Biodiversity in Australia's National Reserve System - Part ... - BushBlitz

Focusing on the Landscape 

Biodiversity in Australia’s National Reserve System 

Part A: Fauna 

A Report for Caring for Our Country 

Prepared by Industry and Investment, New South Wales 

Forest Science Centre, Forest & Rangeland Ecosystems. 

PO Box 100, Beecroft NSW 2119 Australia. 

1

Table of Contents 

Figures.......................................................................................................................................2 

Tables........................................................................................................................................2 

Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................5 

Introduction...............................................................................................................................8 

Methods.....................................................................................................................................9 

Results and Discussion ...........................................................................................................14 

References.............................................................................................................................194 

Appendix 1 Vertebrate summary .........................................................................................196 

Appendix 2 Invertebrate summary.......................................................................................197 

Figures 

Figure 1. Location of protected areas within the Australian Protected Area Network (taken 

from http://www.environment.gov.au/parks/nrs/science/locations.html). 10 

Tables 

Table 1 Summary of vertebrate taxa in the National Reserve System (NRS). Well Reserved 

= >45% of Record Sites within PAs; Under Reserved = 45% of record sites in PAs..............................................15 

Table 10 Species of anurans with 45% of site records within the NRS.................................21 

Table 17 Mammal species with

Table 20 Mammal species recorded in five or fewer PAs greater than 1000 hectares. ........26 

Table 21 Reptile species that account for approximately 50% of the total species records in 

ANHAT...................................................................................................................................27 

Table 22 Reptile species with 30 or fewer individual site records in the ANHAT database. 

.................................................................................................................................................28 

Table 23 Reptile species with >45% of site records within PAs. .........................................33 

Table 24 Reptile species with 45% of site records within PAs...............................46 

Table 32 Non-passerine species with

Table 56 Land snail species with 10 or fewer individual record sites in the ANHAT 

database...................................................................................................................................84 

Table 57 Land snail species with >45% of site records within PAs ...................................109 

Table 58 Land snail species with 1000 ha................................................................................................................................120 

Table 60 Trap-door spider species that account for approximately 50% of the total species 

records in ANHAT................................................................................................................129 

Table 61 Trap-door spider species with 10 or fewer individual site records in the ANHAT 

database.................................................................................................................................130 

Table 62 Trap-door spiders species with >45% of site records within the NRS. ...............144 

Table 63 Trap-door spider species with 45% of site records within the NRS..................152 

Table 68 Huntsman spider species with 45% of site records within the NRS.....................178 

Table 73 Ground beetles species with 45% of site records within the NRS............................188 

Table 78 Dytiscidae species recorded from five or fewer PAs and in five or fewer PAs 

greater than 1000 hectares.....................................................................................................189 

4

Executive Summary 

We compared the location of fauna records (record sites) with the protected area network of 

Australia for the following diverse groups: anurans (frogs), mammals, birds, reptiles, 

mygalomorphae (trap-door) spiders, sparassidae (huntsman) spiders, lepidoptera (butterflies), 

land snails, dytiscidae (water beetles) and odonata (dragonflies and damselflies). We 

determined how many record sites fell within protected areas (PAs) and assessed whether the 

available distribution of record sites matched that which could be expected by random 

chance. We also determined the number of PAs in which each species was located and how 

many were found in larger (>1000 ha) PAs. This latter category is considered to be of 

importance as larger PAs are thought to provide significantly better long-term protection to 

species. They represent larger areas of more diverse habitats that can support larger 

populations that are more likely to survive local catastrophic events and so survive in relative 

perpetuity. Species in smaller reserves will be present in smaller populations and so are 

considered more likely to suffer major decline due to individual “local” events that affect 

habitats (eg, fire, disease) leaving them prone to extinction. They also are likely to have less 

genetic diversity and so have less long-term ability to adapt to changing conditions within 

their PA and region. 

The 2006 Collaborative Australian Protected Areas Database (CAPAD) lists 8780 

International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) criteria “reserves” that protect 

768,826,956 hectares (11.6%) of mainland Australia (forming Australia’s National Reserve 

System (NRS)). We obtained data for 6590 species, but 15 vertebrate species were 

considered extinct and removed from analysis. Also, 30 or fewer records were available for 

302 vertebrate species (15.9%) and ten or fewer records for 3021 invertebrate species 

(64.4%). These species were not included in the further detailed analysis, but it was notable 

that vertebrate species in this category are usually located in northern and inland Australia 

and represent only small proportions of the total vertebrate species. Hence, the vertebrates 

are generally well understood in their distributions and habitat requirements. For the 

invertebrates, the smaller number of records to enter this category still resulted in more 

species being listed as “poorly known”. For nearly all of these species, their ranges and 

habitat requirements are essentially unknown and it is reasonable to state that we currently 

have no knowledge of their conservation status. These species come from all over Australia, 

although, again, there is a tendency for species in this category to come from the less 

populated regions of Australia. 

The data for the 1550 remaining extant vertebrate species and 1669 invertebrate species is 

summarised in Tables 1 and 2. These species have an average of 20.46% of their record 

sites within PAs, far above the 11.6% of land protected by PAs across Australia, indicating 

that records are much more likely to come from PAs than would be expected by chance. A 

total of 649 species have >45% of record sites in PAs and 441 species

are mammals. Reptiles are the least well recorded group. Reptiles are less likely to be 

surveyed and reported by people and so have relatively less information available on their 

presence inside or outside of the PA network. Of particular note is that no reptile species is 

located in greater than 100 large reserves, which is the category most likely to provide a 

secure conservation future. Further survey work is likely to change this and is highly 

recommended. 

In contrast to the vertebrate groups, invertebrates are equally likely to be poorly reserved as 

they are to be well reserved. That is, an invertebrate species is equally likely to have less 

than 10% of the available records in PAs as it is to have over 45% of its known records 

within PAs. Over 50% of the invertebrate taxa represented by more than 10 record sites are 

known from fewer than 100 PAs. Invertebrates tend to have much smaller distributions than 

vertebrates and so it is expected that they will fall into less PAs on average; they do not occur 

in distributions encompassing large numbers of PAs. However, as with the reptiles, there are 

still many species with larger distributions that still are not known from more than 100 PAs 

whereas they may be expected to do so. 

6

Table 1 Summary of vertebrate taxa in the National Reserve System (NRS). Well Reserved = >45% of Record Sites within PAs; Under Reserved = 30 records) 

Total No. 

Records 

No. of species 

( 

100 PAs 

% Species > 100 

Large PAs 

% Species < 5 

PAs 

% Species < 5 

Large PAs 

Anurans 169 95967 41 36 (21.3%) 18 (10.6%) 11.24 9.47 14.20 13.02 

Mammals 242 412781 36 61 (25.2%) 8 (3.3%) 23.55 19.83 15.29 16.12 

Reptiles 579 325282 212 123 (21.2%) 46 (7.9%) 10.36 7.60 19.52 20.55 

Non-passerines 282 3564629 3 12 (4.8%) 13 (5.2%) 68.67 58.63 2.81 2.81 

Passerines 311 4970597 10 47 (15.1%) 13 (4.1%) 53.70 49.20 4.50 5.79 

Table 2 Summary of invertebrate taxa in the NRS – Codes as for Table 1. 

Taxa 

No. Species 

(>10 records) 

No. 

Records 

No. species 

( 100 

PAs 

% Species > 

100 Large PAs 

% Species < 5 

PAs 

% Species < 5 

Large PAs 

Odonata 168 9227 115 38 (22.6%) 30 (17.9%) 0.00 0.00 53.57 52.98 

Lepidoptera 362 52914 80 46 (12.7%) 49 (13.5%) 0.83 0.28 35.91 37.57 

Pulmonata 727 38702 1187 178 (24.5%) 159 (21.9%) 0.00 0.00 55.30 58.18 

Mygalomorphae 128 7703 481 22 (17.2%) 49 (38.3%) 0.00 0.00 47.66 50.78 

Sparassidae 30 889 86 6 (20.0%) 7 (23.3%) 0.00 0.00 43.33 46.67 

Carabidae 204 6537 999 74 (36.3%) 49 (24.0%) 0.00 0.00 63.73 64.71 

Dytiscidae 50 1668 73 6 (12.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0.00 0.00 62.00 62.00 

7

Introduction 

Australia has a diverse fauna with a very high level of endemism. However, the fauna of 

Australia is under threat from several areas and remains in need of protection. Land clearance 

represents a very serious threat to the ongoing survival of most species. Since 1788, over 

700,000 km 2 (about 20%) of woodland and forest have been cleared or thinned, primarily for 

crops and grazing. A further 130,000 km 2 (35%) of mallee has been cleared since 1788, 

along with 20,000 km 2 of heath (45%), over 60,000 km 2 (10%) of tussock grassland and 

smaller areas of other grasslands (National Land and Water Resources Audit 2001). Habitat 

loss continues with the 2001 annual rate of vegetation clearance being around 248,000 

hectares (National Land and Water Resources Audit 2001). Hence, habitat loss is a serious 

threat for species where the majority of habitat required is already lost or under immediate 

threat. 

The Australian Government is building a network of protected areas, called the National 

Reserve System (NRS), which aims to “contain samples of all ecosystems identified at an 

appropriate regional scale” (see http://www.environment.gov.au/parks/nrs/science/scientificframework.html). 

More specifically, this is based on the widely used criteria of preserving a 

minimum of 10% of each biome (McNeely 1993; Archer and Orr 2008). Furthermore, the 

criteria based on the Regional Forest Agreements (RFAs) to protect the remaining forests in 

Australia is a target of 15% of pre-1750 (pre-European) vegetation types (Commonwealth of 

Australia 1996), although this has not always been achieved (e.g., Flint et al 2004). Whilst 

sound in principle, the actual success of these reserves in protecting populations of species 

remains unknown. 

A simple approach to assessing the potential effectiveness of reservations in protecting 

species is to determine the proportion of record sites (from hereon simply records) for each 

species that falls within Protectes Areas (Pas). Few records falling within PAs suggests that 

a species may not be well protected. Conversely, if relatively large numbers of records fall 

within PAs, then a species may be moderately secure from the effects of habitat loss and 

degradation. Overall, we could expect the percentages of records in PAs to be similar to the 

percentage of reserved lands available within Australia. 

Additional means of assessing the effectiveness of PAs in protecting fauna relate to their size 

and the number of reserves that contain populations of a species. Island biogeography theory 

suggests that larger reserves are more valuable as conservation areas than small ones due to 

edge effects, area to perimeter ratios, greater ranges of habitats and larger areas having larger 

populations that are likely to be more robust (Lomolino, 1994). Greater conservation value is 

also likely where populations occur in multiple PAs rather than one single PA as localised 

extinctions due to stochastic events are almost inevitable. Hence, a spread of populations 

across the landscape should lessen the likelihood of total extinction whilst increasing the 

opportunities for rescue events through recolonisation, providing that areas remain 

connected. The number of larger PAs in which species are found and the number of PAs in 

total are two potentially useful measures of the capabililty of the NRS to protect a species. 

In this study, we collate record sites for each species in a range of speciose groups and 

determine the number and proportions of records within listed NRS protected areas (PAs), 

including in how many different reserves species are found and how many of these PAs are 

1000 ha or larger (following Rodrigues et al 2004). We are particularly interested in seeing 

if there are common biological or geographical characteristics for species that are either well 

or under “reserved”. This can provide indications of the level of protection likely to be 

8

afforded to species for which we have few site records. Species that are likely to be under 

represented in PAs can be considered for priority conservation action if land clearance and/or 

degradation is/are likely to be an immediate and severe threatening process. 

Methods 

The methods used in this paper are based on those used to undertake a similar analysis of 

frogs by Lemckert et al (2009). 

The 2006 CAPAD database lists 8780 IUCN criteria PAs (see Figure 1) that protect 

768,826,956 hectares (11.6%) of continental Australia, including Tasmania (see Table 3). 

This level of reservation provided the baseline for comparisons of the expected reservation 

levels for each group. 

Records for each group were supplied by the Australian Government Department of the 

Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts through the Australian Natural Heritage 

Assessment Tool (ANHAT) database. This database has been compiled from specimen and 

site records held in State, Territory and Commonwealth flora and fauna collections and 

wildlife atlases, and from the work of individual researchers. ANHAT is a custom-designed 

analysis tool built on Microsoft Access (Microsoft, 2003) and ArcGIS geographic 

information system (ESRI, 2005). 

Data was supplied on the following terrestrial groups: mammals, birds, reptiles, frogs, trapdoor 

spiders, huntsman spiders, butterflies, land snails, carabidae land beetles, dytiscidae 

water beetles and the dragonflies and damselflies. This included data on species that have yet 

to be formally described. 

Records dated pre-1950 were excluded from the data sets, as earlier historical site records 

rarely have sufficient spatial accuracy for this type of analysis. Furthermore, site records 

with a spatial error range >20 km were excluded and duplicate records removed. Records 

within 500 m of each other were considered the same site and listed as a single spatial record. 

Due to time limitations, review of taxonomic and nomenclatural changes of the species in 

ANHAT was not performed. Time limitations also meant that names of undescribed species 

were not able to be put into the correct taxonomic format, so that in many cases informal 

names may appear italicised and/or not indicative of taxonomic rank. 

Within each of the nine groups, any species with fewer than 30 records for vertebrates and 

fewer than 10 records for the invertebrates was noted and removed from further 

consideration. Such species may have been rarely recorded because they are rare, because 

they occur in remote locations, because they are very cryptic or through a combination of 

these factors. Regardless, we removed them because we believe it is difficult to assess the 

relative state of reservation of such species with reasonable accuracy. For example, if a 

species has two site records and both fall in a reserve, it is not reasonable to assume that it is 

highly protected when most of its predicted range falls outside of reserves. We also removed 

species that are now considered extinct, have suffered recent serious declines or have been 

named relatively recently. Records for recently declined species may not provide an accurate 

assessment because many are from sites where the species is not longer extant. The recovery 

of these species is unpredictable and so assessing their relative reservation levels into the 

future is difficult. 

9

Figure 1 Location of protected areas within the Australian Protected Area Network (taken 

from http://www.environment.gov.au/parks/nrs/science/locations.html). 

Table 3 Area of IUCN category reserved lands within each state of Australia 

(http://www.environment.gov.au/parks/nrs/science/capad/2006/index.html) 

Total Area (ha) Reserve Area Reserve Count % Area 

(ha) 

Australia 768,826,956 89,528,859 8,780 11.6 

ACT 235,813 129,040 42 54.7 

NSW 80,121,268 6,755,798 736 8.4 

NT 134,778,762 7,889,765 95 5.9 

QLD 172,973,671 9,608,482 854 5.6 

SA 98,422,137 25,115,119 1,845 25.5 

TAS 6,840,133 2,721,392 940 39.8 

VIC 22,754,364 3,832,094 2,784 16.8 

WA 252,700,808 33,477,165 1,484 13.2 

The site records of the remaining species were compared to Australia’s NRS (based on the 

2006 CAPAD database) using the six IUCN recognized protected area categories to define 

reserves (http://www.iucn.org/about/union/commissions/wcpa/wcpa_overview/index.cfm). 

10

We determined three categories of information for each species: 1) how many site records 

fell within PAs; 2) in how many different PAs each species was recorded; and 3) in how 

many PAs greater than 1000 ha each species was recorded. We were especially interested in 

determining which species had obviously larger or smaller percentages of their site records 

falling within PAs and if the species in each shared common characteristics. Hence, we 

listed the species within the “high” and “low” reservation categories for each group and 

noted for each their broad location within Australia and their known broad habitat 

preferences. The main sources of information used in the assessment of each of the groups 

are listed below: 

Anurans: GAA (2001). 

Mammals: Van Dyck, S., and Strahan, R. (2008), Menkhorst and Knight (2001) and 

Churchill (2008) 

Birds: Barrett et al (2003) 

Reptiles: Wilson and Swan (2003) 

Butterflies: Australian Faunal Directory 

(http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/fauna/afd/home) and 

Braby (2004). 

Land Snails: Australian Faunal Directory (http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/onlineresources/fauna/afd/home) 

Trapdoor Spiders: Australian Faunal Directory 

(http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/fauna/afd/home) 

Huntsman Spiders: OZCAM (2009) and Australian Faunal Directory 


Odonata: Theischinger and Hawking (2006) and Australian Faunal Directory 


Carabidae: Australian Faunal Directory (http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/onlineresources/fauna/afd/home) 

Dytiscidae: Australian Faunal Directory (http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/onlineresources/fauna/afd/home) 

11

Table 4 Codes for location distributions 

Location description 

ACT Australian Capital Territory 

CN Central North Australia 

CS Central South Australia 

E Eastern Australia 

I Inland Australia 

MAW Mainland Aust. Wide 

NE North East Australia 

NSW New South Wales 

NT Northern Territory 

NW North West Australia 

QLD Queensland 

SA South Australia 

SE South East Australia 

SW South West Australia 

TAS Tasmania 

UnV Uncommon & Vagrant Species 

UR Unrecorded 

VIC Victoria 

W West Australia 

WA Western Australia 

Table 5 Vegetation type codes 

Vegetation Type Code 

Alluvial Flats/Floodplain AF 

Alpine 

Al 

Arid 

Ar 

Caves 

Cave 

Cliffs 

Cl 

Coastal 

Co 

Coastal Flats 

CF 

Coastal Swamplands CSw 

Coastal Veg 

CV 

Dune Fields 

DF 

Eucalypt 

Euc 

Farmland 

FL 

Forest 

For 

Generalist 

Gen 

Gorges 

Gor 

Grassland 

GrL 

Heath 

He 

High Rainforest 

HRG 

Hummock Grass HG 

Limestone 

LS 

Litter 

Lit 

Mallee 

Mal 

Mangroves 

Man 

Montane 

Mon 

Mulga 

Mul 

Open Country 

Op 

Vegetation Type 

Rainforest 

Rocky Habitats 

Riparian 

Salt Lake 

Salt Bush 

Salt Marsh 

Sandy Plains 

Sandstone 

Scrub 

Semi Arid 

Shrublands 

Spinifex 

Thicket 

Urban 

Wetland 

Woodland 

Code 

RF 

RH 

Rip 

SaL 

SB 

SM 

SaP 

Sand 

Sc 

SAr 

SL 

Sp 

Th 

Urb 

Wet 

WL 

Table 6 Environment Protection and Biodiversity 

Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC) threatened status 

codes 

Code 

CE 

EN 

VU 

CD 

NL 

EX 

Threatened status 

Critically endangered 

Endangered 

Vulnerable 

Conservation dependant 

not listed under the EPBC Act 

Extinct 

12

Table 7 Codes for more detailed location distributions 

Location Location Description 

Code 

W West Bound by 120 o E longitude in the east and 30 o S 

latitude in the south and 20 o S latitude in the north. 

SW South West Bound by Northern Territory/Western Australian border 

(approx 129 o E longitude) in the east and 30 o latitude 

S in the north. 

NW North West Bound by 20 o S latitude in the south and Northern 

Territory/Western Australian border (approx 129 o E 

longitude) in the east. 

WI West Inland Bound by 20 o S latitude in the north and by 120 o E 

longitude in the west, 30 o S latitude in the south and by 

Northern Territory/Western Australian border (approx 

129 o E longitude) in the east. 

CN 

CI 

CS 

Central 

North 

Central 

Inland 

Central 

South 

Bound by Northern Territory/Western Australian border 

(approx 129 o E longitude) in the west, 141 o E 

longitude in the east (in line with NSW/South 

Australian border) in the east and 20 o S latitude in the 

south. 


(approx 129 o E longitude) in the west, 141 o E longitude 

in the east (NSW/South Australian border) in the east, 

approx 20 o S latitude in the north and 30 o S latitude in 

the south. 


(approx 129 o E longitude) in the west, 141 o E longitude 

in the east (NSW/South Australian border) in the east 

and 30 o S latitude in the south. 

NE North East Bound by 141 o E longitude in the west (in line with 

NSW/South Australian border) and 20 o S latitude in the 

south. 

E East Bound by 146 o E longitude in the west and 20 o S 

latitude in the north and 34 o S latitude (approx Sydney) 

in the south. 

EI East Inland Bound by 141 o E longitude in the west (in line with 

NSW/South Australian border) and 146 o E longitude in 

the east and by 20 o S latitude in the north and 34 o S 

latitude (approx Sydney) in the south. 

SE South-East Bound by 141 o E longitude in the west 

(Victorian/South Australian border) and 34 o S latitude 

(approx Sydney) in the north. 

TAS Tas Tasmania 

TAS Is TAS Is Islands around Tasmania 

13

Results and Discussion 

Anurans 

We were able to extract 96947 post-1950 site records for 211 species of frogs. Of these, 

25961 site records (26.78%) fell into IUCN PAs, which is much higher than the comparative 

figure of 10.54% of lands reserved. The mean and median numbers of PAs in which a 

species occurs are 32 and 16 reserves respectively. 

One species is considered as extinct and therefore excluded from analysis (Table 8a). 

Table 8 Anuran species considered extinct 

Species Common Name No. Records 

Rheobatrachus vitellinus Northern Gastric-breeding frog 6 

We removed 41 species for which we had 30 or fewer site records available ( 

Table 9b). 

Nine of these species are listed as threatened under the Environment Protection and 

Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), which reflects the fact that this group has 

recently undergone significant declines. Twenty-seven species come from the northern parts 

of Australia. 

Table 9b List of anuran species with 30 records or fewer in the ANHAT database. Species 

in bold are listed as threatened under the EPBC Act. 

General Location in Australia – N = North, E = East, S = South, W = West, I = Interior and C 

= Central Australia. Vegetation Types – RF = Rainforest, For = Forest, WL = Woodlands, 

GrL = Grasslands. 

Taxon Name 

Records 

Location/Veg 

Type 

EPBC 

Status 

Geocrinia lutea 1 SW, For NL 

Geocrinia vitellina 1 SW, For VU 

Pseudophryne covacevichae 2 NE, For VU 

Uperoleia orientalis 3 CN, WL NL 

Litoria andiirrmalin 4 NE, RF NL 

Notaden weigela 5 NW, WL NL 

Cophixalus peninsularis 7 NE, RF NL 

Cophixalus zweifeli 7 NE, For NL 

Philoria richmondensis 9 CE, For NL 

Cophixalus monticola 10 NE, RF NL 

Uperoleia martini 10 SE, For NL 

Litoria lorica 11 NE, For CE 

Spicospina flammocaerulea 11 SW, For EN 

14

Uperoleia arenicola 12 CN, WL NL 

Litoria cavernicola 13 NW, WL NL 

Uperoleia glandulosa 13 CW, WL NL 

Litoria piperata 14 CE, For VU 

Geocrinia rosea 15 SW, For NL 

Litoria electrica 15 NI, WL NL 

Uperoleia talpa 15 NW, GrL NL 

Litoria burrowsae 16 Tas, For NL 

Cophixalus macdonaldi 17 CE, RF NL 

Uperoleia micromeles 17 NI, GrL NL 

Taudactylus liemi 18 NE, For NL 

Uperoleia minima 20 NW, GrL NL 

Uperoleia altissima 21 NE, For NL 

Pseudophryne douglasi 21 CW, WL NL 

Litoria daviesae 21 CE, For NL 

Uperoleia capitulate 22 CI, WL NL 

Uperoleia mjobergii 23 NW, WL NL 

Limnodynastes depressus 24 CN, WL NL 

Taudactylus eungellensis 24 NW, For EN 

Taudactylus pleione 24 NW, For VU 

Taudactylus rheophilus 25 NW, For EN 

Litoria gilleni 26 CI, GrL NL 

Cophixalus saxatilis 26 NW, For NL 

Uperoleia aspera 27 NW, GrL NL 

Uperoleia crassa 27 NW, WL NL 

Cyclorana manya 29 NE, WL NL 

Litoria nyakalensis 30 NE, For CE 

Litoria personata 30 CN, WL NL 

Table 10 Species of anurans with > 45% of record sites in PAs. 

Locations – N = North, E = East, S = South, W = West, Tas = Tasmania, I = Interior and C = 

Central Australia. M = Montane Species. Vegetation Types – CHe = Coastal Heathlands, 

CSw = Coastal Swamplands, GrL = Grasslands, For = Forest, RF = Rainforest and WL = 

Woodlands. 

Species Records In PAs % in PAs Location, Veg Area (km 2 ) Status 

type 

Uperoleia tyleri 84 38 45.2 SE, CHe 82356 NL 

Austrochaperina adelphe 37 17 45.9 N, WL 109688 NL 

Litoria littlejohni 167 77 46.1 SE, CHe 84256 VU 

Pseudophryne pengilleyi 292 136 46.6 M-SE, WL 1110 VU 

Litoria xanthomera 96 45 46.8 NE, RF 19572 NL 

Philoria sphagnicolus 255 121 47.4 M-E, RF 9582 NL 

Litoria spenceri 140 67 47.9 SE, For 16572 EN 

Heleioporus australiacus 449 217 48.3 SE, CHe 79633 VU 

Austrochaperina robusta 171 85 49.7 M-NE, RF 8863 NL 

Crinia tasmaniensis 60 31 51.7 Tas, For 55923 NL 

Philoria frosti 36 19 52.8 M-SE, WL 103 EN 

Litoria verreauxii alpina 123 69 56.1 M-SE, WL NA VU 

Austrochaperina pluvialis 104 59 56.7 NE, RF 13730 NL 

Litoria genimaculata 565 322 57.0 NE, RF 40,000 NL 

Cophixalus ornatus 448 256 57.1 NE, RF 14771 NL 

15

Lechriodus fletcheri 715 410 57.3 E, RF 63120 NL 

Nyctimystes dayi 199 125 62.8 NE, RF 18866 EN 

Mixophyes fleayi 101 64 63.4 E, RF 16803 EN 

Litoria barringtonensis 84 54 64.3 E, For NA NL 

Litoria rheocola 301 196 65.1 NE, RF 15211 EN 

Mixophyes schevilli 252 166 65.9 NE, RF 19347 NL 

Litoria nannotis 177 118 66.7 NE, RF 19013 EN 

Cophixalus infacetus 75 53 70.7 NE, RF 8232 NL 

Philoria kundagungan 63 45 71.4 M-E, RF 1603 NL 

Litoria olongburensis 188 139 73.9 C-E, CSw 8340 VU 

Litoria cooloolensis 122 92 75.4 C-E, CSw 2434 NL 

Assa darlingtoni 530 431 81.3 M-E, RF 36032 NL 

Cophixalus hosmeri 75 61 81.3 M-NE, RF 348 NL 

Austrochaperina fryi 177 144 81.4 NE, RF 6396 NL 

Philoria loveridgei 238 207 87.0 M-E, RF 451 NL 

Cophixalus concinnus 118 10. 87.3 M-NE, RF 14 NL 

Cophixalus neglectus 41 36 87.8 M-NE, RF 562 NL 

Pseudophryne corroboree 94 84 89.4 M-SE, WL 1079 EN 

Cophixalus bombiens 39 38 97.4 M-NE, RF 491 NL 

Cophixalus exiguous 54 53 98.1 M-NE, RF 72 NL 

Bryobatrachus nimbus 33 33 100 M-Tas, GrL 4138 NL 

Table 11 Species of anurans with

species is 32.0%. The mean number of records per species for species with greater than 30 records 

was 873.3. Thirty-six species have >45% and 18 species 1000ha 

Adelotus brevis 1196 102 90 

Litoria dentate 1068 108 84 

Mixophyes fasciolatus 1673 112 95 

Litoria ewingii 1462 121 96 

Litoria nasuta 1626 125 91 

Pseudophryne coriacea 1835 128 98 

Litoria verreauxii 1795 134 109 

Litoria rubella 2705 144 115 

Pseudophryne bibroni 1518 144 111 

Limnodynastes ornatus 2264 148 121 

Litoria latopalmata 2319 193 156 

Limnodynastes tasmaniensis 3355 202 147 

Litoria fallax 3231 202 144 

Litoria caerulea 3631 208 155 

Limnodynastes dumerilii 2520 216 163 

Litoria peronii 2895 216 172 

Litoria lesueuri 3393 233 203 

Limnodynastes peronii 3565 248 179 

Crinia signifera 7216 377 266 

Table 12 and Table 13 provide lists of species that have been recorded in more than 100 or 

fewer than five IUCN reserves respectively and also the number of these reserves that are 

above 1000 ha in size. All of the 19 species found in more than 100 reserves have large 

numbers of site records, are from eastern Australia and are at least partly or totally coastal in 

17

ange. The majority of the reserves are also larger reserves of more than 1000 ha in size. 

These species all have relatively large percentages of site records falling in reserves. The 24 

species recorded from fewer than five reserves commonly have few overall site records and 

tend to be found in northern or western Australia. There are also a few species that have very 

small ranges and so are necessarily found in very few reserves. Pseudophryne corroboree is 

the best example in being found in only one reserve, but having nearly all of its records 

within this reserve. Notably, almost all of the reserves from which these “lesser” protected 

species have been recorded are of more than 1000 ha in size. 

Table 13 List of anuran species recorded from fewer than five PAs 

Species No. Records No. PAs No. PAs > 1000ha 

Cyclorana cryptotis 86 0 0 

Uperoleia trachyderma 43 0 0 

Cyclorana vagita 47 1 1 

Litoria longirostris 39 1 1 

Neobatrachus aquilonius 83 1 1 

Neobatrachus fulvus 41 1 1 

Pseudophryne corroboree 94 1 1 

Arenophryne rotunda 56 2 2 

Cophixalus bombiens 39 2 2 

Cophixalus crepitans 34 2 1 

Cophixalus exiguous 54 2 2 

Cyclorana maculosa 42 2 2 

Cyclorana verrucosa 66 2 2 

Philoria frosti 36 2 2 

Philoria pughi 49 2 2 

Uperoleia littlejohni 33 2 2 

Bryobatrachus nimbus 33 3 3 

Cophixalus neglectus 41 3 2 

Crinia subinsignifera 40 3 3 

Litoria eucnemis 55 3 3 

Uperoleia russelli 117 3 3 

Crinia sloanei 37 4 4 

Austrochaperina adelphe 37 4 4 

Austrochaperina gracilipes 134 4 3 

18

Mammals 

The ANHAT database has 413834 records for 290 species and subspecies of terrestrial 

mammals. Four species of freetail bat (Mormopterus sp.) are currently unnamed although 

recognised as separate species (Churchill 2008), and have thus been retained here. 

Marine mammals were not considered for analysis. Twelve species of mammals are 

considered extinct and therefore excluded from analysis. These species are presented in 

Table 14. The majority are small to mid-sized terrestrial species for which the declines have 

been well documented and appear to have resulted from the impacts of introduced species. 

The thylacine was hunted to extinction. 

Table 14 Mammal species considered extinct 

Species Common Name No. Records 

Chaeropus ecaudatus Pig-footed Bandicoot 12 

Conilurus albipes White-footed Rabbit-rat 1 

Lagorchestes asomatus Central Hare-wallaby 8 

Macropus greyi Toolache Wallaby 1 

Macrotis leucura Lesser Bilby 6 

Notomys amplus Short-tailed Hopping-mouse 12 

Notomys longicaudatus Long-tailed Hopping-mouse 11 

Onychogalea lunata Crescent Nail-tail Wallaby 16 

Perameles eremiana Desert Bandicoot 15 

Potorous platyops Broad-faced Potoroo 1 

Pseudomys gouldii Gould's Mouse 2 

Thylacinus cynocephalus Thylacine 400 

Fifteen species account for almost 50% of the total species records in ANHAT. These 

species have over 7000 records each and in the case of the Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) 

over 26000 records. 

19

Table 15 Mammal species which account for almost 50% of the total species records in 

ANHAT. 

Species No. Records % total records 

Nyctophilus geoffroyi 7326 1.77 

Chalinolobus gouldii 7474 1.81 

Vespadelus vulturnus 7564 1.83 

Petaurus australis 9696 2.34 

Petaurus breviceps 11293 2.73 

Macropus robustus 11320 2.74 

Petauroides volans 11623 2.81 

Rattus fuscipes 12606 3.05 

Pseudocheirus peregrinus 13038 3.15 

Macropus giganteus 14584 3.52 

Wallabia bicolor 16723 4.04 

Vombatus ursinus 18724 4.52 

Tachyglossus aculeatus 18767 4.53 

Trichosurus vulpecula 18899 4.57 

Phascolarctos cinereus 26479 6.40 

Total 206116 49.81 

Thirty-six species had 30 or fewer individual site records in the ANHAT database ( 

Table 16). Of those species, 14 are listed as threatened (including one species classified as 

critically endangered). There are few obvious patterns in this data, but most species come 

from northern parts of Australia and are found in rainforest, forest or woodlands and so are 

relatively dependent on denser native vegetation. These species have been excluded from 

and further analysis. 

Table 16 Mammal species with 30 or fewer individual site records in the ANHAT database. 

Species 

No. 

Records 

% in 

NRS Location Veg type 

Area 

(km 2 ) 

EPBC 

status 

Rhinolophus megaphyllus ignifer 1 100.0 E, NE RF, For, For 100 NL 

Nyctimene cephalotes 2 0.00 Moa Is RF 300 NL 

Rattus exulans 4 75.0 Is NE & NW Urb, FL, For 300 NL 

For, WL, Mul, 

Sp, GrL 400 NL 

Taphozous troughtoni 4 25.0 E, NE 

Saccolaimus saccolaimus 

nudicluniatus 5 0.0 NE WL, For 400 CE 

Pseudantechinus mimulus 7 14.3 I, CN WL 500 VU 

Pseudocheirus cinereus 7 100.0 NE RF 400 NL 

Petrogale lateralis pearsoni 8 75.0 Is CS SL, Cl 700 VU 

RH, RE, RH, 

WL 400 NL 

Petrogale coenensis 10 0.0 NE 

Sminthopsis aitkeni 10 50.0 CS, Kang. Is Mal, He 800 EN 

Petrogale lateralis hacketti 11 90.9 Is SW Mal, SL, RO 500 VU 

Sminthopsis butleri 11 0.0 CN WL 900 VU 

Petrogale sharmani 12 8.3 NE WL, WL 1000 NL 

Uromys hadrourus 12 83.3 NE RF 400 NL 

20

Cercartetus caudatus 13 61.5 NE RF 1400 NL 

Notomys aquilo 13 92.3 CN 

DF, He, For, 

RF 1300 VU 

Parantechinus apicalis 13 46.1 SW Co, Mal, He 1200 EN 

Petrogale concinna monastria 16 18.7 CN WL, Gor 1500 NL 

Sminthopsis archeri 16 50.0 NE WL 500 NL 

Taphozous kapalgensis 16 43.7 CN For, WL, Sw, 1300 NL 

Pseudocheirus herbertensis 17 47.0 NE RF 1100 NL 

Saccolaimus saccolaimus 17 23.5 CN WL, For 2000 NL 

Dasyurus maculatus gracilis 18 66.7 NE RF, For, SL, 1500 NL 

Zyzomys palatalis 19 0.0 CN 

RF, Sand, Gor, 

RH 700 EN 

Saccolaimus mixtus 20 5.0 NE For, WL, He 800 NL 

Mormopterus sp 6 23 39.1 NL 

Wyulda squamicaudata 23 13.0 NW WL, For 1600 NL 

Dendrolagus bennettianus 24 83.3 NE RF 1700 NL 

Petrogale concinna 25 36.0 NW, CN RF, WL, GrL 2200 NL 

Phalanger intercastellanus 25 44.0 NE RF 600 NL 

Pogonomys mollipilosus 25 72.0 NE RF 1400 NL 

Pseudomys fieldi 25 96.0 W, I Sp 1200 VU 

Sminthopsis longicaudata 27 29.6 W, I 

HG, WL, Sp, 

Mul 2500 NL 

Zyzomys pedunculatus 29 82.8 I 

HG, GrL, SL, 

RH 2100 EN 

Hipposideros semoni 30 36.7 NE RF, For, WL 2000 EN 

Perameles bougainville 30 76.7 SW, SEI Co DF 3500 EN 

Removal of extinct and poorly recorded species leaves 412781 records in ANHAT for 242 

species (and subspecies). The mean number of records per species for species with greater 

than 30 records was 1706, with the mean of 31.8 for the percent of records in PAs. Sixtyone 

species of mammals had 45% or greater of individual site records located within PAs 

(Table 17). Of those 61 species, 14 species are classified as threatened, including seven 

species classified as endangered. The majority of species in this list can be found in southern 

Australia. There are also a significant number of species from the Central Northern area of 

Australia. Few species predominantly from inland areas and NW are in this group. These 

species showed the most affinities for woodlands, forests and shrublands. Species dependent 

on grassland areas are less well represented. No species had all records coming from within 

PAs. 

Table 17 Mammal species with >45% of site records within the NRS. 

Species 

No 

records 

No. Records in 

PAs Location Veg type Area (km 2 ) 

EPBC 

status 

Dasyurus hallucatus 1359 617 (45.4%) N For, WL 44400 EN 

Petauroides volans 11623 5300 (45.6%) E-SE For, WL 178100 NL 

Macropus fuliginosus 3968 1811 (45.6%) CS, SW, EI Gen 234800 NL 

Pseudomys occidentalis 45 21 (46.7%) CS, SW WL, SL 2600 NL 

Sminthopsis granulipes 76 36 (47.4%) SW WL, SL 6300 NL 

Thylogale thetis 1170 555 (47.4%) E, Fraser Is RF, For 27800 NL 

Antechinus swainsonii 2583 1232 (47.7%) SE, TAS For, SL 75700 NL 

21

Antechinus subtropicus 322 154 (47.8%) E WL 6300 NL 

Hipposideros ater 256 123 (48.0%) CN, NE For, WL, GrL 15000 NL 

Antechinus minimus 381 184 (48.3%) SE, TAS For, WL, Wet 16900 NL 

Falsistrellus mackenziei 31 15 (48.4%) SW For 2600 NL 

Isoodon obesulus 2174 1052 (48.4%) N For, WL, SL 60500 NL 

Sminthopsis 

psammophila 33 16 (48.5%) CS, I WL, GrL 1500 EN 

Vespadelus troughtoni 350 171 (48.9%) E, NE WL, For, RH 20500 NL 

Thylogale stigmatica 443 219 (49.4%) NE, E RF, For 22900 NL 

Cercartetus nanus 896 443 (49.4%) SE, TAS RF, For, SL 46800 NL 

Sminthopsis hirtipes 160 80 (50.0%) SW, CS WL, SL 33800 NL 

Sminthopsis dolichura 542 271 (50.0%) I, W WL, SL 10200 NL 

Sminthopsis gilberti 101 51 (50.5%) SW WL 9800 NL 

Nyctophilus 

timoriensis 362 185 (51.1%) 

SW, CS SE, 

E, TAS For, WL 28500 VU 

Melomys cervinipes 1783 932 (52.3%) NE, E 

RF, For, Wet, 

Man 62500 NL 

Notoryctes typhlops 174 91 (52.3%) SEI GrL 9600 EN 

Rattus colletti 342 179 (52.3%) CN Wet 10800 NL 

W, NW, CN, 

NE GrL, WL, For 60300 NL 

Rattus tunneyi 1446 762 (52.7%) 

Pseudomys fumeus 242 129 (53.3%) SE For, SL 9800 EN 

Cercartetus concinnus 742 399 (53.8%) SW,CS For, SL 54900 NL 

Rhinonycteris aurantius 292 158 (54.1%) NW, CN Gen 12300 NL 

Trichosurus caninus 1638 891 (54.4%) E For 54100 NL 

Petrogale rothschildi 55 30 (54.5%) W GrL 16800 NL 

Nyctimene robinsoni 341 186 (54.5%) E, NE RF, For 3700 NL 

Petrogale penicillata 1354 743 (54.9%) SE, TAS RF, For, WL 35500 VU 

Uromys 

caudimaculatus 444 244 (54.9%) NE RF, For 14800 NL 

Pseudomys pilligaensis 114 63 (55.3%) E WL, SL 2700 VU 

Pseudomys higginsi 197 110 (55.8%) TAS RF, For 9400 NL 

Petropseudes dahlia 168 94 (55.9%) NW, CN RH 8700 NL 

Vespadelus 

douglasorum 37 21 (56.8%) CN WL 2500 NL 

Notomys mitchelli 541 308 (56.9%) SW, S WL, GrL 33100 NL 

Hemibelideus 

lemuroids 33 20 (60.6%) NE RF 1700 NL 

Sminthopsis bindi 51 31 (60.8%) CN WL 3900 NL 

Chalinolobus dwyeri 391 239 (61.1%) E WL, For, RF 23400 VU 

Pseudomys 

albocinereus 215 132 (61.4%) SW WL, SL 12500 NL 

Pseudomys 

apodemoides 471 293 (62.1%) CS WL, SL 15100 NL 

Ningaui yvonneae 482 301 (62.4%) SW,CS WL, SL, GrL 18300 NL 

Pseudomys shortridgei 335 210 (62.7%) SW, CS For, SL 7400 VU 

Lasiorhinus krefftii 46 29 (63.0%) E, SE WL 800 EN 

Cercartetus lepidus 262 170 (64.9%) SE, TAS For, WL, Wet 11700 NL 

Pseudantechinus 

bilarni 120 78 (65.0%) CN WL 6800 NL 

Pseudomys 

novaehollandiae 481 324 (67.4%) E, Tas, SE WL, For, Wet 17100 NL 

Hypsiprymnodon 

moschatus 70 48 (68.6%) S RF 5400 NL 

Burramys parvus 374 265 (70.9%) SE, TAS SL 1700 EN 

22

Phascogale tapoatafa 

pirata 35 25 (71.4%) CN For 3000 NL 

Bettongia lesueur 137 98 (71.5%) Aus WL 10100 NL 

Mastacomys fuscus 512 376 (73.4%) SE, TAS For, SL 16400 NL 

Onychogalea fraenata 69 51 (73.9%) EC,SE For, WL, SL 2800 EN 

Macropus bernardus 56 42 (75.0%) CN GrL, WL 3600 NL 

Leporillus conditor 39 31 (79.5%) CS, W SL 3700 VU 

Zyzomys maini 64 52 (81.2%) CN RF 2300 VU 

Antechinus bellus 268 232 (86.7%) CN WL 7400 NL 

Lagostrophus fasciatus 38 33 (86.8%) 

Bernier Is, 

Dorre Is SL 1400 NL 

Pseudomys calabyi 69 62 (89.9%) CN WL 2900 NL 

Antechinus godmani 32 29 (90.6%) NE RF 1900 NL 

Eight species had less than 10% of ANHAT records located within the NRS (Table 18). Five 

of the eight species are classified as threatened. These species are scattered widely across 

Australia and show no patterns in distribution. However, in terms of habitat, they are mostly 

commonly associated with grasslands, although these may be on dunes, gibber plains or in 

more mesic areas. All species had some records within the reserve system. 

Table 18 Mammal species with 1000ha 

EPBC 

status 

Cercartetus concinnus 742 100 60 NL 

Aepyprymnus rufescens 1578 104 90 NL 

Scoteanax rueppellii 761 105 87 NL 

23

Sminthopsis crassicaudata 2325 105 91 NL 

Myotis adversus 1225 109 86 NL 

Cercartetus nanus 896 111 103 NL 

Isoodon obesulus 2174 116 61 NL 

Pteropus scapulatus 1442 119 96 NL 

Scotorepens orion 1075 121 97 NL 

Scotorepens greyii 1526 125 110 NL 

Scotorepens balstoni 1201 131 118 NL 

Macropus rufus 5126 131 116 NL 

Falsistrellus tasmaniensis 1519 132 109 NL 

Phascogale tapoatafa 2201 136 102 NL 

Vespadelus pumilus 1684 137 118 NL 

Saccolaimus flaviventris 1176 138 119 NL 

Antechinus swainsonii 2583 143 116 NL 

Trichosurus caninus 1638 149 120 NL 

Antechinus agilis 5876 157 94 NL 

Sminthopsis murina 1278 158 134 NL 

Melomys cervinipes 1783 162 133 NL 

Antechinus stuartii 4280 172 139 NL 

Miniopterus australis 1919 176 136 NL 

Petaurus norfolcensis 2626 185 145 NL 

Rhinolophus megaphyllus 1761 192 172 NL 

Pteropus poliocephalus 3890 196 114 VU 

Isoodon macrourus 3405 218 161 NL 

Acrobates pygmaeus 1708 224 194 NL 

Miniopterus oceanensis 2690 234 192 NL 

Ornithorhynchus anatinus 6496 244 181 NL 

Hydromys chrysogaster 2202 247 188 NL 

Macropus robustus 11320 249 208 NL 

Dasyurus maculatus 5260 251 210 EN/VU 

Rattus lutreolus 3708 255 187 NL 

Vespadelus darlingtoni 4652 271 197 NL 

Petaurus australis 9696 274 224 NL 

Perameles nasuta 3804 276 214 NL 

Antechinus flavipes 3387 288 208 NL 

Macropus fuliginosus 3968 310 186 NL 

Vespadelus regulus 4196 313 240 NL 

Petauroides volans 11623 347 272 NL 

Nyctophilus gouldi 3961 357 283 NL 

Macropus rufogriseus 6938 382 279 NL 

Vombatus ursinus 18724 422 276 NL 

Vespadelus vulturnus 7564 428 305 NL 

Chalinolobus morio 6855 453 345 NL 

Phascolarctos cinereus 26479 463 307 NL 

Tadarida australis 6384 485 355 NL 

Rattus fuscipes 12606 518 357 NL 

Nyctophilus geoffroyi 7326 539 402 NL 

Chalinolobus gouldii 7474 566 442 NL 

Petaurus breviceps 11293 587 427 NL 

Pseudocheirus peregrinus 13038 589 358 NL 

Macropus giganteus 14584 660 431 NL 

Wallabia bicolor 16723 691 443 NL 

24

Trichosurus vulpecula 18899 830 538 NL 

Tachyglossus aculeatus 18767 859 548 NL 

There were 37 species with records in five or fewer PAs (Table 20) of which 14 are listed as 

threatened. Eight species are listed as endangered. The majority of species in this list have 

fewer than 100 individual site records. These results reflect the declines and rarity in many 

mammal species and some more recent taxonomic changes that have left smaller periods of 

time to accumulate recognised species records. 

Table 20 Mammal species recorded from five or fewer PAs. 

Species No. Records No. PAs 

EPBC 

status 

Dasycercus hillieri 31 1 EN 

Lagostrophus fasciatus 38 1 NL 

Lasiorhinus krefftii 46 1 EN 

Zyzomys maini 64 1 VU 

Petrogale mareeba 32 2 NL 

Petrogale burbidgei 33 2 NL 

Hipposideros cervinus 34 2 NL 

Phascogale tapoatafa pirata 35 2 NL 

Pseudomys johnsoni 39 2 NL 

Macropus bernardus 56 2 NL 

Sminthopsis douglasi 67 2 EN 

Pseudomys calabyi 69 2 NL 

Antechinus leo 70 2 NL 

Notomys cervinus 123 2 NL 

Dasycercus byrnei 341 2 VU 

Burramys parvus 374 2 NL 

Echymipera rufescens 31 3 NL 

Myrmecobius fasciatus 34 3 VU 

Dobsonia magna 66 3 NL 

Onychogalea fraenata 69 3 EN 

Sminthopsis psammophila 33 4 EN 

Pseudantechinus roryi 44 4 NL 

Hipposideros stenotis 55 4 NL 

Mesembriomys macrurus 56 4 VU 

Lagorchestes hirsutus 99 4 VU/EN 

Notomys fuscus 131 4 VU 

Petrogale persephone 133 4 EN 

Petaurus gracilis 228 4 EN 

Antechinus bellus 268 4 NL 

Pseudomys laborifex 38 5 NL 

Sminthopsis bindi 51 5 NL 

Pseudomys pilligaensis 114 5 NL 

Pseudantechinus bilarni 120 5 NL 

Spilocuscus maculatus 120 5 NL 

Zyzomys woodwardi 130 5 NL 

Conilurus penicillatus 156 5 VU 

Melomys capensis 252 5 NL 

25

Thirty-nine species of mammals had records in five or fewer PAs greater than 1000 hectares, 

including 13 species listed as threatened (Table 21). Again, all of these species have 

relatively few records available and so are unlikely to be represented in many reserves. 

Table 21 Mammal species recorded in five or fewer PAs greater than 1000 hectares. 

Species No. Records No. Reserves >1000ha EPBC status 

Dasycercus hillieri 31 1 EN 

Lagostrophus fasciatus 38 1 NL 

Lasiorhinus krefftii 46 1 EN 

Zyzomys maini 64 1 VU 

Petrogale mareeba 32 2 NL 

Petrogale burbidgei 33 2 NL 

Hipposideros cervinus 34 2 NL 

Phascogale tapoatafa pirata 35 2 NL 

Pseudomys johnsoni 39 2 NL 

Macropus bernardus 56 2 NL 

Sminthopsis douglasi 67 2 EN 

Pseudomys calabyi 69 2 NL 

Antechinus leo 70 2 NL 

Notomys cervinus 123 2 NL 

Dasycercus byrnei 341 2 NL 

Burramys parvus 374 2 NL 

Echymipera rufescens 31 3 NL 

Myrmecobius fasciatus 34 3 VU 

Hipposideros stenotis 55 3 NL 

Dobsonia magna 66 3 NL 

Onychogalea fraenata 69 3 EN 

Bettongia tropica 73 3 EN 

Petrogale persephone 133 3 NL 

Sminthopsis psammophila 33 4 EN 

Pseudantechinus roryi 44 4 NL 

Mesembriomys macrurus 56 4 VU 

Lagorchestes hirsutus 99 4 VU/EN 

Notomys fuscus 131 4 VU 

Petaurus gracilis 228 4 EN 

Antechinus bellus 268 4 NL 

Pseudomys laborifex 38 5 NL 

Sminthopsis bindi 51 5 NL 

Petrogale godmani 53 5 NL 

Pseudomys pilligaensis 114 5 NL 

Pseudantechinus bilarni 120 5 NL 

Spilocuscus maculatus 120 5 NL 

Zyzomys woodwardi 130 5 NL 

Conilurus penicillatus 156 5 VU 

Melomys capensis 252 5 NL 

26

Reptiles 

The ANHAT database has 328007 records for 791 species and subspecies of terrestrial 

reptiles (data for 26 marine reptiles were excluded). There are currently no recognised 

extinct terrestrial reptiles. 

Fifty-four species account for approximately 50% of the total reptile species records in 

ANHAT (Table 22). These species have over 1400 records each and in the case of the 

Bynoe's Gecko (Heteronotia binoei), over 9200 records. 

Table 22 Reptile species that account for approximately 50% of the total species records in 

ANHAT. 

Species No. Records % Records 

Heteronotia binoei 9211 2.82 

Crocodylus porosus 8754 2.68 

Lampropholis delicata 7474 2.28 

Lampropholis guichenoti 7322 2.24 

Varanus varius 6403 1.96 

Gehyra variegata 5572 1.70 

Menetia greyii 5176 1.58 

Morethia boulengeri 4627 1.41 

Ctenotus robustus 4068 1.24 

Tiliqua scincoides 3994 1.22 

Pseudechis porphyriacus 3857 1.18 

Cryptoblepharus plagiocephalus 3792 1.16 

Tiliqua rugosus 3763 1.15 

Physignathus lesueurii 3424 1.05 

Pseudonaja textilis 3399 1.04 

Morelia spilota 3397 1.04 

Cryptoblepharus virgatus 3320 1.01 

Pogona barbata 3284 1.00 

Varanus gouldii 3120 0.95 

Amphibolurus muricatus 2787 0.85 

Ctenotus taeniolatus 2773 0.85 

Lialis burtonis 2757 0.84 

Eulamprus quoyii 2710 0.83 

Carlia munda 2677 0.82 

Dendrelaphis punctulata 2466 0.75 

Rhynchoedura ornata 2156 0.66 

Ctenophorus nuchalis 2136 0.65 

Lerista muelleri 2120 0.65 

Eulamprus heatwolei 2113 0.65 

Lerista bougainvillii 2106 0.64 

Gehyra dubia 2101 0.64 

Morethia obscura 2062 0.63 

Christinus marmoratus 2047 0.63 

Cryptoblepharus carnabyi 2009 0.61 

Ctenotus schomburgkii 2007 0.61 

27

Pogona vitticeps 1970 0.60 

Diplodactylus vittatus 1880 0.57 

Carlia foliorum 1871 0.57 

Chelodina longicollis 1866 0.57 

Egernia striolata 1858 0.57 

Notechis scutatus 1848 0.56 

Demansia psammophis 1799 0.55 

Pseudonaja nuchalis 1792 0.55 

Ctenophorus isolepis 1768 0.54 

Saproscincus mustelinus 1760 0.54 

Ctenotus pantherinus 1732 0.53 

Underwoodisaurus milii 1669 0.51 

Ctenophorus pictus 1648 0.50 

Amphibolurus nobbi 1603 0.49 

Cryptophis nigrescens 1580 0.48 

Diporiphora bilineata 1554 0.48 

Amphibolurus gilberti 1548 0.47 

Ctenophorus fordi 1517 0.46 

Hemiergis decresiensis 1463 0.45 

Total 163710 50.01 

Two hundred and twelve species had 30 or fewer individual site records in the ANHAT 

database (Table 23). Of those species, 15 species are listed as threatened, including one 

species classified as critically endangered. More than half of these species are present in the 

north-east quarter of the Australian mainland and none from south-eastern Australia. The 

majority of species are present in the more open woodland, grassland and shrubland habitats 

and a number are also dependent on rocky environments, which are typical of northern and 

dryer parts of Australia. Notably, forest dependent species are relatively under-represented 

in this list, partly because reptiles do not use these habitats extensively and partly because 

these areas are well surveyed. 

Table 23 Reptile species with 30 or fewer individual site records in the ANHAT database. 

Species 

No. 

Records 



Area 

(km 2 ) 

EPBC 

Status 

Chelodina kuchlingi 1 0.0 NW Wet 100 NL 

Ctenotus lancelini 1 0.0 SW RH 100 VU 

Diplodactylus kenneallyi 1 0.0 WCI WL 100 NL 

Glaphyromorphus gracilipes 1 0.0 SW For, SL 2800 NL 

Lerista chalybura 1 100.0 WC WL 1400 NL 

Lerista praefrontalis 1 0.0 NW WL 100 NL 

Lerista talpina 1 0.0 WC SL? 100 NL 

Pseudechis papuanus 1 0.0 Torres St. Wet 100 NL 

Ramphotyphlops aspina 1 0.0 NEI WL 200 NL 

Ramphotyphlops margaretae 1 0.0 IC ? 100 NL 

Ramphotyphlops yampiensis 1 0.0 Koolan Is. WL, SL 200 NL 

Saproscincus oriarus 1 100.0 EC RF, WL 100 NL 

Brachyurophis morrisi 2 0.0 NC WL 200 NL 

28

Cryptophis incredibilis 2 0.0 

Prince of 

Wales Is. WL 100 NL 

Ctenotus ehmanni 2 0.0 NW WL 400 NL 

Diporiphora convergens 2 0.0 NW WL 200 NL 

Egernia douglasi 2 50.0 NW RH 500 NL 

Elseya purvisi 2 0.0 EC Wet 200 NL 

NE 

Eulamprus frerei 2 100.0 Montane RF, RH 100 NL 

Lepidodactylus pumilus 2 50.0 Torres St. For 1000 NL 

Lerista bunglebungle 2 100.0 NWI RH 100 NL 

Lerista quadrivincula 2 0.0 WC SL 100 NL 

Lerista speciosa 2 0.0 CI GrL 200 NL 

Lucasium alboguttatum 2 0.0 WC-SW GrL? 7400 NL 

Magnetic 

Is. ? 300 NL 

Menetia sadlieri 2 100.0 

Ramphotyphlops nema 2 0.0 NC Gen 200 NL 

Ramphotyphlops robertsi 2 100.0 NE For 100 NL 

Ramphotyphlops splendidus 2 100.0 WC SL 100 NL 

Ctenotus aphrodite 3 0.0 NEI SL, GrL 400 NL 

Ctenotus schevilli 3 0.0 NWI GrL 800 NL 

Ctenotus serotinus 3 66.7 CI DF 300 NL 

Ctenotus stuarti 3 100.0 NC WL 300 NL 

Diplodactylus fulleri 3 0.0 WCI SL 100 NL 

Lerista haroldi 3 0.0 WC WL 500 NL 

Lerista robusta 3 0.0 NWI GrL 300 NL 

Lerista viduata 3 0.0 SW WL 300 NL 

Ramphotyphlops howi 3 0.0 NW Gen 200 NL 

Ramphotyphlops minimus 3 33.3 NC ? 800 NL 

Aprasia rostrata 4 100.0 WC WL, SL 1100 VU 

Eulamprus tryoni 4 100.0 EC RF 100 NL 

Lerista axillaris 4 50.0 WC WL 200 NL 

Lerista puncticauda 4 50.0 SWI SL 300 NL 

Lerista separanda 4 0.0 NW SL 300 NL 

Simoselaps minimus 4 0.0 NW SL 300 NL 

Strophurus robinsoni 4 25.0 NC GrL 400 NL 

Varanus prasinus 4 0.0 Torres St. RF, For 600 NL 

Cryptagama aurita 5 20.0 NCI RH 500 NL 

Ctenotus zastictus 5 0.0 WC GrL 300 VU 

Lucasium squarrosum 5 60.0 WC-WCI SL 10200 NL 

Morelia carinata 5 100.0 NW For 400 NL 

Oedura filicipoda 5 20.0 NW RH 500 NL 

Ramphotyphlops kimberleyensis 5 60.0 NW SL 800 NL 

Ctenotus yampiensis 6 0.0 NW ? 300 NL 

Lerista ingrami 6 0.0 NE For 200 NL 

Menetia koshlandae 6 33.3 NE RH 400 NL 

Strophurus wilsoni 6 16.7 WCI SL 600 NL 

Calyptotis thorntonensis 7 85.7 NE RF, For 200 NL 

Ctenotus angusticeps 7 85.7 NW SL, GrL 300 VU 

Lerista eupoda 7 0.0 WCI WL 500 NL 

Lerista simillima 7 0.0 NWI SL 500 NL 

29

Lerista yuna 7 14.3 WC SL 500 NL 

Phyllurus championae 7 0.0 NE RH 300 NL 

Ramphotyphlops troglodytes 7 0.0 NW 

Undergroun 

d 600 NL 

Suta ordensis 7 0.0 NC WL 600 NL 

Techmarscincus jigurru 7 100.0 NE, Mon RH 100 NL 

Aprasia haroldi 8 0.0 WC SL 500 NL 

Carlia parrhasius 8 0.0 NE RH 200 NL 

Ctenophorus yinnietharra 8 0.0 WCI RH 400 VU 

Ctenotus youngsoni 8 0.0 WC SL 1000 NL 

Delma mitella 8 75.0 NE RF, For 500 VU 

Elseya georgesi 8 50.0 EC Wet 500 NL 

Elseya irwini 8 0.0 NE Wet 600 NL 

Lerista ameles 8 25.0 NE RH 400 NL 

Lerista apoda 8 50.0 NW WL 700 NL 

Lerista arenicola 8 87.5 SC WL 1000 NL 

Lerista elongata 8 0.0 SCI SL 1200 NL 

Lerista kalumburu 8 50.0 NW WL 400 NL 

Lerista stictopleura 8 12.5 WCI SL 600 NL 

Niveoscincus orocryptus 8 87.5 Tas WL, RH 700 NL 

Paroplocephalus atriceps 8 37.5 SWI WL, SL 800 NL 

Tympanocryptis uniformis 8 0.0 NC WL 1200 NL 

Ctenotus agrestis 9 11.1 NWI GrL 700 NL 

Ctenotus monticola 9 11.1 NE WL 600 NL 

Ctenotus terrareginae 9 66.7 NE RH 600 NL 

Lerista storri 9 22.2 NE WL 700 NL 

Lerista walkeri 9 55.6 NW WL? 1000 NL 

Morelia oenpelliensis 9 77.8 NC RH 800 NL 

Ramphotyphlops 

chamodracaena 9 11.1 NE WL 900 NL 

Ctenotus zebrilla 10 0.0 NW WL, GrL 800 NL 

Egernia pilbarensis 10 20.0 WC RH 1100 NL 

Elseya lavarackorum 10 10.0 NC Wet 800 EN 

Emoia atrocostata 10 20.0 NE Man, RH 900 NL 

Gehyra baliola 10 30.0 Torres St. WL, Man 1100 NL 

Varanus kingorum 10 10.0 NC RH 900 NL 

Carlia rococo 11 63.6 NE RH 800 NL 

Ctenotus pallescens 11 0.0 NC WL, GrL 1100 NL 

Gehyra keep river 11 0.0 WC RH 800 NL 

Lerista vittata 11 9.1 NE SL 500 VU 

Phyllurus isis 11 63.6 NE RF 200 NL 

Pogona microlepidota 11 54.5 NW WL, RH 1200 NL 

Ramphotyphlops broomi 11 9.1 NE WL 2000 NL 

Ramphotyphlops ganei 11 9.1 WCI WL 700 NL 

Ramphotyphlops yirrikalae 11 63.6 NC WL 900 NL 

Ctenotus astictus 12 0.0 NC WL, SL 800 NL 

Ctenotus colletti 12 41.7 NW SL 1200 NL 

Ctenotus mastigura 12 41.7 NW WL, GrL 2400 NL 

Ctenotus nigrilineatus 12 66.7 NW GrL 400 NL 

Ctenotus quinkan 12 8.3 NE RH 600 NL 

30

Egernia obiri 12 66.7 NC RH 900 NL 

Lerista humphriesi 12 25.0 WC SL 900 NL 

Pseudothecadactylus cavaticus 12 58.3 NW RH 900 NL 

Strophurus mcmillani 12 25.0 NW GrL 1300 NL 

Vermicella snelli 12 16.7 NW For, WL 1400 NL 

Chelodina novaeguineae 13 7.7 NC Wet 2900 NL 

Delma labialis 13 23.1 NE For 1300 VU 

Emydura subglobosa 13 23.1 N Wet 1200 NL 

Lampropholis elongata 13 38.5 EC, Mon WL 200 NL 

Lerista allochira 13 61.5 WC RH 800 NL 

Lerista flammicauda 13 38.5 WCI GrL 1600 NL 

Pseudemoia baudini 13 53.8 SC SL 1700 NL 

Carlia scirtetis 14 42.9 NE RH 200 NL 

Elapognathus minor 14 71.4 SW For, GrL 2300 NL 

Ephalophis greyae 14 0.0 2200 NL 

Eulamprus luteilateralis 14 57.1 NE, Mon RF 900 NL 

Lerista carpentariae 14 14.3 NC WL 1300 NL 

Lerista colliveri 14 28.6 NE WL, RH 1200 NL 

Orraya occultus 14 0.0 NE RF 500 NL 

Ramphotyphlops pilbarensis 14 42.9 NC SL 1300 NL 

Aprasia smithi 15 13.3 WC WL, SL 1200 NL 

Egernia montana 15 53.3 SE For, RH NL 

Furina barnardi 15 26.7 NE WL, RH 2300 NL 

Lampropholis colossus 15 80.0 EC RF 300 NL 

Nactus galgajuga 15 86.7 NE RH 200 NL 

Nephrurus deleani 15 0.00 SCI GrL? 1600 NL 

Notoscincus butleri 15 0.0 NW GrL 1200 NL 

Ophidiocephalus taeniatus 15 6.7 SCI WL 1100 VU 

Carlia aeratus 16 37.5 NE WL, GrL 5000 NL 

Cyclodomorphus branchialis 16 31.2 WC SL 11300 NL 

Elseya belli 16 12.5 EC Wet 900 VU 

Lampropholis mirabilis 16 62.5 NE RF-RH 1000 NL 

Lerista aericeps 16 68.7 CI GrL 6000 NL 

Vermicella vermiformis 16 31.2 NC-NCI WL 900 NL 

Lerista kennedyensis 17 88.2 WCI WL, GrL 500 NL 

Lerista tridactyla 17 5.9 SWI WL 1500 NL 

Nangura spinosa 17 47.1 EC For 700 CE 

Ctenophorus mckenziei 18 55.6 SC WL 1000 NL 

Emydura australis 18 33.3 NW Wet 2800 NL 

Eugongylus rufescens 18 27.8 NE For 1900 NL 

Lerista onsloviana 18 33.3 WC SL 1600 NL 

Lucasium wombeyi 18 27.8 WCI ? 2600 NL 

Strophurus rankini 18 5.6 WC SL 1900 NL 

Varanus keithhornei 18 55.6 NE RF 1000 NL 

Acrochordus granulatus 19 5.3 N Wet 3000 NL 

Cryptoblepharus fuhni 19 100.0 NE RH 400 NL 

Lerista vermicularis 19 5.3 NWI GrL? 1500 NL 

Lerista wilkinsi 19 21.0 NEI WL? 800 NL 

Morelia viridis 19 73.7 NE RF 600 NL 

Anomalopus gowi 20 20.0 NW WL 2000 NL 

31

Ctenotus rubicundus 20 40.0 WC GrL 1900 NL 

Saproscincus spectabilis 20 65.0 SE RF 1800 NL 

Varanus pilbarensis 20 15.0 NCI RH 1800 NL 

Aprasia fusca 21 4.8 WC SL 1100 NL 

Diporiphora superba 21 42.9 NE SL 2900 NL 

Glaphyromorphus brongersmai 21 19.0 NW WL 900 NL 

Glaphyromorphus mjobergi 21 57.1 NE RF 2200 NL 

Lerista cinerea 21 0.0 NE WL, RH 1200 NL 

Oedura obscura 21 23.8 NW RH 3000 NL 

Antairoserpens warro 22 9.1 NE For, WL 13500 NL 

Carlia tanneri 22 9.1 NE RF 1200 NL 

Ctenotus burbidgei 22 27.3 NW RH 2100 NL 

Diporiphora reginae 22 0.0 SWI GrL 1400 NL 

Egernia guthega 22 86.4 SE, Mon WL, GrL NL 

Pseudemydura umbrina 22 59.1 SW Wet 400 CE 

Ctenotus gagudju 23 82.6 NC WL 1100 NL 

Ctenotus striaticeps 23 17.4 NC GrL 2200 NL 

Delma elegans 23 26.1 WCI GrL 2100 NL 

WL, RF, 

RH 3700 NL 

Glaphyromorphus pumilus 23 13.0 NE 

Anomalopus mackayi 24 4.2 CEI WL, GrL 1800 VU 

Ctenotus alleni 24 50.0 WC WL 1400 NL 

Ctenotus nullum 24 33.3 NE RH 1400 NL 

Demansia simplex 24 33.3 NC WL 1900 NL 

Diporiphora valens 24 20.8 WCI WL, SL 1700 NL 

Egernia hosmeri 24 4.2 NE-NEI RH 3300 NL 

Furina dunmalli 24 29.2 NC For, WL 2500 VU 

Ramphotyphlops leptosoma 24 20.8 WC WL 2000 NL 

Vermicella intermedia 24 8.3 NW-NC For, WL 1900 NL 

Ctenophorus maculosus 25 80.0 SCI SaL 2500 NL 

Ctenotus arnhemensis 25 76.0 NC For, WL 1500 NL 

Ctenotus astarte 25 12.0 NWI SL 2700 NL 

Diplodactylus mitchelli 25 16.0 WC RH 1300 NL 

Menetia concinna 25 80.0 NC WL 1300 NL 

Myron richardsonii 25 28.0 NC Man 2200 NL 

Phyllurus ossa 25 24.0 NE RF 1200 NL 

Ramphotyphlops pinguis 25 8.0 SW For, WL 4400 NL 

Saproscincus lewisi 25 84.0 NE RF 900 NL 

Strophurus michaelseni 25 48.0 WC WL, GrL 1900 NL 

Diplodactylus klugei 26 19.2 WC SL 2000 NL 

Niveoscincus greeni 26 88.5 Tas, Mon Wet 1400 NL 

Vermicella multifasciata 26 15.4 NC WL 3400 NL 

Ctenotus maryani 27 25.9 WC GrL 1700 NL 

Emoia longicauda 27 44.4 NE RF 2600 NL 

Lerista christinae 27 48.1 SW WL 1000 NL 

Lerista taeniata 27 33.3 CI GrL 2500 NL 

Pseudechis butleri 27 7.4 WCI WL, SL 3100 NL 

Ctenophorus tjantjalka 28 10.7 SCI RH 2400 NL 

Phyllurus caudiannulatus 28 46.4 EC RF 500 NL 

Lerista stylis 29 100.0 NC WL 1200 NL 

32

Ramphotyphlops silvia 29 79.3 EC RF, WL 1400 NL 

Tympanocryptis houstoni 29 79.3 SW-SC SL 3200 NL 

Varanus primordius 29 31.0 NC WL, RH 1900 NL 

Ctenotus rutilans 30 6.7 WC GrL 2100 NL 

Rhinoplocephalus bicolor 30 56.7 SW SL 4100 NL 

Removal of poorly recorded species leaves 325282 records in ANHAT for 579species (and 

subspecies). The mean number of records per species for species with greater than 30 records 

was 561.8, with the mean of 32.4 for the percent of records in the NRS. 

One hundred and twenty three species of reptiles had 45% or greater of individual site 

records located within PAs (Table 24). Of those 123 species, three species are listed as 

threatened, including one species listed as endangered. Many species in this group of species 

are from north-western and northern Australia, but there are also many species present in 

south-eastern Australia and north-eastern Australia. Compared to the species with few 

records, a number of species in this highly reserved group occupy rainforest and forest 

habitats. Woodlands are still the most prevalent habitats used and rocky environments 

remain of some importance in regards to the types of species present in the table, reflecting 

the relatively strong use that reptiles make of rocks. No reptile species has all of its records 

from within reserves, but Coggeria naufragus from Fraser Island has over 98% of its records 

within the reserve system. 

Table 24 Reptile species with >45% of site records within PAs. 

Species 

No. 

Records 

Records 

in NRS 


NRS Location 

Veg 

type 

Area 

(km 2 ) 

EPBC 

status 

Eulamprus tenuis 870 392 45.1 E Gen 51500 NL 

Ctenotus regius 1450 654 45.1 SCI-SEI WL, SL 85100 NL 

Pseudemoia 

entrecasteauxii 1362 615 45.1 SE Gen 70500 NL 

Ctenotus ariadnae 108 49 45.4 I GrL 6300 NL 

Carlia laevis 46 21 45.6 NE RF 4200 NL 

Morethia storri 542 248 45.8 NW, NC WL, SL 22300 NL 

Glaphyromorphus 

darwiniensis 403 185 45.9 NC For, WL 14500 NL 

Drysdalia coronoides 880 404 45.9 SW, Tas 

WL, 

GrL 54500 NL 

WL, SL, 

Lerista punctatovittata 917 422 46.0 SEI 

GrL 57000 NL 

For, 

WL, RH 36300 NL 

Oedura tryoni 673 311 46.2 EC 

Ctenotus labillardieri 293 136 46.4 SW For, RH 17900 NL 

Diplodactylus 

granariensis 810 376 46.4 SW-SC WL 45000 NL 

Lerista bougainvillii 2106 982 46.6 SE, Tas For, WL 84200 NL 

Lerista microtis 107 50 46.7 SW-SC For, WL 7900 NL 

Rankinia adelaidensis 318 149 46.9 WC-SC SL 17900 NL 

Varanus mitchelli 142 67 47.2 NC Wet 10600 NL 

Ctenophorus cristatus 516 244 47.3 SW-SC WL 40600 NL 

33

Hoplocephalus 

stephensii 269 128 47.6 SE RF, For 19100 NL 

Saiphos equalis 1187 565 47.6 EC 

RF, For, 

WL 53200 NL 

Acritoscincus 

platynotum 136 65 47.8 SE, Mon 

WL, 

GrL 40000 NL 

Phyllurus nepthys 46 22 47.8 NE RF 1100 NL 

Egernia saxatilis 301 144 47.8 SE WL, RH 26100 NL 

Calyptotis scutirostrum 1135 543 47.8 EC RF, For 30500 NL 

Notechis scutatus ater 359 172 47.9 SC Gen 36800 VU 

Ctenotus taeniolatus 2773 1329 47.9 E WL, RH 127700 NL 

Lampropholis amicula 347 167 48.1 EC For, SL 20400 NL 

Ctenotus essingtonii 966 465 48.1 NC-NE 

For, 

WL, SL 28900 NL 


isolepis 735 354 48.2 N 

Wet, 

GrL 43100 NL 

Strophurus intermedius 732 354 48.4 WCI-SEI WL, SL 40100 NL 

Strophurus assimilis 93 45 48.4 SWI, SC SL 6900 NL 

Lerista dorsalis 358 175 48.9 SC WL, SL 32500 NL 

Pseudemoia cryodroma 90 44 48.9 

SE, 

Montane 

WL, 

GrL 2700 NL 

Cyrtodactylus 

louisiadensis 49 24 49.0 NE RF, RH 3200 NL 

Lampropholis couperi 98 48 4.90 EC RF 4800 NL 

WL, SL, 

Brachyurophis australis 424 208 49.1 E 

GrL 34400 NL 

RF, For, 

WL 26100 NL 

Egernia frerei 512 252 49.2 NE-EC 

Ramphotyphlops 

bituberculatus 617 307 49.8 S Gen 52400 NL 

Anomalopus brevicollis 62 31 50.0 EC For, WL 3900 NL 

Eroticoscincus 

graciloides 106 53 50.0 EC RF, For 5600 NL 

Pygopus lepidopodus 776 392 50.5 S, NE 

For, 

WL, SL 70300 NL 

Proablepharus reginae 114 58 50.9 WI-CI GrL 7800 NL 

Varanus glebopalma 124 64 51.6 NC RH 10600 NL 

Hoplocephalus 

bungaroides 91 47 51.6 SE 

WL, 

RH 7000 VU 

Egernia inornata 866 448 51.7 SI SL, GrL NL 

Saproscincus rosei 140 73 52.1 EC RF 13100 NL 

Saltuarius salebrosus 63 33 52.4 NE RF, RH 4400 NL 

Ctenophorus decresii 232 124 53.4 SC RH 14000 NL 

Delma butleri 447 239 53.5 W-SEI GrL 31500 NL 

Lerista edwardsae 166 89 53.6 SC WL 17100 NL 

Parasuta nigriceps 435 236 54.2 SW, SC RH 32000 NL 

Anomalopus pluto 35 19 54.3 NE For 1200 NL 

Amphibolurus nobbi 1603 880 54.9 E For, WL 82100 NL 

Chelosania brunnea 49 27 55.1 NC WL 4600 NL 

Morethia obscura 2062 1138 55.2 SW-SEI WL, SL 102900 NL 

Phyllurus platurus 548 305 55.7 SE RH 20100 NL 

Carlia amax 1427 795 55.7 NC RH 50200 NL 

34

Cryptoblepharus 

litoralis 127 71 55.9 NC-NE RH 13900 NL 

Carlia gracilis 967 545 56.4 NW For 30000 NL 

Ctenotus catenifer 69 39 56.5 SW SL 5600 NL 

Egernia pulchra 44 25 56.8 SW For, WL NL 

Delma australis 813 462 56.8 SW-SEI SL-GrL 51200 NL 

Eulamprus tigrinus 35 20 57.1 NE RF, SL 3100 NL 

Ctenotus arcanus 143 82 57.3 EC For, WL 6500 NL 

Menetia alanae 179 103 57.5 NC For, WL 7100 NL 

Varanus baritji 50 29 58.0 NC RH 4100 NL 

Egernia mcpheei 158 92 58.2 EC For, RH 12100 NL 

Lerista varia 36 21 58.3 WC SL 2200 NL 

Egernia richardi 96 56 58.3 SW-SC WL, RH 9300 NL 

Rankinia diemensis 982 575 58.5 SE, Tas For, WL 37100 NL 

Lerista karlschmidti 92 54 58.7 NC, NE WL, SL 5100 NL 

Ramphotyphlops tovelli 39 23 59.0 NC WL 2200 NL 

Drysdalia rhodogaster 61 36 59.0 SE For, WL 5000 NL 

Hypsilurus spinipes 313 185 59.1 EC RF, For 12800 NL 

Ctenotus atlas 486 289 59.5 SI WL 29000 NL 

Ctenophorus pictus 1648 984 59.7 SI-CI SL, GrL 98300 NL 

Carlia rubrigularis 328 196 59.8 NE RF 13900 NL 

Saltuarius swaini 254 153 60.2 EC RF 13200 NL 

RF, For, 

WL 9500 NL 

Ophioscincus truncatus 257 155 60.3 EC 

Egernia whitii 1389 844 60.8 SE, Tas For, WL NL 

Saproscincus basiliscus 189 116 61.4 NE RF 11500 NL 

Lampropholis coggeri 161 99 61.5 NE RF 9500 NL 

Ctenotus orientalis 530 326 61.5 S WL, SL 28000 NL 

Coeranoscincus 

frontalis 39 24 61.5 NE RF 2900 NL 

Gnypetoscincus 

queenslandiae 222 137 61.7 NE RF 8300 NL 

Hypsilurus boydii 89 55 61.8 NE RF 5700 NL 

For, 

WL, RH 36000 NL 

Oedura lesueurii 936 594 63.5 SE 

Lampropholis caligula 37 24 64.9 SE GrL 1600 NL 

Saltuarius cornutus 142 93 65.5 NE RF 8400 NL 

Ctenotus vertebralis 206 136 66.0 NC WL 7900 NL 

Egernia multiscutata 228 151 66.2 SW, SC Wl, SL NL 

WL, 

Ctenotus storri 106 71 67.0 NC GrL 4400 NL 

Gehyra pamela 67 45 67.2 NC RH 4100 NL 

Ctenophorus fordi 1517 1019 67.2 SI 

WL, 

GrL 54100 NL 

Calyptotis 

lepidorostrum 191 129 67.5 EC RF, For 8000 NL 

WL, 

Diporiphora linga 35 24 68.6 SC GrL 3300 NL 

Aprasia inaurita 271 189 69.7 SC WL 14700 NL 

WL, 

Drysdalia mastersii 162 113 69.7 SC GrL 10100 NL 

Carettochelys insculpta 40 28 70.0 NC Wet 2500 NL 

35

Amphibolurus norrisi 317 222 70.0 S WL 14300 NL 

Eulamprus murrayi 552 387 70.1 EC For, WL 19600 NL 

Cyclodomorphus 

praealtus 73 52 71.2 SE, Mon 

WL, 

GrL 1100 EN 

Saproscincus 

tetradactylus 60 44 73.3 NE RF 4500 NL 

Ctenotus brachyonyx 473 347 73.4 SEI WL, SL 15900 NL 

Saproscincus 

challengeri 482 355 73.6 EC For 15200 NL 

Pseudothecadactylus 

lindneri 43 32 74.4 NC RH 3000 NL 

Anomalopus swansoni 60 45 75.0 SE For, WL 4200 NL 

Lampropholis robertsi 45 34 75.6 NE, Mon RF 2000 NL 

Nephrurus stellatus 117 89 76.1 SWI-SC SL, GrL 9600 NL 

Harrisoniascincus zia 58 45 77.6 EC, Mon RF 3200 NL 

Saproscincus czechurai 95 74 77.9 NE RF 4800 NL 

Coeranoscincus 

reticulatus 132 103 78.0 EC RF, For 5100 NL 


fuscicaudis 74 60 81.1 NE RF 4900 NL 

Ctenotus coggeri 91 74 81.3 NC RH 4300 NL 

Aprasia aurita 73 60 82.2 SEI 

WL, 

GrL 900 NL 

Saltuarius wyberba 42 35 83.3 EC RH 600 NL 

Ophioscincus 

cooloolensis 63 53 84.1 EC RF, WL 2200 NL 

Carphodactylus laevis 66 56 84.8 NE RF 3600 NL 

Eulamprus kosciuskoi 268 233 86.9 SE, Mon Wet 10600 NL 

Oedura gemmata 58 53 91.4 NC RH 2200 NL 

Ctenotus xenopleura 35 32 91.4 SWI GrL 1200 NL 

Niveoscincus 

microlepidotus 35 32 91.4 Tas, Mon SL 2500 NL 

Ctenotus kurnbudj 34 33 97.1 NC WL 700 NL 

Coggeria naufragus 55 54 98.2 Fraser Is. For, SL 900 NL 

Forty-six reptile species had less than 10% of ANHAT records located within the NRS. Four 

of the 46 species are classified as threatened, including two endangered species. Notably, 

seven species have no records within an IUCN classified PA, indicating they are poorly 

protected from land-use changes. These species come from northern and western Australia, 

but are scattered relatively widely. There are few evident geographic trends in regards to the 

location of all of the identified poorly reserved species. None of the species in the table 

come from south-eastern Australia or Tasmania, but there are several from most other areas. 

In regards to habitat preferences, few species use rainforest or forest, indicative of the 

relatively high levels or reservation of these habitats. The open woodlands, grasslands and 

shrublands are again the typical habitats of these poorly reserved species, with rock being of 

some importance. 

36

Table 25 Reptile species with

Neelaps calonotus 52 4 7.7 SW 

WL, 

SL 3500 NL 

Hemiergis quadrilineatum 212 17 8.0 SW WL 6100 NL 

Gehyra minuta 37 3 8.1 NC RH 2700 NL 

Ctenotus olympicus 235 20 8.5 SCI SL 18300 NL 

Hoplocephalus bitorquatus 290 25 8.6 NE-EC 

For, 

WL 36300 NL 

Cacophis harriettae 436 39 8.9 EC For 23900 NL 

Carlia rimula 32 3 9.4 NE RH 1600 NL 

Lerista gascoynensis 32 3 9.4 WC SL 1700 NL 

Tympanocryptis intima 234 22 9.4 CI RH 26100 NL 

Delma grayii 53 5 9.4 SW WL 5500 NL 

Aspidites ramsayi 185 18 9.7 I 

WL, 

SL 20900 NL 

Cryptophis boschmai 202 20 9.9 NE 

For, 

WL 15500 NL 

Pseudonaja ingrami 40 4 10.0 NCI GrL 4600 NL 

Diporiphora pindan 60 6 10.0 NW WL 5100 NL 

Lerista uniduo 310 31 10.0 WC SL 12500 NL 

A total of 60 reptile species had records in more than 100 separate PAs. Fifty-five species in 

this list had over 1000 records, with an average of 2613 records per species. No species are 

listed as threatened. 

Table 26 Reptile species recorded at more than 100 PAs. 

Species 

No. Records No. Reserves 

No. reserves 

>1000ha 

EPBC 

status 

Pseudonaja nuchalis 1792 100 90 NL 

Hemiaspis signata 620 100 80 NL 

Delma australis 813 100 86 NL 

Rhynchoedura ornata 2156 100 96 NL 

Carlia vivax 1009 101 79 NL 

Pogona vitticeps 1970 102 93 NL 

Diplodactylus granariensis 810 102 76 NL 

Pseudemoia entrecasteauxii 1362 105 80 NL 

Eulamprus heatwolei 2113 111 95 NL 

Varanus tristis 1147 114 99 NL 

Pseudechis australis 1460 114 104 NL 

Eulamprus tenuis 870 121 98 NL 

Saiphos equalis 1187 122 91 NL 

Pogona minor 1341 127 103 NL 

Ctenotus schomburgkii 2007 132 114 NL 

Boiga irregularis 1278 137 108 NL 

38

Acritoscincus duperreyi 1327 138 75 NL 

Saproscincus mustelinus 1760 139 106 NL 

Cryptoblepharus carnabyi 2009 143 113 NL 

Gehyra dubia 2101 144 13 NL 

Amphibolurus nobbi 1603 147 128 NL 

Lerista muelleri 2120 149 129 NL 

Hemiergis peronii 1019 149 90 NL 

Egernia striolata 1858 149 118 NL 

Hemiergis decresiensis 1463 150 72 NL 

Pygopus lepidopodus 776 150 124 NL 

Carlia foliorum 1871 153 120 NL 

Chelodina longicollis 1866 155 103 NL 

Egernia whitii 1389 163 111 NL 

Diplodactylus vittatus 1880 168 137 NL 

Notechis scutatus 1848 175 127 NL 

Underwoodisaurus milii 1669 181 153 NL 

Dendrelaphis punctulata 2466 185 148 NL 

Morelia spilota 3397 209 161 NL 

Cryptoblepharus plagiocephalus 3792 210 171 NL 

Demansia psammophis 1799 210 173 NL 

Lerista bougainvillii 2106 210 120 NL 

Cryptophis nigrescens 1580 212 167 NL 

Ctenotus taeniolatus 2773 213 167 NL 

Eulamprus quoyii 2710 214 167 NL 

Morethia obscura 2062 225 156 NL 

Pogona barbata 3284 235 156 NL 

Tiliqua scincoides 3994 236 163 NL 

Christinus marmoratus 2047 236 141 NL 

Physignathus lesueuri 3424 247 185 NL 

Cryptoblepharus virgatus 3320 250 185 NL 

Varanus gouldii 3120 254 211 NL 

Amphibolurus muricatus 2787 259 185 NL 

Morethia boulengeri 4627 276 199 NL 

Gehyra variegate 5572 279 233 NL 

Lialis burtonis 2757 281 250 NL 

Pseudonaja textilis 3399 285 198 NL 

Tiliqua rugosus 3763 303 194 NL 

Pseudechis porphyriacus 3857 318 242 NL 

Ctenotus robustus 4068 325 233 NL 

Heteronotia binoei 9211 369 322 NL 

Menetia greyii 5176 372 267 NL 

Lampropholis guichenoti 7322 425 244 NL 

Lampropholis delicata 7474 426 297 NL 

Varanus varius 6403 458 328 NL 

A total of 113 species had records in five or fewer PAs (Table 27), covering a very diverse 

set of taxa. Four species are listed as threatened, including three species classified as 

endangered. The majority of species in this list have fewer than 100 individual site records 

and only one has more than 250 site records. The pygmy blue-tongue (Tiliqua adelaidensis) 

39

had over 1000 records, but is a well studied species currently with a very restricted 

distribution. 

Table 27 Reptile species recorded from five or fewer PAs. 

Species No. Records No. reserves EPBC status 

Lerista zietzi 31 1 NL 

Pygopus steelescotti 31 1 NL 

Tympanocryptis centralis 31 1 NL 

Carlia rimula 32 1 NL 

Ramphotyphlops affinis 34 1 NL 

Ctenotus militaris 35 1 NL 

Ctenotus tanamiensis 38 1 NL 

Gehyra borroloola 38 1 NL 

Carettochelys insculpta 40 1 NL 

Ctenotus rosarium 40 1 NL 

Rheodytes leukops 41 1 VU 

Pseudothecadactylus lindneri 43 1 NL 

Brachyurophis approximans 44 5 NL 

Ctenophorus gibba 45 1 NL 

Pogona henrylawsoni 45 1 NL 

Phyllurus nepthys 46 1 NL 

Carlia coensis 52 1 NL 

Coggeria naufragus 55 1 NL 

Eulamprus leuraensis 90 1 EN 

Tiliqua adelaidensis 1087 1 EN 

Egernia slateri 32 2 NL 

Ctenotus kurnbudj 34 2 NL 

Anomalopus pluto 35 2 NL 

Varanus semiremex 36 2 NL 

Gehyra minuta 37 2 NL 

Lerista ips 37 2 NL 

Ctenophorus rufescens 42 2 NL 

Saltuarius wyberba 42 2 NL 

Lerista lineata 43 2 NL 

Oedura gemmata 58 2 NL 

Diporiphora pindan 60 2 NL 

Ophioscincus cooloolensis 63 2 NL 

Tympanocryptis pinguicolla 64 2 EN 

Gehyra pamela 67 2 NL 

Aprasia aurita 73 2 NL 

Cyclodomorphus praealtus 73 2 NL 

Ctenotus coggeri 91 2 NL 

Ctenotus rimacola 96 2 NL 

Varanus spenceri 98 2 NL 

Pseudonaja guttata 204 2 NL 

Carlia zuma 32 3 NL 

Lerista gascoynensis 32 3 NL 

Diplodactylus savagei 38 3 NL 

40

Christinus alexanderi 39 3 NL 

Lerista zonulata 40 3 NL 

Ctenotus capricorni 41 3 NL 

Lerista baynesi 41 3 NL 

Gehyra xenopus 42 3 NL 

Lerista emmotti 43 3 NL 

Pogona nullarbor 44 3 NL 

Lerista greeri 46 3 NL 

Calyptotis temporalis 52 3 NL 

Neelaps calonotus 52 3 NL 

Fordonia leucobalia 74 3 NL 

Oxyuranus microlepidotus 78 3 NL 

Delma haroldi 83 3 NL 

Strophurus wellingtonae 86 3 NL 

Ctenotus nasutus 87 3 NL 

Lerista karlschmidti 92 3 NL 

Ctenotus storri 106 3 NL 

Denisonia maculata 106 3 NL 

Ctenotus joanae 200 3 NL 

Ctenotus vertebralis 206 3 NL 

Lepidodactylus lugubris 32 4 NL 

Oedura gracilis 34 4 NL 

Ctenotus xenopleura 35 4 NL 

Diporiphora linga 35 4 NL 

Lerista varia 36 4 NL 

Lampropholis caligula 37 4 NL 

Ramphotyphlops tovelli 39 4 NL 

Demansia calodera 40 4 NL 

Pseudonaja ingrami 40 4 NL 

Ctenotus rufescens 42 4 NL 

Rankinia parviceps 43 4 NL 

Ctenotus delli 46 4 NL 

Lerista borealis 50 4 NL 

Varanus baritji 50 4 NL 

Chelodina steindachneri 52 4 NL 

Cerberus rhynchops 55 4 NL 

Eulamprus amplus 57 4 NL 

Varanus indicus 58 4 NL 

Carlia dogare 59 4 NL 

Ctenotus eutaenius 59 4 NL 

Egernia kintorei 65 4 NL 

Ramphotyphlops guentheri 65 4 NL 

Lerista kendricki 69 4 NL 

Ctenotus septenarius 70 4 NL 

Delma pax 94 4 NL 

Pseudothecadactylus australis 98 4 NL 

Ctenophorus rubens 119 4 NL 

Ctenophorus vadnappa 132 4 NL 

Cyclodomorphus venustus 42 5 NL 

Gehyra occidentalis 42 5 NL 

41

Lerista petersoni 42 5 NL 

Glaphyromorphus cracens 45 5 NL 

Caimanops amphiboluroides 46 5 NL 

Cyrtodactylus louisiadensis 49 5 NL 

Delma grayii 53 5 NL 

Ctenotus tantillus 54 5 NL 

Anomalopus swansoni 60 5 NL 

Ramphotyphlops centralis 61 5 NL 

Ctenotus serventyi 65 5 NL 

Saproscincus hannahae 67 5 NL 

Ctenotus iapetus 70 5 NL 

Lerista picturata 70 5 NL 

Strophurus jeanae 75 5 NL 

Neelaps bimaculatus 76 5 NL 

Ramphotyphlops ammodytes 76 5 NL 

Pseudemoia cryodroma 90 5 NL 

Ctenotus greeri 95 5 NL 

Ctenotus pulchellus 101 5 NL 

Acanthophis pyrrhus 117 5 NL 

Menetia alanae 179 5 NL 

One hundred and nineteen species of reptiles had records in five or fewer PAs greater than 

1000 hectares, including three species listed as vulnerable. 

Table 28 Reptile species recorded in five or fewer PAs greater than 1000 hectares. 


Lerista zietzi 31 1 NL 

Pygopus steelescotti 31 1 NL 

Tympanocryptis centralis 31 1 NL 

Lepidodactylus lugubris 32 1 NL 

Carlia rimula 32 1 NL 

Ctenotus militaris 35 1 NL 

Ctenotus tanamiensis 38 1 NL 

Ctenotus rosarium 40 1 NL 

Carettochelys insculpta 40 1 NL 

Pseudothecadactylus lindneri 43 1 NL 

Pogona henrylawsoni 45 1 NL 

Ctenophorus gibba 45 1 NL 

Phyllurus nepthys 46 1 NL 

Carlia coensis 52 1 NL 

Coggeria naufragus 55 1 NL 

Eulamprus leuraensis 90 1 NL 

Gehyra catenata 398 1 NL 

Egernia slateri 32 2 NL 

Carlia zuma 32 2 NL 

Ctenotus kurnbudj 34 2 NL 

Anomalopus pluto 35 2 NL 

42

Varanus semiremex 36 2 NL 

Gehyra minuta 37 2 NL 

Lerista ips 37 2 NL 

Gehyra borroloola 38 2 NL 

Ctenophorus rufescens 42 2 NL 

Saltuarius wyberba 42 2 NL 

Neelaps calonotus 52 2 NL 

Oedura gemmata 58 2 NL 

Diporiphora pindan 60 2 NL 

Ophioscincus cooloolensis 63 2 NL 

Gehyra pamela 67 2 NL 

Aprasia aurita 73 2 NL 

Cyclodomorphus praealtus 73 2 NL 

Fordonia leucobalia 74 2 NL 

Ctenotus coggeri 91 2 NL 

Ctenotus rimacola 96 2 NL 

Varanus spenceri 98 2 NL 

Pseudonaja guttata 204 2 NL 

Hemiergis quadrilineatum 212 2 NL 

Lerista gascoynensis 32 3 NL 

Lerista varia 36 3 NL 

Diplodactylus savagei 38 3 NL 

Christinus alexanderi 39 3 NL 

Pseudonaja ingrami 40 3 NL 

Demansia calodera 40 3 NL 

Lerista zonulata 40 3 NL 

Ctenotus capricorni 41 3 NL 

Lerista baynesi 41 3 NL 

Gehyra xenopus 42 3 NL 

Lerista emmotti 43 3 NL 

Pogona nullarbor 44 3 NL 

Lerista greeri 46 3 NL 

Cyrtodactylus louisiadensis 49 3 NL 

Lerista borealis 50 3 NL 

Calyptotis temporalis 52 3 NL 

Carlia dogare 59 3 NL 

Oxyuranus microlepidotus 78 3 NL 

Delma haroldi 83 3 NL 

Strophurus wellingtonae 86 3 NL 

Ctenotus nasutus 87 3 NL 

Lerista karlschmidti 92 3 NL 

Denisonia maculata 106 3 NL 

Ctenotus storri 106 3 NL 

Aprasia parapulchella 172 3 VU 

Ctenotus joanae 200 3 NL 

Ctenotus vertebralis 206 3 NL 

Furina diadema 582 3 NL 

Delma impar 603 3 VU 

Furina ornata 689 3 NL 

Oedura gracilis 34 4 NL 

43

Diporiphora linga 35 4 NL 

Ctenotus xenopleura 35 4 NL 

Aprasia pseudopulchella 36 4 VU 

Lampropholis caligula 37 4 NL 

Ramphotyphlops tovelli 39 4 NL 

Ctenotus rufescens 42 4 NL 

Rankinia parviceps 43 4 NL 

Ctenotus delli 46 4 NL 

Varanus baritji 50 4 NL 

Chelodina steindachneri 52 4 NL 

Cerberus rhynchops 55 4 NL 

Eulamprus amplus 57 4 NL 

Varanus indicus 58 4 NL 

Ctenotus eutaenius 59 4 NL 

Anomalopus swansoni 60 4 NL 

Pletholax gracilis 61 4 NL 

Ramphotyphlops guentheri 65 4 NL 

Egernia kintorei 65 4 NL 

Ctenotus serventyi 65 4 NL 

Lerista kendricki 69 4 NL 

Ctenotus septenarius 70 4 NL 

Delma pax 94 4 NL 

Pseudothecadactylus australis 98 4 NL 

Ctenophorus rubens 119 4 NL 

Ctenophorus vadnappa 132 4 NL 

Cacophis churchilli 38 5 NL 

Lerista petersoni 42 5 NL 

Gehyra occidentalis 42 5 NL 

Cyclodomorphus venustus 42 5 NL 

Brachyurophis approximans 44 5 NL 

Glaphyromorphus cracens 45 5 NL 

Caimanops amphiboluroides 46 5 NL 

Delma grayii 53 5 NL 

Ctenotus tantillus 54 5 NL 

Ramphotyphlops centralis 61 5 NL 

Saproscincus hannahae 67 5 NL 

Lerista gerrardii 70 5 NL 

Ctenotus iapetus 70 5 NL 

Lerista picturata 70 5 NL 

Strophurus jeanae 75 5 NL 

Neelaps bimaculatus 76 5 NL 

Ramphotyphlops ammodytes 76 5 NL 

Pseudemoia cryodroma 90 5 NL 

Ctenotus greeri 95 5 NL 

Ctenotus pulchellus 101 5 NL 

Acanthophis pyrrhus 117 5 NL 

Delma molleri 144 5 NL 

Menetia alanae 179 5 NL 

44

Non-passerine (marine birds removed) 

Birds in general represent the major number of vertebrate records available in the ANHAT 

database. This is because of their high visibility and easy detection. The ANHAT database 

has 3803290 records for 287 species and subspecies of non-passerines. Two species of nonpasserines 

are considered extinct and therefore excluded from analysis. These species are 

presented in Table 29. 

Table 29 Non-passerine species considered extinct 

Species 

Common name 

No. of 

records 

Dromaius ater King Island Emu 1 

Psephotus pulcherrimus Paradise Parrot 28 

Thirty two species account for approximately 50% of the total species records in ANHAT. 

These species have over 30,000 records each, and, in the case of the Laughing Kookaburra 

(Dacelo novaeguineae), over 113250 records. 

Table 30 Non-passerine species that account for approximately 50% of the total species 

records in ANHAT. 


Cacomantis flabelliformis 34854 0.96 

Phalacrocorax sulcirostris 37557 1.04 

Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae 37603 1.04 

Tachybaptus novaehollandiae 38191 1.06 

Phaps chalcoptera 38544 1.07 

Fulica atra 38767 1.07 

Barnardius zonarius 38788 1.07 

Psephotus haematonotus 40490 1.12 

Todiramphus sanctus 41945 1.16 

Microcarbo melanoleucos 42616 1.18 

Pelecanus conspicillatus 43932 1.21 

Threskiornis spinicollis 45616 1.26 

Falco berigora 45939 1.27 

Haliastur sphenurus 47770 1.32 

Aquila audax 49738 1.37 

Platycercus eximius 50640 1.40 

Merops ornatus 52162 1.44 

Geopelia striata 52576 1.45 

Cygnus atratus 53652 1.48 

Threskiornis molucca 53725 1.48 

Anas gracilis 56834 1.57 

Trichoglossus haematodus 58506 1.62 

Chenonetta jubata 61759 1.71 

Falco cenchroides 62294 1.72 

45

Cacatua galerita 68724 1.90 

Platycercus elegans 69114 1.91 

Ocyphaps lophotes 87394 2.41 

Vanellus miles 87430 2.42 

Egretta novaehollandiae 88916 2.46 

Anas superciliosa 94270 2.60 

Eolophus roseicapillus 97176 2.69 

Dacelo novaeguineae 113256 3.13 

Total 1830778 50.59 

Only three species of birds are represented by 30 or fewer individual record sites in the 

ANHAT database. None are listed as threatened. 

Table 31 Non-passerine species with 30 or fewer individual site records in the ANHAT 

database. 

Species No. Records % in Pas Location Veg type Area (km 2 ) 

EPBC 

status 

Leucocarbo atriceps 4 0 400 NL 

Collocalia esculenta 18 61.1 UnV 1600 NL 

Charadrius hiaticula 26 7.7 UnV 2100 NL 



than 30 records was 14316, with the mean of 22.6 for the percent of records in PAs. 

Only 12 species of non-passerines had 45% or greater of individual site records located 

within the NRS. Of those 12 species, two species are classified as threatened, including one 

species classified as critically endangered. The small number of species prevents a 

consideration of trends in this category, but it is noted that this is a very small number of 

species having “high” reservation compared to the other vertebrates. No species has all or 

even a very high percentage of its records within reserves. 

Table 32 Non-passerine species with >45% of site records within PAs. 

Species 

No. 

Records No. in NRS Location Veg type 

EPBC 

Area (km 2 ) status 

Ninox rufa 422 200 (47.4%) N For 16100 NL 

Neophema chrysogaster 845 404 (47.8% SE 

For, He, 

SM, GrL 20000 CE 

Casuarius casuarius 443 216 (48.7%) NE RF 16100 EN 

Tyto multipunctata 168 84 (50.0%) NE For 5300 NL 

Cacomantis castaneiventris 193 109 (56.5%) NE RF 6300 NL 

Geophaps smithii 1986 1165 (58.7%) NE WL, Op 24900 NL 

Geoffroyus geoffroyi 201 127 (63.2%) NE RF 3400 NL 

46

Podargus ocellatus 696 456 (65.5%) NE, E RF 7400 NL 

Eclectus roratus 237 178 (75.1%) NE RF 3700 NL 

Pezoporus wallicus 2115 1607 (76.0%) 

Co, E, 

SE, Tas Wet, He, 32900 NL 

Petrophassa rufipennis 479 370 (77.2%) NC 

Sand, RE, 

RG 9500 NL 

Ptilinopus cinctus 283 223 (78.8%) NC 

WL, RE, 

For 7800 NL 

Thirteen species had less than 10% of ANHAT records located within the NRS. Four of the 

13 species are classified as threatened, including one endangered species. Again, the small 

number of species in this category provides little scope for identifying trends, but it is clear 

that a relatively large number of species in this group use woodlands, which is a group that 

has recently been viewed as of considerable concern for their long-term survival. All species 

have records from within the reserve system. 

Table 33 Non-passerine species with

A total of 171 non-passerine species had records in more than 100 separate PAs. All species 

in this list had over a thousand records, with an average of 20256 records per species, 

reflecting the high visibility of common birds to the public in general. Only two species 

were listed as threatened. 

Table 34 Non-passerine species recorded at more than 100 PAs. 

Species 

No. 

Records No. Reserves 

No. reserves 

>1000ha 

EPBC 

status 

Phalacrocorax fuscescens 2272 100 74 NL 

Porzana tabuensis 1312 101 62 NL 

Irediparra gallinacean 5303 101 73 NL 

Platycercus icterotis 4494 102 66 NL 

Purpureicephalus spurius 5190 105 65 NL 

Chrysococcyx minutillus 1849 106 78 NL 

Ptilinopus superbus 1536 109 80 NL 

Esacus neglectus 2091 109 64 NL 

Polytelis anthopeplus 3167 109 85 NL 

Stictonetta naevosa 2383 112 57 NL 

Porzana fluminea 2277 117 77 NL 

Ducula bicolour 3897 117 76 NL 

Anseranas semipalmate 11401 119 77 NL 

Botaurus poiciloptilus 1668 126 82 NL 

Megapodius reinwardt 3507 127 83 NL 

Ixobrychus flavicollis 1839 128 98 NL 

Hamirostra melanosternon 2938 128 115 NL 

Cladorhynchus leucocephalus 2490 130 61 NL 

Charadrius bicinctus 2890 132 80 NL 

Neophema pulchella 3445 133 104 NL 

Dendrocygna eytoni 6056 137 98 NL 

Cacatua leadbeateri 6776 139 124 NL 

Neophema elegans 3089 141 88 NL 

Thinornis rubricollis 3855 146 110 NL 

Ardea striata 4084 146 88 NL 

Pluvialis fulva 3512 148 87 NL 

Oxyura australis 5520 160 77 NL 

Platycercus caledonicus 7501 160 98 NL 

Leipoa ocellate 2687 163 130 VU 

Falco subniger 4139 166 131 NL 

Egretta sacra 3663 168 111 NL 

Cacatua tenuirostris 8712 168 78 NL 

Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus 10854 173 129 NL 

Dacelo leachii 13756 173 141 NL 

Northiella haematogaster 10487 174 122 NL 

Plegadis falcinellus 7172 175 114 NL 

Bubulcus ibis 11861 175 123 NL 

Turnix velox 4587 178 157 NL 

Haliastur indus 8666 192 109 NL 

Recurvirostra novaehollandiae 5995 193 106 NL 

48

Lathamus discolour 5187 195 125 EN 

Neophema chrysostoma 4175 197 128 NL 

Gallirallus philippensis 4670 198 134 NL 

Tyto tenebricosa 3786 201 171 NL 

Ptilinopus magnificus 5175 201 144 NL 

Ardeotis australis 8158 201 184 NL 

Columba leucomela 6349 206 149 NL 

Podiceps cristatus 6448 209 110 NL 

Lophoictinia isura 2903 210 181 NL 

Apus pacificus 2526 212 169 NL 

Ptilinopus regina 4026 219 146 NL 

Erythrogonys cinctus 7560 220 142 NL 

Eurostopodus argus 3742 227 204 NL 

Aprosmictus erythropterus 15470 230 192 NL 

Gallinula ventralis 7543 234 152 NL 

Lopholaimus antarcticus 5012 235 177 NL 

Chrysococcyx osculans 3178 240 212 NL 

Geopelia cuneata 12213 246 214 NL 

Grus rubicundus 12274 252 156 NL 

Tyto novaehollandiae 2569 253 217 NL 

Burhinus grallarius 8747 260 204 NL 

Todiramphus pyrrhopygia 11376 261 230 NL 

Ninox connivens 4161 262 218 NL 

Aviceda subcristata 6047 268 190 NL 

Psephotus varius 12073 269 203 NL 

Malacorhynchus membranaceus 11491 272 147 NL 

Ardea intermedia 12122 273 186 NL 

Callocephalon fimbriatum 12624 278 193 NL 

Circus assimilis 7962 279 232 NL 

Pandion haliaetus 8840 280 183 NL 

Chalcophaps indica 5847 288 196 NL 

Vanellus tricolour 10770 289 235 NL 

Eurostopodus mystacalis 3686 291 237 NL 

Todiramphus macleayii 13809 295 193 NL 

Alectura lathami 8836 307 218 NL 

Melopsittacus undulates 17134 311 258 NL 

Coturnix pectoralis 7949 317 235 NL 

Egretta garzetta 12485 319 210 NL 

Trichoglossus chlorolepidotus 19198 319 190 NL 

Accipiter novaehollandiae 5846 323 238 NL 

Anas rhynchotis 13282 326 141 NL 

Tyto alba 7270 332 269 NL 

Glossopsitta porphyrocephala 8706 334 195 NL 

Macropygia amboinensis 12428 340 232 NL 

Cacatua sanguinea 19910 341 247 NL 

Calyptorhynchus lathami 10543 343 261 NL 

Milvus migrans 26762 343 272 NL 

Calyptorhynchus banksii 18223 349 259 NL 

Leucosarcia melanoleuca 10192 356 282 NL 

Phaps elegans 5446 362 255 NL 

49

Ninox strenua 6941 364 271 NL 

Scythrops novaehollandiae 9917 369 269 NL 

Alcedo azurea 11785 377 282 NL 

Glossopsitta concinna 13868 377 213 NL 

Eudynamys scolopacea 14945 378 262 NL 

Biziura lobata 15103 381 199 NL 

Turnix varia 4888 384 280 NL 

Nymphicus hollandicus 21854 390 298 NL 

Glossopsitta pusilla 10630 406 288 NL 

Charadrius ruficapillus 14287 407 258 NL 

Centropus phasianinus 19662 409 271 NL 

Cacomantis variolosus 10168 410 306 NL 

Himantopus himantopus 22448 420 236 NL 

Anhinga melanogaster 21751 427 309 NL 

Platalea regia 20911 428 231 NL 

Nycticorax caledonicus 13108 429 304 NL 

Aythya australis 23103 430 242 NL 

Gallinula tenebrosa 30388 450 254 NL 

Anas castanea 24435 465 235 NL 

Phalacrocorax varius 19211 505 321 NL 

Platalea flavipes 23539 505 285 NL 

Poliocephalus poliocephalus 23541 509 279 NL 

Coturnix ypsilophora 9902 511 393 NL 

Falco longipennis 13851 512 370 NL 

Hirundapus caudacutus 11126 513 371 NL 

Geopelia humeralis 32636 520 327 NL 

Alisterus scapularis 24696 522 375 NL 

Eurystomus orientalis 21571 529 350 NL 

Porphyrio porphyrio 32811 533 281 NL 

Circus approximans 15938 534 292 NL 

Ardea alba 32915 541 356 NL 

Platycercus adscitus 29221 542 337 NL 

Psephotus haematonotus 40490 542 265 NL 

Hieraaetus morphnoides 14013 551 392 NL 

Elseyornis melanops 27902 581 387 NL 

Elanus axillaris 28580 585 391 NL 

Dromaius novaehollandiae 23420 590 489 NL 

Tadorna tadornoides 30193 591 260 NL 

Haliaeetus leucogaster 19983 601 369 NL 

Accipiter cirrhocephalus 10644 606 483 NL 

Fulica atra 38767 607 324 NL 

Platycercus eximius 50640 608 318 NL 

Falco peregrinus 12198 632 451 NL 

Pelecanus conspicillatus 43932 687 388 NL 

Phalacrocorax carbo 31476 688 422 NL 

Threskiornis molucca 53725 692 351 NL 

Calyptorhynchus funereus 26142 693 434 NL 

Ardea pacifica 34101 696 462 NL 

Tachybaptus novaehollandiae 38191 698 434 NL 

Microcarbo melanoleucos 42616 705 486 NL 

50

Phalacrocorax sulcirostris 37557 707 433 NL 

Threskiornis spinicollis 45616 734 411 NL 

Geopelia striata 52576 751 488 NL 

Cuculus pallidus 24002 774 552 NL 

Cygnus atratus 53652 777 395 NL 

Trichoglossus haematodus 58506 778 445 NL 

Chrysococcyx lucidus 17410 797 543 NL 

Barnardius zonarius 38788 806 555 NL 

Haliastur sphenurus 47770 816 504 NL 

Anas gracilis 56834 870 501 NL 

Aegotheles cristatus 18372 885 674 NL 

Chrysococcyx basalis 22074 898 630 NL 

Podargus strigoides 24159 919 680 NL 

Chenonetta jubata 61759 963 566 NL 

Accipiter fasciatus 25873 978 681 NL 

Ocyphaps lophotes 87394 978 583 NL 

Cacatua galerita 68724 999 584 NL 

Merops ornatus 52162 1000 652 NL 

Todiramphus sanctus 41945 1029 653 NL 

Falco berigora 45939 1043 727 NL 

Cacomantis flabelliformis 34854 1046 692 NL 

Falco cenchroides 62294 1078 738 NL 

Platycercus elegans 69114 1114 611 NL 

Phaps chalcoptera 38544 1116 732 NL 

Ninox novaeseelandiae 33747 1126 830 NL 

Eolophus roseicapillus 97176 1151 701 NL 

Vanellus miles 87430 1178 646 NL 

Anas superciliosa 94270 1249 682 NL 

Egretta novaehollandiae 88916 1293 744 NL 

Aquila audax 49738 1373 946 NL 

Dacelo novaeguineae 113256 1468 796 NL 

A total of seven species had records in five or fewer PAs (Table 35). One species is listed as 

endangered. Three species in this list had fewer than 100 individual site records, and no 

species had more than 500 site records. 

Table 35 Non-passerine species recorded from five or fewer PAs. 

Species No. Records No. reserves EPBC Status 

Ardenna bulleri 49 3 NL 

Petrophassa rufipennis 479 3 NL 

Turnix olivii 39 4 NL 

Psephotus chrysopterygius 176 4 EN 

Ptilinopus cinctus 283 4 NL 

Charadrius dubius 64 5 NL 

Geoffroyus geoffroyi 201 5 NL 

51

Table 36 lists the seven species of non-passerines that have records in five or fewer PAs 

greater than 1000 hectares and directly reflects the results of Table 35. 

Table 36 Non-passerine species recorded in five or fewer PAs greater than 1000 hectares. 


Ardenna bulleri 49 1 NL 

Petrophassa rufipennis 479 2 NL 

Turnix olivii 39 3 NL 

Charadrius dubius 64 4 NL 

Psephotus chrysopterygius 176 4 EN 

Ptilinopus cinctus 283 4 NL 

Geoffroyus geoffroyi 201 5 NL 

52

Passerines 

Passerines, or the song or perching birds, are the most widely recognised and encountered 

group of vertebrates in Australia. The ANHAT database has 4970696 records for 321 

species and subspecies of passerines. There are no extinct passerine species. Twenty-one 

passerine species account for almost 50% of the total species records in ANHAT (Table 37). 

These species have over 66000 records each, with the highly visible and widely distributed 

Australian Magpie (Gymnorhina tibicen) being the mostly highly recorded species with 

177667 record sites. 

Table 37 Passerine species that account for almost 50% of the total species records in 

ANHAT. 


Strepera graculina 66000 1.74 

Pachycephala pectoralis 66015 1.74 

Acanthiza chrysorrhoa 66058 1.74 

Lichenostomus penicillatus 67781 1.78 

Acanthiza pusilla 70214 1.85 

Sericornis frontalis 70430 1.85 

Cracticus torquatus 71059 1.87 

Manorina melanocephala 71091 1.87 

Anthochaera carunculata 77365 2.03 

Rhipidura fuliginosa 85792 2.26 

Pachycephala rufiventris 88957 2.34 

Corvus coronoides 89050 2.34 

Zosterops lateralis 89787 2.36 

Pardalotus striatus 94612 2.49 

Malurus cyaneus 103747 2.73 

Hirundo neoxena 107997 2.84 

Coracina novaehollandiae 112681 2.96 

Colluricincla harmonica 120510 3.17 

Grallina cyanoleuca 142056 3.74 

Rhipidura leucophrys 156110 4.10 

Gymnorhina tibicen 177667 4.67 

Total 1994979 52.47 

Ten passerine species are represented by 30 or fewer record sites in the ANHAT database. 

None of these species are listed as threatened. The limited number of species does not allow 

trends to be identified in this group. However, several vagrants are present in the group and 

so are expected to be rarely recorded. 

53

Table 38 Passerine species with 30 or fewer site records in the ANHAT database. 

Species 

No. 

Records % in NRS Location Veg type Area (km 2 ) 

EPBC 

status 

Anthus cervinus 1 0.0 UR 100 NL 

Pitta moluccensis 1 0.0 UR 400 NL 

Zosterops natalis 2 0.0 Is RF 300 NL 

Aplonis cantoroides 3 0.0 UnV 100 NL 

Falcunculus leucogaster 3 0.0 W WL, Mal 100 NL 

Gerygone igata 5 0.0 NZ 200 NL 

Arses lorealis 12 75.0 NE RF 700 NL 

Amytornis ballarae 20 0.0 I Sp, RH 1200 NL 

Acrocephalus orientalis 24 16.7 UR WL 1200 NL 

Cecropis daurica 28 3.6 UnV 1700 NL 

Removal of poorly recorded species leaves 4970597 records in ANHAT for 311 species (and 

subspecies). The mean number of records per species for species with greater than 30 records 

was 15983, with the mean of 28.9 for the percent of records in PAs. 

Forty-seven species of passerines had 45% or greater of their individual record sites located 

within PAs. Five of these species are classified as threatened, including three species 

classified as endangered. Rainforest-dwelling species are well represented in group in line 

with the high reservation rates of this vegetation type. The species in this table generally 

come from eastern Australia and southern Australia. Very few species come from the 

western half of Australia. 

Table 39 Passerine species with 45% or more of their record sites in PAs. 

Species 

No. 

Records 

No. Records 

in PAs 


PAs 

Location Veg type 

Area 

(km 2 ) 

EPBC 

status 

Sand, LS, 

RG 30800 NL 

Origma solitaria 2058 928 45.1 SE 

Lichenostomus cratitius 2248 1015 45.1 S Mal, WL 76100 NL 

Pycnoptilus floccosus 2810 1274 45.3 SE WF 57100 NL 

Sericornis citreogularis 4845 2290 47.3 E WF 70800 NL 

Arses telescophthalmus 304 144 47.4 NE RF 5600 NL 

Lichenostomus ornatus 11325 5396 47.6 S Mal, WL 241600 NL 

Arses kaupi 663 317 47.8 NE RF 14700 NL 

Pitta erythrogaster 89 43 48.3 NE For 2700 NL 

Pachycephala inornata 3050 1477 48.4 S WL, Mal 92400 NL 

Drymodes brunneopygia 2979 1465 49.2 S Mal 102400 NL 

Dasyornis longirostris 81 40 49.4 SW He, CSw 3500 VU 

Ptiloris victoriae 1287 655 50.9 NE RF 15200 NL 

Machaerirhynchus flaviventer 1110 570 51.3 NE RF 20500 NL 

Amytornis housei 83 43 51.8 NW SP 3700 NL 

Monarcha frater 107 56 52.3 NE RF 3800 NL 

Pitta iris 783 412 52.6 N For 22500 NL 

Stipiturus malachurus 6268 3300 52.6 

SE, 

SW, 

TAS He, Wet 104500 NL 

54

Zosterops citrinellus 66 35 53.0 NE WL, For 5700 NL 

Amytornis purnelli 853 458 53.7 I GrL 23900 NL 

Colluricincla woodwardi 808 439 54.3 N Sand, Cl 29500 NL 

Lichenostomus frenatus 1032 567 54.9 NE RF 12500 NL 

Dasyornis brachypterus 1389 774 55.7 SE He, CSw 9500 EN 

Calamanthus cautus 2321 1298 55.9 S Mal 82300 NL 

Poecilodryas albispecularis 1362 770 56.5 NE RF 11900 NL 

Scenopoeetes dentirostris 627 356 56.8 NE HRF 10100 NL 

Acanthiza katherina 567 325 57.3 NE RF 9000 NL 

Ptiloris paradiseus 1797 1036 57.6 E RF 31100 NL 

Colluricincla boweri 744 430 57.8 NE RF 10800 NL 

Cinclosoma castanotus 2339 1373 58.7 S Mal, Mu 92300 NL 

Amytornis striatus 1121 666 59.4 NC GrL, Mal 41700 NL 

Tregellasia leucops 255 153 60.0 NE RF 3500 NL 

Psophodes nigrogularis 418 252 60.3 

SW, 

SC 

Mal, He, 

Th 16700 VU/EN 

Menura alberti 1751 1064 60.8 E RF 10300 NL 

Drymodes superciliaris 176 107 60.8 NE For 4000 NL 

Atrichornis clamosus 126 77 61.1 SW CV 3300 VU 

Orthonyx spaldingii 807 498 61.7 NE RF 14100 NL 

Microeca griseoceps 125 78 62.4 NE RF 3200 NL 

Sericornis keri 344 216 62.8 NE HRF 5900 NL 

Prionodura newtoniana 338 219 64.8 NE HRF 7200 NL 

Meliphaga albilineata 491 340 69.2 NW Gor 13200 NL 

Erythrura trichroa 140 99 70.7 NE RF 2600 NL 

Pachycephala rufogularis 422 300 71.1 SE Mal 17700 NL 

Oreoscopus gutturalis 524 374 71.4 NE RF 8500 NL 

Timeliopsis fallax 103 79 76.7 NE RF 2400 NL 

Stipiturus mallee 142 111 78.2 SE Mal 4900 EN 

Amytornis woodwardi 101 82 81.2 N Sp 3400 NL 

Atrichornis rufescens 756 640 84.7 SE For 9700 NL 

Thirteen species had less than 10% of ANHAT records located within the NRS. One of the 

13 species is classified as endangered. The species in this table are scattered across 

Australia. There is also no obvious habitat type that dominates the preference of this group. 

Table 40 Passerine species with

Neochmia modesta 2069 146 (7.1%) E WL 106000 NL 

Amytornis textilis 260 20 (7.7%) SC, W SB, GrL 26100 NL 

Erythrura gouldiae 1911 152 (7.9%) N WL, GrL 46200 EN 

Mirafra javanica 7123 615 (8.6%) E, N GrL 332800 NL 

Acrocephalus australis 17878 1601 (9.0%) MW WL 365000 NL 

Coracina maxima 4177 386 (9.2%) I WL 246800 NL 

Manorina melanocephala 71091 6919 (9.7%) E, Tas WL 752100 NL 

A total of 167 passerine species had records in more than 100 separate PAs. All species had 

over a thousand records, with an average of 28471 records per species. None of these species 

are listed as threatened. 

Table 41 Passerine species recorded at more than 100 PAs. 


No. Pas 

>1000ha 

EPBC 

status 

Epthianura aurifrons 3892 102 96 NL 

Orthonyx temminckii 2794 106 87 NL 

Nectarinia jugularis 4470 107 65 NL 

Cinclosoma castanotus 2339 108 93 NL 

Chlamydera maculata 4597 109 97 NL 

Acanthiza ewingii 3692 111 83 NL 

Acanthorhynchus superciliosus 5327 112 76 NL 

Certhionyx variegatus 2458 114 103 NL 

Eopsaltria griseogularis 2387 115 91 NL 

Strepera fuliginosa 4410 116 85 NL 

Monarcha leucotis 1755 117 81 NL 

Symposiachrus trivirgatus 2321 120 89 NL 

Pardalotus rubricatus 5574 123 111 NL 

Sericulus chrysocephalus 3697 124 88 NL 

Coracina maxima 4177 127 114 NL 

Lichenostomus plumulus 3839 128 113 NL 

Calamanthus fuliginosus 3480 136 112 NL 

Lichenostomus cratitius 2248 137 99 NL 

Pachycephala inornata 3050 137 103 NL 

Calamanthus pyrrhopygius 1945 142 115 NL 

Lichenostomus flavicollis 7136 144 90 NL 

Pyrrholaemus brunneus 2644 145 128 NL 

Calamanthus cautus 2321 149 113 NL 

Megalurus timoriensis 4263 150 100 NL 

Lonchura castaneothorax 5902 158 110 NL 

Myzomela obscura 7691 158 109 NL 

Petroica rodinogaster 3011 158 116 NL 

Tregellasia capito 3783 159 118 NL 

Stagonopleura bella 3114 165 117 NL 

56

Mirafra javanica 7123 174 139 NL 

Drymodes brunneopygia 2979 181 126 NL 

Manorina melanophrys 11083 185 129 NL 

Pyrrholaemus sagittatus 7744 187 128 NL 

Sericornis citreogularis 4845 187 151 NL 

Artamus minor 6516 195 176 NL 

Epthianura tricolor 8001 195 176 NL 

Struthidea cinerea 17379 199 164 NL 

Malurus leucopterus 13273 201 176 NL 

Cheramoeca leucosternus 7598 210 182 NL 

Pitta versicolor 3832 212 149 NL 

Corvus bennetti 9673 214 196 NL 

Climacteris erythrops 4475 216 181 NL 

Ailuroedus crassirostris 6806 219 169 NL 

Stipiturus malachurus 6268 220 160 NL 

Pachycephala olivacea 5637 225 171 NL 

Alauda arvensis 10374 230 122 NL 

Phylidonyris nigra 10037 237 165 NL 

Stagonopleura guttata 10098 245 154 NL 

Corvus tasmanicus 8739 253 161 NL 

Megalurus gramineus 9149 255 158 NL 

Lichenostomus ornatus 11325 270 179 NL 

Phylidonyris albifrons 8666 273 207 NL 

Colluricincla megarhyncha 10131 274 180 NL 

Lichenostomus melanops 16790 276 196 NL 

Menura novaehollandiae 13145 280 226 NL 

Plectorhyncha lanceolata 14696 287 212 NL 

Sericornis magnirostris 8915 290 215 NL 

Gliciphila melanops 5501 292 221 NL 

Melithreptus gularis 8149 292 198 NL 

Petroica boodang 5804 296 191 NL 

Cinclosoma punctatum 4684 309 258 NL 

Lichenostomus fuscus 13863 312 208 NL 

Lalage leucomela 11625 314 206 NL 

Cincloramphus cruralis 12356 322 247 NL 

Acrocephalus australis 17878 324 213 NL 

Aphelocephala leucopsis 16467 325 242 NL 

Malurus splendens 14365 333 233 NL 

Melithreptus albogularis 20650 333 229 NL 

Taeniopygia guttata 34652 333 271 NL 

Gerygone mouki 11248 346 242 NL 

Zoothera lunulata 6687 346 251 NL 

Malurus melanocephalus 22418 355 241 NL 

Sphecotheres vieilloti 20955 361 220 NL 

Cisticola exilis 17984 369 219 NL 

Ptilonorhynchus violaceus 17587 371 282 NL 

Artamus personatus 9312 372 302 NL 

Entomyzon cyanotis 25552 372 279 NL 

Monarcha melanopsis 9483 372 260 NL 

Phylidonyris pyrrhoptera 15614 372 234 NL 

57

Petroica rosea 9205 373 269 NL 

Artamus leucorynchus 16247 381 267 NL 

Myiagra cyanoleuca 6391 382 258 NL 

Oreoica gutturalis 20700 385 313 NL 

Acanthiza uropygialis 17656 389 278 NL 

Artamus cinereus 31963 401 331 NL 

Gerygone fusca 15446 408 267 NL 

Petroica phoenicea 15616 410 275 NL 

Pomatostomus temporalis 27370 410 324 NL 

Dicrurus bracteatus 20583 411 251 NL 

Myzomela sanguinolenta 16210 414 274 NL 

Taeniopygia bichenovii 27131 418 302 NL 

Artamus superciliosus 12171 445 318 NL 

Philemon citreogularis 26454 455 329 NL 

Cincloramphus mathewsi 17992 456 329 NL 

Coracina tenuirostris 9681 461 334 NL 

Coracina papuensis 18133 466 342 NL 

Epthianura albifrons 17004 471 312 NL 

Melanodryas cucullata 16563 477 354 NL 

Manorina flavigula 37931 488 393 NL 

Petroica multicolor 19160 507 319 NL 

Anthochaera chrysoptera 27735 508 298 NL 

Petrochelidon ariel 24851 527 384 NL 

Psophodes olivaceus 35974 532 345 NL 

Falcunculus frontatus 17332 546 360 NL 

Gerygone olivacea 19396 547 361 NL 

Meliphaga lewinii 39646 556 356 NL 

Acanthiza apicalis 18109 557 392 NL 

Rhipidura rufifrons 17975 562 372 NL 

Pomatostomus superciliosus 24648 564 356 NL 

Corvus orru 48538 569 384 NL 

Petroica goodenovii 27390 588 404 NL 

Corvus mellori 29370 601 298 NL 

Acanthiza nana 27086 614 381 NL 

Acanthagenys rufogularis 38173 615 427 NL 

Lalage tricolor 23695 629 468 NL 

Acanthiza reguloides 20202 630 399 NL 

Rhipidura albiscapa 20508 661 425 NL 

Myiagra rubecula 20549 682 462 NL 

Corcorax melanorhamphos 33685 694 414 NL 

Lichmera indistincta 48244 701 459 NL 

Climacteris picumnus 30135 704 450 NL 

Lichenostomus virescens 45158 712 454 NL 

Philemon corniculatus 39457 727 480 NL 

Lichenostomus penicillatus 67781 730 379 NL 

Cracticus nigrogularis 62161 733 523 NL 

Myiagra inquieta 34650 755 510 NL 

Melithreptus lunatus 31042 762 475 NL 

Oriolus sagittatus 28561 774 502 NL 

Malurus lamberti 36359 781 554 NL 

58

Strepera versicolor 26003 791 472 NL 

Acanthiza lineata 39424 795 461 NL 

Microeca fascinans 35467 797 574 NL 

Melithreptus brevirostris 26894 807 502 NL 

Lichenostomus leucotis 32381 811 511 NL 

Manorina melanocephala 71091 814 447 NL 

Neochmia temporalis 53443 818 467 NL 

Cormobates leucophaeus 46935 820 489 NL 

Phylidonyris novaehollandiae 51437 821 448 NL 

Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris 52543 860 516 NL 

Daphoenositta chrysoptera 24023 907 630 NL 

Artamus cyanopterus 32212 920 595 NL 

Strepera graculina 66000 927 570 NL 

Eopsaltria australis 65430 943 574 NL 

Anthus australis 49612 945 700 NL 

Lichenostomus chrysops 59178 957 539 NL 

Smicrornis brevirostris 51821 1097 697 NL 

Petrochelidon nigricans 41282 1124 728 NL 

Acanthiza pusilla 70214 1133 620 NL 

Acanthiza chrysorrhoa 66058 1167 670 NL 

Anthochaera carunculata 77365 1190 634 NL 

Dicaeum hirundinaceum 55482 1191 764 NL 

Cracticus torquatus 71059 1264 822 NL 

Malurus cyaneus 103747 1281 640 NL 

Sericornis frontalis 70430 1306 796 NL 

Corvus coronoides 89050 1362 783 NL 

Pachycephala pectoralis 66015 1374 819 NL 

Grallina cyanoleuca 142056 1398 815 NL 

Pardalotus punctatus 59588 1400 877 NL 

Hirundo neoxena 107997 1459 828 NL 

Pachycephala rufiventris 88957 1476 910 NL 

Rhipidura fuliginosa 85792 1505 910 NL 

Zosterops lateralis 89787 1513 864 NL 

Pardalotus striatus 94612 1650 972 NL 

Rhipidura leucophrys 156110 1668 961 NL 

Coracina novaehollandiae 112681 1724 1050 NL 

Gymnorhina tibicen 177667 1958 1007 NL 

Colluricincla harmonica 120510 1976 1121 NL 

A total of 14 species had records in five or fewer PAs (Table 42). One species is listed as 

threatened. The majority of species in this list had fewer than 100 individual site records, and 

no species had more than 500 site records. The genus Amytornis had four representatives. 

These are the grass wrens that inhabit grasslands and shrublands of drier parts of Australia. 

Such areas are generally not well reserved, which reflects the results for the grass wrens. 

59

Table 42 Passerine species recorded from five or fewer PAs. 

Species No. Records No. PAs EPBC status 

Amytornis barbatus 95 1 NL 

Lichenostomus hindwoodi 307 1 NL 

Falcunculus whitei 36 2 NL 

Anthochaera lunulata 64 2 NL 

Amytornis dorotheae 77 2 NL 

Amytornis housei 83 3 NL 

Amytornis woodwardi 101 3 NL 

Aphelocephala pectoralis 102 3 NL 

Motacilla cinerea 34 4 NL 

Pitta erythrogaster 89 4 NL 

Dasyornis longirostris 81 5 VU 

Chlamydera cerviniventris 209 5 NL 

Tregellasia leucops 255 5 NL 

Meliphaga albilineata 491 5 NL 

Eighteen species of passerines had records in five or fewer PAs greater than 1000 hectares, 

including one threatened species (Table 43). All occurred in at least one PA greater than 

1000 ha in size. 

Table 43 Passerine species recorded in five or fewer PAs greater than 1000 hectares. 

Species No. Records No. PAs >1000ha EPBC status 

Amytornis barbatus 95 1 NL 

Lichenostomus hindwoodi 307 1 NL 

Falcunculus whitei 36 2 NL 

Anthochaera lunulata 64 2 NL 

Amytornis dorotheae 77 2 NL 

Aphelocephala pectoralis 102 2 NL 

Motacilla cinerea 34 3 NL 

Zosterops citrinellus 66 3 NL 

Amytornis housei 83 3 NL 

Pitta erythrogaster 89 3 NL 

Amytornis woodwardi 101 3 NL 

Monarcha frater 107 4 NL 

Dasyornis longirostris 81 5 VU 

Chlamydera cerviniventris 209 5 NL 

Hirundo rustica 226 5 NL 

Tregellasia leucops 255 5 NL 

Phonygammus keraudrenii 378 5 NL 

Meliphaga albilineata 491 5 NL 

60

Dragonflies and Damselflies (Odonata) 

The ANHAT database has 9751 records for 283 species and subspecies of dragonflies and 

damselflies. Thirty-two species account for approximately 50% of the total species records 

in ANHAT. These species have over 80 records each, and, in the case of the 

Austroargiolestes icteromelas, over 400 records. 

Table 44 Dragonfly and damselfly species that account for approximately 50% of the total 

species records in ANHAT. 


Austroargiolestes aureus 85 0.87 

Austroagrion watsoni 87 0.89 

Austrolestes annulosus 88 0.90 

Austroagrion exclamationis 89 0.91 

Pseudagrion aureofrons 90 0.92 

Synthemis eustalacta 94 0.96 

Hemicordulia intermedia 96 0.98 

Ceriagrion aeruginosum 96 0.98 

Austrolestes analis 102 1.05 

Austroaeschna pulchra 104 1.07 

Adversaeschna brevistyla 109 1.12 

Hemigomphus heteroclytus 114 1.17 

Archiargiolestes pusillus 119 1.22 

Austrolestes cingulatus 120 1.23 

Diphlebia euphoeoides 127 1.30 

Choristhemis flavoterminata 132 1.35 

Agriocnemis pygmaea 135 1.38 

Nososticta solitaria 149 1.53 

Austrolestes psyche 150 1.54 

Argiocnemis rubescens 153 1.57 

Pseudagrion ignifer 155 1.59 

Xanthagrion erythroneurum 157 1.61 

Austrolestes leda 166 1.70 

Hemicordulia australiae 169 1.73 

Petalura gigantea 169 1.73 

Synlestes weyersii 182 1.87 

Hemicordulia tau 182 1.87 

Hemianax papuensis 204 2.09 

Pseudagrion microcephalum 227 2.33 

Ischnura aurora 260 2.67 

Ischnura heterosticta 353 3.62 

Austroargiolestes icteromelas 445 4.56 

Total 4908 50.31 

61

One hundred and fifteen species are represented by 10 or fewer individual site records in the 

ANHAT database. None of these species are listed as threatened. Given the limited number 

of records available for most species, this would appear likely to change if the species were 

to be assessed for listing under the EPBC Act. By their nature, this group of invertebrates are 

relatively dependent on wetlands and so this comes out as a common factor linking species 

in this table. However, a number of species are also associated with rainforest environments 

where their wetlands are located. Additionally, there are several species from montane areas 

on this list. As expected, there are very few species that are present within more inland and 

so arid areas as water supplies are less favourable for this group. The majority of species in 

this category are from the northern half of Australia. 

Table 45 Dragonfly and damselfly species with 10 or fewer individual site records in the 

ANHAT database. 

Species 

No. 

Records 


PAs Location Veg type 

Area 

(km 2 ) 

EPBC 

status 

Agyrtacantha dirupta 1 100.0 NE 100 NL 

Anax georgius 1 100.0 NW Wet 100 NL 

Austrocordulia territoria 1 100.0 CN Wet 100 NL 

Choristhemis olivei 1 100.0 NE 100 NL 

Cordulephya divergens 1 100.0 SE Wet 100 NL 

Eurysticta reevesi 1 100.0 NE Wet 100 NL 

Eusynthemis barbarae 1 100.0 NE RF Wet 100 NL 

Hemigomphus atratus 1 100.0 NE RF Wet 100 NL 

Lathrocordulia garrisoni 1 100.0 NE RF Wet 100 NL 

Neosticta silvarum 1 100.0 NE RF Wet 200 NL 

Petalura pulcherrima 1 100.0 NE RF Wet 200 NL 

Acanthaeschna victoria 1 0.0 E Wet 100 NL 

Agrionoptera insignis allogenes 1 0.0 CN, NE, E Wet 100 NL 

Antipodogomphus dentosus 1 0.0 CN Wet 100 NL 

Austroargiolestes icteromelas 

nigrolabiatus 1 0.0 NE Wet 200 NL 

Austrogomphus angelorum 1 0.0 E, SE Wet 100 NL 

Eusynthemis ursula 1 0.0 SE Wet > 980m 100 NL 

Micromidia rodericki 1 0.0 NE RF Wet 100 NL 

Potamarcha congener 1 0.0 CN, NE Wet 200 NL 

Raphismia bispina 1 0.0 NE Man, Wet 100 NL 

Rhodothemis lieftincki 1 0.0 W, CN, NE, E Wet 500 NL 

Zyxomma petiolatum 1 0.0 CN, NE Wet 200 NL 

Archaeosynthemis spiniger 2 100.0 SW Wet 100 NL 

Austroaeschna christine 2 50.0 NE Mon, RF, Wet 200 NL 

Austroaeschna eungella 2 50.0 NE Mon, RF, Wet 200 NL 

Austrophlebia subcostalis 2 50.0 NE RF Wet 200 NL 

Eusynthemis tenera 2 50.0 NE RF Wet 200 NL 

Eusynthemis ursa 2 100.0 SE 200 NL 

Hemicordulia kalliste 2 50.0 CN, NE 200 NL 

Lathrocordulia metallica 2 50.0 SW Wet 300 NL 

Macromia viridescens 2 100.0 NE Wet 300 NL 

Odontogomphus donnellyi 2 100.0 NE RF Wet 200 NL 

62

Telephlebia undia 2 100.0 IE Wet 200 NL 

Austroaeschna speciosa 2 0.0 NE Wet 200 NL 

Austrogomphus doddi 2 0.0 NE Wet 300 NL 

Diplacodes melanopsis 2 0.0 E, SE Wet 200 NL 

Gynacantha kirbyi 2 0.0 NE 300 NL 

Ischnura heterosticta tasmanica 2 0.0 TAS Wet 200 NL 

Nannophya paulsoni 2 0.0 SE Wet 200 NL 

Nososticta taracumbi 2 0.0 CN Wet 600 NL 

Orthetrum sabina 2 0.0 1900 NL 

Petalura litorea 2 0.0 E Wet 300 NL 

Tetrathemis irregularis 

cladophila 2 0.0 NE RF Wet 100 NL 

Tramea stenoloba 2 0.0 W, C, NE, E Wet NL 

Anaciaeschna jaspidea 3 33.3 CN, NE, E Wet 400 NL 

Austroargiolestes elke 3 33.3 NE RF Wet 200 NL 

Austropetalia tonyana 3 66.7 SE Wet 300 NL 

Austrosticta soror 3 33.3 NW Wet 300 NL 

Griseargiolestes bucki 3 33.3 E Wet 200 NL 

Hemigomphus cooloola 3 100.0 E Wet 200 NL 

Zephyrogomphus longipositor 3 66.7 NE RF Wet 300 NL 

Episynlestes intermedius 3 0.0 NE Wet 200 NL 

Eurysticta kununurra 3 0.0 CN Wet 300 NL 

Orthetrum migratum 3 0.0 W, C, E, NE Wet 1500 NL 

Telephlebia tryoni 3 0.0 E RF Wet 400 NL 

Zyxomma elgneri 3 0.0 W, CN, NE, E Wet 300 NL 

Archaeophya adamsi 4 25.0 E, SE Wet 400 NL 

Austrocordulia leonardi 4 25.0 SE Wet 400 NL 

Austroepigomphus turneri 4 25.0 CN, NE Wet 500 NL 

Hemicordulia koomina 4 50.0 W Wet 300 NL 

Nannophya australis 4 50.0 NE, E, SE Wet 300 NL 

Tonyosynthemis ofarrelli 4 75.0 E Wet 400 NL 

Antipodogomphus edentulus 4 0.0 NE Wet 300 NL 

Crocothemis nigrifrons 4 0.0 Co MAW Wet 1300 NL 

Aethriamanta nymphaeae 5 40.0 CN, E, NE Wet 800 NL 

Antipodogomphus hodgkini 5 80.0 W Wet 300 NL 

Hemicordulia flava 5 100.0 CI, WI Wet 500 NL 

Hemigomphus magela 5 80.0 CN 400 NL 

Lestoidea barbarae 5 100.0 NE RF Wet 300 NL 

Spinaeschna watsoni 5 60.0 NE Wet 500 NL 

Apocordulia macrops 5 0.0 SE 400 NL 

Cordulephya bidens 5 0.0 NE RF Wet 300 NL 

Tramea eurybia 5 0.0 E Wet NL 

Tonyosynthemis claviculata 5 20.0 NE Wet 400 NL 

Aethriamanta nymphaeae 5 40.0 CN, E, NE Wet 800 NL 

Antipodogomphus hodgkini 5 80.0 W Wet 300 NL 

Apocordulia macrops 5 0.0 SE 400 NL 

Cordulephya bidens 5 0.0 NE RF Wet 300 NL 

Hemicordulia flava 5 100.0 CI, WI Wet 500 NL 

Hemigomphus magela 5 80.0 CN 400 NL 

Lestoidea barbarae 5 100.0 NE RF Wet 300 NL 

63

Spinaeschna watsoni 5 60.0 NE Wet 500 NL 

Tonyosynthemis claviculata 5 20.0 NE Wet 400 NL 

Tramea eurybia 5 0.0 E Wet NL 

Austroargiolestes alpinus 6 33.3 E Wet 400 NL 

Caliagrion billinghursti 6 0.0 E, SE Wet 300 NL 

Diphlebia coerulescens 6 16.7 NE, E Wet 400 NL 

Eurysticta coolawanyah 6 50.0 W Wet 400 NL 

Eusynthemis deniseae 6 100.0 EI Wet 100 NL 

Ictinogomphus paulini 6 66.7 NE Wet 300 NL 

Micromidia convergens 6 50.0 E Wet 300 NL 

Petalura hesperia 6 0.0 SW Wet 600 NL 

Synlestes weyersii tillyardi 6 66.7 E Mon Wet 500 NL 

Archipetalia auriculata 7 85.7 TAS Wet 1300 NL 

Armagomphus armiger 7 57.1 SW Wet 600 NL 

Lithosticta macra 7 28.6 CN Wet 400 NL 

Antipodophlebia asthenes 8 25.0 E Wet 800 NL 

Archaeophya magnifica 8 12.5 NE RF Wet 700 NL 

Austroaeschna atrata 8 75.0 SE Mon, Wet 900 NL 

Austrophya mystica 8 0.0 NE RF Wet 700 NL 

Cordulephya montana 8 75.0 SE Wet 600 NL 

Eurysticta coomalie 8 25.0 CN Wet 700 NL 

Petalura ingentissima 8 12.5 NE RF Wet 600 NL 

Pseudocordulia circularis 8 25.0 NE RF Wet 500 NL 

Zephyrogomphus lateralis 8 12.5 SW Wet 900 NL 

Antipodogomphus acolythus 9 0.0 NE, E, SE Wet 900 NL 

Antipodogomphus neophytus 9 22.2 NW, CN, NE Wet 800 NL 

Austroaeschna flavomaculata 9 100.0 SE RF Wet 800 NL 

Hemicordulia superba 9 44.4 E Wet 800 NL 

Hemigomphus theischingeri 9 44.4 NE RF Wet 500 NL 

Pseudocordulia elliptica 9 66.7 NE RF Wet 600 NL 

Tholymis tillarga 9 33.3 CN, NE, E Wet 1600 NL 

Aethriamanta circumsignata 10 40.0 N, E Wet 1000 NL 

Austroaeschna muelleri 10 100.0 E Wet 200 NL 

Austroargiolestes chrysoides 10 40.0 E RF Wet 800 NL 

Austrogomphus arbustorum 10 0.0 NE Wet 600 NL 

Austropetalia patricia 10 20.0 SE Wet 700 NL 

Eusynthemis rentziana 10 30.0 E Wet 900 NL 

Griseargiolestes fontanus 10 30.0 E Wet 700 NL 

Hesperocordulia berthoudi 10 20.0 SW Wet 700 NL 

Nososticta kalumburu 10 100.0 CN Wet 800 NL 

Nososticta pilbara 10 70.0 W Wet 500 NL 

Pantala flavescens 10 20.0 MAW Wet 4300 NL 

Podopteryx selysi 10 30.0 CN, NE RF Wet 600 NL 

Synthemiopsis 

gomphomacromioides 10 90.0 TAS Mon Wet 700 NL 

The removal of the records of the poorly recorded species leaves 9227 records in ANHAT 

for 168 species (and subspecies). The mean number of records per species for species with 

greater than 10 records was 55, with a mean of 29 for the percent of records in PAs. Of 

64

these, 38 species had 45% or greater of individual site records located within the NRS 

(Table 46), none which have yet been listed as threatened. This is an area that needs 

addressing. There are three rainforest and four montane wetland species in this list. No 

species had all records within PAs. 

Table 46 Dragonfly and damselfly species with >45% of site records within the NRS. 

Species 

No. 

Records 

Records in 

PAs Location Veg type 

Area 

(km 2 ) 

EPBC 

status 

Nososticta fraterna 84 38 (45.2%) CN, NE Wet 4900 NL 

Austroaeschna tasmanica 22 10 (45.4%) TAS Wet 1700 NL 

Austroaeschna subapicalis 39 18 (46.1%) E, SE Mon, Wet 2800 NL 

Synlestes tropicus 39 18 (46.1%) NE RF Wet 1300 NL 

Griseargiolestes albescens 15 7 (46.7%) E Wet 1000 NL 

Austroaeschna multipunctata 30 14 (46.7%) SE Mon, Wet 2300 NL 

Eusynthemis aurolineata 30 14 (46.7%) E Mon, Wet 2300 NL 

Austroepigomphus gordoni 17 8 (47.1%) W, I Wet 1300 NL 

Archaeosynthemis orientalis 19 9 (47.4%) E, SE, CS Wet 1500 NL 

Chorismagrion risi 40 19 (47.5%) NE RF Wet 2100 NL 

Austrogomphus mjobergi 23 11 (47.8%) NW, CN, NE Wet 1300 NL 

Ischnura pruinescens 63 31 (49.2%) CN, NE, E Wet 2500 NL 

Austroargiolestes brookhousei 12 6 (50.0%) E Wet 900 NL 

Austroagrion pindrina 20 10 (50.0%) NW Wet 700 NL 

Austroargiolestes isabellae 28 14 (50.0%) SE Wet 1700 NL 

Eusynthemis brevistyla 56 29 (51.8%) SE Wet 4500 NL 

Telephlebia brevicauda 46 24 (52.2%) SE Al Wet 3700 NL 

Nannophlebia injibandi 13 7 (53.8%) W Wet 900 NL 

Griseargiolestes intermedius 11 6 (54.5%) SE Wet 1100 NL 

Indolestes obiri 11 6 (54.5%) CN Wet 800 NL 

Nososticta baroalba 22 12 (54.5%) CN Wet 800 NL 

Austroaeschna inermis 20 11 (55.0%) SE Mon, Wet 1800 NL 

Agriocnemis kunjina 29 16 (55.2%) W Wet 700 NL 

Petalura gigantea 169 94 (55.6%) E Wet 4400 NL 

Austroargiolestes calcaris 34 20 (58.8%) SE Wet 2600 NL 

Austroaeschna hardyi 45 27 (60.0%) TAS Al Th 3800 NL 

Eusynthemis guttata 24 15 (62.5%) SE Al Mon WL 2300 NL 

Griseargiolestes eboracus 24 15 (62.5%) E, SE Wet 2200 NL 

Synthemis tasmanica 45 29 (64.4%) TAS Wet 3100 NL 

Austrolestes minjerriba 26 17 (65.4%) E Wet 1800 NL 

Urothemis aliena 12 8 (66.7%) CN, NE, E Wet 900 NL 

Nannophlebia mudginberri 15 10 (66.7%) CN Wet 1000 NL 

Austroargiolestes christine 16 11 (68.7%) E Wet 1300 NL 

Austrocnemis maccullochi 54 38 (70.4%) CN, NE Wet 1800 NL 

Ictinogomphus dobsoni 11 9 (72.7%) W Wet 700 NL 

Pentathemis membranulata 15 11 (73.3%) CN, NE Wet 1200 NL 

Nososticta koongarra 27 20 (74.1%) CN Wet 400 NL 

Episynlestes cristatus 11 10 (91.0%) NE RF Wet 500 NL 

65

Thirty species had less than 10% of ANHAT records located within the NRS (Table 47). 

None of the species are listed as threatened. One species had no records from the reserve 

system. Notably, four species had very broad ranges across Australia, but still had few 

records and few in reserves. Species from the west of Australia were represented in this 

under-reserved group. 

Table 47 Dragonfly and damselfly species with

The dragonfly or damselfly group is relatively poorly represented by records and no species 

had records in more than 100 separate PAs. In fact, only one species had records in more 

than 50 separate PAs. This is not a reflection on this group in general having only small 

ranges, but rather the relatively poor levels of surveys and records. 

Table 48 Dragonfly and damselfly species recorded at more than 50 PAs. 

EPBC 

Species No. Records No. PAs No. PAs >1000ha status 

Austroargiolestes icteromelas 445 53 49 NL 

A total of 90 species had five or fewer records in 100 separate reserves and 89 species had 

five or fewe records in reserves 1000 ha or greater. None of these species are listed as 

threatened. The majority of species in this list had fewer than 100 individual site records, and 

no species had more than 135 site records. 

Table 49 Dragonfly and damselfly species with records in five or fewer PAs and PAs of 

1000 ha or more. 

Species No. Records No. PAs No. PAs >1000ha 

EPBC 

status 

Diplacodes bipunctata 12 1 0 NL 

Austrocnemis splendida 32 1 0 NL 

Orthetrum villosovittatum 12 1 0 NL 

Agriocnemis rubricauda 20 1 1 NL 

Anax gibbosulus 11 1 1 NL 

Anax guttatus 16 1 1 NL 

Macromia tillyardi 13 1 1 NL 

Antipodogomphus proselythus 16 1 1 NL 

Archaeosynthemis leachii 15 1 1 NL 

Indolestes obiri 11 1 1 NL 

Austrosynthemis cyanitincta 12 1 1 NL 

Indolestes alleni 16 1 1 NL 

Archaeosynthemis occidentalis 12 1 1 NL 

Archiargiolestes parvulus 21 1 1 NL 

Gynacantha rosenbergi 24 1 1 NL 

Gynacantha mocsaryi 13 1 1 NL 

Indolestes tenuissimus 23 1 1 NL 

Austroepigomphus melaleucae 18 1 1 NL 

Teinobasis rufithorax 14 1 1 NL 

Agriocnemis argentea 56 1 1 NL 

Nososticta koongarra 27 1 1 NL 

Austroagrion pindrina 20 1 1 NL 

Rhadinosticta banksi 19 1 1 NL 

Austrogomphus collaris 45 1 1 NL 

Agriocnemis dobsoni 21 1 1 NL 

67

Agriocnemis kunjina 29 1 1 NL 

Austrogomphus australis 34 1 1 NL 

Procordulia affinis 14 1 1 NL 

Nososticta koolpinyah 16 1 1 NL 

Austroargiolestes amabilis 23 1 1 NL 

Austroaeschna anacantha 17 1 1 NL 

Orthetrum caledonicum 35 2 1 NL 

Austrolestes aleison 12 2 1 NL 

Diphlebia hybridoides 17 2 2 NL 

Dendroaeschna conspersa 11 2 2 NL 

Archibasis mimetes 24 2 2 NL 

Urothemis aliena 12 2 2 NL 

Griseargiolestes albescens 15 2 2 NL 

Griseargiolestes metallicus 11 2 2 NL 

Austrosticta fieldi 11 2 2 NL 

Austrocnemis maccullochi 54 2 2 NL 

Diphlebia nymphoides 43 2 2 NL 

Telephlebia tillyardi 21 2 2 NL 

Austroargiolestes brookhousei 12 2 2 NL 

Ictinogomphus dobsoni 11 2 2 NL 

Pseudagrion cingillum 19 2 2 NL 

Diplacodes haematodes 16 2 2 NL 

Labidiosticta vallisi 17 2 2 NL 

Parasynthemis regina 27 2 2 NL 

Nannophlebia mudginberri 15 2 2 NL 

Nososticta baroalba 22 2 2 NL 

Hemiphlebia mirabilis 29 2 2 NL 

Neosticta fraseri 19 3 3 NL 

Pentathemis membranulata 15 3 3 NL 

Nososticta liveringa 13 3 3 NL 

Austrogomphus mjobergi 23 3 3 NL 

Austrophlebia costalis 13 3 3 NL 

Neosticta canescens 14 3 3 NL 

Coenagrion lyelli 14 3 3 NL 

Miniargiolestes minimus 34 3 3 NL 

Ischnura pruinescens 63 3 3 NL 

Hemicordulia continentalis 35 3 3 NL 

Austrolestes io 32 3 3 NL 

Gynacantha dobsoni 37 4 3 NL 

Nososticta solida 56 4 3 NL 

Oristicta filicicola 22 4 3 NL 

Macrodiplax cora 36 4 3 NL 

Archiargiolestes pusillissimus 20 4 3 NL 

Austroaeschna weiskei 18 4 4 NL 

Austroagrion cyane 75 4 4 NL 

Griseargiolestes intermedius 11 4 4 NL 

Rhadinosticta simplex 40 4 4 NL 

Notoaeschna sagittata 25 4 4 NL 

Nannophlebia injibandi 13 4 4 NL 

Micromidia atrifrons 19 4 4 NL 

68

Hemigomphus comitatus 20 4 4 NL 

Episynlestes cristatus 11 4 4 NL 

Austrogomphus divaricatus 21 4 4 NL 

Austroepigomphus gordoni 17 4 4 NL 

Austrolestes insularis 28 5 4 NL 

Lestes concinnus 68 5 4 NL 

Austrogynacantha heterogena 50 5 4 NL 

Agriocnemis pygmaea 135 5 4 NL 

Cordulephya pygmaea 34 5 5 NL 

Aciagrion fragilis 83 5 5 NL 

Austroaeschna obscura 35 5 5 NL 

Austroargiolestes christine 16 5 5 NL 

Eusynthemis nigra 33 5 5 NL 

Nannophlebia risi 55 5 5 NL 

Pseudagrion jedda 60 5 5 NL 

Austroagrion exclamationis 89 6 5 NL 

Ictinogomphus australis 63 6 5 NL 

69

Butterflies (Lepidoptera) 

The ANHAT database has 53246 records for 442 species and subspecies of butterflies. Fiftyfive 

species account for approximately 50% of the total species records in ANHAT. These 

species have over 250 records each and Danaus plexippus over 1200 records. 

Table 50 Butterfly species that account for approximately 50% of the total species records 

in ANHAT. 


Hesperilla ornata 259 0.49 

Taractrocera papyria 262 0.49 

Appias paulina 265 0.50 

Hypocysta metirius 272 0.51 

Dispar compacta 275 0.52 

Toxidia peron 276 0.52 

Signeta flammeata 281 0.53 

Neolucia agricola 282 0.53 

Nacaduba biocellata 283 0.53 

Oreixenica kershawi 285 0.54 

Hesperilla idothea 295 0.55 

Psychonotis caelius 302 0.57 

Papilio demoleus 316 0.59 

Mycalesis terminus 322 0.60 

Delias harpalyce 331 0.62 

Ypthima arctous 335 0.63 

Delias aganippe 338 0.63 

Jalmenus evagoras 342 0.64 

Theclinesthes miskini 345 0.65 

Papilio anactus 349 0.66 

Geitoneura acantha 352 0.66 

Lampides boeticus 353 0.66 

Oreixenica lathoniella 357 0.67 

Graphium macleayanus 362 0.68 

Hypocysta adiante 376 0.71 

Polyura sempronius 380 0.71 

Cressida cressida 382 0.72 

Ogyris olane 399 0.75 

Delias argenthona 400 0.75 

Heteronympha penelope 400 0.75 

Ogyris amaryllis 414 0.78 

Ocybadistes walkeri 484 0.91 

Delias nigrina 501 0.94 

Tirumala hamata 517 0.97 

Acraea andromacha 520 0.98 

Vanessa itea 522 0.98 

Hypolimnas bolina 565 1.06 

Geitoneura klugii 589 1.11 

Graphium sarpedon 614 1.15 

70

Hesperilla donnysa 621 1.17 

Eurema hecabe 627 1.18 

Danaus chrysippus 690 1.30 

Candalides hyacinthina 702 1.32 

Junonia villida 719 1.35 

Tisiphone abeona 732 1.37 

Catopsilia pomona 733 1.38 

Melanitis leda 766 1.44 

Papilio aegeus 770 1.45 

Belenois java 877 1.65 

Vanessa kershawi 887 1.67 

Euploea core 928 1.74 

Heteronympha merope 935 1.76 

Zizina labradus 1006 1.89 

Danaus plexippus 1271 2.39 

Total 26766 50.3 

Eighty butterflies had 10 or fewer individual record sites present in the ANHAT database. 

One species is listed as endangered. 

Table 51 Butterfly species with 10 or fewer individual site records in the ANHAT database. 

Species 

No. 

Records 



Area 

(km 2 ) 

EPBC 

status 

Arhopala micale amytis 1 100.0 NE RF, Man 4200 NL 

Deudorix epirus agimar 1 100.0 NE RF 200 NL 

Heteronympha banksii mariposa 1 100.0 E RF, For 200 NL 

Hypochrysops elgneri barnardi 1 100.0 NE RF, For 100 NL 

Philiris nitens lucina 1 100.0 NE RF 300 NL 

Praetaxila segecia 1 100.0 NE RF 200 NL 

Tellervo zoilus gelo 1 100.0 NE RF 900 NL 

Borbo cinnara 1 0.0 N RF 600 NL 

Candalides cyprotus pallescens 1 0.0 EC-SE WL 800 NL 

Catochrysops amasea 1 0.0 NE ?? 700 NL 

Catopyrops ancyra 1 0.0 NE RF 700 NL 

Euploea algea 1 0.0 NE For 800 NL 

Junonia erigone 1 0.0 NC For 100 NL 

Neopithecops lucifer 1 0.0 NE RF 400 NL 

Papilio aegeus ormenus 1 0.0 NE RF 400 NL 

Philiris azula 1 0.0 NE RF 100 NL 

Taractrocera ilia 1 0.0 NC RH 700 NL 

Theclinesthes onycha capricornia 1 0.0 NE For 1700 NL 

Tisiphone abeona morrisi 1 0.0 E Gen 2700 NL 

Elodina walkeri 2 50.0 N RF, For 1300 NL 

Eurema alitha 2 100.0 NC-NE WL, GrL 1300 NL 

Lexias aeropa 2 100.0 NE RF 300 NL 

Theclinesthes miskini eucalypti 2 50.0 NE WL 2500 NL 

Trapezites genevieveae 2 100.0 E RF 200 NL 

71

Udara tenella 2 50.0 NE RF 200 NL 

Chaetocneme critomedia 2 0.0 NE For 400 NL 

Delias ennia tindalii 2 0.0 NE RF 200 NL 

Heteronympha cordace wilsoni 2 0.0 SE SE 500 NL 

Leptosia nina 2 0.0 NW For 400 NL 

Taenaris artemis 2 0.0 NE RF 600 NL 

Appias albina 3 33.3 N For 500 NL 

Croitana aestiva 3 33.3 CI WL 200 EN 

Hesperilla crypsargyra hopsoni 3 66.7 SE For 400 NL 

Hypochrysops cleon 3 66.7 NE RF 200 NL 

Ionolyce helicon hyllus 3 66.7 NE RF 300 NL 

Apaturina erminea 3 0.0 NE RF 100 NL 

Hypolimnas anomala 3 0.0 NE RF 600 NL 

Jamides amarauge 3 0.0 NE RF 700 NL 

Leptotes plinius 3 0.0 NCI-E WL 3000 NL 

Rapala varuna simsoni 3 0.0 NE Gen 1300 NL 

Allora major 4 25.0 NE RF 100 NL 

Elodina queenslandica 4 100.0 NE RF 1200 NL 

Mesodina gracillima 4 25.0 NC WL 1200 NL 

Oreixenica latialis theddora 4 100.0 SE GrL 200 NL 

Pithecops dionisius 4 75.0 NE RF 500 NL 

Troides priamus macalpinei 4 25.0 NE RF 600 NL 

Acrodipsas melania 4 0.0 NE WL 400 NL 

Everes lacturnus australis 5 60.0 NC-SE?? For 3700 NL 

Hypochrysops theon medocus 5 60.0 NE RF 400 NL 

Pseudodipsas eone 5 40.0 NE RF, For 800 NL 

Libythea geoffroy 5 0.0 N For 2200 NL 

Heteronympha banksii nevina 5 20.0 SE RF, For 1000 NL 

Jalmenus clementi 5 20.0 WC SL 700 NL 

Oreixenica kershawi kanunda 5 20.0 SE Wet 900 NL 

Zizina labradus labdalon 5 20.0 NE Gen 700 NL 

Hypochrysops apollo phoebus 6 83.3 NE Wet 400 NL 

Hypochrysops pythias euclides 6 0.0 NE RF 700 NL 

Netrocoryne repanda expansa 6 16.7 E RF, WL 500 NL 

Orsotriaena medus 6 0.0 NE Wet 1100 NL 

Borbo impar 7 42.9 NC RF, WL 800 NL 

Catochrysops panormus platissa 7 42.9 NC For-WL 4700 NL 

Catopyrops florinda halys 7 14.3 EC RF 2600 NL 

Croitana arenaria 7 42.9 CI WL 700 NL 

Ionolyce helicon 7 28.6 NE RF 1100 NL 

Jalmenus inous notocrucifer 7 0.0 SW WL 200 NL 

Nacaduba kurava parma 7 42.9 NE-EC RF, WL 3100 NL 

Petrelaea tombugensis 7 42.9 NC-NE RF 1500 NL 

Candalides delospila 8 12.5 NI WL, GrL 1300 NL 

Deudorix smilis 8 12.5 NC For 1200 NL 

Jalmenus aridus 8 0.0 SWI SL 300 NL 

Neohesperilla senta 8 12.5 N WL, GrL 1100 NL 

Pantoporia venilia 8 87.5 NE For 1500 NL 

Philiris ziska 8 50.0 NE RF 200 NL 

Toxidia rietmanni parasema 8 12.5 E RF, For 300 NL 

72

Acrodipsas hirtipes 9 0.0 NE WL 400 NL 

Charaxes latona 9 66.7 NE RF 200 NL 

Danaus genutia 9 0.0 NC Wet 1100 NL 

Allora doleschallii 10 10.0 NE RF 1400 NL 

Chaetocneme porphyropis 10 20.0 NE RF 1600 NL 

Jalmenus lithochroa 10 0.0 SC WL 900 NL 

Removal of the poorly recorded species leaves 52914 records in ANHAT for 362 species 

(and subspecies). The mean number of records per species for species with greater than 10 

records was 146.2, with a mean of 24.4 for the percent of records in NRS. Of these 

remaining species, 46 species had 45% or greater of individual site records located within the 

NRS. Of those 46 species, none were listed as threatened. The majority of species had 

preferences for environments with trees with areas of forest and woodland dominating. 

Rainforest was also a prevalent habitat used by this list of species, but not greatly 

considering its extensive reservation and relatively large number of species known to use 

rainforest. Almost all of the species in the list come from eastern Australia, indicating that 

species from two-thirds of Australia are not well studied or recorded. 

Table 52 Butterfly species with greater than 45% of site records within the NRS. 

Species 

Total 

Records 


NRS Location 

Veg 

type 

Area 

(km 2 ) 

EPBC 

status 

Mimene atropatene 11 5 (45.4%) NE RF 200 NL 

Hesperilla ornata 

monotherm 22 

10 

(45.4%) E For 

1000 

NL 

Neolucia mathewi 37 

17 

(45.5%) SE WL, SL 

3900 

NL 

Oreisplanus munionga 95 

44 

(46.3%) SE, Tas 

WL, 

Wet 

4500 

NL 

Proeidosa polysema 41 

19 

(46.3%) N WL 

3000 

NL 

Argynnina cyrila 205 

95 

(46.3%) SE RF, For 

12300 

NL 

Pseudalmenus 

chlorinda 196 

91 

(46.4%) SE, Tas 

For, 

WL 

14400 

NL 

Trapezites iacchoides 60 

28 

(46.7%) SE For 

3100 

NL 

Hypochrysops byzos 115 

54 

(47.0%) SE For 

7000 

NL 

Signeta flammeata 281 

133 

(47.3%) SE For 

17100 

NL 

Elymnias agondas 23 

11 

(47.3%) NE RF 

1400 

NL 

Hypochrysops hippuris 25 

12 

(48.0%) NE RF 

200 

NL 

Hypocysta angustata 33 

16 

(48.5%) NE RF 

800 

NL 

Pasma tasmanica 82 40 SW, Tas For, 8000 NL 

73

(48.8%) WL 

Theclinesthes 

23 

4000 

albocincta 47 (49.0%) W-SEI WL, SL 

NL 

24 

For, 2700 

Hesperilla furva 49 (49.0%) CE WL 

NL 

49 

7900 

Heteronympha mirifica 100 (49.0%) SE RF, For 

NL 

13 

3200 

Cethosia penthesilea 26 (50.0%) NC RF 

NL 

Trapezites sciron 

21 

1400 

eremicola 42 (50.0%) S WL, He 

NL 

182 

23800 

Graphium macleayanus 362 (50.2%) E, Tas RF, WL 

NL 

14 

2900 

Signeta tymbophora 27 (51.8%) SE RF 

NL 

24 

1200 

Hesperilla sarnia 46 (52.2%) NE For 

NL 

Acrodipsas 

71 

For, 6100 

brisbanensis 136 (52.2%) E-SE WL 

NL 

Candalides consimilis 

1400 

goodingi 17 9 (52.9%) SE For 

NL 

34 

5300 

Hypocysta euphemia 64 (53.1%) SE RH 

NL 

Nesolycaena urumelia 11 6 (54.5%) NC WL 1800 NL 

Toxidia andersoni 77 

42 

(54.5%) SE For 

4800 

NL 

Appias ada 42 

23 

(54.8%) NE RF 

2200 

NL 

Ogyris otanes 40 

22 

(55.0%) SE-SC WL 

3700 

NL 

Anisynta dominula 156 

88 

(56.4%) Tas, SE 

WL, 

GrL 

8500 

NL 

Jamides cyta 31 

18 

(58.0%) NE RF 

500 

NL 

Anisynta monticolae 74 

43 

(58.1%) SE For 

5000 

NL 

Hypochrysops elgneri 12 7 (58.3%) NE RF, For 800 NL 

Philiris Diana 12 7 (58.3%) NE RF-For 1100 NL 

Hypolimnas alimena 

lamina 17 

10 

(58.8%) NE RF 

3200 

NL 

Hesperilla crypsargyra 149 

89 

(59.7%) SE For 

3600 

NL 

Oreixenica latialis 69 

42 

(60.9%) SE GrL 

3300 

NL 

Toxidia inornatus 21 

13 

(61.9%) NE RF 

700 

NL 

Rachelia extrusa 11 7 (63.6%) NE RF 300 NL 

Heteronympha solandri 211 

135 

(64.0%) SE WL 

9800 

NL 

74

Nesoxenica leprea 159 

Oreixenica orichora 117 

Oreixenica correae 178 

Neolucia hobartensis 104 

Antipodia chaostola 

chares 61 

Nesolycaena 

albosericea 38 

108 

(67.9%) Tas RF, For 

80 

(68.4%) SE, Tas GrL 

126 

(70.8%) SE WL 

74 

(71.1%) SE, Tas WL 

44 

For, 

(72.1%) SE WL 

29 

(76.3%) EC WL 

5900 

4400 

6000 

5600 

1600 

2400 

NL 

NL 

NL 

NL 

NL 

NL 

Forty-nine species had less than 10% of ANHAT records located within PAs (Table 53). 

This represents a relatively large proportion of the identified butterflies. One of the 49 

species is classified as threatened, being listed as vulnerable. The majority of species in this 

table again come from eastern Australia. However, there are also species from southwestern 

Australia and species from all parts of Australia are listed. Woodland and forest 

species are dominant on the list. There are also 11 species that use rainforest, even though 

this system is well reserved. Four species have no records within the reserve system. 

Table 53 Butterfly species with

Trapezites macqueeni 23 1 4.35 NE 

For, 

WL 1900 NL 

Hypochrysops digglesii 67 3 4.48 NE-E 

For, 

WL 4000 NL 

Trapezites lutea 112 6 5.36 SE WL 7100 NL 

Ogyris amaryllis 

meridionalis 37 2 5.41 Aus Gen 13800 NL 

Zizula hylax attenuata 17 1 5.88 N 

WL, 

Wet 1300 NL 

Ogyris aenone 68 4 5.88 NE-E WL 1400 NL 

Deudorix diovis 100 6 6.00 NC-SE 

RF, 

For 6600 NL 

Croitana croites 49 3 6.12 SW WL 3200 NL 

Hypolimnas misippus 79 5 6.33 NC-SE 

RF, 

For 8200 NL 

Geitoneura minyas 46 3 6.52 SW WL 6500 NL 

Paralucia spinifera 106 7 6.60 E WL 1300 VU 

Hasora discolor 60 4 6.67 NE-EC RF 4100 NL 

Arhopala madytus 43 3 6.98 NE RF 4100 NL 

Rapala varuna 70 5 7.14 NE Gen 4100 NL 

Ogyris amaryllis 414 31 7.49 SE Gen 26100 NL 

Chaetocneme beata 40 3 7.50 E RF 5100 NL 

Hypochrysops delicia 

duaringae 13 1 7.69 NE 

For, 

WL 400 NL 

Mesodina cyanophracta 13 1 7.69 SW WL 2500 NL 

Hesperilla chrysotricha 

cyclospila 104 8 7.69 SE Wet 3900 NL 

Hesperilla flavescens 205 16 7.80 SE Wet 4600 NL 

Oreixenica ptunarra 162 13 8.02 Tas 

WL, 

GrL 3100 NL 

Hypochrysops pythias 12 1 8.33 NE RF 1400 NL 

Cephrenes trichopepla 118 10 8.47 SW-E 

For, 

WL 9700 NL 

Hypochrysops piceata 47 4 8.51 E WL 700 NL 

Ogyris abrota 176 15 8.52 E 

For, 

WL 8900 NL 

Zizula hylax 35 3 8.57 NE 

WL, 

Wet 4900 NL 

Acrodipsas myrmecophila 116 10 8.62 NC-SE 

For, 

WL 3000 NL 

Anisynta sphenosema 23 2 8.70 SW For 2800 NL 

Troides euphorion 11 1 9.09 NE RF 1100 NL 

Papilio anactus 349 32 9.17 E, EI 

For, 

WL 22000 NL 

Danaus plexippus 1271 118 9.28 Aus Gen 49800 NL 

Papilio fuscus canopus 31 3 9.68 CN RF 2900 NL 

76

Three butterfly species had records in more than 100 separate PAs (Table 54). One species in 

this list had over a thousand records, with an average of 943 records per species. None of the 

species are listed as threatened. 

Table 54 Butterfly species recorded at more than 100 PAs. 


EPBC 

status 

Heteronympha merope 935 102 85 NL 

Vanessa kershawi 887 101 84 NL 

Zizina labradus 1006 111 100 NL 

A total of 130 species had records in five or fewer PAs and 136 had records in five or fewer 

PAs greater than 1000 hectares in size (Table 55). One species is listed as vulnerable. The 

majority of species in this list had fewer than 100 individual record sites, and no species had 

more than 205 record sites. All species were recorded from at least one PA, but three species 

did not occur in a PA greater than 1000 hectares. None the less, there are many species that 

have rarely been recorded within the NRS and can be assumed to not be well protected by it. 

Table 55 Butterfly species recorded from five or fewer PAs and five or fewer PAs larger 

than 1000 hectares. 


EPBC 

status 

Ogyris genoveva 19 1 0 NL 

Ogyris amaryllis hewitsoni 37 1 0 NL 

Trapezites argenteoornatus 51 1 0 NL 

Hypochrysops elgneri 12 1 1 NL 

Argyreus hyperbius 29 1 1 NL 

Jalmenus pseudictinus 36 1 1 NL 

Zizula hylax attenuata 17 1 1 NL 

Acrodipsas arcana 24 1 1 NL 

Hypochrysops pythias 12 1 1 NL 

Mesodina cyanophracta 13 1 1 NL 

Paralucia spinifera 106 1 1 VU 

Hypochrysops halyaetus 50 1 1 NL 

Hypolycaena danis turneri 23 1 1 NL 

Anisynta cynone 48 1 1 NL 

Hypochrysops delicia duaringae 13 1 1 NL 

Trapezites macqueeni 23 1 1 NL 

Ogyris amaryllis meridionalis 37 1 1 NL 

Vanessa cardui 89 1 1 NL 

Vagrans egista 27 1 1 NL 

Troides euphorion 11 1 1 NL 

Hypochrysops epicurus 46 1 1 NL 

Hypochrysops cyane 27 1 1 NL 

77

Ogyris aenone 68 1 1 NL 

Hasora chromus 24 1 1 NL 

Herimosa albovenata 19 1 1 NL 

Hypochrysops piceata 47 2 NL 

Theclinesthes hesperia 17 2 1 NL 

Acrodipsas illidgei 37 2 1 NL 

Nesolycaena urumelia 11 2 2 NL 

Chaetocneme beata 40 2 2 NL 

Chaetocneme denitza 12 2 2 NL 

Cethosia penthesilea 26 2 2 NL 

Mimene atropatene 11 2 2 NL 

Megisba strongyle nigra 12 2 2 NL 

Jamides cyta 31 2 2 NL 

Hypocysta angustata 33 2 2 NL 

Hypochrysops polycletus 21 2 2 NL 

Hypochrysops hippuris 25 2 2 NL 

Graphium aristeus 25 2 2 NL 

Exometoeca nycteris 11 2 2 NL 

Euploea darchia niveata 14 2 2 NL 

Erysichton palmyra 27 2 2 NL 

Hypochrysops polycletus rovena 13 2 2 NL 

Philiris fulgens kurandae 20 2 2 NL 

Rachelia extrusa 11 2 2 NL 

Telicota brachydesma 19 2 2 NL 

Proeidosa polysema 41 2 2 NL 

Anisynta sphenosema 23 2 2 NL 

Zizula hylax 35 2 2 NL 

Bindahara phocides yurgama 13 3 1 NL 

Acrodipsas myrmecophila 116 3 2 NL 

Hesperilla sarnia 46 3 2 NL 

Toxidia melania 26 3 2 NL 

Tisiphone abeona rawnsleyi 25 3 2 NL 

Heteronympha penelope alope 19 3 3 NL 

Sabera fuliginosa 66 3 3 NL 

Taractrocera dolon 30 3 3 NL 

Elymnias agondas 23 3 3 NL 

Mesodina aeluropis 38 3 3 NL 

Euploea alcathoe 43 3 3 NL 

Hypochrysops digglesii 67 3 3 NL 

Hypochrysops apelles 117 3 3 NL 

Hypochrysops theon 19 3 3 NL 

Trapezites symmomus soma 32 3 3 NL 

Eurema puella 34 3 3 NL 

Deudorix democles 26 3 3 NL 

Hasora hurama 18 3 3 NL 

Graphium macfarlanei 19 3 3 NL 

Geitoneura minyas 46 3 3 NL 

Deudorix epirus 12 3 3 NL 

Ogyris ianthis 58 3 3 NL 

Papilio fuscus canopus 31 3 3 NL 

78

Arhopala madytus 43 3 3 NL 

Phalanta phalantha 21 3 3 NL 

Appias ada 42 3 3 NL 

Liphyra brassolis 23 3 3 NL 

Jamides aleuas coelestis 18 3 3 NL 

Jalmenus inous 23 3 3 NL 

Jalmenus evagoras eubulus 18 3 3 NL 

Croitana croites 49 3 3 NL 

Hesperilla chrysotricha cyclospila 104 4 3 NL 

Parnara amalia 50 4 3 NL 

Oreixenica ptunarra 162 4 3 NL 

Telicota eurotas 32 4 3 NL 

Hypochrysops ignita chrysonotus 39 4 3 NL 

Danis danis serapis 36 4 3 NL 

Hypolimnas misippus 79 4 4 NL 

Toxidia inornatus 21 4 4 NL 

Delias ennia nigidius 24 4 4 NL 

Hasora discolor 60 4 4 NL 

Hesperilla furva 49 4 4 NL 

Trapezites heteromacula 21 4 4 NL 

Freyeria pulti 40 4 4 NL 

Delias aruna 22 4 4 NL 

Ogyris idmo 51 4 4 NL 

Nacaduba cyanea arinia 25 4 4 NL 

Jamides aleuas 43 4 4 NL 

Hypochrysops miskini 42 4 4 NL 

Candalides gilberti 16 4 4 NL 

Hesperilla ornata monotherm 22 4 4 NL 

Telicota ohara 29 4 4 NL 

Megisba strongyle 34 4 4 NL 

Hypochrysops apollo 33 4 4 NL 

Jalmenus eichhorni 39 4 4 NL 

Anisynta tillyardi 42 4 4 NL 

Hesperilla flavescens 205 5 1 NL 

Bindahara phocides 34 5 3 NL 

Danis danis 86 5 4 NL 

Antipodia atralba 66 5 4 NL 

Antipodia chaostola 65 5 4 NL 

Deudorix diovis 100 5 4 NL 

Elodina perdita 45 5 4 NL 

Jalmenus daemeli 82 5 4 NL 

Suniana lascivia 20 5 4 NL 

Antipodia dactyliota 34 5 5 NL 

Candalides consimilis goodingi 17 5 5 NL 

Antipodia chaostola chares 61 5 5 NL 

Neohesperilla croceus 55 5 5 NL 

Prosotas felderi 23 5 5 NL 

Rapala varuna 70 5 5 NL 

Hypolycaena danis 24 5 5 NL 

Sabera caesina 86 5 5 NL 

79

Sabera dobboe 48 5 5 NL 

Pseudalmenus chlorinda zephyrus 35 5 5 NL 

Nesolycaena albosericea 38 5 5 NL 

Pantoporia consimilis 17 5 5 NL 

Nacaduba cyanea 56 5 5 NL 

Mynes geoffroyi 32 5 5 NL 

Telicota anisodesma 45 5 5 NL 

Theclinesthes sulpitius 54 5 5 NL 

Trapezites lutea 112 6 2 NL 

Parnara bada 49 6 4 NL 

Ogyris zosine 149 6 4 NL 

Philiris diana 12 6 5 NL 

Paralucia pyrodiscus 173 7 4 NL 

Ogyris otanes 40 7 5 NL 

Hesperilla malindeva 80 7 5 NL 

Lucia limbaria 92 8 5 NL 

Theclinesthes albocincta 47 8 5 NL 

Jalmenus ictinus 149 10 4 NL 

80

Land snails (Pulmonata) 

The ANHAT database has 43124 records for 1914 species and subspecies of land snails. Of 

these, 135 species account for almost 50% of the total species records in ANHAT. These 

species have over 70 records each and are identified in Table 56. Given snails do not 

generally have a high-profile among the public, this is a relatively extensive list of species 

with a reasonable number of records. 

Table 56 Land snail species that account for almost 50% of the total species records in 

ANHAT. 


Helicarionidae sq 3 74 0.17 

Rhytididae sq 3 75 0.17 

Bothriembryon sayi 75 0.17 

Bothriembryon kendricki 76 0.18 

Meridolum sn 18 76 0.18 

Pleuroxia elfina 77 0.18 

Sinumelon perinflata 77 0.18 

Sinumelon dulcensis 77 0.18 

Neveritis aridorum 78 0.18 

Planilaoma luckmanii 78 0.18 

Pedinogyra rotabilis 79 0.18 

Punctidae mv 1 79 0.18 

Pupillidae mv 1 79 0.18 

Rhytididae mv 7 79 0.18 

Nitor subrugata 80 0.19 

Sphaerospira informis 81 0.19 

Fastosarion freycineti 81 0.19 

Hadra webbi 82 0.19 

Pleuroxia oligopleura 82 0.19 

Sphaerospira incei lessoni 83 0.19 

Tarocystis fulva 83 0.19 

Sphaerospira yulei 83 0.19 

Tolgachloritis jacksoni 83 0.19 

Fastosarion brazieri 84 0.19 

Amimopina macleayi 84 0.19 

Rhytididae sq 8 86 0.20 

Lacustrelix eyrie 86 0.20 

Helicarionidae cy 8 87 0.20 

Victaphanta compacta 87 0.20 

Parmacochlea fischeri 88 0.20 

Gastrocopta stupefaciens 89 0.21 

Mulathena fordei 89 0.21 

Sinumelon expositum 91 0.21 

Fastosarion aquila 93 0.22 

Helicarionidae br 5 93 0.22 

Decoriropa lirata 93 0.22 

Turrisitala normalis 93 0.22 

81

Laomavix collisi 94 0.22 

Gastrocopta margaretae 95 0.22 

Rhytididae ne 4 96 0.22 

Galadistes ne 15 97 0.22 

*Austrochloritis location 138 97 0.22 

Amplirhagada percita 98 0.23 

Amplirhagada burnerensis 100 0.23 

Austrochloritis victoriae 100 0.23 

Saladelos commixta 101 0.23 

Victaphanta lampra 101 0.23 

Meridolum middenense 103 0.24 

Glyptopupoides egregia 103 0.24 

Coneuplecta microconus 105 0.24 

Bothriembryon distinctus 106 0.25 

Gastrocopta strangeana 107 0.25 

Hedleyoconcha delta 107 0.25 

Pupilla australis 107 0.25 

Strangesta sheridani 108 0.25 

Gastrocopta macdonnelli 109 0.25 

Sinumelon pedasum 109 0.25 

Amplirhagada napierana 110 0.26 

Rhagada convicta 110 0.26 

Elsothera ricei 112 0.26 

Pleuroxia phillipsiana 112 0.26 

Ramogenia challengeri 112 0.26 

Galadistes liverpoolensis 113 0.26 

Gyrocochlea planorbis 113 0.26 

Semotrachia setigera 114 0.26 

Magilaoma penolensis 115 0.27 

Meridolum gilberti 118 0.27 

Tarocystis responsivus 119 0.28 

Tasmaphena sinclairi 120 0.28 

Cystopelta petterdi 123 0.29 

Xanthomelon obliquirugosa 123 0.29 

Thersites mitchellae 125 0.29 

Gloreugenia hedleyi 127 0.29 

Saladelos macquariensis 128 0.30 

Sphaerospira appendiculate 129 0.30 

Gnarosophia bellendenkerensis 130 0.30 

Saladelos dulcis 132 0.31 

Meridolum ne 16 132 0.31 

Xanthomelon durvillii 133 0.31 

Pumilicopta kessneri 136 0.32 

Nitor medioximus 136 0.32 

Pernagera officeri 138 0.32 

Nitor pudibunda 138 0.32 

Nautiliropa omicron 139 0.32 

Wilhelminaia mathildae 141 0.33 

Hadra bipartite 141 0.33 

Nesopupa mooreana 144 0.33 

82

Pupisoma orcula 145 0.34 

Pupoides adelaidae 147 0.34 

Thersites novaehollandiae 147 0.34 

Coenocharopa multiradiata 148 0.34 

Sinumelon aversum 152 0.35 

Coneuplecta calculosa 155 0.36 

Tornatellinops jacksonensis 156 0.36 

Bothriembryon bulla 158 0.37 

Lamellaxis clavulinus 160 0.37 

Sphaerospira blomfieldi 164 0.38 

Strangesta franklandiensis 164 0.38 

Pleuroxia adcockiana 164 0.38 

Pupisoma circumlitum 167 0.39 

Neveritis misella 167 0.39 

Pernagera kingstonensis 176 0.41 

Trachiopsis mucosa 183 0.42 

Elsothera sericatula 185 0.43 

Fastosarion virens 190 0.44 

Liardetia scandens 199 0.46 

Helicarion mastersi 207 0.48 

Sinumelon nullarboricum 212 0.49 

Rhytididae mv 3 215 0.50 

Thryasona diemenensis 219 0.51 

Hedleyella falconeri 220 0.51 

Triboniophorus graeffei 236 0.55 

Pumilicopta bifurcata 237 0.55 

Helicarion cuvieri 238 0.55 

Bothriembryon barrette 255 0.59 

Iotula microcosmos 264 0.61 

Gastrocopta pediculus 273 0.63 

Succinea australis 274 0.64 

Discocharopa aperta 283 0.66 

Westracystis lissus 287 0.67 

Caryodes dufresnii 296 0.69 

Sphaerospira fraseri 315 0.73 

Elsothera funereal 319 0.74 

Eremopeas interioris 321 0.74 

Bothriembryon dux 332 0.77 

Anoglypta launcestonensis 332 0.77 

Stenacapha hamiltoni 360 0.83 

Sphaerospira challisi 366 0.85 

Stenopylis coarctate 370 0.86 

Pupoides pacificus 417 0.97 

Austrorhytida capillacea 538 1.25 

Xanthomelon pachystylum 547 1.27 

Eremopeas tuckeri 562 1.30 

Meridolum corneovirens 620 1.44 

Paralaoma caputspinulae 637 1.48 

Total 21745 50.45 

83

Whilst there are a number of species of land snails with a relatively large number of records 

available for them, the reality is that most species have very few records available by which 

to assess their representation in the NRS. One thousand, one hundred and eighty seven land 

snails had 10 or fewer individual site records in the ANHAT database and so are not able to 

be practically assessed (Table 57). Furthermore, for many of these species, the information 

is so poor, it is impossible to assign them a preferred habitat. In many instances, the snail is 

known only by a reference number and relatively few specimens. Information on the 

habitats in which they were collected is not available, nor are there any observations of their 

habits. In this case, only very broad assumptions can be made about their requirements and 

any assessments made with due caution. There are so many species present in this group that 

essentially all areas of Australia are covered and it is not reasonably practical to point to any 

trends in the data. The presence of large highly localised radiations in particular genera also 

means that the species are highly localised and so are not likely or even able to provide large 

numbers of site records. Hence, the apparently large numbers of poorly recorded snails for a 

particular region (e.g. Kimberley) may not represent as an important region of poorly 

collected species as apparent (although it still can not be ignored). The listed snails 

encompass a broad range of habitats, but species dependent on rocky sites are present in 

larger numbers than may be anticipated. Species present in arid or semi-arid areas in 

particular are dependent on such sites and are likely to be highly endemic where rocky areas 

are isolated. 

Table 57 Land snail species with 10 or fewer individual record sites in the ANHAT 

database. 

Species 

No. 

Records 


NRS Location 

Veg 

type 

Area 

(km 2 ) 

EPBC 

status 

76 novae 1 0.0 100 NL 

761 novae 1 0.0 100 NL 

84 novae 1 0.0 100 NL 

Allocharopa erskinensis 1 100.0 SE For 300 NL 

Amphidromus cognatus 1 0.0 NC WL 100 NL 

Amplirhagada 22 1 0.0 NW RH 100 NL 







Amplirhagada alta 1 0.0 NW RH 100 NL 

Amplirhagada constricta 1 0.0 NW 100 NL 

Amplirhagada hc 1 1 0.0 NW 100 NL 

Auriculastra nevillei 1 0.0 NE 100 NL 

Austrochloritis br 2 1 0.0 EC 100 NL 

Austrochloritis mv 9 1 0.0 RF 100 NL 

Austrochloritis nn 4 1 0.0 EC For 100 NL 

Austrochloritis vc 3 1 100.0 EC For 100 NL 

*Bothriembryon location 5 1 100.0 SW RH 100 NL 

Bothriembryon aff barretti 1 0.0 SW RH 100 NL 

Bothriembryon attenuata 1 100.0 SW RH 100 NL 

84

*Bothriembryon location 6b 1 0.0 SW RH 100 NL 

*Bothriembryon location 6c 1 0.0 SW RH 100 NL 

Bothriembryon brugieri 1 0.0 SW RH 100 NL 

Bothriembryon c.f. colutleyi 1 100.0 SW RH 100 NL 

Bothriembryon cf sayi 1 100.0 SW RH 100 NL 

Bothriembryon coalseam 1 100.0 SW RH 100 NL 






Bothriembryon gratwicki cf. 1 0.0 SW RH 100 NL 

Bothriembryon 

hamersleyensis 1 100.0 NWI RH 100 NL 

*Bothriembryon location 21 1 0.0 NWI RH 100 NL 



Bothriembryon irwin 1 0.0 SW RH 100 NL 

Bothriembryon kojonup 1 0.0 SW RH 100 NL 

*Bothriembryon location 26 1 100.0 SWI RH 100 NL 




Bothriembryon perobesus cf. 1 0.0 SW RH 100 NL 

Bothriembryon revectus cf. 1 0.0 SW SL 100 NL 


Camaenidae 3 1 0.0 200 NL 

Camaenidae bl 37 1 0.0 ECI 100 NL 




Camaenidae br 6 1 0.0 EC 100 NL 


Camaenidae cy 11 1 0.0 NE 100 NL 


Camaenidae mq 1 1 100.0 NE 100 NL 


Camaenidae ne 14 1 0.0 EC 200 NL 


Camaenidae nn 2 1 100.0 ECI 100 NL 





Camaenidae sn 11 1 100.0 EC 100 NL 




Camaenidae sq 12 1 0.0 EC 100 NL 


85


Camaenidae st 21 1 100.0 SE 100 NL 

Camaenidae wt 8 1 100.0 NE 100 NL 

Cassidula aurisfelis 1 100.0 NW Littoral 100 NL 

Cassidula cf granulosa 1 0.0 SE Littoral 100 NL 

Cassidula cf truncata 1 0.0 N Littoral 100 NL 

Cassidula doliolum 1 0.0 NE-NE Littoral 200 NL 

Charopidae bl 1 1 100.0 ECI 200 NL 











Charopidae br 19 1 0.0 EC 100 NL 








Charopidae cy 1 1 0.0 NE 100 NL 




Charopidae eu 3 1 0.0 NE 200 NL 


Charopidae mq 16 1 0.0 NE 100 NL 

Charopidae mv 10 1 100.0 EC 100 NL 







Charopidae ne 12 1 0.0 EC 100 NL 






Charopidae nn 10 1 100.0 CEI 100 NL 




86


Charopidae sn 20 1 0.0 EC 100 NL 




Charopidae sp b 1 100.0 NC 100 NL 

Charopidae sq 35 1 100.0 EC 200 NL 








Charopidae st 1 1 100.0 SE 100 NL 








Charopidae wt 12 1 100.0 NE 100 NL 























Coricudgia wollemiana 1 0.0 EC For 100 NL 

Cupedora bitaeniatus 1 0.0 SC RH 100 NL 

Cupedora cooperi 1 0.0 SCI RH 900 NL 

Cylindrotis quadrasi 1 0.0 NC 

Littoral 

? 200 NL 

87

Cystopeltidae nn 1 1 0.0 ECI 100 NL 

Cystopeltidae sn 1 1 0.0 EC 100 NL 

Damochlora 41 1 0.0 NW RH 100 NL 


Delinitesta gayndahensis 1 0.0 NE For 400 NL 

Dentherona aff tasmaniae 1 0.0 Tas WL 100 NL 

Dipnelix pertricosa 1 100.0 SC Sl 400 NL 

Echotrida sq 1 1 100.0 EC 100 NL 

Elasmias pressus 1 0.0 NC? For 100 NL 

Epinicium restifer 1 100.0 SWI WL 100 NL 

Exiligada qualis 1 0.0 NW RH 100 NL 

Expocystis 2 1 0.0 EC? 100 NL 

Fastosarion bullaceus 1 100.0 NE For 100 NL 

Fastosarion strangei 1 0.0 EC For 400 NL 

Galadistes stutschburyi 1 0.0 EC For 200 NL 

Gastrocopta aff. adelaidae 1 0.0 SC 100 NL 

Gastrocopta recondita 1 0.0 NC RH 100 NL 

Glyptorhagada bunyerooana 1 100.0 SC RH 100 NL 

Glyptorhagada pecuniosa 1 100.0 SCI RH 100 NL 

Gratilaoma cara 1 100.0 SW WL 200 NL 

Greenwoodoconcha nux 1 0.0 Norfolk Is. WL 200 NL 

Gyrocochlea aff. prava 1 0.0 EC For 100 NL 

Hedleyella whitei 1 0.0 NE For 100 NL 

Hedleyropa 

yarrangobillyensis 1 0.0 SE RH 100 NL 

Helicarion strangei 1 0.0 SE? For? 200 NL 

Helicarionidae bl 13 1 100.0 ECI 100 NL 




Helicarionidae cc 1 1 0.0 NEI 100 NL 

Helicarionidae cy 7 1 0.0 NE 100 NL 

Helicarionidae eu 4 1 100.0 NE 100 NL 

Helicarionidae mq 14 1 0.0 NE 100 NL 



Helicarionidae mv 6 1 0.0 EC 100 NL 

Helicarionidae nn 11 1 0.0 ECI 100 NL 


Helicarionidae sn 5 1 100.0 EC 100 NL 


Helicarionidae sq 10 1 0.0 EC 100 NL 

Helicarionidae st 1 1 0.0 SE 100 NL 

Helicarionidae wt 28 1 100.0 NE 100 NL 


Insullaoma predicta 1 100.0 SW For 200 NL 

Laemodonta octanfracta 1 100.0 Aus Man 600 NL 

Laemodonta punctigera 1 100.0 EC Man 100 NL 

Lenwebbia paluma 1 100.0 NE For 100 NL 

Liardetia sculpta 1 0.0 100 NL 

88

Luinodiscus sublesta 1 0.0 SE WL 200 NL 

Melampus fasciatus 1 0.0 NC-NE Littoral 100 NL 

Melampus flavus 1 0.0 Littoral 100 NL 

Melampus granifer 1 100.0 NW, NE Littoral 100 NL 

Ningbingia laurina? 1 0.0 NW RH 100 NL 

Noctepuna poiretiana 1 0.0 NE RF 400 NL 

Ophicardelus sulcatus 1 0.0 SE Wet 300 NL 

Paralaoma predicta 1 100.0 ? 100 NL 

Paralaoma retinoides 1 100.0 NC SL 200 NL 

Paralaoma sn 1 1 0.0 EC 100 NL 

Parmacochlea semoni 1 0.0 NE For 100 NL 

Pernagera albolabris 1 0.0 100 NL 

Pillomena a 1 100.0 100 NL 

Pilsbrycharopa tumida 1 0.0 NE WL 100 NL 

Pleuroxia truca 1 100.0 CI RH 100 NL 

Pravonitor cy 13 1 0.0 NE For 100 NL 

Punctidae bl 1 1 0.0 ECI 100 NL 

Punctidae mq 1 1 0.0 NE 100 NL 

Punctidae nn 1 1 100.0 ECI 100 NL 

Punctidae st 4 1 100. SE 100 NL 

Punctidae st 5 1 100.0 SE 100 NL 

Punctidae wt 1 1 0.00 NE 100 NL 

Pupillidae wt 2 1 100.0 NE 100 NL 

Pupisoma novae 1 100.0 100 NL 

Quistrachia 1984 1 0.00 NW 100 NL 

Quistrachia gc 1 0.00 NC 100 NL 

Quistrachia herbertana 1 100.0 NW 100 NL 

*Quistrachia location 6 1 100.0 NW 100 NL 

Rhagada 1 1 0.00 NW RH 300 NL 

Rhagada aff. construa 1 0.00 NW RH 100 NL 

Rhophodon colmani 1 0.00 EC For 100 NL 

Rhophodon f 1 100.0 EC For 100 NL 

Rhytididae bl 6 1 100.0 ECI 100 NL 

Rhytididae mq 3 1 100.0 NE 100 NL 

Rhytididae wt 7 1 0.00 NE 100 NL 

Roblinella aff. mathinnae 1 100.0 Tas For 100 NL 

Roblinella meehan 1 0.0 Tas For 100 NL 

*Roblinella location 42a 1 0.0 EC For 100 NL 

Semotrachia sr 1 1 0.0 CI RH 100 NL 

Semotrachia st 1 1 0.0 CI RH 100 NL 

Setobaudinia 2 1 0.0 NW RH 100 NL 




Sharniropa borenorensis 1 0.0 EC RH 100 NL 

Sinployea intermedia 1 0.0 100 NL 

Sinumelon hortulana 1 0.0 CI RH 100 NL 

Sinumelon olgana 1 100.0 CI RH 100 NL 

Sinumelon simulante 1 0.0 SEI RH 100 NL 

Sphaerospira whartoni 1 0.0 Holbourne Is. WL 400 NL 

89

Spurlingia gemma ? 1 0.0 NE For 100 NL 

Stenacapha d 1 100.0 Tas For 100 NL 

Steorra dougsparkesi 1 0.0 100 NL 

Steorra estherlilleyae 1 0.0 200 NL 

Steorra montstuartensis 1 0.0 100 NL 

Strangesta sanguinolenta 1 0.0 SE For 100 NL 

Strepsitaurus milyeringus 1 100.0 WC RH 100 NL 

Succinea caurina 1 0.0 100 NL 

Succinea contenta 1 0.0 SW SL, Wet 100 NL 

Tasmaphena helmsiana 1 0.0 SE WL 300 NL 

Thersites theses 1 0.0 EC RF, For 100 NL 

Torresitrachia 46 1 0.0 NW RH 200 NL 


Torresitrachia blackiana 1 0.0 NW RH 200 NL 

Torresitrachia cc 1 1 0.0 NW RH 100 NL 

Torresitrachia rfs 1 100.0 NW RH 100 NL 

Trocholaoma ninguicola 1 0.0 SE For 100 NL 

Trocholaoma spiceri 1 100.0 Tas For NL 

Allocharopa macgregor 2 0.0 SE For 200 NL 

Allocharopa okeana 2 0.0 SE, Mon WL 500 NL 

*Allocharopa location 2 2 100.0 SE For 200 NL 



















Amplirhagada 

cambridgensis 2 0.0 NW RH 100 NL 

Amplirhagada percita 

ignora 2 0.0 NW RH 200 NL 

Austrochloritis ne 3 2 0.0 NE For 200 NL 

Austrochloritis sn 23 2 0.0 EC For 100 NL 

Austrorhytida otwayensis 2 0.0 SE For 100 NL 

Bothriembryon 1976 2 50.0 SW RH 300 NL 

*Bothriembryon location 6a 2 0.0 SC RH 200 NL 


Bothriembryon decresensis 2 0.0 SW RH 200 NL 

90


Bothriembryon gratwicki 2 50.0 SW RH 800 NL 

Bothriembryon maxwelli 2 100.0 SW RH 200 NL 

Bothriembryon minor 2 50.0 SW RH 200 NL 





Bothriembryon novae 2 50.0 SW RH 200 NL 

Bothriembryon praecelsus 

cf. 2 0.0 SW RH 200 NL 

Bothriembryon rothsay 2 0.0 SW RH 300 NL 













Camaenidae eu 1 2 0.0 NE 100 NL 



Camaenidae gc 1 2 0.0 NC 100 NL 

Camaenidae mv 13 2 100.0 EC 100 NL 









Camaenidae vc 2 2 50.0 SE 200 NL 













91
























Charopidae sp f 2 100.0 NC 200 NL 



























92











Craterodiscus pricei 2 100.0 NE For 100 NL 

Cristilabrum 1990 2 0.0 NW RH 100 NL 

Cucullarion parkini 2 0.0 EC For 200 NL 

Cupedora nottensis 2 0.0 SC RH 100 NL 



Danielleilona multicostata 2 0.0 NE, Mon For 100 NL 

WL, 

RH 100 NL 

Discomelon ne 24 2 0.0 SEI 

Echonitor albumenoidea 2 0.0 SC RH 500 NL 

Egilomen cochlidium 2 50.0 NC For 300 NL 

Elsothera murrayana 2 0.0 SC WL 800 NL 

Elsothera submurrayana 2 0.0 EC For 200 NL 

WL, 

RH 200 NL 

Galadistes bourkensis 2 0.0 ECI 

Gastrocopta margaretae 

pilbarana 2 0.0 WC RH 100 NL 

Gastrocopta servilis 2 0.0 N Gen 400 NL 

Gastrocopta tatei 2 0.0 CI RH 300 NL 

Geminoropa a 2 0.0 Tas? For? 300 NL 

Glyptorhagada carinata 2 50.0 SC RH 400 NL 

Glyptorhagada 

tattawuppana 2 0.0 SC RH 100 NL 

Glyptorhagada wilkawillina 2 50.0 SC, SCI RH 300 NL 

Glyptorhagada wilkawillina 

wilkawillina 2 100.0 SC, SCI RH 400 NL 

Granulomelon mc 1 2 0.0 CI RH 200 NL 

Hadra funiculata 2 0.0 Torres St. RF 1000 NL 

Helicarion hyalinus 2 50.0 EC For 200 NL 







Helicarionidae ne 3 2 100.0 EC 100 NL 





93



Kimboraga 11 2 0.0 NW RH 100 NL 

Lacustrelix yerelinana 2 0.0 SCI RH 500 NL 

Letomola barrenensis 2 100.0 Tas Sl 300 NL 

Liardetia doliolum 2 0.0 NC-NE SL 400 NL 

Macrophallikaropa 

stenoumbilicata 2 0.0 Tas For 100 NL 

Magilaoma a 2 100.0 SE? WL? 200 NL 

Meridolum sn 14 2 100.0 EC For 100 NL 

Montanomelon angatjana 2 0.0 CI RH 100 NL 

Mulathena a 2 50.0 Tas For 300 NL 

Mulathena b 2 100.0 Tas For 200 NL 

Mussonula fallax 2 50.0 EC For 400 NL 

Mysticarion hyalina 2 50.0 EC For 200 NL 

Noctepuna poiretiana 

clenchi 2 0.0 NE RF, For 200 NL 

Pillomena otwayensis 2 100.0 SE For 100 NL 

Pleuroxia a 2 0.0 RH 100 NL 

Pleuroxia commenta 2 0.0 SCI RH 500 NL 

Pleuroxia italowiana 2 100.0 SCI RH 400 NL 

Pleuroxia mawsoni 2 50.0 SCI RH 400 NL 

Pravonitor cy 8 2 50.0 NE For 200 NL 

Punctidae sn 2 2 0.0 EC 100 NL 


Pythia undata 2 50.0 Man 300 NL 

Retroterra 9 2 0.0 NW For 200 NL 

Rhagada 2 2 0.0 NW RH 300 NL 

Rhophodon elizabethae 2 50.0 EC For 200 NL 



Rhytididae mv 4 2 100.0 EC 100 NL 


Rhytididae nn 1 2 0.0 EC 100 NL 


Roblinella a 2 0.0 Tas For 200 NL 

Semotrachia cr 1 2 0.0 CI RH 200 NL 

Semotrachia discoidea 2 0.0 SC RH 200 NL 

Semotrachia fr 1 2 0.0 CI RH 200 NL 

Semotrachia huckittana 2 100.0 CI RH 100 NL 








Setomedea nudicostata 2 100.0 NE For 100 NL 

Sinumelon cooperi 2 0.0 SC RH 500 NL 

Sinumelon flindersi? 2 100.0 SC RH 200 NL 

94

Sinumelon hullanum 2 0.0 NCI RH 200 NL 

Sinumelon marshalli 2 0.0 NEI RH 200 NL 

Stenacapha vitriniformis 2 100.0 Tas For 200 NL 

Succineidae cy 1 2 0.0 NE 200 NL 

Succineidae gc 1 2 0.0 NC 200 NL 

Trocholaoma a 2 100.0 100 NL 

Trochomorpha melvillensis 2 0.0 Melville Is. For 200 NL 

Victaphanta a 2 100.0 SE? For 100 NL 

Zachrysia provisoria 2 100.0 Introduced Gen 100 NL 

*Allocharopa location 1 3 0.0 SE WL 300 NL 




Amplirhagada alta 

intermedia 3 0.0 NW RH 400 NL 

Amplirhagada burrowsena 3 0.0 NW RH 200 NL 

Austrochloritis astaeus 3 66.7 NE For 400 NL 




Baudinella 8 3 0.0 NW RH 200 NL 

*Bothriembryon location 16 3 0.0 SW SL 600 NL 




Bothriembryon praecelsus 3 33.3 SW RH 500 NL 

























95










































Cralopa kaputarensis 3 66.7 EC-SE For 200 NL 

Cystopelta nn 1 3 66.7 ECI 300 NL 

Cystopeltidae nn 2 3 33.3 ECI 300 NL 

Damochlora millepunctata 3 0.0 NW RH 200 NL 

Eclipsena elleryi 3 66.7 NE 500 NL 

Fastosarion aquavitae 3 0.0 NE For 400 NL 

Glyptorhagada 2 3 0.0 SC 300 NL 

Glyptorhagada euglypta 3 0.0 SCI SL, RH 400 NL 

Glyptorhagada wilkawillina 3 0.0 SC, SCI RH 400 NL 

96

umbillicata 

Gyrocochlea convoluta 3 33.3 EC For 400 NL 

Helicarion porrectus 3 66.7 EC For 200 NL 






Helicarionidae eu 5 3 0.0 NE 400 NL 










Melampus cf castaneus 3 0.0 NW-NE Littoral 300 NL 

Melocystis exclusus 3 33.3 EC For 200 NL 

Mysticarion leucospira 3 0.0 EC For 200 NL 

Ngairea levicostata 3 100.0 EC For 200 NL 

Pasmaditta jungermanniae 3 0.0 Tas WL 300 NL 

Pedicamista a 3 33.3 Tas WL 300 NL 

Pernagera lena 3 100.0 SW WL 300 NL 

Pleuroxia abstans 3 66.7 WC RH 200 NL 

Pleuroxia carmeena 3 0.0 SCI RH 200 NL 

Pleuroxia musga 3 0.0 SCI RH 300 NL 

Punctidae bl 2 3 100.0 ECI 200 NL 

Punctidae ne 1 3 66.7 ECI 300 NL 

Pupilla ficulnea 3 33.3 NCI RH 400 NL 

Pupillidae st 1 3 66.7 SE 300 NL 

Pupillidae wt 1 3 66.7 NE 300 NL 

Rhachistia histrio 3 33.3 NE For 1000 NL 

Rhagada crystalla 3 0.0 NW RH 200 NL 

Rhophodon paucidentata 3 100.0 EC For 200 NL 


Rhytididae cy 2 3 33.3 NE 200 NL 

Rhytididae sq 1 3 33.3 EC 300 NL 



Semotrachia illarana 3 0.0 CI RH 200 NL 

Semotrachia illbilleeana 3 0.0 CI RH 100 NL 

Semotrachia jinkana 3 0.0 CI RH 100 NL 

Semotrachia mannensis 3 0.0 SCI RH 200 NL 



Sinumelon schevilli 3 0.0 CI RH 400 NL 

Sphaerospira mossmani 3 33.3 NE 200 NL 

Stenacapha b 3 0.0 Tas For 300 NL 

97

Steorra hannahrichardsae 3 33.3 300 NL 

Strangesta strangei 3 0.0 EC For 2100 NL 

Succineidae mv 1 3 0.0 EC 200 NL 

Tatemelon inexpectatum 3 0.0 SC RH 200 NL 

For, 

WL 200 NL 

Thryasona aff. diemenensis 3 33.3 Tas 


Triboniophorus sn 1 3 33.3 EC 200 NL 

4a novae 4 75.0 300 NL 




Amplirhagada combeana 4 0.0 Cassini Is. RH 100 NL 

Amplirhagada katerana 4 0.0 NW WL, SL 500 NL 



Austrochloritis nundinalis 4 0.0 EC For 300 NL 

Austrochloritis pusilla 4 50.0 NE For 500 NL 

Basedowena olgana 4 75.0 CI RH 200 NL 

Baudinella 7 4 50.0 NW RH 200 NL 



*Bothriembryon location 

26a 4 0.0 SW RH 200 NL 



0. 

00 ECI 400 NL 

Camaenidae bl 22 4 









Camaenidae cc 1 4 0.0 NEI 500 NL 














98
























Charopidae sp e 4 25.0 NC 400 NL 






















Cristilabrum kessneri 4 25.0 NW RH 300 NL 

Cristilabrum rectum 4 0.0 NW RH 100 NL 

Cupedora marcidum 4 0.0 SWI RH 500 NL 

Cystopelta astra 4 75.0 SE WL 400 NL 

Diphyropa macleayana 4 50.0 400 NL 

99

Divellomelon hillieri 4 0.0 NCI RH 300 NL 

Galadistes marcescens 4 0.0 EC For 600 NL 

Galadistes st 6 4 0.0 SE 300 NL 

Gyliotrachela catherina 4 25.0 NC RH 300 NL 

Gyliotrachela napierana 4 0.0 NW RH 400 NL 

For, 

WL 400 NL 

Helicarion freycineti 4 50.0 EC 











Kimboraga 12 4 0.0 NW RH 200 NL 

Kimboraga yampiensis 4 0.0 NW Gen 700 NL 

Macrophallikaropa 

depressispira 4 100.0 Tas For 200 NL 

Meridolum ne 21 4 0.0 EC For 400 NL 

Mesodontrachia desmonda 4 0.0 NW RH 200 NL 

Nesopupa novopommerana 4 25.0 NC For 400 NL 

Offachloritis dryanderensis 4 25.0 NE For 200 NL 

Pedicamista coesus 4 75.0 Tas WL 700 NL 

For, 

WL 700 NL 

Pernagera albanensis 4 100.0 SW 

Pleuroxia arcigerens 4 0.0 SCI RH 1100 NL 

Posorites turneri 4 75.0 EC For 400 NL 

Prolesophanta a 4 75.0 Tas? For 200 NL 

Pupillidae mv 2 4 50.0 EC 400 NL 

Pupoides lepidulus 4 0.0 NW RH 400 NL 

Rhagada dampierana 4 100.0 NW RH 200 NL 

Rhagada minima 4 100.0 NW RH 300 NL 

Rhagada plicata 4 50.0 Montebello Is. RH 300 NL 



Semotrachia strangwayana 4 25.0 CI RH 200 NL 

Setobaudinia pagoana 4 0.0 NW RH 300 NL 

Wet, 

RH 200 NL 

Setobaudinia victoriana 4 0.0 NW 

Sphaerospira bellaria 4 100.0 NE 500 NL 

Sphaerospira bencarlessi 4 50.0 NE 200 NL 

Sphaerospira mulgravensis 4 50.0 NE 600 NL 

Steorra jimfergusoni 4 50.0 400 NL 

Strangesta harriettae 4 75.0 400 NL 

Theskelomensor creon 4 75.0 NE For 400 NL 


Torresitrachia thedana 4 0.0 NW RH 400 NL 

100

Westraltrachia ascita 4 0.0 NW RH 200 NL 

Westraltrachia porcata 4 0.0 NW RH 200 NL 

Westraltrachia subtila 4 25.0 NW RH 200 NL 

Xanthomelon rfs 4 25.0 N RH 400 NL 


Amplirhagada alta alta 5 0.0 NW RH 300 NL 

Amplirhagada astuta 5 0.0 Koolan Is. RH 100 NL 

Amplirhagada 

montalivetensis 5 0.0 

West 

Montalivet Is. 300 NL 






Bothriembryon irvineanus 5 0.0 SW SL 200 NL 

*Bothriembryon location 

26b 5 20.0 SW RH 500 NL 

















Cassidula nucleus 5 60.0 NE-EC Littoral 500 NL 

Cassidula rugata 5 40.0 N Littoral 1000 NL 















Charopidae sp c 5 40.0 NC 300 NL 

101













Cristilabrum bilarnium 5 0.0 NW RH 300 NL 

Cystopeltidae st 1 5 40.0 SE 300 NL 

Discocharopa ? novae 5 20.0 ? 300 NL 

Echonitor cyrtochila 5 40.0 SC RH 1300 NL 

Fastosarion robusta 5 0.0 EC For 600 NL 

Galadistes ne 22 5 0.0 EC 500 NL 

Galadistes st 7 5 20.0 SE 500 NL 

Glyptorhagada 1 5 80.0 SC 100 NL 





Iotula kempseyensis 5 40.0 EC For 500 NL 

Laemodonta typica 5 20.0 EC Man 600 NL 

For, 

WL 500 NL 

Meridolum bennetti 5 20.0 ECI 

Mesodontrachia 

cockburnensis 5 0.0 NW RH 300 NL 

Monteithosites 

helicostracum 5 20.0 NE For 400 NL 

Ningbingia australis 

elongata 5 0.0 NW RH 100 NL 

Oreokera nimbus 5 100.0 NE, Mon For 200 NL 

Oreomava otwayensis 5 40.0 SE For 1800 NL 

Pernagera waterfall 5 20.0 ? ? 300 NL 

Pillomena marysvillensis 5 40.0 SE For 700 NL 

Plectorhagada meilgana 5 0.0 WC RH 500 NL 

Punctidae eu 1 5 20.0 NE 400 NL 

Punctidae mq 2 5 60.0 NE 600 NL 

Pupillidae bl 1 5 20.0 ECI 500 NL 

Rhagada aff. dringi 5 0.0 NW RH 500 NL 

Rhagada cygna 5 0.0 NW RH 500 NL 

Rhagada intermedia 5 80.0 NW RH 400 NL 

Rhagada mimika 5 0.0 NW RH 600 NL 

Rhophodon peregrinus 5 40.0 EC RF, For 600 NL 

Rhytididae sn 3 5 20.0 EC 400 NL 

Semotrachia filixiana 5 20.0 CI RH 400 NL 

Semotrachia minuta 5 0.0 CI RH 200 NL 

102

Semotrachia runutjirbana 5 100.0 CI RH 100 NL 

Sinumelon finitinum 5 0.0 SEI RH 500 NL 

Steorra tomsoni 5 40.0 300 NL 

Succinea sn 1 5 0.0 EC 500 NL 

Tasmaphena a 5 20.0 500 NL 

For, 

WL 400 NL 

Thryasona a 5 80.0 Tas? 


Triboniophorus nn 1 5 20.0 ECI 400 NL 

Vidumelon wattii 5 20.0 CI RH 200 NL 

Westralaoma aprica 5 20.0 SW SL 300 NL 

Westraltrachia instita 5 60.0 NW RH 500 NL 

Allocharopa brazieri 6 83.3 EC For 700 NL 


Auriculastra subula 6 0.0 NE Littoral 500 NL 

Austrochloritis br 3 6 33.3 EC 500 NL 




Austrochloritis nn 3 6 16.7 EC For 500 NL 




























Cooperconcha centralis 6 50.0 SCI RH 400 NL 

Cupedora yappalana 6 0.0 SC RH 600 NL 

Dirutrachia sublevata 6 0.0 CI RH 1100 NL 

103

Elsothera a 6 66.7 EC 600 NL 

Elsothera genithecata 6 66.7 EC For 1000 NL 

Gyrocochlea eurythma 6 0.0 EC For 500 NL 

Hadra wilsoni 6 100.0 NW RH 300 NL 

Hedleyoconcha ailaketoae 6 100.0 NE For 300 NL 


Helicarionidae br 3 6 50.0 EC 200 NL 




Helicarionidae ne 6 6 0.0 EC 600 NL 


Kimboraga yammerana 6 0.0 NW RH 200 NL 

Noctepuna mayana 6 83.3 NE For 600 NL 

Obsteugenia inflecta 6 33.3 NE For 600 NL 

Ordtrachia elegans 6 0.0 NE RH 200 NL 

Paralaoma b 6 33.3 600 NL 

*Pernagera location 4 6 0.0 500 NL 


Man, 

WL 700 NL 

Pythia scarabaeus 6 50.0 NE 

Rhytididae eu 1 6 0.0 NE 300 NL 

Rhytididae ne 1 6 66.7 EC 200 NL 



Roblinella b 6 66.7 Tas WL 400 NL 

Semotrachia winneckeana 6 100.0 CI RH 300 NL 

Sinumelon hamiltoni 6 33.3 CI RH 1100 NL 

Sinumelon subfodinale 6 0.0 SEI RH 800 NL 

Sphaerospira arthuriana 6 83.3 NE WL 500 NL 

Torresitrachia pc 1 6 0.0 NW RH 600 NL 

Westralaoma expicta 6 0.0 SW SL 100 NL 

Amplirhagada questroana 7 0.0 NW WL, SL 300 NL 

For, 

WL 700 NL 

Annoselix dolosa 7 14.3 SW 

Austrochloritis buxtoni 7 0.0 Thursday Is. RF 1100 NL 

Basedowena katjawarana 7 0.0 SCI RH 300 NL 

Bischoffena bischoffensis 7 42.4 Tas For 600 NL 

Bothriembryon angasianus 7 14.3 SC RH 900 NL 

Bothriembryon location 10 7 71.4 SW RH 600 NL 

Bothriembryon location 38 7 42.9 SW RH 400 NL 










104



















Coenocharopa alata 7 71.4 E For 1100 NL 

Cystopeltidae ne 1 7 14.3 EC 500 NL 

Dentherona illustra 7 71.4 SE For 800 NL 

Echotrida sq 4 7 42.9 EC 700 NL 

Elsothera nautilodea 7 0.0 EC For 900 NL 

Elsothera sn 10 7 0.0 EC 200 NL 

Glyptorhagada janaslini 7 42.9 SC, SCI RH 300 NL 

Glyptorhagada umberatana 7 0.0 SCI RH 1000 NL 

Granulomelon arcigerans 7 0.0 CI RH 400 NL 

Granulomelon 

grandituberculata 7 0.0 CI RH 300 NL 

Gyrocochlea conferta 7 0.0 EC For 500 NL 

Gyrocochlea paucilamellata 7 0.0 EC For 300 NL 





Helicarionidae mv 3 7 28.6 EC 600 NL 





Marinula xanthostoma 7 0.0 SW-SE, Tas Wet 1400 NL 

Meliobba shafferyi 7 42.9 NE For 400 NL 

Neveritis interna 7 57.1 ECI WL 600 NL 

Ordtrachia septentrionalis 7 0.0 NE RH 200 NL 

Peloparion submissus 7 57.1 EC For 400 NL 

Quistrachia montebelloensis 7 71.4 Montebello Is. RH 700 NL 

Rhagada elachystoma 7 57.1 NW RH 500 NL 

Rhagada gibbensis 7 0.0 NW RH 200 NL 

Rhagada perprima 7 100.0 NW RH 500 NL 


105

Rhytididae ne 6 7 57.1 EC 500 NL 

Roblinella mathinnae 7 57.1 Tas For 400 NL 

Semotrachia rossana 7 0.0 CI RH 500 NL 

Setobaudinia collingii 7 14.3 NW RH 600 NL 

Sphaerospira mortenseni 7 0.0 NE For 600 NL 


Amplirhagada imitata 8 0.0 NW 700 NL 


Bothriembryon betttie 8 50.0 SW RH 800 NL 

Bothriembryon busseltonbunbury 

8 0.0 SW RH 300 NL 

Bothriembryon jacksoni 8 75.0 SW RH 800 NL 


Bothriembryon spenceri 8 87.5 NC RH 800 NL 





















Coenocharopa 

yessabahensis 8 100.0 EC RH 200 NL 

Cristilabrum buryillum 8 0.0 NW RH 200 NL 

Cystopeltidae mv 1 8 87.5 EC 600 NL 

Dentherona jemmysensis 8 25.0 SE For 1000 NL 

Glyptorhagada silveri 8 0.0 SCI RH 900 NL 

Granulomelon gilleni 8 0.0 CI RH 300 NL 

Gyliotrachela ningbingia 8 0.0 NW RH 500 NL 

Hadra bartschi 8 0.0 NE RF 900 NL 


Ngairea murphyi 8 25.0 SE RF, For 600 NL 

Paralaoma a 8 50.0 1000 NL 

Retroterra 10 8 75.0 NW For 400 NL 

Rhagada millstream 8 100.0 NW RH 100 NL 



106

Rotacharopa annabelli 8 25.0 NE For 800 NL 

Saladelos helmsiana 8 75.0 SE WL 700 NL 

Saladelos urarensis 8 50.0 EC For 400 NL 

Semotrachia caupona 8 0.0 CI RH 100 NL 

Semotrachia emilia 8 75.0 CI RH 200 NL 

Semotrachia hortulana 8 0.0 CI RH 400 NL 

Semotrachia hughana 8 0.0 CI RH 200 NL 

Steorra kirrama 8 75.0 800 NL 

Steorra mourilyani 8 0.0 600 NL 

Westraltrachia lievreana 8 0.0 NW RH 500 NL 

For, 

WL 500 CE 

Adclarkia dawsonensis 9 0.0 ECI 


Arnemelassa creedi 9 44.4 NC ? 1200 NL 

Basedowena cognata 9 77.8 CI RH 400 NL 

Basedowena papulankutjana 9 88.9 CI RH 500 NL 

Baudinella baudinensis 9 0.0 NW RH 400 NL 

Biomphalopa recava 9 66.7 NE For 800 NL 















Cupedora bednalli 9 22.2 SC WL 2900 NL 

Cupedora evandaleana 9 22.2 SC RH 2500 NL 

Cupedora tomsetti 9 77.8 Kangaroo Is. RH 900 NL 

Danielleilona 

marycolliverae 9 88.9 NE, Mon For 300 NL 

Egilomen pexa 9 11.1 EC For 700 NL 



Glyptorhagada duvalae 9 0.0 SC RH 200 NL 






Letomola contortus 9 88.9 EC RH 300 NL 

Miselaoma weldii 9 55.6 SE, Tas For 1000 NL 

Ordtrachia australis 9 0.0 NE RH 500 NL 

Pandofella whitei 9 44.4 NE For 1400 NL 

107

Pupoides contrarius 9 22.2 NW RH 800 NL 

Roblinella agnewi 9 88.9 Tas WL 200 NL 

Roblinella intermedia 9 88.9 EC For 800 NL 

Semotrachia plana 9 0.0 CI RH 600 NL 

Sphaerospira mourilyani 9 22.2 NE For 600 NL 

Spurlingia gemma 9 0.0 NE For 900 NL 

Succineidae br 1 9 11.1 EC 1100 NL 













Chloritisanax banneri 10 60.0 NE 

For, 

WL 1000 NL 

Cystopelta purpurea 10 80.0 SE For 1300 NL 

Eungarion mcdonaldi 10 90.0 NE, Mon For 700 NL 

Flammulops excelsior 10 40.0 SE 

For, 

WL 1400 NL 

Gastrocopta solemorum 10 50.0 NC RH 800 NL 

WL, 

RH 1300 NL 

Glyptorhagada bordaensis 10 90.0 Kangaroo Is. 

Gyrocochlea austera 10 10.0 EC For 1200 NL 







Kendrickia ignivenatus 10 0.0 NW RH 700 NL 

Kimboraga mccorryi 10 0.0 NW RH 400 NL 

Meridolum sn 15 10 30.0 EC For 700 NL 

Micromelon nepouieana 10 10.0 CI RH 400 NL 

Mussonena sq 4 10 10.0 EC 900 NL 

Retroterra parva 10 90.0 NW WL 600 NL 

Rhytididae cy 1 10 20.0 NE 1000 NL 

Rhytididae eu 2 10 30.0 NE 900 NL 

Rhytididae sn 2 10 40.0 EC 700 NL 

Semotrachia basedowi 10 0.0 SCI RH 700 NL 

For, 

WL 1000 NL 

Sphaerospira volgiola 10 0.0 NE 

Spurlingia praehadra 10 0.0 NE For 900 NL 

Steorra mitifica 10 0.0 800 NL 

Strepsitaurus cardabius 10 0.0 WC GrL 800 NL 

108

Succinea sq 1 10 0.0 EC? 1000 NL 

Torresitrachia regula 10 100.0 NW RH 700 NL 

Westraltrachia froggatti 10 80.0 NW RH 200 NL 

Westraltrachia recta 10 0.0 NW RH 500 NL 



than 10 records was 53.2 with a mean of 30.6 for the percent of records in the NRS. Of 

these, 178 species had 45% or greater of individual site records located within The NRS 

(Table 58). This table is dominated by species from eastern Australia, with very few species 

from the western half of the continent being included, especially given their diversity in that 

half of Australia. The species are also far more likely to be from forested environments than 

would be expected given the broad habitat representation in this group. This is indicative of 

the relatively high reservation rate of this environment in eastern Australia. One species, 

Kimboraga micromphala, has all of its records held with the reserve system. Interestingly, 

this species comes from north-western Australia. 

Table 58 Land snail species with >45% of site records within PAs 

No. 

Records 

Records 



NRS 

Veg 

type 

Area 

(km 2 ) 

EPBC 

status 

Species 

Location 

Bothriembryon 

naturalistarum 40 18 45.00 SW SL 1300 NL 

Helicarionidae cy 10 11 5 45.45 NE 1000 NL 

Saladelos nn 3 11 5 45.45 EC For 900 NL 

Rhytididae mv 7 79 36 45.57 EC 4700 NL 

Strangesta confusa 61 28 45.90 NE For 5900 NL 

Sinumelon aversum 152 70 46.05 SC RH 8900 NL 

Bothriembryon jacksoni 

cf. 13 6 46.15 SW RH 800 NL 

Rhophodon 

consobrinus 13 6 46.15 EC For 1000 NL 

Strangesta alpica 13 6 46.15 EC, Mon For 1300 NL 

Pedinogyra allani 26 12 46.15 NE For 2300 NL 

Pallidelix greenhilli 54 25 46.30 NE WL 3500 NL 

Semotrachia elleryi 15 7 46.67 CI RH 600 NL 

Sphaerospira 

sardalabiata 15 7 46.67 NE For 3200 NL 

Austrochloritis 

victoriae 100 47 47.00 EC For 12000 NL 

Cystopelta bicolor 70 33 47.14 Tas For 6400 NL 

Ngairea dorrigoensis 36 17 47.22 EC For 2700 NL 

Caryodes dufresnii 296 140 47.30 Tas For 17700 NL 

Nitor br 7 19 9 47.37 EC For 1500 NL 

Setobaudinia doongana 19 9 47.37 NW WL, 800 NL 

109

RH 

Strangesta bullacea 38 18 47.37 NE-EC For 3500 NL 

Rhytididae br 1 61 29 47.54 EC 4600 NL 

Amplirhagada 

burnerensis burnerensis 21 10 47.62 NW RH 600 NL 

Gyrocochlea planorbis 113 54 47.79 EC For 5800 NL 

Amplirhagada castra 23 11 47.83 NW RF 500 NL 

Posorites conscendens 39 19 48.72 EC For 3300 NL 

Fastosarion brazieri 84 41 48.81 NE For 4500 NL 

Allocharopa legrandi 45 22 48.89 Tas For 4200 NL 

Thersites 

novaehollandiae 147 73 49.66 EC For 9100 NL 

Discocharopa vigens 12 6 50.00 Tas For 1300 NL 

Mouldingia 

occidentalis 12 6 50.00 NW RH 200 NL 

Mussonula verax 12 6 50.00 EC For 1200 NL 

Sphaerospira macleayi 16 8 50.00 NE 

For, 

WL 1200 NL 

Westraltrachia cunicula 16 8 50.00 NW RH 500 NL 

Westraltrachia limbana 24 12 50.00 NW RH 800 NL 

Meridolum mastersi 28 14 50.00 SE 

For, 

WL 2500 NL 

Paralaoma st 2 30 15 50.00 SE 2500 NL 

Helicarionidae mv 1 32 16 50.00 EC 2100 NL 


Hedleyoconcha delta 107 55 51.40 EC RF, For 8500 NL 

Charopidae mv 22 35 18 51.43 EC 1900 NL 

Gyrocochlea prava 35 18 51.43 EC For 2900 NL 


nambucca 97 50 51.55 EC For 5000 NL 

Hedleyella falconeri 220 114 51.82 EC For 13000 NL 

Saladelos bensa 25 13 52.00 NE For 2100 NL 

Bothriembryon sayi 75 39 52.00 SW RH 1600 NL 

Xanthomelon 

ruberpumilio 48 25 52.08 NW RH 3100 NL 

Rhophodon 

bairnsdalensis 21 11 52.38 SE For, SL 2300 NL 

Bothriembryon revectus 17 9 52.94 SW SL 1300 NL 

Pupoides ischnus 17 9 52.94 NW RH 1700 NL 

Helicarion nigra 32 17 53.13 SE 

For, 

WL 7100 NL 

Setomedea seticostata 62 33 53.23 EC For 4000 NL 

Pedinogyra sq 1 15 8 53.33 EC For 900 NL 

Bothriembryon notatus 13 7 53.85 SW RH 1300 NL 

110

Malandena suturalis 63 34 53.97 NE For 3300 NL 

Pygmipanda atomata 70 38 54.29 EC For 4800 NL 

Coneuplecta pampini 11 6 54.55 CI RH 1100 NL 

Quistrachia herberti 11 6 54.55 NW 500 NL 

Saladelos hobsoni 22 12 54.55 NE For 2000 NL 

Westraltrachia 

oscarensis 22 12 54.55 NW RH 600 NL 

Montidelos orcadis 20 11 55.00 EC For 1100 NL 

Victaphanta compacta 87 48 55.17 SE For 2500 NL 

Helicarionidae ne 2 18 10 55.56 EC 800 NL 

Ngairea canaliculata 18 10 55.56 NE For 1200 NL 

Sphaerospira 

rawnesleyi 18 10 55.56 NE 1700 NL 

Torresitrachia 

monticola 45 25 55.56 NW RH 1700 NL 

Melocystis 

circumcincta 70 39 55.71 SE For 4000 NL 

Pernagera 

kingstonensis 176 99 56.25 Tas WL 10700 NL 

Pedinogyra rotabilis 79 45 56.96 EC For 5000 NL 

Helicarion mastersi 207 118 57.00 EC-SE For 9700 NL 

Charopidae br 12 14 8 57.14 EC 1100 NL 

Gyrocochlea sp. 14 8 57.14 EC For 1500 NL 

Strepsitaurus williami 14 8 57.14 WC RH 700 NL 

Bothriembryon 

tasmanicus 42 24 57.14 Tas For 4500 NL 

Sinumelon hawkerana 40 23 57.50 SC-SCI RH 1700 NL 

Baudinella regia 26 15 57.69 NW RH 1200 NL 

Jacksonena rudis 26 15 57.69 NE For 1800 NL 

Camaenidae nn 3 12 7 58.33 ECI 1100 NL 

Charopidae mq 11 12 7 58.33 NE 1000 NL 

Parmavitrina 

planilabris 65 38 58.46 EC For 3700 NL 

Amplirhagada pusilla 17 10 58.82 NW SL 900 NL 

Austrochloritis sn 6 39 23 58.97 EC For 2200 NL 

Cooperconcha 

bunyerooana 49 29 59.18 SCI RH 1700 NL 

Austrochloritis porteri 45 27 60.00 EC For 3200 NL 


Strangesta sheridani 108 66 61.11 NE For 6800 NL 

Austrochloritis ascensa 31 19 61.29 EC For 1400 NL 

Dentherona dispar 44 27 61.36 Tas WL 2900 NL 

Helicarionidae wt 3 57 35 61.40 NE 4300 NL 

Camaenidae wt 7 13 8 61.54 NE 700 NL 

111

Helicarion dispositus 26 16 61.54 EC, Mon For 1400 NL 

Charopidae sp d 21 13 61.90 NC 1300 NL 

Victaphanta milligani 64 40 62.50 Tas For 5400 NL 



Camaenidae sn 20 19 12 63.16 EC 1200 NL 


Rhytididae bl 3 19 12 63.16 ECI 1300 NL 

Ngairea corticicola 38 24 63.16 EC For 2300 NL 


Thersites richmondiana 58 37 63.79 NE 

For, 

WL 3000 NL 

Austrochloritis br 1 14 9 64.29 EC 1100 NL 


Helicarionidae mq 3 14 9 64.29 NE 1400 NL 

Sphaerospira mazee 28 18 64.29 NE 2000 NL 

Westraltrachia rotunda 31 20 64.52 NW RH 900 NL 

Fastosarion superba 29 19 65.52 NE For 1900 NL 

Charopidae sn 26 35 23 65.71 EC 1100 NL 

Tarocystis fulva 83 55 66.27 NE For 4600 NL 

Galadistes expeditionis 12 8 66.67 NE 

WL, 

For 900 NL 

Torresitrachia deflecta 12 8 66.67 NW RH 600 NL 


Bothriembryon fuscus 15 10 66.67 SW For 800 NL 

Austrorhytida 

glaciamans 18 12 66.67 SE For 1500 NL 

Rhagada pilbarana 16 11 68.75 NW RH 600 NL 

Gnarosophia 

bellendenkerensis 130 91 70.00 NE For 7200 NL 

Sinumelon gillensis 17 12 70.59 CI RH 700 NL 


agamemnon 34 24 70.59 NE For 2200 NL 

Mussonena spinei 14 10 71.43 EC For 1100 NL 

Pillomena nivea 14 10 71.43 SE, Mon WL 1600 NL 


Meridolum depressa 25 18 72.00 SC For 1200 NL 

Bothriembryon 

rhodostomus 11 8 72.73 

Recherc 

he Isl. SL 1400 NL 

Egilomen globosa 11 8 72.73 EC For 1200 NL 


Strangesta sq 6 15 11 73.33 EC For 900 NL 

Cystopelta st 1 19 14 73.68 SE For 1300 NL 

112


froggatti froggatti 23 17 73.91 NW RH 400 NL 

Bothriembryon brazieri 46 34 73.91 SW WL 2400 NL 

Helicarionidae br 1 27 20 74.07 EC 1200 NL 

Mulathena fordei 89 66 74.16 SE, Tas For 6600 NL 

Charopidae wt 5 12 9 75.00 NE 1200 NL 

Semotrachia bagoti 12 9 75.00 CI RH 600 NL 

Semotrachia jessieana 12 9 75.00 CI RH 200 NL 

Setomedea janae 12 9 75.00 NE For 600 NL 

Setobaudinia interrex 16 12 75.00 NW RH 600 NL 

Westraltrachia derbyi 53 40 75.47 NW RH 900 NL 

Setomedea monteithi 41 31 75.61 NE For 1800 NL 

Amplirhagada 

drysdaleana 13 10 76.92 NW SL 700 NL 

Cystopeltidae br 1 13 10 76.92 EC 900 NL 



Torresitrachia umbonis 36 28 77.78 NW RH 2100 NL 


Hadra semicastanea 14 11 78.57 NE Is. RF, For 1100 NL 

Rhytididae ne 2 14 11 78.57 EC 500 NL 

Roblinella curacoae 19 15 78.95 Tas WL 1300 NL 

Rhytididae wt 1 48 38 79.17 NE 2600 NL 


Jacksonena delicata 20 16 80.00 NE For 1300 NL 


Helicarionidae ne 1 16 13 81.25 EC 500 NL 

Pseudcupedora 

trezonana 16 13 81.25 SCI RH 400 NL 


Marilyniropa 

jenolanensis 11 9 81.82 EC RH 100 NL 

Retroterra solituda 11 9 81.82 NW For 600 NL 

Gyrocochlea vinitincta 17 14 82.35 EC For 1600 NL 

Austrochloritis st 2 23 19 82.61 EC For 1300 NL 


Pernagera a 12 10 83.33 500 NL 

Biomphalopa concinna 18 15 83.33 NE For 700 NL 

Thularion semoni 42 35 83.33 NE RF, For 1500 NL 


Oreokera cumulus 29 25 86.21 NE For 1400 NL 

Amplirhagada wilsoni 22 19 86.36 NW RH 1300 NL 

113

Bothriembryon glauerti 48 42 87.50 SW WL 600 NL 

Retroterra costa 17 15 88.24 NW For 900 NL 

Amplirhagada carinata 18 16 88.89 NW WL 1200 NL 

Pleuroxia hinsbyi 11 10 90.91 SEI RH 700 NL 

Noctepuna cerea 14 13 92.86 NE For 1000 NL 

Rhagada harti 14 13 92.86 NW RH 200 NL 

Stenacapha c 56 52 92.86 Tas For 1100 NL 

Malandena wt 9 16 15 93.75 NE For 400 NL 

Meridolum marshalli 37 35 94.59 SC For 500 NL 

Kimboraga exanimus 11 11 100.00 NW For 400 NL 

Helicarionidae mv 4 12 12 100.00 EC 800 NL 

Minimelon colmani 21 21 100.00 CI RH 800 NL 

Quistrachia 

barrowensis 23 23 100.00 

Barrow 

Is. 700 NL 

Kimboraga 

micromphala 33 33 100.00 NW RH 200 NL 

One hundred and fifty-nine species had less than 10% of ANHAT records located within the 

NRS, including two threatened species – one endangered and one critically endandered 

(Table 59). The species most poorly represented in reserves are generally found in western 

parts of Australia, although as representation becomes slightly higher, other parts of 

Australia are also included. Eighty-six species have no records within the reserve system. 

Species requiring rocky environments for survival predominate in the species with

Camaenidae eu 2 12 0 0.00 NE 500 NL 

Camaenidae nn 6 12 0 0.00 ECI 700 NL 

Cassidula decussata 12 0 0.00 N Littoral 800 NL 

Helicarionidae sq 2 12 0 0.00 EC 700 NL 

Pleuroxia radiata 12 0 0.00 SC RH 600 NL 

Quistrachia 

warroorana 12 0 0.00 NW 600 NL 

Rhagada construa 12 0 0.00 NW RH 500 NL 

Rhagada dringi 12 0 0.00 Torres St. RH 800 NL 

Setobaudinia 

anatispretia 12 0 0.00 NW RH 500 NL 

Tatemelon everardensis 12 0 0.00 SCI RH 300 NL 

Turgenitubulus 

depressus 12 0 0.00 NW RH 100 NL 

Aslintesta camelus 13 0 0.00 SCI RH 1100 NL 

Pedinogyra sq 3 13 0 0.00 EC For 300 NL 

Pleuroxia cyrtopleura 13 0 0.00 SCI RH 2100 NL 


pagodula 13 0 0.00 NW RH 200 NL 

Amplirhagada alta 

crystalla 14 0 0.00 NW RH 100 NL 

Charopidae cy 2 14 0 0.00 NE 300 NL 

Helicarionidae eu 3 14 0 0.00 NE 1200 NL 

Montanomelon 

reynoldsi 14 0 0.00 CI RH 900 NL 

Sinumelon 

jimberlanensis 14 0 0.00 WI RH 700 NL 

Sinumelon pumilio 14 0 0.00 SCI RH 500 NL 


foramenus 14 0 0.00 NW RH 100 NL 


tanmurrana 14 0 0.00 NW RH 200 NL 

Cristilabrum isolatum 15 0 0.00 NW RH 300 NL 


Sinumelon musgravesi 15 0 0.00 CI RH 700 NL 


pillarana 15 0 0.00 NW RH 600 NL 

Bothriembryon whitleyi 16 0 0.00 WC RH 1400 NL 

Mouldingia orientalis 16 0 0.00 NW RH 400 NL 

Semotrachia 

bensteadana 16 0 0.00 CI RH 500 NL 

115

Turgenitubulus aslini 16 0 0.00 NW RH 300 NL 


complanata 17 0 0.00 NW RH 200 NL 

Basedowena cottoni 18 0 0.00 SCI RH 1500 NL 

Basedowena gigantea 18 0 0.00 SCI RH 600 NL 

Cristilabrum simplex 19 0 0.00 NW RH 200 NL 

Ningbingia australis 19 0 0.00 NW RH 400 NL 

Pleuroxia bethana 19 0 0.00 WC RH 400 NL 

Rhagada globosa 19 0 0.00 NW RH 1100 NL 

Rhagada basedowana 20 0 0.00 NW RH 800 NL 

Sinumelon amatensis 20 0 0.00 CI RH 1600 NL 

Camaenidae cy 8 21 0 0.00 NE 600 NL 

Falspleuroxia 

overlandensis 21 0 0.00 ? ? 700 NL 


Tatemelon musgum 21 0 0.00 SCI RH 700 NL 


inopinata 21 0 0.00 NW RH 100 NL 

Cristilabrum grossum 22 0 0.00 NW RH 400 NL 

*Bothriembryon 

location 140 23 0 0.00 WC RH 1400 NL 


Cristilabrum monodon 23 0 0.00 NW RH 200 NL 

Cristilabrum solitudum 23 0 0.00 NW RH 100 NL 

Cupedora lincolnensis 23 0 0.00 SC WL, RH 1800 NL 

Cooperconcha mawsoni 25 0 0.00 SCi RH 2000 NL 

Cristilabrum bubulum 25 0 0.00 NW RH 200 NL 

Cristilabrum 

spectaculum 25 0 0.00 NW RH 600 NL 

Ningbingia dentiens 25 0 0.00 NW RH 400 NL 

Turgenitubulus costus 25 0 0.00 NW RH 300 NL 

Discocharopa ne 30 26 0 0.00 EC ? 1100 NL 

Westraltrachia ampla 26 0 0.00 NW RH 1000 NL 

Rhagada bulgana 27 0 0.00 NW RH 1300 NL 

Pleuroxia everardensis 28 0 0.00 SCI RH 700 NL 

Westraltrachia froggatti 

complanata 29 0 0.00 NW RH 400 NL 

Rhytididae bl 1 30 0 0.00 ECI 2300 NL 

116


christenseni 30 0 0.00 NW RH 300 NL 

Sinumelon fodinalis 31 0 0.00 SEI RH 3700 NL 

Plectorhagada plectilis 33 0 0.00 NW RH 2600 NL 

Sinumelon remissum 35 0 0.00 SCI RH 4000 NL 


opiranus 35 0 0.00 NW RH 100 NL 

Ningbingia res 36 0 0.00 NW RH 300 NL 

Cristilabrum primum 37 0 0.00 NW RH 300 NL 

Ningbingia bulla 42 0 0.00 NW RH 400 NL 

Cupedora extensum 46 0 0.00 SCI RH 2800 NL 


torresiana 48 0 0.00 Torres St. RH 5900 NL 

Ningbingia octava 51 0 0.00 NW RH 500 NL 


woodwardi 61 0 0.00 NW RH 1200 NL 

Amplirhagada 

napierana 110 0 0.00 NW WL 1100 NL 

Amplirhagada percita 98 1 1.02 NW RH 900 NL 


commoda 71 1 1.41 NW RH 600 NL 


turbinata 61 1 1.64 NW RH 400 NL 

Plectorhagada 

carcharias 44 1 2.27 WC RH 2300 NL 


bathurstensis 44 1 2.27 NW RH 3200 NL 

Ningbingia laurina 37 1 2.70 NW RH 300 NL 

Exiligada negriensis 35 1 2.86 NW RH 1800 NL 

Rhagada capensis 35 1 2.86 NW RH 1100 NL 

Amplirhagada 

burnerensis umbilicata 34 1 2.94 NW RH 600 NL 

Granulomelon acerbum 34 1 2.94 CI RH 1400 NL 

Sinumelon tarcoolanum 33 1 3.03 WI-SC RH 3300 NL 

Gyliotrachela australis 62 2 3.23 NE RH 3000 NL 

Hadra barneyi 61 2 3.28 NE For, WL 5800 NL 

Bothriembryon 

balteolus 55 2 3.64 SW RH 3200 NL 

Sinumelon pedasum 109 4 3.67 SCI RH 6400 NL 

Quistrachia 

leptogramma 25 1 4.00 NW RH 1500 NL 

Cupedora sublorioliana 48 2 4.17 SCI RH 4100 NL 

117

Ellobium aurisjudae 23 1 4.35 NW-NE Man 1900 NL 

Camaenidae sq 14 22 1 4.55 EC 1400 NL 

Setobaudinia 5 22 1 4.55 NW RH 1300 NL 

Meridolum ne 16 132 6 4.55 EC For 9400 NL 

Damochlora 

rectilabrum 21 1 4.76 NW RH 800 NL 

Thersites mitchellae 125 6 4.80 EC For 2100 CE 

Ventopelita mansueta 39 2 5.13 EC For, WL 3200 NL 

Sinumelon perinflata 77 4 5.19 CI RH 6300 NL 

Galadistes intervenens 19 1 5.26 ECI WL 1700 NL 


Ordtrachia intermedia 19 1 5.26 NE RH 1000 NL 

Sphaerospira incei 19 1 5.26 NE For 5200 NL 

Galadistes 

liverpoolensis 113 6 5.31 ECI WL, RH 6600 NL 

Cupedora cassandra 37 2 5.41 SC RH 4800 NL 

Glyptorhagada 

kooringensis 18 1 5.56 SCI RH 1500 NL 

Cupedora broughami 17 1 5.88 SC WL, RH 2500 NL 

Ordtrachia grandis 17 1 5.88 NE RH 900 NL 

Rhytididae sq 2 17 1 5.88 EC 900 NL 

Tatemelon herberti 17 1 5.88 SCI RH 1300 NL 


Carinotrachia 

carsoniana 16 1 6.25 NW RH 700 NL 

Neveritis aridorum 78 5 6.41 EC For 6600 NL 


Bothriembryon 

bradshawi 14 1 7.14 SW RH 1500 NL 

Rhagada sutra 14 1 7.14 NW RH 500 NL 

Rhytididae ne 5 14 1 7.14 EC 900 NL 

Camaenidae bl 47 28 2 7.14 ECI 3600 NL 

Galadistes ne 15 97 7 7.22 EC 7600 NL 




*Strepsitaurus location 

141 13 1 7.69 WC RH 500 NL 

118

Westraltrachia tropida 13 1 7.69 NW RH 700 NL 


Quistrachia legendrei 51 4 7.84 NW 900 NL 


Camaenidae ne 15 12 1 8.33 EC 1200 NL 

Parglogenia pelodes 46 4 8.70 NC WL, SL 3400 NL 

Xanthomelon jannellei 69 6 8.70 NE WL 6600 NL 

Meridolum 

corneovirens 620 55 8.87 SC For, WL 3700 NL 

Sphaerospira incei 

curtisiana 67 6 8.96 NE-EC For 5600 NL 


Elsothera hewittorum 11 1 9.09 ECI For, WL 500 NL 

Quistrachia turneri 11 1 9.09 NW 400 NL 

*Bothriembryon 

location 139 22 2 9.09 SW RH? 2200 NL 

Ramogenia lanuginosa 22 2 9.09 NE WL 2300 NL 

Sphaerospira challisi 366 34 9.29 EC For, WL 25800 NL 

Gyliotrachela australis 

australis 43 4 9.30 NE RH 1700 NL 

Galadistes alleni 32 3 9.38 ECI WL 2800 NL 

Helicarion rubicundus 32 3 9.38 Tas For 300 NL 

Pedinogyra minor 21 2 9.52 NE For 2100 NL 

Prymnbriareus 

nimberlinus 21 2 9.52 NE RH 800 NL 

Quistrachia lefroyi 42 4 9.52 NW 1400 NL 

Dendronitor inscensa 31 3 9.68 NE For 2300 NL 

Sinumelon kalgum 61 6 9.84 SWI RH 3900 NL 

Helicarionidae sq 11 20 2 10.00 EC 1800 NL 

No land snail species had records in more than 100 separate reserves. This is indicative of 

the very limited number of records available for snails and also the relatively smaller 

geographic areas species of this group tend to inhabit. Hence, it is unlikely that most species 

could ever inhabit more than a few dozen reserves at best. 

A total of 402 species had records in five or fewer PAs, including one critically endangered 

species and two endangered species. The majority of species in this list had fewer than 100 

individual record sites, and no species had more than 170 records sites. Four hundred and 

twenty-three species of land snail had records in five or fewer PAs greater than 1000 

hectares. 

119

Table 60 Land snail species recorded from five or fewer PAs and from five or fewer PAs 

>1000 ha. 

No. 

Species 

No. 

Records 

No. 

reserves 

Reserves 

>1000ha 

EPBC 

status 

Elsothera hewittorum 11 1 0 NL 

Thersites mitchellae 125 1 0 CE 

Rhytididae ne 5 14 1 0 NL 

Hadra semicastanea 14 1 0 NL 

Camaenidae bl 21 11 1 1 NL 

Marilyniropa jenolanensis 11 1 1 NL 

Retroterra solituda 11 1 1 NL 

Quistrachia herberti 11 1 1 NL 

Caperantrum polygyrum 11 1 1 NL 

Pleuroxia hinsbyi 11 1 1 NL 

Quistrachia turneri 11 1 1 NL 

Torresitrachia aff. regula 11 1 1 NL 

Kimboraga exanimus 11 1 1 NL 

Semotrachia jessieana 12 1 1 NL 

Semotrachia bagoti 12 1 1 NL 

Mouldingia occidentalis 12 1 1 NL 

Camaenidae ne 15 12 1 1 NL 

Galadistes expeditionis 12 1 1 NL 

Camaenidae sq 16 13 1 1 NL 

Westraltrachia tropida 13 1 1 NL 

*Strepsitaurus location 141 13 1 1 NL 

Austrochloritis sn 10 13 1 1 NL 


Amplirhagada drysdaleana 13 1 1 NL 

Rhophodon minutissimus 14 1 1 NL 


Rhagada sutra 14 1 1 NL 

Rhagada harti 14 1 1 NL 

Charopidae mv 6 14 1 1 NL 

Strepsitaurus williami 14 1 1 NL 

Bothriembryon bradshawi 14 1 1 NL 

4 novae 14 1 1 NL 

Semotrachia elleryi 15 1 1 NL 

Meridolum sn 16 15 1 1 NL 


Carinotrachia carsoniana 16 1 1 NL 

Malandena wt 9 16 1 1 NL 

Pseudcupedora trezonana 16 1 1 NL 

Rhagada pilbarana 16 1 1 NL 

Bothriembryon meanarra 16 1 1 NL 

Camaenidae eu 14 16 1 1 NL 

Sphaerospira macleayi 16 1 1 NL 

Steorra rawnsleyi 16 1 1 NL 

120

Mussonena campbelli 17 1 1 NL 

Rhytididae sq 2 17 1 1 NL 

Cupedora broughami 17 1 1 NL 

Sinumelon gillensis 17 1 1 NL 

Ordtrachia grandis 17 1 1 NL 

Tatemelon herberti 17 1 1 NL 

Amplirhagada pusilla 17 1 1 NL 

Charopidae sq 4 18 1 1 NL 

Amplirhagada carinata 18 1 1 NL 

Glyptorhagada kooringensis 18 1 1 NL 

Sphaerospira rawnesleyi 18 1 1 NL 

Camaenidae cy 3 19 1 1 NL 


Camaenidae 2 19 1 1 NL 

Meridolum exocarpi 19 1 1 NL 

Setobaudinia doongana 19 1 1 NL 


Promonturconchum superbum 19 1 1 NL 

Ordtrachia intermedia 19 1 1 NL 

Rhagada richardsonii 19 1 1 NL 

Galadistes intervenens 19 1 1 NL 

Helicarionidae eu 2 19 1 1 NL 

Sphaerospira incei 19 1 1 NL 

Minimelon colmani 21 1 1 NL 

Prymnbriareus nimberlinus 21 1 1 NL 

Damochlora rectilabrum 21 1 1 NL 

Setobaudinia 5 22 1 1 NL 

Setobaudinia hirsuta 22 1 1 NL 


Westraltrachia oscarensis 22 1 1 NL 

Quistrachia barrowensis 23 1 1 NL 

Prototrachia sedula 23 1 1 NL 

Ellobium aurisjudae 23 1 1 NL 

Westraltrachia froggatti 

froggatti 23 1 

1 

NL 

Amplirhagada castra 23 1 1 NL 

Basedowena vulgata 23 1 1 NL 

Baccalena squamulosa 23 1 1 NL 

Quistrachia leptogramma 25 1 1 NL 

Contramelon howardi 26 1 1 NL 

Bothriembryon leeuwinensis 26 1 1 NL 

Amplirhagada varia varia 26 1 1 NL 

Lacustrelix minor 26 1 1 NL 

Mesodontrachia fitzroyana 27 1 1 EN 

Helicarionidae sq 5 28 1 1 NL 

Strepsitaurus rugus 32 1 1 NL 

Helicarion rubicundus 32 1 1 NL 

Sinumelon tarcoolanum 33 1 1 NL 

Kimboraga micromphala 33 1 1 NL 

Rhagada radleyi 34 1 1 NL 

121

Amplirhagada burnerensis 

1 

umbilicata 34 1 

NL 

Granulomelon acerbum 34 1 1 NL 

Rhagada capensis 35 1 1 NL 

Exiligada negriensis 35 1 1 NL 

Sinumelon godfreyi 36 1 1 NL 

Rhagada torulus 36 1 1 NL 

Ningbingia laurina 37 1 1 NL 

Ventopelita mansueta 39 1 1 NL 

Bothriembryon naturalistarum 40 1 1 NL 

Sinumelon hawkerana 40 1 1 NL 

Camaenidae wt 13 40 1 1 NL 

Semotrachia esau 44 1 1 NL 

Plectorhagada carcharias 44 1 1 NL 

Torresitrachia bathurstensis 44 1 1 NL 

Cupedora sublorioliana 48 1 1 NL 

Bothriembryon glauerti 48 1 1 NL 

Cooperconcha bunyerooana 49 1 1 NL 

Sinumelon wilpenensis 54 1 1 NL 

Westraltrachia turbinata 61 1 1 NL 

Gyliotrachela australis 62 1 1 NL 

Westraltrachia commoda 71 1 1 NL 

Lacustrelix eyrei 86 1 1 NL 

Amplirhagada percita 98 1 1 NL 

Meridolum corneovirens 620 15 2 NL 

Sphaerospira incei incei 31 2 0 NL 

Parmavitrina megastoma 11 2 1 NL 

Ramogenia mucida 12 2 1 NL 

Cralopa st 25 12 2 1 NL 

Pravonitor kreffti 13 2 1 NL 

Austrochloritis nn 2 14 2 1 NL 


Westraltrachia cunicula 16 2 1 NL 

Helicarionidae mv 2 16 2 1 NL 

Charopidae nn 6 18 2 1 NL 

Helicarionidae ne 4 18 2 1 NL 

Peloparion helenae 19 2 1 NL 

Rhophodon kempseyensis 24 2 1 NL 


Cupedora cassandra 37 2 1 NL 

Meridolum marshalli 37 2 1 NL 

Bothriembryon balteolus 55 2 1 NL 

Victaphanta compacta 87 2 1 NL 

Amplirhagada burnerensis 100 2 2 NL 

Sinumelon pedasum 109 2 2 NL 

Parmavitrina sn 5 11 2 2 NL 

Coenocharopa macromphala 11 2 2 NL 

Helicarionidae cy 10 11 2 2 NL 

Helicarionidae bl 10 11 2 2 NL 

Austrochloritis ne 7 11 2 2 NL 

122

Austrochloritis bellengerensis 11 2 2 NL 

Austrochloritis disjuncta 11 2 2 NL 

Camaenidae eu 3 11 2 2 NL 

Galadistes liverpoolensis 113 2 2 NL 

Ophicardelus ornata 12 2 2 NL 

Charopidae mq 11 12 2 2 NL 

Setomedea janae 12 2 2 NL 

Succinea strigillata 12 2 2 NL 

Torresitrachia deflecta 12 2 2 NL 

Succinea scalarina 13 2 2 NL 


Allocharopa tarravillensis 13 2 2 NL 

Charopidae br 35 14 2 2 NL 


Mussonena spinei 14 2 2 NL 

Rhytididae ne 2 14 2 2 NL 

Strangesta sq 6 15 2 2 NL 

Bothriembryon fuscus 15 2 2 NL 

80 novae 15 2 2 NL 

Pedinogyra sq 4 16 2 2 NL 


Setobaudinia interrex 16 2 2 NL 

Damochlora spina 17 2 2 NL 

Retroterra costa 17 2 2 NL 

Bothriembryon hamersley 

gorges 17 2 

2 

NL 


Ngairea canaliculata 18 2 2 NL 

Cassidula angulifera 18 2 2 NL 

Pillomena meraca 18 2 2 NL 



Rhytididae bl 3 19 2 2 NL 

Rhytididae br 2 19 2 2 NL 


Pedinogyra minor 21 2 2 NL 

Amplirhagada burnerensis 

burnerensis 21 2 

2 

NL 

*Bothriembryon location 139 22 2 2 NL 

Amplirhagada wilsoni 22 2 2 NL 

Ramogenia lanuginosa 22 2 2 NL 

Amplirhagada kalumburuana 25 2 2 NL 


Baudinella regia 26 2 2 NL 

Westraltrachia alterna 27 2 2 NL 

Rhagada angulata 27 2 2 NL 

Paralaoma st 1 28 2 2 NL 

Periclocystis ardeni 29 2 2 NL 

Cupedora luteofusca 29 2 2 NL 

Fastosarion superba 29 2 2 NL 

123

Sinumelon bitaeniata 29 2 2 NL 

Plectorhagada scolythra 29 2 2 NL 


Galadistes alleni 32 2 2 NL 

Trachiopsis strangulata 34 2 2 NL 

Amplirhagada elevata 36 2 2 NL 

Melostrachia glomerans 39 2 2 NL 

Quistrachia lefroyi 42 2 2 NL 

Gyliotrachela australis 

australis 43 2 

2 

NL 

Parglogenia pelodes 46 2 2 NL 

Rhagada gatta 48 2 2 NL 

Sinumelon serlense 49 2 2 NL 

Quistrachia legendrei 51 2 2 NL 

Stenacapha c 56 2 2 NL 

Sinumelon petum 59 2 2 NL 

Hadra barneyi 61 2 2 NL 

Cupedora meridionalis 67 2 2 NL 

Bothriembryon sayi 75 2 2 NL 


Sphaerospira oconnellensis 37 3 1 NL 

Cralopa carlessi 12 3 2 NL 

Camaenidae mv 8 12 3 2 NL 

Geminoropa hookeriana 13 3 2 NL 

Tornatellinops mastersi 14 3 2 NL 

Torresitrachia stipata 15 3 2 NL 


Cupedora ki 15 3 2 NL 

Sphaerospira 

rockhamptonensis 18 3 

2 

NL 



Pedinogyra effosa 24 3 2 NL 

Elasmias manilense 25 3 2 NL 

Pedinogyra allani 26 3 2 NL 

Dendronitor inscensa 31 3 2 NL 



Meridolum bowdenae 42 3 2 NL 

Quistrachia monogramma 49 3 2 NL 

Helicarionidae cy 8 87 3 2 NL 

Gloreugenia blackalli 11 3 3 NL 


Bothriembryon rhodostomus 11 3 3 NL 

Camaenidae nn 3 12 3 3 NL 


Punctidae st 3 12 3 3 NL 

Pernagera a 12 3 3 NL 

Bothriembryon jacksoni cf. 13 3 3 NL 

Bothriembryon notatus 13 3 3 NL 

124

Elasmias terrestris 14 3 3 NL 

Helicarion leopardina 14 3 3 NL 

Amplirhagada varia 15 3 3 NL 


Bothriembryon revectus 17 3 3 NL 


Austrorhytida glaciamans 18 3 3 NL 



Helicarionidae wt 15 19 3 3 NL 

Oreomava cannfluviatilus 19 3 3 NL 

Montidelos orcadis 20 3 3 NL 

Gyrocochlea curtisiana 20 3 3 NL 

Gloreugenia praecursoris 21 3 3 NL 

Amplirhagada osmondi 22 3 3 NL 


Pygmipanda kershawi 22 3 3 NL 

Westracystis fredaslini 22 3 3 NL 


Omphaloropa varicosa 23 3 3 NL 

Sinumelon vagente 23 3 3 NL 

Victaphanta atramentaria 24 3 3 NL 

Westraltrachia limbana 24 3 3 NL 

Gloreugenia cognata 25 3 3 NL 

Pupisoma sn 1 25 3 3 NL 

Meridolum depressa 25 3 3 NL 

Helicarion dispositus 26 3 3 NL 

Torresitrachia crawfordi 26 3 3 NL 

Rotacharopa densilamellata 27 3 3 NL 

Sinumelon gawleri 28 3 3 NL 

Amplirhagada confusa 29 3 3 NL 


Austrochloritis ascensa 31 3 3 NL 

Westraltrachia rotunda 31 3 3 NL 

Setobaudinia calvitia 33 3 3 NL 

Xanthomelon sphaeroidea 36 3 3 NL 

Torresitrachia umbonis 36 3 3 NL 

Bothriembryon perobesus 37 3 3 NL 

Cupedora rufofasciata 41 3 3 NL 

Thularion semoni 42 3 3 NL 

Sinumelon flindersi 45 3 3 NL 

Torresitrachia monticola 45 3 3 NL 

Torresitrachia amaxensis 45 3 3 NL 

Xanthomelon ruberpumilio 48 3 3 NL 

Westraltrachia derbyi 53 3 3 NL 

Tarocystis antiqua 54 3 3 NL 

Melostrachia acuticostata 55 3 3 NL 

Cupedora lorioliana 60 3 3 NL 

Trozena morata 60 3 3 NL 

Amplirhagada mitchelliana 62 3 3 NL 

125

Bothriembryon indutus 64 3 3 NL 

Xanthomelon prudhoensis 64 3 3 NL 

Sinumelon dulcensis 77 3 3 NL 

Pleuroxia oligopleura 82 3 3 NL 

Gastrocopta queenslandica 18 4 1 NL 

Rhytididae br 3 26 4 1 NL 

Sphaerospira incei lessoni 83 4 1 NL 

Cylindrovertilla kingi 16 4 2 NL 



Discocharopa vigens 12 4 3 NL 

Strangesta alpica 13 4 3 NL 

Posorites fucata 14 4 3 NL 


Sinumelon aversum 152 4 3 NL 

Pleuroxia adcockiana 164 4 3 NL 


Queridomus grenvillei 23 4 3 NL 

Hedleyella maconelli 23 4 3 NL 


Camaenidae st 10 29 4 3 NL 

Helicarionidae mq 7 31 4 3 NL 

Torresitrachia weaberana 33 4 3 NL 

Meridolum nn 6 35 4 3 NL 

Bothriembryon esperantia 37 4 3 NL 

Meridolum duralensis 48 4 3 NL 

Neveritis aridorum 78 4 3 NL 

Egilomen globosa 11 4 4 NL 

Charopidae sn 23 11 4 4 NL 

Coneuplecta pampini 11 4 4 NL 

Semotrachia setigera 114 4 4 NL 

Helicarionidae nn 9 12 4 4 NL 

Mussonula verax 12 4 4 NL 

Meridolum ne 16 132 4 4 NL 




Noctepuna cerea 14 4 4 NL 


Sphaerospira sardalabiata 15 4 4 NL 


Pupoides myoporinae 17 4 4 NL 


Biomphalopa concinna 18 4 4 NL 



Gyrocochlea iuloidea 19 4 4 NL 

Nitor br 7 19 4 4 NL 

Charopidae sp d 21 4 4 NL 


126

Rotacharopa kessneri 25 4 4 NL 

Ventopelita bellengerensis 26 4 4 NL 


Subulina octona 27 4 4 NL 


Somniopupa scotti 30 4 4 NL 





Helicarionidae sn 3 43 4 4 NL 

Sphaerospira zebina 71 4 4 NL 

Sinumelon perinflata 77 4 4 NL 

Galadistes ne 15 97 4 4 NL 

Elsothera limula 46 5 1 NL 

Bothriembryon sedgwicki 19 5 2 NL 

Cupedora patruelis 37 5 2 NL 

Saladelos strangeoides 16 5 3 NL 

Elsothera brazieri 24 5 3 NL 

Torresiropa spaldingi 27 5 3 NL 


Sphaerospira informis 81 5 3 NL 


Rhophodon consobrinus 13 5 4 NL 


Setomedea aculeata 16 5 4 NL 

Pupoides ischnus 17 5 4 NL 

Discocharopa mimosa 19 5 4 NL 

Coenocharopa sordidus 31 5 4 NL 

Sphaerospira etheridgei 43 5 4 NL 

Ventopelita leucocheilus 45 5 4 NL 

Bothriembryon onslowi 46 5 4 NL 

Austrochloritis layardi 47 5 4 NL 

Tasmaphena lamproides 52 5 4 NL 

Sphaerospira incei curtisiana 67 5 4 NL 

Meridolum sn 18 76 5 4 NL 

Sinumelon expositum 91 5 4 NL 

Bothriembryon distinctus 106 5 5 NL 

Saladelos nn 3 11 5 5 NL 

Rhagada convicta 110 5 5 NL 

Cystopeltidae br 1 13 5 5 NL 

Pillomena nivea 14 5 5 NL 


Gyrocochlea vinitincta 17 5 5 NL 

Cystopelta st 1 19 5 5 NL 

Camaenidae sn 20 19 5 5 NL 

Austrochloritis st 2 23 5 5 NL 

Charopidae ne 8 24 5 5 NL 

Gyrocochlea impressa 24 5 5 NL 

Sinumelon bednalli 24 5 5 EN 

127

Gloreugenia coxeni 25 5 5 NL 

Helicarionidae br 1 27 5 5 NL 

Sphaerospira mazee 28 5 5 NL 


Succinea interioris 30 5 5 NL 

Calvigenia blackmani 47 5 5 NL 


Rhagada tescorum 56 5 5 NL 

Pupoides eremicolus 59 5 5 NL 

Sinumelon kalgum 61 5 5 NL 

Meridolum gulosa 63 5 5 NL 


Xanthomelon jannellei 69 5 5 NL 

Pleuroxia polypleura 73 5 5 NL 

Bothriembryon kendricki 76 5 5 NL 

Pleuroxia elfina 77 5 5 NL 


Gyrocochlea sp. 14 6 4 NL 

Roblinella curacoae 19 6 4 NL 

Bothriembryon costulata 57 6 4 NL 

Tornatellinops pressus 68 6 4 NL 



Succinea st 1 32 6 5 NL 

Pillomena dandenongensis 32 6 5 NL 

Gyrocochlea cinnamea 34 6 5 NL 

Allocharopa kershawi 34 6 5 NL 

Gastrocopta deserti 40 6 5 NL 

Amimopina macleayi 84 6 5 NL 

Oreomava johnstoni 25 7 4 NL 

Pernagera tamarensis 19 7 5 NL 

Papuexul bidwilli 21 7 5 NL 

Cupedora sutilosa 30 7 5 NL 

Euconulus fulvus 42 7 5 NL 

Gastrocopta hedleyi 47 7 5 NL 

Rhytididae bl 2 62 7 5 NL 

Sphaerospira yulei 83 7 5 NL 

Elasmias wakefieldiae 39 8 4 NL 

Strangesta gawleri 27 8 5 NL 


Pernagera tasmaniae 37 9 4 NL 

128

Trap-door Spiders (Mygalomorphae) 

This is a broad group of spiders that includes not only the typical trap-door-type spiders, but 

also the funnel web spiders. Hence, they are a relatively known group of spiders. The 

ANHAT database has 9009 records for 609 species and subspecies of trap-door spiders. 

Twenty-one species account for approximately 50% of the total species records in ANHAT. 

These species had over 70 records each (Table 61). 

Table 61 Trap-door spider species that account for approximately 50% of the total species 


Species 

No. Records 

% total 

records 

Atrax su 70 0.78 

Australothele jamiesoni 73 0.81 

Hadronyche or 74 0.82 

Missulena insignis 75 0.83 

Hadronyche mar 78 0.87 

Aganippe subtristis 78 0.87 

Misgolas gracilis 81 0.90 

Hadronyche formidabilis 110 1.22 

Hadronyche maq 121 1.34 

Gaius villosus 125 1.39 

Hadronyche venenata 135 1.50 

Idiosoma sigillatum 164 1.82 

Seqocrypta jakara 185 2.05 

Hadronyche versuta 201 2.23 

Misgolas rapax 222 2.46 

Chenistonia tepperi 229 2.54 

Missulena bradleyi 351 3.90 

Missulena granulosa 383 4.25 

Aname mainae 442 4.91 

Missulena occatoria 666 7.39 

Atrax robustus 666 7.39 

Total 4529 50.27 

There are relatively few or very few records available for the majority of the trap-door 

spiders recorded in the ANHAT database. Four hundred and eighty-one species had 10 or 

fewer individual site records in the ANHAT database and 215 of these had just one record 

and a further 83 just two records (Table 62). Specific habitat associations are not available 

for a number of the listed species, nor can many of those with listed information be 

considered to be highly accurate given there are so few records available. However, the vast 

majority of species with a recorded habitat type come from forests, which reflects the general 

habitat preference for this group of spiders. There are very few species in this list that are 

known from inland, more arid areas, indicating this group does not inhabit such 

environments with any frequency. The listed species are widespread through the states in 

more mesic environments and there are no significant trends evident in regions of Australia 

where trap-doors are more likely to be poorly recorded. However, only 13 species on the list 

129

come from southeastern Australia, which appears to be a relatively small number. The 

survey levels are likely to be greatest in this most populated area of Australia, which would 

explain species in this area tending to have greater numbers of records. No species of trapdoor 

spider has been assessed for listing under the EPBC Act as yet. 

Table 62 Trap-door spider species with 10 or fewer individual site records in the ANHAT 

database. 

Species 

No. 

Records % in NRS Location Veg type 

Area 

(km 2 ) EPBC status 

Aganippe 1 1 0.00 ? 100 NL 

Aganippe 7 1 0.00 ? 100 NL 

Aganippe ballidu 1 0.00 SW? 100 NL 

Aganippe charlesi 1 100.00 ? 100 NL 

Aganippe cupulifex 

spp grp 1 0.00 SW For, WL 100 NL 

*Aganippe location 

43 1 0.00 SW For, WL 100 NL 

Aganippe dorre 1 100.00 Dorre Is. 100 NL 


44 1 0.00 SW 100 NL 


45 1 100.00 SW 100 NL 


46 1 100.00 SW 100 NL 

Aganippe 

longbottomi 1 0.00 100 NL 


48 1 0.00 100 NL 


49 1 0.00 100 NL 

Aganippe mileura 1 0.00 100 NL 

Aganippe nannup 1 0.00 SW 100 NL 

Aganippe nugadong 1 0.00 100 NL 

Aganippe protoidiosoma 

1 0.00 SW SL 100 NL 


sp3 1 0.00 SW SL 100 NL 


63 1 0.00 SC 100 NL 

Aganippe simpsoni 

sp grp 1 100.00 SCI GrL 100 NL 


65 1 0.00 SWI 100 NL 

Aganippe 

wa_occ_gp 1 0.00 SW 100 NL 

Aganippe winsori 1 0.00 SE For? 100 NL 

Aname 1 100.00 NE? 100 NL 

130

lackdownensis 

Aname camara 1 0.00 NE 100 NL 

Aname false black 

wish-bone 1 0.00 100 NL 

*Aname location 68 1 100.00 NC 100 NL 

*Aname location 72 1 0.00 100 NL 

Aname mainae sp 

grp 1 100.00 SC 200 NL 

Aname metropolitan 1 0.00 100 NL 

Aname nov near 

armigera 1 0.00 100 NL 

Aname nov? 1 0.00 100 NL 

Aname nw aust 1 0.00 NW 100 NL 

*Aname location 73 1 0.00 WC 100 NL 

*Aname location 75 1 0.00 EC? 100 NL 

Aname river wishbone 

1 0.00 100 NL 

Aname robertsi 1 100.00 100 NL 

Aname robertsorum 1 100.00 EC 100 NL 

Aname robusta 1 100.00 SC ? 200 NL 

Aname tigrina 1 100.00 NE 100 NL 

Aname tropica 1 100.00 NE 100 NL 

Aname villosa? 1 0.00 SW For 100 NL 

Aname wa 1 0.00 SW 100 NL 

*Aname location 

105 1 0.00 SW 100 NL 

Aname 

wa_paraemb2 1 0.00 W 100 NL 

Aname 

wa_paraemb3 1 0.00 W 100 NL 

Aname 

wa_rastellum 1 0.00 W 100 NL 

Aname 

wa_squarebulb 1 0.00 W 100 NL 

Aname wheatbelt 1 100.00 WCI 100 NL 

Aname wish-bone 

spp grp 1 0.00 100 NL 

Anidiops a 1 100.00 100 NL 

Anidiops 

manstridgei spp grp 1 0.00 SC WL, SL 100 NL 

Anidiops sa_2 1 0.00 SC 100 NL 

Anidiops villosus 1 0.00 SW SL 200 NL 

Anidiops wa_1216 1 0.00 SW 100 NL 

Arbanitis ballidu 1 0.00 EC 100 NL 

Arbanitis 

idio_newspecies_ 1 0.00 ? ? 100 NL 

*Arbanitis location 

50 1 0.00 EC 100 NL 


52 1 0.00 EC? 200 NL 

131

Arbanitis ornatus 1 0.00 EC 100 NL 

Arbanitis q_e 1 100.00 EC 100 NL 


53 1 0.00 SW 100 NL 

Arbanitis woolleyae 1 0.00 EC 100 NL 

Atrax src 0253 1 100.00 E? For 100 NL 


Aurecocrypta 

katersi 1 0.00 SW For, WL 100 NL 

Aurecocrypta 

lugubris 1 0.00 200 NL 

Australothele 

bicuspidata 1 100.00 EC For 100 NL 

C_Migas v_cobon 1 0.00 400 NL 

Cataxia dietrichae 1 0.00 EC For 200 NL 

Cataxia victoriae 1 100.00 SE For 100 NL 

Cethegus daemeli 1 100.00 NE For 100 NL 

Cethegus elegans 1 0.00 NE For 100 NL 

Cethegus hanni 1 0.00 NE For 100 NL 

Cethegus nov 1 100.00 100 NL 

*Chenistonia 

location 77 1 100.00 100 NL 

Chenistonia logs sp 1 100.00 100 NL 

Chenistonia 

maculata spp grp 1 100.00 SE For 100 NL 

Chenistonia 

spinigera 1 100.00 100 NL 

*Chenistonia 

location 79 1 100.00 SW? 100 NL 

*Chenistonia 

Location 80 1 0.00 SW? 100 NL 

*Chenistonia 

location 81 1 0.00 SW? 100 NL 

Conothele 1 1 0.00 NE 100 NL 



*Conothele location 

82 1 100.00 NE 100 NL 


84 1 0.00 NE 100 NL 


116 1 0.00 NE 100 NL 

Coremiocnemis 

q_tropix 1 100.00 NE Univoltine 100 NL 

Det sp 1 100.00 ? 100 NL 

Eucyrtops 

corrigin/kondiuim 

sp 1 0.00 SW 100 NL 

Eucyrtops eremaea 1 0.00 SW SL 100 NL 

Eucyrtops nov 1 100.00 SW 100 NL 

132

Eucyrtops 

torbayensis 1 0.00 SW WL 200 NL 

*Eucyrtops location 

123 1 0.00 SW WL 100 NL 


124 1 0.00 SW WL 300 NL 

Euoplos sp 1 0.00 ? ? 100 NL 

Euoplos spinipes 1 0.00 EC For, WL 200 NL 

Euoplos variabilis 1 0.00 EC For 600 NL 

Gaius nov 1 100.00 100 NL 

Gen Nov sp 1 0.00 ? ? 100 NL 

*Gen Nov location 

126 1 0.00 W 100 NL 

Hadronyche an 1 0.00 100 NL 

Hadronyche ba 1 0.00 100 NL 

Hadronyche da 1 0.00 100 NL 

Hadronyche ly 1 0.00 100 NL 

Hadronyche ra 1 100.00 100 NL 

Hadronyche src 

0246 1 100.00 100 NL 


0247 1 100.00 100 NL 

Heteromigas dovei 1 0.00 Tas ? 100 NL 

Heteromigas 

terraereginae 1 0.00 NE, Mon 100 NL 

*Homogona 

location 53b 1 100.00 SW 100 NL 

Idiommata indet 1 0.00 ? ? 100 NL 

*Idiommata 

location 55 1 0.00 SC? 100 NL 

*Idiommata 

location 56 1 0.00 ? 100 NL 

Idiosoma nov 1 0.00 SW For? 100 NL 

*Idiosoma location 

60 1 0.00 SW For 100 NL 

Ixamatus lornensis 1 100.00 EC For 100 NL 

Ixamatus rozefeldsi 1 0.00 EC For 100 NL 

Kwonkan anatolion 1 100.00 SC SL 100 NL 

Kwonkan moriartii 1 100.00 SWI 100 NL 

Kwonkan src 0240 1 0.00 SW 100 NL 

Kwonkan wa_1 1 0.00 SW 100 NL 

*Kwonkan location 

85 1 0.00 SW 100 NL 

Kwonkan 

wa_zuytdorp 1 0.00 SW 100 NL 

Mandjelia 

exasperans 1 100.00 NE 100 NL 

Mandjelia fleckeri 1 100.00 NE 100 NL 

Mandjelia galmarra 1 100.00 NE 100 NL 

Mandjelia 1 100.00 NE 100 NL 

133

iwupataka 

Mandjelia 

macgregori 1 0.00 NE 100 NL 

Mandjelia madura 1 0.00 NE 100 NL 

Mandjelia 

mccrackeni 1 100.00 NE 100 NL 

Mandjelia rejae 1 100.00 NE 100 NL 

Mandjelia wa_salt1 1 0.00 NE 100 NL 

*Mandjelia location 

90 1 0.00 NE 100 NL 

Masteria sp 1 100.00 NE? For 100 NL 

*Merredinia 

location 92 1 100.00 SW WL, SL 100 NL 

*Merredinia 

location 93 1 0.00 SW WL, SL 100 NL 

Misgolas 12 1 100.00 SE 100 NL 

Misgolas elegans 1 0.00 SE For 200 NL 

Missulena location 

128 1 0.00 SW 100 NL 

Missulena 

occ_1025 1 0.00 SW? 100 NL 

Missulena 

occ_1026 1 0.00 SW? 100 NL 

Missulena 

occwheat913 1 0.00 SEI WL? 100 NL 

*Missulena location 

129 1 0.00 S 100 NL 


130 1 0.00 S 100 NL 

Missulena small 

black sp. 1 0.00 100 NL 

Missulena 

wa_bassendean 1 0.00 SW? 100 NL 

Missulena 

wa_gran_387 1 0.00 SW? 100 NL 

Missulena 

wa_gran_tiny 1 0.00 SW? 100 NL 

Moggridgea 

australis 1 0.00 SC 200 NL 

Moruga doddi 1 100.00 NC-NE 100 NL 

Moruga fuliginea 1 0.00 NC-NE 100 NL 

Moruga insularis 1 100.00 NC-NE 100 NL 

Moruga kimberleyi 1 100.00 NC-NE 100 NL 

Moruga 

thorsborneorum 1 100.00 NC-NE 100 NL 

Moruga wallaceae 1 0.00 NC-NE 100 NL 

Namea callemonda 1 0.00 EC For 100 NL 

*Namea location 

130a 1 0.00 NE For 100 NL 

Namirea fallax 1 0.00 EC For 100 NL 

134

Namirea johnlyonsi 1 100.00 For 100 NL 

Nemesiidae d 1 0.00 100 NL 

Ozicrypta clarki 1 0.00 NC-NE 100 NL 

Ozicrypta combeni 1 0.00 NC-NE 100 NL 

Ozicrypta digglesi 1 0.00 NC-NE 200 NL 

Ozicrypta 

mcarthurae 1 0.00 NC-NE 100 NL 

Ozicrypta reticulata 1 100.00 EC 300 NL 

Ozicrypta tuckeri 1 100.00 NC-NE 100 NL 

Ozicrypta walkeri 1 0.00 NC-NE 100 NL 

Porthedland sp nov 1 0.00 WC WL? 100 NL 

*Selenocosmia 

location 94 1 100.00 SW 100 NL 

Selenocosmia 

wallacei ms name 1 0.00 SW? 100 NL 

Seqocrypta 

bancrofti 1 0.00 NE 100 NL 

Seqocrypta sp 1 0.00 NE 100 NL 

*Stanwellia location 

96 1 0.00 SE 100 NL 

Stanwellia v_gow 1 0.00 SE 100 NL 


97 1 100.00 SW 100 NL 

Striamea gertschi 1 100.00 100 NL 

Synothele 

boongaree 1 0.00 W? 100 NL 

Synothele 

goongarrie 1 0.00 W? 100 NL 

Synothele harveyi 1 100.00 W? 100 NL 

Synothele indet 1 0.00 W? 100 NL 

Synothele karara 1 0.00 W? 100 NL 

Synothele koonalda 1 100.00 W? 100 NL 

Synothele 

longbottomi 1 100.00 W? 100 NL 

Synothele lowei 1 0.00 W? 100 NL 

Synothele moonabie 1 0.00 W? 100 NL 

Synothele nov 1 100.00 W? 100 NL 

Synothele pectinata 1 0.00 W? 100 NL 

Synothele 

rastelloides 1 0.00 W? 100 NL 

Synothele rubripes 1 0.00 W? 100 NL 

Teyl antelipoides 1 0.00 SW 100 NL 

Teyl goldfields sp 1 0.00 SWI 100 NL 

Teyl luculentus sp 

grp 1 0.00 SW WL, SL 100 NL 

Teyl mandgedal sp 

grp 1 0.00 SW 100 NL 

*Teyl location 131 1 0.00 SW 100 NL 

*Teyl locaiton 132 1 0.00 SW 100 NL 


135





Teyl waldockae 1 100.00 SW 100 NL 

Teyl wheat2 1 0.00 SWI 100 NL 

Theraphosidae sp. 1 0.00 700 NL 

Trittame 

berniesmythi 1 0.00 NE RF 100 NL 

Trittame mccolli 1 0.00 NE RF 100 NL 

Trittame thorelli 1 100.00 NE RF 100 NL 

Tungari monteithi 1 0.00 100 NL 

Yilgarnia a 1 0.00 SW 100 NL 

Yilgarnia 

bougainville 1 0.00 SW 100 NL 

Yilgarnia minuta 1 100.00 SW 100 NL 

*Yilgarnia location 

137a 1 0.00 SW 100 NL 

Zophorame 

covacevichae 1 0.00 NE RF 100 NL 

Zophorame hirsti 1 0.00 ? 100 NL 

Aganippe castellum 2 0.00 WC 200 NL 

Aganippe coastal 

plain sp 2 0.00 SW 100 NL 

Aganippe indet 2 50.00 200 NL 


sp1 2 0.00 SW SL 200 NL 

Aganippe simpsoni 2 50.00 SCI GrL 300 NL 


64 2 0.00 SWI 100 NL 

Aname atra 2 50.00 SCI? 200 NL 

*Aname location 66 2 100.00 Barrow Is. 200 NL 

Aname brown wishbone 

2 50.00 200 NL 

Aname location 67 2 0.00 NE? 200 NL 

Aname houtmani 2 0.00 Houtman Is? 300 NL 

*Aname location 70 2 0.00 NW 200 NL 

Aname nt sp 2 100.00 CN 100 NL 

*Aname location 74 2 0.00 WC 200 NL 

*Aname location 99 2 0.00 SW 200 NL 


101 2 0.00 SW? 200 NL 


104 2 0.00 W 200 NL 

Aname 

wa_m_rast_qry 2 0.00 W 200 NL 


110 2 50.00 W 200 NL 


111 2 0.00 WC 200 NL 

136


112 2 0.00 WC 100 NL 

Aname wa_streich 2 0.00 W 200 NL 

Anidiops sa_baird 2 50.00 SC 200 NL 

Anidiops whitei 2 0.00 SC 300 NL 

Arbanitis echo ms 

name 2 100.00 EC 100 NL 

Arbanitis inornatus 2 0.00 EC 200 NL 

Arbanitis 

macmillani 2 50.00 SW 200 NL 

Caledothele 

australiensis 2 0.00 600 NL 

Cethegus barraba 2 50.00 EC For 200 NL 

Cethegus colemani 2 0.00 NE For 200 NL 

Cethegus 

multispinosus 2 0.00 NE For 200 NL 

*Cethegus location 

76 2 50.00 SW For, WL? 200 NL 

Chenistonia b 2 50.00 200 NL 

*Chenistonia 

location 76a 2 100.00 SW 100 NL 

*Chenistonia 

location 78 2 50.00 200 NL 

Chenistonia 

wa_v_long_emb 2 50.00 SW 200 NL 


119 2 0.00 NE 200 NL 

Coremiocnemis 

q_lizard 2 100.00 Lizard Is.? 100 NL 

Eucyrtops latior spp 

grp 2 100.00 SW For 100 NL 

Eucyrtops latior spp 

grp sp nov 2 0.00 SW For 200 NL 


125 2 50.00 SW WL 200 NL 

Gaius goldfields sp 2 0.00 SW 200 NL 


0248 2 50.00 200 NL 

Homogona nov 2 100.00 200 NL 

Idiommata 

blackwalli 2 0.00 W For, WL, SL 200 NL 

Idiommata fusca 2 50.00 NE For, WL? 300 NL 

Kwonkan 2 2 0.00 SW 200 NL 

Kwonkan eboracum 2 0.00 SW SL 200 NL 


61 2 0.00 SC 100 NL 

Kwonkan silvestre 2 0.00 SW 200 NL 


87 2 50.00 SW 200 NL 

*Kwonkan location 2 50.00 SW 200 NL 

137

88 

Kwonkan wa_sp1 2 0.00 SW 200 NL 

Kwonkan 

wonganensis 2 0.00 SW SL 200 NL 

Mandjelia colemani 2 0.00 NE 200 NL 

Mandjelia thorelli 2 0.00 NE 200 NL 


91 2 50.00 NE 200 NL 

Migas plomleyi 2 0.00 Tas 200 NL 

Migas variapalpus 2 100.00 NE 200 NL 

Misgolas 11 2 50.00 SE 200 NL 


127 2 50.00 SW For, WL 200 NL 

Moggridgea p 2 100.00 SW? 100 NL 

Moggridgea tingle 2 50.00 SW 300 NL 

Moruga heatherae 2 100.00 NC-NE 100 NL 

Nemesiidae e 2 0.00 200 NL 

Ozicrypta clyneae 2 50.00 NC-NE 200 NL 

Ozicrypta 

mcdonaldi 2 100.00 NC-NE 100 NL 

Ozicrypta 

palmarum 2 0.00 NC-NE 300 NL 

Ozicrypta pearni 2 100.00 NC-NE 100 NL 

Ozicrypta sinclairi 2 0.00 NC-NE 100 NL 

Paraembolides 

cannoni 2 50.00 EC, Mon For 200 NL 

Stanwellia 

occidentalis 2 0.00 SC SL 200 NL 

Synothele 

goongarrie sp 1 2 0.00 W? 200 NL 

Synothele houstoni 2 50.00 W? 200 NL 

Synothele 

meadhunteri 2 50.00 W? 200 NL 

Synothele taurus 2 50.00 W? 200 NL 

Synothele 

yundamindra 2 0.00 W? 200 NL 

Teyl 6 2 50.00 SW 200 NL 

Teyl door building 

sp 2 100.00 SW 200 NL 

Trittame augusteyni 2 50.00 NE RF 200 NL 

Trittame ingrami 2 100.00 EC RF 100 NL 

Trittame stonieri 2 0.00 NE RF 100 NL 

Xamiatus ilara 2 100.00 NE For 200 NL 


47 3 0.00 SWI 200 NL 

Aname tasmanica 3 100.00 Tas 100 NL 

Aname turrigera 3 33.33 SW-SC 300 NL 


100 3 0.00 SW 400 NL 

Aname wa_edel 3 33.33 SW 400 NL 

138


108 3 0.00 W 400 NL 

Aname 

wa_qvic_commabul 

b 3 33.33 W 300 NL 

Aname 

wa_qvic_paraemb 3 33.33 W 300 NL 


113 3 0.00 W 300 NL 

Aname 

wa_woodstock3 3 0.00 NW 100 NL 

Anidiops 

manstridgei 3 33.33 SC WL, SL 300 NL 

Anidiops nov 3 0.00 ? ? 300 NL 

Arbanitis 

binnaburra ms 

name 3 0.00 EC, Mon For 200 NL 


51 3 0.00 SW 200 NL 

Australothele 

montana 3 66.67 SE For 200 NL 

*Australothele 

location 53a 3 0.00 EC For 300 NL 

Blakistonia 2 3 66.67 SC For? 300 NL 

Carrai afoveolata 3 33.33 EC For 200 NL 

Cataxia maculata 3 0.00 EC For 400 NL 

Chenistonia 

caeruleomontana 3 0.00 EC 100 NL 

Chenistonia 

maculata 3 0.00 SE For 300 NL 

Chenistonia 

montana 3 33.33 EC 300 NL 

Chenistonia 

tepperi? 3 66.67 SC 300 NL 


115 3 0.00 NE 100 NL 


118 3 33.33 NE 300 NL 

Gaius jonesae 3 0.00 100 NL 

Gaius wa2 3 0.00 SW 300 NL 

Hadronyche 

flindersi 3 0.00 SC 200 NL 

Hadronyche la 3 66.67 300 NL 

Hadronyche walkeri 3 0.00 200 NL 

Homogona stirlingi 3 100.00 SW 100 NL 

*Idiommata 

location 57 3 0.00 W 300 NL 

Kwonkan 

goongarriensis 3 33.33 SW SL 300 NL 

Kwonkan wa_salt1 3 0.00 SW 300 NL 

139

Mandjelia anzses 3 100.00 NE? 500 NL 

Mandjelia qantas 3 0.00 NE 100 NL 

Misgolas maculosus 3 0.00 SE For 300 NL 

Misgolas mascordi 3 33.33 E 300 NL 

Missulena 8 3 33.33 ? 300 NL 

Missulena 

occ_1028 3 0.00 SW? 300 NL 

Missulena rugosa 3 33.33 400 NL 

Namea cucurbita 3 0.00 EC For 300 NL 

Namea excavans 3 33.33 EC For 200 NL 

Namea olympus 3 100.00 NE, Mon For 100 NL 

Namea saundersi 3 100.00 NE For 200 NL 

Nemesiidae c 3 0.00 200 NL 

Ozicrypta eungella 3 33.33 NC-NE 300 NL 

Ozicrypta hollinsae 3 0.00 NC-NE 200 NL 

Ozicrypta kroombit 3 100.00 NC-NE 100 NL 

Pseudoteyl 

vancouveri 3 100.00 W 200 NL 

Synothele arrakis 3 0.00 W? 100 NL 

Synothele mullaloo 3 0.00 W? 200 NL 

Teranodes src 0255 3 66.67 SE? For 200 NL 

Teyl minimus 3 66.67 SW 200 NL 

Trittame rainbowi 3 100.00 NE RF 200 NL 

Yilgarnia 

currycomboides 3 33.33 SW 300 NL 

Zophorame 

gallonae 3 0.00 Torres St. For 200 NL 

Zophorame simoni 3 66.67 NE RF 400 NL 

Aganippe cupulifex 4 50.00 SW For, WL 300 NL 

Aganippe nov (twiglining 

spp grp) 4 25.00 400 NL 

Aganippe 

occidentalis sp grp 4 0.00 WC For 400 NL 

Aname armigera 4 0.00 SWI WL 500 NL 

Aname collinsorum 4 25.00 NE 400 NL 


103 4 0.00 NW 300 NL 

Chenistonia tepperi 

sp grp 4 75.00 SC 400 NL 


83 4 0.00 NE 100 NL 


117 4 0.00 NE 500 NL 

Eucyrtops riparia 4 0.00 SW WL 400 NL 


120 4 50.00 SW WL 300 NL 


122 4 75.00 SW WL 100 NL 

Idioctis yerlata 4 75.00 NE Intertidal 200 NL 

Kwonkan wa_salt2 4 25.00 SW 400 NL 

140

Mandjelia banksi 4 25.00 NE 400 NL 


89 4 100.00 NE 400 NL 

Migas nitens 4 0.00 Tas Littoral 200 NL 

Missulena 

torbayensis 4 50.00 SW 400 NL 

Namirea 

montislewisi 4 100.00 NE For 300 NL 

Ozicrypta wrightae 4 75.00 NC-NE 400 NL 

Paraembolides 

boycei 4 50.00 EC For 400 NL 


95 4 100.00 SE 300 NL 

Synothele butleri 4 50.00 W? 400 NL 

Synothele 

durokoppin 4 0.00 W? 300 NL 

Trittame xerophila 4 50.00 NE-EC For 400 NL 

Troglodiplura 

lowryi 4 0.00 SC Caves 100 NL 

Troglodiplura 

lowryii 4 50.00 300 NL 

Tungari kenwayae 4 50.00 300 NL 

Aganippe jessupi 5 20.00 400 NL 

Aganippe robusta 5 20.00 SC 600 NL 

Aganippe smeatoni 5 0.00 SC For 900 NL 

*Aname location 69 5 100.00 NC 200 NL 

Aname kwonkoides 

spp grp 5 0.00 200 NL 

Arbanitis nov 5 0.00 500 NL 

Bymainiella src 

0249 5 100.00 EC For 300 NL 

Cataxia 

babindaensis 5 20.00 EC For 400 NL 

Cethegus broomi 5 0.00 EC For 200 NL 

Cethegus pallipes 5 20.00 NE For 300 NL 

Eucanippe nov 5 40.00 ? 400 NL 

Hadronyche eyrei 5 0.00 SC 300 NL 

Hadronyche mot 5 100.00 400 NL 

Homogona 

bolganupensis 5 20.00 100 NL 

Idiommata 

iridescens 5 0.00 NE For 500 NL 

*Idiommata 

location 54 5 0.00 NE 500 NL 

*Idiommata 

location 56a 5 20.00 W 500 NL 

*Idiommata 

location 59 5 20.00 W 500 NL 

Idiosoma hirsutum 5 0.00 SW For, SL 200 NL 

Kwonkan 1 5 0.00 SW 400 NL 

141

Namea dahmsi 5 40.00 EC For 500 NL 

Namirea 

dougwallacei 5 100.00 EC? For 100 NL 

Ozicrypta etna 5 20.00 NC-NE 300 NL 

Ozicrypta littleorum 5 60.00 NC-NE 600 NL 

Ozicrypta wallacei 5 0.00 NC-NE 300 NL 

Plesiothele fentoni 5 100.00 Tas For 300 NL 

Sason colemani 5 60.00 NE 200 NL 

Stanwellia grisea 5 20.00 SE For 800 NL 

Synothele howi 5 20.00 W? 500 NL 

Teyl 2 5 40.00 SW 500 NL 

Teyl wheat4 5 40.00 SWI 500 NL 

Trittame kochi 5 60.00 NE RF 300 NL 

Aname coastal plain 6 0.00 300 NL 

Aname sp 6 0.00 700 NL 

Aname wa_m_rast 6 0.00 W 500 NL 


106 6 0.00 W 600 NL 


109 6 33.33 SW 600 NL 

Cethegus 

ischnotheloides 6 0.00 SC 600 NL 


121 6 33.33 SW WL 400 NL 

Hadronyche ke 6 16.67 100 NL 

Idiommata location 

58 6 0.00 W 600 NL 


86 6 0.00 SW 300 NL 

Mandjelia 

humphreysi 6 16.67 NE 600 NL 

Merredinia 

damsonoides 6 0.00 SW WL, SL 500 NL 

Misgolas crispus 6 50.00 Tas For 500 NL 

Namea nebulosa 6 66.67 NE, Mon For 500 NL 

Namirea eungella 6 50.00 NE For 600 NL 

Namirea insularis 6 0.00 EC For 300 NL 

Nemesiidae b 6 0.00 200 NL 

Paraembolides 

variabilis 6 0.00 EC For 300 NL 

Seqocrypta 

hamlynharrisi 6 33.33 NE 600 NL 

Seqocrypta 

mckeowni 6 50.00 NE 600 NL 


98 6 100.00 SW 400 NL 

Teranodes 

otwayensis 6 66.67 SE For 1200 NL 

Xamiatus 

magnificus 6 33.33 NE For 500 NL 

142

Aganippe 

occidentalis 7 14.29 WC For 700 NL 

Aname distincta? 7 0.00 CE 500 NL 

*Aname location 71 7 71.43 NE For 500 NL 


114 7 0.00 W 700 NL 

Bymainiella 

monteithi 7 28.57 EC, Mon RF 500 NL 

Cataxia 

spinipectoris 7 0.00 EC For 500 NL 

Cethegus lugubris 7 0.00 NE RF, For 200 NL 

Chenistonia 

trevallynia 7 28.57 Tas For 500 NL 

Hadronyche ca 7 28.57 500 NL 

Hadronyche mon 7 14.29 600 NL 

Ixamatus candidus 7 28.57 EC For 500 NL 

Missulena 

rutraspina 7 28.57 S 900 NL 

Namea calcaria 7 42.86 EC For 600 NL 

Namea capricornia 7 28.57 EC For 700 NL 

Ozicrypta 

microcauda 7 71.43 NC-NE 500 NL 

Stanwellia oraria 7 57.14 SE 300 NL 

Teyl 1 7 42.86 SW 700 NL 

Trittame forsteri 7 42.86 NE RF 600 NL 

Aganippe modesta 8 12.50 SC WL 800 NL 


102 8 37.50 SW 600 NL 

Cataxia 

eungellaensis 8 37.50 EC For 600 NL 

Cethegus robustus 8 0.00 NE For 800 NL 

Ixamatus musgravei 8 87.50 EC For 400 NL 

Missulena 7 8 25.00 ? 900 NL 

Nemesiidae a 8 0.00 ?? 200 NL 

Xamiatus bulburin 8 25.00 NE For 500 NL 

Aname wa_dianella 9 0.00 SW 800 NL 

Australothele 

nothofagi 9 77.78 EC For 700 NL 

Eucyrtops latior 9 0.00 SW For 700 NL 

Hadronyche ka 9 22.22 SC 600 NL 

Hadronyche ta 9 0.00 400 NL 

Ixamatus fischeri 9 33.33 EC For 600 NL 

Moggridgea s 9 100.00 SW? 300 NL 

*Paraembolides 

location 62 9 22.22 EC, Mon For 1000 NL 

Selenocosmia 

rugosa ms name 9 11.11 900 NL 


107 10 30.00 W 900 NL 


143

Bymainiella 

polesoni 10 50.00 EC, Mon For 800 NL 

Chenistonia 

paludigena 10 40.00 1000 NL 

Ozicrypta filmeri 10 0.00 NC-NE 800 NL 

Paraembolides 

boydi 10 80.00 EC For 700 NL 

Teyl 3 10 30.00 SW 1000 NL 



than 10 records was 60.2, with a mean of 23 for the percent of records in the NRS. Only 22 

species of trap-door spiders had 45% or greater of individual site records located within the 

NRS (Table 63). This is most likely because spiders are collected more incidentally than in 

any other way and incidental records are most likely to come from private residences, which 

are not found in reserves. None of these species had 100% of their records within the NRS, 

however, three species had a reservation level above 80%. Most species with recorded 

habitat preferences come from forested environments, which are relatively well reserved 

environments. Forty-nine species had less than 10% of ANHAT records located within PAs 

( 

Table 64), with 11 species not known to have any records within the NRS. Six of these 11 

species are from eastern Australia. The majority of species in this list are from the southern 

Australia, with the next largest group found in the central regions. The two main habitat 

associations of poorly reserved species are forests and woodlands, with 17 and 14 

respectively out of the 49 species with known preferences for these habitats. Twenty-six of 

the 49 species had no habitat information available. 

Table 63 Trap-door spiders species with >45% of site records within the NRS. 

Species 

No. 

Records 


NRS 

Location 

Veg 

type 

Area 

(km 2 ) 

EPBC 

status 

Stanwellia hoggi 31 14 (45.2%) SE For 1800 NL 

Mandjelia brassi 11 5 (45.4%) NE 700 NL 

Namea bunya 11 5 (45.4%) EC For 900 NL 

Missulena sp. 49 23 (46.9%) 4500 NL 

Teyl nov 12 6 (50.0%) SW 1100 NL 

Xamiatus rubrifrons 20 10 (50.0%) EC For 1400 NL 

Bymainiella terraereginae 53 29 (54.7%) EC For 1900 NL 

Arbanitis q_bb 18 10 (55.6%) ECI 400 NL 

Teyl sp 65 38 (58.6%) SW 4600 NL 

Namea salanitri 17 10 (58.8%) EC, Mon For 1100 NL 

Bymainiella lugubris 16 10 (62.5%) EC, Mon WL 400 NL 

Chenistonia hickmani 12 8 (66.7%) EC 600 NL 

Mandjelia commoni 18 12 (66.7%) NE 1600 NL 

Namea dicalcaria 30 20 (66.7%) EC For 2000 NL 

144

Ixamatus barina 52 35 (67.3%) NE For 2600 NL 

Masteria toddae 44 30 (68.2%) NE For 2800 NL 

Teranodes montana 23 16 (69.6%) SE, Tas For 2000 NL 

Homogona cunicularia 28 21 (75.0%) NE, Mon For 1700 NL 

Trittame loki 19 15 (78.9%) NE RF 1300 NL 

Ozicrypta cooloola 15 12 (80.0%) NC-NE 900 NL 

Chenistonia earthwatchorum 31 25 (80.6%) EC 2400 NL 

Hadronyche al 18 16 (88.9%) 1300 NL 

Table 64 Trap-door spider species with

Idiommata 

45 2 (4.4%) W 2800 

wa_goldenhair 

NL 

Hadronyche modesta 43 2 (4.6%) SE 4200 NL 

Selenocosmia sp. 42 2 (4.8%) 3600 NL 

Misgolas dereki 61 3 (4.9%) SE 1700 NL 

Misgolas gracilis 81 4 (4.9%) SE For 3800 NL 

Aname mainae 442 22 (5.0%) SC 18000 NL 

*Aname location 142 19 1 (5.3%) SWI 1000 NL 

Misgolas melancholicus 52 3 (5.8%) SE 2200 NL 

Hadronyche wa 68 4 (5.9%) W 4500 NL 

Idiommata scintillans 33 2 (6.1%) SC WL, 

SL 

3600 

NL 

*Aname location 143 16 1 (6.2%) NW 1100 NL 

Synothele michaelseni 16 1 (6.2%) SW For 700 NL 

Aganippe rhaphiduca sp 

grp 

15 1 (6.7%) SW For 1600 

NL 

Idiommata wa_flaretip 15 1 (6.7%) W 1600 NL 

Hadronyche formidabilis 110 8 (7.3%) EC For 9500 NL 

Hadronyche cerberea 67 5 (7.5%) EC 4200 NL 

Missulena bradleyi 351 27 (7.7%) SE ? 17100 NL 

Aname inimica 51 4 (7.8%) EC 2000 NL 

Atrax su 70 6 (8.6%) E? For 3400 NL 

Idiosoma nigrum 23 2 (8.7%) SW WL 1800 NL 

Aname distincta 34 3 (8.8%) CE 3100 NL 

Selenocosmia crassipes 45 4 (8.9%) NC- 

NE 

For, 

SL 

2600 

NL 

*Aname location 145 11 1 (9.1%) EC 1100 NL 

Missulena 6 33 3 (9.1%) ? 3100 NL 

In keeping with the very limited number of records available for this group of spiders, no 

species had been recorded from more than 100 separate PAs. A total of 61 species had 

records in five or fewer PAs (Table 65). The majority of species in this list had fewer than 

100 individual record sites, and no species had more than 164 record sites. Sixty-five 

species of trap-door spider had records in five or fewer PAs greater than 1000 hectares 

(Table 65). 

Table 65 Trap-door spider species recorded from five or fewer PAs and five or fewer PAs 

greater than 1000 ha. 

No. 

Reserves 

>1000ha 

Species 

No. 

Records 

No. 

reserves 

*Aname location 145 11 1 1 NL 

Idiommata wa_flaretip 15 1 1 NL 

EPBC 

status 

146

Aganippe rhaphiduca sp grp 15 1 1 NL 


Synothele michaelseni 16 1 1 NL 


Hadronyche adelaidensis 23 1 1 NL 

Misgolas robertsi 24 1 1 NL 

Hadronyche le 33 1 1 NL 

Arbanitis tasmanica 33 1 1 NL 

Selenocosmia stirlingi 38 1 1 NL 

Idiosoma sigillatum 164 1 1 NL 

Idiosoma nigrum 23 2 1 NL 

Aganippe subtristis 78 2 1 NL 

Aname wa_geraldton_acute 11 2 2 NL 

Australothele magna 11 2 2 NL 

Aname wa_uwa 12 2 2 NL 

Aname mainae? 14 2 2 NL 

Aganippe nov 14 2 2 NL 

Arbanitis annulipes 14 2 2 NL 

Idiommata scintillans 33 2 2 NL 

Selenocosmia sp. 42 2 2 NL 

Hadronyche modesta 43 2 2 NL 

Idiommata wa_goldenhair 45 2 2 NL 

Misgolas hubbardi 49 2 2 NL 

Stanwellia nebulosa 22 3 1 NL 

Hadronyche venenata 135 3 1 NL 

Missulena 6 33 3 2 NL 

Misgolas melancholicus 52 3 2 NL 

Misgolas dereki 61 3 2 NL 

Aname nov 11 3 3 NL 

Selenocosmia wacarina ms 

name 17 3 3 NL 

Hadronyche meridiana 23 3 3 NL 

Idiosoma hills 26 3 3 NL 

Aname distincta 34 3 3 NL 

Hadronyche mar 78 3 3 NL 

Misgolas gracilis 81 4 1 NL 

Australothele maculata 13 4 3 NL 

Namea brisbanensis 20 4 3 NL 

Ixamatus varius 11 4 4 NL 

Eucyrtops 

wa_2_jarrahdale_latior 13 4 4 NL 

Trittame gracilis 15 4 4 NL 

Namea jimna 21 4 4 NL 

Kwonkan wa_gelorup 22 4 4 NL 

Hadronyche hu 26 4 4 NL 

Selenocosmia crassipes 45 4 4 NL 

Aname inimica 51 4 4 NL 

Hadronyche wa 68 4 4 NL 

Arbanitis longipes 39 5 1 NL 

Cethegus fugax 18 5 2 NL 

147

Aganippe rhaphiduca 34 5 3 NL 

Namea bunya 11 5 4 NL 

Misgolas 10 17 5 4 NL 

Gaius villosus 125 5 4 NL 

Mandjelia brassi 11 5 5 NL 

Paraembolides grayi 12 5 5 NL 

Misgolas mestoni 14 5 5 NL 

Aname barrema 16 5 5 NL 

Missulena dipsaca 45 5 5 NL 

Missulena 0 46 5 5 NL 

Hadronyche cerberea 67 5 5 NL 

Teyl nov 12 6 5 NL 

Blakistonia aurea 49 7 5 NL 

Missulena insignis 75 10 2 NL 

Misgolas andrewsi 33 11 4 NL 

148

Huntsman Spiders (Sparassidae) 

The ANHAT database has 1162 records for 116 species and subspecies of huntsman spiders. 

Eleven of these species account for approximately 50% of the total species records in 

ANHAT. Each of these species had over 20 records in the ANHAT database. 

Table 66 Sparassidae species that account for approximately 50% of the total species 


Species No. Records 

% total 

records 

Isopeda villosa 24 2.07 

Isopeda magna 24 2.07 

Holconia flindersi 25 2.15 

Neosparassus diana 27 2.32 

Isopedella saundersi 34 2.93 

Isopedella inola 36 3.10 

Holconia nigrigularis 45 3.87 

Isopedella cerussata 68 5.85 

Isopeda leishmanni 82 7.06 

Isopedella leai 107 9.21 

Delena cancerides 119 10.24 

Total 591 50.87 

The majority of species of huntsman spiders present in the ANHAT database have been 

rarely recorded, with 86 of the 116 species being represented by 10 or fewer individual 

record sites (Table 67). Again, such a large number of species leaves little opportunity to 

recognise trends in the database, especially as the habitat types of the majority are not easily 

identified. The very few records for most species leave it essentially impossible to state 

clearly what their habitat preferences are, even if there is any published information available 

to provide an indication. The limited information does not even allow broad regional 

distributions, with only state listings generally being available. This means that in most 

instances the distribution of a species is very difficult to assess with any confidence. 

However, some species with location data occur in more than one state, and the majority of 

species occur in eastern Australia. The lack of records for clearly often widespread species 

reflects the general lack of collecting and identification of the invertebrates within Australia. 

As is common for the invertebrates in general, no huntsman spider species have been 

assessed for listing under the EPBC Act. 

149

Table 67 Huntsman spider species with 10 or fewer individual site records in the ANHAT 

database. 

Species 

No. 

Records 


NRS Location 

Veg 

type 

Area 

(km 2 ) EPBC status 

Australosparsus a3 1 0.00 100 NL 

Beregama aurea 1 0.00 QLD, NSW For 100 NL 

Eodelena 

kosciuskoensis 1 100.00 NSW 100 NL 

Eodelena 

tasmaniensis 1 100.00 TAS 100 NL 

Heteropoda alta 1 0.00 QLD 100 NL 

Heteropoda cervina 1 0.00 QLD 100 NL 

Heteropoda crediton 1 0.00 QLD 100 NL 

Heteropoda marillana 1 100.00 WA 100 NL 

Heteropoda procera 1 100.00 QLD, NSW 100 NL 

*Heteropoda location 

138 1 0.00 NSW 100 NL 

Holconia 2 1 0.00 100 NL 

Isopeda brachyseta 1 0.00 NSW 100 NL 

Isopeda parnabyi 1 0.00 QLD, NSW 100 NL 

Isopeda subalpina 1 100.00 VIC 100 NL 

Isopeda vasta 1 0.00 QLD 100 NL 

Isopedella 1 1 0.00 100 NL 

Isopedella ambathala 1 100.00 QLD, SA 100 NL 

Isopedella cerina 1 0.00 QLD 100 NL 

Isopedella gibsandi 1 0.00 WA 100 NL 

Isopedella maculosa 1 100.00 WA 100 NL 

Neosparassus a8 1 0.00 100 NL 


Neosparassus n16 1 0.00 100 NL 









Pediana paradoxa 1 0.00 SA Ar 100 NL 

Typostola barbata 1 0.00 QLD 100 NL 

Typostola pilbara 1 0.00 WA 100 NL 

Heteropoda cf 

cervina 2 50.00 200 NL 

PANTROPIC 

NL 

Heteropoda venatoria 2 0.00 AL 200 

Isopeda canberrana 2 0.00 NSW, VIC 200 NL 

Isopeda 

queenslandensis 2 0.00 QLD, NSW 200 NL 


150





Neosparassus rutilus 2 50.00 QLD 400 NL 

Pediana 1 2 0.00 200 NL 

WA, QLD, 

NSW 200 NL 

Pediana regina 2 0.00 

Delena 2 3 66.67 200 NL 

Delena 3 3 0.00 300 NL 

Eodelena loftiensis 3 100.00 100 NL 

Heteropoda longipes 3 0.00 NSW 200 NL 

Holconia 1 3 0.00 300 NL 

Holconia colberti 3 0.00 VIC 200 NL 

Holconia hirsuta 3 0.00 QLD 300 NL 

Isopeda echuca 3 33.33 NSW, VIC 300 NL 





Neosparassus 

salacius 3 33.33 QLD, NSW 700 NL 




Pediana temmei 4 0.00 SA Ar 300 NL 

Australosparsus 

punctatus 5 60.00 600 NL 

Heteropoda 

binnaburra 5 20.00 QLD NSW 300 NL 

Holconia westralia 5 0.00 WA 500 NL 

Isopedella conspersa 5 0.00 QLD, NT 500 NL 


Eodelena 

melanochelis 6 16.67 QLD 500 NL 

Holconia immanis 6 0.00 AUST 700 NL 

Isopedella flavida 6 0.00 QLD, NSW 700 NL 

Pediana occidentalis 6 50.00 WA, SA 600 NL 

Heteropoda 

renibulbis 7 42.86 

WA, NT, 

QLD 800 NL 




Neosparassus 

NL 

praecinctus 7 0.00 600 

Eodelena spenceri 8 0.00 TAS 800 NL 

Heteropoda jugulans 8 0.00 QLD For 700 NL 

Holconia neglecta 8 37.50 WA, NT 900 NL 

Neosparassus 

inframaculatus 8 25.00 SA 700 NL 

151


Neosparassus 

patellatus 8 0.00 TAS 600 NL 

Delena gloriosa 9 33.33 SA 800 NL 

Isopedella frenchi 9 22.22 VIC, SA 800 NL 


Removal of extinct and poorly recorded species leaves 889 records in ANHAT for 30 species 

(and subspecies). The mean number of records per species for species with greater than 10 

records was 30, with a mean of 28% of records in the NRS. Only six species of huntsman 

spider had 45% or greater of individual site records located within PAs (Table 68) and only 

seven species were recorded with less than 10% of records located within PAs (Table 69). 

Table 68 Huntsman spider species with >45% of site records within the NRS. 

No. 

Records 

No. 

Records 



NRS 

Veg 

type 

Area 

(km 2 ) 

EPBC 

status 

Species 

Location 

Keilira 

sparsomaculata 13 6 46.15 SA 1200 NL 

Isopedella cana 21 10 47.62 WA, SA 1800 NL 

Isopedella 

saundersi 34 22 64.71 AUST 3100 NL 

Isopeda magna 24 16 66.67 WA, SA 2000 NL 

QLD, 

NL 

Holconia insignis 12 8 66.67 NSW 1000 

Neosparassus n59 12 11 91.67 1000 NL 

Table 69 Huntsman spider species with

The overall lack of records resulted in no species of huntsman spider being found to have 

records in more than 100 separate PAs. Thirteen species were found in five or fewer PAs 

and 14 in five or fewer PAs of greater than 1000 ha (Table 70). 

Table 70 Huntsman spider species recorded from five or fewer PAs and recorded in five or 

fewer PAs of greater than 1000 hectares. 


EPBC 

status 

Neosparassus n51 22 1 0 NL 

Isopeda villosa 24 1 1 NL 

Holconia murrayensis 22 2 2 NL 

Heteropoda 1 16 3 3 NL 

Pediana horni 17 3 3 NL 

Isopeda woodwardi 16 4 1 NL 

Neosparassus magareyi 11 4 3 NL 

Neosparassus diana 27 4 3 NL 

Australosparsus a4 19 4 4 NL 

Holconia flindersi 25 4 4 NL 

Neosparassus calligaster 12 5 5 NL 

Pediana tenuis 18 5 5 NL 

Neosparassus a4 20 5 5 NL 

Neosparassus punctatus 16 6 5 NL 

Isopeda montana 16 6 5 NL 

153

Ground beetles (Carabidae) 

The ANHAT database has 9569 records for 1203 species and subspecies of Carabidae. No 

species of Carabidae are considered extinct. 

Eighty-eight species account for approximately 50% of the total species records in ANHAT. 

These species have over 20 records each, and, in the case of the Pamborus alternans, over 

300 records (see Table 68). 

Table 71 Terrestrial beetle species that account for approximately 50% of the total species 


Species No. Records % Total Records 

Amblytelus brevis 23 0.24 

Catadromus lacordairei 23 0.24 

Geoscaptus cacus 23 0.24 

Trichosternus angulosus 23 0.24 

Coptocarpus australis 23 0.24 

Arthropterus westwoodii 23 0.24 

Sphallomorpha suturalis 24 0.25 

Philipis thompsoni 24 0.25 

Demetrida vittata 24 0.25 

Megacephala australis 25 0.26 

Eurylychnus dyschirioides 25 0.26 

Chlaenius darlingensis 25 0.26 

Scaraphites rotundipennis 25 0.26 

Rhytisternus miser 25 0.26 

Notonomus flos 27 0.28 

Carenum tinctilatum 27 0.28 

Cratoferonia regalis 27 0.28 

Notonomus marginatus 27 0.28 

Adelotopus dytiscides 27 0.28 

Platycoelus prolixus 27 0.28 

Mecyclothorax lewisensis 29 0.30 

Notonomus politulus 29 0.30 

Agonocheila perplexa 29 0.30 

Zeodera atra 30 0.31 

Notonomus transitus 30 0.31 

Laccopterum deauratum 31 0.32 

Carenum bonellii 32 0.33 

Chlaenius flaviguttatus 32 0.33 

Loxogenius opacipennis 33 0.34 

Trichosternus frater 33 0.34 

Notagonum submetallicum 33 0.34 

Trichosternus nudipes 33 0.34 

Leiradira opacistriatis 34 0.36 

Carenum interruptum 36 0.38 

Philoscaphus tuberculatus 36 0.38 

Cratogaster melas 37 0.39 

154

Trigonothops flavofasciata 37 0.39 

Eurylychnus blagravei 38 0.40 

Notonomus montorum 38 0.40 

Notonomus variicollis 39 0.41 

Nurus latipennis 39 0.41 

Notonomus rainbowi 40 0.42 

Pamborus brisbanensis 40 0.42 

Agonocheila curtula 40 0.42 

Leiradira alternans 41 0.43 

Castelnaudia setosiceps 41 0.43 

Notonomus masculinus 41 0.43 

Chlaenius australis 42 0.44 

Amblytelus curtus 44 0.46 

Castelnaudia septemcostata 44 0.46 

Pamborus transitus 45 0.47 

Trichosternus perater 45 0.47 

Pamborus pradieri 46 0.48 

Leiradira auricollis 46 0.48 

Castelnaudia speciosa 46 0.48 

Notonomus resplendens 47 0.49 

Lecanomerus niger 48 0.50 

Geoscaptus laevissimus 48 0.50 

Notonomus doddi 49 0.51 

Demetrida grandis 50 0.52 

Castelnaudia wilsoni 51 0.53 

Sarticus cyaneocinctus 51 0.53 

Cicindela semicincta 53 0.55 

Trichosternus subvirens 53 0.55 

Notolestus sulcipennis 54 0.56 

Trichosternus renardi 59 0.62 

Notonomus spurgeoni 61 0.64 

Gnathaphanus pulcher 63 0.66 

Notonomus angustibasis 64 0.67 

Pheropsophus verticalis 65 0.68 

Pamborus macleayi 68 0.71 

Setalis niger 70 0.73 

Helluo costatus 72 0.75 

Sitaphe rotundata 74 0.77 

Castelnaudia cordata 79 0.83 

Pamborus viridis 84 0.88 

Calosoma schayeri 86 0.90 

Castelnaudia marginifera 87 0.91 

Mystropomus regularis 88 0.92 

Pamborus opacus 98 1.02 

Carenum brisbanense 106 1.11 

Pamborus tropicus 121 1.26 

Castelnaudia obscuripennis 125 1.31 

Cratoferonia phylarchus 125 1.31 

Mystropomus subcostatus 148 1.55 

Trichosternus vigorsi 194 2.03 

155

Pamborus guerinii 210 2.19 

Pamborus alternans 325 3.40 

Total 4782 49.93 

Nine hundred and ninety-nine ground beetles had 10 or fewer individual site records in the 

ANHAT database (Table 72). No species are listed as threatened. Most of these species have 

no location information. Of those that do, 74 percent are found in eastern Australia. These 

species have been excluded from analysis but are included here for reference. Exclusion of 

these poorly recorded species eliminates 1780 records. 

Table 72. Carabidae species with 10 or fewer individual site records in the ANHAT 

database. 

Species 

No. Records 


NRS Location 

Veg 

type 

Area 

(km 2 ) 

EPBC 

status 

Adelotopus nemosomoides 1 100.0 100 NL 

Agonocheila bimaculata 1 100.0 100 NL 

Agonocheila subfasciata 1 100.0 SA Euc 200 NL 

Agonocheila vittula 1 100.0 SA, VIC Euc 100 NL 

Anomotarus nq2 1 100.0 100 NL 

Austrotrechus kosciuskoanus 1 100.0 100 NL 

Carenum episcopale 1 100.0 100 NL 

Carenum morosum 1 100.0 100 NL 

Carenum planipenne 1 100.0 100 NL 

Carenum pusillum 1 100.0 100 NL 

Cicindela cardinalba 1 100.0 SA Rip 100 NL 

Cicindela darwini 1 100.0 200 NL 

Clivina lobipes 1 100.0 100 NL 

Clivina monilicornis 1 100.0 100 NL 

Clivina nyctosyloides 1 100.0 100 NL 

Colasidia monteithi 1 100.0 QLD For 100 NL 

Conopterum chaudoirii 1 100.0 100 NL 

Demetrida setosa 1 100.0 TAS Euc 100 NL 

Dicrochile punctulata 1 100.0 100 NL 

Distipsidera papuana 1 100.0 200 NL 

Eurylychnus femoralis 1 100.0 TAS For 100 NL 

Eurylychnus kershawi 1 100.0 100 NL 

Euryscaphus angulatus 1 100.0 100 NL 

Eutrechopsis ovalis 1 100.0 100 NL 

Gnathaphanus multipunctatus 1 100.0 100 NL 

Hormacrus latus 1 100.0 100 NL 

Lacordairia cq1 1 100.0 100 NL 

Mimotrechus obscuroguttatus 1 100.0 100 NL 

Mimotrechus scitulus 1 100.0 100 NL 

Monocentrum megacephalum 1 100.0 100 NL 

Mystropomus regularis laevis 1 100.0 100 NL 

Notonomus 2 1 100.0 100 NL 

Notonomus bakewelli 1 100.0 SE For 100 NL 

156

Notonomus cbcr3 6 1 100.0 100 NL 

Notonomus dehiscens 1 100.0 SE For 100 NL 

Notonomus prominens 1 100.0 E 100 NL 

Percodermus niger 1 100.0 TAS For 100 NL 

Percolestus blackburni 1 100.0 SE Al 100 NL 

Philipis heatherae 1 100.0 QLD For 100 NL 

Philipis minor 1 100.0 QLD For 100 NL 

Philipis nq1 1 100.0 100 NL 

Philipis nq2 1 100.0 100 NL 

Philipis perstriata 1 100.0 QLD For 100 NL 

Philipis picea 1 100.0 QLD For 100 NL 

Philipis reticulata 1 100.0 QLD For 100 NL 

Philipis spurgeoni 1 100.0 QLD For 100 NL 

Philipis vicina 1 100.0 QLD For 100 NL 

Promecoderus pacificus 1 100.0 100 NL 

Promecoderus plebius 1 100.0 100 NL 

Promecoderus tasmanicus 1 100.0 SE,TAS For 200 NL 

NSW,QLD,S 

A,VIC Wet 100 NL 

Pseudaptinus fulvus 1 100.0 

Pterocyrtus cavicola 1 100.0 TAS Cave 100 NL 

Pterocyrtus rubescens 1 100.0 100 NL 

Sarothrocrepis setulosa 1 100.0 NSW Euc 100 NL 

Scopodes simplex 1 100.0 100 NL 

Tasmanitachoides hobarti 1 100.0 TAS Rip 100 NL 

Tasmanitachoides wattsense 1 100.0 100 NL 

Tasmanorites nitens 1 100.0 TAS Al,Lit 100 NL 

Tasmanorites tasmaniae 1 100.0 TAS Lit 200 NL 

Tasmanotrechus elongatus 1 100.0 TAS Cave 100 NL 

Teraphis crenulata 1 100.0 100 NL 

Tricondyla aptera 1 100.0 QLD For 100 NL 

Abacetus ater 1 0.0 100 NL 

Abacetus haemorrhous 1 0.0 100 NL 

Acupalpus tachioides 1 0.0 100 NL 

Adelotopus affinis 1 0.0 100 NL 

Adelotopus analis 1 0.0 100 NL 

Adelotopus bimaculatus 

angustior 1 0.0 100 NL 

Adelotopus dubius glaber 1 0.0 Euc 100 NL 

Adelotopus laticollis 1 0.0 100 NL 

Adelotopus linearis 1 0.0 

NT, QLD, 

WA Euc 100 NL 

Adelotopus maculipennis 1 0.0 QLD Euc 100 NL 

Adelotopus minor 1 0.0 100 NL 

ACT, NSW, 

VIC Euc 100 NL 

Adelotopus similis 1 0.0 

Adelotopus ulrichi 1 0.0 200 NL 

Adotela carenoides 1 0.0 100 NL 

Adotela esmeralda 1 0.0 100 NL 

Adotela frenchi 1 0.0 100 NL 

Adotela viridis 1 0.0 100 NL 

157

Agonocheila fasciata 1 0.0 200 NL 

Agonocheila ovalis 1 0.0 100 NL 

Agonocheila stictica 1 0.0 100 NL 

Amblystomus gagatinus 1 0.0 100 NL 

Amblystomus laetus 1 0.0 100 NL 

Amblystomus montanus 1 0.0 100 NL 

Amblystomus parvus 1 0.0 100 NL 

Amblytelus bicolor 1 0.0 100 NL 

Amblytelus minutus 1 0.0 100 NL 

Amblytelus sinuatus 1 0.0 100 NL 

Amblytelus sloanei 1 0.0 100 NL 

Anatrichis pusilla 1 0.0 100 NL 

Anatrichis sexstriata 1 0.0 100 NL 

Anomotarus ambs1 1 0.0 100 NL 

Anomotarus crassiceps 1 0.0 100 NL 

Arthropterus articularis 1 0.0 100 NL 

Arthropterus foveicollis 1 0.0 100 NL 

Arthropterus foveipennis 1 0.0 100 NL 

Arthropterus humeralis 1 0.0 100 NL 

Arthropterus kingii 1 0.0 100 NL 

Arthropterus macleayi 1 0.0 100 NL 

Arthropterus melbournei 1 0.0 100 NL 

Arthropterus punctatissimus 1 0.0 100 NL 

NSW, SA, 

Bembidion blackburni 1 0.0 

TAS, VIC He 200 NL 

ACT, NSW, 

SA, VIC Rip 100 NL 

Bembidion brullei 1 0.0 

Bembidion mastersi 1 0.0 100 NL 

Bothynotrechus castelnaui 1 0.0 VIC 100 NL 

Cainogenion tropicum 1 0.0 100 NL 

Carenum 2 1 0.0 100 NL 

Carenum ambs1 2 1 0.0 100 NL 

Carenum angustipenne 1 0.0 100 NL 

Carenum batesi 1 0.0 100 NL 

Carenum browni 1 0.0 100 NL 

Carenum carbonarium 1 0.0 100 NL 

Carenum coruscum 1 0.0 100 NL 

Carenum cupripenne 1 0.0 100 NL 

Carenum digglesi 1 0.0 100 NL 

Carenum distinctum 1 0.0 100 NL 

Carenum ducale 1 0.0 100 NL 

Carenum felix 1 0.0 100 NL 

Carenum formosum 1 0.0 100 NL 

Carenum frenchi 1 0.0 100 NL 

Carenum froggatti 1 0.0 100 NL 

Carenum habitans 1 0.0 100 NL 

Carenum ineditum 1 0.0 100 NL 

Carenum iridescens 1 0.0 100 NL 

Carenum kingii 1 0.0 100 NL 

Carenum laterale 1 0.0 NSW 100 NL 

158

Carenum lepidum 1 0.0 100 NL 

Carenum macleayi 1 0.0 100 NL 

Carenum odewahnii 1 0.0 100 NL 

Carenum perplexum 1 0.0 100 NL 

Carenum puncticolle 1 0.0 100 NL 

Carenum smaragdulum 1 0.0 200 NL 

Carenum submetallicum 1 0.0 100 NL 

Carenum tibiale 1 0.0 100 NL 

Catascopus chalydicus 1 0.0 100 NL 

Cenogmus ambs1 2 1 0.0 100 NL 

Cenogmus opacipennis 1 0.0 SA 100 NL 

Cerotalis versicolor 1 0.0 VIC 100 NL 

Chlaenius subcostatus 1 0.0 100 NL 

Cicindela blackburni 1 0.0 100 NL 

Cicindela frenchi 1 0.0 200 NL 

Cicindela gilesi 1 0.0 100 NL 

Cicindela salicursoria 1 0.0 WA Rip 100 NL 

Cicindela tetragramma 1 0.0 100 NL 

Cicindela upsilon 1 0.0 200 NL 

Clivina atridorsis 1 0.0 100 NL 

Clivina brevisterna 1 0.0 200 NL 

Clivina carpentaria 1 0.0 NT, QLD Rip 100 NL 

Clivina cava 1 0.0 100 NL 

Clivina coronata 1 0.0 100 NL 

Clivina debilis 1 0.0 100 NL 

Clivina dimidiata 1 0.0 100 NL 

Clivina frenchi 1 0.0 100 NL 

Clivina gracilipes 1 0.0 100 NL 

Clivina leai 1 0.0 200 NL 

Clivina obliquata 1 0.0 100 NL 

Clivina odontomera 1 0.0 100 NL 

Clivina pallidiceps 1 0.0 100 NL 

Clivina planifrons 1 0.0 100 NL 

ACT, NSW, 

QLD, VIC, 

WA Rip 200 NL 

Clivina sellata 1 0.0 

Clivina simulans 1 0.0 100 NL 

Clivina tuberculifrons 1 0.0 100 NL 

Clivina vagans 1 0.0 200 NL 

Conopterum damelii 1 0.0 100 NL 

Conopterum gagatinum 1 0.0 100 NL 

Conopterum sapphirinum 1 0.0 100 NL 

Cosmodiscus rubripictus 1 0.0 100 NL 

Craspedophorus angusticeps 1 0.0 QLD SL 100 NL 

Craspedophorus comptus 1 0.0 100 NL 

Craspedophorus elongatus 1 0.0 100 NL 

Cratogaster cq1 1 0.0 100 NL 

Cratogaster robusta 1 0.0 100 NL 

Darodilia liopleura 1 0.0 100 NL 

Darodilia ovicollis 1 0.0 100 NL 

159

Demetrida angusticollis 1 0.0 100 NL 

Demetrida doddi 1 0.0 100 NL 

Demetrida fasciata 1 0.0 100 NL 

Demetrida opicalis 1 0.0 100 NL 

Dicraspeda brunneipennis 1 0.0 100 NL 

Distipsidera mastersii 1 0.0 200 NL 

Egadroma suturalis 1 0.0 QLD, WA 100 NL 

Elaphropus nervosus 1 0.0 100 NL 

Elaphropus ovensensis 1 0.0 100 NL 

Epilectus mastersi 1 0.0 100 NL 

Epimicodema mastersii 1 0.0 100 NL 

Euryscaphus obesus ebeninus 1 0.0 100 NL 

Euryscaphus obesus obesus 1 0.0 100 NL 

HG, 

WL, 

SL, 

GrL, 

Ar, Sc 100 NL 

Euryscaphus obesus 

sulcicollis 1 0.0 SA 

Euthenarus morganensis 1 0.0 100 NL 

Euthenarus promptus 1 0.0 200 NL 

Eutrechus coxi 1 0.0 100 NL 

Eutrechus otwayensis 1 0.0 100 NL 

Feronista cq1 1 0.0 100 NL 

Geoscaptus ambs1 1 1 0.0 100 NL 

Gigadema dux 1 0.0 100 NL 

Gigadema mandibulare 1 0.0 100 NL 

Gigadema rugaticolle 1 0.0 100 NL 

Gnathaphanus herbaceus 1 0.0 100 NL 

Gnathoxys cicatricosus 1 0.0 200 NL 

Gnathoxys crassipes 1 0.0 100 NL 

Gnathoxys foveatus 1 0.0 100 NL 

Gnathoxys tesselatus 1 0.0 100 NL 

Helluarchus robustus 1 0.0 100 NL 

Holcoderus caeruleipennis 1 0.0 100 NL 

Hololeius ceylanicus 1 0.0 100 NL 

Homethes rotundatus 1 0.0 100 NL 

Homethes velutinus 1 0.0 100 NL 

Hypharpax aereus 1 0.0 100 NL 

Hypharpax convexiusculus 1 0.0 100 NL 

Hypharpax flindersii 1 0.0 100 NL 

Hypharpax kingii 1 0.0 100 NL 

Hypharpax moestus 1 0.0 100 NL 

Hypharpax obsoletus 1 0.0 100 NL 

Hypharpax puncticollis 1 0.0 NE 100 NL 

Hypharpax sloanei 1 0.0 100 NL 

Laccocenus ambiguus 1 0.0 SE 100 NL 

Laccopterum doddi 1 0.0 100 NL 

Laccopterum foveipenne 1 0.0 100 NL 

Laccopterum foveolatum 1 0.0 100 NL 

Laccopterum humerale 1 0.0 100 NL 

160

Laccopterum quadriseriatum 1 0.0 100 NL 

Lacordairia anchomenoides 1 0.0 100 NL 

Lacordairia cbcr3 1 0.0 100 NL 

Lebia bicolor 1 0.0 100 NL 

Lebia melanonota 1 0.0 100 NL 

Lecanomerus concolor 1 0.0 100 NL 

Lecanomerus ruficeps 1 0.0 100 NL 

Leiradira latreillei 1 0.0 100 NL 

Leiradira puella 1 0.0 100 NL 

Lesticus chloronotus 1 0.0 200 NL 

Loxandrus amplicollis 1 0.0 100 NL 

Loxandrus subgagatinus 1 0.0 100 NL 

Loxandrus subiridescens 1 0.0 100 NL 

Mecyclothorax ambs1 1 1 0.0 100 NL 

Mecynognathus damelii 1 0.0 100 NL 

Megacephala hopei 1 0.0 100 NL 

Megacephala howittii 1 0.0 100 NL 

Megacephala intermedia 1 0.0 200 NL 

Megacephala marginicollis 1 0.0 100 NL 

Megacephala murchisona 1 0.0 100 NL 

Megacephala scapularis 1 0.0 100 NL 

Megacephala spenceri 1 0.0 100 NL 

Microferonia adelaidae 1 0.0 100 NL 

Microferonia anchomenoides 1 0.0 100 NL 

Microferonia cinctipennis 1 0.0 100 NL 

Mimotrechus carteri 1 0.0 100 NL 

Monocentrum convexum 1 0.0 100 NL 

Monocentrum laticeps 1 0.0 100 NL 

Monocentrum longiceps 1 0.0 100 NL 

Morion crassipes 1 0.0 100 NL 

Morion longipennis 1 0.0 100 NL 

Neocarenum retusum 1 0.0 100 NL 

Neoscaphus simplex 1 0.0 100 NL 

Nickerlea sloanei 1 0.0 100 NL 

Notagonum dentellum 1 0.0 NE 100 NL 

Notiobia planiuscula 1 0.0 100 NL 

Notiobia planoimpressa 1 0.0 100 NL 

Notiobia quadricollis 1 0.0 100 NL 

Notonomus curvicollis 1 0.0 SE Al 100 NL 

Notonomus dives 1 0.0 100 NL 

Notonomus metallicus 1 0.0 100 NL 

Notonomus spenceri 1 0.0 100 NL 

Notonomus subiridescens 1 0.0 100 NL 

Notonomus tenuistriatus 1 0.0 100 NL 

Notonomus tessellatus 1 0.0 E For 100 NL 

Notonomus tillyardi 1 0.0 100 NL 

Notonomus wentworthi 1 0.0 100 NL 

Notospeophonus pallidus 1 0.0 SW Cave 100 NL 

Nurus cq1 1 0.0 100 NL 

Oodes denisonensis 1 0.0 100 NL 

161

Oodes froggatti 1 0.0 CN 200 NL 

Parroa grandis 1 0.0 100 NL 

Pediomorphus planiusculus 1 0.0 200 NL 

Pentagonica ruficollis 1 0.0 100 NL 

Pericompsus olliffi 1 0.0 100 NL 

Pericompsus semistriatus 1 0.0 100 NL 

Pericompsus yarrensis 1 0.0 100 NL 

Perigona nigriceps 1 0.0 100 NL 

Perileptus minimus 1 0.0 100 NL 

Philophloeus brunnipennis 1 0.0 100 NL 

Philophloeus cbcr3 1 1 0.0 100 NL 

Philophloeus cbcr3 2 1 0.0 100 NL 

Philophloeus confertus 1 0.0 100 NL 

Philophloeus maculatus 1 0.0 100 NL 

Philophloeus myrmecophilus 1 0.0 100 NL 

Philophloeus obtusus 1 0.0 100 NL 

Philophloeus opaciceps 1 0.0 100 NL 

Philophloeus ornatus 1 0.0 SE,SW Euc 100 NL 

Philophloeus rectangulus 1 0.0 SE Euc 100 NL 

Philophloeus vittatus 1 0.0 100 NL 

Philoscaphus barnardi 1 0.0 100 NL 

Phorticosomus grandis 1 0.0 100 NL 

Phorticosomus macleayi 1 0.0 100 NL 

Phorticosomus mucronatus 1 0.0 100 NL 

Phorticosomus piceus 1 0.0 100 NL 

Phorticosomus randalli 1 0.0 100 NL 

Platycoelus interstitialis 1 0.0 100 NL 

Pogonoglossus inflaticeps 1 0.0 100 NL 

Pogonoschema robustum 1 0.0 TAS Lit 100 NL 

Pogonoschema sloanei 1 0.0 100 NL 

Pogonus hypharpagioides 1 0.0 SA,VIC SaL 100 NL 

Pogonus variabilis 1 0.0 100 NL 

Porocara punctata 

arnhemensis 1 0.0 100 NL 

Promecoderus albaniensis 1 0.0 100 NL 

Promecoderus anguliceps 1 0.0 100 NL 

Promecoderus bassii 1 0.0 100 NL 

Promecoderus cordicollis 1 0.0 TAS 200 NL 

Promecoderus hunteriensis 1 0.0 100 NL 

Promecoderus insignis 1 0.0 100 NL 

Promecoderus mastersii 1 0.0 100 NL 

Promecoderus neglectus 1 0.0 100 NL 

Promecoderus pygmaeus 1 0.0 100 NL 

Promecoderus subdepressus 1 0.0 100 NL 

Prosopogmus foveipennis 1 0.0 100 NL 

Prosopogmus punctifer 1 0.0 TAS For 200 NL 

Prosopogmus suspectus 1 0.0 200 NL 

Pseudagonica nitida 1 0.0 100 NL 

Pseudomorpha insignis 1 0.0 NSW,VIC 100 NL 

Rhaebolestes walkeri 1 0.0 100 NL 

162

Rhytisternus ambs1 1 1 0.0 100 NL 

Rhytisternus cardwellensis 1 0.0 100 NL 

Rhytisternus mastersii 1 0.0 100 NL 

Rhytisternus nigellus 1 0.0 100 NL 

Rhytisternus solidus 1 0.0 QLD 100 NL 

Sarothrocrepis cbcr3 1 1 0.0 100 NL 

Sarothrocrepis humerata 1 0.0 100 NL 

Sarothrocrepis inquinata 1 0.0 100 NL 

Sarothrocrepis parvicollis 1 0.0 200 NL 

Sarticus macleayi 1 0.0 100 NL 

Sarticus obscurus 1 0.0 100 NL 

Scaraphites humeralis 1 0.0 100 NL 

Scaraphites lenaeus pacificus 1 0.0 100 NL 

Scopodes ambs1 1 1 0.0 100 NL 

Scopodes griffithi 1 0.0 100 NL 

Scopodes laevis 1 0.0 100 NL 

Setodyschirius wilsoni 1 0.0 100 NL 

Setodyschirius zonatus 1 0.0 100 NL 

Siagonyx 1 1 0.0 100 NL 

NSW, SA, 

Speotarus lucifugus 1 0.0 

WA 100 NL 

NT, QLD, 

WA 100 NL 

Sphallomorpha amabilis 1 0.0 

Sphallomorpha ambs1 1 0.0 100 NL 

Sphallomorpha atrata 1 0.0 100 NL 

Sphallomorpha bicolor 1 0.0 NSW, QLD Euc 100 NL 

Sphallomorpha biplagiata 1 0.0 100 NL 

Sphallomorpha boops 1 0.0 100 NL 

Sphallomorpha carnavona 1 0.0 100 NL 

Sphallomorpha eungellae 1 0.0 100 NL 

Sphallomorpha incerta 1 0.0 100 NL 

Sphallomorpha laevigata 1 0.0 100 NL 

Sphallomorpha longiplagiata 1 0.0 100 NL 

Sphallomorpha marginata 1 0.0 100 NL 

Sphallomorpha metallica 1 0.0 100 NL 

Sphallomorpha minor 1 0.0 100 NL 

Sphallomorpha multiseta 1 0.0 100 NL 

Sphallomorpha picta 1 0.0 NSW, QLD Euc 100 NL 

Sphallomorpha 

rockhamptonensis 1 0.0 100 NL 

Sphallomorpha speciosa 1 0.0 100 NL 

Sphallomorpha striata 1 0.0 100 NL 

Sphallomorpha 

striatopunctata 1 0.0 100 NL 

Sphallomorpha torresia 1 0.0 100 NL 

Sphallomorpha tropicalis 1 0.0 100 NL 

Tachys ectromioides 1 0.0 100 NL 

Tachys impressipennis 1 0.0 200 NL 

Tachys infuscatus 1 0.0 100 NL 

Tachys lividus 1 0.0 100 NL 

163

Tachys mastersi 1 0.0 100 NL 

Tachys mitchelli 1 0.0 100 NL 

Tachys queenslandicus 1 0.0 100 NL 

Tachyta brunnipennis 1 0.0 100 NL 

Tasmanitachoides 

murrumbidgensis 1 0.0 300 NL 

Tasmanitachoides obliquiceps 1 0.0 100 NL 

Teraphis helmsi 1 0.0 100 NL 

Trechobembix baldiensis 

queenslandica 1 0.0 QLD Rip 100 NL 

Trichocarenum castelnaui 1 0.0 100 NL 

Trigonothops humeralis 1 0.0 WA Euc 100 NL 

Trigonothops mastersii 1 0.0 100 NL 

Tropidotrechus victoriae 1 0.0 VIC Lit 100 NL 

Zuphium castelnaui 1 0.0 100 NL 

Zuphium pindan 1 0.0 100 NL 

Zuphium thouzeti 1 0.0 100 NL 

Adelotopus apicalis 2 50.0 200 NL 

Adelotopus murrayanus 2 100.0 200 NL 

Agonocheila mollis 2 50.0 200 NL 

Agonocheila sublaevis 2 50.0 NSW Euc 200 NL 

Carenum laevipenne 2 50.0 200 NL 

Carenum punctipenne 2 50.0 100 NL 

Carenum purpureum 2 50.0 200 NL 

Castelnaudia kirrama 2 100.0 QLD For 100 NL 

Clivina dingo 2 50.0 QLD Rip 200 NL 

Conopterum tropicale 2 50.0 QLD 200 NL 

Demetrida loweri 2 50.0 200 NL 

Demetrida parallela 2 50.0 200 NL 

Demetrida quadricollis 2 50.0 200 NL 

Dicrochile gigas 2 50.0 200 NL 

Dilonchus pictus 2 50.0 200 NL 

Distipsidera eungellae 2 50.0 QLD For 200 NL 

Distipsidera hackeri 2 50.0 200 NL 

Eurylychnus victoriae 2 50.0 200 NL 

Gnathoxys humeralis 2 100.0 CS 200 NL 

Haplaner velox 2 50.0 SE 200 NL 

Leiradira nq1 2 100.0 100 NL 

Loxoncus marginatus 2 50.0 200 NL 

Mecyclothorax punctatus 2 50.0 E,SE 200 NL 

Notagonum macleayi 2 100.0 NE 200 NL 

Notonomus apicalis 2 50.0 200 NL 



Notonomus fergusoni 2 50.0 200 NL 

Notonomus hedleyi 2 50.0 200 NL 

Notonomus kosciuskianus 2 100.0 200 NL 

Notonomus lateralis 2 50.0 100 NL 

Notonomus minimus 2 50.0 200 NL 

Notonomus muelleri 2 100.0 200 NL 

164

Parophonus opacus 2 50.0 100 NL 

Paussotropus cylindricum 2 50.0 SE 200 NL 

Philipis alticola 2 100.0 QLD For 200 NL 

Philipis geoffreyi 2 100.0 QLD For 100 NL 

Philipis inermis 2 100.0 QLD For 100 NL 

Philipis laevigata 2 100.0 QLD For 200 NL 

Philipis laevis 2 100.0 QLD For 100 NL 

Philipis quadraticollis 2 100.0 QLD 200 NL 

Philipis striata 2 50.0 QLD For 200 NL 

Plagiotelum opalescens 2 50.0 200 NL 

Rhytisternus callabonnensis 2 100.0 SA 200 NL 

Sarothrocrepis posticalis 2 50.0 200 NL 

Sarticus cooki 2 100.0 200 NL 

Simodontus clermonti 2 100.0 TAS, VIC 200 NL 

Simodontus rotundipennnis 2 50.0 200 NL 

Teropha sturtii 2 50.0 200 NL 

Theprisa australis 2 50.0 VIC 200 NL 

Trichosternus nq1 2 100.0 NE? 200 NL 

Trigonothops parviceps 2 50.0 NSW Euc 200 NL 

NSW, NT, 

QLD, SA, 

VIC, WA 200 NL 

Zuphium australe 2 50.0 

Abacetus angustior 2 0.0 200 NL 

Adelotopus fasciatus 2 0.0 200 NL 

Adelotopus puncticollis 2 0.0 200 NL 

Adelotopus seriepunctatus 2 0.0 VIC 200 NL 

Adotela concolor 2 0.0 200 NL 

Agonocheila guttata 2 0.0 VIC Euc 200 NL 

Amblystomus quadriguttatus 2 0.0 200 NL 

Amblytelus leai 2 0.0 200 NL 

Anomotarus caerulescens 2 0.0 200 NL 

Apotomus ambs1 2 0.0 200 NL 

Arthropterus angulicornis 2 0.0 200 NL 

Arthropterus hirtus 2 0.0 200 NL 

Arthropterus howittii 2 0.0 200 NL 

Bembidion errans 2 0.0 

SA, TAS, 

VIC, WA 

estuarin 

e 300 NL 

Cainogenion ambs1 1 2 0.0 200 NL 

Carenum acutipes 2 0.0 200 NL 

Carenum ambs1 2 0.0 200 NL 

Carenum concinnum 2 0.0 200 NL 

Carenum coracinum 2 0.0 300 NL 

Carenum imitator 2 0.0 200 NL 

Carenum speciosum 2 0.0 200 NL 

Carenum striatopunctatum 2 0.0 200 NL 

Carenum subcyaneum 2 0.0 200 NL 

Carenum venustum 2 0.0 200 NL 

Carenum virescens 2 0.0 200 NL 

Cenogmus ambs1 1 2 0.0 200 NL 

Cicindela albolineata 2 0.0 NT, QLD, Rip 200 NL 

165

WA 

Cicindela aurita 2 0.0 200 NL 

Cicindela browni 2 0.0 200 NL 

Clivina boops 2 0.0 200 NL 

Clivina bovillae 2 0.0 200 NL 

Clivina obliquicollis 2 0.0 200 NL 

Clivina oodnadattae 2 0.0 200 NL 

Clivina pectoralis 2 0.0 200 NL 

Clivina robusta 2 0.0 200 NL 

Colpodes truncatellus 2 0.0 200 NL 

Conopterum atrum 2 0.0 200 NL 

Conopterum mucronatum 2 0.0 200 NL 

Conopterum pyripenne 2 0.0 200 NL 

Conopterum spaldingii 2 0.0 NT 200 NL 

Coptoglossus carteri 2 0.0 200 NL 

Darodilia curta 2 0.0 QLD For 200 NL 

Demetrida cylindricollis 2 0.0 200 NL 

Demetrida marginipennis 2 0.0 200 NL 

Demetrida nigricincta 2 0.0 200 NL 

Demetrida tweedensis 2 0.0 200 NL 

Dicrochile brevicollis 2 0.0 200 NL 

Distipsidera flavicans 2 0.0 200 NL 

Drypta mastersii 2 0.0 200 NL 

Elaphropus flavicornis 2 0.0 200 NL 

Eudalia castelnaui 2 0.0 200 NL 

Euthenarus comes 2 0.0 200 NL 

Geoscaptus crassus 2 0.0 QLD 300 NL 

Gnathaphanus latus 2 0.0 200 NL 

Gnathaphanus licinoides 2 0.0 200 NL 

Gnathoxys granularis 2 0.0 300 NL 

Helluapterus niger 2 0.0 300 NL 

Hypharpax interioris 2 0.0 200 NL 

Hypharpax ranula 2 0.0 200 NL 

Laccopterum salebrosum 2 0.0 200 NL 

Lacordairia argutoroides 2 0.0 200 NL 

Lecanomerus atriceps 2 0.0 200 NL 

Lecanomerus bicolor 2 0.0 100 NL 

Lecanomerus major 2 0.0 200 NL 

Lecanomerus speluncarius 2 0.0 CS Cave 100 NL 

Lecanomerus victoriensis 2 0.0 200 NL 

Loxandrus australicus 2 0.0 200 NL 

Loxandrus longiformis 2 0.0 W,CN,E,SE 200 NL 

Lymnastis pilosus 2 0.0 200 NL 

Mecyclothorax lateralis 2 0.0 SE,CS 200 NL 

Megacephala castelnaui 2 0.0 SW SaL 200 NL 

Megacephala helmsi 2 0.0 200 NL 

Megalopaussus amplipennis 2 0.0 200 NL 

Microferonia marginata 2 0.0 300 NL 

Microlestodes australiensis 2 0.0 200 NL 

Microlestodes yarrae 2 0.0 200 NL 

166

Moriodema mcoyei 2 0.0 200 NL 

Morion novaehollandiae 2 0.0 200 NL 

Mystropomus subcostatus 

chaudoiri 2 0.0 200 NL 

Neocarenum spenceri 2 0.0 200 NL 

Notiobia sculptipennis 2 0.0 200 NL 

Notonomus aeques 2 0.0 200 NL 

Notonomus atrodermis 

atrodermis 2 0.0 E,SE For 200 NL 

Notonomus atrodermis smithi 2 0.0 SE For 200 NL 

Notonomus gravis 2 0.0 200 NL 

Notonomus lesueurii 2 0.0 200 NL 

Notonomus polli 2 0.0 E For 100 NL 

Oodes fitzroyensis 2 0.0 200 NL 

Parazuphium mastersii 2 0.0 SE Wet 200 NL 

Parroa noctis 2 0.0 200 NL 

Pericompsus punctipennis 2 0.0 E 200 NL 

Perigona dorsata 2 0.0 200 NL 

Pheropsophus ambs1 1 2 0.0 200 NL 

Philoscaphus carinatus 2 0.0 200 NL 

Physoloesthus suturalis 2 0.0 E,SE 200 NL 

Pogonus cardiotrachelus 2 0.0 SE,I,W SaL 300 NL 

Promecoderus ambs1 2 0.0 100 NL 

Promecoderus blackburni 2 0.0 200 NL 

Promecoderus nigellus 2 0.0 200 NL 

Prosopogmus boisduvalii 2 0.0 200 NL 

Prosopogmus harpaloides 2 0.0 200 NL 

Rhysopleura orbicollis 2 0.0 200 NL 

Sarothrocrepis gravis 2 0.0 200 NL 

Sarticus ambs1 1 2 0.0 200 NL 

Sarticus ischnus 2 0.0 200 NL 

Scaraphites laticollis gigas 2 0.0 200 NL 

NSW, TAS, 

WA 400 NL 

Scopodes aterrimus 2 0.0 

Simodontus ambs1 1 2 0.0 QLD? 100 NL 

Simodontus convexus 2 0.0 200 NL 

Sphallomorpha difficilis 2 0.0 200 NL 

NT, QLD, 

WA WL 200 NL 

Sphallomorpha flavicollis 2 0.0 

Sphallomorpha thouzeti 2 0.0 200 NL 

Sphallomorpha uniformis 2 0.0 200 NL 

Stichonotus leai 2 0.0 TAS For 200 NL 

Tachys uniformis 2 0.0 200 NL 

Lit,Cav 

e 400 NL 

Tasmanotrechus leai 2 0.0 TAS 

Trechodes secalioides 2 0.0 NSW, VIC Rip 200 NL 

Trichocarenum cylindricum 2 0.0 200 NL 

Trichosternus relictus 2 0.0 WA For 100 NL 

Trigonothops australis 2 0.0 TAS, VIC Euc 200 NL 

Trigonothops pauper 2 0.0 200 NL 

167

Violagonum violaceum 2 0.0 QLD For 200 NL 

Adelotopus vicinus 3 100.0 300 NL 

Agonocheila punctulata 3 33.3 300 NL 

Arthropterus waterhousei 3 33.3 300 NL 

Bembidion albovirens 3 33.3 300 NL 

Carenum dispar 3 33.3 300 NL 

Cicindela ioscelis 3 33.3 200 NL 

Cicindela nigrina 3 33.3 300 NL 

Clarencia quadridens 3 33.3 QLD Wet 300 NL 

Clivina obscuripes 3 33.3 300 NL 

Clivina queenslandica 3 33.3 300 NL 

Conopterum superbum 3 66.7 300 NL 

Cratogaster unicolor 3 33.3 300 NL 

Delinius essingtoni 3 66.7 300 NL 

Demetrida elongata 3 33.3 300 NL 

Demetrida infuscata 3 33.3 TAS Euc 300 NL 

Dicrochile minuta 3 33.3 300 NL 

Dicrochile quadricollis 3 33.3 

NSW, TAS, 

VIC 300 NL 

Distipsidera sericea 3 33.3 QLD For 300 NL 

Eurylychnus ovipennis 3 66.7 NSW For 300 NL 

Euryscaphus waterhousei 3 33.3 NT, WA 

HG, 

WL, 

SL, 

GrL, 

Ar, Sc 300 NL 

Helluosoma atrum 3 33.3 300 NL 

Hypharpax queenslandicus 3 33.3 300 NL 

Idacarabus longicollis 3 100.0 TAS Cave 400 NL 

Laccopterum darwiniense 3 33.3 400 NL 

Lacordairia proxima 3 33.3 SE For 300 NL 

Leiradira latreillei latreillei 3 66.7 200 NL 

Loxandrus gagatinus 3 33.3 TAS 300 NL 

Loxandrus nq1 3 66.7 300 NL 

Megadromus eborensis 3 100.0 100 NL 

Morion longicollis 3 33.3 400 NL 

Notiobia flavipalpis 3 33.3 200 NL 

Notonomus carteri 3 66.7 300 NL 

Notonomus froggatti 3 33.3 300 NL 

Notonomus queenslandicus 3 66.7 E For 200 NL 

Notonomus strzeleckianus 3 66.7 300 NL 

Notonomus truncatus 3 66.7 200 NL 

Pamborus pradieri darlingtoni 3 66.7 E For 200 NL 

Paranurus macleayi 3 33.3 NE For 300 NL 

Percosoma substriatum 3 66.7 SE For 200 NL 

Perigona picta 3 33.3 300 NL 

Phaenaulax nanus 3 33.3 300 NL 

Philipis bicolor 3 100.0 QLD For 200 NL 

Philipis distinguenda 3 100.0 QLD For 200 NL 

Philipis ellioti 3 100.0 QLD For 100 NL 

168

Philipis picta 3 100.0 QLD For 200 NL 

Philipis trunci 3 100.0 QLD For 200 NL 

Philophloeus moestus 3 100.0 SE Euc 300 NL 

Philophloeus quadripennis 3 66.7 E,SE Euc 200 NL 

Platycoelus poeciloides 3 33.3 400 NL 

Platylytron amplipenne 3 33.3 SW,W 300 NL 

Promecoderus olivaceus 3 33.3 300 NL 

Sarothrocrepis tridens 3 66.7 SA Euc 300 NL 

Sarticus civilis 3 33.3 300 NL 

Sarticus dixoni 3 33.3 NSW, VIC SL 300 NL 

Sarticus impar 3 33.3 300 NL 

Sarticus sulcatus 3 33.3 500 NL 

Scopodes aeneus 3 33.3 300 NL 

Scopodes intricatus 3 66.7 300 NL 

Simodontus rufipalpis 3 33.3 300 NL 

Sphallomorpha discoidalis 3 33.3 300 NL 

ACT, NSW, 

NT, QLD For 300 NL 

Sphallomorpha dubia 3 33.3 

Stichonotus piceus 3 66.7 TAS For 500 NL 

Tachys transversicollis 3 33.3 300 NL 

Trechodes lustrans 3 33.3 QLD Rip 300 NL 


Adelotopus zonatus 3 0.0 300 NL 

Aephnidius adelioides 3 0.0 QLD, WA 300 NL 

Agonocheila macleayi 3 0.0 NSW Euc 300 NL 

Amblystomus gracilis 3 0.0 300 NL 

Amblystomus ovalis 3 0.0 300 NL 

Amblytelus amplipennis 3 0.0 300 NL 

Arthropterus ambs1 3 0.0 200 NL 

Arthropterus ambs1 2 3 0.0 300 NL 

Arthropterus cribrosus 3 0.0 200 NL 

Arthropterus elongatulus 3 0.0 300 NL 

Arthropterus mastersii 3 0.0 300 NL 

Arthropterus piceus 3 0.0 300 NL 

Brithysternum calcaratum 3 0.0 QLD 300 NL 

Cainogenion subopacum 3 0.0 NSW, QLD Euc 300 NL 

Carenum amplicolle 3 0.0 300 NL 

Carenum breviforme 3 0.0 300 NL 

Carenum cupreomarginatum 3 0.0 400 NL 

Carenum occidentale 3 0.0 300 NL 

Carenum optimum 3 0.0 300 NL 

Carenum rectangulare 3 0.0 300 NL 

Carenum simile 3 0.0 300 NL 

Carenum subcostatum 3 0.0 300 NL 

Cerotalis brachypleura 3 0.0 400 NL 

NSW, NT, 

QLD, WA Rip 400 NL 

Cicindela mastersi catoptriola 3 0.0 

Cicindela mastersi mastersi 3 0.0 300 NL 

Cicindela oblongicollis 3 0.0 300 NL 

Clivina ferruginea 3 0.0 300 NL 

169

Clivina pectonoda 3 0.0 300 NL 

Clivina vittata 3 0.0 300 NL 

Darodilia mandibularis 3 0.0 300 NL 

Darodilia robusta 3 0.0 QLD For 300 NL 

Egadroma ambs1 1 3 0.0 300 NL 

Elaphropus amplipennis 3 0.0 QLD, WA 300 NL 

Elaphropus convexus 3 0.0 NSW, QLD Rip 500 NL 

NSW, NT, 

QLD, WA Rip 300 NL 

Elaphropus curticollis 3 0.0 

Eudalia nigra 3 0.0 300 NL 

Gigadema gulare 3 0.0 300 NL 

Gigadema maxillare 3 0.0 400 NL 

Homethes sericeus 3 0.0 300 NL 

Hypharpax deyrollei 3 0.0 300 NL 

Lecanomerus verticalis 3 0.0 400 NL 

Megacephala corpulenta 3 0.0 300 NL 

Meonis angusticollis 3 0.0 300 NL 

Myrmecodemus riverinae 3 0.0 300 NL 

Notiobia rugosipennis 3 0.0 400 NL 



Notonomus excisipennis 3 0.0 300 NL 

Notonomus miles 3 0.0 300 NL 

Notonomus nitidicollis 3 0.0 400 NL 

Notonomus phillipsii 3 0.0 SE For 300 NL 

Notospeophonus castaneus 3 0.0 SE 300 NL 

Oodes impressus 3 0.0 300 NL 

Oodes trisulcatus 3 0.0 400 NL 

Parroa violacea 3 0.0 E Sc 300 NL 

Philophloeus sydneyensis 3 0.0 300 NL 

E,SE,QLD,S 

A,WA Euc 300 NL 

Philophloeus unicolor 3 0.0 

Phorticosomus nuytsii 3 0.0 NE,CN 300 NL 

Promecoderus distinctus 3 0.0 300 NL 

Promecoderus elegans 3 0.0 SE For 300 NL 

Prosopogmus nq1 3 0.0 100 NL 

Rhytisternus bovilli 3 0.0 NT 300 NL 

Sarothrocrepis pallida 3 0.0 QLD Euc 300 NL 

Sarticus cycloderus 3 0.0 300 NL 

Sarticus esmeraldipennis 3 0.0 SA, VIC WL 300 NL 

Scaraphites laticollis 3 0.0 300 NL 

Scaraphites laticollis laticollis 3 0.0 300 NL 

Scaraphites lenaeus 3 0.0 300 NL 

Scaraphites lucidus 3 0.0 300 NL 

Scopodes angulicollis 3 0.0 300 NL 

Secatophus australis 3 0.0 300 NL 

Simodontus aeneipennis 3 0.0 300 NL 

Simodontus holomelanus 3 0.0 300 NL 

Sphallomorpha communis 3 0.0 300 NL 

Sphallomorpha similata 3 0.0 300 NL 

170

Trechodes bipartitus 3 0.0 

ACT, NSW, 

QLD Rip 300 NL 

Abacetus thouzeti 4 50.0 

NSW, QLD, 

WA Rip 400 NL 

Amblytelus vittipennis 4 25.0 500 NL 

Anomotarus nq3 4 100.0 300 NL 

Carenum splendens 4 50.0 QLD 300 NL 

Carenum sumptuosum 4 25.0 400 NL 

Casnoidea thouzeti 4 50.0 600 NL 

Catascopus laticollis 4 25.0 QLD For 400 NL 

Chlaenius greyanus 4 25.0 WA 400 NL 

Coleolissus papua 4 25.0 400 NL 

Craspedophorus 1 4 50.0 300 NL 

Delinius castelnaui 4 50.0 500 NL 

Dicranoglossus resplendens 4 25.0 

NT, QLD, 

WA 400 NL 

Distipsidera obscura 4 50.0 QLD For 200 NL 

Gigadema grande 4 25.0 400 NL 

Hypharpax rotundipennis 4 25.0 500 NL 

Laccopterum cyaneum 4 25.0 QLD WL,SL 300 NL 

Lachnoderma foveolatum 4 50.0 400 NL 

Leiradira nq4 4 100.0 100 NL 

Liopasa crepera 4 25.0 NSW,QLD 300 NL 

Meonis 1 4 75.0 400 NL 

Minuthodes queenslandica 4 50.0 400 NL 

Morion germanus 4 75.0 NE,E For 400 NL 

Notonomus 1 4 75.0 200 NL 


Notonomus frontevirens 4 75.0 E For 200 NL 

Philipis agnicapitis 4 100.0 QLD For 100 NL 

Philipis planicola 4 100.0 QLD For 200 NL 

Philipis ruficollis 4 100.0 QLD For 100 NL 

Philophloeus eucalypti 4 50.0 E,SE,TAS,CS Euc 400 NL 

Promecoderus inornatus 4 25.0 400 NL 

Promecoderus longus 4 100.0 TAS For 200 NL 

Promecoderus viridiaeneus 4 25.0 SE,TAS 500 NL 

Rhytisternus limbatus 4 25.0 400 NL 

Sphallomorpha grandis 4 25.0 400 NL 

Stichonotus limbatus 4 50.0 VIC For 300 NL 

NSW, QLD, 

SA, WA 500 NL 

Tachys lindi 4 25.0 

Teropha besti 4 50.0 VIC For,WL 300 NL 

Theprisa montana 4 50.0 VIC 400 NL 

Trigonothops pallidicollis 4 25.0 400 NL 

Anomotarus variegatus 4 0.0 400 NL 

NSW, SA, 

VIC 400 NL 

Arthropterus hopei 4 0.0 

Basistichus micans 4 0.0 NT, QLD 400 NL 

Cainogenion ephippiatum 4 0.0 400 NL 

Catascopus chaudoiri 4 0.0 NSW, QLD For 400 NL 

171

Chlaenius hamifer 4 0.0 400 NL 

Cicindela mastersi 4 0.0 

ACT, NSW, 

QLD Rip 400 NL 

Cicindela rafflesia 4 0.0 600 NL 

Clivina atrata 4 0.0 400 NL 

Clivina elegans 4 0.0 400 NL 

Conopterum leai 4 0.0 600 NL 

Craspedophorus banksi 4 0.0 400 NL 

Craspedophorus macleayi 4 0.0 WA SL 400 NL 

Deipyrus palustris 4 0.0 300 NL 

Demetrida angustula 4 0.0 400 NL 

Elaphropus bipustulatus 4 0.0 400 NL 

Eudalia latipennis 4 0.0 

NT, QLD, 

WA Rip 400 NL 

Gnathaphanus riverinae 4 0.0 E,SE 400 NL 

Gnathoxys insignitus 4 0.0 SW 400 NL 

Haplaner australis 4 0.0 400 NL 

Hypharpax vilis 4 0.0 400 NL 

Lacordairia cychroides 4 0.0 E For 400 NL 

Lecanomerus ambs1 1 4 0.0 400 NL 

Lecanomerus tasmanicus 4 0.0 E,SE 400 NL 

Megacephala greyanus 4 0.0 NW,W Rip 500 NL 

Megacephala pulchra 4 0.0 W 400 NL 

Notiobia dampierii 4 0.0 SA,WA 400 NL 

Notiobia inaequalipennis 4 0.0 400 NL 

Notonomus mediosulcatus 4 0.0 400 NL 

Notonomus satrapa 4 0.0 SE For 400 NL 

Oodes inornatus 4 0.0 400 NL 

Oodes waterhousei 4 0.0 500 NL 

Perigona rufilabris 4 0.0 400 NL 

Promecoderus ovicollis 4 0.0 400 NL 

Promecoderus semistriatus 4 0.0 500 NL 

Prosopogmus cbcr3 1 4 0.0 400 NL 

Prosopogmus oodiformis 4 0.0 E,SE For,WL 400 NL 

Scaraphites hirtipes 4 0.0 SA, VIC WL,SL 500 NL 

Scaraphites silenus 4 0.0 400 NL 

ACT, NSW, 

QLD, SA, 


Scopodes boops 4 0.0 

Sphallomorpha ruficollis 4 0.0 400 NL 

Steganomma porcatum 4 0.0 QLD For 300 NL 

Tachys fasciatus 4 0.0 400 NL 

Tachys latissimus 4 0.0 400 NL 

Tachys mulwalensis 4 0.0 NSW, SA 400 NL 

ACT, NSW, 

QLD, TAS, 


Adelotopus haemorrhoidalis 5 40.0 

Carenum cordipenne 5 40.0 SA, VIC Sc 500 NL 

Celanida montana 5 60.0 VIC For 500 NL 

Eurylychnus cbcr3 5 60.0 500 NL 

172

Lacordairia nq1 5 100.0 500 NL 

Meonis semistriatus 5 60.0 E 400 NL 

Notonomus opulentus 

gippslandicus 5 60.0 SE For 600 NL 

Pentagonica vittipennis 5 100.0 500 NL 

Percosoma concolor 5 80.0 SE For 300 NL 

Percosoma montanum 5 40.0 SE For 400 NL 

Philipis alutacea 5 100.0 QLD For 200 NL 

Philipis frerei 5 100.0 QLD For 100 NL 

Philipis unicolor 5 100.0 QLD For 300 NL 

Philophloeus angulatus 5 40.0 SE Euc 300 NL 

Prosopogmus cbcr3 2 5 60.0 500 NL 

Adelotopus rufoguttatus 5 0.0 NSW, QLD Euc 500 NL 

Agonocheila suturalis 5 0.0 500 NL 

Carenum subporcatulum 5 0.0 QLD WL 500 NL 

Carenum transversicolle 5 0.0 NT 600 NL 

Cerotalis semiviolacea 5 0.0 500 NL 

Cicindela leai 5 0.0 QLD Rip 400 NL 

Cicindela mastersi plebeia 5 0.0 400 NL 

Clivina lepida 5 0.0 600 NL 

Clivina suturalis 5 0.0 600 NL 

Conopterum riverinae 5 0.0 NSW, VIC WL, Sc, 500 NL 

Craspedophorus 

rockhamptonensis 5 0.0 500 NL 

Demetrida picipennis 5 0.0 NSW Euc 600 NL 

Elaphropus striolatus 5 0.0 500 NL 

Eudalia macleayi 5 0.0 500 NL 

Homethes gracilis 5 0.0 E,SE 500 NL 

Hypharpax kreftii 5 0.0 600 NL 

Laccopterum spencei 5 0.0 500 NL 

Lorostema bothriophora 5 0.0 E,NE 400 NL 

Mecyclothorax punctipennis 5 0.0 E,SE,CS RF 600 NL 

Melisodera picipennis 5 0.0 E,SE 600 NL 

Notonomus macoyi 5 0.0 SE 500 NL 

Notonomus striatocollis 5 0.0 600 NL 

Parena picea 5 0.0 600 NL 

Promecoderus gibbosus 5 0.0 500 NL 

Sarothrocrepis fasciata 5 0.0 500 NL 

Sarothrocrepis mastersii 5 0.0 400 NL 

Sphallomorpha decipiens 5 0.0 500 NL 

Sphallomorpha polita 5 0.0 500 NL 

Stricklandia nigra 5 0.0 QLD 400 NL 

Trechobembix baldiensis 5 0.0 

NSW, QLD, 

SA, TAS, 


Trichisia azurea 5 0.0 600 NL 

Agonocheila biguttata 5 20.0 

ACT, NSW, 

TAS, WA 500 NL 

Agonocheila plagiata 5 20.0 NSW, TAS Euc 300 NL 

Agonocheila ruficollis 5 20.0 500 NL 

173

Amblytelus discoidalis 5 20.0 500 NL 

Carenum quadripunctatum 5 20.0 QLD 400 NL 

Carenum versicolor 5 20.0 VIC Sc 500 NL 

NSW, NT, 

QLD Wet 500 NL 

Clarencia aliena 5 20.0 

Coptodera australis 5 20.0 500 NL 

Notiobia denisonensis 5 20.0 600 NL 

Notonomus auricollis 5 20.0 E,SE For 500 NL 

Philoscaphus mastersii 5 20.0 NE,E,W WL 500 NL 

Promecoderus dorsalis 5 20.0 500 NL 

Acrogenys hirsuta 6 0.0 600 NL 

Adelotopus paroensis 6 0.0 

NSW, QLD, 

SA, VIC Euc 600 NL 

Amblytelus marginicollis 6 16.7 

ACT, NSW, 

VIC 

Euc, 

For, 

WL 500 NL 

Arthropterus 1 6 33.3 600 NL 

Carenum anthracinum 6 0.0 

NSW, SA, 

VIC Sc 500 NL 

Carenum interiore 6 0.0 600 NL 

Carenum opacicolle 6 16.7 QLD 400 NL 

Castelnaudia cyaneotincta 6 0.0 NSW, QLD 

WL, 

For 600 NL 

Cerotalis substriata 6 16.7 WA 600 NL 

NT, QLD, Rip, 

Cicindela discreta 6 16.7 WA Beaches 500 NL 

Cicindela doddi 6 16.7 QLD Rip 500 NL 

Craspedophorus insignis 6 33.3 QLD SL 400 NL 

Demetrida brachinodera 6 16.7 

ACT, NSW, 


ACT, NSW, 

SA, VIC, WA Euc 600 NL 

Demetrida lineata 6 66.7 

Distipsidera parva 6 33.3 QLD For 500 NL 

Helluonidius cyanipennis 6 16.7 E,NE,NW 700 NL 

Homethes guttifer 6 16.7 SE,CS,SW 600 NL 

Hypharpax peronii 6 16.7 SE,CS 600 NL 

Laccopterum nq1 6 83.3 600 NL 

Leiradira tenuis 6 50.0 400 NL 

Notonomus besti 6 33.3 600 NL 

Notonomus colossus 6 66.7 E WL 500 NL 

Notonomus hopsoni 6 16.7 E For 600 NL 

Notonomus kingi 6 33.3 400 NL 

Notonomus molestus 6 33.3 SE For,Sc 600 NL 

Notonomus planipectus 6 50.0 E For 500 NL 

Notonomus triplogenioides 6 16.7 500 NL 

Oodes oblongus 6 0.0 600 NL 

Paranurus dilaticeps 6 16.7 NE 400 NL 

Percosoma carenoides 6 50.0 TAS For 600 NL 

Philipis castanea 6 100.0 QLD For 200 NL 

Philipis sulcata 6 83.3 QLD For 400 NL 

174

Promecoderus lucidicollis 6 0.0 600 NL 

Rhytisternus carpentarius 6 0.0 600 NL 

Rhytisternus laevidorsis 6 16.7 500 NL 

Rhytisternus laevilaterus 6 33.3 600 NL 

Simodontus australis 6 16.7 600 NL 

Sphallomorpha ovalis 6 33.3 600 NL 


Trigonothops meyeri 6 16.7 VIC Euc 700 NL 

Adelotopus politus 7 0.0 

NSW, QLD, 


Agonocheila antipodum 7 28.6 

ACT, NSW, 

TAS Euc 700 NL 

Agonocheila fenestrata 7 14.3 

ACT, SA, 

TAS, VIC, 

WA Euc 700 NL 

Cerotalis amabilis 7 0.0 QLD, SA WL 700 NL 

Cicindela upsilon upsilon 7 0.0 700 NL 

Clivina heterogena 7 14.3 

NSW, NT, 

SA, TAS, 

VIC, WA Rip 800 NL 

Clivina planiceps 7 0.0 NSW, VIC Rip 600 NL 

Coptodera mastersii 7 14.3 QLD For 600 NL 

Desera smaragdina 7 0.0 QLD Wet 700 NL 

NT, QLD, 

Elaphropus spenceri 7 0.0 SA, WA Rip 800 NL 

Helluodema unicolor 7 14.3 E,NE,CN 700 NL 

Helluonidius latipennis 7 14.3 NE,SE 600 NL 

Homethes elegans 7 0.0 SE,TAS 700 NL 

Laccopterum foveigerum 7 0.0 NW,W,E WL,SL 700 NL 

Lacordairia nq2 7 100.0 500 NL 

Mecyclothorax nq1 7 71.4 400 NL 

Megacephala crucigera 7 0.0 700 NL 

Notagonum lafertei 7 14.3 NE,E 700 NL 

ACT,NSW,Q 

LD,VIC 700 NL 

Notiobia germari 7 14.3 

Notonomus bodeae 7 0.0 E,SE For 600 NL 

Notonomus chalybaeus 7 42.9 E,SE For 700 NL 

Notonomus nitescens 7 14.3 E For 600 NL 

Notonomus nq2 7 57.1 300 NL 

Parroa apicalis 7 42.9 700 NL 

Philipis cooki 7 100.0 QLD For 400 NL 

Philipis tribulationis 7 100.0 QLD For 300 NL 

Philophloeus fuscipennis 7 0.0 700 NL 

Philoscaphus costalis 7 0.0 700 NL 

Pseudoceneus sollicitus 7 28.6 ACT,TAS 800 NL 

Rhabdotus reflexus 7 57.1 TAS For 700 NL 

Sarticus blackburni 7 57.1 VIC Al 400 NL 

Scopodes sigillatus 7 14.3 

ACT, NSW, 

QLD, SA, 

TAS, VIC, 800 NL 

175

WA 

Sphallomorpha maculigera 7 0.0 700 NL 

Agonocheila sinuosa 8 25.0 QLD, TAS Euc 800 NL 

NT, QLD, 

WA 800 NL 

Calosoma oceanicum 8 0.0 

Cratogaster sulcata 8 12.5 900 NL 

Distipsidera flavipes 8 25.0 QLD For 600 NL 

Distipsidera undulata 8 12.5 NSW, QLD For 800 NL 

ACT, NSW, 

QLD, SA, 

VIC WL 800 NL 

Drypta australis 8 0.0 

Euryscaphus carbonarius 8 0.0 800 NL 

Lecanomerus vestigialis 8 0.0 800 NL 

Loxandrus quadricollis 8 12.5 E,SE,CS 800 NL 

Megacephala blackburni 8 0.0 W,SW Wet 800 NL 

Megacephala bostockii 8 0.0 NW,CN,NE 700 NL 

Morion australis 8 37.5 E,SE For 800 NL 

Notagonum marginellum 8 62.5 SE,TAS 800 NL 

Notonomus crenulatus 8 37.5 E For 700 NL 

Notonomus dyscoloides 8 25.0 E,SE 600 NL 

Notonomus kershawi 8 25.0 SE For 700 NL 

Nurus atlas 8 0.0 E For 300 NL 

Nurus grandis 8 100.0 QLD For 100 NL 

Nurus imperialis 8 50.0 E For 300 NL 

Nurus rex 8 100.0 NE For 200 NL 

Philipis rufescens 8 100.0 QLD For 100 NL 

Philophloeus puberulus 8 12.5 SE Euc 700 NL 

Sarothrocrepis luctuosa 8 37.5 

ACT, NSW, 

TAS, VIC Euc 800 NL 

ACT, NSW, 


Sarothrocrepis suavis 8 25.0 

Sarticus obesulus 8 12.5 800 NL 

Tachys captus 8 12.5 900 NL 

Teraphis melbournensis 8 25.0 NSW, VIC For 700 NL 

Trichosternus fisheri 8 75.0 QLD For 200 NL 

Trichosternus simplicipes 8 50.0 QLD For 200 NL 

Aenigma iris 9 0.0 NSW, QLD 900 NL 

Arthropterus brevis 9 22.2 NSW 1000 NL 

Arthropterus denudatus 9 0.0 900 NL 

ACT, NSW, 

QLD, SA, 


Cainogenion ipsoides 9 0.0 

Carenum nq1 9 55.6 QLD 800 NL 

Castelnaudia eungella 9 66.7 QLD For 400 NL 

Castelnaudia spec 9 66.7 QLD For 300 NL 

NT, QLD, 

SA, VIC For, Rip 900 NL 

Catadromus tenebrioides 9 33.3 

Clivina dilutipes 9 0.0 800 NL 

Coptocarpus nq1 9 100.0 600 NL 

Craspedophorus alternans 9 0.0 QLD SL 900 NL 

176

Dicraspeda nitida 9 66.7 QLD RF 900 NL 

Euthenarus bicolor 9 33.3 900 NL 

Helluonidius cyaneus 9 11.1 NE,E,SW 900 NL 

Laemostenus complanatus 9 11.1 SW,CS,SE 900 NL 

Leiradira soror 9 77.8 500 NL 

NE,SE,I,CS. 

W,SW Sc 900 NL 

Neocarenum elongatum 9 44.4 

Notonomus australasiae 9 0.0 800 NL 

Notonomus croesus 9 22.2 SE For 800 NL 

Notonomus ellioti 9 100.0 NE For 200 NL 

Notonomus gippsiensis 9 33.3 SE For 800 NL 

Notonomus nq1 9 100.0 200 NL 

Notonomus taylori 9 22.2 E,SE For 800 NL 

Philipis lustrans 9 100.0 QLD For 600 NL 

Philophloeus luculentus 9 22.2 E,SE Euc 1000 NL 

Phorticosomus horni 9 0.0 E,I,W,CN 800 NL 

Prosopogmus monochrous 9 0.0 900 NL 

Sarticus coradgeri 9 0.0 NSW Sc 900 NL 

Siagonyx amplipennis 9 33.3 NSW, QLD For 900 NL 

Sloaneana tasmaniae 9 33.3 

ACT, NSW, 

TAS, VIC For 1300 NL 

Sphallomorpha hydroporoides 9 0.0 

ACT, NSW, 

NT, QLD, 

SA, TAS, 

VIC, WA Euc 900 NL 

Agonocheila lutosa 10 10.0 SA Euc 1000 NL 

Arthropterus angulatus 10 0.0 1000 NL 

NSW, QLD, 


Cainogenion obscurum 10 10.0 

Carenum 1 10 70.0 900 NL 

Carenum marginatum 10 10.0 1000 NL 

Carenum scaritoides 10 30.0 1100 NL 

Castelnaudia 2 10 60.0 1000 NL 

Castelnaudia cyanea 10 60.0 NSW, QLD For 800 NL 

Cenogmus castelnaui 10 10.0 

ACT, NSW, 

QLD, SA, 

TAS, VIC, 

WA 1100 NL 

Craspedophorus australasiae 10 10.0 1200 NL 

Craspedophorus australis 10 10.0 1000 NL 

W,NW,CN,N 

E,E 900 NL 

Gnathaphanus philippensis 10 10.0 

Laccopterum loculosum 10 10.0 VIC,NSW WL,SL 1000 NL 

Lecanomerus discoidalis 10 20.0 SE,E 1000 NL 

Megacephala australasiae 10 10.0 1300 NL 

NE,CN,W,S 

W Rip 1000 NL 

Megacephala basalis 10 0.0 

Notiobia melanaria 10 0.0 NSW,QLD 1000 NL 

Nurus brevis 10 60.0 E For 300 NL 

Nurus niger 10 50.0 QLD For 400 NL 

177

Pamborus elegans 10 70.0 E For 600 NL 

Philophloeus planus 10 10.0 E,SE.I Euc 1000 NL 

Promecoderus gracilis 10 0.0 1000 NL 

Sarothrocrepis benefica 10 10.0 

NT, QLD, 

SA, TAS, 

VIC, WA Euc 1100 NL 

Sarticus aubei 10 0.0 1000 NL 

Siagonyx blackburni 10 30.0 NSW, VIC For 1000 NL 

Sphallomorpha guttigera 10 0.0 

ACT, NSW, 

QLD, SA, 


Trigonothops longiplaga 10 20.0 

ACT, NSW, 

SA, VIC, WA Euc 1000 NL 



than 10 records was 32.0, with a mean of 37.2 for the percent of records in the NRS. 

Seventy-four species of ground beetles had 45% or greater of individual site records located 

within the NRS (Table 73 ). None of the 74 species are listed as threatened. Of the 74 

species, 58 have location information and all these species are found in eastern Australia, 

including two species from Tasmania. The majority of species (47) are found in forested 

habitats. 

Table 73. Ground beetles species with >45% of site records within the NRS. 

Species 

No. 

Records 

Records 



NRS 

Location 

Veg 

type 

Area 

(km 2 ) 

EPBC 

status 

Laccopterum deauratum 31 14 45.2 NE,E WL,SL 1000 NL 

Eurylychnus regularis 11 5 45.4 NSW For 800 NL 

Castelnaudia speciosa 46 21 45.6 NSW For 2800 NL 

Notonomus sphodroides 13 6 46.1 SE For 1200 NL 

Percosoma sulcipenne 21 10 47.6 TAS For 1000 NL 

Leiradira alternans 41 20 48.8 NE For 1400 NL 

Castelnaudia porphyriaca 12 6 50.0 QLD For 600 NL 

Notonomus 3 14 7 50.0 1200 NL 

Notonomus rainbowi 40 20 50.0 SE For 2400 NL 

Setalis niger 70 35 50.0 

NSW, 

QLD For 4700 NL 

Trichosternus vigorsi 194 97 50.0 NSW For 

1050 

0 NL 

Castelnaudia wilsoni 51 26 51.0 QLD For 2300 NL 

Trichosternus perater 45 23 51.1 NSW For 700 NL 

Castelnaudia setosiceps 41 21 51.2 QLD For 1900 NL 

Notonomus variicollis 39 20 51.3 E,SE For 2700 NL 

178

Pamborus macleayi 68 35 51.5 E For 2900 NL 

Mystropomus subcostatus 148 79 53.4 E 8700 NL 

Leiradira auricollis 46 25 54.3 E For 3000 NL 

Nurus medius 22 12 54.5 NE For 700 NL 

Pamborus pradieri 46 26 56.5 E 2000 NL 

Pamborus alternans 325 188 57.8 E For 

1250 

0 NL 

Nurus nsw1 19 11 57.9 400 NL 

Notonomus masculinus 41 24 58.5 E,NE For 1300 NL 

Notolestus sulcipennis 54 32 59.3 E For 2700 NL 

Pamborus brisbanensis 40 24 60.0 E 2400 NL 

Trichosternus nudipes 33 20 60.6 QLD For 500 NL 

Trichosternus angulosus 23 14 60.9 

NSW, 

QLD 500 NL 

Pamborus guerinii 210 130 61.9 E For 8300 NL 

Castelnaudia marginifera 87 54 62.1 

NSW, 


Notonomus doddi 49 31 63.3 NE For 1700 NL 

Zeodera atra 30 19 63.3 

NSW, 


Castelnaudia 

septemcostata 44 28 63.6 

NSW, 


Coptocarpus philipi 14 9 64.3 QLD 800 NL 

Notonomus tubericauda 14 9 64.3 E,SE,TAS For 1300 NL 

Cratoferonia phylarchus 125 81 64.8 

NSW, 


Eurylychnus cylindricus 12 8 66.7 NSW For 800 NL 

Setalis rubripes 12 8 66.7 QLD For 900 NL 

Pamborus punctatus 11 8 72.7 For 600 NL 

Promecoderus cbcr3 1 11 8 72.7 900 NL 

Trichosternus nsw1 12 9 75.0 NSW 600 NL 

Philipis thompsoni 24 18 75.0 QLD For,RF 1800 NL 

Lecanomerus niger 48 36 75.0 For,Lit 1800 NL 

Pamborus tropicus 121 93 76.9 NE For 4100 NL 

Mystropomus regularis 88 68 77.3 NE 3300 NL 

Trichosternus mutatus 15 12 80.0 QLD For 800 NL 

Trichosternus soror 22 18 81.8 QLD For 900 NL 

Loxogenius opacipennis 33 27 81.8 NE 1400 NL 

Illaphanus nq1 13 11 84.6 1100 NL 

Nurus nox 14 12 85.7 E 700 NL 

Castelnaudia cq1 21 18 85.7 600 NL 

Nurus latipennis 39 34 87.2 E For 1200 NL 

Sitaphe rotundata 74 65 87.8 QLD RF 2500 NL 

179

Pamborus subtropicus 19 17 89.5 E For 800 NL 

Trichosternus fax 20 18 90.0 QLD For 300 NL 

Anomotarus nq1 11 10 90.9 700 NL 

Notonomus spurgeoni 61 56 91.8 NE For 1000 NL 

Leiradira nq2 15 14 93.3 700 NL 

Raphetis gracilis 15 14 93.3 QLD 1000 NL 

Trichosternus frater 33 31 93.9 QLD For 1400 NL 

Leiradira opacistriatis 34 32 94.1 1700 NL 

Castelnaudia 

obscuripennis 125 118 94.4 QLD For 2200 NL 

Mecyclothorax storeyi 18 17 94.4 Lit 400 NL 

Pamborus opacus 98 93 94.9 E,NE For 1600 NL 

Leiradira nq3 11 11 100.0 100 NL 

Notonomus dimorphicus 11 11 100.0 NE For 400 NL 

Leiradira alticola 13 13 100.0 200 NL 

Philipis sinuata 14 14 100.0 QLD For 300 NL 

Castelnaudia cq2 15 15 100.0 300 NL 

Leiradira aurifer 15 15 100.0 300 NL 

Notonomus montellus 20 20 100.0 NE For 400 NL 

Trichosternus montorum 22 22 100.0 QLD For 300 NL 

Notonomus flos 27 27 100.0 NE For 400 NL 

Mecyclothorax lewisensis 29 29 100.0 Lit 900 NL 

Notonomus montorum 38 38 100.0 NE 700 NL 

Forty-nine species had less than 10% of ANHAT records located within PAs (Table 74). All 

of the ground beetles species are classified as not listed. These species are widespread 

throughout Australia, with most occurring in either forested/woodland or riparian habitats. 

Table 74. Ground beetles species with

Cenogmus interioris 13 0 0.0 1300 NL 

Euryscaphus dilatatus 13 0 0.0 1200 NL 

Sarticus habitans 13 0 0.0 ACT, NSW WL 1200 NL 

Gigadema nocte 14 0 0.0 NSW, QLD, SA 1400 NL 

Gigadema sulcatum 15 0 0.0 NSW, NT, QLD, 1400 NL 

SA, WA 

Pericompsus australis 15 0 0.0 NSW,QLD,SA,T 1400 NL 

AS,VIC,WA 

Chlaenius ophonoides 20 0 0.0 NSW, NT, QLD 2000 NL 

Notonomus scotti 20 0 0.0 E For 1900 NL 

Chlaenius darlingensis 25 0 0.0 ACT, NSW, NT, Rip 2500 NL 

QLD, SA, VIC, 

WA 

Carenum tinctilatum 27 0 0.0 ACT, NSW, WL, 2600 NL 

QLD, VIC Sc 

Chlaenius flaviguttatus 32 0 0.0 NSW, NT, QLD 3100 NL 

Geoscaptus laevissimus 48 2 4.2 NSW, NT, SA, 4900 NL 

VIC, WA 

Arthropterus westwoodii 23 1 4.3 2400 NL 

Catadromus lacordairei 23 1 4.3 ACT, NSW, NT, 

QLD, SA, TAS, 

VIC, WA 

He, 

WL, 

For, 

Rip 

2300 NL 

Geoscaptus cacus 23 1 4.3 NT, QLD, SA 2500 NL 

Rhytisternus cyathoderus 22 1 4.5 NSW, SA, TAS, WL,SL 2200 NL 

VIC 

Clivina procera 20 1 5.0 NSW, SA, VIC Rip 2000 NL 

Hyperion schroetteri 20 1 5.0 E,SE,CS 2000 NL 

Egadroma piceus 19 1 5.3 2000 NL 

Rhytisternus liopleurus 16 1 6.2 1700 NL 

Sarticus discopunctatus 16 1 6.2 1500 NL 

Gnathaphanus pulcher 63 4 6.3 W,NW,CN,NE,E, 6100 NL 

SE 

Apotomus australis 15 1 6.7 NSW, NT, QLD, 1400 NL 

SA, VIC, WA 

Clivina australasiae 14 1 7.1 1300 NL 

Philophloeus 

14 1 7.1 E,SE,NE Euc 1400 NL 

immaculatus 

Adelotopus rubiginosus 13 1 7.7 1300 NL 

Arthropterus wilsoni 13 1 7.7 NSW, SA 1200 NL 

Sarticus cyaneocinctus 51 4 7.8 ACT, NSW, VIC WL,O 

p 

4800 NL 

181

Megacephala australis 25 2 8.0 NE,SE,CS,I Rip 2400 NL 

Catadromus australis 12 1 8.3 ACT, NSW, 

QLD, SA, VIC, 

WA 

SL, 

Rip 

1200 NL 

Philophloeus australis 12 1 8.3 E,SE,TAS Euc 1200 NL 

Sphallomorpha suturalis 24 2 8.3 NSW, NT, QLD, Euc 2400 NL 

SA, VIC, WA 

Philoscaphus 

36 3 8.3 E,SE,CS,I,SW Sc 3600 NL 

tuberculatus 

Gnathaphanus 

11 1 9.1 TAS,SE,E,NE,C 1200 NL 

melbournensis 

N 

Notonomus philippi 22 2 9.1 For,Sc 1800 NL 

Pheropsophus verticalis 65 6 9.2 NE,E,SE,CS,I Rip 6300 NL 

Calosoma schayeri 86 8 9.3 NSW, NT, QLD, 8200 NL 

SA, TAS, VIC, 

WA 

Carenum bonellii 32 3 9.4 ACT, NSW, For 3300 NL 

QLD, VIC 

Bembidion jacksoniense 21 2 9.5 ACT, NSW, NT, Rip 2400 NL 

QLD, SA, VIC, 

WA 

Clivina basalis 21 2 9.5 2000 NL 

Platycoelus melliei 21 2 9.5 E,CS,IW,NW,CN 2100 NL 

,SE 

Megacephala cylindrica 20 2 10.0 CN,I.CS,E,NE Rip 2100 NL 

No ground beetles species had records in more than 100 separate reserves. 

A total of 130 species had records in five or fewer PAs ( 

Table 75). No species were listed as threatened. All of the species in this list had fewer than 

100 individual record sites, and no species had more than 63 record sites. One hundred and 

thirty-two species of ground beetles had records in five or fewer PAs greater than 1000 

hectares, with none of these species being listed as threatened ( 

Table 75). 

Table 75. Ground beetles species recorded from five or fewer PAs and five or fewer PAs 

greater than 1000 hectares. 


EPBC 

status 

Egadroma piceus 19 1 0 NL 

Gnathaphanus melbournensis 11 1 1 NL 

Leiradira nq3 11 1 1 NL 

182

Catadromus australis 12 1 1 NL 

Philophloeus australis 12 1 1 NL 

Arthropterus wilsoni 13 1 1 NL 

Adelotopus rubiginosus 13 1 1 NL 

Leiradira alticola 13 1 1 NL 

Loxodactylus carinulatus carinulatus 14 1 1 NL 

Clivina australasiae 14 1 1 NL 

Philophloeus immaculatus 14 1 1 NL 

Castelnaudia cq2 15 1 1 NL 

Apotomus australis 15 1 1 NL 

Chylnus ater 15 1 1 NL 

Rhytisternus liopleurus 16 1 1 NL 

Sarticus discopunctatus 16 1 1 NL 

Dicrochile goryi 16 1 1 NL 

Hyperion schroetteri 20 1 1 NL 

Notonomus montellus 20 1 1 NL 

Trichosternus fax 20 1 1 NL 

Castelnaudia mixta 20 1 1 NL 

Clivina procera 20 1 1 NL 

Megacephala cylindrica 20 1 1 NL 

Trichosternus montorum 22 1 1 NL 

Notonomus philippi 22 1 1 NL 

Rhytisternus cyathoderus 22 1 1 NL 

Sphallomorpha castelnaui 22 1 1 NL 

Nurus medius 22 1 1 NL 

Catadromus lacordairei 23 1 1 NL 

Arthropterus westwoodii 23 1 1 NL 

Geoscaptus cacus 23 1 1 NL 

Laccopterum deauratum 31 1 1 NL 

Pamborus transitus 45 1 1 NL 

Trigonothops nigricollis 13 2 1 NL 

Microlestodes macleayi 13 2 1 NL 

Sphallomorpha suturalis 24 2 1 NL 

Notonomus transitus 30 2 1 NL 

Clivina biplagiata 11 2 2 NL 

Coptodera aurata 11 2 2 NL 

Acrogenys longicollis 11 2 2 NL 

Notonomus leai 11 2 2 NL 

Eurylychnus cylindricus 12 2 2 NL 

Hypharpax australis 12 2 2 NL 

Notonomus violaceus 12 2 2 NL 

Notonomus arthuri 13 2 2 NL 

Sarothrocrepis civica 13 2 2 NL 

Euryscaphus obesus 13 2 2 NL 

Minuthodes minima 13 2 2 NL 

Dicraspeda obscura 14 2 2 NL 

Laccopterum lacunosum 14 2 2 NL 

Nurus nox 14 2 2 NL 

Notonomus opulentus 14 2 2 NL 

Philipis sinuata 14 2 2 NL 

183

Sphallomorpha nitiduloides 14 2 2 NL 

Gigadema longipenne 15 2 2 NL 

Clivina quadratifrons 15 2 2 NL 

Sarticus monarensis 16 2 2 NL 

Anomotarus crudelis 16 2 2 NL 

Carenum laevigatum 17 2 2 NL 

Sarothrocrepis corticalis 18 2 2 NL 

Mecyclothorax storeyi 18 2 2 NL 

Nurus nsw1 19 2 2 NL 

Nurus curtus 19 2 2 NL 

Castelnaudia cq1 21 2 2 NL 

Bembidion jacksoniense 21 2 2 NL 

Clivina basalis 21 2 2 NL 

Platycoelus melliei 21 2 2 NL 

Megacephala australis 25 2 2 NL 

Adelotopus dytiscides 27 2 2 NL 

Carenum bonellii 32 2 2 NL 

Geoscaptus laevissimus 48 2 2 NL 

Lestignathus cursor 11 3 2 NL 

Cicindela upsilon albicans 13 3 2 NL 

Distipsidera grutii 14 3 2 NL 

Notonomus saepistriatus 14 3 2 NL 

Trichosternus mutatus 15 3 2 NL 

Coptocarpus australis 23 3 2 NL 

Notonomus peronii 11 3 3 NL 

Notonomus dimorphicus 11 3 3 NL 

Promecoderus cbcr3 1 11 3 3 NL 

Trechimorphus diemenensis 11 3 3 NL 

Notonomus johnstoni 12 3 3 NL 

Castelnaudia porphyriaca 12 3 3 NL 

Leiradira nq2 15 3 3 NL 

Prosopogmus chalybeipennis 15 3 3 NL 

Sphallomorpha fallax 15 3 3 NL 

Philophloeus intermedius 16 3 3 NL 

Mecyclothorax ambiguus 17 3 3 NL 

Pamborus subtropicus 19 3 3 NL 

Trigonothops pacifica 20 3 3 NL 

Philophloeus distinguendus 21 3 3 NL 

Rhytisternus miser 25 3 3 NL 

Notonomus flos 27 3 3 NL 

Trichosternus nudipes 33 3 3 NL 

Philoscaphus tuberculatus 36 3 3 NL 

Trichosternus perater 45 3 3 NL 

Percosoma sulcipenne 21 4 1 NL 

Notonomus tubericauda 14 4 2 NL 

Trigonothops flavofasciata 37 4 2 NL 

Leiradira aurifer 15 4 3 NL 

Demetrida suturata 18 4 3 NL 

Notonomus marginatus 27 4 3 NL 

Distipsidera volitans 11 4 4 NL 

184

Trichosternus nsw1 12 4 4 NL 

Promecoderus brunnicornis 13 4 4 NL 

Notonomus sphodroides 13 4 4 NL 

Raphetis gracilis 15 4 4 NL 

Notonomus australis 16 4 4 NL 

Notonomus opacicollis 17 4 4 NL 

Trichosternus angulosus 23 4 4 NL 

Agonocheila perplexa 29 4 4 NL 

Cratogaster melas 37 4 4 NL 

Notonomus montorum 38 4 4 NL 

Chlaenius australis 42 4 4 NL 

Sarticus cyaneocinctus 51 4 4 NL 

Gnathaphanus pulcher 63 4 4 NL 

Pamborus punctatus 11 5 3 NL 

Agonocheila cribripennis 16 5 3 NL 

Demetrida vittata 24 5 3 NL 

Trichosternus soror 22 5 4 NL 

Amblytelus brevis 23 5 4 NL 

Scaraphites rotundipennis 25 5 4 NL 

Notonomus politulus 29 5 4 NL 

Eurylychnus regularis 11 5 5 NL 

Anomotarus nq1 11 5 5 NL 

Notonomus amabilis 19 5 5 NL 

Cratoferonia regalis 27 5 5 NL 

Mecyclothorax lewisensis 29 5 5 NL 

Notonomus rainbowi 40 5 5 NL 

Agonocheila curtula 40 5 5 NL 

Notonomus spurgeoni 61 6 5 NL 

Coptocarpus philipi 14 7 4 NL 

Setalis rubripes 12 7 5 NL 

185

Water beetles (Dytiscidae) 

The ANHAT database has 1888 records for 123 species and subspecies of Dytiscidae. No 

species of Dytiscidae are considered extinct. 

There are 17 Dytiscidae species that account for approximately 50% of the total Dytiscid 

species records in ANHAT. These species have over 30 records each. 

Table 76. Dytiscidae species that account for approximately 50% of the Dytiscid records in 

ANHAT. 


Hydaticus consanguineus 38 2.00 

Hydrovatus fasciatus 38 2.00 

Platynectes decempunctatus 38 2.00 

Copelatus clarki 39 2.06 

Copelatus irregularis 46 2.43 

Copelatus nigrolineatus 46 2.43 

Laccophilus clarki 47 2.48 

Bidessodes mjobergi 49 2.58 

Hydrovatus opacus 55 2.90 

Hydroglyphus basalis 61 3.22 

Hydroglyphus daemeli 62 3.27 

Laccophilus cingulatus 69 3.64 

Hydrovatus rufoniger 82 4.32 

Hyphydrus lyratus 84 4.43 

Hydroglyphus godeffroyi 87 4.59 

Hydrovatus ovalis 91 4.80 

Allodessus bistrigatus 92 4.85 

Total 1024 54 

Seventy-three species had 10 or fewer individual record sites in the ANHAT database (Table 

77). Of those species, none are listed as threatened. These species have been excluded from 

analysis but are included here for reference. Exclusion of these poorly recorded species 

eliminates 220 records. These species occur across all of Australia, with 25 species 

occurring in only one State or Territory and the remaining species occurring in at least one 

other State or Territory. Only one species had habitat details available. However, all species 

are aquatic and so are associated with water bodies of some type. 

Table 77. Dytiscidae species with 10 or fewer individual site records in the ANHAT 

database. 

Species 

No. 

Records 


NRS Location 

Veg 

type 

Area 

(km 2 ) 

EPBC 

status 

Antiporus interrogationis 1 100.0 ACT, NSW, SA, VIC NL 

Chostonectes gigas 1 100.0 ACT, NSW, NT, QLD, NL 

186

SA, TAS, VIC 

Clypeodytes darlingtoni 1 100.0 QLD NL 

Copelatus rasilis 1 100.0 NSW, QLD NL 

Limbodessus dispar 1 100.0 WA NL 

Megaporus hamatus 1 100.0 

ACT, NSW, QLD, SA, 

TAS, VIC 

NL 

Megaporus solidus 1 100.0 WA NL 

Necterosoma aphrodite 1 100.0 VIC NL 

Paroster niger 1 100.0 WA NL 

Sternopriscus marginatus 1 100.0 WA NL 

Antiporus bakewellii 1 0.0 QLD, VIC, WA NL 

Antiporus simplex 1 0.0 QLD NL 

Australphilus saltus 1 0.0 QLD NL 

Barretthydrus tibialis 1 0.0 NSW NL 

Carabhydrus plicatus 1 0.0 QLD NL 

Copelatus australis 1 0.0 NSW, QLD, VIC NL 

Cybister loxidiscus 1 0.0 QLD NL 

Gibbidessus chipi 1 0.0 NSW, VIC NL 

Laccophilus 

quadrimaculatus 1 0.0 NT, QLD NL 

Limbodessus praelargus 1 0.0 ACT, NSW, VIC NL 

Necterosoma dispar 1 0.0 SA NL 

Necterosoma schmelzi 1 0.0 NSW, QLD NL 

Paroster sharpi 1 0.0 WA NL 

Platynectes 

octodecimmaculatus 1 0.0 NT, QLD, WA NL 

Sternopriscus minimus 1 0.0 WA NL 

Sternopriscus tarsalis 1 0.0 NSW, QLD, SA, TAS NL 

Tiporus centralis 1 0.0 NT, WA NL 

Tiporus collaris 1 0.0 NT, WA NL 

Batrachomatus wingii 2 50.0 NT, QLD NL 

Hydrovatus rufoniger politus 2 50.0 

NSW, NT, QLD, SA, 

WA 

NL 

Sternopriscus cervus 2 50.0 NSW NL 

Terradessus caecus 2 100.0 QLD 

For, 

Mon NL 

Limbodessus gemellus 2 0.0 NSW, SA, TAS, VIC NL 

Platynectes monostigma 2 0.0 NT, WA NL 

Sternopriscus mundanus 2 0.0 ACT, NSW, VIC NL 

Tiporus alastairi 2 0.0 WA NL 

Tiporus denticulatus 2 0.0 NT, QLD NL 

Hydaticus fabricii 3 66.7 NT NL 

Laccophilus religatus 3 33.3 NSW, NT, QLD, SA NL 

Limbodessus amabilis 3 33.3 SA, TAS, VIC NL 

Limbodessus occidentalis 3 33.3 WA NL 

Onychohydrus atratus 3 33.3 NT, QLD NL 

Sandracottus bakewelli 3 33.3 NT, QLD, SA, WA NL 

Sternopriscus pilbarensis 3 66.7 WA NL 

Antiporus blakei 3 0.0 

ACT, NSW, SA, TAS, 

VIC 

NL 

Barretthydrus geminatus 3 0.0 NSW NL 

187

Copelatus tenebrosus 3 0.0 NT, QLD NL 

Hydaticus microdaemeli 3 0.0 NT, QLD NL 

Rhantus suturalis 3 0.0 

ACT, NSW, NT, QLD, 

SA, TAS, VIC, WA 

NL 

Tiporus undecimmaculatus 3 0.0 NT, QLD, WA NL 

Austrodytes plateni 4 75.0 WA NL 

Chostonectes nebulosus 4 50.0 ACT, NSW, QLD, SA NL 

Hydroglyphus 

orthogrammus 4 50.0 WA NL 

Hydroglyphus signatus 4 75.0 NSW, QLD NL 

Hydrovatus weiri 4 75.0 QLD, WA NL 

Tiporus lachlani 4 25.0 WA NL 

Bidessodes bilita 4 0.0 NSW, QLD NL 

Cybister godeffroyi 5 40.0 NT, QLD NL 

Laccophilus seminiger 5 40.0 NT, QLD NL 

Hydaticus wattsi 5 20.0 QLD NL 

Hyphydrus decemmaculatus 5 20.0 NT, QLD NL 

Bidessodes grossus 6 0.0 QLD NL 

Chostonectes sharpi 6 33.3 NSW, QLD NL 

Copelatus melanarius 6 0.0 NSW, QLD NL 

Laccophilus univittatus 6 33.3 QLD NL 

Sternopriscus browni 7 14.3 WA NL 

Tiporus josepheni 7 14.3 NT, QLD, WA NL 

Tiporus tambreyi 7 71.4 WA NL 

Hydrovatus parallelus 8 50.0 QLD, WA NL 

Necterosoma darwini 8 62.5 WA NL 

Rhantaticus congestus 8 50.0 NSW, NT, QLD, WA NL 

Limbodessus inornatus 9 77.8 WA NL 

Necterosoma regulare 9 33.3 NSW, NT, QLD, WA NL 



than five records was 33.4, with a mean of 33.2 for the percent of records in the NRS. 

Six species of Dytiscidae had 45% or greater of individual site records located within PAs 

(Table 78). 

Table 78. Dytiscidae species with >45% of site records within the NRS. 

Species 

No. 

Records 


NRS 


NRS 

Antiporus femoralis 15 7 46.7 

Location 

ACT, NSW, SA, TAS, 

VIC, WA 

Veg 

type 

EPBC 

status 

Laccophilus sharpi 29 14 48.3 NT, QLD, WA NL 

Hydrovatus nigrita 12 6 50.0 NSW, NT, QLD NL 

Copelatus irregularis 46 23 50.0 NT, QLD, WA NL 

Cybister tripunctatus 17 9 52.9 NSW, NT, QLD, SA, NL 

NL 

188

Copelatus divisus 22 15 68.2 QLD NL 

WA 

No Dytiscidae species had less than 10% of ANHAT records located within PAs. 

No Dytiscidae species had records in more than 100 separate reserves. 

A total of 31 species had records in five or fewer PAs (Table 79). No species were listed as 

threatened. All species in this list had fewer than 100 individual site records, and no species 

had more than 49 site records. The same 31 species of Dytiscidae had records in five or 

fewer PAs greater than 1000 hectares (Table 79). 

Table 79. Dytiscidae species recorded from five or fewer PAs and in five or fewer PAs 

greater than 1000 hectares. 


No. PAs 

>1000ha 

EPBC 

status 

Copelatus bakewelli 11 1 1 NL 

Limbodessus shuckardii 12 2 1 NL 

Megaporus nativigi 11 2 2 NL 

Hydaticus daemeli 12 2 2 NL 

Sternopriscus hansardii 12 2 2 NL 

Hyphydrus contiguus 16 2 2 NL 

Hydroglyphus trifasciatus 20 2 2 NL 

Antiporus gilbertii 18 3 2 NL 

Hydrovatus nigrita 12 3 3 NL 

Sternopriscus multimaculatus 12 3 3 NL 

Copelatus marginatus 13 3 3 NL 

Megaporus howittii 14 3 3 NL 

Hydroglyphus leai 16 3 3 NL 

Laccophilus walkeri 16 3 3 NL 

Eretes australis 22 3 3 NL 

Antiporus femoralis 15 4 3 NL 

Necterosoma undecimlineatum 23 4 3 NL 

Hyphydrus effeminatus 11 4 4 NL 

Hydroglyphus mastersii 15 4 4 NL 

Copelatus divisus 22 4 4 NL 

Hydaticus bihamatus 22 4 4 NL 

Clypeodytes bifasciatus 24 4 4 NL 

Hydaticus vittatus 33 4 4 NL 

Copelatus nigrolineatus 46 4 4 NL 

Hyphydrus elegans 19 5 4 NL 

Hydrovatus fasciatus 38 5 4 NL 

Platynectes decempunctatus 38 5 4 NL 

Copelatus clarki 39 5 4 NL 

Hydroglyphus grammopterus 20 5 5 NL 

Laccophilus clarki 47 5 5 NL 

Bidessodes mjobergi 49 5 5 NL 

189

Final Discussion 

The results obtained for vertebrates provide somewhat mixed results in regards to their 

reservation status. Many species in each vertebrate group remain with relatively few (

The findings of the studies of species being found in large or small numbers of reserves 

provide simple results. Species present in larger numbers of reserves in the NRS are those 

that are mobile and/or have large ranges. Hence, they are present in or able to easily move 

through large areas of land and be present in many reserves. Birds and bats are very good 

examples, having larger numbers of species in many reserves because they move over large 

areas. On the other hand, the invertebrates provide the major numbers or species present in 

very few reserves. Many species have very small ranges and the non-flying terrestrial 

species are relatively immobile. Hence, they are not likely to cover large areas and so can 

not be present within larger numbers of reserves. Many land snails have very small 

distributional ranges, having evolved in specific rocky ranges and so will never be 

represented in many reserves. However, they can be highly reserved if their limited area of 

habitat is protected. 

One of the encouraging results of this study was that nearly all species of all 11 studied 

groups are found in more than one protected area and that, where a species is found in only a 

very few protected areas, these are generally areas greater than 1000 ha in size. Larger areas 

are less prone to edge effects and will usually contain a greater diversity of sites and larger 

populations, making these populations more robust to stochastic events and have larger 

genetic pools for evolutionary development. One thousand hectares was chosen as the cutoff 

size for a larger reserve based on its use for the same purpose by Rodrigues et al 2004. 

They used this as a minimum effective size for a reserve for a number of taxa. It is not 

specifically clear that 1000 ha is a suitable size to maintain any specific population over the 

long-term, but such an area seems likely to provide a significant area of habitat for smaller, 

relatively immobile species, allowing them to maintain relatively large numbers of 

individuals. Smaller areas have been found to maintain populations within fragmented 

landscapes with Drinnan (2005) finding 3.5 ha to be a useful reserve size threshold and, more 

importantly, patches greater than 50 ha were able to maintain forest interior species and 

species that were sensitive to human disturbances. Tocher et al (1997) also found no obvious 

loss of frogs in fragments much smaller than 1000 ha. This suggests that 1000 ha is likely to 

provide a substantial area of habitat in which to conserve populations of any of the terrestrial 

invertebrates and the smaller terrestrial vertebrates. They are not necessarily sufficiently 

large for species that fly or the more mobile vertebrates. Furthermore, we point out that 

fragmentation of the remaining native vegetation through land clearing remains a serious 

threat as it will isolate even larger areas of retained land and can render 1000 ha or larger 

reserves of little value for all but the smallest species over the very long term. 

191

Authors’ acknowledgements 

We thank Cameron Slatyer and Amy Jarrott for their interest in pursuing this project. We 

also thank Brooke Glasser for assistance in getting the project up and running and Karl 

Newport for providing the data and assistance in untangling it. We thank our various 

departments and organisations for allowing us the time and resources to undertake this work. 

Data acknowledgements 

The ANHAT data used for this report comes from authoritative sources, but these sources 

are not perfect. All species names have been confirmed as valid species names, but it is not 

possible to confirm all species locations. The summary summarises the input data, so errors 

found in the original data would also be reflected in this report. 

The scientific names and taxonomic concepts used in this report reflect an ANHAT view of 

the data and not necessarily that found in government censuses, databases or other 

authoritative lists. 

Thank you to the following organisations and individuals for providing species location data 

used in the Australian Natural Heritage Assessment Tool (ANHAT) to generate Parts A and 

B of this biodiversity summary: 

Council of Heads of Australian Faunal Collections (CHAFC) 

ANHAT acknowledges the Council of Heads of Australian Fauna Collections (CHAFC) for 

supply of data from the following CHAFC member institutions: 

• Australian Museum 

• CSIRO Australian National Insect Collection 

• Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory 

• Museum Victoria 

• Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery (Launceston) 

• Queensland Museum 

• South Australian Museum 

• Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery (Hobart) 

• Western Australian Museum 

The taxonomic concepts used in this report reflect an ANHAT view of the data and not 

necessarily that of the CHAFC parent fauna collections. 

Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (CHAH) 

ANHAT acknowledges the Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria Inc. (CHAH Inc.) and 

partners in Australia’s Virtual Herbarium (AVH) for the supply of data from the AVH. The 

AVH is a collaborative project of Australian State, Territory and Commonwealth herbaria 

through CHAH Inc. and includes: 

• Australian National Herbarium (CANB) 

• National Herbarium of New South Wales (NSW) Botanic Gardens Trust 

• Herbarium of the Northern Territory (DNA, NT) 

192

• Queensland Herbarium (BRI) 

• State Herbarium of South Australia (AD) 

• Tasmanian Herbarium (HO) 

• National Herbarium of Victoria (MEL) Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne 

• Western Australian Herbarium (PERTH). 

The taxonomic concepts used in this report reflect an ANHAT view of the data and not 

necessarily that of the AVH parent herbaria. 

Other Government Organisations 

• Commonwealth Department of Defence 

• Commonwealth Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts 

• New South Wales - Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water 

• New South Wales - Department of Industry and Investment (Forests NSW) 

• Northern Territory - Department of Natural Resources, Environment, the Arts and Sport 

• Queensland – Department of Environment and Resource Management (WildNet) 

• South Australia - Department for Environment and Heritage (Biological Survey of South 

Australia Database) 

• Tasmania - Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment (Natural 

Values Atlas) 

• Victoria - Department of Sustainability and Environment 

• Western Australia - Department of Environment and Conservation 

Non-government 

• Birds Australia 

• Mr David Crosby - Lepidoptera of Victoria 

193

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195

Appendix 1 Vertebrate summary 

%Species 

>45% 

records in 

reserves 

% Species in 

>100 large 

PAs 

%Species 

30 

records 

Total No. 

Records 


>30 

records 

Mean No. 

records/specie 

s 

Average 


NRS 

No. 

species 

less than 

10% 

No. 

Species 

more 

than 45% 

No. 

species 

more 

than 100 

reserves 

No. 

species 

more 

than 100 

Large 

reserves 

No. 

Species 

in 5 

reserves 

No. of 

species in 

5 or less 

large 

reserves 

No. Species 

Taxa 

Appendix 2 Invertebrate summary 

Taxa 

No. 

Species 

No. 

Records 

No. 

species 

>10 

records 

No 

records 

>10 

Mean 

Records 

per 

species( 

>10) 

No. 

species

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