang, 1973; Morris & Purchon, 1981 [Tellinella spengleri]}<br />
Tellina staurella Lamarck, 1818 {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Tellina virgata Linnaeus, 1758 {Tweedie, 1967; Chuang, 1973; Morris & Purchon, 1981 [Tellinella virgata]}<br />
Tellinella pulcherrima (Sowerby, 1835) †<br />
FAMILY SEMELIDAE<br />
Semele carnicolor (Hanley, 1847) {Chuang, 1973; Morris & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Semele exarata (A. Adams & Reeve, 1848) {Chou et al., 1994b [Macha exarata]}<br />
Semele sinensis A. Adams, 1853 {Wong, 2008d)<br />
FAMILY PSAMMOBIIDAE<br />
Asaphis violascens (Forsskål, 1775) {Chuang, 1973 [Asaphis deflorata]; Morris & Purchon, 1981 [Asaphis deflorata];<br />
Chou et al., 1994b [Asaphis deflorata]; Tan & Chou, 2000}<br />
Gari ambigua (Reeve, 1850) {Chuang, 1973 [Psammotaea malaccensis]; Chou et al., 1994b [Psammotella<br />
malaccensis]}<br />
15
Gari elongatus (Lamarck, 1818) {Willan, 1993; Ng & Sivasothi, 1999 [Gari elongata]}<br />
Gari maculosa (Lamarck, 1818) {Willan, 1993}<br />
Gari pallida (Deshayes, 1855) {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Gari togata (Deshayes, 1855) {Lim, 1963; Chuang, 1973; Willan, 1993; Chou et al., 1994b; Ng et al., 2008}<br />
Azorinus coarctatus (Gmelin, 1791) †<br />
Solecurtus species †<br />
FAMILY SOLECURTIDAE<br />
FAMILY DONACIDAE<br />
Donax cuneatus Linnaeus, 1758 {Tan & Chou, 2000 [Donax sp.]}<br />
Donax faba Gmelin, 1791 {Chuang, 1973; Morris & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b; Tan & Chou, 2000 [Donax<br />
sp.]}<br />
SUPERFAMILY DREISSENOIDEA<br />
FAMILY DREISSENIDAE<br />
Mytilopsis adamsi Morrison, 1946 {Tan & Ng, 1988 [Mytilopsis]; Chan, 1997a; Ng & Sivasothi, 1999 [Mytilopsis<br />
sallei]; Tan & Chou, 2000 [Mytilopsis sallei]; Maasen, 2001; Goh et al., 2002 [Mytilopsis sallei]; Tan & Morton, 2006<br />
[Mytilopsis sallei]}<br />
SUPERFAMILY ARCTICOIDEA<br />
FAMILY TRAPEZIDAE<br />
Coralliophaga coralliophaga (Gmelin, 1791) {Chuang, 1973; Morris & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Trapezium sublaevigatum (Lamarck, 1819) {Chuang, 1973 [Trapezium vellicatum]; Morris & Purchon, 1981<br />
[Neotrapezium sublaevigatum]; Chou et al., 1994b [Trapezium vellicatum]; Tan & Chou, 2000}<br />
Corbicula cf. fluminea (Müller, 1774) †<br />
Corbicula species {Chan, 1996d}<br />
SUPERFAMILY CORBICULOIDEA<br />
FAMILY CORBICULIDAE<br />
Geloina erosa (Solander, 1786) {Lim, 1963 [Geloina ceylonica]; Chuang, 1973 [Geloina ceylonica]; Morris &<br />
Purchon, 1981 [Geloina coaxans]; Morton, 1984 [Polymesoda erosa]; Chou et al., 1994b [Geloina ceylonica;<br />
Polymesoda zeylanica]; Tan & Chou, 2000; Ng et al., 2008}<br />
16
Geloina expansa (Mousson, 1849) {Morton, 1984 [Polymesoda expansa]; Ng & Sivasothi, 1999 [Polymesoda<br />
expansa]; Tan & Chou, 2000}<br />
FAMILY SPHAERIIDAE<br />
Pisidium javanum van Ben<strong>the</strong>m Jutting, 1931 {Chan, 1996d; Maasen, 2001; Clements et al., 2006}<br />
SUPERFAMILY VENEROIDEA<br />
FAMILY VENERIDAE<br />
Anomalocardia squamosa (Linnaeus, 1758) {Tweedie, 1967; Chuang, 1973; Morris & Purchon, 1981 [Anomalodiscus<br />
squamosus]; Chou et al., 1994b [Anomalcardia squamosa]; Tan & Chou, 2000; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences,<br />
1998–2010 [Anomalocardia (Anomalocardia) squamosa]}<br />
Anomalocardia malonei (Vanatta, 1901) {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Antigona lamellaris Schumacher, 1817 {Morris & Purchon, 1981}<br />
Bassina foliacea (Philippi, 1846) {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Callista chinensis (Holten, 1803) {Chuang, 1973}<br />
Circe scripta (Linnaeus, 1758) {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b; Tan & Chou, 2000; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural<br />
Sciences, 1998–2010; Project Semakau}<br />
Circe tumefacta Sowerby, 1851 {Chuang, 1973 [Circe scripta tumefacta]; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Clementia papyracea (Gray, 1825) {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010 [Clementia (Clementia)<br />
papyracea]}<br />
Dosinia cretacea (Reeve, 1850) {Morris & Purchon, 1981}<br />
Dosinia exasperata (Philippi, 1847) {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Dosinia juvenilis (Gmelin, 1791) {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Dosinia laminata (Reeve, 1850) {Chuang, 1973}<br />
Dosinia trigona (Reeve, 1851) {Chuang, 1973; Morris & Purchon, 1981 [Pelecyora trigona]}<br />
Gafrarium dispar (Dillwyn, 1817) {Chuang, 1973; Morris & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Gafrarium divaricatum (Röding, 1798) {Chuang, 1973; Morris & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b; Tan & Chou,<br />
2000}<br />
Gafrarium pectinatum (Linnaeus, 1758) {Chuang, 1973; Morris & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b; Tan & Chou,<br />
2000}<br />
Gafrarium tumidum (Röding, 1798) {Tweedie, 1967; Chuang, 1973; Morris & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b; Tan<br />
& Chou, 2000}<br />
Irus irus (Linnaeus, 1758) †<br />
Marcia hiantina (Lamarck, 1818) {Chuang, 1973 [Katelysia hiantina]; Morris & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b<br />
[Hemitapes hiantinus]; Tan & Chou, 2000; Ng et al., 2008; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010 [Marcia<br />
(Hemitapes) hiantinus]}<br />
17
Marcia flammea (Gmelin, 1791) {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Marcia japonica (Gmelin, 1791) {Chuang, 1973 [Katelysia striata]; Morris & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b<br />
[Hemitapes japonica]; Tan & Chou, 2000; Ng et al., 2008; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010 [Marcia<br />
(Hemitapes) japonica]}<br />
Marcia marmorata (Lamarck, 1818) {Chuang, 1973 [Hemitapes marmorata]; Chou et al., 1994b [Hemitapes<br />
marmorartus]; Ng & Sivasothi, 1999; Tan & Chou, 2000; Ng et al., 2008}<br />
Meretrix lusoria (Röding, 1798) {Chuang, 1973; Morris & Purchon, 1981}<br />
Meretrix meretrix (Linnaeus, 1758) {Lim, 1963; Tweedie, 1967; Chuang, 1973; Morris & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al.,<br />
1994b; Tan & Chou, 2000; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Paphia alapapilionis Röding, 1798 {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b [Paphia ala-papilionis]}<br />
Paphia gallus (Gmelin, 1791) {Tweedie, 1967; Chuang, 1973 [Paphia malabarica]; Morris & Purchon, 1981<br />
[Protapes gallus]; Chou et al., 1994b; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Paphia rotundata (Linnaeus, 1758) {Morris & Purchon, 1981}<br />
Paphia sinuosa (Lamarck, 1818) {Chuang, 1973 [Tapes sinuosus]; Chou et al., 1994b [Paphia sinuosus]}<br />
Paphia textile (Gmelin, 1791) {Tan & Chou, 2000}<br />
Paphia undulata (Born, 1778) {Chuang, 1973 [Tapes undulata]; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Periglypta ata (Deshayes, 1854) {Chuang, 1973}<br />
Periglypta crispata (Deshayes, 1854) †<br />
Periglypta puerpera (Linnaeus, 1771) {Chuang, 1973 [Periglypta lacerata; Venus lacerata]; Morris & Purchon, 1981;<br />
Chou et al., 1994b [Venue lacerata]; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Pitar affinis (Gmelin, 1791) {Morris & Purchon, 1981}<br />
Pitar citrinus (Lamarck, 1818) {Chuang, 1973 [Pitar citrina]}<br />
Pitar belcheri Römer, 1857 {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Pitar deshayesi (Pfeiffer, 1869) {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Pitar marrowae Healy & Lamprell, 1992 {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010 [Pitar (Pitarina)<br />
marrowae]}<br />
Pitar striata (Gray, 1838) {Chuang, 1973}<br />
Placamen calophyllum (Philippi, 1836) {Chuang, 1973 [Bassina calophylla; Chione calophylla; Circumphalus<br />
calophylla]; Morris & Purchon, 1981 [Callanaitis calophylla]; Chou et al., 1994b [Circomphalus calophylla]; Tan &<br />
Chou, 2000 [Placamen callophylla]; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Placamen chlorotica (Philippi, 1849) {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Placamen isabellina Philippi, 1849 {Chuang, 1973 [Circomphalus (Placamen) isabellina; Placamen isabellinum];<br />
Chou et al., 1994b [Circomphalus isabellina]}<br />
Ruditapes philippinarum (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850) {Chuang, 1973 [Paphia philippinarum]; Morris & Purchon,<br />
1981 [Tapes philippinarum]; Chou et al., 1994b [Paphia philippinarum]}<br />
Ruditapes variegatus (Sowerby, 1852) {Chuang, 1973 [Tapes variegata}<br />
Tapes belcheri Sowerby, 1852 {Chuang, 1973 [Tapes phenax]; Chou et al., 1994b [Paphia phenax]; The Academy <strong>of</strong><br />
Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
18
Tapes literatus (Linnaeus, 1758) {Chuang, 1973 [Tapes literata]; Morris & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b [Paphia<br />
litterata]}<br />
Timoclea arakana (Nevill, 1871) {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Timoclea chuangi Fischer-Piette & Vukadinovic, 1977 {Chuang, 1973 [Chione layardi]; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural<br />
Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Timoclea decorata (Broderip & Sowerby, 1830) {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Timoclea lionota (Smith, 1885) {Chou et al., 1994b [Venus lionata]; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010<br />
[Timoclea (Timoclea) lionota}<br />
Venerupis chinensis Deshayes, 1854 {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Venus toreuma (Gould, 1850) {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
FAMILY GLAUCONOMIDAE<br />
Glauconome corrugata Reeve, 1844 {Chuang, 1973 [Glauconome chinensis]}<br />
Glauconome rugosa Reeve, 1844 {Lim, 1963; Chuang, 1974; Tan & Ng, 1988; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Glauconome virens (Linnaeus, 1767) {Morris & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b; Tan & Chou, 2000}<br />
Petricola lapicida (Gmelin, 1791) {Chuang, 1973}<br />
FAMILY PETRICOLIDAE<br />
ORDER MYOIDA<br />
SUPERFAMILY MYOIDEA<br />
FAMILY CORBULIDAE<br />
Corbula crassa Hinds, 1843 {Chuang, 1973; Morris & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b [Aloidis crassa]}<br />
Corbula monilis Hinds, 1843 {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b [Aloidis monilis]}<br />
Corbula rugifera A. Adams in Smith, , 1903 {Chou et al., 1994b [Aloidis rugifera]}<br />
Corbula scaphoides Hinds, 1843 {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Corbula solidula Hinds, 1843 {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994 [Aloidis solidula]}<br />
Corbula tunicata Hinds, 1843 {Chou et al., 1994b [Aloidis tunicata]}<br />
Corbula ustulata Reeve, 1844 {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
19
SUPERFAMILY GASTROCHAENOIDEA<br />
FAMILY GASTROCHAENIDAE<br />
Cucurbitula cymbium (Spengler, 1783) {Tan & Chou, 2000}<br />
Gastrochaena cuneiformis Spengler, 1783 {Chuang, 1973 [Gastrochaena (Rocellaria) cuneiformis]; Morris &<br />
Purchon, 1981}<br />
Gastrochaena indistincta Deshayes, 1854 {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Barnea dilatata (Souleyet, 1843) †<br />
Jouannetia cumingii (Sowerby, 1849) {Chuang, 1973}<br />
SUPERFAMILY PHOLADOIDEA<br />
FAMILY PHOLADIDAE<br />
Jouannetia globulosa (Quoy & Gaimard, 1835) {Chuang, 1973}<br />
Martesia striata (Linnaeus, 1758) {Tweedie, 1967; Chuang, 1973; Morris & Purchon, 1981; Tan & Ng, 1988 ; Chou et<br />
al., 1994b; Tan & Chou, 2000; Ng et al., 2008}<br />
Pholas australasiae Sowerby, 1849 †<br />
Pholas orientalis Gmelin, 1791 {Chuang, 1973; Morris & Purchon, 1981; Tan & Chou, 2000}<br />
FAMILY TEREDINIDAE<br />
Bactronophorus thoracites (Gould, 1856) {Chuang, 1973 [Teredo thoracites]; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Bankia campanellata Moll & Roch, 1931 {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Bankia carinata (Gray, 1827) {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Bankia destructa Clench & Turner, 1946 {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Bankia gracilis (Moll, 1935) {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b; Tan & Chou, 2000}<br />
Bankia nordi Moll, 1935 {Chuang, 1973; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Bankia rochi Moll & Roch, 1931 {Chuang, 1973}<br />
Dicyathifer manni (Wright, 1866) {Lim, 1963 [Teredo manii]; Chuang, 1973 [Teredo manni]; Morris & Purchon,<br />
1981 [Teredo manni]; Chou et al., 1994b [Teredo manii]}<br />
Lyrodus massa (Lamy, 1923) {Chuang, 1973 [Teredo massa]; Chou et al., 1994b; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences,<br />
1998–2010}<br />
Lyrodus pedicellatus (Quatrefages, 1849) {Chuang, 1973 [Teredo pedicellatus]; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Nototeredo edax (Hedley, 1895) {Chuang, 1973 [Teredo edax]}<br />
Spathoteredo obtusa (Sivickis, 1828) {Chuang, 1973 [Teredo obtusa]; Morris & Purchon, 1981 [Psiloteredo<br />
amboinensis]}<br />
20
Teredo clappi Bartsch, 1923 {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Teredo fulleri Clapp, 1924 {Chuang, 1973}<br />
Teredo furcifera von Martens, {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Teredo johnsoni Clapp, 1924 {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
ORDER PHOLADOMYOIDA<br />
SUPERFAMILY PANDOROIDEA<br />
FAMILY LATERNULIDAE<br />
Laternula anatina (Linnaeus, 1758) {Chuang, 1973 [Laternula subrostrata]}<br />
Laternula laterna (Lamarck, 1818) {Morris & Purchon, 1981}<br />
Laternula marilina (Reeve, 1860) {Chuang, 1973 [Laternula limicola]}<br />
Laternula spengleri (Gmelin, 1791) {Lim, 1963 [Laternula truncata]; Chuang, 1973 [Laternula truncata]; Morris &<br />
Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b [Laternula truncata]; Ng & Sivasothi, 1999 [Laternula truncata]; Ng et al., 2008<br />
[Laternula truncata]; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010 [Exolaternula spengleri]}<br />
FAMILY PANDORIDAE<br />
Pandora flexuosa Sowerby, 1822 {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
FAMILY MYOCHAMIDAE<br />
Myadora plana Reeve, 1844 {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b [Myodora plana]}<br />
SUPERFAMILY CLAVAGELLOIDEA<br />
FAMILY CLAVAGELLIDAE<br />
Brechites penis (Linnaeus, 1758) {Purchon, 1956; Chuang, 1973; Morris & Purchon, 1981 [Penicillus penis]; Tan &<br />
Ng, 1988; Chou et al., 1994a; Chou et al., 1994b [Verpa annulosa]; Tan & Chou, 2000; Chou & Tan, 2008}<br />
FAMILY CUSPIDARIIDAE<br />
Cardiomya <strong>singapore</strong>nsis (Hinds, 1843) {Chuang, 1973 [Cuspidaria <strong>singapore</strong>nsis]; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural<br />
Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Cuspidaria approximata Smith, 1896 {Chuang, 1973}<br />
21
CLASS SCAPHOPODA<br />
ORDER DENTALIIDA<br />
FAMILY DENTALIIDAE<br />
Antalis pilsbryi (Rehder, 1942) {Chou et al., 1994b [Dentalium pseudoshexagonum]}<br />
Dentalium aprinum Linnaeus, 1767 {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Dentalium bisexangulatum Sowerby, 1860 {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Dentalium octangulatum Donovan, 1804 {Tan & Chou, 2000}<br />
Paradentalium hexagonum (Gould, 1859) {Chou et al., 1994b [Dentalium hexagonum]}<br />
Tesseracme dispar (Sowerby, 1860) {Steiner & Kabat, 2004; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
FAMILY GADILINIDAE<br />
Episiphon subrectum (Jeffreys, 1882) {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Episiphon subtorquatus (Fischer, 1871) {Chou et al., 1994b [Laevidentalium subtorquatum]}<br />
FAMILY LAEVIDENTALIIDAE<br />
Laevidentalium eburneum (Linnaeus, 1767) {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
FAMILY GADILIDAE<br />
Gadila <strong>singapore</strong>nsis (Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898) {Chou et al., 1994b [Cadulus <strong>singapore</strong>nsis];<br />
Steiner & Kabat, 2004}<br />
CLASS GASTROPODA<br />
CLADE PATELLOGASTROPODA<br />
SUPERFAMILY NACELLOIDEA<br />
FAMILY NACELLIDAE<br />
Cellana radiata (Born, 1778) {Tan & Chou, 2000; Goh et al., 2002}<br />
Cellana testudinaria (Linnaeus, 1758) {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
22
SUPERFAMILY LOTTIOIDEA<br />
FAMILY ACMAEIDAE<br />
Acmaea pygmaea (Dunker, 1882) {Chuang, 1973 [Acmaea bombayana]; Way & Purchon, 1981 [Acmaea<br />
bombayana]; Chou et al., 1994b [Acmaea bombayana]}<br />
Patelloida saccharinoides Habe & Kosuge, 1966 {Tan & Chou, 2000; Goh et al., 2002; Ng et al., 2007; Ng, 2009}<br />
Diodora reevei (Schepman, 1908) †<br />
CLADE VETIGASTROPODA<br />
SUPERFAMILY FISSURELLOIDEA<br />
FAMILY FISSURELLIDAE<br />
Diodora excelsa (A. Adams & Reeve, 1840) {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Diodora <strong>singapore</strong>nsis (Reeve, 1850) {Chuang, 1973; Way & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b; Tan & Chou, 2000;<br />
The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Emarginula cucullata A. Adams, 1851 {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Emarginula scabricostata A. Adams, 1851 {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Scutus unguis (Linnaeus, 1758) {Way & Purchon, 1981; Tan & Chou, 2000; Chou & Tan, 2008}<br />
Scutus sinensis (Blainville, 1825) {Chuang, 1973}<br />
Haliotis asinina Linnaeus, 1758 {Chou & Tan, 2008}<br />
SUPERFAMILY HALIOTOIDEA<br />
FAMILY HALIOTIDAE<br />
Haliotis clathrata Reeve, 1846 {Chuang, 1973 [Haliotis ruber clathrata]; Chou et al., 1994b [Haliotis ruber clathrata];<br />
Chou & Tan, 2008}<br />
Haliotis dohrniana Dunker, 1863 {Chou & Tan, 2008; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Haliotis varia Reeve, 1846 {Chou & Tan, 2008}<br />
Haliotis ovina Gmelin, 1791 {Chuang, 1973; Chou & Tan, 2008}<br />
Haliotis planata Sowerby, 1882 {Tan & Chou, 2000; Chou & Tan, 2008; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–<br />
2010}<br />
Haliotis pustulata Reeve, 1846 {Way & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
23
SUPERFAMILY TROCHOIDEA<br />
FAMILY TROCHIDAE<br />
Chrysostoma paradoxum (Born, 1780) {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b [Chrysostoma paradoxus]}<br />
Clanculus granosus Brazier, 1877 {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Clanculus margaritarius (Philippi, 1846) {Chuang, 1973 [Clanculus unedo]; Chou et al., 1994b [Clanculus unedo]}<br />
Ethminolia vitiliginea (Menke, 1843) {Chuang, 1973 [Minolia vitiliginea]; Chou et al., 1994b [Isanda vitiliginea]}<br />
Euchelus asper (Gmelin, 1791) {Chuang, 1973}<br />
Euchelus atratus (Gmelin, 1791) {Chuang, 1973; Way & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b [Euchelus stratus]; Tan &<br />
Chou, 2000; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Euchelus quadricarinatus (Holten, 1802) †<br />
Granata sulcifera (Lamarck, 1822) {Chuang, 1973 [Hybochelus sulcifera]}<br />
Hybochelus cancellatus (Krauss, 1848) †<br />
Minolia biangulosa (A. Adams, 1855) {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Minolia holdsworthana (G. & H. Nevill, 1871) {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b [Isanda holdsworthana]}<br />
Minolia <strong>singapore</strong>nsis Pilsbry, 1889 {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b [Isanda singaporiensis]}<br />
Monilea callifera (Lamarck, 1822) †<br />
Monilea lentiginosa A. Adams, 1853 {Chuang, 1973}<br />
Monilea solanderi (Philippi, 1851) {Chou et al., 1994b [Monilea solandri]}<br />
Monodonta labio (Linnaeus, 1758) {Tweedie, 1967; Chuang, 1973; Way & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b; Lim et<br />
al., 1994; Tan & Chou, 2000; Goh et al., 2002; Ng, 2009; Project Semakau}<br />
Pagodatrochus variabilis (H. Adams, 1873) {Chuang, 1973 [Minolia variabilis]; Chou et al., 1994b [Isanda<br />
variabilis]}<br />
Pseudominolia musiva (Gould, 1861) †<br />
Tectus pyramis (Born, 1778) {Chuang, 1973; Way & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Thaliota zebuensis A. Adams, 1851 {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Trochus maculatus Linnaeus, 1758 {Tweedie, 1967; Chuang, 1973; Way & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b; Tan &<br />
Ng, 1988 ; Tan & Chou, 2000}<br />
Trochus niloticus Linnaeus, 1767 {Chuang, 1973 [Tectus niloticus; Tectus niloticus maximus]; Way & Purchon, 1981;<br />
Chou et al., 1994a; Chou et al., 1994b; Tan & Chou, 2000; Ng et al., 2007; Chou & Tan, 2008; Project Semakau}<br />
Trochus radiatus Gmelin, 1791 {Chuang, 1973; Lee, 2003 [Trochus sp.]; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–<br />
2010}<br />
Trochus tentorium Gmelin, 1791 {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Trochus tricatenatus Reeve, 1861 {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Turcica maculata (Brazier, 1877) †<br />
24
Umbonium vestiarium (Linnaeus, 1758) {Chuang, 1973; Way & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994a [Umbonium<br />
vestiarum]; Chou et al., 1994b; Tan & Chou, 2000 [Umbonium vestiarum]; Lee, 2003 [Umbonium vestiarum]; Ng et al.,<br />
2007 [Umbonium vestiarum]; Wang & Jaafar, 2007a}<br />
FAMILY CALLIOSTOMATIDAE<br />
Calliostoma scobinatum (A. Adams, 1863) {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Calliostoma tranquebarica (Röding, 1798) †<br />
Pseudostomatella decolarata (Gould, 1848) †<br />
Stomatia phymotis Helbling, 1779 †<br />
FAMILY STOMATELLIDAE<br />
SUPERFAMILY TURBINOIDEA<br />
FAMILY TURBINIDAE<br />
Angaria delphinus (Linnaeus, 1758) {Chuang, 1973 [Angaria delphinus atrata]; Way & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al.,<br />
1994b [Angaria atrata]; Tan & Chou, 2000}<br />
Astralium calcar (Linnaeus, 1758) {Chuang, 1973 [Astraea calcar]; Chou et al., 1994b [Astraea calcar]; Tan & Chou,<br />
2000 [Astraea calcar]; Project Semakau [Astraea calcar]}<br />
Guildfordia triumphans (Philippi, 1841) {Chuang, 1973}<br />
Liotina peronii (Kiener, 1839) †<br />
Tricolia fordiana (Pilsbry, 1888) {Chuang, 1973 [Phasianella fordiana]; Chou et al., 1994b [Phasianella fordiana]}<br />
Turbo bruneus (Röding, 1798) {Chuang, 1973 [Turbo ticaonicus]; Way & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b [Turbo<br />
ticaonicus]; Lim et al., 1994 [Turbo brunneus]; Tan & Chou, 2000; Goh et al., 2002; Ng et al., 2007}<br />
Turbo heterocheilus Pilsbry, 1888 †<br />
Turbo intercostalis Menke, 1846 {Tweedie, 1967; Tan & Ng, 1988 [Turbo brunneus]; Chou et al., 1994b; Ng, 2009;<br />
Project Semakau}<br />
Turbo marmoratus Linnaeus, 1758 {Tan & Chou, 2000}<br />
Turbo petholatus Linnaeus, 1758 {Chuang, 1973; Way & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994a; Chou et al., 1994b; Chou<br />
& Tan, 2008}<br />
FAMILY SKENEIDAE<br />
Cyclostrema archeri Tryon, 1888 {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Cyclostrema marchei Jousseaume, 1872 {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Cyclostrema ocrinum Melvill & Standen, 1901 {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Cyclostrema quinquecarinatum Melvill, 1906 {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b [Cyclostrema quinquecarinata]}<br />
25
Cyclostrema reeveana A. Adams, 1850 {Chuang, 1973 [Liotina reevena]; Chou et al., 1994b [Lictia reeveana]; The<br />
Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Cyclostrema solariellum Melvill, 1893 {Chuang, 1973 [Liotina solariellum]; Chou et al., 1994b [Liotina solariellum]}<br />
Cyclostrema tornata A. Adams in Sowerby, 1863 {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Leucorhynchia crossei (Tryon, 1888) {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–<br />
2010}<br />
Leucorhynchia tryoni Pilsbry, 1891 {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
CLADE CYCLONERITIMORPHA<br />
SUPERFAMILY NERITOIDEA<br />
FAMILY NERITIDAE<br />
Clithon faba (Sowerby, 1836) {Tan & Chou, 2000; Maasen, 2001; Tan & Clements, 2008}<br />
Clithon oualaniensis Lesson, 1831 {Chuang, 1973 [Theodoxus (Clithon) oualaniensis]; Way & Purchon, 1981; Tan &<br />
Ng, 1988 ; Chou et al., 1994a; Chou et al., 1994b; Tan & Chou, 2000; Chou & Tan, 2008; Tan & Clements, 2008; Ng,<br />
2009}<br />
Dostia cornucopia (Benson, 1836) {Ng & Sivasothi, 1999 [Dostia violacea]; Ng et al., 2008; Tan & Clements, 2008<br />
[Neritina cornucopia]; Ng, 2009 [Neritina cornucopia]}<br />
Dostia violacea (Gmelin, 1791) {Chuang, 1973 [Nerita crepidularia]; Chou et al., 1994b [Neritina crepidularia;<br />
Neritina violacea]; Tan & Chou, 2000; Ng et al., 2008; Tan & Clements, 2008 [Neritina violacea]; Ng, 2009 [Neritina<br />
violacea]}<br />
Nerita albicilla Linnaeus, 1758 {Tweedie, 1967; Chuang, 1973; Way & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b; Tan &<br />
Chou, 2000; Tan & Clements, 2008; Ng, 2009}<br />
Nerita articulata Gould, 1847 {Lim, 1963 [Nerita birmanica]; Chuang, 1973 [Nerita birmanica]; Way & Purchon,<br />
1981 [Nerita lineata]; Chou et al., 1994b [Nerita balteata; Nerita birmanica; Nerita lineata]; Ng & Sivasothi, 1999<br />
[Nerita lineata]; Tan & Chou, 2000 [Nerita lineata]; Goh et al., 2002 [Nerita lineata]; Ng et al., 2007 [Nerita lineata];<br />
Wang & Jaafar, 2007a; Wang & Jaafar, 2007b [Nerita lineata]; Ng et al., 2008; Tan & Clements, 2008; Ng, 2009}<br />
Nerita chamaeleon Linnaeus, 1758 {Chuang, 1973; Way & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b; Tan & Chou, 2000;<br />
Goh et al., 2002; Tan & Clements, 2008; Project Semakau}<br />
Nerita costata Gmelin, 1791 {Tan & Clements, 2008}<br />
Nerita grayana Récluz, 1843 {Tan & Clements, 2008}<br />
Nerita histrio Linnaeus, 1758 {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b; Tan & Chou, 2000 [Nerita squamulata]; Ng et al.,<br />
2007; Tan & Clements, 2008; Ng, 2009 [Nerita sp.]; Project Semakau}<br />
Nerita planospira Anton, 1839 {Lim, 1963 [Nerita sp.]; Chuang, 1973; Way & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b<br />
[Nerita plancapira]; Tan & Chou, 2000; Chou & Tan, 2008; Ng et al., 2008; Tan & Clements, 2008; Project Semakau}<br />
Nerita plicata Linnaeus, 1758 {Tan & Clements, 2008}<br />
Nerita polita Linnaeus, 1758 {Tweedie, 1967; Chuang, 1973 [Nerita rumphii]; Way & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al.,<br />
1994b; Tan & Clements, 2008}<br />
Nerita signata Lamarck, 1822 {Way & Purchon, 1981 [Nerita reticulata]; Tan & Clements, 2008}<br />
26
Nerita undata Linnaeus, 1758 {Chuang, 1973; Way & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b; Tan & Chou, 2000; Goh et<br />
al., 2002; Tan & Clements, 2008; Ng, 2009; Project Semakau}<br />
Neritina auriculata Lamarck, 1816 {Tan & Clements, 2008}<br />
Neritina siquijorensis (Récluz, 1843) {Tan & Clements, 2008}<br />
Neritina sulculosa (von Martens, 1879) {Tan & Clements, 2008}<br />
Vittina coromandeliana (Sowerby, 1832) {Tan & Clements, 2008 [Neritina coromandeliana]}<br />
FAMILY PHENACOLEPADIDAE<br />
Phenacolepas cinnamomea (Gould, 1846) {Way & Purchon, 1981; Tan & Chou, 2000}<br />
Neritopsis radula (Linnaeus, 1758) †<br />
Pila ampullacea (Linnaeus, 1758) †<br />
SUPERFAMILY NERITOPSOIDEA<br />
FAMILY NERITOPSIDAE<br />
CLADE CAENOGASTROPODA<br />
SUPERFAMILY AMPULLARIOIDEA<br />
FAMILY AMPULLARIIDAE<br />
Pila scutata (Mousson, 1848) {Ng, 1991; Chou et al., 1994b [Pila conica]; Chan, 1996b; Perera & Walls, 1996 [Pila<br />
conica]; Maasen, 2001; Goh et al., 2002; Clements et al., 2006}<br />
Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck, 1822) {Ng, 1991 [Pomacea]; Chan, 1996b; Maasen, 2001 [Pomacea lineata]; Goh<br />
et al., 2002; Clements et al., 2006}<br />
SUPERFAMILY CYCLOPHOROIDEA<br />
FAMILY CYCLOPHORIDAE<br />
Cyclophorus perdix aquila (Sowerby, 1843) {Tweedie, 1967 [Cyclophorus perdix]; Lim, 1969 [Cyclophorus perdix];<br />
Chou et al., 1994b [Cyclophorus cerdix aquila]; Ho, 1995; Maasen, 2001}<br />
Cyclotus rostellatus (Pfeiffer, 1851) {Tenison-Woods, 1888; Lim, 1969; Ho, 1995; Maasen, 2001 [Opisthoporus<br />
rostellatus]}<br />
Ditropopsis cf. koperbergi Zilch, 1955 {Ho, 1995 [Ditropis cf. koperbergi]; Maasen, 2001}<br />
Japonia ciliocinctum (Martens, 1865) {Lim, 1969; Ho, 1995 [Lagochilus ciliocinctum]}<br />
27
FAMILY DIPLOMMATINIDAE<br />
Diplommatina adversa (H. Adams & A. Adams, 1851) {Maasen, 2001}<br />
Diplommatina nevilli Crosse, 1879 {Tweedie, 1967 [Diplommatina canaliculata]; Lim, 1969; Ho, 1995}<br />
SUPERFAMILY VIVIPAROIDEA<br />
FAMILY VIVIPARIDAE<br />
Filopaludina doliaris (Gould, 1844) {Chou et al., 1994b [Viviparus doliaris]; Maasen, 2001}<br />
Filopaludina martensi (von Frauenfeld, 1865) {Chan, 1996b [Filopaludina javanica]; Clements et al., 2006}<br />
Filopaludina sumatrensis peninsularis (Brandt, 1974) {Chan, 1996b; Clements et al., 2006}<br />
Filopaludina sumatrensis polygramma (Martens, 1860) †<br />
Taia polyzonata (von Frauenfeld, 1862) {Ng, 1991; Chan, 1996b; Clements et al., 2006}<br />
CLADE SORBEOCONCHA<br />
SUPERFAMILY CERITHIOIDEA<br />
FAMILY CERITHIIDAE<br />
Cerithium coralium Kiener, 1841 {Houbrick, 1992; Chou et al., 1994b; Tan & Chou, 2000; Ng et al., 2008}<br />
Cerithium dialeucum Philippi, 1849 {Houbrick, 1992}<br />
Cerithium lifuense Melvill & Standen, 1895 {Houbrick, 1992}<br />
Cerithium nodulosum Bruguière, 1792 {Chuang, 1973}<br />
Cerithium torresi Smith, 1884 {Houbrick, 1992}<br />
Cerithium traillii Sowerby, 1835 {Chuang, 1973 [Clypeomorus trailli]; Way & Purchon, 1981 [Cerithium trailli];<br />
Houbrick, 1992; Chou et al., 1994b; Tan & Chou, 2000; Chou & Tan, 2008}<br />
Cerithium zonatum (Wood, 1828) {Chuang, 1973 [Cerithium purpurascens; Cerithium lemniscatum; Cerithium<br />
robustum; Clypeomorus purpurascens]; Houbrick, 1992; Chou et al., 1994b [Cerithium lemniscatum; Cerithium<br />
robustum]; Ng et al., 2007}<br />
Clypeomorus adunca (Gould, 1849) {Chuang, 1973 [Cerithium dorsuosum]}<br />
Clypeomorus batillariaeformis Habe & Kosuge, 1966 {Houbrick, 1985}<br />
Clypeomorus bifasciata bifasciata (Sowerby, 1855) {Chuang, 1973 [Cerithium penthusans; Clypeomorus bifasciatus];<br />
Houbrick, 1985; Chou et al., 1994b [Cerithium morus]}<br />
Clypeomorus brevis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) {Chuang, 1973 [Cerithium breve]}<br />
Clypeomorus irrorata (Gould, 1849) {Chuang, 1973 [Cerithium irroratum]; Way & Purchon, 1981 [Cerithium<br />
obesum]; Houbrick, 1985; Chou et al., 1994b [Cerithium obesum]}<br />
28
Clypeomorus pellucida (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1852) {Chuang, 1973 [Cerithium patulum]; Way & Purchon, 1981<br />
[Cerithium patulum]; Chou et al., 1994b [Cerithium patulum]; Houbrick, 1985; Tan & Chou, 2000}<br />
Clypeomorus petrosa petrosa (Wood, 1829) {Houbrick, 1985}<br />
Clypeomorus petrosa chemnitziana (Pilsbry, 1901) {Chuang, 1973 [Cerithium chemnitzianum; Clypeomorus<br />
chemnitziana]; Way & Purchon, 1981 [Cerithium chemnitzianum]; Houbrick, 1985; Chou et al., 1994b [Cerithium<br />
chemnitsianum]}<br />
Clypeomorus purpurastoma (Houbrick, 1985) {Houbrick, 1985}<br />
Rhinoclavis aspera (Linnaeus, 1758) {Chuang, 1973 [Rhinoclavis asper]; Chou et al., 1994b [Vertagus asper]}<br />
Rhinoclavis obeliscus (Bruguière, 1792) {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b [Vertagus obeliscus]}<br />
Rhinoclavis sinensis (Gmelin, 1791) {Chuang, 1973; Way & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Rhinoclavis vertagus (Linnaeus, 1758) {Tweedie, 1967; Chuang, 1973; Way & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b<br />
[Vertagus vertagus]}<br />
FAMILY BATILLARIIDAE<br />
Batillaria zonalis (Bruguière, 1792) {Lim, 1963 [Cerithium coralium]; Chuang, 1973; Tan & Ng, 1988; Lim et al.,<br />
1994; Tan & Chou, 2000; Ng, 2009; Project Semakau}<br />
Alaba virgata (Philippi, 1849) †<br />
Faunus ater (Linnaeus, 1758) †<br />
FAMILY LITIOPIDAE<br />
FAMILY MELANOPSIDAE<br />
FAMILY PLANAXIDAE<br />
Couthouyia styliferinus (Nevil, 1884) {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b [Couthouyia styliferina]; The Academy <strong>of</strong><br />
Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Fissilabia decollata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) {Chuang, 1973 [Planaxia (Fissilabia) decollata]; Way & Purchon,<br />
1981 [Quoyia decollata]; Chou et al., 1994b [Quoyia decollata]}<br />
Planaxis sulcatus (Born, 1778) {Chuang, 1973; Way & Purchon, 1981; Tan & Ng, 1988 [Planaxis]; Chou et al., 1994b<br />
[Planaxis suleatus]; Tan & Chou, 2000; Ng, 2009; Project Semakau}<br />
Cerithidea alata (Philippi, 1847) †<br />
FAMILY POTAMIDIDAE<br />
Cerithidea cingulata (Gmelin, 1791) {Lim, 1963; Tweedie, 1967; Chuang, 1973 [Potamides cingulatus]; Way &<br />
Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b; Tan & Chou, 2000; Ng et al., 2008; Ng, 2009}<br />
Cerithidea djadjariensis (Martin, 1899) †<br />
29
Cerithidea microptera (Kiener, 1842) {Chuang, 1973 [Potamides micropterus; Tympanotus micropterus]; Chou et al.,<br />
1994b [Tympanotonus micropterus]}<br />
Cerithidea obtusa (Lamarck, 1822) {Lim, 1963; Tweedie, 1967; Chuang, 1973; Way & Purchon, 1981; Tan & Ng,<br />
1988 ; Chou et al., 1994b; Tan & Chou, 2000; Ng et al., 2008; Ng, 2009}<br />
Cerithidea quadrata Sowerby, 1866 {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b; Ng & Sivasothi, 1999 [Cerithidea obtusa];<br />
Lee, 2003 [Cerithidea obtusa]; Wang & Jaafar, 2007b [Cerithidea obtusa]; Ng et al., 2008; Ng, 2009 [Cerithidea<br />
obtusa]}<br />
Terebralia palustris (Linnaeus, 1767) {Houbrick, 1991; Ng et al., 2008; Project Semakau}<br />
Terebralia sulcata (Born, 1778) {Lim, 1963; Chuang, 1973; Way & Purchon, 1981; Tan & Ng, 1988 ; Houbrick, 1991;<br />
Chou et al., 1994b; Ng & Sivasothi, 1999; Tan & Chou, 2000; Maasen, 2001; Ng et al., 2008; Ng, 2009; Project<br />
Semakau}<br />
Telescopium telescopium (Linnaeus, 1758) {Lim, 1963; Tweedie, 1967; Chuang, 1973; Tan & Ng, 1988 ; Houbrick,<br />
1991; Chou et al., 1994b; Ng & Sivasothi, 1999; Tan & Chou, 2000; Ng et al., 2008; Ng, 2009; Project Semakau}<br />
FAMILY SCALIOLIDAE<br />
Finella pupoides A. Adams, 1860 {Chuang, 1973 [Eufenella pupoides; Eufenella pyrrhacme]; Chou et al., 1994b<br />
[Finella pyrrachme]}<br />
Finella vulnerata (Hedley, 1909) {Chuang, 1973 [Eufenella vulnerata]; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
FAMILY SILIQUARIIDAE<br />
Siliquaria anguina (Linnaeus, 1758) {Way & Purchon, 1981}<br />
Siliquaria cumingi (Mörch, 1860) †<br />
Siliquaria ponderosa (Mörch, 1860) †<br />
FAMILY THIARIDAE<br />
Melanoides tuberculata (Müller, 1774) {Ng, 1991; Chou et al., 1994b [Thiara tuberculata]; Chan, 1996b; Maasen,<br />
2001; Goh et al., 2002 [Melanoides sp.]; Clements et al., 2006}<br />
Tarebia granifera (Lamarck, 1822) {Chan, 1996b [Melanoides granifera]; Clements et al., 2006}<br />
Sermyla riqueti (Grateloup, 1840) {Chou et al., 1994b; Chan, 1996b [Thiara (Sermyla) riqueti]; Clements et al., 2006}<br />
Thiara scabra (Müller, 1774) {Chan, 1996b; Clements et al., 2006}<br />
FAMILY TURRITELLIDAE<br />
Turritella terebra (Linnaeus, 1758) {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994a; Chou et al., 1994b; Chou & Tan, 2008}<br />
30
CLADE LITTORINIMORPHA<br />
SUPERFAMILY CALYPTRAEOIDEA<br />
FAMILY CALYPTRAEIDAE<br />
Calyptraea extinctorium (Lamarck, 1822) {Chuang, 1973; Way & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b [Calyptraea<br />
extincterium]; Tan & Chou, 2000}<br />
Crepidula walshi (Reeve, 1859) {Chuang, 1973; Way & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b; Tan & Chou, 2000}<br />
Capulus species †<br />
FAMILY CAPULIDAE<br />
Lippistes helicoides (Gmelin, 1791) {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
SUPERFAMILY CYPRAEOIDEA<br />
FAMILY CYPRAEIDAE<br />
Cypraea annulus Linnaeus, 1758 {Chou et al., 1994a; Chou et al., 1994b; Chou & Tan, 2008}<br />
Cypraea arabica Linnaeus, 1758 {Tweedie, 1967 [Mauritia arabica]; Chuang, 1973 [Cypraea (Arabica) arabica];<br />
Way & Purchon, 1981; Tan & Ng, 1988 ; Chou et al., 1994a; Chou et al., 1994b; Lim et al., 1994; Tan & Chou, 2000;<br />
Yeo & Wang, 2008; Chou & Tan, 2008}<br />
Cypraea argus Linnaeus, 1758 {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Cypraea asselus Linnaeus, 1758 {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Cypraea bistrinotata Schilder & Schilder, 1937 {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010 [Pustularia<br />
bistrinotata bistrinotata]}<br />
Cypraea caputserpentis Linnaeus, 1758 {Chuang, 1973 [Cypraea (Ravitrona) caputserpentis]; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Cypraea carneola Linnaeus, 1758 {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Cypraea caurica Linnaeus, 1758 {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Cypraea clandestina Linnaeus, 1767 {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Cypraea coloba Melvill, 1888 {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Cypraea cribraria Linnaeus, 1758 {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Cypraea cylindrica Born, 1778 {Chuang, 1973 [Cypraea (Errones) cylindrica]; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Cypraea eglantina Duclos, 1833 {Chuang, 1973 [Cypraea (Arabica) eglantina]}<br />
Cypraea erosa Linnaeus, 1758 {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Cypraea errones Linnaeus, 1758 {Tweedie, 1967 [Erronea errones]; Chuang, 1973 [Cypraea (Erronea) errones];<br />
Way & Purchon, 1981; Tan & Ng, 1988 ; Chou et al., 1994b; Lim et al., 1994; Tan & Chou, 2000; Lee, 2003; Ng et al.,<br />
2007; Project Semakau}<br />
31
Cypraea felina Gmelin, 1791 {Chou et al., 1994b [Cypraea felina listeri]}<br />
Cypraea fimbriata Gmelin, 1791 {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Cypraea gangranosa Dillwyn, 1817 {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010 [Erosaria gangranosa]}<br />
Cypraea gracilis Gaskoin, 1849 {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Cypraea hammondae Iredale, 1939 {Chou et al., 1994b [Cypraea hammondae raysummersi}<br />
Cypraea hirundo Linnaeus, 1758 {Chuang, 1973; Way & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Cypraea histrio Gmelin, 1791 {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Cypraea interrupta Gray, 1824 {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Cypraea kieneri Hidalgo, 1906 {Chou et al., 1994b [Cypraea kieneri depriesteri]}<br />
Cypraea lamarckii Gray, 1825 {Way & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Cypraea lutea Gmelin, 1791 {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Cypraea lynx Linnaeus, 1758 {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Cypraea mappa Linnaeus, 1758 {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Cypraea margarita Dilwyn, 1817 {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Cypraea mariae Schilder, 1927 {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Cypraea miliaris Gmelin, 1791 {Chuang, 1973 [Cypraea (Erosaria) miliaris]; Chou et al., 1994b; Lim et al., 1994; Ng<br />
et al., 2007}<br />
Cypraea minoridens Melvill, 1901 {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Cypraea moneta Linnaeus, 1758 {Ng et al., 2007}<br />
Cypraea nebrites Mevill, 1888 {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010 [Erosaria nebrites]}<br />
Cypraea nivosa Broderip, 1827 {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Cypraea nucleus Linnaeus, 1758 {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Cypraea onyx Linnaeus, 1758 {Chuang, 1973 [Cypraea (Adusta) onyx]; Way & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b; Ng<br />
et al., 2007}<br />
Cypraea ovum Linnaeus, 1758 {Chou et al., 1994b; Ng, 2009; Project Semakau}<br />
Cypraea pallida Gray, 1824 {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Cypraea pulchella Gray, 1824 {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b [Cypraea pulehella]}<br />
Cypraea punctata Linnaeus, 1771 {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Cypraea pyriformis Gray, 1824 {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Cypraea quadrimaculata Gray, 1824 {Chuang, 1973; Way & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Cypraea rabaulensis Schilder, 1964 {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Cypraea staphylaea Linnaeus, 1758 {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Cypraea stolida Linnaeus, 1758 {Chuang, 1973 [Cypraea (Derstolida) stolida]; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
32
Cypraea talpa Linnaeus, 1758 {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Cypraea tigris Linnaeus, 1758 {Chuang, 1973; Way & Purchon, 1981; Tan & Ng, 1988; Chou et al., 1994a; Chou et<br />
al., 1994b [Cypraea tigris pardalis]; Chou & Tan, 2008; Ng, 2009}<br />
Cypraea ursellus Gmelin, 1791 {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Cypraea ventriculus Lamarck, 1810 {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Cypraea vitellus Linnaeus, 1758 {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Cypraea walkeri Sowerby, 1832 {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Cypraea ziczac Linnaeus, 1758 {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
FAMILY OVULIDAE<br />
Aclyvolva lanceolata (Sowerby, 1848) {Chou et al., 1994b [Neosimnia lanceolata]}<br />
Calpurnus verrucosus (Linnaeus, 1758) {Cate, 1973; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Carpiscula bullata (A. Adams & Reeve, 1848) {Cate, 1973; Lorenz & Fehse, 2009; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural<br />
Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Crenavolva aureola (Fehse, 2002) {Lorenz & Fehse, 2009}<br />
Crenavolva leopardus Fehse, 2002 {Lorenz & Fehse, 2009; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Crenavolva cf. rosewateri Cate, 1973 {Goh et al., 1999}<br />
Crenavolva trailli (A. Adams, 1855) {Goh et al., 1999 [Crenavolva cf. striatula traillii]; Lorenz & Fehse, 2009}<br />
Cuspivolva queenslandica (Cate, 1974) {Lorenz & Fehse, 2009}<br />
Cymbovula deflexa (Sowerby, 1848) {Cate, 1973; Wong, 2008a; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Cymbovula segaliana Cate, 1973 {Wong, 2008a}<br />
Dentiovula dorsuosa (Hinds, 1844) {Cate, 1973; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Diminovula alabaster (Reeve, 1865) {Cate, 1973; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Hiatavolva depressa (Sowerby, 1875) †<br />
Margovula pyriformis (Sowerby, 1828) †<br />
Phenacovolva cf. barbieri Lorenz & Fehse, 2009 {Lorenz & Fehse, 2009}<br />
Phenacovolva brevirostris (Schumacher, 1817) {Chuang, 1973 [Volva brevirostris]; Lorenz & Fehse, 2009}<br />
Phenacovolva dancei Cate, 1973 {Cate, 1973; Lorenz & Fehse, 2009; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Phenacovolva improcera (Azuma & Cate, 1971) †<br />
Phenacovolva nectarea (Iredale, 1930) {Goh et al., 1999 [Phenacovolva cf. tokioi]; Lorenz & Fehse, 2009}<br />
Phenacovolva cf. rosea (A. Adams, 1854) {Lorenz & Fehse, 2009}<br />
Prionovolva brevis (Sowerby, 1828) †<br />
Pseudosimnia marginata (Sowerby, 1828) †<br />
33
Volva volva (Linnaeus, 1758) {Chou et al., 1994b [Amphiperas volva]}<br />
Ficus ficus (Linnaeus, 1758) {Chuang, 1973}<br />
Ficus variegata Röding, 1798 †<br />
SUPERFAMILY FICOIDEA<br />
FAMILY FICIDAE<br />
SUPERFAMILY LITTORINOIDEA<br />
FAMILY LITTORINIDAE<br />
Echinolittorina malaccana (Philippi, 1847) {Chuang, 1973 [Nodilittorina pyramidalis]; Way & Purchon, 1981<br />
[Nodilittorina pyramidalis]; Chou et al., 1994b [Nodilittorina malaccensis]; Lim et al, 1994 [Nodilittorina sp.]; Tan &<br />
Chou, 2000 [Nodilittorina trochoides]; Goh et al., 2002 [Nodilittorina trochoides]; Reid, 2007; Ng et al., 2007<br />
[Nodilittorina trochoides]; Ng, 2009 [Nodilittorina trochoides]}<br />
Echinolittorina melanacme (Smith, 1876) {Tan & Chou, 2000 [Nodilittorina novaezelandiae]; Reid, 2007}<br />
Echinolittorina vidua (Gould, 1859) {Chuang, 1973 [Littorina ventricosa]; Tan & Chou, 2000 [Nodilittorina vidua];<br />
Reid, 2007; Ng et al., 2007 [Nodilittorina vidua]; Ng, 2009 [Nodilittorina vidua]}<br />
Littoraria ardouiniana (Heude, 1885) {Reid, 1986 [Littoraria (Littorinopsis) ardouiniana]; Tan & Chou, 2000; The<br />
Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010 [Littoraria (Littorinopsis) ardouiniana]}<br />
Littoraria articulata (Philippi, 1846) {Reid, 1986 [Littoraria (Palustorina) articulata]; Tan & Chou, 2000; Goh et al.,<br />
2002; Ng et al., 2007; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010 [Littoraria (Palustorina) articulata]}<br />
Littoraria carinifera (Menke, 1830) {Lim, 1963 [Littorina carinifera]; Chuang, 1973 [Littorina carinifera]; Way &<br />
Purchon, 1981 [Littorina carinifera]; Reid, 1986 [Littoraria (Palustorina) carinifera]; Chou et al., 1994b; Ng &<br />
Sivasothi, 1999; Tan & Chou, 2000; Goh et al., 2002; Ng, 2009; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Littoraria conica (Philippi, 1846) {Reid, 1986 [Littoraria (Palustorina) conica]; Ng & Sivasothi, 1999; Tan & Chou,<br />
2000; Ng et al., 2008}<br />
Littoraria intermedia (Philippi, 1846) {Reid, 1986 [Littoraria (Littorinopsis) intermedia]; Tan & Chou, 2000}<br />
Littoraria lutea (Philippi, 1847) {Reid, 1986 [Littoraria (Littorinopsis) lutea]; Tan & Chou, 2000; The Academy <strong>of</strong><br />
Natural Sciences, 1998–2010 [Littoraria (Littorinopsis) lutea]}<br />
Littoraria melanostoma (Gray, 1839) {Lim, 1963 [Littorina melanostoma; Littoriina melanostoma]Chuang, 1973<br />
[Littorina melanostoma]; Way & Purchon, 1981 [Littorina melanostoma]; Reid, 1986 [Littoraria (Palustorina)<br />
melanostoma]; Chou et al., 1994b; Ng & Sivasothi, 1999; Tan & Chou, 2000; Ng et al., 2008; Ng, 2009; The Academy<br />
<strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Littoraria pallescens (Philippi, 1846) {Reid, 1986 [Littoraria (Littorinopsis) pallescens]; Tan & Chou, 2000; Ng, 2009<br />
[Littoraria carinifera]}<br />
Littoraria scabra (Linnaeus, 1758) {Chuang, 1973 [Littorina scabra]; Way & Purchon, 1981; Reid, 1986 [Littoraria<br />
(Littorinopsis) scabra]; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Littoraria strigata (Philippi, 1846) {Reid, 1986 [Littoraria (Palustorina) strigata]; Tan & Chou, 2000; Ng et al., 2007;<br />
The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010 [Littoraria (Palustorina) strigata]}<br />
34
Littoraria undulata (Gray, 1839) {Chuang, 1973 [Littorina undulata]; Way & Purchon, 1981 [Littorina undulata];<br />
Chou et al., 1994b; Tan & Chou, 2000}<br />
Littoraria vespacea Reid, 1986 {Reid, 1986 [Littoraria (Littoraria) vespacea]; Tan & Chou, 2000; The Academy <strong>of</strong><br />
Natural Sciences, 1998–2010 [Littoraria (Littoraria) vespacea]; Project Semakau}<br />
Mainwaringia leithii (Smith, 1876) {Tan & Chou, 2000}<br />
Mainwaringia rhizophila Reid, 1986 {Tan & Chou, 2000}<br />
Peasiella lutulenta Reid, 1989 {Tan & Chou, 2000}<br />
Peasiella patula Reid & Mak, 1998 {Tan & Chou, 2000; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Peasiella roepstorffiana (Nevill, 1885) {Tan & Chou, 2000}<br />
SUPERFAMILY NATICOIDEA<br />
FAMILY NATICIDAE<br />
Eunaticina coarctata (Reeve, 1864) {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Eunaticina linneana (Récluz, 1843) †<br />
Eunaticina papilla (Gmelin, 1791) †<br />
Natica alapapilionis (Röding, 1798) {Chuang, 1973}<br />
Natica arachnoidea (Gmelin, 1791) †<br />
Natica euzona (Récluz, 1844) †<br />
Natica gualteriana (Récluz, 1844) {Chuang, 1973 [Natica marochiensis]; Chou et al., 1994b [Natica marochiensis];<br />
Lim et al., 1994 [Polynices sp.]}<br />
Natica lineata (Röding, 1798) {Chuang, 1973; Way & Purchon, 1981; Tan & Chou, 2000}<br />
Natica onca (Röding, 1798) {Chuang, 1973}<br />
Natica tigrina (Röding, 1798) {Tweedie, 1967 [Natica maculosa]; Chuang, 1973; Way & Purchon, 1981 [Natica<br />
maculosa]; Tan & Ng, 1988 [Natica maculata]; Chou et al., 1994b [Natica maculosa]; Tan & Chou, 2000; Chou & Tan,<br />
2008; Ng et al., 2008}<br />
Natica undulata (Röding, 1798) {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Natica vitellus (Linnaeus, 1758) †<br />
Natica zonalis (Récluz, 1850) †<br />
Polinices albumen (Linnaeus, 1758) {Chuang, 1973 [Polynices albumen]}<br />
Polinices didyma (Röding, 1798) {Chuang, 1973 [Polynices didyma]; Way & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b<br />
[Natica didyma]; Tan & Chou, 2000; Ng et al., 2007}<br />
Polinices mammilla (Linnaeus, 1758) {Tweedie, 1967; Chuang, 1973 [Polynices mammilla; Polynices pyriformis];<br />
Way & Purchon, 1981 [Polinices tumidus]; Lim et al., 1994 [Polinices sp.]; Tan & Chou, 2000 [Polinices mammatus];<br />
Ng et al., 2007 [Polinices mammatus]; Ng, 2009 [Polinices mammatus]; Project Semakau [Polinices mammatus]}<br />
Polinices mammatus (Röding, 1798) {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
35
Polinices melanostomoides (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833) {Chuang, 1973 [Polynices melanostomoides]; Chou et al.,<br />
1994b [Polynices melancstomoides]; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010 [Polinices (Mammilla)<br />
macrostoma]}<br />
Polinices melanostomus (Gmelin, 1791) †<br />
Polinices peselephanti (Link, 1807) †<br />
Polinices powisianus (Récluz, 1844) †<br />
Polinices sebae (Récluz, 1844) †<br />
Sigatica pomatiella (Melvill, 1893) †<br />
Sinum delessertii (Récluz, 1843) {Chuang, 1973}<br />
Sinum eximium (Reeve, 1846) †<br />
Sinum haliotoideum (Linnaeus, 1758) †<br />
Sinum incisum (Reeve, 1864) †<br />
Sinum neritoideum (Gmelin, 1791) {Way & Purchon, 1981}<br />
SUPERFAMILY RISSOOIDEA<br />
FAMILY RISSOIDAE<br />
Alvania versoverana (Melvill, 1893) {Chuang, 1973 [Rissoina versoverana]; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Rissoina clathrata A. Adams, 1853 {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Rissoina gigantea (Deshayes, 1848) †<br />
Rissoina reticulata (Sowerby, 1824) †<br />
Rissoina striata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833) {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010 [Rissoina (Moerchiella)<br />
striata]}<br />
Assiminea cf. beddomeana Nevill, 1880 {Maasen, 2001}<br />
FAMILY ASSIMINEIDAE<br />
Assiminea brevicula (Pfeiffer, 1854) {Lim, 1963 [Syncera brevicula]; Chou et al., 1994b; Tan & Ng, 1988; Ng &<br />
Sivasothi, 1999 [Sphaerassiminea miniata]; Wang & Jaafar, 2007b [Sphaerassiminea miniata]; Ng et al., 2008; Ng,<br />
2009; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Assiminea philippinica Boettger, 1887 {Maasen, 2001}<br />
Assiminea cf. quadrasi von Moellendorf, 1895 {Maasen, 2001}<br />
Assiminea cf. spiralis Brandt, 1974 {Maasen, 2001}<br />
Cyclotropis cf. bedaliensis (Rensch, 1934) {Maasen, 2001}<br />
Cyclotropis scalaris (Huede, 1882) †<br />
36
FAMILY BITHYNIIDAE<br />
Digoniostoma pulchella (Benson, 1836) {Chan, 1996b [Bithynia pulchella]; Clements et al., 2006}<br />
Bithynia species {Chan, 1996b; Clements et al., 2006}<br />
FAMILY IRAVADIIDAE<br />
Iravadia bombayana (Stolizcka, 1868) {Tan & Chou, 2000}<br />
Iravadia ornata Blanford, 1867 {Tan & Chou, 2000}<br />
Iravadia quadrasi (Boettger, 1893) †<br />
Stenothyra cf. blanfordi Nevill, 1880 {Maasen, 2001}<br />
Stenothyra cf. deltae (Benson, 1836) {Maasen, 2001}<br />
Stenothyra monilifera (Benson, 1856) †<br />
Stenothyra polita (A. Adams, 1851) {Maasen, 2001}<br />
Stenothyra cf. prasongi Brandt, 1974 {Maasen, 2001}<br />
FAMILY STENOTHYRIDAE<br />
FAMILY VITRINELLIDAE<br />
Vitrinella assimilis Thiele, 1925 {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Teinostoma hidalgoana Pilsbry, 1895 {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
FAMILY TRUNCATELLIDAE<br />
Truncatella guerinii A. & J. Villa, 1841 {Tan & Chou, 2000}<br />
Lambis chiragra (Linnaeus, 1758) †<br />
SUPERFAMILY STROMBOIDEA<br />
FAMILY STROMBIDAE<br />
Lambis lambis (Linnaeus, 1758) {Tweedie, 1967; Chuang, 1973; Way & Purchon, 1981; Tan & Ng, 1988; Chou et al.,<br />
1994a; Chou et al., 1994b; Lim et al., 1994; Tan & Chou, 2000; Ng et al., 2007; Chou & Tan, 2008; Ng, 2009; Project<br />
Semakau}<br />
Strombus aratrum (Röding, 1798) {Chuang, 1973 [Strombus aurisdiane]; Way & Purchon, 1981 [Strombus<br />
aurisdianae aurisdianae]; Chou et al., 1994a; Chou et al., 1994b; Chou & Tan, 2008 [Strombus atratum]; Chim et al.,<br />
2009 [Strombus aurisdianae]}<br />
Strombus dilatatus Swainson, 1821 †<br />
37
Strombus epidromis Linnaeus, 1758 {Way & Purchon, 1981}<br />
Strombus marginatus robustus Sowerby, 1875 {Chuang, 1973 [Strombus succinctus]; Chou et al., 1994b [Strombus<br />
succinctus]; Chim et al., 2009 [Strombus (Dolomena) marginatus sowerbyorum; Strombus succinctus]}<br />
Strombus turturella (Röding, 1798) {Tweedie, 1967 [Strombus isabella]; Chuang, 1973 [Strombus isabella]; Way &<br />
Purchon, 1981 [Strombus canarium form turturella]; Tan & Ng, 1988 [Strombus canarium]; Chou et al., 1994b<br />
[Strombus canarium; Strombus isabella]; Lim et al., 1994 [Strombus canarium]; Tan & Chou, 2000 [Strombus<br />
canarium]; Ng et al., 2007 [Laevistrombus canarium]; Chim et al., 2009 [Strombus canarium; Strombus isabella]; Ng,<br />
2009 [Strombus canarium]; Project Semakau}<br />
Strombus urceus Linnaeus, 1758 {Chuang, 1973; Way & Purchon, 1981; Tan & Ng, 1988 ; Chou et al., 1994a; Chou<br />
et al., 1994b; Lim et al., 1994; Tan & Chou, 2000; Chou & Tan, 2008; Chim et al., 2009; Ng, 2009; Project Semakau}<br />
Strombus variabilis Swainson, 1820 {Way & Purchon, 1981 [Strombus variabilis variabilis]}<br />
Strombus vittatus apicatus Man in't Veld & Visser, 1993 {Chuang, 1973 [Strombus vittatus]; Chou et al., 1994b<br />
[Strombus vittatus]; Chim et al., 2009 [Strombus vittatus]; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010 [Strombus<br />
(Doxander) vittatus apicatus]; Project Semakau [Strombus vittatus]}<br />
Tibia fusus (Linnaeus, 1758) {Chuang, 1973}<br />
SUPERFAMILY TONNOIDEA<br />
FAMILY TONNIDAE<br />
Tonna dolium (Linnaeus, 1758) {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Tonna sulcosa (Born, 1778) †<br />
Phalium decussatum (Linnaeus, 1758) †<br />
FAMILY CASSIDAE<br />
Phalium glaucum (Linnaeus, 1758) {Abbott, 1968; Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994a; Chou et al., 1994b [Cassis<br />
glauca]; Tan & Chou, 2000; Chou & Tan, 2008}<br />
Semicassis bisulcata (Schubert & Wagner, 1829) †<br />
Bufonaria perelegans Beu, 1987 †<br />
FAMILY BURSIDAE<br />
Bufonaria rana (Linnaeus, 1758) {Chuang, 1973 [Bursa rana]; Way & Purchon, 1981 [Bursa rana]; Chou et al.,<br />
1994b [Bursa rana]; Tan & Chou, 2000 [Bufonaria sp.]}<br />
Distorsio anus (Linnaeus, 1758) {Chuang, 1973}<br />
Distorsio decipiens (Reeve, 1844) {Chuang, 1973}<br />
FAMILY PERSONIDAE<br />
Distorsio reticularis (Linnaeus, 1758) {Chuang, 1973 [Distorsio reticulata]}<br />
38
FAMILY RANELLIDAE<br />
Biplex perca Perry, 1811 {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Cymatium caudatum (Gmelin, 1791) {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010 [Cymatium (Ranularia)<br />
caudatum]}<br />
Cymatium cutaceum (Lamarck, 1816) †<br />
Cymatium labiosum (Wood, 1828) {Chuang, 1973 [Cymatium (Tritoniscus) labiosus]}<br />
Cymatium pfeifferianum (Reeve, 1844) †<br />
Cymatium tranquebaricum (Lamarck, 1816) {Chuang, 1973 [Cymatium transquebaricum]; Chou et al., 1994b; The<br />
Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010 [Cymatium tranquebarica]}<br />
Gyrineum bituberculare (Lamarck, 1816) †<br />
Gyrineum natator (Röding, 1798) {Chuang, 1973; Way & Purchon, 1981; Tan & Chou, 2000; The Academy <strong>of</strong><br />
Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Gyrineum gyrinum (Linnaeus, 1758) †<br />
Gyrineum lacunatum (Mighels, 1845) †<br />
Vanikoro cancellata (Lamarck, 1822) †<br />
Vanikoro gueriniana (Récluz, 1845) †<br />
Vanikoro ligata (Récluz, 1843) {Way & Purchon, 1981}<br />
Cheilea tectumsinense (Lamarck, 1822) †<br />
Sabia conica (Schumacher, 1817) †<br />
SUPERFAMILY VANIKOROIDEA<br />
FAMILY VANIKORIDAE<br />
FAMILY HIPPONICIDAE<br />
SUPERFAMILY VELUTINOIDEA<br />
FAMILY TRIVIIDAE<br />
Alaerato angulifera (Sowerby, 1859) {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Proterato angiostoma (Sowerby, 1832) {Chou et al., 1994b [Erato angistoma]}<br />
Trivia edgari Shaw, 1909 {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Trivia globosa (Sowerby, 1832) {Chuang, 1973}<br />
Trivia oryza (Lamarck, 1811) {Chuang, 1973 [Trivirostra (Trivia) oryza]; Way & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994a<br />
[Trivirostra oryza oryza]; Chou et al., 1994b; Chou & Tan, 2008 [Trivirostra oryza oryza]}<br />
39
Trivia pellucidula (Gaskoin, 1846) †<br />
Trivia rubinicolor (Gaskoin, 1836) †<br />
Serpulorbis species {Chuang, 1973}<br />
Vermetus species {Tan & Chou, 2000}<br />
SUPERFAMILY VERMETOIDEA<br />
FAMILY VERMETIDAE<br />
SUPERFAMILY XENOPHOROIDEA<br />
FAMILY XENOPHORIDAE<br />
Onustus indicus (Gmelin, 1791) {Way & Purchon, 1981 [Tugurium indicum]}<br />
Xenophora solarioides (Reeve, 1845) †<br />
Stellaria solaris (Linnaeus, 1764) {Way & Purchon, 1981 [Haliphoebus solaris]}<br />
Acrilla acuminata (Sowerby, 1844) †<br />
Acrilla minor (Sowerby, 1873) †<br />
CLADE PTENOGLOSSA<br />
SUPERFAMILY EPITONIOIDEA<br />
FAMILY EPITONIIDAE<br />
Amaea xenicima (Mevill & Standen, 1903) {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010 [Amaea (Acrilla)<br />
xenicima]}<br />
Amaea magnifica (Sowerby, 1844) †<br />
Amaea ogaitoi Masahito & Habe, 1975 {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Cirsotrema bavayi (de Boury, 1912) †<br />
Cirsotrema cloveri Brown, 2002 {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010 [Cirsotrema (Cirsotrema) clover]}<br />
Cirsotrema multiperforata (Sowerby, 1874) {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010 [Cirsotrema (Cirsotrema)<br />
multiperforata]}<br />
Cycloscala hyalina (Sowerby, 1844) †<br />
Eglisia tricarinata A. Adams & Reeve, 1850 †<br />
Epitonium bulbulum (Sowerby, 1844) {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010 [Epitonium (Epitonium)<br />
bulbulum]}<br />
40
Epitonium clementinum Grateloup, 1840 †<br />
Epitonium hayashii Habe, 1961 †<br />
Epitonium inexpertum Brown & Weil, 1999 {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Epitonium lamellosum (Lamarck, 1822) †<br />
Epitonium lineolatum (Sowerby, 1844) {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010 [Epitonium (Papyriscala)<br />
lineolatum]}<br />
Epitonium pallasi neglectum (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850) †<br />
Epitonium replicatum (Sowerby, 1844) †<br />
Epitonium sexcostum Jousseaume, 1912 {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010 [Epitonium (Epitonium)<br />
sexcostum]}<br />
Epitonium tomlini (de Boury, 1913) {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010 [Epitonium (Sodaliscala)<br />
tomlini]}<br />
Filiscala martinii (Wood, 1828) †<br />
FAMILY JANTHINIDAE<br />
Janthina exigua Lamarck, 1816 {Chuang, 1973 [Janthina globosa]}<br />
Melanella aciculata (Pease, 1861) †<br />
SUPERFAMILY EULIMOIDEA<br />
FAMILY EULIMIDAE<br />
Melanella martinii (A. Adams, 1854) {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Niso hizenensis Kuroda & Habe, 1850 †<br />
Pyramidelloides miranda (A. Adams, 1861) {Warén, 1983; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Inella maxillaris (Hinds, 1843) †<br />
Mastonia rubra Hinds, 1843 †<br />
Viriola corrugata (Hinds, 1843) †<br />
SUPERFAMILY TRIPHOROIDEA<br />
FAMILY TRIPHORIDAE<br />
FAMILY CERITHIOPSIDAE<br />
Cerithiopsis sykesii Melvill, 1896 {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b [Carithiopsis sykesii]}<br />
41
CLADE NEOGASTROPODA<br />
SUPERFAMILY BUCCINOIDEA<br />
FAMILY BUCCINIDAE<br />
Babylonia lutosa (Lamarck, 1822) {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Cantharus cecillei (Philippi, 1844) †<br />
Cantharus fumosus (Dilwyn, 1817) {Chuang, 1973; Way & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b [Pollia proteus]; Goh<br />
et al., 1999; Tan & Chou, 2000}<br />
Cantharus melanostomus (Sowerby, 1825) †<br />
Cantharus spiralis Gray, 1839 {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Cantharus undosus (Linnaeus, 1758) {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b [Pollia undosa]}<br />
Engina alveolata (Kiener, 1836) †<br />
Engina armillata (Reeve, 1846) {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b [Engina armilleta]; Tan & Chou, 2000}<br />
Engina menkeana (Dunker, 1860) {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Hindsia nivea (A. Adams, 1851) {Way & Purchon, 1981}<br />
Macron rapulum (Reeve, 1846) †<br />
Nassaria acuminata (Reeve, 1844) {Chou et al., 1994b [Nassaria suturalis]}<br />
Nassaria pusilla (Röding, 1798) {Chou et al., 1994b [Fassaria nivea]}<br />
Phos roseatus (Hinds, 1844) †<br />
Phos senticosus (Linnaeus, 1758) {Chuang, 1973; Way & Purchon, 1981}<br />
Pisania ignea (Gmelin, 1791) {Way & Purchon, 1981}<br />
Pseudoneptunea varicosa (Gmelin, 1791) †<br />
FAMILY COLUMBELLIDAE<br />
Anachis melitoma (Melvill & Standen, 1901) {Chuang, 1973 [Pyrene melitoma]; Chou et al., 1994b [Pyrene<br />
melitoma]}<br />
Euplica scripta (Lamarck, 1822) {Tweedie, 1967 [Columbella versicolor]; Chuang, 1973 [Pyrene versicolor]; Way &<br />
Purchon, 1981 [Pyrene scripta]; Chou et al., 1994b [Pyrene versicolor]}<br />
Mitrella brookei (Reeve, 1859) †<br />
Mitrella moleculina (Duclos, 1840) {Wong, 2008b}<br />
Parametaria epamella (Duclos, 1846) {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Parametaria philippinarum (Reeve, 1843) {Way & Purchon, 1981 [Pyrene philippinarum]}<br />
Pardalina testudinaria (Link, 1807) {Chuang, 1973 [Pyrene pardalina]; Way & Purchon, 1981 [Pyrene testudinaria];<br />
Chou et al., 1994b [Pyrene pardalina]}<br />
42
Pictocolumbella ocellata (Link, 1807) {Tweedie, 1967 [Columbella fulgurans]; Chuang, 1973 [Pyrene fulgurans];<br />
Way & Purchon, 1981 [Pyrene ocellata]; Chou et al., 1994b [Pyrene fulgurans]; Lim et al., 1994 [Pyrene]; Tan &<br />
Chou, 2000; Ng et al., 2007; Ng, 2009}<br />
Pseudanachis basedowi (Hedley, 1918) {Ng & Sivasothi, 1999 [Columbella duclosiana]}<br />
Pyrene flava (Bruguière, 1789) {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Pyrene punctata (Bruguière, 1789) †<br />
Zafra atrata (Gould, 1860) {Chuang, 1973 [Pyrene atrata]; Chou et al., 1994b [Pyrene atrata]}<br />
Zafra minuscula (Gould, 1860) {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Zafra sulcosa (Sowerby, 1832) {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Fusinus colus (Linnaeus, 1758) †<br />
Cyllene pulchella A. Adams & Reeve, 1850 †<br />
FAMILY FASCIOLARIIDAE<br />
FAMILY NASSARIIDAE<br />
Hebra subspinosa (Lamarck, 1822) {Way & Purchon, 1981 [Nassarius subspinosus]; Cernohorsky, 1984; The<br />
Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Nassarius arcularia (Linnaeus, 1758) {Chuang, 1973 [Nassarius arcularius]; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Nassarius bimaculosus (A. Adams, 1852) {Cernohorsky, 1984}<br />
Nassarius castus (Gould, 1850) {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Nassarius coronatus (Bruguière, 1789) {Cernohorsky, 1984}<br />
Nassarius comptus (A. Adams, 1852) {Cernohorsky, 1984}<br />
Nassarius concinnus (Powys, 1835) {Chuang, 1973 [Nassarius concinna]}<br />
Nassarius crematus (Hinds, 1844) {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010 [Nassarius (Zeuxis) crematus]}<br />
Nassarius crenoliratus (A. Adams, 1852) {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b; Tan & Chou, 2000; The Academy <strong>of</strong><br />
Natural Sciences, 1998–2010 [Nassarius (Niotha) crenoliratus]}<br />
Nassarius echinatus (A. Adams, 1852) {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Nassarius exulatus (Smith, 1911) †<br />
Nassarius festivus (Powys, 1835) {Cernohorsky, 1984; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010 [Nassarius<br />
(Niotha) festivus]}<br />
Nassarius foveolatus (Dunker, 1847) {Cernohorsky, 1984}<br />
Nassarius glans (Linnaeus, 1758) {Chuang, 1973 [Nassarius suturalis]}<br />
Nassarius globosus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833) {Cernohorsky, 1984}<br />
Nassarius harpularia (Marrat, 1877) {Ng et al., 2008}<br />
43
Nassarius hepaticus Pulteney, 1799 {Way & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Nassarius himeroessa (Mevill & Standen, 1903) {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010 [Nassarius (Niotha)<br />
himeroessa]}<br />
Nassarius jacksonianus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833) {Chuang, 1973; Way & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b; Ng &<br />
Sivasothi, 1999; Ng et al., 2008; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010 [Nassarius (Niotha) jacksonianus]}<br />
Nassarius javanus (Schepman, 1891) {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010 [Nassarius (Telasco) javanus]}<br />
Nassarius leptospirus (A. Adams, 1852) †<br />
Nassarius limnaeiformis (Dunker, 1847) {Cernohorsky, 1984}<br />
Nassarius livescens (Philippi, 1849) {Chuang, 1973 [Nassarius sordidus]; Way & Purchon, 1981; Tan & Ng, 1988 ;<br />
Chou et al., 1994b; Tan & Chou, 2000; Ng et al., 2007; Ng et al., 2008; Ng, 2009; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences,<br />
1998–2010 [Nassarius (Niotha) livescens]; Project Semakau}<br />
Nassarius luridus (Gould, 1850) {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Nassarius margaritifer (Dunker, 1847) {Cernohorsky, 1984; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010<br />
[Nassarius (Zeuxis) margaritifer]}<br />
Nassarius mitralis (A. Adams, 1852) {Chou et al., 1994b; Ng et al., 2008}<br />
Nassarius nodifer (Powys, 1835) {Cernohorsky, 1984; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010 [Nassarius<br />
(Niotha) nodiferus]}<br />
Nassarius olivaceus (Bruguière, 1789) {Chuang, 1973; Way & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b; Tan & Chou, 2000;<br />
Ng et al., 2008; Ng, 2009}<br />
Nassarius pauperus (Gould, 1850) {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Nassarius praematuratus Kuroda & Habe, 1852 {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Nassarius pullus (Linnaeus, 1758) {Tweedie, 1967 [Nassarius <strong>the</strong>rsites]; Chuang, 1973 [Nassarius <strong>the</strong>rsites]; Way &<br />
Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b [Nassarius <strong>the</strong>rsites]; Tan & Chou, 2000; Ng, 2009}<br />
Nassarius quadrasi (Hidalgo, 1904) {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010 [Nassarius (Niotha) quadrasi]}<br />
Nassarius sinusigerus (A. Adams, 1852) {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010 [Nassarius (Niotha)<br />
sinusigerus]}<br />
Nassarius siquijorensis (A. Adams, 1852) {Tweedie, 1967 [Nassarius crenulatus]}<br />
Nassarius stolatus (Gmelin, 1791) {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Nassarius succinctus (A. Adams, 1852) {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Nassarius teretiusculus (A. Adams, 1851) {Cernohorsky, 1984}<br />
Hemifusus elongatus (Lamarck, 1822) {Chan, 2009}<br />
FAMILY MELONGENIDAE<br />
Hemifusus ternatanus (Gmelin, 1791) {Chuang, 1973 [Hemifusus ternatana]; Way & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al.,<br />
1994b; Chan, 2009 [Hemifusus cariniferus; Melongena ternatanus; Pugilina ternatana]; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural<br />
Sciences, 1998–2010 [Volema (Hemifusus) ternatanus]}<br />
Pugilina cochlidium (Linnaeus, 1758) {Lim, 1963 [Melongena pugilina; Melangena pugilina]; Tweedie, 1967<br />
[Semifusus pugilina]; Chuang, 1973 [Melongena pugilina; Pugilina wardiana]; Way & Purchon, 1981 [Melongena<br />
pugilina]; Tan & Ng, 1988 [Melongena pugilina]; Chou et al., 1994b [Melingena pugilina]; Tan & Chou, 2000; Chan,<br />
44
2009 [Melongena pugilina; Pugilina wardiana; Semifusus pugilina; Volema cochlidium]; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural<br />
Sciences, 1998–2010 [Melongena pugilina]; Project Semakau}<br />
Volema myristica (Röding, 1798) {Chuang, 1973 [Melongena galeodes]; Way & Purchon, 1981 [Melongena<br />
galeodes]; Chan, 2009 [Melongena myristica; Volema galeodes; Volema paradisiaca]; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural<br />
Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
SUPERFAMILY MURICOIDEA<br />
FAMILY MURICIDAE<br />
Aspella anceps (Lamarck, 1822) {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Chicoreus axicornis (Lamarck, 1822) {Chuang, 1973 [Murex axicornis]}<br />
Chicoreus banksii (Sowerby, 1841) †<br />
Chicoreus brunneus (Link, 1807) {Tweedie, 1967 [Murex adustus]; Chuang, 1973 [Chicoreus adustus; Murex<br />
adustus; Murex brunneus]; Tan & Ng, 1988 [Chicoreus adustus]; Lim et al., 1994 [Chicoreus]; Tan & Chou, 2000<br />
[Chicoreus torrefactus]}<br />
Chicoreus capucinus (Lamarck, 1822) {Lim, 1963 [Drupa musiva]; Chuang, 1973 [Murex capucinus]; Way &<br />
Purchon, 1981 [Naquetia capucina]; Tan & Ng, 1988; Chou et al., 1994b [Murex capucinus]; Ng & Sivasothi, 1999;<br />
Tan & Chou, 2000; Ng et al., 2008; Ng, 2009 [Chicocerus capucinus]; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010<br />
[Naquetia capucina]}<br />
Chicoreus ramosus (Linnaeus, 1758) {Chuang, 1973 [Murex ramosus]; Chou et al., 1994a; Chou et al., 1994b; Chou<br />
& Tan, 2008}<br />
Chicoreus torrefactus (Sowerby, 1841) {Chuang, 1973 [Murex torrefactus]; Way & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b<br />
[Murex torrefactus]}<br />
Coralliophila rubrococcinea Melvill & Standen, 1901 {Wong, 2008c}<br />
Cronia margariticola (Broderip, 1833) {Chuang, 1973 [Drupa margariticola]; Chou et al., 1994b [Drupa<br />
margariticola]; Lim et al., 1994 [Cronia margoritirola]; Tan & Chou, 2000 [Morula margariticola]}<br />
Drupella concatenata (Lamarck, 1822) {Tan & Chou, 2000}<br />
Ergalatax contracta (Reeve, 1846) {Chuang, 1973 [Drupa contracta]; Chou et al., 1994b [Drupa contracta]; Goh et<br />
al., 1999 [Morula (Cronia) contracta]}<br />
Favartia cirrosa (Hinds, 1844) {Chuang, 1973 [Murex cirrosus]; Chou et al., 1994b [Murex cirrosus]}<br />
Favartia peasei (Tryon, 1880) {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Favartia sykesi (Preston, 1904) {Chuang, 1973 [Murex sykesi]; Chou et al., 1994b [Murex sykesi]}<br />
Lataxiena blosvillei (Deshayes, 1832) †<br />
Lataxiena fimbriata (Hinds, 1844) {Chuang, 1973 [Murex luculentus]; Chou et al., 1994b [Murex luculentus]}<br />
Mancinella echinata (Blainville, 1832) {Chuang, 1973; Way & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Mancinella echinulata (Lamarck, 1822) {Chuang, 1973 [Thais echinulata]}<br />
Mipus gyratus (Hinds, 1844) †<br />
Morula andrewsi (Smith, 1909) {Chuang, 1973 [Drupa andrewsi]}<br />
45
Morula spinosa (H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853) {Chuang, 1973 [Drupa ambusta]; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences,<br />
1998–2010 [Habromorula spinosa]}<br />
Morula musiva (Kiener, 1835) {Chuang, 1973 [Drupa musiva]; Way & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b [Drupa<br />
musiva]; Tan & Chou, 2000}<br />
Morula subnodulosa Melvill, 1893 {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Muricodrupa fiscella (Gmelin, 1791) {Chuang, 1973 [Drupa fiscella]; Way & Purchon, 1981 [Moricodrupa<br />
funiculus]}<br />
Muricodrupa stellaris (Hombron & Jaquinot, 1853) †<br />
Murex ternispina Lamarck, 1822 {Chuang, 1973 [Murex nigrispinosus]}<br />
Murex trapa Röding, 1798 {Lim, 1963 [Murex martineanus]; Chuang, 1973 [Murex martineanus]; Tan & Ng, 1988<br />
[Murex martineanus]; Chou et al., 1994a; Chou et al., 1994b [Murex martineanus]; Tan & Chou, 2000; Chou & Tan,<br />
2008}<br />
Murex troscheli Lischke, 1868 {Chuang, 1973}<br />
Orania ficula (Reeve, 1848) {Chuang, 1973 [Ocenebra zerotina]}<br />
Phyllocoma species †<br />
Phyllonotus lacinatus Sowerby, 1841 {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Pterynotus alatus (Röding, 1798) †<br />
Purpura bufo (Lamarck, 1822) †<br />
Rapana rapiformis (Born, 1778) †<br />
Semiricinula fusca (Küster, 1862) {Chuang, 1973 [Morulina fusca]; Tan & Chou, 2000}<br />
Semiricinula muricoides (Blainville, 1832) {Tan & Chou, 2000 [Thais muricoides]}<br />
Thais bitubercularis (Lamarck, 1822) {Chuang, 1973; Tan & Ng, 1988 [Thais echinulata]; Tan & Sigurdsson, 1990;<br />
Chou et al., 1994b; Lim et al., 1994; Tan & Sigurdsson, 1990 [Thais kieneri; Thais undata]; Tan & Sigurdsson, 1996a;<br />
Tan & Chou, 2000; Ng et al., 2007}<br />
Thais clavigera (Küster, 1860) {Tan & Sigurdsson, 1990; Tan & Sigurdsson, 1996a; Tan & Chou, 2000; The Academy<br />
<strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Thais gradata (Jonas, 1846) {Lim, 1963 [Thais tissoti]; Ng & Sivasothi, 1999; Ng et al., 2008}<br />
Thais javanica (Philippi, 1848) {Tan & Sigurdsson, 1996b}<br />
Thais jubilaea Tan & Sigurdsson, 1990 {Tan & Sigurdsson, 1990; Tan & Chou, 2000; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural<br />
Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Thais lacera (Born, 1778) {Chuang, 1973 [Thais carinifera]; Tan & Ng, 1988 [Thais carinifera]; Chou et al., 1994b<br />
[Thais carinifera]}<br />
Thais malayensis Tan & Sigurdsson, 1996 {Tan & Sigurdsson, 1996b; Ng et al., 2008}<br />
Thais rufotincta Tan & Sigurdsson, 1996 {Chuang, 1973 [Thais tissoti]; Way & Purchon, 1981 [Thais tissoti]; Chou<br />
et al., 1994b [Thais tissoti]; Tan & Sigurdsson, 1996a; Tan & Chou, 2000}<br />
Thais sacellum (Gmelin, 1791) {Chuang, 1973 [Thais rugosa]; Chou et al., 1994b [Thais rugosa]}<br />
Vitularia miliaris (Gmelin, 1791) {Chou et al., 1994b [Vitularia crenifera]}<br />
46
FAMILY COSTELLARIIDAE<br />
Vexillum balteolatum (Reeve, 1844) {Chuang, 1973 [Mitra balteolatum]}<br />
Vexillum coccineum (Reeve, 1844) {Chuang, 1973 [Vexillum ornatum coccineum]}<br />
Vexillum costellarum (Lamarck, 1811) {Way & Purchon, 1981}<br />
Vexillum curviliratum (Sowerby, 1874) †<br />
Vexillum echinatum (A. Adams, 1853) †<br />
Vexillum gruneri (Reeve, 1844) †<br />
Vexillum ligatum (A. Adams, 1853) {Chuang, 1973 [Mitra ligata]; Chou et al., 1994b [Mitra ligata]}<br />
Vexillum vulpeculum (Linnaeus, 1758) {Chou et al., 1994b [Mitra melongena]}<br />
Vexillum subdivisum (Gmelin, 1791) {Way & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences,<br />
1998–2010 [Vexillum (Vexillum) subdivisum]}<br />
Vexillum taeniatum (Lamarck, 1811) {Chuang, 1973}<br />
FAMILY HARPIDAE<br />
Harpa major Röding, 1798 {Chou et al., 1994a; Chou et al., 1994b; Chou & Tan, 2008}<br />
FAMILY MARGINELLIDAE<br />
Cryptospira glauca (Jousseaume 1875) {Lipe, 1991; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Cryptospira strigata (Dillwyn, 1817) {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Cryptospira tricincta Hinds, 1844 {Abbott & Dance, 1982 [Marginella tricincta]}<br />
Cryptospira ventricosa (Fischer, 1807) {Chuang, 1973 [Marginella ventricosa]; Way & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al.,<br />
1994b [Marginella ventricosa]; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
FAMILY MITRIDAE<br />
Cancilla filiaris (Linnaeus, 1771) {Chuang, 1973 [Mitra (Tiara) filiaris}<br />
Cancilla granatina (Lamarck, 1811) †<br />
Mitra ambigua Swainson, 1829 {Chuang, 1973 [Chrysame ambigua]}<br />
Mitra fraga Quoy & Gaimard, 1833 {Chuang, 1973 [Mitra peregra]; Way & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b<br />
[Mitra peregra]}<br />
Mitra mitra (Linnaeus, 1758) {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Mitra proscissa Reeve, 1844 {Chuang, 1973; Way & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b [Mitra prosaissa]}<br />
Mitra puncticulata Lamarck, 1811 {Chuang, 1973 [Mitra (Nebularia) puncticulata]}<br />
Mitra rosacea Reeve, 1845 †<br />
47
Mitra scutulata (Gmelin, 1791) {Way & Purchon, 1981}<br />
Mitra stictica (Link, 1807) {Way & Purchon, 1981}<br />
Neocancilla circula (Kiener, 1838) {Chuang, 1973 [Mitra circula]}<br />
Pterygia dactylus (Linnaeus, 1767) {Way & Purchon, 1981}<br />
Pterygia undulosa (Reeve, 1844) {Chuang, 1973 [Mitra undulosa]}<br />
Subcancilla interlirata (Reeve, 1844) †<br />
Ziba insculpta (A. Adams, 1853) †<br />
FAMILY VOLUTIDAE<br />
Cymbiola nobilis (Lightfoot, 1786) {Tweedie, 1967 [Aulica scapha]; Chuang, 1973 [Volutocorona nobilis]; Way &<br />
Purchon, 1981; Abbott & Dance, 1982; Chou et al., 1994a; Chou et al., 1994b [Voluta scapha]; Lim et al., 1994 [Voluta<br />
nobilis]; Tan & Chou, 2000 [Voluta nobilis]; Lee, 2003; Ng et al., 2007 [Voluta nobilis]; Wang & Jaafar, 2007a; Chou<br />
& Tan, 2008; Ng, 2009; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010; Project Semakau}<br />
Melo broderipii (Griffith & Pidgeon, 1834) {Tan & Chan, 2008}<br />
Melo melo (Lightfoot, 1786) {Tweedie, 1967 [Cymbium melo]; Chuang, 1973; Way & Purchon, 1981; Tan & Ng, 1988<br />
[Cymbium melo]; Chou et al., 1994a; Chou et al., 1994b; Tan & Chou, 2000; Ng et al., 2007; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural<br />
Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Oliva irisans Lamarck, 1811 {Chuang, 1973}<br />
SUPERFAMILY OLIVOIDEA<br />
FAMILY OLIVIDAE<br />
Oliva lignaria Marrat, 1868 {Chuang, 1973 [Oliva episcopalis]}<br />
Oliva miniacea Röding, 1798 {Chou et al., 1994a [Oliva sericea]; Chou et al., 1994b [Oliva sericea]; Chou & Tan,<br />
2008 [Oliva sericea]}<br />
Oliva mustelina Lamarck, 1811 {Chuang, 1973}<br />
Oliva oliva (Linnaeus, 1758) {Chuang, 1973 [Oliva ispidula]<br />
Oliva reticulata Röding, 1798 {Chuang, 1973 [Oliva sanguinolenta]}<br />
Oliva sidelia Duclos, 1835 †<br />
Oliva tigridella Duclos, 1835 †<br />
Olivella plana (Marrat, 1871) †<br />
SUPERFAMILY CONOIDEA<br />
FAMILY CONIDAE<br />
Conus achatinus Gmelin, 1791 {Chuang, 1973; Way & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
48
Conus aulicus Linnaeus, 1758 {Tan & Chou, 2000}<br />
Conus capitaneus Linnaeus, 1758 {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Conus caracteristicus Fischer von Waldheim, 1807 {Chou et al., 1994b [Conus characteristicus]; The Academy <strong>of</strong><br />
Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Conus consors Sowerby, 1833 {Chuang, 1973; Tan & Ng, 1988; Chou et al., 1994a; Chou et al., 1994b; Chou & Tan,<br />
2008}<br />
Conus coronatus Gmelin, 1791 {Chuang, 1973}<br />
Conus generalis Linnaeus, 1767 {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Conus geographus Linnaeus, 1758 {Tan & Ng, 1988; Tan & Chou, 2000}<br />
Conus glans Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Conus gubernator Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Conus hyaena Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Conus magus Linnaeus, 1758 {Chuang, 1973; Way & Purchon, 1981}<br />
Conus marmoreus Linnaeus, 1758 {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Conus mustelinus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Conus planorbis Born, 1778 {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Conus recluzianus Bernardi, 1853 {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Conus striatus Linnaeus, 1758 {Ng et al., 2007}<br />
Conus sulcatus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 {Way & Purchon, 1981}<br />
Conus tessulatus Born, 1778 {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Conus textile Linnaeus, 1758 {Tweedie, 1967; Chuang, 1973; Way & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994a; Chou et al.,<br />
1994b; Yeo & Wang, 2008; Chou & Tan, 2008}<br />
Conus virgo Linnaeus, 1758 {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Conus zeylandicus Gmelin, 1791 {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Gymnobela fulvocincta (Dautzenberg and Fischer, 1896) {Chou et al., 1994b [Cythara fulvocinata]}<br />
FAMILY TEREBRIDAE<br />
Duplicaria duplicata (Linnaeus, 1758) {Chuang, 1973 [Terebra duplicata]; Way & Purchon, 1981 [Terebra<br />
duplicata]; Chou et al., 1994b [Terebra duplicata]}<br />
Hastula anomala (Gray, 1834) {Bratcher & Cernohorsky, 1987}<br />
Hastula bacillus (Deshayes, 1859) {Bratcher & Cernohorsky, 1987}<br />
Terebra anilis (Röding, 1798) †<br />
Terebra commaculata (Gmelin, 1791) †<br />
49
Brachytoma tuberosa (Smith, 1875) {Chuang, 1973}<br />
FAMILY TURRIDAE<br />
Epidirona multiseriata (Smith, 1877) {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Eucithara celebensis (Hinds, 1843) †<br />
Gemmula cosmoi (Sykes, 1930) {Chuang, 1973}<br />
Gemmula deshayesii (Doumet, 1839) †<br />
Inquisitor intertincta (Smith, 1877) †<br />
Inquisitor kurodai (Habe & Kosuge, 1966) †<br />
Lienardia rubida (Hinds, 1844) †<br />
Lophiotoma acuta (Perry, 1811) {Chuang, 1973 [Turris acuta]; Way & Purchon, 1981; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural<br />
Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Lophiotoma leucotropis (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850) {Chuang, 1973 [Turris leucotropis]}<br />
Lophioturris polytropa (Helbling, 1779) {Chuang, 1973 [Turris polytropa]}<br />
Pseudodaphnella granicostata (Reeve, 1846) {Chou et al., 1994b [Hemilienardia granicostata]}<br />
Ptychobela suturalis (Gray, 1838) {Way & Purchon, 1981 [Inquisitor suturalis]; The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences,<br />
1998–2010}<br />
Thelycytharella vitrea (Reeve, 1845) {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Turricula javana (Linnaeus, 1767) †<br />
Cancellaria asperella Lamarck, 1822 †<br />
SUPERFAMILY CANCELLARIOIDEA<br />
FAMILY CANCELLARIIDAE<br />
Cancellaria elegans Sowerby, 1822 {Chuang, 1973 [Aphera reeveana]}<br />
Fusiaphera macrospira (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850) †<br />
Scalptia verreauxii (Kiener, 1841) †<br />
Trigonostoma antiquata (Hinds, 1843) †<br />
Trigonostoma bicolor (Hinds, 1843) {Chuang, 1973 [Trigonaphera bicolor]}<br />
Trigonostoma lamellosa (Hinds, 1843) †<br />
Trigonostoma scalariformis (Lamarck, 1822) {Chuang, 1973 [Trigonaphera bocageana]}<br />
Trigonostoma scalarina (Lamarck, 1822) †<br />
50
Acteon kirai Habe, 1949 †<br />
CLADE HETEROBRANCHIA<br />
SUPERFAMILY ACTEONOIDEA<br />
FAMILY ACTEONIDAE<br />
Pupa nitidula (Lamarck, 1822) {Pilsbry, 1893 [Solidula nitidula]}<br />
Pupa solidula (Linnaeus, 1758) {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Pupa sulcata (Gmelin, 1791) {Pilsbry, 1893 [Solidula sulcata]}<br />
FAMILY HYDATINIDAE<br />
Hydatina albocincta (van der Hoeven, 1839) {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b [Hydatina albocinata]}<br />
Hydatina zonata (Solander in Lightfoot, 1786) {Chuang, 1973 [Hydatina velum]; Chou et al., 1994b [Hydatina<br />
velum]}<br />
SUPERFAMILY ARCHITECTONICOIDEA<br />
FAMILY ARCHITECTONICIDAE<br />
Architectonica perdix (Hinds, 1844) {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Architectonica perspectiva (Linnaeus, 1758) {Way & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994a; Chou et al., 1994b; Chou &<br />
Tan, 2008}<br />
Heliacus caelatus (Hinds, 1844) {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010 [Heliacus (Torinista) caelatus]}<br />
Heliacus costatus (Schepman, 1909) {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010 [Heliacus (Torinista) costatus]}<br />
Heliacus stramineus (Gmelin, 1791) †<br />
SUPERFAMILY PYRAMIDELLOIDEA<br />
FAMILY PYRAMIDELLIDAE<br />
Odostomia antelia Melvill, 1896 {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Odostomia cincta de Folin & Perier, 1879 {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Otopleura auriscati (Dillwyn, 1817) {Chuang, 1973 [Pyramidella auris-catae]; Chou et al., 1994b [Pyramidella<br />
auriscatae]}<br />
Pyramidella dolabrata (Linnaeus, 1758) †<br />
Pyramidella ventricosa Guerin, 1831 {Chuang, 1973; Way & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Syrnola eminuta de Folin & Perier, 1879 {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010 [Syrnola (Stylopsis)<br />
eminuta]}<br />
51
Tropaeas subulata (A. Adams, 1855) {Chuang, 1973 [Tropeas subulata]; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Turbonilla archeri Dall & Bartsch, 1904 {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Turbonilla laminedentata de Folin & Perier, 1879 {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Turbonilla martensi Clessin, 1901 {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010 [Turbonilla (Dunkeria) martensi]}<br />
Amathina tricarinata (Linnaeus, 1767) †<br />
Ringicula acuta Philippi, 1849 {Pilsbry, 1893}<br />
Ringicula folini Morelet, 1878 {Pilsbry, 1893}<br />
Ringicula grandinosa Hinds, 1844 {Chuang, 1973}<br />
FAMILY AMATHINIDAE<br />
SUPERFAMILY RINGICULOIDEA<br />
FAMILY RINGICULIDAE<br />
Ringicula propinquans Hinds, 1844 {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Bulla ampulla Linnaeus, 1758 {Chuang, 1973}<br />
CLADE CEPHALASPIDEA<br />
SUPERFAMILY BULLOIDEA<br />
FAMILY BULLIDAE<br />
SUPERFAMILY HAMINOEOIDEA<br />
FAMILY HAMINOEIDAE<br />
Atys cylindrica (Helbling, 1779) {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b [Atys cylindricus]}<br />
Atys naucum (Linnaeus, 1758) {Pilsbry, 1893; Chuang, 1973}<br />
Atys tortuosa Reeve, 1878 {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Haminoea galba Pease, 1861 {Chou et al., 1994b [Haminea galba]}<br />
Haminoea tenera (A. Adams, 1850) {Chuang, 1973 [Haminea tenera]; Chou et al., 1994b [Haminea tenera]}<br />
52
Philine orientalis A. Adams, 1854 †<br />
Chelidonura pallida Risbec, 1951 {Ng, 2009}<br />
Philinopsis cf. pilsbryi (Eliot, 1900) †<br />
Philinopsis reticulata (Eliot, 1903) †<br />
SUPERFAMILY PHILINOIDEA<br />
FAMILY PHILINIDAE<br />
FAMILY AGLAJIDAE<br />
FAMILY CYLICHNIDAE<br />
Acteocina capitata (Pilsbry, 1893) {Pilsbry, 1893 [Tornatina capitata]; Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b [Acteocina<br />
capitate]}<br />
Acteocina <strong>singapore</strong>nsis (Pilsbry, 1893) {Pilsbry, 1893 [Tornatina <strong>singapore</strong>nsis]}<br />
Cylichna bizona A. Adams, 1850 {Pilsbry, 1893; Chou et al., 1994b [Cyclichna bizona]}<br />
Cylichna cylindracea (Pennant, 1777) {Chou et al., 1994b [Cyclichna cylindracea]}<br />
Pyrunculus species †<br />
FAMILY RETUSIDAE<br />
Retusa pellyi (Smith, 1872) {Chuang, 1973 [Pyrunculus pellyi]; Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Volvulella acuminata (Bruguière, 1792) {Chuang, 1973 [Volvula acuminata]; Chou et al., 1994b [Volvula<br />
acuminata]}<br />
CLADE THECOSOMATA<br />
SUPERFAMILY CAVOLINIOIDEA<br />
FAMILY CAVOLINIIDAE<br />
Cavolinia longirostris (Blainville, 1821) {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
53
Aplysia cornigera Sowerby, 1869 {Way & Purchon, 1981}<br />
CLADE APLYSIOMORPHA<br />
SUPERFAMILY APLYSIOIDEA<br />
FAMILY APLYSIIDAE<br />
Aplysia dactylomela Rang, 1828 {Chou et al., 1994b [Aplysis dactylomela]}<br />
Aplysia extraordinaria (Allan, 1932) †<br />
Aplysia kurodai Baba, 1937 {Way & Purchon, 1981}<br />
Bursatella leachii de Blainville, 1817 {Way & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b; Ng et al., 2007 [Bursatella sp.]}<br />
Dolabella auricularia (Lightfoot, 1786) {Chou et al., 1994b [Dolabella auricula]}<br />
Placobranchus virgatus Bergh, 1888 {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Stylocheilus species †<br />
Syphonota geographica (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850) {Ng et al., 2007}<br />
Elysia grandifolia Kelaart, 1858 {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Elysia ornata (Swainson, 1840) {Lee, 2003; Jensen, 2009}<br />
Elysia cf. verrucosa Jensen, 1985 {Jensen, 2009}<br />
Elysiella pusilla Bergh, 1872 {Jensen, 2009}<br />
CLADE SACOGLOSSA<br />
SUPERFAMILY ELYSIOIDEA<br />
FAMILY ELYSIIDAE<br />
Thuridilla gracilis (Risbec, 1928) {Yeo & Wang, 2008 [Thuridilla bayeri]}<br />
Thuridilla ratna (Marcus, 1965) {Jensen, 2009}<br />
SUPERFAMILY OXYNOOIDEA<br />
FAMILY VOLVATELLIDAE<br />
Volvatella vigourouxi (Montrouzier in Souverbie, 1861) {Jensen, 2009}<br />
Volvatella species {Jensen, 2009}<br />
54
Costasiella kuroshimae Ichikawa, 1993 {Jensen, 2009}<br />
Costasiella paweli Ichikawa, 1993 {Jensen, 2009}<br />
Costasiella usagi Ichikawa, 1993 {Jensen, 2009}<br />
Placida daguilarensis Jensen, 1990 {Jensen, 2009}<br />
Placida dendritica (Alder & Hancock, 1843) †<br />
Stiliger smaragdinus Baba, 1949 {Jensen, 2009}<br />
Lobifera species {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Polybranchia orientalis (Kelaart, 1858) †<br />
Pleurobranchus forskalii (Ruppell & Leuckart, 1828) †<br />
SUPERFAMILY LIMAPONTIOIDEA<br />
FAMILY LIMAPONTIIDAE<br />
FAMILY CALLIPHYLIDAE<br />
CLADE NUDIPLEURA<br />
SUPERFAMILY PLEUROBRANCHOIDEA<br />
FAMILY PLEUROBRANCHIDAE<br />
CLADE EUCTENIDIACEA<br />
SUPERFAMILY DORIDOIDEA<br />
FAMILY DORIDIDAE<br />
Actinocyclus japonica (Eliot, 1913) {Sachidhanandam et al., 2000}<br />
Actinocyclus cf. papillatus (Bergh, 1878) †<br />
Actinocyclus verrucosus Ehrenberg, 1831 {Chou et al., 1994b [Actinocyclus japonicus]}<br />
Asteronotus cespitosus (van Hasselt, 1824) {Ng, 2009}<br />
Atagema intecta (Kelaart, 1858) {Ng, 2009; Project Semakau}<br />
Atagema spongiosa (Kelaart, 1858) †<br />
Hoplodoris nodulosa (Angas, 1864) †<br />
55
Jorunna funebris Kelaart, 1858 {Tan & Ng, 1988; Lim et al., 1994; Sachidhanandam et al., 2000; Lee, 2003; Ng et<br />
al., 2007; Wang & Jaafar, 2007a; Yeo & Wang, 2008; Ng, 2009 [Jorruna funebris]; Project Semakau}<br />
Platydoris flammulata Bergh, 1905 {Chou et al., 1994b; Sachidhanandam et al., 2000}<br />
Platydoris scabra (Cuvier, 1804) {Chou et al., 1994b [Platydoris sibogae]; Sachidhanandam et al., 2000; Ng, 2009;<br />
Project Semakau}<br />
Rostanga bifurcata Rudman, 1989 {Chou et al., 1994b [Rostanga arbutus]; Sachidhanandam et al., 2000}<br />
Rostanga species {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Sebadoris nubilosa (Pease, 1871) {Project Semakau}<br />
FAMILY CHROMODORIDIDAE<br />
Cadlinella ornatissima Risbec, 1928 {Chou et al., 1994b; Sachidhanandam et al., 2000}<br />
Ceratosoma gracillimum Bergh, 1876 {Sachidhanandam et al., 2000; Lee, 2003; Ng, 2009}<br />
Ceratosoma sinuatum (van Hasselt, 1824) {Ng et al., 2007; Wang & Jaafar, 2007a; Ng, 2009; Project Semakau}<br />
Ceratosoma trilobatum (Gray, 1827) {Chou et al., 1994b [Ceratosoma cornigerum]; Ng, 2009}<br />
Chromodoris coi (Risbec, 1956) †<br />
Chromodoris elisabethina Bergh, 1877 {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Chromodoris fidelis (Kelaart, 1858) {Chou et al., 1994b [Glossodoris fidelis]; Sachidhanandam et al., 2000; Ng,<br />
2009}<br />
Chromodoris lineolata Hasselt, 1824 {Sachidhanandam et al., 2000; Ng et al, 2007; Ng, 2009; Project Semakau}<br />
Chromodoris orientalis Rudman, 1983 †<br />
Chromodoris quadricolor (Ruppell & Leuckart, 1828) {Chou et al., 1994b [Glossodoris quadricolor]}<br />
Chromodoris sinensis Rudman, 1985 {Chou et al., 1994b [Glossodoris marginata]; Sachidhanandam et al., 2000}<br />
Chromodoris striatella Bergh, 1877 {Chou et al., 1994b [Glossodoris lineolata]; Sachidhanandam et al., 2000}<br />
Chromodoris tumulifera Collingwood, 1881 {Chou et al., 1994b [Glossodoris pallescens]; Sachidhanandam et al.,<br />
2000}<br />
Glossodoris atromarginata (Cuvier, 1804) {Chou et al., 1994b [Casella atromarginata]; Sachidhanandam et al., 2000;<br />
Lee, 2003; Ng et al., 2007; Wang & Jaafar, 2007a; Ng, 2009; Project Semakau}<br />
Glossodoris cincta (Bergh, 1888) †<br />
Glossodoris misakinosibogae Baba, 1988 {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Glossodoris pallida (Ruppell & Leuckart, 1828) †<br />
Glossodoris rufomarginata (Bergh, 1890) †<br />
Hypselodoris bullockii Collingwood, 1881 {Chou et al., 1994b [Glossodoris sibogae]; Sachidhanandam et al., 2000;<br />
Ng, 2009}<br />
Hypselodoris emma Rudman, 1977 †<br />
Hypselodoris infucata (Ruppell & Leuckart, 1830) †<br />
56
Hypselodoris kanga Rudman, 1977 {Ng et al., 2007}<br />
Hypselodoris placida (Baba, 1949) {Chou et al., 1994b [Glossodoris placida]; Sachidhanandam et al., 2000}<br />
Mexichromis multituberculata (Baba, 1953) †<br />
Pectenodoris trilineata (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850) {Chou et al., 1994b [Glossodoris virgata]; Sachidhanandam et al.,<br />
2000}<br />
FAMILY DISCODORIDIDAE<br />
Discodoris boholiensis Bergh, 1877 {Chou et al., 1994b; Sachidhanandam et al., 2000; Ng et al., 2007; Wang & Jaafar,<br />
2007a; Ng, 2009; Project Semakau}<br />
Discodoris fragilis (Alder & Hancock, 1864) {Chou et al., 1994b [Discodoris concinna]; Sachidhanandam et al.,<br />
2000}<br />
Discodoris lilacina (Gould, 1852) †<br />
Discodoris cf. palma Allan, 1933 {Sachidhanandam et al., 2000}<br />
Doriopsis granulosa Pease, 1860 {Chou et al., 1994b [Ctenodoris aurantiaca]; Sachidhanandam et al., 2000}<br />
Thordisa villosa (Alder & Hancock, 1864) †<br />
SUPERFAMILY PHYLLIDIOIDEA<br />
FAMILY PHYLLIDIIDAE<br />
Phyllidia elegans Bergh, 1869 {Chou et al., 1994b; Sachidhanandam et al., 2000; Ng, 2009}<br />
Phyllidia ocellata Cuvier, 1804 {Chou et al., 1994b [Phyllidia aponica}; Sachidhanandam et al., 2000; Lee, 2003; Yeo<br />
& Wang, 2008; Ng, 2009}<br />
Phyllidia varicosa Lamarck, 1801 {Chou et al., 1994b; Sachidhanandam et al., 2000; Ng, 2009}<br />
Phyllidiella nigra (Hasselt, 1824) {Chou et al., 1994b [Phyllidia sereni]; Sachidhanandam et al., 2000; Ng, 2009;<br />
Project Semakau}<br />
Phyllidiella pustulosa (Cuvier, 1804) {Chou et al., 1994b [Phyllidiella rotunda]; Sachidhanandam et al., 2000; Lee,<br />
2003; Ng, 2009; Project Semakau}<br />
Phyllidiopsis loricata (Bergh, 1873) {Chou et al., 1994b [Phyllidia loricata]; Sachidhanandam et al., 2000}<br />
FAMILY DENDRODORIDIDAE<br />
Dendrodoris denisoni (Angas, 1864) {Chou et al., 1994b [Dendrodoris gemmacea]; Sachidhanandam et al., 2000; Ng<br />
et al., 2007; Ng, 2009; Project Semakau}<br />
Dendrodoris elongata Baba, 1936 {Chou et al., 1994b [Dendrodoris albobrunnea]; Sachidhanandam et al., 2000}<br />
Dendrodoris fumata (Rüppell & Leukart, 1831) {Chou et al., 1994b [Dendrodoris erubescens]; Sachidhanandam et<br />
al., 2000}<br />
Dendrodoris kranjiensis Lim & Chou, 1970 {Chou et al., 1994b; Sachidhanandam et al., 2000; The Academy <strong>of</strong><br />
Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
57
Dendrodoris <strong>singapore</strong>nsis Lim & Chou, 1970 {Chou et al., 1994b; Sachidhanandam et al., 2000; The Academy <strong>of</strong><br />
Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Dendrodoris rubra (Kelaart, 1858) {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Dendrodoris tuberculosa (Quoy & Gaimard, 1832) {Ng, 2009; Project Semakau}<br />
Goniodoridella savignyi Pruvot-Fol, 1933 †<br />
Okenia purpurata Rudman, 2004 †<br />
SUPERFAMILY ONCHIDORIDOIDEA<br />
FAMILY GONIODORIDIDAE<br />
Murphydoris <strong>singapore</strong>nsis Sigurdsson, 1991 {Sigurdsson, 1991; Sachidhanandam et al., 2000}<br />
Kalinga ornata Alder & Hancock, 1864 †<br />
Plocamopherus ceylonicus (Kelaart, 1858) †<br />
Tambja species {Ng, 2009}<br />
Thecacera species †<br />
SUPERFAMILY POLYCEROIDEA<br />
FAMILY POLYCERIDAE<br />
FAMILY GYMNODORIDIDAE<br />
Gymnodoris alba Bergh, 1877 {Chou et al., 1994b; Sachidhanandam et al., 2000; Ng, 2009}<br />
Gymnodoris ceylonica (Kelaart, 1858) {Chou et al., 1994b; Sachidhanandam et al., 2000}<br />
Gymnodoris citrina Bergh, 1877 {Chou et al., 1994b [Gymnodoris citina]; Sachidhanandam et al., 2000}<br />
Gymnodoris inornata Bergh, 1880 †<br />
Gymnodoris rubropapulosa Bergh, 1905 {Chou et al., 1994b; Sachidhanandam et al., 2000; Lee, 2003; Ng et al., 2007;<br />
Ng, 2009; Project Semakau}<br />
Doto species 1 †<br />
Doto species 2 †<br />
CLADE CLADOBRANCHIA<br />
FAMILY DOTIDAE<br />
58
Janolus species †<br />
Armina babai (Tchang, 1934) †<br />
FAMILY PROCTONOTIDAE<br />
SUPERFAMILY ARMINOIDEA<br />
FAMILY ARMINIDAE<br />
Armina carneola Lim & Chou, 1970 {Chou et al., 1994b [Arminia carneola]; Sachidhanandam et al., 2000}<br />
Armina semperi (Bergh, 1861) {Ng et al., 2007}<br />
Dermatobranchus albus (Eliot, 1904) †<br />
Dermatobranchus ornatus (Bergh, 1874) {Chou et al., 1994b; Sachidhanandam et al., 2000}<br />
Dermatobranchus species †<br />
Tritonia bollandi Smith & Gosliner, 2003 †<br />
Tritonia species {Goh et al., 1999}<br />
Bornella anguilla Johnson, 1984 {Ng, 2009}<br />
SUPERFAMILY TRITONIOIDEA<br />
FAMILY TRITONIIDAE<br />
FAMILY BORNELLIDAE<br />
Bornella stellifer (A. Adams & Reeve in A. Adams, 1848) {Chou et al., 1994b [Bornella digitata]; Sachidhanandam<br />
et al., 2000; Ng et al., 2007; Project Semakau}<br />
Bornella species †<br />
Lomanotus vermiformis Eliot, 1908 †<br />
Crosslandia daedali Poorman & Mulliner, 1981 †<br />
Notobryon species †<br />
FAMILY LOMANOTIDAE<br />
FAMILY SCYLLAEIDAE<br />
59
FAMILY TETHYDIDAE<br />
Melibe pilosa Pease, 1860 {Chou et al., 1994 [Melibe vexillifera]; Sachidhanandam et al., 2000}<br />
Melibe viridis Kelaart, 1858 †<br />
Flabellina rubrolineata (O'Donoghue, 1929) †<br />
SUPERFAMILY FLABELLINOIDEA<br />
FAMILY FLABELLINIDAE<br />
SUPERFAMILY FIONOIDEA<br />
FAMILY TERGIPEDIDAE<br />
Cuthona sibogae (Bergh, 1905) {Lee, 2003; Ng et al., 2007; Ng, 2009}<br />
Phestilla melanobrachia Bergh, 1874 {Chou et al., 1994b; Sachidhanandam et al., 2000}<br />
Subcuthona species {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Cerberilla asamusiensis Baba, 1940 †<br />
Cratena lineata (Eliot, 1905) †<br />
Cratena species †<br />
Favorinus mirabilis Baba, 1955 †<br />
Phidiana militaris (Alder & Hancock, 1864) †<br />
Phyllodesmium briareum (Bergh, 1896) {Ng, 2009}<br />
Phyllodesmium magnum Rudman, 1991 †<br />
SUPERFAMILY AEOLIDIOIDEA<br />
FAMILY AEOLIDIIDAE<br />
FAMILY FACELINIDAE<br />
Pteraeolidia ianthina (Angas, 1864) {Chou et al., 1994 [Pteraeolidia semperi]; Sachidhanandam et al., 2000; Lee,<br />
2003; Ng et al., 2007; Yeo & Wang, 2008; Ng, 2009}<br />
Sakuraeolis nungunoides Rudman, 1980 †<br />
Glaucus species {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
FAMILY GLAUCIDAE<br />
60
CLADE BASOMMATOPHORA<br />
SUPERFAMILY AMPHIBOLOIDEA<br />
FAMILY AMPHIBOLIDAE<br />
Salinator burmana (Blandford, 1867) {Maasen, 2001 [Salinator fragilis]}<br />
SUPERFAMILY SIPHONARIOIDEA<br />
FAMILY SIPHONARIIDAE<br />
Siphonaria atra Quoy & Gaimard, 1833 {Chuang, 1973; Way & Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b; Tan & Chou,<br />
2000}<br />
Siphonaria guamensis Quoy & Gaimard, 1833 {Tan & Chou, 2000; Goh et al., 2002; Ng, 2009; Project Semakau}<br />
Siphonaria javanica (Lamarck, 1819) {Chuang, 1973 [Siphonaria exigua]; Way & Purchon, 1981 [Siphonaria<br />
laciniosa var. exigua]; Chou et al., 1994b [Siphonaria exigua]; Tan & Chou, 2000}<br />
Siphonaria laciniosa (Linnaeus, 1758) {Chuang, 1973 [Siphonaria sipho]; Chou et al., 1994b [Siphonaria sipho]; The<br />
Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
Williamia tomlini Robson, 1913 {The Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, 1998–2010}<br />
SUPERFAMILY LYMNAEOIDEA<br />
FAMILY LYMNAEIDAE<br />
Lymnaea auricularia (Linnaeus, 1758) {Ng, 1991 [Lymnaea rubiginosa]; Chou et al., 1994b [Lymnaea doveri];<br />
Maasen, 2001 [Lymnaea auricularia rubiginosa]; Clements et al., 2006 [Lymnaea rubiginosa]}<br />
Lymnaea viridis Quoy & Gaimard, 1832 {Clements et al., 2006}<br />
SUPERFAMILY PLANORBOIDEA<br />
FAMILY ANCYLIDAE<br />
Gundlachia species {Chan, 1996d [Ferrissia javana]; Maasen, 2001 [Laevaplex javana]; Clements et al., 2006}<br />
FAMILY PLANORBIDAE<br />
Amerianna carinata (H. Adams, 1861) {Clements et al., 2006}<br />
Gyraulus bakeri Brandt, 1974 †<br />
Gyraulus convexiusculus (Hutton, 1849) {Ng, 1991; Clements et al., 2006}<br />
Indoplanorbis exustus (Deshayes, 1834) {Ng, 1991; Chou et al., 1994b; Maasen, 2001; Clements et al., 2006}<br />
61
Physastra sumatrana (von Martens, 1897) {Clements et al., 2006}<br />
Segmentina species †<br />
Stenophysa spathidophallus Taylor, 2003 {Taylor, 2003}<br />
FAMILY PHYSIDAE<br />
CLADE EUPULMONATA<br />
SUPERFAMILY ELLOBIOIDEA<br />
FAMILY ELLOBIIDAE<br />
Auriculastra brachyspira (Möllendorff, 1895) {Maasen, 2001; Raven & Vermeulen, 2007}<br />
Auriculastra duplicata (Pfeiffer, 1854) {Maasen, 2001; Raven & Vermeulen, 2007}<br />
Auriculastra oparica (H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854) {Raven & Vermeulen, 2007}<br />
Auriculastra semiplicata (H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854) {Maasen, 2001; Raven & Vermeulen, 2007}<br />
Auriculastra siamensis (Brandt, 1974) {Maasen, 2001 [Cylindrotis siamensis]; Raven & Vermeulen, 2007}<br />
Auriculastra subula (Quoy & Gaimard, 1832) {Maasen, 2001; Raven & Vermeulen, 2007}<br />
Blauneria quadrasi Möllendorff in Quadras & Möllendorff, 1895 {Chuang, 1973 [Cassidulina quadrasi]; Chou et<br />
al., 1994b [Cassidula quadrasi]; Maasen, 2001 [Cylindrotis quadrasi]; Raven & Vermeulen, 2007}<br />
Cassidula aurisfelis (Bruguière, 1792) {Lim, 1963 [Cassidula sp.]; Chuang, 1973 [Cassidulina aurisfelis]; Way &<br />
Purchon, 1981; Tan & Chou, 2000; Maasen, 2001; Raven & Vermeulen, 2007; Ng et al., 2008}<br />
Cassidula doliolum (Petit de la Saussaye, 1843) {Chuang, 1973 [Cassidulina doliolum]}<br />
Cassidula nucleus (Gmelin, 1791) {Chuang, 1973 [Cassidulina mustelina]; Chou et al., 1994b [Cassidula mustelina];<br />
Tan & Chou, 2000 [Cassidula mustelina]; Maasen, 2001 [Cassidula mustelina]; Raven & Vermeulen, 2007; Ng et al.,<br />
2008; Ng, 2009 [Cassidula mustelina]}<br />
Cassidula sowerbyana (Pfeiffer in Menke & Pfeiffer, 1853) {Maasen, 2001; Raven & Vermeulen, 2007}<br />
Cassidula vespertilionis (Lesson, 1831) {Maasen, 2001 [Cassidula bensoni; Cassidula multiplicata; Cassidula<br />
turgida]; Raven & Vermeulen, 2007}<br />
Ellobium aurisjudae (Linnaeus, 1758) {Lim, 1963 [Ellobium auris-judae]; Chuang, 1973 [Ellobium auris-judae]; Way<br />
& Purchon, 1981; Chou et al., 1994b; Ng & Sivasothi, 1999; Maasen, 2001; Ng et al., 2008; Tan et al., 2009}<br />
Ellobium aurismidae (Linnaeus, 1758) {Lim, 1963 [Ellobium auris-midae]; Tweedie, 1967; Chuang, 1973; Way &<br />
Purchon, 1981; Tan & Chou, 2000; Maasen, 2001; Raven & Vermeulen, 2007; Ng, 2009; Tan et al., 2009}<br />
Ellobium scheepmakeri (Petit de la Saussaye, 1850) {Chou et al., 1994a [Ellobium aurismalchi]; Chou et al., 1994b<br />
[Ellobium aurismalchi]; Raven & Vermeulen, 2007; Chou & Tan, 2008 [Ellobium aurismalchi]; Tan et al., 2009}<br />
Ellobium tornatelliforme (Petit de la Saussaye, 1850) {Maasen, 2001; Raven & Vermeulen, 2007}<br />
Laemodonta minuta (Möllendorff, 1885) {Maasen, 2001; Raven & Vermeulen, 2007}<br />
62
Laemodonta punctatostriata (H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854) {Chuang, 1973 [Plecotrema punctostriata]; Ng &<br />
Sivasothi, 1999; Maasen, 2001; Raven & Vermeulen, 2007}<br />
Laemodonta punctigera (H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854) {Maasen, 2001; Raven & Vermeulen, 2007}<br />
Laemodonta siamensis (Morelet, 1875) {Maasen, 2001; Raven & Vermeulen, 2007; Ng et al., 2008}<br />
Laemodonta typica (H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854) {Chuang, 1973 [Plecotrema lirata]; Chou et al., 1994b<br />
[Plecotrema lirata]; Maasen, 2001; Raven & Vermeulen, 2007}<br />
Melampus fasciatus (Deshayes, 1830) {Raven & Vermeulen, 2007}<br />
Melampus flavus (Gmelin, 1791) {Chuang, 1973}<br />
Melampus nucleolus von Martens, 1865 {Maasen, 2001; Raven & Vermeulen, 2007}<br />
Melampus pulchellus (Petit de la Saussaye, 1843) {Maasen, 2001; Raven & Vermeulen, 2007}<br />
Melampus sincaporensis Pfeiffer, 1855 {Chuang, 1973 [Melampus <strong>singapore</strong>nsis]; Chou et al., 1994b [Melampus<br />
<strong>singapore</strong>nsis]; Maasen, 2001 [Melampus siamensis]; Raven & Vermeulen, 2007}<br />
Microtralia alba (Gassies, 1865) {Maasen, 2001 [Detracia alba]; Raven & Vermeulen, 2007}<br />
Microtralia species {Raven & Vermeulen, 2007}<br />
Pythia plicata (Férrusac, 1821) {Maasen, 2001; Raven & Vermeulen, 2007}<br />
Pythia scarabaeus (Linnaeus, 1785) †<br />
Pythia trigona (Troschel, 1838) {Chuang, 1973; Chou et al., 1994b; Tan & Chou, 2000 [Pythia scarabaeus]; Maasen,<br />
2001; Raven & Vermeulen, 2007; Ng et al., 2008}<br />
CLADE SYSTELLOMMATOPHORA<br />
SUPERFAMILY ONCHIDIOIDEA<br />
FAMILY ONCHIDIIDAE<br />
Onchidium abberans Semper, 1885 {Liow, 1996/1997; Dayrat, 2009}<br />
Onchidium ambiguum Semper, 1885 {Dayrat, 2009}<br />
Onchidium grise<strong>of</strong>uscum (H<strong>of</strong>fmann, 1928) {Dayrat, 2009}<br />
Onchidium griseum Plate, 1893 {Liow, 1996/1997; Ng & Sivasothi, 1999}<br />
Onchidium martensi Plate, 1893 {Dayrat, 2009}<br />
Onchidium nigrum Plate, 1893 {Liow, 1996/1997; Ng & Sivasothi, 1999}<br />
Onchidium cf. steenstrupi Semper, 1885 {Liow, 1996/1997}<br />
Onchidium tumidum Semper, 1885 {Liow, 1996/1997; Dayrat, 2009}<br />
Onchidium species {Liow, 1996/1997}<br />
Paraonchidium species 1 {Liow, 1996/1997; Ng & Sivasothi, 1999}<br />
Paraonchidium species 2 {Liow, 1996/1997}<br />
63
Paraonchidium species 3 {Liow, 1996/1997}<br />
Peronia verruculata (Cuvier, 1830) {Liow, 1996/1997}<br />
Peronina alta Plate, 1893 {Chou et al., 1994a; Chou et al., 1994b; Liow, 1996/1997; Chou & Tan, 2008}<br />
Platevindex coriaceus (Semper, 1885) {Liow, 1996/1997; Dayrat, 2009}<br />
Platevindex luteus (Semper, 1885) {Liow, 1996/1997; Dayrat, 2009}<br />
Platevindex species 1 {Liow, 1996/1997}<br />
Platevindex species 2 {Liow, 1996/1997}<br />
SUPERFAMILY VERONICELLOIDEA<br />
FAMILY VERONICELLIDAE<br />
Laevicaulis alte (Ferussac, 1823) {Ho, 1995 [Filicaulis alte]; Maasen, 2001}<br />
Semperula carusi (Simroth, 1893) {Gomes & Thomé, 2002}<br />
Semperula maculata (Templeton, 1858) {Lim, 1969 [Semperula variegatula]; Ho, 1995 [Vaginula maculata; Vaginula<br />
variegatula]; Maasen, 2001; Gomes & Thomé, 2002}<br />
Atopos species 1 {Tan & Chan, 2009}<br />
Atopos species 2 {Tan & Chan, 2009}<br />
Succinea minuta Martens, 1867 {Ho, 1995}<br />
FAMILY RATHOUISIIDAE<br />
CLADE STYLOMMATOPHORA<br />
SUPERFAMILY SUCCINEOIDEA<br />
FAMILY SUCCINEIDAE<br />
Succinea taylori (Pfeiffer, 1851) {Tenison-Woods, 1888; Lim, 1969 [Succinea cf. taylori]; Maasen, 2001<br />
[Indosuccinea taylori]}<br />
SUPERFAMILY ACHATINOIDEA<br />
FAMILY ACHATINIDAE<br />
Achatina fulica Bowdich, 1822 {Lim, 1969; Ho, 1995; Goh et al., 2002; Wang & Wee, 2008}<br />
Limicolaria flammea (Müller, 1774) †<br />
64
FAMILY SUBULINIDAE<br />
Subulina octona (Bruguière, 1789) {Lim, 1969; Ho, 1995; Maasen, 2001; Goh et al., 2002}<br />
Lamellaxis clavulinus (Potiez & Michaud, 1838) {Ho, 1995}<br />
Lamellaxis gracilis (Hutton, 1834) {Ho, 1995; Maasen, 2001 [Allopeas gracilis]}<br />
Opeas didyma Westerlund, 1887 {Ho, 1995; Maasen, 2001}<br />
Opeas pumilum (Pfeiffer, 1840) {Ho, 1995; Maasen, 2001 [Opeas pumilus]}<br />
Paropeas achatinaceum (Pfeiffer, 1846) {Maasen, 2001}<br />
Prosopeas tchehelense (De Morgan, 1885) {Ho, 1995}<br />
SUPERFAMILY STREPTAXOIDEA<br />
FAMILY STREPTAXIDAE<br />
Gulella bicolor (Hutton, 1834) {van Ben<strong>the</strong>m Jutting, 1961; Lim, 1969 [Gulella (Huttonella) bicolor]; Ho, 1995<br />
[Gulella (Huttonella) bicolor]}<br />
SUPERFAMILY DYAKIOIDEA<br />
FAMILY DYAKIIDAE<br />
Dyakia kintana (de Morgan, 1885) {Lim, 1969 [Dyakia janus]; Ho, 1995 [Dyakia sp.]; Maasen, 2001 [Dyakia janus];<br />
Goh et al, 2002 [Dyakia sp.]}<br />
Quantula striata (Gray, 1834) {Tenison-Woods, 1888 [Nanina naninoides]; Lim, 1969 [Nanina striata]; Chou et al.,<br />
1994b [Hemiplecta striata]; Ho, 1995 [Dyakia (Quantula) striata]; Maasen, 2001; Wang & Wee, 2008}<br />
Coneuplecta olivacea Vermeulen, 1996 {Tan, 2007}<br />
SUPERFAMILY GASTRODONTOIDEA<br />
FAMILY EUCONULIDAE<br />
Liardetia convexoconica (Moellendorff, 1897) {Ho, 1995; Maasen, 2001}<br />
Liardetia doliolum (Pfeiffer, 1846) {Ho, 1995}<br />
Liardetia indifferens (Boettger, 1891) {Ho, 1995; Maasen, 2001}<br />
Liardetia platyconus (von Moellendorff, 1897) {Maasen, 2001}<br />
Liardetia reticulata van Ben<strong>the</strong>m Jutting, 1950 {Maasen, 2001}<br />
Liardetia samoensis (Mousson, 1865) {Ho, 1995}<br />
Microcystina species {Lim, 1969; Ho, 1995}<br />
65
FAMILY TROCHOMORPHIDAE<br />
Geotrochus lychnia (Benson, 1852) {Tenison-Woods, 1888 [Trochonanina lychnia]; Lim, 1969 [Trochomorpha sp.];<br />
Ho, 1995 [Trochomorpha sp.]; Chan, 1997b; Maasen, 2001 [Eurybasis lychnia}<br />
Videna bicolor (Martens, 1846) {Chan, 1997b [Trochomorpha bicolor]; Maasen, 2001}<br />
SUPERFAMILY HELICARIONOIDEA<br />
FAMILY ARIOPHANTIDAE<br />
Hemiplecta humphreysiana (Lea, 1841) {Tenison-Woods, 1888 [Nanina humphreysiana]; Tweedie, 1967; Lim, 1969<br />
[Hemiplecta cymatium]; Ho, 1995 [Hemiplecta cymatium]; Maasen, 2001}<br />
Macrochlamys resplendens (Philippi, 1864) {Lim, 1969; Ho, 1995; Maasen, 2001 [Sarika resplendens]; Wang & Wee,<br />
2008}<br />
Mariaella dussumieri Gray, 1855 {Lim, 1969; Ho, 1995; Maasen, 2001}<br />
Microparmarion strubelli Simroth, 1893 {Lim, 1969; Ho, 1995; Maasen, 2001}<br />
Parmarion martensi Simroth, 1893 {Lim, 1969; Ho, 1995; Maasen, 2001; Wang & Wee, 2008}<br />
Parmarion pupillaris Humbert, 1864 {Lim, 1969; Ho, 1995; Maasen, 2001}<br />
Parmarion species {Lim, 1969}<br />
FAMILY HELICARIONIDAE<br />
Helicarion perfragilis (Moellendorff, 1897) {Lim, 1969; Ho, 1995 [Helixarion perfragilis]; Maasen, 2001}<br />
Wilhelminaia mathildae Preston, 1913 {Ho, 1995}<br />
SUPERFAMILY HELICOIDEA<br />
FAMILY BRADYBAENIDAE<br />
Bradybaena similaris (Férussac, 1821) {Lim, 1969; Ho, 1995; Maasen, 2001; Wang & Wee, 2008}<br />
FAMILY CAMAENIDAE<br />
Amphidromus atricallosus perakensis Fulton, 1901 {Tweedie, 1967 [Amphidromus perakensis]; Lim, 1969<br />
[Amphidromus atricallosus form perakensis]; Chou et al., 1994a; Chou et al., 1994b; Ho, 1995 [Amphidromus<br />
atricallosus]; Chan, 1996a [Amphidromus atricallosus]; Maasen, 2001; Chou & Tan, 2008; Lok & Tan, 2008}<br />
Amphidromus inversus (Müller, 1774) {Tenison-Woods, 1888 [Bulimus inversus]; Lim, 1969; Ho, 1995; Chan, 1996a;<br />
Maasen, 2001; Chou & Tan, 2008; Lok & Tan, 2008}<br />
Amphidromus mundus (Pfeiffer, 1853) {Tenison-Woods, 1888 [Bulimus mundus]; Laidlaw & Solem, 1961 [Bulimus<br />
mundus]; Maasen, 2001; Lok & Tan, 2008}<br />
66
Amphidromus perversus melanoma (Pfeiffer, 1852) {Tenison-Woods, 1888 [Bulimus melanoma]; Laidlaw & Solem,<br />
1961; Ho, 1995; Chan, 1996a [Amphidromus perversus]; Maasen, 2001; Lok & Tan, 2008}<br />
Trachia gabata pudica (Godwin-Austen 1891) {Chan, 1996a [Chloritis wrayi]}<br />
CLASS CEPHALOPODA<br />
ORDER NAUTILIDA<br />
SUPERFAMILY NAUTILOIDEA<br />
FAMILY NAUTILIDAE<br />
Nautilus pompilius Linnaeus, 1758 {Norman & Lu, 2000; Tan & Chou, 2000}<br />
ORDER SEPIIDA<br />
SUPERFAMILY SEPIACEA<br />
FAMILY SEPIIDAE<br />
Sepia aculeata Van Hasselt, 1835 in Férussac & D'Orbigny, 1834-1848 {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Sepia brevimana Streenstrup, 1875 {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Sepia esculenta Holye, 1885 {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Sepia latimanus Quoy & Gaimard, 1832 {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Sepia lycidas Gray, 1849 {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Sepia pharaonis Ehrenberg, 1831 {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Sepia recurvirostra Steenstrup, 1875 {Chou et al., 1994b [Sepia <strong>singapore</strong>nsis]}<br />
Sepiella inermis (Van Hasselt, 1835 in Férussac & D'Orbigny, 1834-1848) {Chou et al., 1994b [Sepialla inermis]}<br />
FAMILY SEPIADARIIDAE<br />
Sepiadarium kochii Steenstrup, 1881 {Chou et al., 1994b [Sepiadaruim malayense]; Norman & Reid, 1998}<br />
FAMILY SEPIOLIDAE<br />
Euprymna morsei (Verrill, 1881) {Chou et al., 1994b [Inioteuthis bursa]}<br />
Sepiola birostrata Sasaki, 1918 {Reid & Norman, 1998}<br />
Sepiola trirostrata Voss, 1962 {Norman & Lu, 2000}<br />
67
Idiosepius species †<br />
FAMILY IDIOSEPIIDAE<br />
ORDER TEUTHIDA<br />
SUPERFAMILY MYOPSIDA<br />
FAMILY LOLIGINIDAE<br />
Sepioteuthis lessoniana Férussac, 1831 in Lesson, 1830-1831 {Chou et al., 1994b [Sepioteuthis indica]}<br />
Uroteuthis chinensis (Gray, 1849) {Chou et al., 1994b [Loligo formosana]}<br />
Uroteuthis duvaucelii (D'Orbigny, 1835 in Férussac & D'Orbigny, 1834-1848) {Chou et al., 1994b [Loligo<br />
duvaucelii; Loligo oshimai]}<br />
Uroteuthis sibogae (Adam, 1954) {Norman & Lu, 2000}<br />
Cistopus indicus (Rapp, 1835) {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
ORDER OCTOPODA<br />
SUPERFAMILY OCTOPODOIDEA<br />
FAMILY OCTOPODIDAE<br />
Hapalochlaena maculosa (Hoyle, 1883) {Chou et al., 1994b [Hapalochlaena maculora]}<br />
Hapalochlaena nierstrazi (Adam, 1938) {Norman & Lu, 2000}<br />
Octopus aegina Gray, 1849 {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Octopus australis Hoyle, 1885 {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Octopus filamentosus Blainville, 1826 {Chou et al., 1994b}<br />
Octopus microphthalmus Goodrich, 1896 {Norman & Lu, 2000}<br />
Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797 {Chou et al., 1994b [Octopus rugosus]}<br />
CONCLUSIONS<br />
From <strong>the</strong> current compilation, 1,264 species are listed. This includes some 875 Gastropoda, 351 Bivalvia, 10<br />
Scaphopoda, three Polyplacophora, and 25 Cephalopoda in 133, 55, four, two, and seven families, respectively. These<br />
numbers are however, at best a provisional representation <strong>of</strong> Singapore’s malac<strong>of</strong>auna diversity because <strong>the</strong> taxonomic<br />
accuracy <strong>of</strong> many taxa is tentative. Verification <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> majority <strong>of</strong> existing records in <strong>the</strong> literature is also unachievable<br />
owing to <strong>the</strong> lack <strong>of</strong> information or voucher specimens. Additionally, this list is not an exhaustive compilation and<br />
many more species may have been overlooked in publications and scattered papers that were not accessed. A number <strong>of</strong><br />
species we have observed―especially <strong>the</strong> micros―were also knowingly omitted because <strong>the</strong>y were not identifiable to<br />
<strong>the</strong> genus, and sometimes not even to <strong>the</strong> family. On <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r hand, we would not be surprised if <strong>the</strong> different taxa<br />
listed prove to refer to <strong>the</strong> same species that have been reported under different names owing to misidentifications or<br />
differing taxonomic opinions. Therefore this <strong>checklist</strong> must be considered <strong>preliminary</strong> as it is mainly a compilation <strong>of</strong><br />
reported taxa involving little critical investigative studies.<br />
68
On a final note, we acknowledge that this <strong>checklist</strong> may contain inaccuracies or questionable entries, so welcome<br />
constructive feedback from readers. Although this <strong>checklist</strong> is an attempt to provide an updated look at <strong>the</strong> Singapore<br />
malac<strong>of</strong>auna species composition, it is not intended to be a proper taxonomic revision. Work on <strong>the</strong> systematics <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>molluscs</strong> in Singapore is wanting and decisions on <strong>the</strong> ‘correct’ name to use in species that have been published under<br />
different names are <strong>of</strong>ten difficult. This is unfortunately unavoidable, and <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> some names over o<strong>the</strong>rs for certain<br />
species may not satisfy everyone. It must be reiterated that <strong>the</strong> taxonomic decisions expressed here were our personal<br />
opinions, and may not necessarily reflect popular usage nor be supported by <strong>the</strong> current literature. Never<strong>the</strong>less, we are<br />
confident that <strong>the</strong> information herein is an advancement <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> current knowledge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> composition <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> local<br />
malac<strong>of</strong>auna. And o<strong>the</strong>r than being a source <strong>of</strong> information for research purposes, we hope that this list will inspire<br />
interest in <strong>molluscs</strong> and <strong>the</strong>reby setting <strong>the</strong> stage for more work on <strong>the</strong> monitoring and documenting <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> molluscan<br />
diversity in Singapore.<br />
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS<br />
We would like to thank H. T. W. Tan, and L. K. Wang for <strong>the</strong> stimulus that has resulted in this work. Thanks are due to<br />
colleagues and friends―B. K. H. Boo, M. K. K. Chan, S. Y. Chan, R. Clements, T. M. Leong, K. K. P. Lim, H. E. Ng,<br />
L. H. S. Nguang, H. H. Tan, and H. W. Wong for past discussions, and <strong>the</strong>ir sharing <strong>of</strong> much invaluable information. C.<br />
H. Toh graciously furnished us with her private data on photographic records <strong>of</strong> local nudibranchs and seaslugs<br />
including many unpublished accounts, which greatly enhanced <strong>the</strong> completeness <strong>of</strong> this work. S. Y. Chan, S. H. Tan, L.<br />
K. Wang, H. W. Wong and R. K. H. Yeo kindly helped with some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> references used. HPMW would also like to<br />
express her gratitude to W. Q. Ng for her support. Assistance rendered by M. E. Y. Low during <strong>the</strong> preparation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
manuscript is much appreciated. Last but not least, special thanks must go to S. Y. Chan for his many suggestions and<br />
role in pro<strong>of</strong>reading <strong>the</strong> manuscript.<br />
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CITATION OF THIS BOOK<br />
Tan, S. K. & H. P. M. Woo, 2010. A Preliminary Checklist <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Molluscs <strong>of</strong> Singapore. <strong>Raffles</strong> Museum <strong>of</strong><br />
Biodiversity Research, National University <strong>of</strong> Singapore, Singapore. 78 pp. Uploaded 02 June 2010.<br />
http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/raffles_museum_pub/<strong>preliminary</strong>_<strong>checklist</strong>_<strong>molluscs</strong>_<strong>singapore</strong>.pdf.<br />
Acanthopleura ........................3<br />
Acanthocardia ......................13<br />
Acar ........................................4<br />
Achatina................................64<br />
Achatinidae...........................64<br />
Achatinoidea.........................64<br />
Aclyvolva ..............................33<br />
Acmaea .................................23<br />
Acmaeidae ............................23<br />
Acrilla...................................40<br />
Acropagia .............................15<br />
Acrosterigma ........................12<br />
Acteocina ..............................53<br />
INDEX<br />
Acteon................................... 51<br />
Acteonidae ........................... 51<br />
Acteonoidea.......................... 51<br />
Actinocyclus ................... 55, 56<br />
Adusta................................... 32<br />
Aenigma ................................. 9<br />
Aeolidiidae ........................... 60<br />
Aeolidioidea ......................... 60<br />
Aglajidae .............................. 53<br />
Alaba .................................... 29<br />
Alaerato................................ 39<br />
Alectryonella .......................... 8<br />
Allopeas................................ 65<br />
72<br />
Aloidis...................................19<br />
Alvania..................................36<br />
Amaea ...................................40<br />
Amathina...............................52<br />
Amathinidae......................... 52<br />
Amerianna.............................61<br />
Amphibolidae ...................... 61<br />
Amphiboloidea .................... 61<br />
Amphidromus..................66, 67<br />
Amphiperas...........................34<br />
Ampullariidae ...................... 27<br />
Ampullarioidea .................... 27<br />
Amusium ................................ 9
Anachis .................................42<br />
Anadara ..................................4<br />
Ancylidae..............................61<br />
Angaria.................................25<br />
Anodonta...............................10<br />
Anodontia .............................10<br />
Anomalocardia .....................17<br />
Anomalodiscus......................17<br />
Anomia....................................9<br />
Anomioidea ............................9<br />
Anomiidae ..............................9<br />
Antalis...................................22<br />
Antigona ...............................17<br />
Aphera ..................................50<br />
Aplysia ..................................54<br />
Aplysiidae.............................54<br />
Aplysioidea...........................54<br />
Aplysiomorpha .....................54<br />
Aplysis ..................................54<br />
Arabica .................................31<br />
Arca ....................................4, 5<br />
Architectonica.......................51<br />
Architectonicidae..................51<br />
Architectonicoidea................51<br />
Arcidae ...................................4<br />
Arcoida ...................................4<br />
Arcoidea .................................4<br />
Arcopsis ..................................5<br />
Arctioidea .............................16<br />
Arcuatula ................................5<br />
Ariophantidae .......................66<br />
Armina ..................................59<br />
Arminia.................................59<br />
Arminidae.............................59<br />
Arminoidea...........................59<br />
Asaphis .................................15<br />
Aspella ..................................45<br />
Assiminea..............................36<br />
Assimineidae ........................36<br />
Asteronotus...........................55<br />
Astraea..................................25<br />
Astralium ..............................25<br />
Atactodea..............................14<br />
Atagema................................55<br />
Atopos...................................64<br />
Atrina......................................7<br />
Atys .......................................52<br />
Aulica....................................48<br />
Auriculastra..........................62<br />
Austriella ..............................10<br />
Azorinus................................16<br />
Babylonia..............................42<br />
Bactronophorus ....................20<br />
Bankia...................................20<br />
Barbatia..................................4<br />
Barnea ..................................20<br />
Basommatophora..................61<br />
Bassina ...........................17, 18<br />
Batillaria...............................29<br />
Batillariidae ..........................29<br />
Beguina ................................ 11<br />
Biplex ................................... 39<br />
Bithynia ................................ 37<br />
Bithyniidae ........................... 37<br />
Blauneria.............................. 62<br />
Bornella................................ 59<br />
Bornellidae ........................... 59<br />
Botula .................................... 5<br />
Bivalvia .................................. 3<br />
Brachidontes .......................... 5<br />
Brachytoma .......................... 50<br />
Bradybaena .......................... 66<br />
Bradybaenidae...................... 66<br />
Brechites............................... 21<br />
Buccinidae............................ 42<br />
Buccinoidea.......................... 42<br />
Bufonaria ............................. 38<br />
Bulimus........................... 66, 67<br />
Bulla..................................... 52<br />
Bullidae ................................ 52<br />
Bullioidea............................. 52<br />
Bursa .................................... 38<br />
Bursatella ............................. 54<br />
Bursidae ............................... 38<br />
Cadlinella............................. 56<br />
Cadulus ................................ 22<br />
Caecella ............................... 14<br />
Caenogastropoda.................. 27<br />
Callanaitis............................ 18<br />
Calliostoma .......................... 25<br />
Calliostomatidae................... 25<br />
Calliphylidae ........................ 55<br />
Callista................................. 17<br />
Callochiton............................. 3<br />
Calpurnus............................. 33<br />
Calyptraea............................ 31<br />
Calyptraeidae........................ 31<br />
Calyptraeoidea...................... 31<br />
Camaenidae.......................... 66<br />
Cancellaria........................... 50<br />
Cancellariidae....................... 50<br />
Cancellarioidea..................... 50<br />
Cancilla................................ 47<br />
Cantharus............................. 42<br />
Capulidae ............................. 31<br />
Capulus ................................ 31<br />
Cardiidae .............................. 12<br />
Cardioidea ............................ 12<br />
Cardiolucina ........................ 10<br />
Cardiomya............................ 21<br />
Cardita ................................. 11<br />
Carditella ............................. 11<br />
Carditellona ......................... 11<br />
Carditidae............................. 11<br />
Carditoidea ........................... 11<br />
Cardium ......................... 12, 13<br />
Carithiopsis.......................... 41<br />
Carpiscula............................ 33<br />
Casella ................................. 56<br />
Cassidae ............................... 38<br />
73<br />
Cassidula ..............................62<br />
Cassidulina .......................... 62<br />
Cassis....................................38<br />
Cavolinia...............................53<br />
Cavoliniidae..........................53<br />
Cavolinioidea....................... 53<br />
Cellana..................................22<br />
Cephalaspidea...................... 52<br />
Cephalopoda ........................ 67<br />
Ceratosoma...........................56<br />
Cerberilla..............................60<br />
Cerithidea .......................29, 30<br />
Cerithiidae............................ 28<br />
Cerithioidea.......................... 28<br />
Cerithiopsidae.......................41<br />
Cerithiopsis...........................41<br />
Cerithium ........................28, 29<br />
Chama...................................11<br />
Chamidae ............................. 11<br />
Chamoidea ........................... 11<br />
Cheilea..................................39<br />
Chelidonura ..........................53<br />
Chicoreus..............................45<br />
Chione.............................18, 19<br />
Chitonidae.............................. 3<br />
Chlamys ................................. 9<br />
Chloritis ............................... 67<br />
Chromodorididae ................. 56<br />
Chromodoris.........................56<br />
Chrysame ..............................47<br />
Chrysostoma .........................24<br />
Circe .....................................17<br />
Circomphalus........................18<br />
Circumphalus........................18<br />
Cirsotrema ............................40<br />
Cistopus ................................68<br />
Cladobranchia.......................58<br />
Clanculus ..............................24<br />
Clavagellidae ....................... 21<br />
Clavagelloidea ..................... 21<br />
Clementia............................. 17<br />
Clithon ..................................26<br />
Clypeomorus...................28, 29<br />
Codakia.................................10<br />
Coecella ................................14<br />
Columbella......................42, 43<br />
Columbellidae...................... 42<br />
Comptopallium ...................... 9<br />
Coneuplecta ......................... 65<br />
Conus ..............................48, 49<br />
Conidae................................ 48<br />
Conoidea.............................. 48<br />
Coralliophaga.......................16<br />
Coralliophila.........................45<br />
Corbicula ..............................16<br />
Corbiculidae......................... 16<br />
Corbiculoidea....................... 16<br />
Corbula.................................19<br />
Corbulidae............................ 19<br />
Corculum ..............................12
Costasiella ............................55<br />
Costellariidae........................47<br />
Couthouyia ...........................29<br />
Crassatella............................12<br />
Crassatellidae........................12<br />
Crassatellites ........................12<br />
Crassatelloidea......................12<br />
Crassostrea.............................8<br />
Cratena.................................60<br />
Crenavolva ...........................33<br />
Crepidula..............................31<br />
Cronia...................................45<br />
Crosslandia...........................59<br />
Cryptospira...........................47<br />
Ctenodoris ............................57<br />
Cucullaea................................5<br />
Cucullaeidae ...........................5<br />
Cucurbitula...........................20<br />
Cultellus................................14<br />
Cuspidaria ............................21<br />
Cuspidariidae........................21<br />
Cuspivolva ............................33<br />
Cuthona ................................60<br />
Cycladicama.........................10<br />
Cyclichna..............................53<br />
Cycloneritimorpha................26<br />
Cyclophoridae.......................27<br />
Cyclophoroidea.....................27<br />
Cyclophorus..........................27<br />
Cycloscala ............................40<br />
Cyclostrema....................25, 26<br />
Cyclotellina...........................15<br />
Cyclotropis ...........................36<br />
Cyclotus ................................27<br />
Cylichna................................53<br />
Cylichnidae...........................53<br />
Cylindrotis ............................62<br />
Cyllene..................................43<br />
Cymatium..............................39<br />
Cymbiola...............................48<br />
Cymbium...............................48<br />
Cymbovula............................33<br />
Cypraea ....................31, 32, 33<br />
Cypraeidae............................31<br />
Cypraeoidea..........................31<br />
Cythara.................................49<br />
Davila ...................................14<br />
Decatopecten ..........................9<br />
Dendostrea .............................8<br />
Dendrodorididae ...................57<br />
Dendrodoris....................57, 58<br />
Dentaliida .............................22<br />
Dentaliidae............................22<br />
Dentalium .............................22<br />
Dentiovula ............................33<br />
Dermatobranchus .................59<br />
Derstolida.............................32<br />
Detracia................................63<br />
Dicyathifer............................20<br />
Digoniostoma .......................37<br />
Diminovula........................... 33<br />
Diodora ................................ 23<br />
Diplodonta ........................... 10<br />
Diplommatina....................... 28<br />
Diplommatinidae.................. 28<br />
Discodorididae ..................... 57<br />
Discodoris ............................ 57<br />
Distorsio............................... 38<br />
Ditropis ................................ 27<br />
Ditropopsis........................... 27<br />
Dolabella.............................. 54<br />
Dolomena ............................. 38<br />
Donacidae............................. 16<br />
Donax................................... 16<br />
Dorididae.............................. 55<br />
Doridoidea............................ 55<br />
Doriopsis.............................. 57<br />
Dosinia................................. 17<br />
Dostia .................................. 26<br />
Dotidae................................. 58<br />
Doto .................................. 58<br />
Doxander.............................. 38<br />
Dreissenidae ......................... 16<br />
Dreissenoidea ....................... 16<br />
Drupa ............................. 45, 46<br />
Drupella ............................... 45<br />
Dunkeria............................... 52<br />
Duplicaria ............................ 49<br />
Dyakia .................................. 65<br />
Dyakiidae ............................. 65<br />
Dyakioidae ........................... 65<br />
Echinolittorina ..................... 34<br />
Eglisia .................................. 40<br />
Electroma ............................... 6<br />
Elizia .................................... 14<br />
Ellobiidae ............................. 62<br />
Ellobioidea ........................... 62<br />
Ellobium......................... 62, 63<br />
Elysia.................................... 54<br />
Elysiidae............................... 54<br />
Elysioidea............................. 54<br />
Emarginula........................... 23<br />
Engina .................................. 42<br />
Enigmonia .............................. 9<br />
Ensiculus .............................. 14<br />
Ensidens ............................... 10<br />
Epidirona ............................. 50<br />
Episiphon ............................. 22<br />
Epitoniidae ........................... 40<br />
Epitonioidea ......................... 40<br />
Epitonium ....................... 40, 41<br />
Erato..................................... 39<br />
Ergalatax.............................. 45<br />
Erosaria ............................... 32<br />
Erronea ................................ 31<br />
Errones................................. 31<br />
Ethminolia............................ 24<br />
Euchelus............................... 24<br />
Eucithara.............................. 50<br />
Euconulidae.......................... 65<br />
74<br />
Euctenidiacea........................55<br />
Eufenella...............................30<br />
Eulimidae............................. 41<br />
Eulimoidea........................... 41<br />
Eunaticina.............................45<br />
Euplica..................................42<br />
Euprymna..............................67<br />
Eupulmonata........................ 62<br />
Eurybasis ..............................66<br />
Exolaternula .........................21<br />
Facelinidae .......................... 60<br />
Fasciolariidae....................... 43<br />
Fassaria ................................42<br />
Faunus ..................................29<br />
Favartia ................................45<br />
Favorinus..............................60<br />
Ferrissia................................61<br />
Ficidae ................................. 34<br />
Ficoidea................................ 34<br />
Ficus ................................... 34<br />
Filicaulis...............................64<br />
Filopaludina .........................28<br />
Finella...................................30<br />
Fionoidea ............................. 60<br />
Fissilabia ..............................29<br />
Fissurellidae......................... 23<br />
Fissurelloidea....................... 23<br />
Flabellina..............................60<br />
Flabellinidae ........................ 60<br />
Flabellinoidea ...................... 60<br />
Fragum ................................ 12<br />
Fulvia....................................12<br />
Fusiaphera............................50<br />
Fusinus..................................43<br />
Gadila ...................................22<br />
Gadilidae.............................. 22<br />
Gadilinidae........................... 22<br />
Gafrarium .............................17<br />
Galeomma.............................11<br />
Galeommatidae .................... 11<br />
Galeommatoidea .................. 11<br />
Gari.................................15, 16<br />
Gastrochaena........................20<br />
Gastrochaenidae................... 20<br />
Gastrochaenoidea................. 20<br />
Gastrodontoidea................... 65<br />
Gastropoda........................... 22<br />
Geloina ...........................16, 17<br />
Gemmula...............................50<br />
Geotrochus........................... 66<br />
Glaucidae ............................. 60<br />
Glauconome..........................19<br />
Glauconomidae .....................19<br />
Glaucus.................................60<br />
Glossodoris.....................56, 57<br />
Goniodoridella......................58<br />
Goniodorididae .................... 58<br />
Granata.................................24<br />
Gryphaeidae........................... 8<br />
Guildfordia ...........................25
Gulella ..................................65<br />
Gundlachia ...........................61<br />
Gymnobela............................49<br />
Gymnodorididae ...................58<br />
Gymnodoris ..........................58<br />
Gyraulus ...............................61<br />
Gyrineum ..............................39<br />
Habromorula ........................46<br />
Haliotidae .............................23<br />
Haliotis .................................23<br />
Haliotoidea ...........................23<br />
Haliphoebus..........................40<br />
Haminea ...............................52<br />
Haminoea .............................52<br />
Haminoeidae.........................52<br />
Haminoeoidea.......................52<br />
Hapalochlaena .....................68<br />
Harpa....................................47<br />
Harpidae ...............................47<br />
Hastula .................................49<br />
Hebra................................... 43<br />
Heliacus................................51<br />
Helicarion.............................66<br />
Helicarionidae.......................66<br />
Helicarionoidea.....................66<br />
Helicoidea.............................66<br />
Helixarion.............................66<br />
Hemicardia...........................12<br />
Hemifusus .............................44<br />
Hemilienardia.......................50<br />
Hemiplecta......................65, 66<br />
Hemitapes.............................18<br />
Heterobranchia .....................51<br />
Heterocardia.........................13<br />
Hiatavolva ............................33<br />
Hindsia .................................42<br />
Hipponicidae.........................39<br />
Hippopus...............................13<br />
Hoplodoris............................55<br />
Huttonella.............................65<br />
Hybochelus ...........................24<br />
Hydatina ...............................51<br />
Hydatinidae...........................51<br />
Hyotissa ..................................8<br />
Hypselodoris...................56, 57<br />
Idiosepiidae ..........................68<br />
Idiosepius..............................68<br />
Indoaustriella .......................10<br />
Indoplanorbis .......................61<br />
Indosuccinea.........................64<br />
Inella.....................................41<br />
Inioteuthis.............................67<br />
Inquisitor ..............................50<br />
Iravadia ................................37<br />
Iravadiidae ............................37<br />
Irus........................................17<br />
Isanda ...................................24<br />
Ischnochitonidae.....................3<br />
Isognomon ..............................7<br />
Isognomonidae .......................7<br />
Jactellina.............................. 15<br />
Janolus ................................. 59<br />
Janthina................................ 41<br />
Janthinidae ........................... 41<br />
Japonia................................. 27<br />
Jorruna................................. 56<br />
Jorunna ................................ 56<br />
Jouannetia............................ 20<br />
Kalinga................................. 58<br />
Katelysia......................... 17, 18<br />
Kodakia ................................ 10<br />
Laemodonta.................... 62, 63<br />
Laevaplex ........................... 61<br />
Laevicardium........................ 12<br />
Laevicaulis ........................... 64<br />
Laevichlamys.......................... 9<br />
Laevidentaliidae ................... 22<br />
Laevidentalium..................... 22<br />
Laevistrombus ...................... 38<br />
Lagochilus........................... 27<br />
Lambis.................................. 37<br />
Lamellaxis ............................ 65<br />
Lanulicardia......................... 12<br />
Lataxiena.............................. 45<br />
Laternula.............................. 21<br />
Laternulidae.......................... 21<br />
Lena .................................... 3<br />
Lepidozona............................. 3<br />
Leucorhynchia...................... 26<br />
Liardetia............................... 65<br />
Lienardia.............................. 50<br />
Lima ................................... 7, 8<br />
Limapontiidae ...................... 55<br />
Limapontioidea .................... 55<br />
Limaria................................... 8<br />
Limatula ................................. 8<br />
Limicolaria........................... 64<br />
Limidae .................................. 7<br />
Limoida .................................. 7<br />
Limoidea ................................ 7<br />
Limopsidae............................. 6<br />
Limopsis ................................. 6<br />
Limopsoidea........................... 6<br />
Liotina .................................. 25<br />
Lippistes ............................... 31<br />
Lithophaga ............................. 5<br />
Litiopidae ............................. 29<br />
Littoraria........................ 34, 35<br />
Littorina ......................... 34, 35<br />
Littorinidae........................... 34<br />
Littorinimorpha ................... 31<br />
Littorinoidea......................... 34<br />
Littorinopsis ......................... 34<br />
Lobifera................................ 55<br />
Loliginidae ........................... 68<br />
Loligo ................................... 68<br />
Lomanotidae......................... 59<br />
Lomanotus............................ 59<br />
Lopha ..................................... 8<br />
Lophiotoma .......................... 50<br />
75<br />
Lophioturris ..........................50<br />
Lottioidea............................. 23<br />
Lucina ...................................10<br />
Lucinidae ............................. 10<br />
Lucinoida ............................. 10<br />
Lucinoidea ........................... 10<br />
Lunulicardia .........................12<br />
Lutraria................................ 13<br />
Lymnaea................................61<br />
Lymnaeidae.......................... 61<br />
Lymnaeoidea.........................61<br />
Lyrodus .................................20<br />
Macalia.................................15<br />
Macalina...............................15<br />
Macha ...................................15<br />
Macoma ................................15<br />
Macrochlamys.......................66<br />
Macron..................................42<br />
Mactra ..................................13<br />
Mactridae ............................. 13<br />
Mactrinula ............................13<br />
Mactroidea ........................... 13<br />
Magnavicula .......................... 7<br />
Mainwaringia .......................35<br />
Malleidae ............................... 7<br />
Malleus .................................. 7<br />
Mammilla............................. 36<br />
Mancinella ........................... 45<br />
Mantellum.............................. 8<br />
Maoricardium ...................... 12<br />
Marcia ............................17, 18<br />
Marginella ............................47<br />
Marginellidae....................... 47<br />
Margovula.............................33<br />
Mariaella ..............................66<br />
Martesia................................20<br />
Mastonia ...............................41<br />
Mauritia ................................31<br />
Melampus..............................63<br />
Melanella ..............................41<br />
Melanoides........................... 30<br />
Melanopsidae....................... 29<br />
Melibe ...................................60<br />
Melingena ............................ 44<br />
Melo ......................................48<br />
Melongena ............................45<br />
Melongenidae ...................... 44<br />
Meretrix ................................18<br />
Meropesta .............................13<br />
Mesodesmatidae................... 14<br />
Mexichromis .........................57<br />
Microcystina .........................65<br />
Micromactra .........................14<br />
Microparmarion ...................66<br />
Microtralia............................63<br />
Minnivola............................... 9<br />
Minolia..................................24<br />
Mipus ....................................46<br />
Mitra ...............................47, 48<br />
Mitrella .................................42
Mitridae ................................47<br />
Modiola ..............................5, 6<br />
Modiolus.............................5, 6<br />
Modiolusia..............................5<br />
Moerchiella...........................36<br />
Monilea.................................24<br />
Monodonta............................24<br />
Montacuta.............................11<br />
Moricodrupa.........................46<br />
Morula ............................45, 46<br />
Morulina...............................46<br />
Murex..............................45, 46<br />
Muricidae..............................45<br />
Muricodrupa.........................46<br />
Muricoidea............................45<br />
Murphydoris .........................58<br />
Musculus.................................6<br />
Myadora ...............................21<br />
Myochamidae .......................21<br />
Myoida..................................19<br />
Myoidea................................19<br />
Myopsida ..............................68<br />
Mytilicardia ..........................11<br />
Mytilidae.................................5<br />
Mytiloida ................................5<br />
Mytiloidea...............................5<br />
Mytilopsis .............................16<br />
Mytilus ....................................6<br />
Nacellidae.............................22<br />
Nacelloidea...........................22<br />
Nanina ............................65, 66<br />
Naquetia ...............................45<br />
Nassaria................................42<br />
Nassariidae ...........................43<br />
Nassarius ........................43, 44<br />
Natica ...................................35<br />
Naticidae...............................35<br />
Naticoidea.............................35<br />
Nautilida ...............................67<br />
Nautilidae .............................67<br />
Nautiloidea ...........................67<br />
Nautilus ................................67<br />
Nebularia..............................47<br />
Neocancilla...........................48<br />
Neogastropoda......................42<br />
Neoloricata .............................3<br />
Neosimnia.............................33<br />
Neotrapezium........................16<br />
Nerita..............................26, 27<br />
Neritidae ...............................26<br />
Neritina...........................26, 27<br />
Neritoidea .............................26<br />
Neritopsidae..........................27<br />
Neritopsis..............................27<br />
Neritopsoidea........................27<br />
Niotha .............................43, 44<br />
Niso.......................................41<br />
Nodilittorina .........................34<br />
Noetiidae.................................5<br />
Notobryon.............................59<br />
Nototeredo............................ 20<br />
Nuculoida............................... 3<br />
Nuculoidea ............................. 3<br />
Nuculidae ............................... 3<br />
Nucula .................................... 3<br />
Nuculanoidea.......................... 3<br />
Nuculanidae............................ 3<br />
Nuculana ................................ 3<br />
Nudipleura............................ 55<br />
Ocenebra.............................. 46<br />
Octopoda .............................. 68<br />
Octopodidae ......................... 68<br />
Octopodoidea ....................... 68<br />
Octopus ................................ 68<br />
Odostomia ............................ 51<br />
Okenia .................................. 58<br />
Oliva..................................... 48<br />
Olivella................................. 48<br />
Olividae................................ 48<br />
Olivoidea.............................. 48<br />
Onchidiidae .......................... 63<br />
Onchidioidea ........................ 63<br />
Onchidium...................... 63, 64<br />
Onchidoridoidea................... 58<br />
Onustus................................. 40<br />
Opeas ................................... 65<br />
Opisthoporus........................ 27<br />
Orania .................................. 46<br />
Orbicularia........................... 14<br />
Ostrea..................................... 8<br />
Ostreidae ................................ 8<br />
Ostreoida ................................ 8<br />
Ostreoidea .............................. 8<br />
Otopleura ............................. 51<br />
Ovulidae............................... 33<br />
Oxynooidea .......................... 54<br />
Pagodatrochus ..................... 24<br />
Palustorina........................... 34<br />
Pandora................................ 21<br />
Pandoridae............................ 21<br />
Pandoroidea.......................... 21<br />
Paphia ............................ 18, 19<br />
Paphies................................. 14<br />
Papyridea ............................. 12<br />
Papyriscala .......................... 41<br />
Paradentalium...................... 22<br />
Parahyotissa........................... 8<br />
Paraonchidium............... 63, 64<br />
Parametaria ......................... 42<br />
Pardalina ............................. 42<br />
Parmarion ............................ 66<br />
Paropeas .............................. 65<br />
Patellogastropoda ................. 22<br />
Patelloida ............................. 23<br />
Peasiella............................... 35<br />
Pectenodoris......................... 57<br />
Pectinidae............................... 9<br />
Pectinoidea ............................. 9<br />
Pectunculus ............................ 6<br />
Pedum..................................... 9<br />
76<br />
Pelecyora ..............................17<br />
Penicillus ..............................21<br />
Periglypta .............................18<br />
Perna ..................................... 6<br />
Peronia .................................64<br />
Peronina ...............................64<br />
Personidae............................ 38<br />
Petricola ...............................19<br />
Petricolidae .......................... 19<br />
Phalium.................................38<br />
Pharaonella ..........................15<br />
Pharella ................................14<br />
Pharidae ............................... 14<br />
Phasianella ...........................25<br />
Phaxas ................................. 14<br />
Phenacolepadidae................. 27<br />
Phenacolepas........................27<br />
Phenacovolva........................33<br />
Phestilla ................................60<br />
Phidiana................................60<br />
Philine...................................53<br />
Philinidae ............................. 53<br />
Philinoidea ........................... 53<br />
Philinopsis ........................... 53<br />
Pholadidae............................ 20<br />
Pholadoidea.......................... 20<br />
Pholadomyoida .................... 21<br />
Pholas ...................................20<br />
Phos ......................................42<br />
Phyllidia................................57<br />
Phyllidiella............................57<br />
Phyllidiidae.......................... 57<br />
Phyllidioidea.........................57<br />
Phyllidiopsis .........................57<br />
Phyllocoma ...........................46<br />
Phyllodesmium......................60<br />
Phyllonotus ...........................46<br />
Physastra ..............................62<br />
Physidae............................... 62<br />
Pictocolumbella ....................43<br />
Pila........................................27<br />
Pilsbryconcha .......................10<br />
Pinna...................................... 7<br />
Pinctada................................. 6<br />
Pinnidae ................................. 7<br />
Pinnoidea ............................... 7<br />
Pisania ..................................42<br />
Pisidium ................................17<br />
Pitar ......................................18<br />
Pitarina.................................18<br />
Placamen ..............................18<br />
Placida................................. 55<br />
Placobranchus ......................54<br />
Placuna.................................. 9<br />
Placunidae.............................. 9<br />
Planaxidae............................ 29<br />
Planaxis ................................29<br />
Planorbidae .......................... 61<br />
Planorboidea ........................ 61<br />
Planostrea.............................. 8
Platevindex ...........................64<br />
Platydoris .............................56<br />
Plecotrema............................63<br />
Pleurobranchus ....................55<br />
Pleurobranchidae ..................55<br />
Pleurobranchoidea ................55<br />
Plicatula .................................8<br />
Plicatulidae .............................8<br />
Plicatuloidea ...........................8<br />
Plocamopherus .....................58<br />
Pododesmus............................9<br />
Polinices .........................35, 36<br />
Pollia ....................................42<br />
Polybranchia ........................55<br />
Polyceridae ...........................58<br />
Polyceroidea .........................58<br />
Polymesoda...........................17<br />
Polynices.........................35, 36<br />
Polyplacophora .......................3<br />
Pomacea ...............................27<br />
Potamides .............................29<br />
Potamididae ..........................29<br />
Pretostrea ...............................8<br />
Prionovolva ..........................33<br />
Proctonotidae........................59<br />
Propeamussiidae .....................9<br />
Prosopeas .............................65<br />
Protapes................................18<br />
Proterato...............................39<br />
Psammobiidae.......................15<br />
Psammotaea .........................16<br />
Pseudanachis........................43<br />
Pseudodaphnella ..................50<br />
Pseudodon ............................10<br />
Pseudominolia ......................24<br />
Pseudoneptunea....................42<br />
Pseudosimnia........................33<br />
Pseudostomatella..................25<br />
Psiloteredo............................20<br />
Ptenoglossa...........................40<br />
Pteraeolidia ..........................60<br />
Pteria ..................................6, 7<br />
Pteriidae..................................6<br />
Pterioida..................................6<br />
Pterioidea................................6<br />
Pterygia ................................48<br />
Pterynotus.............................46<br />
Ptychobela ............................50<br />
Pugilina ..........................44, 45<br />
Pupa......................................51<br />
Purpura ................................46<br />
Pustularia .............................31<br />
Pyramidella ..........................51<br />
Pyramidellidae......................51<br />
Pyramidelloidea....................51<br />
Pyramidelloides....................41<br />
Pyrene.............................42, 43<br />
Pyrunculus............................53<br />
Pythia....................................63<br />
Quantula...............................65<br />
Quoyia.................................. 29<br />
Raeta .................................... 14<br />
Ranellidae............................. 39<br />
Ranularia ............................. 39<br />
Rapana ................................. 46<br />
Rathouisiidae........................ 64<br />
Ravitrona.............................. 31<br />
Retusa................................... 53<br />
Retusidae.............................. 53<br />
Rhinoclavis........................... 29<br />
Ringicula .............................. 52<br />
Ringiculidae ......................... 52<br />
Ringiculoidea ....................... 52<br />
Rissoidae .............................. 36<br />
Rissoina................................ 36<br />
Rissooidea ............................ 36<br />
Rocellaria............................. 20<br />
Rostanga............................... 56<br />
Ruditapes.............................. 18<br />
Sabia..................................... 39<br />
Saccella .................................. 3<br />
Saccostrea .............................. 8<br />
Sacoglossa............................ 54<br />
Sakuraeolis........................... 60<br />
Salinator............................... 61<br />
Sarika ................................... 66<br />
Saxostrea................................ 8<br />
Scaliolidae............................ 30<br />
Scalptia................................. 50<br />
Scapharca............................... 4<br />
Scaphopoda .......................... 22<br />
Scintilla ................................ 11<br />
Scutarcopagia ...................... 15<br />
Scutus ................................... 23<br />
Scyllaeidae ........................... 59<br />
Sebadoris.............................. 56<br />
Segmentina ........................... 62<br />
Semele .................................. 15<br />
Semelidae ............................. 15<br />
Semicassis ............................ 38<br />
Semifusus........................ 44, 45<br />
Semiricinula ......................... 46<br />
Semperula............................. 64<br />
Sepia..................................... 67<br />
Sepiacea ............................... 67<br />
Sepiadariidae........................ 67<br />
Sepiadarium ......................... 67<br />
Sepialla................................. 67<br />
Sepiella................................. 67<br />
Sepiida.................................. 67<br />
Sepiidae................................ 67<br />
Sepiola.................................. 67<br />
Sepiolidae............................. 67<br />
Sepioteuthis .......................... 68<br />
Septifer ................................... 6<br />
Sermyla................................. 30<br />
Serpulorbis........................... 40<br />
Sigatica................................. 36<br />
Siliqua .................................. 14<br />
Siliquaria.............................. 30<br />
77<br />
Siliquariidae......................... 30<br />
Sinum ....................................36<br />
Siphonaria.............................61<br />
Siphonariidae ....................... 61<br />
Siphonarioidea ..................... 61<br />
Skeneidae............................. 25<br />
Sodaliscala........................... 41<br />
Solecurtidae ......................... 16<br />
Solecurtus .............................16<br />
Solen .....................................14<br />
Solenidae.............................. 14<br />
Solenoidea............................ 14<br />
Solidula................................ 51<br />
Sorbeoconcha....................... 28<br />
Spathoteredo.........................20<br />
Sphaerassiminea ...................36<br />
Sphaeriidae ...........................17<br />
Spisula ..................................14<br />
Spondylidae ......................... 10<br />
Spondylus..............................10<br />
Standella .........................13, 14<br />
Stellaria.................................40<br />
Stenophysa ............................62<br />
Stenothyra.............................37<br />
Stenothyridae ....................... 37<br />
Stiliger ..................................55<br />
Stomatellidae ....................... 25<br />
Stomatia ................................25<br />
Streptaxidae ......................... 65<br />
Streptaxoidea ....................... 65<br />
Striarca ...............................4, 5<br />
Striostrea................................ 8<br />
Strombidae........................... 37<br />
Stromboidea......................... 37<br />
Strombus .........................37, 38<br />
Stylocheilus...........................54<br />
Stylommatophora................. 64<br />
Stylopsis ............................... 51<br />
Subcancilla ...........................48<br />
Subcuthona ...........................60<br />
Subulina ................................65<br />
Subulinidae .......................... 65<br />
Succinea................................64<br />
Succineidae.......................... 64<br />
Succineoidea........................ 64<br />
Syncera .................................36<br />
Syrnola..................................51<br />
Syphonota .............................54<br />
Systellommatophora ............ 63<br />
Taia.......................................28<br />
Tambja ..................................58<br />
Tapes...............................18, 19<br />
Tarebia..................................30<br />
Tectus....................................24<br />
Teinostoma........................... 37<br />
Telasco................................. 44<br />
Telescopium ......................... 30<br />
Tellina...................................15<br />
Tellinella...............................15<br />
Tellinidae ............................. 15
Tellinoidea............................15<br />
Terebra .................................49<br />
Terebralia.............................30<br />
Terebridae.............................49<br />
Teredinidae...........................20<br />
Teredo.............................20, 21<br />
Tergipedidae.........................60<br />
Tesseracme ...........................22<br />
Tethydidae ............................60<br />
Teuthida................................68<br />
Thais ...............................45, 46<br />
Thecacera .............................58<br />
Thecosomata.........................53<br />
Thelycytharella .....................50<br />
Theodoxus.............................26<br />
Thiara ...................................30<br />
Thiaridae...............................30<br />
Thordisa................................57<br />
Thuridilla..............................54<br />
Tiara .....................................47<br />
Tibia......................................38<br />
Timoclea ...............................19<br />
Tonna....................................38<br />
Tonnidae...............................38<br />
Tonnoidea.............................38<br />
Torinista ...............................51<br />
Tornatina ..............................53<br />
Trachia .................................67<br />
Trachycardium .....................12<br />
Trapezidae ............................16<br />
Trapezium.............................16<br />
Trichomya...............................6<br />
Tricolia .................................25<br />
Tridacna ...............................13<br />
Tridacnidae...........................13<br />
Tridacnoidea.........................13<br />
Trigonaphera........................50<br />
Trigonostoma........................50<br />
Triphoridae ...........................41<br />
Triphoroidea .........................41<br />
Trisidos...................................4<br />
Tritonia.................................59<br />
Tritoniidae ............................59<br />
Tritonioidea ..........................59<br />
Tritoniscus ............................39<br />
Trivia ..............................39, 40<br />
Triviidae ...............................39<br />
Trivirostra.............................39<br />
Trochidae..............................24<br />
Trochoidea............................24<br />
Trochomorpha ......................66<br />
Trochomorphidae..................66<br />
Trochonanina .......................66<br />
Trochus.................................24<br />
Tropaeas...............................52<br />
Tropeas.................................52<br />
Truncatella ...........................37<br />
Truncatellidae.......................37<br />
Tugurium ..............................40<br />
Turbinidae.............................25<br />
Turbinoidea .......................... 25<br />
Turbo.................................... 25<br />
Turbonilla............................. 52<br />
Turcica ................................. 24<br />
Turricula .............................. 50<br />
Turridae................................ 50<br />
Turris.................................... 50<br />
Turritella .............................. 30<br />
Turritellidae.......................... 30<br />
Tympanotonus ...................... 30<br />
Tympanotus .......................... 30<br />
Umbonium............................ 25<br />
Ungulinidae.......................... 10<br />
Unionidae............................. 10<br />
Unionoida............................. 10<br />
Unionoidea........................... 10<br />
Uroteuthis............................. 68<br />
Vaginula............................... 64<br />
Vanikoro............................... 39<br />
Vanikoridae.......................... 39<br />
Vanikoroidea........................ 39<br />
Vasticardium ........................ 12<br />
Velutinoidea ......................... 39<br />
Veneridae ............................. 17<br />
Veneroida............................. 11<br />
Veneroidea ........................... 17<br />
Venerupis ............................. 19<br />
Venus.............................. 18, 19<br />
Vepricardium.................. 12, 13<br />
Vermetidae ........................... 40<br />
Vermetoidea ......................... 40<br />
Vermetus............................... 40<br />
Veronicelloidea .................... 64<br />
Veronicellidae ...................... 64<br />
Verpa.................................... 21<br />
Vertagus ............................... 29<br />
Vetigastropoda ..................... 23<br />
Vexillum ............................... 47<br />
Videna .................................. 66<br />
Vitrinella .............................. 37<br />
Vitrinellidae.......................... 37<br />
Viriola .................................. 41<br />
Vittina................................... 27<br />
Vitularia ............................... 46<br />
Viviparidae........................... 28<br />
Viviparoidea......................... 28<br />
Viviparus .............................. 28<br />
Volachlamys ........................... 9<br />
Volema ........................... 44, 45<br />
Voluta................................... 48<br />
Volutidae.............................. 48<br />
Volutocorona........................ 48<br />
Volva .................................... 34<br />
Volvatella ............................. 54<br />
Volvatellidae ........................ 54<br />
Volvula ................................. 53<br />
Volvulella ............................. 53<br />
Vulsella................................... 7<br />
Wilhelminaia ........................ 66<br />
Williamia.............................. 61<br />
78<br />
Xenophora.............................40<br />
Xenophoridae....................... 40<br />
Xenophoroidea..................... 40<br />
Xenostrobus ........................... 6<br />
Yoldia .................................... 3<br />
Yoldiidae................................ 3<br />
Zafra .....................................43<br />
Zeuxis..............................43, 44<br />
Ziba...................................... 48