Shearwater references - Dutch Birding

Introduction 

I have endeavoured to keep typos, errors, omissions etc in this list to a minimum, however when 

you find more I would be grateful if you could mail the details during 2013 to: josephobbs@gmail.com. 

Grateful thanks to Ashley Fisher (www.scillypelagics.com) for the cover images. All images © the 

photographer. 

Joe Hobbs 

Index 

The general order of species follows the International Ornithologists' Union World Bird List (Gill, F. & 

Donsker, D. (eds.) 2012. IOC World Bird List. Available from: http://www.worldbirdnames.org/ 

[version 3.1 accessed June 2012]). 

Version 

Version 1.6 (December 2012). 

Cover 

Main image: Great Shearwater. At sea 3’ SW of the Bishop Rock, Scilly Isles. 8 August 2009. Picture 

by Ashley Fisher. 

Vignette: Sooty Shearwater. At sea off the Scilly Isles. 14 August 2009. Picture by Ashley Fisher. 

Species 

Page No. 

Audubon's Shearwater [Puffinus lherminieri] 27 

Balearic Shearwater [Puffinus mauretanicus] 23 

Bannerman's Shearwater [Puffinus bannermani] 29 

Barolo Shearwater [Puffinus baroli] 30 

Black-vented Shearwater [Puffinus opisthomelas] 24 

Boyd's Shearwater [Puffinus boydi] 30 

Bryan's Shearwater [Puffinus bryani] 24 

Buller's Shearwater [Puffinus bulleri] 12 

Cape Verde Shearwater [Calonectris edwardsii] 10 

Christmas Island Shearwater [Puffinus nativitatis] 19 

Cory's Shearwater [Calonectris borealis] 8 

Flesh-footed Shearwater [Puffinus carneipes] 17 

Fluttering Shearwater [Puffinus gavia] 26 

Galápagos Shearwater [Puffinus subalaris] 29 

Great Shearwater [Puffinus gravis] 18 

Heinroth's Shearwater [Puffinus heinrothi] 29 

Hutton's Shearwater [Puffinus huttoni] 26 

Little Shearwater [Puffinus assimilis] 30 

Macaronesian Shearwater [Puffinus sp.] 30 

Manx Shearwater [Puffinus puffinus] 20 

Newell's Shearwater [Puffinus newelli] 25 

Persian Shearwater [Puffinus persicus] 28 

1

Pink-footed Shearwater [Puffinus creatopus] 17 

Scopoli's Shearwater [Calonectris diomedea] 7 

Short-tailed Shearwater [Puffinus tenuirostris] 15 

Sooty Shearwater [Puffinus griseus] 13 

Streaked Shearwater [Calonectris leucomelas] 6 

Townsend's Shearwater [Puffinus auricularis] 25 

Tropical Shearwater [Puffinus bailloni] 28 

Wedge-tailed Shearwater [Puffinus pacificus] 10 

Yelkouan Shearwater [Puffinus yelkouan] 22 

2

Relevant Publications 

Ashmole, N.P. & Ashmole, M.J. 1967. Comparative Feeding Ecology of Sea Birds of a Tropical 

Oceanic Island. Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University. 

Blomdahl, A. et al 2003 & 2007. Flight Identification of European Seabirds. Christopher Helm, A & C 

Black, London. 

Brooke, M. 1990. The Manx Shearwater. T. & A.D. Poyser. 

Brooke, M. 2004. Albatrosses and Petrels across the World. Oxford University Press, Oxford & New 

York. 

Clarke, T. et al 2006. Birds of the Atlantic Islands. Christopher Helm, A & C Black, London. 

Cramp, S. & Simmons, K.E.L. (eds.) 1977. Handbook of the Birds of Europe, the Middle East and 

North Africa, The Birds of the Western Palearctic, Volume 1: Ostrich to Ducks. Oxford University 

Press. 

Cramp, S. et al 1974. The Seabirds of Britain and Ireland. Collins, London. 

Croxall, J.P. (ed.) 1991. Seabird Status and Conservation: A Supplement. ICBP / BirdLife Technical 

Publication Series 11. 

Croxall, J.P. (ed.) 2009. Seabirds: Feeding Ecology and Role in Marine Ecosystems. Cambridge 

University Press. 

del Hoyo, J. et al (eds.) 1992. Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 1. Ostrich to Ducks. Lynx 

Edicions, Barcelona. 

Enticott, J. & Tipling, D. 1997. Photographic Handbook of the Seabirds of the World. New Holland. 

Falla, R.A. et al 1987. Collins Guide to the Birds of New Zealand. Collins, Auckland and London. 

Garner, M. et al 2008. Frontiers in Birding. BirdGuides Ltd., Sheffield. 

Gaston, A.J. 2004. Seabirds: A Natural History. T. & A.D. Poyser, A & C Black, London. 

Harrison, P. 1983. Seabirds: an identification guide. Croom Helm. 

Harrison, P. 1985. Seabirds: an identification guide revised edition. Croom Helm. 

Harrison, P. 1987. Seabirds of the World A Photographic Guide. Christopher Helm, London. 

Howell, S.N.G. 2012. Petrels, Albatrosses & Storm-Petrels of North America: A Photographic Guide. 

Princeton University Press, New Jersey and Oxfordshire. 

Hume, R. & Pearson, B. 1993. Seabirds. Hamlyn Bird Behaviour Guides. Hamlyn, London. 

King, W.B. (ed.) 1974. Pelagic Studies of Seabirds in the Central and Eastern Pacific Ocean. 

Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington. 

Kuroda, N. 1954. On the Classification and Phylogeny of the order Tubinares, particularly the 

shearwaters (Puffinus), with special consideration on their osteology and habitat differentiation. 

Privately published, Tokyo. 

Lewington, I. et al 1991. A Field Guide to the Rare Birds of Britain and Europe. HarperCollins. 

Lloyd, C. et al 1991. The Status of Seabirds in Britain and Ireland. T. & A.D. Poyser, London. 

Löfgren, L. 1984. Ocean birds: their breeding biology and behaviour. Croom Helm, Beckenham. 

Mason, J.W. et al 2007. At-sea distribution and abundance of seabirds off southern California: a 20- 

year comparison. Cooper Ornithological Society. 

Marchant, S. & Higgins, P. (eds) 1990. Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds 

Volume 1: Ratites to Ducks. Part A: Ratites to Petrels. Oxford University Press, Australia. 

McSorley, C.A. et al 2008. Manx Shearwater Puffinus puffinus Evening Rafting Behaviour Around 

Colonies on Skomer, Rum and Bardsey. Joint Nature Conservation Committee Report Series 406. 

Mitchell, I.P. et al 2004. Seabird Populations of Britain and Ireland. T. & A.D. Poyser / A. & C. Black, 

London. 

Mulder, C.P.H. et al (eds.) 2011. Seabird Islands Ecology, Invasion, and Restoration. Oxford 

University Press, USA. 

Newton, A. 2010. The Great Shearwater In Scottish Waters (1900). Kessinger Publishing, LLC. 

[facsimile reprint]. 

Onley, D. & Bartle, S. 1999. Identification of Seabirds of the Southern Ocean: A Guide for Scientific 

Observers Aboard Fishing Vessels. Te Papa Press. 

Onley, D. & Scofield, P. 2007. Albatrosses, Petrels and Shearwaters of the World. Christopher Helm, 

A & C Black, London. 

Parkin, D.T. & Knox, A.G. 2010. The Status of Birds in Britain & Ireland. Christopher Helm, London. 

Parkinson, B. 2001 & 2007. Field Guide to New Zealand Seabirds. New Holland Publishers. 

Paterson, A. 2012. Pelagic Birds of the North Atlantic: an identification guide. New Holland. 

Paterson, A.M. 1997. Las aves marinas de España y Portugal [Seabirds of Spain and Portugal with 

English summaries]. Lynx Edicons, Barcelona. 

Pratt, H.D. et al 1987. The Birds of Hawaii and the Tropical Pacific. Princeton University Press. 

Robb, M. et al 2008. Petrels night and day. The Sound Approach, Poole, Dorset. 

3

Ruiz, A. & Martí, R. (eds.) 2004. La Pardela Balear [The Balearic Shearwater]. SEO/BirdLIfe - 

Consellería de Medi Ambient del Govern de les Illes Balears. Madrid. 

Schreiber, E.A. & Burger, J. 2002. Biology of Marine Birds. CRC Press. 

Shirihai, H. & Jarrett, B. 2002. A Complete Guide to Antarctic Wildlife, The Birds and Marine 

Mammals of the Antarctic Continent and Southern Ocean. Alula Press Oy, Finland. 

Shirihai, H. & Jarrett, B. 2007. A Complete Guide to Antarctic Wildlife Birds and Marine Mammals of 

the Antarctic Continent and Southern Ocean, 2nd edition. A & C Black, London. 

Sinclair, I. & Langrand, O. 2003. Birds of the Indian Ocean Islands: Madagascar, Mauritius, 

Réunion, Rodrigues, Seychelles and the Comoros. C. Struik, Cape Town. 

Snow, D.W. & Perrins, C.M. (eds.) 1998. The Birds of the Western Palearctic Concise Edition 

Volume 1, Non-Passerines. Oxford University Press. 

Spear, L.B. et al 2007. Foraging Dynamics of Seabirds in the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean. Cooper 

Ornithological Society. 

Telfer, T.C. 1983. Hawaiian dark-rumped petrel and Newell's manx shearwater recovery plan. 

University of Michigan Library. 

Tuck, G.S. & Heinzel, H. 1978. A Field Guide to the Seabirds of Britain and the World. Collins. 

van Duivendijk, N. 2010 & 2011. Advanced Bird ID Guide, The Western Palearctic. New Holland. 

van Perlo, B. 2011. Collins Field Guide: Birds of New Zealand, Hawaii, Central and West Pacific. 

Harper Collins. 

Vermeer, K. et al (eds.). 1993. The Status, Ecology and Conservation of Marine Birds in the North 

Pacific. Canadian Wildlife Service Special Publication, Ottawa. 

Vinicombe, K. et al. 1989. The Macmillan Field Guide to Bird Identification. Macmillan Press, London 

and Basingstoke. 

General Notes 

Austin, J.J. et al 1996. Molecular phylogenetics of Puffinus shearwaters: preliminary evidence from 

mitochondiral cytochrome-b gene sequences. Molecular and Phylogenetic Evolution 6: 77-88. 

Austin, J.J. et al 2004. A global molecular phylogeny of the small Puffinus shearwaters and 

implications for systematics of the Little-Audubon’s complex. The Auk 121(3): 847-864. 

Baillon, F. & Dubois, P. 1992. Seawatching from Cape Verde, Senegal. Birding World 49(12): 440- 

442. 

Ballance, D.K. 2004. Birdwatching from cargo ships. British Birds 97(1): 16-26. 

Bonaccorsi, G. 2003. Les procellariiformes (Diomedeidae, Procellariidae et Hydrobatidae) non 

nicheurs en Méditerranée occidentale: une synthèse [Non-breeding procellariiformes 

(Diomedeidae, Procellariidae and Hydrobatidae) in the western Mediterranean]. Alauda 71(1): 1-7. 

Bourne, W.R.P. & Loveridge, A. 1978. Small Shearwaters from Ascension and St. Helena, South 

Atlantic Ocean. Ibis 120: 65-66. 

Bourne, W.R.P. 1986. Late summer distribution off the west coast of Europe. Irish Birds 3(2): 175- 

198. 

Bourne, W.R.P. 1995. The movements of Bulwer's Petrel and the larger shearwaters in the Atlantic 

Ocean. Sea Swallow 44: 49-52. 

Brazil, M.A. 1993. Seabirding in Japan. Dutch Birding 15(4): 160-166. 

Burruti, A. 1990. On two indeterminate shearwaters from South African waters. Bulletin of the British 

Ornithologists' Club 110: 66-70. 

Buurman, D. & Shirihai, H. 2003. Kaikoura, New Zealand: the World’s No.1 site for seabirds and 

marine mammals. Birding World 16(4): 161-172. 

Clarke, T. 1999. Autumn 1998 on the Azores. Birding World 12(5): 205-212 (206). 

Cooper, J. & Baker, G.B. 2008. Identifying candidate species for inclusion within the Agreement on 

the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels. Marine Ornithology 36: 1-8. 

Falla, R.A. 1960. Oceanic birds as dispersal agents. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 

Biological Sciences 152: 655-659. 

Flood, B. & Fisher, A. 2008. Short-range pelagic birding trips off the Isles of Scilly in August 2008. 

Birding World 21(8): 340-346. 

Fraser, M. 2004. ListCheck (Classification: Tubenoses). Birdwatch 149: 13. 

Fraser, M. 2004. ListCheck (Shearwaters. Genus Puffinus). Birdwatch 150: 11. 

Fraser, M. 2010. ListCheck (Extinctions: Lava Shearwater and Dune Shearwater). Birdwatch 216: 47. 

Friesen, V.L. et al 2007. Mechanisms of population differentiation in seabirds. Molecular Ecology 

16(9): 1765-1785. 

Gantlett, S. 1998. Bird forms in Britain. Birding World 11(6): 232-239. 

Gantlett, S. 1999. The 1999 Scillonian pelagic. Birding World 12(8): 315. 

4

Grubb, T.C. 1972. Smell and Foraging in Shearwaters and Petrels. Nature 237: 404-405. 

Heidrich, P. et al 1998. Phylogenetic relationships in Mediterranean and North Atlantic shearwaters 

(Aves : Procellariidae) based on nucleotide sequences of mtDNA. Biochemical Systematics and 

Ecology 26: 145-170. 

Hoffman, W. et al 1981. The Ecology of Seabird Feeding Flocks in Alaska. The Auk 98(3): 437-456. 

Holmström, N. 2005. A birding trip to the Salvage Islands. Birding World 18(8): 325-337. 

Howell, S.N.G. et al 1994. Identification of Manx-type Shearwaters in the eastern Pacific. Western 

Birds 25: 169-177. 

Imber, M.J. 1971. Filoplumes of petrels and shearwaters. New Zealand Journal of Marine and 

Freshwater Research 5(3-4): 396-403. 

Imber, M.J. 1976. The Origin of Petrel Stomach Oils: A Review. The Condor 78(3): 366-369. 

Jolliffe, R. 1990. Seabirds off the Salvage Islands. Dutch Birding 3(1): 34-37. 

Keitt, B.S. & Tershy, B.R. 2003. Cat eradication significantly decreases shearwater mortality. Animal 

Conservation 6: 307-308. 

Martin, A.R. 1986. Feeding association between dolphins and shearwaters around the Azores 

Islands. Canadian Journal of Zoology 64(6): 1372-1374. 

McGeehan, A. 2001. Autumn seawatching in Ireland. Dutch Birding 23(3): 119-131. 

Millington, R. 2008. Seabird splits in the Western Palearctic. Birding World 21(5): 214-215. 

Miskelly, C.M. et al 2009. Translocations of eight species of burrow-nesting seabirds (genera 

Pterodroma, Pelecanoides, Pachyptila and Puffinus: Family Procellariidae). Biological 

Conservation 142: 1965-1980. 

Mitchell, D. 2011. Birds of Britain: subspecies checklist v1.1. [online PDF]. Available from 

http://www.birdwatch.co.uk/categories/articleitem.aspcate=22&topic=155&item=800 [Accessed 

July 2011]. 

Monteiro, L.R. et al 1996. Past and present status and conservation of the seabirds breeding in the 

Azores Archipelago. Biological Conservation 78(3): 319-328. 

Mulder, R.J.W. 2011. Seabirding of southern Portugal. Dutch Birding 33(4): 223-228. 

Nunn, G.B. & Stanley, S.E. 1998. Body size effects and rates of cytochrome-b evolution in tubenosed 

seabirds. Molecular Biology and Evolution 15(10): 1360-1371. 

Olson, S.L. & James, H.F. 1982. Prodromus of the fossil avifauna of the Hawaiian Islands. 

Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 365. 

O'Sullivan, O. 2005. Discover birds (Shearwaters - Extraordinary seabirds). Wings 38: 24-26. 

Penhallurick, J. & Wink, M. 2004. Analysis of the taxonomy and nomenclature of the 

Procellariiformes based on complete nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b 

gene. Emu 104(2): 125-147. 

Pettit, T.N. et al 1985. Basal Metabolic Rate in Tropical Seabirds. The Auk 102(1): 172-174. 

Pollock, C.M. 1994. Observations on the distribution of seabirds off south-west Ireland. Irish Birds 

5(2): 173-182. 

Portier, B. 1999. Autumn seawatching in northern France in the 1990s. Birding World 12(8): 334-338. 

Rando, J.C. & Alcover, J.A. 2010. Evidence for a second Western Palearctic seabird extinction 

during the last millennium: the Lava Shearwater Puffinus olsoni. Ibis 150: 188-192. 

Rando, J.C. & Alcover, J.A. 2010. On the extinction of the Dune Shearwater Puffinus holeae from 

the Canary Islands. Journal of Ornithology 151: 365-369. 

Sangster, G. et al 1999. Dutch avifaunal list: species concepts, taxonomic instability, and taxonomic 

changes in 1977-1998. Ardea 87(1): 139-166. 

Shirihai, H. 2003. World of birds (Pelagic odyssey). Birdwatch 135: 36-41. 

Shirihai, H. 2009. The Zino's Petrel at sea expedition II - and the best pelagic birding in the Western 

Palearctic. Birding World 22(5): 204-218. 

Stagg, A. 2000. Shearwater passage along the north Cyprus coast. Sandgrouse 22(2): 125. 

Valeiras, J. 2003. Attendance of scavenging seabirds at trawler discards off Galicia, Spain. Scientia 

Marina 67(Supplement 2): 77-82. 

van den Berg, A.B. 2012. Dutch Birding-vogelnamen [Dutch Birding bird names] [online PDF]. 

Available from: http://www.dutchbirding.nl/page.phppage_id=228 [Accessed January 2012]. 

Wallace, D.I.M. & Bourne, W.R.P. 1981. Seabird movements along the east coast of England. British 

Birds 74(10): 417-426. 

Ward, M. 1999. Pelagics (On the crest of a wave). Birdwatch 86: 28-30. 

Wynn, R.B. & Knefelkamp, B. 2004. Seabird distribution and oceanic upwelling off northwest Africa. 

British Birds 97(7): 323-335. 

Young, S. 2012. Where to photograph birds (Scilly pelagics). Birdwatch 242: 60. 

5

Streaked Shearwater 

Calonectris leucomelas [Temminck 1835, seas of Japan and Nagasaki Bay]. 

Breeding: Islands off Hokkaido (N Japan) and S thru Izu Islands, Daito Islands, Ryukyu & Senkuku 

group (Japan region, NW Pacific) to Pescadores Island (Taiwan) and islands off E China, Korea & SE 

Russia. 

Non-breeding: South China Sea and sea around Philippines, Indonesia & New Guinea S to N 

Australia. 

Other names: White-faced Shearwater, White-fronted Shearwater, Streak-headed Shearwater. 

1st WP Record: 21 June 1992. Off the North Beach, Eilat, Gulf of Aqaba, Israel. John Morgan and 

Hadoram Shirihai, 2 or possibly 3 individuals that remained until 18 September at least (Morgan & 

Shirihai 1992). 

Anderson, R.C. & Baldock, M. 2001. New records of birds from the Maldives, with notes on other 

species. Forktail 17: 67-73. 

Brazil, M.A. 1993. Seabirding in Japan. Dutch Birding 15(4): 160-166 (plate 95, 162). 

Carter, M. 1983. Streaked Shearwaters in northern Australia. Australian Bird Watcher 10: 113-121. 

Cheshire, N. 2010. Procellariiformes observed around Papua New Guinea including the Bismarck 

Archipelago from 1985 to 2007. South Australian Ornithologist 36(1-2): 9-24 (16). 

Cooper, D. & Kay, B. 2010. Autumn bird migration on Hegura-jima, Japan. Birding World 23(8): 355- 

364 (plate 2, 356). 

Faulkner, D. 2006. A Streaked Shearwater (Calonectris leucomelas) record for Wyoming. North 

American Birds 60(3): 324-326. 

Fraser, M. 2007. ListCheck (Relationships: Calonectris shearwaters). Birdwatch 177: 55. 

Gómez-Díaz, E. et al 2006. Phylogeography of the Calonectris shearwaters using molecular and 

morphometric data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 41: 322-332. 

Lee, K-G. & Yoo, J-C. 2002. Breeding Population of Streaked Shearwaters (Calonectris leucomelas) 

and the Effect of Norway Rat (Rattus norvegicus) Predation on Sasudo Island. Journal of the 

Yamashina Institute for Ornithology 33(2): 142-147. 

Lee, K-G. & Yoo, J-C. 2004. Variation in Chick Provisioning of Streaked Shearwaters (Calonectris 

leucomelas) during the Early Nstling Stage. Journal of the Yamashina Institute for Ornithology 

35(2): 105-119. 

Maesako, Y. 1999. Impacts of streaked shearwater (Calonectris leucomelas) on tree seedling 

regeneration in a warm-temperate evergreen forest on Kanmurijima Island, Japan. Plant Ecology 

145: 183-190. 

McBride, A.P. 1985. A Streaked Shearwater off Wollongong, New South Wales. Australian Birds 19: 

50-51. 

Moores, N. 2007. Selected records from Socheong Island, South Korea. Forktail 23: 102-124 (109). 

Morgan, J. & Shirihai, H. 1992. Streaked Shearwater in Israel - A New Western Palearctic Bird. 

Birding World 5(9): 344-347. 

Nariko, O. 1994. Underwater feeding of three shearwaters: Pale-footed (Puffinus carneipes), Sooty 

(Puffinus griseus) and Streaked (Calonectris leucomelas) Shearwaters. Journal of the Yamashina 

Institute for Ornithology 26(1): 81-84. 

Nariko, O. 2004. The Distribution of Streaked Shearwater Colonies, with Special Attention to 

Population Size, Area of Sea Where Located and Surface Water Temperature. Journal of the 

Yamashina Institute for Ornithology 35(2): 164-188. 

Ochi, D. et al 2010. Foraging trip decisions by the streaked shearwater Calonectris leucomelas 

depend on both parental and chick state. Journal of Ethology 28(2): 313-321. 

Oka, N. et al 2002. Chick Growth and Fledgling Performance of Streaked Shearwaters Calonectris 

leucomelas on Mikura Island for Two Breeding Seasons. Journal of the Yamashina Institute for 

Ornithology 34(1): 39-59. 

Roberson, D. et al 1977. A Streaked Shearwater in California. North American Birds 31(6): 1097- 

1098. 

Takahashi, A. et al 2008. Post-breeding movement and activities of two Streaked Shearwaters in the 

north-western Pacific. Ornithological Science 7(1): 29-35. 

van den Berg, A.B. et al 1982. First sight-record of White-faced Shearwater Calonectris leucomelas 

in Sri Lanka. Ardea 70: 83. 

Wiles, G.J. et al 2000. Noteworthy Bird Records for Micronesia, with a Summary of Raptor Sightings 

in the Mariana Islands, 1988-1999. Micronesica 32(2): 257-284 (258). 

Yamamoto, T. et al 2008. The lunar cycle affects at-sea behaviour in a pelagic seabird, the streaked 

shearwater, Calonectris leucomelas. Animal Behaviour 76(5): 1647-1652. 

6

Scopoli's Shearwater 

Calonectris diomedea [Scopoli 1769, no locality; Tremiti Islands, Adriatic Sea]. 

Breeding: Balearic Islands, Malta, Sardinia and islands off France, Algeria, Tunisia, Italy, Greece & 

Croatia. 

Non-breeding: N & S Atlantic W to the coast of North America and S to the coast of Nambia & South 

Africa and perhaps Indian Ocean. 

Giovanni Antonio Scopoli, aka Johannes Antonius Scopoli (1723-1788), Austro-Italian physician and 

naturalist. 

Andrew, D.G. 1990. Letter (Shearwaters, sirens and halcyons). British Birds 83(8): 334-335. 

Borg, J.J. & Sultana, J. 2002. Status and distribution of the breeding Procellariiformes in Malta. il- 

Merill 30: 10-15. 

Bourne, W.R.P. 1990. Letters (Ancient bird names). British Birds 83(12): 555-556. 

Bradshaw, C. et al 2005. The Carl Zeiss Award (Scopoli’s Shearwater, 10km south of Scilly, August 

2004). British Birds 98(11): 600-603. 

Bretagnolle, V. & Lequette, B. 1990. Structural Variation in the Call of the Cory's Shearwater 

(Calonectris diomedea, Aves, Procellariidae). Ethology 85(4): 313-323. 

Brichetti, P. et al 2000. Does El Nino affect survival rate of Mediterranean populations of Cory's 

Shearwater Waterbirds 23(2): 147-154. 

British Ornithologists’ Union 2007. British Ornithologists’ Union Records Committee: 34th Report 

(October 2006). Ibis 149: 194-197. 


(October 2008). Ibis 151: 224-230. 

Callahan, D. 2010. Taxonomy (Seabird splits). Birdwatch 217: 25-27. 

Dall'Antonia, L. et al 1995. The homing behaviour of Cory's Shearwaters (Calonectris diomedea) 

studied by means of a direction recorder. Journal of Experimental Biology 198: 359-362. 

Erterius, D. 2005. A Scopoli’s Shearwater off Sweden. Birding World 18(6): 246. 

Fisher, A. & Flood, B. 2004. A Scopoli’s Shearwater off the Isles of Scilly. Birding World 17(8): 334- 

336. 

Fisher, E.A. & Flood, R.L. 2010. Scopoli’s Shearwater off Scilly: new to Britain. British Birds 103(12): 

712-717. 

Flint, P.R. 1999. Cory's Shearwater Calonectris diomedea off northern Cyprus in autumn 1998. 

Sandgrouse 21(2): 176-177. 

Flood, B. 2004. Reports (Scopoli's is sheer good luck. Scopoli's Shearwater: at sea off Scilly, 2 

August 2004). Birdwatch 148: 59. 


Gómez-Díaz, E. & González-Solís, J. 2007. Geographic assignment of seabirds to their origin: 

combining morphologic, genetic, and biogeochemical analyses. Ecological Applications 17: 1484- 

1498. 



Goodman, S.M. & Vance-Haynes, C. 1991. A Cory’s Shearwater Calonectris diomedea in the 

Egyptian Western Desert. Sandgrouse 13(2): 104-106. 

Granadeiro, J.P. 1993. Variation in measurements of Cory's shearwater between populations and 

sexing by discriminant analysis. Ringing & Migration 14(2): 103-112. 

Gutiérrez, R. 1998. Flight identification of Cory’s and Scopoli’s Shearwaters. Dutch Birding 20(5): 

216-225. 

Howell, S.N.G. & Patteson, J.B. 2008. Variation in Cory’s and Scopoli’s Shearwaters. Alula 14(1): 

12-21. 

Kehoe, C. 2006. Racial identification and assessment in Britain: a report from the RIACT 

subcommittee. British Birds 99(12): 619-645 (625). 

King, J. 1998. OrnithoNews (Cory's shearwater mix). Birding World 11(7): 242. 

Krieg, H-J. 1991. Gelbschnabel-Sturmtaucher Calonectris diomedea vor der Krim [Cory’s Shearwater 

Calonectris diomedea off Crimea, USSR]. Limicola 5(2): 78-79. 

Lorenzo, J.A. & Barone, R. 2007. Pardela cenicienta Calonectris diomedea [Cory’s Shearwater], pp. 

103-108. Found in: Lorenzo, J.A. (ed.). Atlas de las aves nidificantes en el archipiélago canario 

(1997-2003). Dirección General de Conservación de la Naturaleza – Sociedad Española de 

Ornitología (SEO/BirdLife), Madrid. 

Madge, S. 2003. Identification matters (Three of a kind). Birdwatch 133: 22-25. 

7

Massa, B. 2006. Biological significance and conservation of biogeographical bird populations as 

shown by selected Mediterranean species. Avocetta 30: 5-14. 

Mays, G. et al 2006. Première nidification du Puffin cendré (Calonectris diomedea) sur la façade 

atlantique française [First record of Scopoli's Shearwater breeding on the French coast of Biscay]. 

Ornithos 13(5): 316-319. 

Oschadleus, D. et al 2001. Cory's & Scopoli's Shearwaters. Africa Birds and Birding 6(2): 22-23. 

Sangster, G. et al 2012. Taxonomic recommendations for British Birds: eight report. Ibis 154(4): 874- 

883 (875). 

Shirihai, H. 1987. Shearwaters and other tubenoses at Eilat. Dutch Birding 9(4): 152-157. 

Thibault, J-C. & Bretagnolle, V. 1998. A Mediterranean breeding colony of Cory’s Shearwater 

Calonectris diomedea in which individuals showed behavioural and biometric characters of the 

Atlantic subspecies. Ibis 140: 523-528. 

Cory's Shearwater 

Calonectris borealis [Cory 1881]. 

Breeding: Berlengas Islands (off WC Portugal), Azores & Canary Islands and Almeria (Spain) & 

Chafarinas Islands (Alboran Sea off the N coast of Morocco). 

Non-breeding: N & S Atlantic to W Indian Ocean. 

Charles Barney Cory (1857-1921), American ornithologist and one of the founders of the American 

Ornithologists’ Union. 


Berrow, S.D. 1993. Cory’s Shearwater taking tuna lure. Irish Birds 5(1): 78. 

Bird, D. 1994. The field characters of distant Great and Cory’s Shearwaters. Birding World 7(7): 279- 

282. 


Merill 30: 10-15. 


Box, T.A. 1985. Notes (Feeding behaviour and voice of Cory’s Shearwater at sea). British Birds 

78(10): 507-508. 

Bretagnolle, V. & Lequette, B. 1990. Structural Variation in the Call of the Cory's Shearwater 

(Calonectris diomedea, Aves, Procellariidae). Ethology 85(4): 313-323. 


(October 2006). Ibis 149: 194-197. 


(October 2008). Ibis 151: 224-230. 

Callahan, D. 2010. Taxonomy (Seabird splits). Birdwatch 217: 25-27. 

Camphuysen, C.J.K. & van der Meer, J. 2001. Pelagic distribution, moult and (sub-)specific status 

of Cory's Shearwaters Calonectris (d.) diomedea / borealis wintering off Southern Africa. Marine 

Ornithology 29: 89-96. 

Ebels, E.B. 2002. Transatlantic vagrancy of Palearctic species to the Caribbean region. Dutch Birding 

24(4): 202-209 (204). 

Fontaine, R. et al 2011. The impact of introduced predators, light-induced mortality of fledglings and 

poaching on the dynamics of the Cory’s shearwater (Calonectris diomedea) population from the 

Azores, northeastern subtropical Atlantic. Biological Conservation 144(7): 1998-2011. 


Giudici, A. et al 2010. Physiological ecology of breeders and sabbaticals in a pelagic seabird. 

Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 389: 13-17. 



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Granadeiro, J.P. 1993. Variation in measurements of Cory's shearwater between populations and 

sexing by discriminant analysis. Ringing & Migration 14(2): 103-112. 

Granadeiro, J.P. et al 1998. Flexible foraging strategy of Cory's shearwater, Calonectris diomedea, 

during the chick-rearing period. Animal Behaviour 56(5): 1169-1176. 

Gutiérrez, R. 1998. Flight identification of Cory’s and Scopoli’s Shearwaters. Dutch Birding 20(5): 

216-225. 

8

Haass, N. & Engelhardt, C. 2002. Letters (Calonectris shearwaters off West Africa). Birding World 

14(12): 514. 

Hamer, K.C. & Hill, J.K. 1993. Variation and Regulation of Meal Size and Feeding Frequency in 

Cory's Shearwater Calonectris diomedea. Journal of Animal Ecology 62(3): 441-450. 

Haney, J.C. & McGillivary, P.A. 1985. Aggregations of Cory's Shearwaters (Calonectris diomedea) 

at Gulf Stream fronts. The Wilson Bulletin 97(2): 191-200. 

Harrison, P. 1988. Seabirding aboard the Chalice in 1988. Birding World 1(10): 345-348. 

Heselden, R. & Shorten, M. 1990. Shearwater passage off County Cork in Autumn 1989. Cork Bird 

Report 1989 pp. 73-78. 

Howell, S.N.G. & Patteson, J.B. 2008. Variation in Cory’s and Scopoli’s Shearwaters. Alula 14(1): 

12-21. 

Kehoe, C. 2006. Racial identification and assessment in Britain: a report from the RIACT 

subcommittee. British Birds 99(12): 619-645 (625). 

Kennedy, P. et al 1983. Notes (Apparent feeding association between Gannet and Cory’s 

Shearwater). British Birds 76(12): 573. 

Klomp, N.I. & Furness, R.W. 1992. Patterns of chick feeding in Cory’s shearwaters and associations 

with ambient light. Colonial Waterbirds 15(1): 95-102. 


Konrad, V. 1990. Rätselvogel 18: Gelbschnabel-Sturmtaucher Calonectris diomedea [Mystery Bird 

18: Cory’s Shearwater Calonectris diomedea]. Limicola 4(4): 219-220. 

Lorenzo, J.A. & Barone, R. 2007. Pardela cenicienta Calonectris diomedea [Cory’s Shearwater], pp. 

103-108. Found in: Lorenzo, J.A. (ed.). Atlas de las aves nidificantes en el archipiélago canario 

(1997-2003). Dirección General de Conservación de la Naturaleza – Sociedad Española de 

Ornitología (SEO/BirdLife), Madrid. 


Marr, T. & Porter, R. 1992. Spring seabird passage off Senegal. Birding World 5(10): 391-394. 

McAdams, D. et al 2012. Pelagic birding (Petrel emotions). Birdwatch 245: 32-35. 

McGeehan, A. & Gutiérrez, R. 1998. Identification (Great dilemmas). Birdwatch 73: 32-36. 

Merne, O.J. 1998. Notes (Diving behaviour of Cory’s Shearwater). British Birds 91(6): 231-232. 

Moore, C.C. 1995. Notes (Cory’s Shearwater pursuing and apparently consuming flying-fish). British 

Birds 88(1): 47. 

Morgan, P.G. 1986. Notes (Cory’s Shearwaters associating with dolphins). British Birds 79(2): 87. 

Mougin, J-L. et al 2002. Inexperienced birds and breeding in the Cory’s Shearwater (Calonectris 

diomedea). Journal of Ornithology 143: 57-63. 

Mougin, J-L. et al 2002. The time of first returns to land by Cory’s Shrearwater Calonectris 

(diomedea) borealis on Selvagem Grande during the breeding period. Atlantic Seabirds 4: 63-72. 

Olivera, P. et al 2010. Successful eradication of the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and 

house mouse (Mus musculus) from the island of Selvagem Grande (Macaronesian archipelago), in 

the Eastern Atlantic. Integrative Zoology 5(1): 70-83. 

Oschadleus, D. et al 2001. Cory's & Scopoli's Shearwaters. Africa Birds and Birding 6(2): 22-23. 


5(2): 173-182. 

Porter, R. & Marr, T. 1992. Uncharted waters. Birdwatch 1(5): 32-33. 

Ristow, D. & Wink, M. 1980. Sexual dimorphism in Cory’s Shearwater. il-Merill 21: 9-12. 

Rodríguez, A. & Rodríguez, B. 2009. Attraction of petrels to artificial lights in the Canary Islands: 

effects of the moon phase and age class. Ibis 151: 299-310. 

Rodríguez, A. et al 2012. Trends in numbers of petrels attracted to artificial lights suggest population 

declines in Tenerife, Canary Islands. Ibis 154(1): 167-172. 

Rodríguez, B. et al 2003. Status and distribution of breeding seabirds in the northern islets of 

Lanzarote, Canary Islands. Atlantic Seabirds 5(2): 41-56. 


883 (875). 

Sharrock, J.T.R. 1983. Identification pitfalls and assessment problems (1. Cory’s Shearwater 

Calonectris diomedea). British Birds 76(1): 26-28. 

Sultana, J. & Borg, J. 1996. Letters (European Storm-petrels and other seabirds without their toes). 

British Birds 89(4): 185-186. 

Thibault, J-C. & Bretagnolle, V. 1998. A Mediterranean breeding colony of Cory’s Shearwater 

Calonectris diomedea in which individuals showed behavioural and biometric characters of the 

Atlantic subspecies. Ibis 140: 523-528. 

9

van Bemmelen, R.S.A. et al 2007. Masters of Mystery – Solutions of sixth round 2006 (Yelkouan 

Shearwater). Dutch Birding 29(1): 35-36. 

Vinicombe, K. 2008. ID in depth (Great and Cory’s Shearwaters). Birdwatch 193: 34-36. 

Ward, M. 2000. Rough passage. Birdwatch 98: 22-27 (22). 

Xavier, J.C. et al 2011. Changes in diet of Cory’s Shearwaters Calonectris diomedea breeding in the 

Azores. Marine Ornithology 39: 129-134. 

Cape Verde Shearwater 

Calonectris edwardsii [Oustalet 1883]. 

Breeding: Cape Verde Islands. 

Non-breeding: Not fully established although recorded off the E coast of USA. 

Alphonse Milne-Edwards (1835-1900), French mammalologist, ornithologist and carcinologist. 

Barone, R. & Hering, J. 2010. Recent bird records from Fogo, Cape Verde Islands. Bulletin of the 

African Bird Club 17(1): 72-78 (73). 

Bourne, W.R.P. 1986. Recent work on the origin and suppression of bird species in the Cape Verde 

Islands, especially the shearwaters, the herons, the kites and the sparrows. Bulletin of the British 

Ornithologist's Club 106(4): 163-170. 

Eds. 2004. Pigeonhole (Three new firsts for North America). Birding World 17(8): 352. 

Fagundes, I. et al 2012. Cape Verde Shearwater in Selvagens in April 2012. Dutch Birding 34(5): 

310-311. 

Fraser, M. 2005. ListCheck (North American list: Cape Verde Shearwater). Birdwatch 156: 61. 




1498. 



Haass, N. & Engelhardt, C. 2002. Letters (Calonectris shearwaters off West Africa). Birding World 

14(12): 514. 


Lima, P.C. et al 2002. Notas sobre os registros brasileiros de Calonectris edwardsii (Oustalet, 1883) 

e Pelagodroma marina hypoleuca (Moquin-Tandon, 1841) e primeiro registro de Phalacrocorax 

bransfieldensis Murphy, 1936 para o Brasil [Notes on the Brazilian records of Calonectris 

edwardsii (Oustalet, 1883) and Pelagodroma marina hypoleuca (Moquin-Tandon, 1841) and first 

record of Phalacrocorax bransfieldensis Murphy, 1936 for Brazil]. Ararajuba 10: 263-265. 


Nunes, M. & Hazevoet, C. 2001. Sites to save (Cape Verde seabirds in trouble). World Birdwatch 

23(2): 24-26. 

Olmos, F. 2002. At-sea records of Cape Verde Shearwaters Calonectris edwardsii in Brazil. Atlantic 

Seabirds 4: 77-80. 

Patteson, B. & Sutherland, K. 2009. Gadfly petrels and other seabirds in the Gulf Stream off Cape 

Hatteras. Birding World 22(4): 151-161. 

Patteson, J.B. & Armistead, G.L. 2005. First record of Cape Verde Shearwater (Calonectris 

edwardsii) for North America. North American Birds 58: 468-473. 

Perry, M.V. et al 2000. Occurrence of the Cape Verde Shearwater Calonectris edwardsii on the 

Brazilian coast. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 120: 198-200. 

Porter, R. et al 1997. Identification of Cape Verde Shearwater. Birding World 10(6): 222-228. 


883 (875). 

Vinicombe, K. 2008. ID in depth (Great and Cory’s Shearwaters). Birdwatch 193: 34-36 (36). 

Wedge-tailed Shearwater 

Puffinus pacificus [Gmelin 1789, Pacific Ocean]. 

Breeding: Madagascar, Seychelles and vicinity E to W Australia (Indian Ocean) and Japan S to E 

Australia and E to Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia) and Pitcairn (C Pacific) and Revillagigedo 

Islands (off W Mexico). 

Non-breeding: Some populations largely sedentary others at extreme N & S limits of range probably 

move towards tropical regions in Pacific and Indian oceans. 

1st WP Record: 10 March 1988. Off Port Said, Egypt (Hirschfeld & Oreel 1988). 

10

Ackerman, R.A. et al 1980. Oxygen Consumption, Gas Exchange, and Growth of Embryonic Wedge- 

Tailed Shearwaters (Puffinus pacificus chlororhynchus). Physiological Zoology 53(2): 210-221. 

Allen, D. et al 2006. New bird records for the Babuyan islands, Philippines, including two first records 

for the Philippines. Forktail 22: 57-70 (60). 

Baduini, C.L. 2002. Parental provisioning patterns of Wedge-tailed Shearwaters and their relation to 

chick body condition. The Condor 104: 823-831. 

Bancroft, W.J. 2008. Nearest neighbour analysis and spatial relationships of Wedge-tailed 

Shearwater, Puffinus pacificus, (Aves: Procellariiformes) burrow entrances at Radar Reef, Rottnest 

Island, Western Australia. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 142: 31-34. 

Bancroft, W.J. 2009. Research and recreational disturbance of Wedge-tailed Shearwater burrows on 

Rottnest Island, Western Australia: Managing human traffic in burrowing seabird colonies. 

Ecological Management & Restoration 10: 64-71. 

Bancroft, W.J. et al 2004. A new method for calculating volume of excavated burrows: the 

geomorphic impact of Wedge-tailed Shearwater burrows on Rottnest Island. Functional Ecology 

18: 752-759. 

Bancroft, W.J. et al 2004. Continued expansion of the Wedge-tailed Shearwater, Puffinus pacificus, 

nesting colonies on Rottnest Island, Western Australia. Emu 104: 79-82. 

Bancroft, W.J. et al 2005. Burrow entrance attrition rate in Wedge-tailed Shearwater Puffinus 

pacificus colonies on Rottnest Island, Western Australia. Marine Ornithology 33: 23-26. 

Bancroft, W.J. et al 2008. Vertebrate fauna associates of the Wedge-tailed Shearwater, Puffinus 

pacificus, colonies of Rottnest Island: influence of an ecosystem engineer. Papers and 

Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 142: 21-30. 

Burger, A.E. & Lawrence, A.D. 2001. Census of Wedge-tailed Shearwaters Puffinus pacificus and 

Audubon's Shearwaters P. lherminieri on Cousin Island, Seychelles using call-playback. Marine 


Burger, A.E. 2001. Diving depths of Shearwaters. The Auk 118(3): 755-759. 

Campbell, O. 2012. Summer seawatching on the edge of Arabia. Birding World 25(6): 258-263 (plate 

2, 259). 

Cheah, C.C. & Hansen, I.A. 1970. Stomach oil and tissue lipids of the petrels Puffinus pacificus and 

Pterodroma Macroptera. International Journal of Biochemistry 1(2): 203-208. 



Congdon, B.C. et al 2005. Dual foraging strategy in a tropical procellariid, the Wedge-tailed 

Shearwater. Marine Ecology Progress Series 301: 293-301. 

Copsey, J.A. & Kraaijeveld, K. 1998. A short study of the wedge-tailed shearwater (Puffinus 

pacificus) on Cousine Island, Seychelles. Phelsuma 6: 53-57. 

de Groot, H. 1997. Pelagic seabirds off Woolongong, Australia. Dutch Birding 19(5): 238-241 (plate 

243, 239). 

Dyer, P.K. & Hill, G.J.E. 1991. A Solution to the Problem of Determining the Occupancy Status of 

Wedge-Tailed Shearwater Puffinus pacificus Burrows. Emu 91(1): 20-25. 

Dyer, P.K. 2000. Wedge-tailed Shearwaters on Mudjimba Island, Queensland: numbers and breeding 

success. Corella 24: 15-18. 

Dyer, P.K. 2001. Burrow occupancy by Wedge-tailed Shearwaters and Flesh-footed Shearwaters on 

Lord Howe Island. Corella 26: 38-40. 

Dyer, P.K. 2003. A decline in the number of Wedge-tailed Shearwaters breeding on Raine Island. 

Corella 27: 13-17. 

Fry, D.M. et al 1986. Reduced reproduction of wedge-tailed shearwaters exposed to weathered Santa 

Barbara crude oil. Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 15(4): 453-463. 

Gill, F. 1990. ABA Checklist Report, 1988-1989. Birding XXII(3): 130-135. 

Harrison, C.S. 1988. Hawaii’s Outer Limits – Seabirds of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Birder’s 

World 2(4): 17-21. 

Hill, G. & Rosier, J. 1989. Wedge-tailed Shearwaters, White-capped Noddies and tourist 

development on Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Journal of Environmental 

Management 29: 107-114. 

Hirschfeld, E. & Oreel, G.J. 1988. Recent WP reports. Dutch Birding 10(3): 147. 

Howell, T.R. & Bartholomew, G.A. 1961. Temperature Regulation in Nesting Bonin Island Petrels, 

Wedge-Tailed Shearwaters, and Christmas Island Shearwaters. The Auk 78(3): 343-354. 

Hutton, I. et al 2008. Plastic ingestion by Flesh-footed (Puffinus carneipes) and Wedge-tailed (P. 

pacificus) Shearwaters. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 142(1): 1-6. 

Jackson, C. 2002. Home and away (Kauai, Hawaii). Birding World 15(4): 158-160 (159). 

11

Kaufman, K. 1988. Answers to August Photo Quiz - Advanced (dark morph Wedge-tailed 

Shearwater). Birding XX(5): 317-319. 

Ogden, J. 1979. Estimates of the population sizes of the Black Noddy and Wedge-tailed Shearwater 

at Heron Island in 1978. Sunbird 10: 33-39. 

Peck, D.R. & Congdon, B.C. 2005. Colony-specific foraging behaviour and co-ordinated divergence 

of chick development in the Wedge-tailed Shearwater Puffinus pacificus. Marine Ecology Progress 

Series 299: 289-296. 

Peck, D.R. & Congdon, B.C. 2006. Sex-specific chick provisioning and diving behaviour in the 

Wedge-tailed Shearwater. Journal of Avian Biology 37: 1-7. 

Peck, D.R. et al 2004. Sea surface temperature constrains Wedge-tailed Shearwater foraging 

success within breeding seasons. Marine Ecology Progress Series 281: 259-266. 

Peck, D.R. et al 2008. Morphological and molecular variation within an ocean basin in Wedge-tailed 

Shearwaters (Puffinus pacificus). Marine Biology 153: 1113-1125. 

Powlesland, R.G. & Pickard, C.R. 1992. Seabirds found dead on New Zealand beaches in 1988, 

and a review of Puffinus species recoveries, 1943 to 1988. Notornis 39(1): 27-46. 

Roberts, P.E. et al 1975: Wedge-tailed Shearwaters on Muttonbird Island, Coffs Harbour, NSW. Emu 

75: 19-22. 

Rogers, A.E.F. 1975. Movements of Wedge-tailed Shearwaters off the coast of New South Wales. 

Emu 75: 178-180. 

Smith, D.G. et al 2002. Comparison of managed and unmanaged wedge-tailed shearwater colonies 

on Oàhu: effects of predation. Pacific Science 56: 451-457. 

Smithers, B.V. et al 2003. Elevated sea surface temperature and reproductive failure of Wedge-tailed 

Shearwaters (Puffinus pacificus) in the Southern Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Marine & 

Freshwater Research 54: 973-977. 

Steadman, D.W. et al 1990. Extinction, Biogeography, and Human Exploitation of Birds on Tikopia 

and Anuta, Polynesian Outliers in the Solomon Islands. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 30: 

118-153 (127). 

Wood, K.A. 1993. Feeding behaviour, offal preferences and tarsus shape of Puffinus shearwaters off 

central New South Wales. Notornis 40(2): 123-127. 

Work, T.M. & Rameyer, R.A. 1999. Mass stranding of Wedge-tailed Shearwater chicks in Hawaii. 

Journal of Wildlife Deseases 35(3): 487-495. 

Buller's Shearwater 

Puffinus bulleri [Salvin 1888, New Zealand]. 

Breeding: Poor Knights Island (off North Island, New Zealand). 

Non-breeding: Disperses over much of the Pacific. 

Other names: Grey-backed Shearwater, New Zealand Shearwater. 

Sir Walter Lawry Buller (1838-1906), New Zealand ornithologist and lawyer who also spent time as a 

Government minister between 1896 and 1899. He was the first native-born New Zealander to 

establish a reputation as a scientist of international status. 

Cheshire, N.G. 1974. Sightings of Buller’s Shearwater in Fijian and Tongan waters. Notornis 21: 182. 

Falla, R.A. 1924. Discovery of a Breeding Place of Buller's Shearwater, Poor Knights Island, N.Z. 

Emu 24: 37-43. 

Flood, B. 2004. Pelagic Day-Trips off Australia and New Zealand. Alula 10(4): 170-180 (176). 

Freeman, A. 1992. Petrels on the Mernoo Bank and Chatham Rise. Notornis 39(1): 57-58. 

Gould, P. et al 1998. Foods of Buller's Shearwaters (Puffinus bulleri) associated with driftnet fisheries 

in the central North Pacific Ocean. Notornis 45(2): 81-92. 

Harper, P.C. 1983. Biology of Buller’s Shearwater (Puffinus bulleri) at the Poor Knights Islands, New 

Zealand. Notornis 30: 299-318. 

Jenkins, J.A.F. 1974. Local distribution and feeding habits of Buller's Shearwater (Puffinus bulleri). 

Notornis 21: 109-120. 

Jenkins, J.A.F. 1988. The distribution of Buller’s Shearwater (Puffinus bulleri) in New Zealand 

coastal waters and in the Tasman Sea. Notornis 35: 203-215. 

Langlands, P.A. 1991. Buller's Shearwaters foraging around fishing vessels. Notornis 38(4): 266. 



Russ, R. & Shirihai, H. 2000. The birds, marine mammals, habitat and history of the subantarctic 

islands off New Zealand. Alula 6(3): 82-147 (124). 

12

Wahl, T.R. & Tweit, B. 2000. Seabird abundances off Washington, 1972-1998. Western Birds 31(2): 

69-88 (75). 

Wahl, T.R. 1975. Seabirds in Washington's offshore zone. Western Birds 6(4): 117-134 (123). 

Wahl, T.R. 1985. The distribution of Buller’s Shearwater Puffinus bulleri in the North Pacific Ocean. 

Notornis 32: 109-117. 

Wiles, G.J. et al 2004. New and Noteworthy Bird Records for Micronesia, 1986–2003. Micronesica 

37(1): 69-96. 

Sooty Shearwater 

Puffinus griseus [Gmelin 1789, Southern Hemisphere between 35° S and 50° S = New Zealand]. 

Breeding: S Chile & Falkland Islands and islands off SE Australia & New Zealand. 

Non-breeding: Disperses widely throughout five of the Seven Seas to the N & S Atlantic, Indian 

Ocean and N & S Pacific. 

Barthel, P.H. 2006. Rätselvogel 114: Dunkler Sturmtaucher Puffinus griseus [Mystery Bird 114: Sooty 

Shearwater Puffinus puffinus]. Limicola 20(4): 196-198. 

Battley, P. 1991. Letters (Wrecking in seabirds). Birding World 3(12): 419-420. 

Bourne, W.R.P. 1993. Behaviour notes (Birds breeding on Rockall). British Birds 85(1): 16-17. 

Briggs, K.T. & Chu, E.W. 1986. Sooty Shearwaters off California: distribution, abundance and habitat 

use. The Condor 88: 355-364. 

Brown, R.G.B. et al 1981. The foods of Great and Sooty Shearwaters Puffinus gravis and P. griseus 

in Eastern Canadian Waters. Ibis 123: 19-30. 

Camphuysen, C.J.K. 1995. Sooty and Manx Shearwaters in the southern North Sea: an offshore 

perspective. Limosa 68: 1-9. 

Charleton, K. et al 2009. Spatial variation in burrow entrance density of the sooty shearwater 

(Puffinus griseus). Notornis 56(1): 1-10. 



Clark, G.S. et al 1984. Notes on Sooty Shearwaters and other avifauna of the Chilean offshore island 

of Guafo. Notornis 31: 225-231. 

Clark, G.S. et al 1992. Notes on the seabirds of the Cape Horn islands. Notornis 39(2): 133-144. 

Clarke, R.H. & Schulz, M. 2005. Land-based observations of seabirds off sub-Antarctic Macquarie 

Island during 2002 and 2003. Marine Ornithology 33: 7-17 (14). 

Cruz, J.B. et al 2001. Prey spectrum of breeding sooty shearwaters (Puffinus griseus) in New 

Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 35: 817-829. 

Dunn, J. 1979. Field notes: Short-tailed and Sooty Shearwaters. Western Tanager 45(7): 9. 

Gaze, P. 2000. The response of a colony of Sooty Shearwater (Puffinus griseus) and Flesh-footed 

Shearwater (P. carneipes) to the cessation of harvesting and the eradication of Norway Rats 

(Rattus norvegicus). New Zealand Journal of Zoology 27: 375-379. 

Ghasemi, M. et al 2008. The First Report of Sooty Shearwater Puffinus griseus in Iran. Podoces 3(1- 

2): 101-102. 

Gillson, G. 2008. Field seperation of Sooty and Short-tailed Shearwaters. Birding 40(2): 34-40. 

Gould, P. et al 2000. Foods, trophic relationships, and migration of Sooty and Short-tailed 

Shearwaters associated with squid and large-mesh driftnet fisheries in the North Pacific Ocean. 

Waterbirds 23: 165-186. 

Grant, G.S. et al 1994. First Specimens of Sooty Shearwater, Newell's Shearwater, and White-faced 

Storm-Petrel from American Samoa. Notornis 41(3): 215-217. 

Hamilton, S. & Moller, H. 1995. Can PVA models using computer packages offer useful conservation 

advice Sooty shearwaters Puffinus griseus in New Zealand as a case study. Biological 

Conservation 73(2): 107-117. 

Hamilton, S. 1998. A test of burrow occupancy of Sooty Shearwaters (Puffinus griseus) using chick 

response to sound. Notornis 45(1): 64-66. 

Hamilton, S. et al 1997. Distribution of Sooty Shearwater (Puffinus griseus) breeding colonies along 

the Otago Coast, New Zealand, with indication of countrywide population trends. Notornis 44(1): 

15-25. 

Harper, G. 2006. Weka (Gallirallus australis) depredation of sooty shearwater/titi (Puffinus griseus) 

chicks. Notornis 53(3): 318-320. 



Report 1989 pp. 73-78. 

13

Jackson, S. 1988. Diets of the White-Chinned Petrel and Sooty Shearwater in the Southern 

Benguela Region, South Africa. The Condor 90(1): 20-28. 

King, J. 1997. OrnithoNews (Sheer decline). Birding World 10(8): 282. 

Lane, S.G. & White, G. 1983. Nesting of Sooty Shearwater in Australia. Emu 83: 117-118. 

Marin, A.M. 1984. Breeding record for the Sooty Shearwater (Puffinus griseus) from Chiloe Island, 

Chile. The Auk 101: 192. 

Marr, T. & Porter, R. 1992. Spring seabird passage off Senegal. Birding World 5(10): 391-394. 

McGeehan, A. & Gutiérrez, R. 1997. Identification (Dark secrets). Birdwatch 61: 26-30. 

Minami, H. & Ogi, H. 1997. Determination of migratory dynamics of the sooty shearwater in the 

Pacific using stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis. Marine Ecology Progress Series 158: 

249-256. 

Minami, H. et al 1995. Changes in Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Ratios in Sooty and Shorttailed 

Shearwaters during Their Northward Migration. The Condor 97(2): 565-574. 

Mullarney, K. 2000. Monthly Marathon Solution (Sooty Shearwater). British Birds 93(12): 109-110. 

Oka, N. 1994. Underwater feeding of three shearwaters: Pale-footed (Puffinus carneipes), Sooty 



Oka, N. et al 1987. Chick growth and mortality of short-tailed shearwaters in comparison with sooty 

shearwaters, as possible index of fluctuations of Australian krill abundance. Proceedings of the 

National Institute for Polar Research 1: 166-174. 


5(2): 173-182. 



Prater, T. 2012. Important Bird Areas: St. Helena. British Birds 105(11): 638-653 (645). 

Richdale, I.E. 1944. The Sooty Shearwater in New Zealand. The Condor 46: 93-107. 

Richdale, I.E. 1963. Biology of the Sooty Shearwater Puffinus griseus. Proceedings of the Zoological 

Society, London 141: 1-117. 

Scofield, R.P. & Christie, D. 2002. Beach patrol records indicate a substantial decline in sooty 

shearwater (Puffinus griseus) numbers. Notornis 49(3): 158-168. 

Scott, D. et al 2009. Predictive habitat modelling to estimate petrel breeding colony sizes: Sooty 

shearwaters (Puffinus griseus) and mottled petrels (Pterodroma inexpectata) on Whenua Hou 

Island. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 36(3): 291-306. 

Shaffer, S.A. et al 2006. Migratory shearwaters integrate oceanic resources across the Pacific Ocean 

in an endless summer. PNAS USA 103(34): 12799-12802. 

Shirihai, H. 1987. Shearwaters and other tubenoses at Eilat. Dutch Birding 9(4): 152-157. 

Spear, L.B. & Ainley, D.G. 1999. Migration Routes of Sooty Shearwaters in the Pacific Ocean. The 

Condor 101(2): 205-218. 

Tennyson, A. & Pierce, R. 1995. The presence of Pycroft's Petrel (Pterodroma pycrofti) and other 

petrels on Mauitaha Island, New Zealand. Notornis 42(3): 212-214. 

Uhlmann, S. 2003. Fisheries bycatch mortalities of Sooty Shearwaters (Puffinus griseus) and Shorttailed 

Shearwaters (P. tenuirostris). Department of Conservation Science Internal Series 92: 1-52. 

van Bemmelen, R.S.A. et al 2008. Masters of Mystery – Solutions of second round 2008 (Sooty 

Shearwater). Dutch Birding 30(3): 184. 

VanderWerf, E.A. 2006. Observations on the birds of Kwajalein Atoll, including six new species 

records for the Marshall Islands. Micronesica 38(2): 221-237. 



69-88 (77). 


Warham, J. & Wilson, G.J. 1982. The size of the Sooty Shearwater population at the Snares Islands, 

New Zealand. Notornis 29: 23-30. 

Warham, J. et al 1982. The annual cycle of the Sooty Shearwater Puffinus griseus at the Snares 

Islands, New Zealand. Notornis 29: 269-292. 

Weimerskirch, H. & Sagar, P. 1996. Diving depths in Sooty Shearwaters Puffinus griseus. Ibis 138: 

786-788. 

Weimerskirch, H. 1998. How can a pelagic seabird provision its chick when relying on a distant food 

resource Cyclic attendance at the colony, foraging decision and body condition in sooty 

shearwaters. Journal of Animal Ecology 67(1): 99-109. 

14



Short-tailed Shearwater 

Puffinus tenuirostris [Temminck 1835, seas N of Japan and shores of Korea]. 

Breeding: SE Australia & Tasmania. 

Non-breeding: Throughout S & N Pacific. 

Other names: Slender-billed Shearwater, Tasmanian Muttonbird. 

Austin, J.J. et al 1994. Population-Genetic Structure of a Philopatric, Colonially Nesting Seabird, the 

Short-Tailed Shearwater (Puffinus tenuirostris). The Auk 111(1): 70-79. 

Baduini, C.L. et al 2001. Determining the body condition of Short-tailed Shearwaters implications for 

migratory flight ranges and starvation events. Marine Ecology Progress Series 222: 265-277. 

Baduini, C.L. et al 2001. Mass mortality of Short-tailed Shearwaters in the south-eastern Bering Sea 

during summer 1997. Fisheries Oceanography 10(1): 117-130. 

Baduini, C.L. et al 2006. Patterns in diet reveal foraging site fidelity of Short-tailed Shearwaters in the 

southeastern Bering Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series 320: 279-292. 

Bradley, J.S. & Meathrel, C.E. 2006. Prediction of individual reproductive success in Short-tailed 

Shearwaters, Puffinus tenuirostris. Acta Zoologica Sinica 52(Supplement): 91-95. 

Bradley, J.S. et al 1989. Age-dependent survival of breeding short-tailed shearwaters Puffinus 

tenuirostris. Journal of Animal Ecology 58(1):175-188. 

Bradley, J.S. et al 1990. The Influence of Mate Retention and Divorce Upon Reproductive Success in 

Short-Tailed Shearwaters Puffinus tenuirostris. Journal of Animal Ecology 59(2): 487-496. 

Bradley, J.S. et al 1991. A long-term study of Short-tailed Shearwaters Puffinus tenuirostris on Fisher 

Island, Australia. Ibis 133(supplement1): 55-61. 

Bradley, J.S. et al 1995. The Relationship of Pair-Bond Formation and Duration to Reproductive 

Success in Short-Tailed Shearwaters Puffinus tenuirostris. Journal of Animal Ecology 64(1): 31-38. 

Bradley, J.S. et al 1999. Age-dependent prospecting and recruitment to a breeding colony of Shorttailed 

Shearwaters Puffinus tenuirostris. Ibis 141(2): 277-285. 

Bradley, J.S. et al 2000. Intermittent breeding in the Short-tailed Shearwater Puffinus tenuirostris. 

Journal of Animal Ecology 69(4): 639-650. 

Bradley, J.S. et al 2000. Parental influence upon the provisioning schedules of nestling Short-tailed 

Shearwaters Puffinus tenuirostris. Journal of Avian Biology 31: 522-526. 

Brazil, M.A. 1993. Seabirding in Japan. Dutch Birding 15(4): 160-166 (plate 96, 162). 

Carey, M. 2011. Investigator disturbance reduces reproductive success in Short-tailed Shearwaters 

Puffinus tenuirostris. Ibis 153(2): 363-372. 

Carey, M.J. 2010. Predation of Short-tailed Shearwater eggs on Great Dog Island, Tasmania. 

Australian Field Ornithology 27: 59-64. 

Carey, M.J. et al 2009. A new method for the long-term attachment of data-loggers to shearwaters 

(Procellariidae). Emu 109: 310-315. 





Degawa, M. & Watabe, Y. 1983. Distribution of the Short-tailed Shearwater Puffinus tenuirostris in 

Japanese waters. Bulletin of Applied Ornithology 3: 19-27. 

Dunn, J. 1979. Field notes: Short-tailed and Sooty Shearwaters. Western Tanager 45(7): 9. 

Einoder, L.D. & Goldsworthy, S.D. 2005. Foraging flights of Short-tailed Shearwaters (Puffinus 

tenuirostris) from Althorpe Island: assessing their use of neritic waters. Transactions of the Royal 

Society of South Australia 129: 209-216. 

Einoder, L.D. et al 2008. Sexual size dimorphism and assortative mating in the Short-tailed 

Shearwater Puffinus tenuirostris. Marine Ornithology 36: 167-173. 

Gillson, G. 2008. Field seperation of Sooty and Short-tailed Shearwaters. Birding 40(2): 34-40. 

Gould, P. et al 2000. Foods, trophic relationships, and migration of Sooty and Short-tailed 

Shearwaters associated with squid and large-mesh driftnet fisheries in the North Pacific Ocean. 

Waterbirds 23: 165-186. 

Hamer, K.C. et al 1997. Nestling obesity in procellariiform seabirds: temporal and stochastic variation 

in provisioning and growth of short-tailed shearwaters Puffinus tenuirostris. Oecologia 112(1): 4- 

11. 

15

Harris, M.P. & Bode, K.G. 1981. Populations of Little Penguins, Short-tailed Shearwaters and other 

Seabirds on Phillip Island, Victoria, 1978. Emu 81(1): 20-28. 

Hunt Jr., G.L. et al 1996. Foraging ecology of short-tailed shearwaters near the Pribilof Islands, 

Bering Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series 141: 1-11. 

Hunt Jr., G.L. et al 2002. Diets of Short-tailed Shearwaters in the southeastern Bering Sea. Deep- 

Sea Research II 49: 6147-6156. 

Ito, S. 2001. Foraging areas of Short-tailed Shearwaters during their northward migration along the 

Pacific coast of northern Japan. Ornithological Science 1(2): 159-162. 

Kerry, K.R. et al 1983. Records of Short-tailed Shearwater Puffinus tenuirostris in Antarctic waters. 

Emu 83(1): 35-37. 

Klomp, N.I. & Schultz, M.A. 2000. Short-tailed Shearwaters breeding in Australia forage in Antarctic 

waters. Marine Ecology Progress Series 194: 307-310. 

Lane, S.G. 1983. Short-tailed Shearwater on Figure of Eight Island, Archipelago of the Recherche, 

Western Australia. Emu 83(1): 37-38. 

Marshall, A.J. & Serventy, D.L. 2009. The breeding cycle of the Short-tailed Shearwater, Puffinus 

tenuirostris (Temminck), in relation to trans-equatorial migration and its environment. Journal of 

Zoology 127(4): 489-510. 

Meathrel, C.E. & Carey, M.J. 2007. How important are intrinsic factors to natal recruitment in Shorttailed 

Shearwaters Puffinus tenuirostris Journal of Ornithology 148(Supplement 2): 385-393. 

Meathrel, C.E. et al 1993. The effect of parental condition on egg-size and reproductive success in 

short-tailed shearwaters Puffinus tenuirostris. Oecologia 93(2): 162-164. 

Meathrel, C.E. et al 1993. The influence of egg-size, mass and composition upon hatching success in 

the short-tailed shearwater Puffinus tenuirostris (Aves: Procellariiformes). Journal of Zoology 

230(4): 679-686. 

Minami, H. et al 1995. Changes in Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Ratios in Sooty and Short- 

Tailed Shearwaters during Their Northward Migration. The Condor 97(2): 565-574. 

Montague, T.L. et al 1986. The Diet of the Short-tailed Shearwater Puffinus tenuirostris During Its 

Breeding Season. Emu 86(4): 207-213. 


Nicholls, D.G. et al 1998. Post breeding flight to Antarctic waters by a Short-tailed Shearwater 

Puffinus tenuirostris. Emu 98(1): 79-81. 

Oka, N. et al 1987. Chick growth and mortality of short-tailed shearwaters in comparison with sooty 

shearwaters, as possible index of fluctuations of Australian krill abundance. Proceedings of the 

National Institute for Polar Research 1: 166-174. 



Saffer, V.M. et al 2000. Patterns of growth in nestling Short-tailed Shearwaters Puffinus tenuirostris. 

Emu 100: 42-48. 

Saffer, V.M. et al 2000. The effect of human activity on the growth rates of Short-tailed Shearwater 

Puffinus tenuirostris chicks. Emu 100: 49-53. 

Serventy, D.L. & Curry, P.J. 1984. Observations on colony size, breeding success, recruitment and 

inter-colony dispersal in a Tasmanian colony of Short-tailed Shearwaters Puffinus tenuirostris over 

a 30-year period. Emu 84(2): 71-79. 

Skira, I.J. 1986. Food of the Short-Tailed Shearwater, Puffinus-Tenuirostris, in Tasmania. Australian 

Wildlife Research 13(3): 481-488. 

Skira, I.J. 1991. The Short-tailed Shearwater: A review of its biology. Corella 15: 45-52. 

Souto, L.R.A. et al 2008. Primeiro registro de Puffinus tenuirostris (Temminck, 1835) para o Oceano 

Atlântico [First record of the Pacific short-tailed Shearwater Puffinus tenuirostris (Temminck, 1835) 

for the Atlantic Ocean]. Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia 16(1): 64-66. 

Uhlmann, S. 2003. Fisheries bycatch mortalities of Sooty Shearwaters (Puffinus griseus) and Shorttailed 

Shearwaters (P. tenuirostris). Department of Conservation Science Internal Series 92: 1-52. 

VanderWerf, E.A. 2006. Observations on the birds of Kwajalein Atoll, including six new species 

records for the Marshall Islands. Micronesica 38(2): 221-237. 

Vlietstra, L.S. & Parga, J.A. 2002. Long-term changes in the type, but not amount, of ingested 

plastic particles in short-tailedshearwaters in the southeastern Bering Sea. Marine Pollution 

Bulletin 44(9): 945-955. 


Welch, G. & Yu, Y-T. 2010. Notebook: Short-tailed Shearwater Puffinus tenuirostris: a regular spring 

passage migrant through Hong Kong. BirdingASIA 13: 80-81. 

16

Weimerskirch, H. & Cherel, Y. 1998. Feeding ecology of short-tailed shearwaters: breeding in 

Tasmania and foraging in the Antarctic Marine Ecology Progress Series 167: 261-274. 





Wooller, R.D. et al 1990. Reproductive success of Short-tailed Shearwaters Puffinus tenuirostris in 

relation to their age and breeding experience. Journal of Animal Ecology 59(1): 161-170. 

Pink-footed Shearwater 

Puffinus creatopus [Coues 1864, San Nicolas Island, California]. 

Breeding: Más a Tierra & Santa Clara (Juan Fernandez Islands, off Chile, SE Pacific) and Mocha 

Island (off WC Chile). 

Non-breeding: W North America N as far as British Columbia. 

Guicking, D. et al 2001. Satellite tracking of the Pink-footed Shearwater in Chile. Waterbirds 24(1): 8- 

15. 

Guicking, D. et al 2004. Morphometrics of the Pink-footed Shearwater (Puffinus creatopus): 

influence of sex and breeding site. Journal of Ornithology 145(1): 64-68. 

McBride, A.P. 1989. The first record of the Pink-footed Shearwater Puffinus creatopus, in Australian 

waters. Australian Birds 22: 87-88. 


69-88 (74). 


Flesh-footed Shearwater 

Puffinus carneipes [Gould 1844, small islands off Cape Leeuwin, Western Australia]. 

St Paul Island (S Indian Ocean) and Recherche archipelago W to Cape Leeuwin and off Cape 

Hamelin (W Australia) and Lord Howe Island (Tasman Sea, Australia region) and islands off North 

Island, New Zealand. 

Non-breeding: N to waters off Japan and Indian Ocean W to Arabian Sea 

Other name: Fleshy-footed Shearwater, Pale-footed Shearwater, Big Muttonbird, Lord Howe 

Island Muttonbird. 

1st WP Record: 15 August 1980. Off the North Beach, Eilat, Gulf of Aqaba, Israel (Shirihai, H. 1996. 

The Birds of Israel. Academic Press). 

Baker, G.B. & Wise, B.S. 2005. The impact of pelagic longline fishing on the Flesh-footed 

Shearwater Puffinus carneipes in Eastern Australia. Biological Conservation 126(3): 306-316. 

Bond, A.L. & Lavers, J.L. 2011. Trace Element Concentrations in Feathers of Flesh-footed 

Shearwaters (Puffinus carneipes) from Across Their Breeding Range. Environmental 

Contamination and Toxicology 61(2): 318-326. 

Campbell, O. 2012. Summer seawatching on the edge of Arabia. Birding World 25(6): 258-263 

(plates 3 & 4, 260). 



Duckworth, J.W. 2004. Eight birds new to DPR Korea. Forktail 20: 116-120 (117). 

Duriez, O. et al 2005. Birds and wildlife of the French sub-antarctic islands: Crozet, Kerguelen and 

Amsterdam & St Paul. Dutch Birding 27(2): 87-115 (plate 145, 110). 

Dyer, P.K. 2001. Burrow occupancy by Wedge-tailed Shearwaters and Flesh-footed Shearwaters on 

Lord Howe Island. Corella 26: 38-40. 

Freeman, A. 1992. Petrels on the Mernoo Bank and Chatham Rise. Notornis 39(1): 57-58. 

Gaze, P. 2000. The response of a colony of Sooty Shearwater (Puffinus griseus) and Flesh-footed 

Shearwater (P. carneipes) to the cessation of harvesting and the eradication of Norway Rats 

(Rattus norvegicus). New Zealand Journal of Zoology 27: 375-379. 

Gibson, J.D. & Sefton, A.R. 1958. The Fleshy-footed Shearwater in N.S.W. coastal waters. Emu 58: 

91-93. 

Gould, P. et al 1997. Food of Flesh-footed Shearwaters Puffinus carneipes Associated with Highseas 

Driftnets in the Central North Pacific Ocean. Emu 97(2): 168-173. 

Harrison, C.J.O. 1970. Shearwater taking food on land. Emu 70: 33-34. 

17

Hutton, I. et al 2008. Plastic ingestion by Flesh-footed (Puffinus carneipes) and Wedge-tailed (P. 

pacificus) Shearwaters. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 142(1): 1-6. 


Oka, N. 1994. Underwater feeding of three shearwaters: Pale-footed (Puffinus carneipes), Sooty 



Powell, C.D.L. 2009. Foraging movements and the migration trajectory of Flesh-footed Shearwaters 

Puffinus carneipes from the south coast of Western Australia. Marine Ornithology 37: 115-120. 

Powell, C.D.L. et al 2007. Breeding biology of the Flesh-footed Shearwater (Puffinus carneipes) on 

Woody Island, Western Australia. Emu 107(4): 275-283. 



Priddel, D. et al 2006. Decline in the distribution and abundance of Flesh-footed Shearwaters 

(Puffinus carneipes) on Lord Howe Island, Australia. Biological Conservation 128(3): 412-424. 

Robinson, A.C. et al 1986. First breeding record of the Fleshy-footed Shearwater in South Australia. 

South Australian Ornithologist 30(1): 13-14. 

Roux, J.P. 1985: Le statut du puffin a pieds pales (Puffinus carneipes) a l’Ile Saint-Paul (38º43’S, 

77º30’E) [The status of Flesh-footed Shearwater on Saint Paul Island]. L’Oiseau et la Revue 

Française d’Ornithologie 55: 155-157. 

Segonzac, M. 1970. La nidification du Puffin à pieds pâles (Puffinus carneipes) à l’Île Saint Paul 

[Flesh-footed Shearwater nesting on Saint Paul Island]. L’Oiseau et la Revue Française 

d’Ornithologie 40(2): 131-135. 



Thalmann, S. et al 2009. Using biometric measurements to determine gender of Flesh-footed 

Shearwaters, and their application as a tool in long-line by-catch management and ecological field 

studies. Emu 107(3): 231-238. 

Thalmann, S.J. et al 2009. Longline fisheries and foraging distribution of Flesh-Footed Shearwaters 

in eastern Australia. Journal of Wildlife Management 73(3): 399-406. 

Thalmann, S.J. et al 2010. Provisioning in Flesh-footed Shearwaters (Puffinus carneipes): plastic 

foraging behavior and the implications for increased fishery interactions. The Auk 127: 140-150. 


69-88 (75). 




Great Shearwater 

Puffinus gravis [O'Reilly 1818, Cape Farewell and Staten Hook to Newfoundland]. 

Breeding: Nightingale Island & Inaccessible Island (Tristan da Cunha group), Gough Island (S 

Atlantic) & Kidney Island (Falkland Islands). 

Non-breeding: Throughout N & S Atlantic. 

Barbieri, E. et al 2007. Heavy metal concentration in tissues of Puffinus gravis sampled on the 

Brazilian coast. Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia 15(1): 69-72. 

Bird, D. 1994. The field characters of distant Great and Cory’s Shearwaters. Birding World 7(7): 279- 

282. 

Bourne, W.R.P. 1983. Letters (Shy Albatrosses, elusive Capped Petrels, and a great accumulation of 

shearwaters). British Birds 76(12): 583-584. 

Brown, R.G.B. & Baird, D.E. 1965. Social factors as possible regulators of Puffinus gravis numbers. 

Ibis 107(2): 249-251. 

Brown, R.G.B. et al 1981. The foods of Great and Sooty Shearwaters Puffinus gravis and P. griseus 

in Eastern Canadian Waters. Ibis 123: 19-30. 


Cuthbert, R.J. 2005. Breeding biology, chick growth and provisioning of Great shearwaters (Puffinus 

gravis) at Gough Island, South Atlantic Ocean. Emu 105: 305-310. 

Elliott, C.C.H. 1969. Ecological considerations and the possible significance of weight variations in 

the chicks of the Great Shearwater on Gough Island. Ostrich 40(Supplement 1): 385-396. 

Gaskin, C. 2008. Sightings of great shearwater (Puffinus gravis) near New Zealand in 2006. Notornis 

55(4): 222-223. 

18



Report 1989 pp. 73-78. 

Jackson, J. 2000. Bird news (Inland and unseasonal: Great Shearwater). Birdwatch 92: 61. 

Jackson, J. 2001. Wales - Way out west. Alula 7(2): 62-67. 

McGeehan, A. 1992. The pelagic zone. Birdwatch 1(5): 28-30. 

McGeehan, A. & Gutiérrez, R. 1998. Identification (Great dilemmas). Birdwatch 73: 32-36. 

Metcalf, W.G. 1966. Observations of migrating Great Shearwaters Puffinus gravis off the Brazilian 

coast. Ibis 108(1): 138-140. 

Pierce, K.E. et al 2004. Obstruction and starvation associated with plastic ingestion in a Northern 

Gannet Morus bassanus and a Greater Shearwater Puffinus gravis. Marine Ornithology 32: 187- 

189. 


5(2): 173-182. 

Prince, P.A. & Payne, M.R. 1979. Current status of birds at South Georgia. British Antarctic Survey 

Bulletin 48: 103-118. 

Probonas, N. 2006. The first Great Shearwater for Greece. Birding World 19(11): 481. 



Rowan, M.K. 1952. The Greater Shearwater Puffinus gravis at itsbreeding grounds. Ibis 94: 97-121. 

Ryan, P. 2008. Important Bird Areas: Tristan da Cunha and Gough Island. British Birds 101(11): 586- 

606 (plate 315, 596). 

Ryan, P.G. & Moloney, C.L. 2000. The status of Spectacled Petrels Procellaria conspicillata and 

other seabirds at Inaccessible Island. Marine Ornithology 28(2): 93-100. 

Vinicombe, K. 2008. ID in depth (Great and Cory’s Shearwaters). Birdwatch 193: 34-36. 

Voous, K.H. & Wattel, J. 1963. Distribution and migration ofthe Greater Shearwater. Ardea 51: 143- 

157. 


Woods, R.W. 1970. Great Shearwater Puffinus gravis breeding in the Falkland Islands. Ibis 112(2): 

259-260. 

Christmas Island Shearwater 

Puffinus nativitatis [Streets 1877, Christmas Island, Pacific Ocean]. 

Breeding: Kaula (off Niihau, Hawaii), Moku Manu (off Oahu, Hawaii) and Nihoa, French Frigate 

Shoals, Lisianski, Laysan, the Pearl and Hermes Reef, Midway Island & Kure (NW Hawaiian Islands), 

Johnston Atoll (C Pacific), Ducie & Oeno (Pitcarin group), Sala-y-Gómez & Easter Island (SE Pacific) 

and the Marquesas Islands, Tuamotu, Line Islands, Phoenix Islands & Austral Islands (French 

Polynesia). 

Non-breeding: Not fully established however some populations are largely sedentary and some 

presumed to disperse over tropical and subtropical Pacific. 

Other name: Christmas Shearwater. 

Ardiles-Villegas, K. et al 2011. Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in Fecal Bacteria Isolated from 

Christmas Shearwater (Puffinus nativitatis) and Masked Booby (Sula dactylatra) at Remote Easter 

Island. Avian Diseases 55(3): 486-489. 

Bell, B. & Bell, D. 1998. Pitcairn paradise preserved. World Birdwatch 20(1): 8-11 (11). 



Howell, T.R. & Bartholomew, G.A. 1961. Temperature Regulation in Nesting Bonin Island Petrels, 

Wedge-Tailed Shearwaters, and Christmas Island Shearwaters. The Auk 78(3): 343-354. 

Mougin, J-L. et al 1999. Philopatry and faithfulness to nest site in Cory's Shearwaters Calonectris 

diomedea at Selvagem Grande. Ostrich 70(3-4): 229-232. 



Ricklefs, R.E. 1984. Meal Sizes and Feeding Rates of Christmas Shearwaters and Phoenix Petrels 

on Christmas Island, Central Pacific Ocean. Ornis Scandinavica 15(1): 16-22. 

Taylor, G.A. & Tennyson, A.J.D. 1994. Christmas Island Shearwater Puffinus nativitatis on Curtis 

Island. Notornis 41(4): 287-291. 

Whittow, G.C. 2001. lncubation weight loss of Christmas shearwater eggs on Christmas Island, 

Pacific Ocean. Notornis 48(3): 175-176. 

19

Wragg, G.M. & Weisler, M.I. 1994. Extinctions and new records of birds from Henderson Island, 

Pitcairn group, south Pacific Ocean. Notornis 41(1): 61-70. 

Manx Shearwater 

Puffinus puffinus [Brünnich 1764, Faeroes and Norway]. 

Breeding: Massachusetts & Gulf of Maine N to Labrador, Gulf of St. Lawrence & Newfoundland and S 

Iceland S thru Faeroe Islands, Ireland & Britain to NW France and Azores thru Madeira & Desertas 

Islands to Canary Islands. 

Non-breeding: Disperses to S Atlantic, mostly to the E coast of South America. 

Andrew, D.G. 1965. Manx Shearwaters breeding in Lewis. Scottish Birds 3: 435-436. 

Bergkamp, P.Y. 1995. Concentrations of Manx Shearwater off San Antonio, Rio Negro, Argentina. 

Seabird 17: 74. 

Bierregaard, R.O. et al 1975. First northwestern Atlantic breeding record of Manx Shearwater. The 

Auk 92: 145-147. 

Bourne, W.R.P. 1957. Manx Shearwaters, Little Gulls and other seabirds wintering off the Algerian 

coast. Ibis 99: 117-118. 

Bourne, W.R.P. 1988. The Yelkouan Shearwater Puffinus (puffinus) yelkouan. British Birds 81(7): 

306-319. 

Brooke, M.deL. 1978. Sexual differences in the voice and individual vocal recognition in the Manx 

Shearwater (Puffinus puffinus). Animal Behaviour 26(2): 622-629. 

Brooke, M.deL. 1978. Some Factors Affecting the Laying Date, Incubation and Breeding Success of 

the Manx Shearwater, Puffinus puffinus. Journal of Animal Ecology 47(2): 477-495. 

Brooke, M.deL. 1978. The dispersal of female Manx Shearwaters Puffinus puffinus. Ibis 120(4): 545- 

551. 

Brown, A. et al 2011. Seabirds on Lundy: their current status, recent history and prospects for the 

restoration of a once-important bird area. British Birds 104(3): 139-158. 

Brown, J.G. 2004. Notes (Manx Shearwaters hanging themselves when scaling vertical walls). British 

Birds 97(9): 471-472. 

Camphuysen, C.J. 1995. Sooty and Manx Shearwaters in the southern North Sea: an offshore 

perspective. Limosa 68: 1-9. 

Camphuysen, C.J. 2005. Seabirds at sea in summer in the northwest North Sea. British Birds 98(1): 

2-19 (7). 


Clarke, D. 2004. Notes (Calls of Manx Shearwater at sea). British Birds 97(9): 471. 

Curtis, W.F. et al 1985. Identifying the smaller shearwaters. British Birds 78(3): 123-138. 

Dolphin, A.K. 1986. Notes (Apparent feeding association between Manx Shearwaters and Sandwich 

Terns). British Birds 79(8): 397. 

Ebels, E.B. 2002. Transatlantic vagrancy of Palearctic species to the Caribbean region. Dutch Birding 

24(4): 202-209 (204). 

Eds. 2002. Island shearwater's 50 years of world travel. Birdwatch 120: 6. 

Eds. 2004. Pigeonhole (Oldest bird clocks up another year). Birding World 17(6): 264. 

Elkins, N. 1990. Notes (Partial albinism of Manx Shearwaters). British Birds 83(1): 22. 

Flumm, D.S. 1990. Notes (Partial albinism of Manx Shearwaters). British Birds 83(1): 22. 

Force, M. et al 2006. Manx Shearwater in British Columbia: comments on a pioneering seabird. 

Wildlife Afield 3(1): 5-11. 

Gray, C.M. & Hamer, K.C. 2001. Food-provisioning behaviour of male and female Manx shearwaters, 

Puffinus puffinus. Animal Behaviour 62(1): 117-121. 

Guilford, T. et al 2008. GPS tracking of the foraging movements of Manx Shearwaters Puffinus 

puffinus breeding on Skomer Island, Wales. Ibis 150(3): 462-473. 

Guilford, T. et al 2009. Migration and stopover in a small pelagic seabird, the Manx shearwater 

Puffinus puffinus: insights from machine learning. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 

Biological Sciences 276(1660): 1215-1223. 

Gutiérrez, R. 2004. Identification of Yelkouan, Balearic and Manx Shearwaters. Birding World 17(3): 

111-112. 

Harris, M.P. 1966. Age of return to the colony, age of breeding and adult survival of Manx 

Shearwaters. Bird Study 13(1): 84-95. 

Harris, M.P. 1966. Breeding biology of the Manx Shearwater Puffinus puffinus. Ibis 108(1): 17-33. 

Heaney, V. et al 2002. The status and distribution of European Storm-Petrels Hydrobates pelagicus 

and Manx Shearwaters Puffinus puffinus on the Isles of Scilly. Atlantic Seabirds 4(1): 1-16. 

20

Heaney, V. et al 2008. Important Bird Areas: Breeding seabirds on the Isles of Scilly. British Birds 

101(8): 418-438. 

Hernández, E. et al 1990. Nesting of the Manx Shearwater (Puffinus puffinus Brünnich, 1764) on the 

Island of Tenerife (Canary Islands). Bonner Zoologische Beiträge 41: 27-34. 


Report 1989 pp. 73-78. 

Jackson, J. 2001. Wales - Way out west. Alula 7(2): 62-67. 

James, P.C. & Robertson, H.A. 1986. How useful are vocalizations in Petrel systematics Emu 

86(3): 186-189. 

James, P.C. 1985. The Vocal Behaviour of the Manx Shearwater Puffinus puffinus. Ethology 67(1-4): 

269-283. 

Kinsky, F.C. & Fowler, J.A. 1973. A Manx Shearwater (Puffinus p. puffinus) in New Zealand. 

Notornis 20: 14-20. 

Kinsky, F.C. & Fowler, J.A. 1973. British-ringed Manx Shearwater in Australia. British Birds 55(2): 

86-87. 

Lansdown, P. & Rees, G. 1987. Notes (Manx Shearwater resembling Little Shearwaters). British 

Birds 80(3): 112. 

Levesque, A. & Jaffard, M-E. 2002. Fifteen new bird species in Guadeloupe (F.W.I.). El Pitirre 15(1): 

5-6 (6). 

Lien, J. & Grimmer, L. 1978. Manx Shearwater nesting in Newfoundland. Osprey 9: 50-54. 

Martín, A. et al 1989. Premières données sur la nidification du Puffin des Anglais (Puffinus puffinus), 

du Pétrel-frégate (Pelegodoma marina) et de la Sterne de Dougall (Sterna dougalli) aux iles 

Canaries [Preliminary data on nesting of Manx Shearwater, White-faced Frigate Petrel and 

Roseate Tern in the Canary Archpelago]. L'Oiseau et la Revue Francaise D'Ornithologie 59(1): 73- 

83. 

McCanch, N.V. 1981. Notes (Predation on Manx Shearwaters by grey seals). British Birds 74(8): 348. 


Miles, W. et al 2010. Effects of artificial lights and moonlight on petrels at St Kilda. Bird Study 57(2): 

244-251. 

Moore, D. 2010. Notes (Manx Shearwaters feeding alongside Fin Whales). British Birds 103(6): 360. 

Monteiro, L.R. et al 1999. Status and Distribution of Fea's Petrel, Bulwer's Petrel, Manx Shearwater, 

Little Shearwater and Band-Rumped Storm-Petrel in the Azores Archipelago. Waterbirds 22(3): 

368-366. 

Morgan, G. 2012. The bird population of Ramsey and Grassholm. British Birds 105(12): 716-732. 

Newton, S.F. 2002. Manx Shearwaters Puffinus puffinus proved breeding on Lambay, Co. Dublin. 

Irish Birds 7(1): 140-141. 

O’Clery, M. 2007. Breeding seabirds of the Magharees and related islands, County Kerry, 2006/2007. 

Irish Birds 8(2): 179-188. 

Perrins, C.M. et al 1973. Survival of Manx Shearwaters Puffinus puffinus in relation to their presumed 

date of hatching. Ibis 112: 242-255. 


5(2): 173-182. 



Roberson, D. 1996. Identifying the Manx Shearwater in the Northeastern Pacific. Birding XXVIII(1): 

18-33. 



Rodríguez, A. et al 2008. Status and conservation requirements of Manx Shearwaters Puffinus 

puffinus on Tenerife (Canary Islands). Alauda 76(1): 72-74. 

Saunders, D. 2002. Secret lives (Manx factor). Birdwatch 125: 22-25. 

Storey, A.E. & Lien, J. 1985. Development of the first North American colony of Manx Shearwaters. 

The Auk 102: 395-401. 



Verrall, K. 1990. Notes (Partial albinism of Manx Shearwaters). British Birds 83(1): 22-23. 

Vinicombe, K. 2005. ID at a glance (Balearctic Shearwater). Birdwatch 158: 30-32. 



21

Wink, M. et al 1993. Genetic evidence for speciation of the Manx shearwater Puffinus puffinus and 

Mediterranean Shearwater Puffinus yelkouan. Vogelwelt 114: 226-232. 

Zonfrillo, B. et al 2001. Proceedings of the first Manx Shearwater conference, Funchal, Madeira 

2000. SPEA, Madeira. 

Yelkouan Shearwater 

Puffinus yelkouan [Acerbi 1827, the Bosphorus, opposite Bujukdere, Turkey]. 

Breeding: Islands off France, Italy, Malta, Greece, Albania, Croatia & Turkey and possibly islands off 

Bulgaria & Tunisia. 

Non-breeding: Disperses mainly into Black Sea and sporadically to W Mediterranean. 

Other name: Levantine Shearwater. 


Andrew, D.G. 1991. Letters (Shearwaters, sirens and halcyons). British Birds 84(5): 197. 

Bonnaud, E. et al 2009. How can Yelkouan Shearwater survive feral cat predation An unexpected 

population structure as a solution Population Ecology 51: 261-270. 


Merill 30: 10-15. 

Borg, J.J. et al 2002. Pre-breeding movements and early nest visits by the Levantine Shearwater 

Puffinus yelkouan in Malta. il-Merill 30: 20-23. 

Borg, V.P. 2011. Malta’s secret shearwaters. Birdwatch 230: 51-54. 

Bourgeois, K. & Vidal, E. 2007. Yelkouan Shearwater nest cavity selection and breeding success. 

Comptes Rendus Biologies 330: 205-214. 

Bourgeois, K. & Vidal, E. 2008. The endemic Mediterranean Yelkouan Shearwater Puffinus 

yelkouan: distribution, threats and a plea for more data. Oryx 42: 187-194. 

Bourgeois, K. et al 2007. Morphological versus acoustic analysis: what is the most efficient method 

for sexing yelkouan shearwaters Puffinus yelkouan Journal of Ornithology 148(3): 261-269. 

Bourgeois, K. et al 2008. Yelkouan Shearwater Puffinus yelkouan presence and behaviour at 

colonies: not only a moonlight question. Comptes Rendus Biologies 331: 88-97. 

Bourgeois, K. et al 2008. Colony-site selection drives management priorities for Yelkouan 

Shearwater populations. Journal of Wildlife Management 72: 1188-1193. 

Bourne, W.R.P. 1988. Letters (The status of Little, Audubon’s and ‘Levantine’ Shearwaters in Britain 

and Ireland). British Birds 81(8): 401-402. 


306-319. 


Bourne, W.R.P. 1991. Letters (Shearwaters, sirens and halcyons). British Birds 84(5): 197-198. 


(October 2010). Ibis 153: 227-232. 

Cade, M. 1983. Letters (The possibility of east Mediterranean Manx Shearwaters occurring in British 

waters). British Birds 76(9): 413. 

Collinson, M. 2006. Splitting headaches Recent taxonomic changes affecting the British and 

Western Palearctic lists. British Birds 99(6): 306-323 (308). 


Darlaston, M. 2008. Reports (Shear brilliance. Yelkouan Shearwater: Berry Head, Devon, 29 July 

2008). Birdwatch 195: 60-61. 

Eds. 2011. Reports (Shear luck. Yelkouan Shearwater: Cley, Norfolk, 29 August 2011). Birdwatch 

232: 69. 

Genovart, M. et al 2005. Two sibling species sympatrically breeding: a new conservation concern for 

the critically endangered Balearic shearwater. Conservation Genetics 6(4): 601-606. 


111-112. 

Hobbs, M. 2003. Secret lives (Searching souls). Birdwatch 134: 27-30. 

Massa, B. 2006. Biological significance and conservation of biogeographical bird populations as 

shown by selected Mediterranean species. Avocetta 30: 5-14. 


Oppel, S. et al 2011. Is the Yelkouan shearwater Puffinus yelkouan threatened by low adult survival 

probabilities Biological Conservation 144(9): 2255-2263. 

Rees, G.H. et al 1986. Letters (Mediterranean races of Manx Shearwater in British waters). British 

Birds 79(7): 351-354. 

22

Sangster, G. et al 2002. The specific status of Balearic and Yelkouan Shearwaters. British Birds 

95(12): 636-639. 




Vittery, A. 1994. Letters (Status of the two forms of Mediterranean Shearwater). British Birds 87(4): 

189. 



Yésou, P. et al 1990. Plumage variation and identification of ‘Yelkouan Shearwater’. British Birds 

83(8): 299-319. 

Balearic Shearwater 

Puffinus mauretanicus [Lowe 1921]. 

Breeding: Formentera & surrounding islets, small islets off Mallorca, Cabrera, Menorca & Ibiza (all 

Balearic Islands). 

Non-breeding: W Mediterranean, coasts off NW Africa & Portugal, Bay of Biscay, SW Ireland & SW 

Britain. 

Treated by del Hoyo et al 1992 as conspecific with Yelkouan Shearwater. 

Andrade, J. & Ramirez, I. 2010. Monitoring Balearic Shearwaters on the Portugese Atlantic coast. 

Seabird Group Newsletter 114: 9-13. 

Ash, J. & Rooke, K.B. 1954. Balearic Shearwater off the Dorset coast in 1953. British Birds 47: 285- 

296. 


306-319. 

Bourne, W.R.P. 2008. Letters (The past British status of the Balearic Shearwater). British Birds 

101(4): 213. 


(October 2000). Ibis 143: 171-175. 


Western Palearctic lists. British Birds 99(6): 306-323( 308). 


Darlaston, M. & Wynn, R.B. 2012. Notes (A record influx of Balearic Shearwaters in Devon and 

Cornwall). British Birds 105(1): 37-38. 

Elorriaga, J. & Pérez, B. 2011. Aberrant Balearic Shearwater in Strait of Gibraltar in July 2009. Dutch 

Birding 33(3): 200. 

Genovart, M. et al 2003. A Discriminant Function for Predicting Sex in the Balearic Shearwater. 

Waterbirds 26(1): 72-76. 

Genovart, M. et al 2005. Two sibling species sympatrically breeding: a new conservation concern for 

the critically endangered Balearic shearwater. Conservation Genetics 6(4): 601-606. 

Gutiérrez, R. & Figuerola, J. 1995. Wintering distribution of the Balearic Shearwater (Puffinus 

yelkouan mauretanicus) off the northeastern coast of Spain. Ardeola 42(2): 161-166. 

Gutiérrez, R. 2003. The Balearic Shearwater: apparently heading for extinction. Birding World 16(6): 

260-263. 


111-112. 


Hobbs, M. 2003. Secret lives (Searching souls). Birdwatch 134: 27-30. 

Mackrill, E. 1988. Notes (First record of ‘Balearic Shearwater’ for the Southern Hemisphere). British 

Birds 81(7): 322. 

Mackrill, E.J. & Yésou, P. 1988. Notes (Leucism and partial albinism in Balearic race of Manx 

Shearwater). British Birds 81(5): 235-236. 


Mouriño, J. et al 2003. Status of the Balearic shearwater (Puffinus mauretanicus) on the Galician 

coast (NW Iberian Peninsula). Scientia Marina 67(Supplement 2): 135-142. 

Oro, D. et al 2004. Modelling demography and extinction risk in the endangered Balearic shearwater. 

Biological Conservation 116(1): 93-102. 

Rees, G.H. et al 1986. Letters (Mediterranean races of Manx Shearwater in British waters). British 

Birds 79(7): 351-354. 

23

Sangster, G. et al 2002. The specific status of Balearic and Yelkouan Shearwaters. British Birds 

95(12): 636-639. 


Vittery, A. 1994. Letters (Status of the two forms of Mediterranean Shearwater). British Birds 87(4): 

189. 




Wynn, R.B. & McMinn, M. 2010. The predation of Balearic Shearwaters by Peregrine Falcons. British 

Birds 103(6): 350-353. 

Wynn, R.B. & Yésou, P. 2007. The changing status of Balearic Shearwater in northwest European 

waters. British Birds 100(7): 392-406. 

Wynn, R.B. 2009. Notes (Balearic Shearwaters in UK and Irish waters between 2004 and 2006). 

British Birds 102(6): 350-351. 

Yésou, P. 2003. Recent changes in the summer distribution of Balearctic Shearwater Puffinus 

mauretanicus off western France. Scientia Marina 67: 143-148. 

Yésou, P. 2007. Anomalies de coloration chez le Puffin des Baléares (Puffinus mauretanicus) 

[Leucistic Balearic Shearwater]. Ornithos 14(1): 63-64. 

Yésou, P. et al 1990. Plumage variation and identification of ‘Yelkouan Shearwater’. British Birds 

83(8): 299-319. 

Bryan's Shearwater 

Puffinus bryani [Pyle, Welsh & Fleischer 2011, Midway Atoll, N Pacific Ocean]. 

Breeding: Not fully established, probably includes Bonin Islands (Japan region, NW Pacific) and 

possibly in the NW Hawaiian islands. 

Non-breeding: Not known. 

A small Shearwater collected in a burrow on Sand Island, Midway Atoll on 18 February 1963 by A.B. 

Amerson Jr. was identified as a Little Shearwater. Subsequent examination of the specimen by Peter 

Pyle in 2011 determined it to be a species new to science. 

In addition, Kazuto Kawakami, Masaki Eda, Kazuo Horikoshi, Hajime Suzuki, Hayato Chiba and 

Takashi Hiraoka have found six specimens of a small Puffinus shearwater that is morphologically 

similar to Bryan's Shearwater on the Bonin Islands, northwestern Pacific since 1997. They examined 

the Bonin samples genetically and have confirmed that they are all Bryan's Shearwater, the same 

species as that found by Amerson Jr. on Midway in 1963 (Kawakami et al 2012). 

Edwin Horace Bryan (1898-1985), American naturalist and one time curator of collections at the 

Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum in Honolulu between 1919 and 1968. 

Kawakami, K. et al 2012. Bryan's Shearwaters Have Survived on the Bonin Islands, Northwestern 

Pacific. The Condor 11493): 507-512. 

Pyle, P. et al 2011. A new species of Shearwater (Puffinus) recorded from Midway Atoll, Northeastern 

Hawaiian Islands. The Condor 113(3): 518-527. 

van Loon, A.J. 2012. DB Actueel (New bird species described in 2011). Dutch Birding 34(1): 74-75. 

Black-vented Shearwater 

Puffinus opisthomelas [Coues 1864, Cape San Lucas, Baja California]. 

Breeding: Islands off Baja California (W Mexico). 

Non-breeding: Disperses N to C California and occasionally to British Columbia. 

Everett, W.T. 1988. Biology of the Black-vented Shearwater. Western Birds 19: 89-104. 

Garrett, K.L. 1990. Leucistic Black-vented Shearwaters (Puffinus opithomelas) in Southern California. 

Western Birds 21: 69-72. 

Keitt, B.S. 1998. Ecology and conservation biology of the black-vented shearwater (Puffinus 

opisthomelas) on Natividad Island, Vizcaino Biosphere Reserve, Baja California Sur, Mexico. 

M.Sc. thesis, Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz. 

Keitt, B.S. et al 2000. Dive Depth and Diet of the Black-vented Shearwater (Puffinus opisthomelas). 

The Auk 117(2): 507-510. 

Keitt, B.S. et al 2002. The effect of feral cats on the population viability of black-vented shearwaters 

(Puffinus opisthomelas) on Natividad Island, Mexico. Animal Conservation 5(3): 217-223. 

Keitt, B.S. et al 2003. Breeding biology and conservation of the Black-vented Shearwater Puffinus 

opisthomelas. Ibis 145(4): 673-380. 

24

Keitt, B.S. et al 2004. Nocturnal behavior reduces predation pressure on Black-vented Shearwaters 

Puffinus opisthomelas. Marine Ornithology 32: 173-178. 


18-33. 

Townsend's Shearwater 

Puffinus auricularis [C.H. Townsend 1890, Clarión Island, Revillagigedo Group, Mexico]. 

Breeding: Revillagigedo Islands (off W Mexico). 

Non-breeding: Disperses N to S Baja California and S to El Salvador. 

Charles Haskins Townsend (1859-1944), American naturalist who discovered the species. 

Adams, M.P. et al 2003. Extinct and endangered (‘E&E’) birds:a proposed list for collection 

catalogues. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club 123: 338-354. 


306-319. 

Jehl, J.R. 1982. The Biology and Taxonomy of Townsend’s Shearwater. Le Gerfaut 72: 121-135. 

Marinez-Gomez, J.E. & Jocabsen, J.K. 2004. The conservation status of Townsend’s shearwater 

(Puffinus auricularis auricularis). Biological Conservation 116(1): 35-47. 

Roberson, D. 1988.The 10 most likely additions to the ABA checklist. Birding XX(6): 353-363 (360). 


18-33. 

Newell's Shearwater 

Puffinus newelli [Henshaw 1900]. 

[P.n. newelli] Breeding: Kauai, Molokai, Hawaii and probably Oahu, Maui & Lanai (SE Hawaiian 

Islands). 

[P.n. myrtae] Breeding: Islets off Rapa (Bass Islands, Austral Islands group, S French Polynesia). 

Non-breeding: Not fully established, occurs year round in E tropical Pacific. 

Treated by del Hoyo et al 1992 as conspecific with Townsend’s Shearwater. 

P.n. myrtae treated by del Hoyo et al 1992 as a race of Little Shearwater. 

Other name: Hawaiian Shearwater, Rapa Shearwater (myrtae) Ao. 

Brother Matthias Newell (1854-1939), American missionary in Hawaii between 1886 and 1924. In 

1894 native Hawaiians brought him several live shearwaters. Later, one of them became the type 

specimen for this species when described by Henshaw, who named it after Brother Newell. 

Ainley, D.G. et al 1995. The ecology of Newell’s Shearwater and Dark-rumped Petrel on the island of 

Kauai. Final report, Task 2, Seabird ecology study. Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, 

California. 

Ainley, D.G. et al 2001. The status and population trends of the Newell’s shearwater on Kauaì: 

insights from modeling. Studies in Avian Biology 22: 108-123. 


306-319. 

Byrd, G.V. et al 1984. A cross-fostering experiment with Newell’s race of Manx Shearwater. Journal 

of Wildlife Management 48: 163-168. 

Byrd, V. et al 1978. The status of Newell’s Manx Shearwater, a threatened species. Pacific Seabird 

Group 5: 80. 

Conant, S. 1980. Recent records of the Uau (Dark-rumped Petrel) and the Ao (Newell’s Shearwater) 

in Hawaii. Elepaio 41(1): 1-3. 

Cooper, B.A. & Day, R.H. 1998. Summer behavior of dark-rumped petrels and Newell’s shearwaters 

at power lines on Kauai. Colonial Waterbirds 21: 11-19. 

Day, R.H. & Cooper, B.A. 1995. Patterns of movement of Dark-rumped Petrels and Newell's 

Shearwaters on Kauai. The Condor 97(4): 1011-1027. 

Day, R.H. et al 2003. Decline of Townsend’s (Newell’s) sheawaters (Puffinus auricularis newelli) on 

Kauai, Hawaii. The Auk 120(3): 669-679. 

Day, R.H. et al 2003. Movement patterns of Hawaiian petrels and Newell’s shearwaters on the island 

of Hawaiì. Pacific Science 57: 147-159. 

Grant, G.S. et al 1994. First Specimens of Sooty Shearwater, Newell's Shearwater, and White-faced 

Storm-Petrel from American Samoa. Notornis 41(3): 215-217. 

King, W.B. & Gould, P.J. 1967. The status of Newell’s race of Manx Shearwater. Living Birds 6: 163- 

186. 

25

Podolsky, R. et al 1998. Mortality of Newell's Shearwaters caused by collisions with urban structures 

on Kaua'i. Colonial Waterbirds 21(1): 20-34. 

Reed, J.R. et al 1985. Light Attraction in Endangered Procellariiform Birds: Reduction by Shielding 

Upward Radiation. The Auk 102(2): 377-383. 

Reed, J.R. et al 1987. Polarizing filters fail to reduce light attraction in Newell’s Shearwaters. Wildlife 

Society Bulletin 15: 596-598. 

Reynolds, M.H. & Ritchotte, G. 1997. Evidence of Newell’s shearwaters breeding in Puna District, 

Hawaii. Journal of Field Ornithology 68(1): 26-32. 

Richardson, F. 1955. Reappearance of Newell’s Shearwater in Hawaii. The Auk 72: 412. 

Sincock, J.L. & Swedberg, G.E. 1969. Rediscovery of the nesting grounds of Newell’s Manx 

Shearwater (Puffinus puffinus newelli), with observations. The Condor 71: 69-71. 

Fluttering Shearwater 

Puffinus gavia [J.R. Forster 1844, Queen Charlotte Sound, New Zealand]. 

Breeding: Three Kings group, Moturoa group, Motuharakeke (Cavalli Islands), NW Chickens, Bream 

Islands, Mokohinau group, Channel Island, Mercury group, Ruamahuanui (Aldermen group) & Trio 

Islands and other islands in the Cook Strait (all North Island, New Zealand). 

Non-breeding: Disperses to seas around New Zealand, Tasman Sea area & S Australia. 

Other names: Brown-beaked Shearwater, Forster's Shearwater. 

Johann Reinhold Forster (1729-1798), a clergyman from Danzig who accompanied Cook as the 

naturalist on his second world voyage during 1772 and 1773. 

Bell, M. et al 2005. Translocation of fluttering shearwater (Puffinus gavia) chicks to create a new 

colony. Notornis 52(1): 11-15. 

Buurmann, D. & Shirihai, H. 2003. Kaikoura, New Zealand: the World’s No.1 site for seabirds and 

marine mammals. Birding World 16(4): 161-172 (plate 12, 169). 

Gummer, H. & Adams, L. 2010: Translocation techniques for fluttering shearwaters (Puffinus gavia): 

establishing a colony on Mana Island, New Zealand. Department of Conservation, Wellington. 

Holdaway, R.N. & Worthy, T.H. 1994. A New Fossil Species of Shearwater Puffinus From the Late 

Quaternary of the South Island, New Zealand, and Notes on the Biogeography and Evolution of 

the Puffinus gavia Superspecies. Emu 94(3): 201-215. 



Tarburton, M.K. 1981. Notes and measurements of Hutton's and Fluttering Shearwaters found 

drowned at Kaikoura Peninsula. Notornis 28: 9-10. 





Wragg, G. 1985. The comparative biology of Fluttering shearwater and Hutton's shearwater and their 

relationship to other shearwater species. M.S. thesis Lincoln College, University of Canterbury. 

Hutton's Shearwater 

Puffinus huttoni [Mathews 1912, Snares Island]. 

Breeding: Seaward Kaikoura Range (NE South Island, New Zealand). 

Non-breeding: W to seas off SE Australia & Tasmania. 

Capt. Frederick Wollaston Hutton (1836-1905), English zoologist, geologist and one time Royal Welsh 

Fusilier who settled in New Zealand. 


306-319. 

Cuthbert, R. & Davis, L.S. 2002. Adult survival and productivity of Hutton's Shearwaters. Ibis 144(3): 

423-432. 

Cuthbert, R. & Davis, L.S. 2002. The breeding biology of Hutton's Shearwater. Emu 102: 323-329. 

Cuthbert, R. & Davis, L.S. 2002. The impact of predation by introduced stoats on Hutton's 

shearwaters, New Zealand. Biological Conservation 108(1): 79-92. 

Cuthbert, R. & Sommer, E. 2002. Home range, territorial behaviour and habitat use of stoats 

(Mustela erminea) in a colony of Hutton's Shearwater (Puffinus huttoni), New Zealand. New 

Zealand Journal of Zoology 29(2): 149-160. 

26

Cuthbert, R. 2002. The role of introduced mammals and inverse density-dependent predation in the 

conservation of Hutton’s shearwater. Biological Conservation 108: 69-78. 

Cuthbert, R. 2003. Sign left by introduced and native predators feeding on Hutton's shearwaters 

Puffinus huttoni. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 30(3): 163-170. 

Cuthbert, R. et al 2000. Seasonal variation in the diet of stoats in a breeding colony of Hutton's 

shearwaters. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 27: 367-373. 

Cuthbert, R. et al 2001. A sensitivity analysis of Hutton's shearwater: prioritizing conservation 

research and management. Biological Conservation 100: 163-172. 

Holdaway, R.N. & Worthy, T.H. 1994. A New Fossil Species of Shearwater Puffinus From the Late 

Quaternary of the South Island, New Zealand, and Notes on the Biogeography and Evolution of 

the Puffinus gavia Superspecies. Emu 94(3): 201-215. 



Sherley, G.H. 1992. Monitoring Hutton's Shearwater 1986-1989. Notornis 39(4): 249-261. 

Sommer, E. et al 2009. Population trends, breeding success and predation rates of Hutton’s 

shearwater (Puffinus huttoni): a 20 year assessment. Notornis 56(3): 144-153. 

Tarburton, M.K. 1981. Notes and measurements of Hutton's and Fluttering Shearwaters found 

drowned at Kaikoura Peninsula. Notornis 28: 9-10. 

West, J. & Imber, M.J. 1985. Some foods of Hutton's Shearwater (Puffinus huttoni). Notornis 32(4): 

333-336. 



Wragg, G. 1985. The comparative biology of Fluttering shearwater and Hutton's shearwater and their 

relationship to other shearwater species. M.S. thesis Lincoln College, University of Canterbury. 

Audubon's Shearwater 

Puffinus lherminieri [Lesson 1839, Antilles]. 

[P.l. lherminieri] Breeding: Bermuda, cays around Little Abaco & possibly E Andros (Bahamas), Saba 

Key, Virgin Islands, Guadaloupe, La Désirade and some other Leeward Islands and Martinique, 

Rocher du Diamant, Barbados and some other Winward Islands and islets off Porto Rico. 

[P.l. loyemilleri] Breeding: Islets off the Caribbean coasts of Nicaragua & Panama and Islas los 

Roques (Venezuela). 

Non-breeding: Some populations sedentary, others move N & NE in to the W Atlantic. 

Treated by Onley & Scofield 2007 to include Puffinus baroli boydi. 

John James Audubon (1785-1851), father of American ornithology and author of the monumental 

'Birds of America' in four volumes. 

Félix Louis L'Herminier (1779-1833), French pharmacist and naturalist who studied the flora and 

fauna of Guadeloupe between 1798 and 1829 and / or his son Ferdinand Joseph L'Herminier (1802- 

1866), who worked with his father in Guadeloupe for three years. 

Baltz, M.E. et al 1998. New records of Audubon's Shearwater (Puffinus lherminieri) breeding colonies 

in the Exuma Cays. Bahamas Journal of Science 6(1): 43-46. 



Bourne, W.R.P. 1992. Debatable British and Irish seabirds. Birding World 5(10): 382-390. 

Brinkley, E.S. & Patteson, J.B. 1998. Seabirds of the southern Gulf Stream. Birding World 11(11): 

421-429. 


Western Palearctic lists. British Birds 99(6): 306-323 (308-309). 


Efe, M.A. & Musso, C.M. 2001. Primeiro registro de Puffinus lherminieri Lesson, 1839 no Brasil [First 

record of Audubon’s Shearwater (Puffinus lherminieri) for Brazil]. Nattereria 2: 21-23. 

Fraser, M. 2006. ListCheck. Birdwatch 163: 52-53. 

Fraser, M. 2010. ListCheck (Specific status: Audubon's and Boyd's Shearwater). Birdwatch 220: 49. 

Mackin, W.A. 2005. Neighbor–stranger discrimination in Audubon's shearwater (Puffinus l. 

lherminieri) explained by a 'real enemy' effect. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 59(2): 326- 

332. 

Mestre, L.A.M. et al 2009. Dados biológicos de Puffinus lherminieri anilhados em Fernando de 

Noronha em 2005 e 2006 [Biological data of Puffinus lherminieri banded in Fernando de Noronha 

archipelago during 2005 and 2006]. Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia 17(1): 65-69. 

27

Olson, S.L. 2010. Stasis and turnover in small shearwaters on Bermuda over the last 400,000 years 

(Aves: Procellariidae: Puffinus lherminieri group). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 99: 

699-707. 

Patteson, B. & Sutherland, K. 2009. Gadfly petrels and other seabirds in the Gulf Stream off Cape 

Hatteras. Birding World 22(4): 151-161. 

Patteson, B. 1996. Answers to the August Photo Quiz (Audubon's Shearwater). Birding XXVIII(5): 

417-418. 


Sangster, G. 2005. Taxonomic recommendations for British Birds: third report. Ibis 147: 821-826. 

Silva e Silva, R. & Olmos, F. 2010. Notes on the biology and morphology of Audubon’s Shearwaters 

Puffinus lherminieri (Procellariiformes: Procellariidae) from Fernando de Noronha, northeast Brazil. 

Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia 18(3): 139-145. 

Wetmore, A. 1959. Description of a race of the Shearwater Puffinus lherminieri from Panama. 

Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 72: 19-22. 

Persian Shearwater 

Puffinus persicus [Hume 1873]. 

[P.p. persicus] Breeding: Halaaniyaat Island (off SE Oman) and the Socotra archipelago (NW Indian 

Ocean). 

Non-breeding: Probably to the Gulf of Oman or perhaps further E towards India. 

[P.p. temptator] Breeding: Moheli Island (Comoros, W Indian Ocean). 

Non-breeding: Not well known. 

Treated by del Hoyo et al 1992 as races of Audubon’s Shearwater. 

Other name: Arabian Shearwater. 

1st WP Record: 22 January 1985. Jaffa Port, Tel Aviv, Israel. Presumed same individual seen again 

between 4 and 6 February (Shirihai, H. 1996. The Birds of Israel. Academic Press). 

Campbell, O. & Pedersen, T. 2011. Birding in the United Arab Emirates. Birding World 24(4): 160- 

176 (plate 7, 165). 

Campbell, O. 2012. Summer seawatching on the edge of Arabia. Birding World 25(6): 258-263 (plate 

1, 259). 

Louette, M. & Herremans, M. 1985. A new race of Audubon’s Shearwater Puffinus lherminieri 

breeding at Moheli, Comoro Islands. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club 105(2): 3-48. 

Pittie, A. 2006. The dates of six taxa described by A.O. Hume (Puffinus persicus, Ephialtes brucei 

and Ninox obscurus) and W.E. Brooks (Cyornis poliogenys, Phylloscopus sindianus and 

Calandrella tibetana). Indian Birds 2(5): 132-136. 

Roselaar, C.S. & Aliabadian, M. 2009. Review of rare birds in Iran, 1860s-1960s. Podoces 4(1): 1- 

27 (5). 

Tropical Shearwater 

Puffinus bailloni [Bonaparte 1857]. 

[P.b. bailloni] Breeding: Europa Island (S Mozambique Channel) & Réunion (Mascarene archipelago, 

W Indian Ocean). 

[P.b. dichrous] Breeding: Cousin Island & Amirante Islands, Seychelles, the Maldives, Chagos 

archipelago & Aldabra Atoll (Indian Ocean) and Banks Islands, Vanuatu (SW Pacific), Palau & 

Marianas Islands (NW Pacific), Nauru, Phoenix Islands & Line Islands (C Pacific), Samoa, Fiji, Tonga, 

Tahiti and Marquesas Islands (N French Polynesia) & Gambier Islands (Tuamotu archipelago, French 

Polynesia). 

Non-breeding: Not fully established, some populations probably sedentary. 

The proposed forms polynesiae, nicolae, colstoni and gunax are included with P.b. dichrous. 

Treated by del Hoyo et al 1992 as races of Audubon’s Shearwater. 

1st WP Record: 18 June 1992. North Beach, Eilat, Israel. Hadoram Shirihai (Shirihai, H. 1996. The 

Birds of Israel. Academic Press). 

Bretagnolle, V. & Atti, C. 1996. Coloration and biometrics of fledgling Audubon's Shearwaters 

Puffinus lherminieri from Runion Island, Indian Ocean. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 

166: 194-197. 

Bretagnolle, V. et al 2000. Audubon's Shearwater Puffinus lherminieri on Reunion Island, Indian 

Ocean: Behaviour, census, distribution, biometrics and breeding biology. Ibis 142: 399-412. 

Buden, D.W. 2008. The birds of Nauru. Notornis 55(1): 8-19. 

28

Burger, A.E. & Lawrence, A.D. 2001. Census of Wedge-tailed Shearwaters Puffinus pacificus and 

Audubon's Shearwaters P. lherminieri on Cousin Island, Seychelles using call-playback. Marine 


Burger, A.E. 2001. Diving depths of Shearwaters. The Auk 118(3): 755-759. 

Carter, M. 1988. Audubon's Shearwater Puffinus lherminieri in Australia. Australian Bird Watcher 12: 

141-149. 



Eds. 1995. A new Western Palearctic bird. Birding World 8(7): 241. 

Le Corre, M. 2000. Taxonomic affinities of the Audubon’s Shearwater (Puffinus lherminieri) from 

Europa Island, Southern Mozambique Channel. The Condor 102: 187-190. 

Sangster, G. et al 2011. Taxonomic recommendations for British Birds: seventh report. Ibis 153(4): 

883-892. 

Shirihai, H. & Christie, D.A. 1996. A new taxon of small shearwater from the Indian Ocean. Bulletin 

of the British Ornithologists' Club 116: 180-186. 

Shirihai, H. & Sinclair, I. 1994. An Unidentified Shearwater at Eilat. Birding World 7(7): 274-278. 

Shirihai, H. 2001. The Mascarene Shearwater. Birding World 14(2): 78-85. 

Shirihai, H. et al 1995. A new species of Puffinus shearwater from the western Indian Ocean. Bulletin 

of the British Ornithologists' Club 115: 75-87. 



Galapágos Shearwater 

Puffinus subalaris [Ridgway 1897]. 

Breeding: Islets off Santa Cruz, Española Island, Wenman Island, Champion Island & Indefatigable 

(all Galapágos Islands). 

Non-breeding: Largely sedentary with some dispersal towards C America. 

Treated by del Hoyo et al 1992 as a race of Audubon’s Shearwater. 

Harris, M.P. 1969. Food as a factor controlling the breeding of Puffinus lherminieri. Ibis 111(2): 139- 

156. 

Harris, M.P. 1979. Survival and Ages of First Breeding of Galápagos Seabirds. Bird-Banding 50(1): 

56-61. 

Snow, D.W. 1965. The Breeding of Audubon's Shearwater (Puffinus lherminieri) in the Galapagos. 

The Auk 82(4): 591-597. 

Bannerman's Shearwater 

Puffinus bannermani [Mathews & Iredale 1915]. 

Breeding: Volcano Island & Bonin Island (Japan region, NW Pacific). 

Non-breeding: Off Japan and S thru NW Pacific to tropics. 

Treated by del Hoyo et al 1992 as a race of Audubon’s Shearwater. 

Dr. David Armitage Bannerman (1886-1979), British ornithologist who was on the staff at the British 

Museum. He co-authored numerous books including ‘The Birds of the Atlantic Islands’ and was 

Chairman of the BOU between 1932 and 1935. 

Heinroth's Shearwater 

Puffinus heinrothi [Reichenow 1919, Blanche Bay, New Britain]. 

Breeding: Bismarck archipelago, Arawa (Bougainville group) and Rendova & Kolumbangara 

(Solomon Islands) and possibly New Britain. 

Non-breeding: Not known, probably sedentary. 

Oskar August Heinroth (1871-1945), German doctor and zoologist who the director of the Berlin 

Aquarium for over 30 years. 

Adams, M.P. et al 2003. Extinct and endangered (‘E&E’) birds:a proposed list for collection 

catalogues. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club 123: 338-354. 



Dutson, G. 2001. New distributional ranges for Melanesian birds. Emu 101(3): 237-248. 

Gibbs, D. 1996. Notes on Solomon Island birds. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 116(1): 18- 

25 (18). 

29

Shirihai, H. 2004. Pioneering pelagics (Voyage of discovery). Birdwatch 143: 36-39. 

Steadman, D.W. et al 1990. Extinction, Biogeography, and Human Exploitation of Birds on Tikopia 

and Anuta, Polynesian Outliers in the Solomon Islands. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 30: 

118-153 (127). 

Little Shearwater 

Puffinus assimilis [Gould 1838, New South Wales = Norfolk Island]. 

[P.a. assimilis] Breeding: Philip Island & Nepean Island (Norfolk group, Tasman Sea, Australia region) 

and Lord Howe Island & Roach Island (Lord Howe group, Tasman Sea). 

[P.a. kermadecensis] Breeding: Herald Island, Curtis Island & Macauley Islands (Kermadec Islands, 

SW Pacific). 

[P.a. haurakiensis] Breeding: Island groups off the NE coast of North Island New Zealand. 

[P.a. tunneyi] Breeding: Amsterdam Island & St. Paul Island (S Indian Ocean) and Houtman Abrolhos 

Group & Récherche archipelago (off SW Australia). 

[P.a. elegans] Breeding: Star Keys & Little Mangere (Chatham Islands, New Zealand region), 

Antipodes Islands (New Zealand region) and Tristan da Cunha & Gough Island (S Atlantic). 

Non-breeding: Not fully established. 

Other name: Subantarctic Little Shearwater (elegans). 

Booth, A.M. et al 1996. Kiore (Rattus exulans) predation on the eggs of the Little Shearwater 

(Puffinus assimilis haurakiensis). Notornis 43(3): 147-153. 

Booth, A.M. et al 2000. Aspects of the breeding ecology of the North Island little shearwater Puffinus 

assimilis haurakiensis. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 27: 335-345. 

Booth, A.M. et al 2000. Co-ordinated food provisioning in the Little Shearwater Puffinus assimilis 

haurakiensis: a previously undescribed foraging strategy in the Procellariidae. Ibis 142: 144-146. 




Western Palearctic lists. British Birds 99(6): 306-323 (308-309). 

Duriez, O. et al 2005. Birds and wildlife of the French sub-antarctic islands: Crozet, Kerguelen and 

Amsterdam & St Paul. Dutch Birding 27(2): 87-115 (plate 113, 94). 





Macaronesian Shearwater 

Barolo Shearwater 

Puffinus baroli [Bonaparte 1857]. 

Breeding: Azores, Madeira, Desertas, Ilhas Selvagens & Canary Islands. 


Treated by del Hoyo et al 1992 as a race of Little Shearwater. 

Barolo Shearwater is named after the Italian estate of Carlo Tancredi Falletti and / or Juliette Victurine 

Colbert di Maulévrier, the Marchese and Marchesa di Barolo. 

Boyd's Shearwater 

Puffinus boydi [Mathews 1912]. 

Breeding: Cape Verde Islands. 


Treated by del Hoyo et al 1992 as a race of Little Shearwater. 

Treated by Onley & Scofield 2007 as a race of Audubon’s Shearwater. 

Other name: Cape Verde Little Shearwater. 

Boyd Alexander (1873-1910), British Army officer, explorer and ornithologist who collected in the 

Cape Verde Islands. 

Barone, R. & Hering, J. 2010. Recent bird records from Fogo, Cape Verde Islands. Bulletin of the 

African Bird Club 17(1): 72-78 (73). 

Barone, R. & Trujillo, D. 2007. Pardela chica Puffinus assimilis [Little Shearwater], pp. 113-118. 

Found in: Lorenzo, J.A. (ed.). Atlas de las aves nidificantes en el archipiélago canario (1997- 

30

2003). Dirección General de Conservación de la Naturaleza – Sociedad Española de Ornitología 

(SEO/BirdLife), Madrid. 




(October 2000). Ibis 143: 171-175. 

British Ornithologists’ Union 2005. British Ornithologists’ Union Records Committee: 31st Report 

(October 2004). Ibis 147: 246-250. 


Western Palearctic lists. British Birds 99(6): 306-323(308-309). 

Crochet, P-A. 2006, Little Shearwater: underwing pattern. Birding World 19(2): 19-20. 


Eds. 2007. Pigeonhole (Macaronesian Shearwater 18 miles north of Veatch’s Canyon, USA). Birding 

World 20(8): 352. 

Fraser, M. 2006. ListCheck. Birdwatch 163: 52-53. 

Fraser, M. 2010. ListCheck (Specific status: Audubon's and Boyd's Shearwater). Birdwatch 220: 49. 

James, P.C. & Alexander, M. 1984. Madeiran Little Shearwater Puffinus assimilis baroli prospecting 

on Skomer Island, U.K. Ardea 72: 236-237. 

James, P.C. & Robertson, H.A. 1984. Sexual dimorphism in the voice of the Little Shearwater 

Puffinus assimilis. Ibis 127: 388-390. 

James, P.C. & Robertson, H.A. 1986. How useful are vocalizations in Petrel systematics Emu 

86(3): 186-189. 

James, P.C. 1986. Little Shearwaters in Britain and Ireland. British Birds 79(1): 28-33. 

Johnson, T. 2012. Barolo Shearwaters in Canadian waters. Birding World 25(9): 395. 

Keogh, N. 2005. Reports (Ross-tinted spectacles. Seawatching: Bridges of Ross, Co. Clare, Ireland, 


Langman, M. 2012. Reports (Shear seawatching bliss. Barolo Shearwater: Berry Head, Devon, 7 

June 2012). Birdwatch 242: 78. 

Lansdown, P. & Rees, G. 1987. Notes (Manx Shearwater resembling Little Shearwaters). British 

Birds 80(3): 112. 

Lee, D.S. 1988. The Little Shearwater (Puffinus assimilis) in the western North Atlantic. American 

Birds 42: 213-220. 

Lees, A.C. 2005. Macaronesian endemic birds: their taxonomy, status and conservation. Alula 11(1): 

12-24 (13). 

Martin, J. & Rowlands, A. 2001. Identification matters (Small wonders). Birdwatch 114: 22-25. 

McGeehan, A. & Mullarney, K. 1995. Identification (A little help). Birdwatch 39: 38-42. 

McGeehan, A. 1995. Birding from the Hip (The secret’s out - All that flutters is not gold). Birdwatch 

32: 20. 

McGeehan, A. et al 2006. Little Shearwater at Ramore Head - a species new to Northern Ireland. 

Northern Ireland Bird Report XVI pp.145-148. 

Monteiro, L.R. et al 1999. Status and Distribution of Fea's Petrel, Bulwer's Petrel, Manx Shearwater, 

Little Shearwater and Band-Rumped Storm-Petrel in the Azores Archipelago. Waterbirds 22(3): 

368-366. 

Mullarney, K. 2002. Letters (Little by little). Birdwatch 116: 11. 

Nunes, M. 2001. Sites to save (Cape Verde seabirds in trouble). World Birdwatch 23(2): 24-26. 

Olivera, P. et al 2010. Successful eradication of the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and 

house mouse (Mus musculus) from the island of Selvagem Grande (Macaronesian archipelago), in 

the Eastern Atlantic. Integrative Zoology 5(1): 70-83. 

Olson, S.L. 2010. Stasis and turnover in small shearwaters on Bermuda over the last 400,000 years 

(Aves: Procellariidae: Puffinus lherminieri group). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 99: 

699-707. 


Proctor, L. 2009. Reports (Shear heart attack! Macaronesian Shearwater: Pendeen, Cornwall, 28 


Rodríguez, A. & Padilla, D.P. 2006. First breeding record of Macaronesian Shearwater Puffinus 

baroli baroli in El Hierro (Canary Islands). Alauda 74(4): 449-450. 



Rodríguez, A. et al 2012. Trends in numbers of petrels attracted to artificial lights suggest population 

declines in Tenerife, Canary Islands. Ibis 154(1): 167-172. 

31

Rodríguez, B. et al 2003. Status and distribution of breeding seabirds in the northern islets of 

Lanzarote, Canary Islands. Atlantic Seabirds 5(2): 41-56. 

Sangster, G. 2005. Taxonomic recommendations for British Birds: third report. Ibis 147: 821-826. 

Siddle, J. 2004. Birding in Madeira. Birding World 17(4): 166-175 (169). 

Steele, D.S. 1988. The Little Shearwater in the western North Atlantic. American Birds 42: 213-220. 

Townend, C. 2010. Reports (Roll out the barolo. Macaronesian Shearwater: Lundy, Devon, from 5 

June 2010). Birdwatch 218: 60-61. 

Townend, C. 2010. The Barolo Shearwater on Lundy. Birding World 23(6): 238. 

32

Shearwater references - Dutch Birding

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