CHONEMORPHA MACROPHYLLA AND ALLIED SPECIES.

II3 

CHONEMORPHA MACROPHYLLA AND ALLIED 

SPECIES. 

c. X . F URTADO, 

Botanic Gardens, Singap01"e. 

Introduction. 

Although Chonemorpha macrophylla G. Don is the type of 

the genus as currently interpreted, it is a species whose limits 

are not yet clearly defiued, with the result that more than one 

species are included under that specific name, and this holds 

good even after the exclusion of the Philippine and Javanese 

material that was previously referred here. It is true that 

Ridley, acting on Stapf's suggestions on tbis matter, had (in 

Agric. 13tLll. Straits & Fed. Malay States X, 19II, pp. 146-148) 

created two new specific epithets, C. penangensis and C. Rheedei, 

hoping to straighten out the matter. But) as he did not bring 

out fully the chief characters that distinguish the tbree species, 

his paper did not succeed in making matters much clearer, and 

moreover his paper with Stapf's suggestions being published in a 

periodical of purely agricultural and local interest, failed to 

attract tbe attention of horticulturists and systematists even to 

the fact that C. macrophylla as then interpreted was being 

regarded as a mixed species. It is not surprising; therefore that 

the two Supplements to rndex Kewens·is for 19II-15 and 

1916-20, publisbed respectively in 1921 and 1926, were issued 

without including Ridley's two new species, their inclusion not 

appearing until 1929 when the Supplement for 1921-25 was 

issued and when presumably the compilers' attention was drawn 

to Ridley's paper through a reference made to it in Ridley's 

Flora IT, 1923. 

In the hope, tberefore, that the circumscription of C. macro 

Phylla G . Don may become clear, and that the separation of the 

species usually confused with it may be easier, I have prepared 

the Key and the EntLmeration given below. This paper not 

being a complete revision of tbe genus, I limit myself to giving 

only those synonyms and references which I consider may be 

useful to interpret the species correctly. I have also described 

a new species C. assamensis, based on a specimen from Assam. 

The species are so variable as regards the hairiness and size 

of the leaves that it is not easy to distinguisb them on that 

character. The general outline of the leaves, the comparative 

size of the corolla and the hairiness, size and shape of the calyx 

are more stable characters and so advantage is taken of them in 

framing the key. The hairiness of the pistil is apparently a 

useful character in separating these species, and may form an 

important basis in subdividing such polymorphous species as 

Vol. IX . (1935).

II4 

C. macrophylla and C. mollis; but the material at my disposal 

was so meagre in flo wers that I did not feel myself justified to 

detach flowers from the authentic specimens for the purpose of 

dissection. 

From the enumeration given below it will be evident that 

the success of my inquiry into the various species commonly 

referred to C. macrophylla is due principally to the rich material 

preserved in the herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens, 

Calcutta. My thanks are therefore due to the Director of that 

institution for the loan of the specimens. 

Key to the Species. 

A Leaves of the flowering shoots elliptic to obovate, usually more 

narrowed in the lower half than in the upper ; base rounded, 

obtuse or slightly cordate. Calyx glabrescent or distinctly 

hairy, urceolulate or companu late or crateriform; lobes 

triangular. 

a: Calyx distinctly bairy or velvety, about 10-12 mm. lo,!g, 

slightly contracted at apex; lohes triangular, about t 

the total length of the calyx. Corolla tube 3-3. ; cm. 

long; limb 5-6.5 cm. across. 

J . C. penangensis. 

aa: Calyx glabrous or glabrescent, not contracted at apex; 

b : Calyx glabrescent,

II5 

Enumeration. 

1. C. assamenSlS Furtado spec. nov. 

A C. maerophylla G. Don, cui affinis, calycibus glaberrimis 

brevioribus, cupulifonnibus; corollarum tubo supra (haud ad) 

calycum orificium dilatato; hrec species facile distinguenda. 

A C. /mgm;nie Alston calycum lobis trianglaribus, 

ramulorum foliis floriferorllm obovatis distat. 

INDIA : ASSlI:m, loco incert (collected by a native collector 

under the supervision of G . Mann, in May 1893. Holotype in 

the Calcutta Herbarium). 

2. Chonemorpha fragrans (Moon) Alston in Ann. Roy. Bot. 

Gard. Perad. XI (1929) 203 excl. syn., et in Trimen F l. 

Ceyl. VI (1931) 192 p .p. 

Eehiies /mgrans Moon Cat. (1821) 20. Type. 

C. Rheedei Ridl. in Agric. Bull. S . & F .M.S. X (19II) 146. 

S:),n . nov. 

C. maerophylla G . Don sensu Thwaites, Enum. (1864) 194; 

Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. III (1882) 661 p.p. ; Trim., F l. Ceyl. 

III (1895) 138 quoad specimina zeylanica; Cooke, Fl. Pres. 

Bombay II (1904) 139 quoad descriptionem et specimina citata; 

Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras V (1923) 818 quoad specimina Indire 

australis. Syn. nov. 

Beluita-Kaka-Kodi Rheede, Hort. Malab. IX (1689) p. 7, tt. 

5 & 6. (Type of E. fragrans Moon). 

CEYLON: loco incert. (Thwaites, C.P. 2467 in Calcntta herb). 

Cur,TIVATED SPECIMENS : Singapore: Botanic Gardens 

(Ridley, in 19II, holotype of C. Rheedei). 

3. Chonemorpha macrophylla [Roxb.] G. Don, Gen. Syst. 

Dichl. Pt. IV (1838) 76; DC., Prodr. VIII (1844) 430, p .p .; 

Miq., Fl. Ind. Bot. II (1856 444 p .p; Thwaites, Enum. 

(1864) 194 p .p.; Hook., f., Fl. Bi·it. Ind. III (1882) 661 p.p.; 

Trim ., Fl. Ceyl. III (1895) 138 p.p. Hook.f. Bot. Mag. 

(1896) t. 7492 . Gamble in King , Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. IV 

(1907) 693 p .p .; Ridley in J ourn. Roy. Asiat. Soc. Str. Br. 

57 (1910) 68. 

C. Il!a.erophylla var. g?"andis A .DC., Prodr. VIII (1844) 450. 

S"I1 . nov. 

C. penangel1sis Rid!. in Agric. Bull. S. & F .M .S. X (191I) 

]47 quoad specimina perakensia, et F l. Mal. Pen. II (1923) 360 

p.p. Syn. nov. 

Eelldes maerophyl/a Roxb. sp. nov., Hort. Beng. (1814) 20, 

nom. Bud., et Fl. Ind. II (1824) 13 excl. syn. T y pe. {non 

E. ma.eroph:ylla H .B.K ., Nov. Gen. et. Spec. III (1819) 219]. 

E . g?"andis Wall. Cat 1658, nom. nud. 

E . laii/olia Wall. Cat. no. 1657 E, nom. nud. 

1'01 . IX . (1935) .

lI6 

INDIA: N. W. Himalaya, Dehra Dun (Mackinnon in Aug. 

1897). W. Duars, Buxa (Gamble, 7698). Provo Ineert., 

Teendaria (Gamble, 3223 B & C); loco incert. (Falconer). 

Assam and Sikkim: Sillet (Wall. Cat. 16S7A); Kom (Wall. Cat. 

1658); Kumaon (leg.?, in 1871); Goyalpara (Wall. Cat. 16S7E); 

Slik (Rebu, 873). . 

BURMA Shan States, loco incert. (Allen, 2); Lashio alt 

2,600 ft. (Lace, 5838) . 

ANDAMANS : (Prain's colI. , 57; Parkinson, 619) . 

MALAY PENINSULA : Perak, Temengo (Ridley, 14271); Larut, 

alt. 300-500 ft. (Kunstler, 3636) ; Gopeng, alt. 300-500 ft. 

(Kunstler, 6,000). 

CULTIVATED SPECIMENS: INDIA, Botanic Gardens, Calc-ulla 

(Wallich, 16S7B; Lane, 11,270). MALAY PENINSULA: Siugapore, 

Botanic Gardens (Furtado, Nov. IS, 1935). SelangO?", Kuala 

Lumpur in Public Gardens ( oV. 27, 1932). 

With the exception of those from the Malay Peninsula, all 

specimens cited above are from the Calcutta Herbarium. The 

species is variable as regards the breadth and glabrescence of the 

calyx. 

4. Chonemorpha mollis Miq., Fl. Ind. Bot. II (1856) 444 . 

stat. nov. 

C. maerophylla G. Don sensu Vidal, Cat. PI. Provo Manila 

(1880) 36; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. III (1882)"661 p.p; Koorders, 

Exkursionsfl. Jav. III (1912) 77; Heyne, Nutt. Plant. Nederl. 

Ind. IV (1917) 85, et 2nd Ed. II (1927) 1291. Syn. nov. 

C. Blaneoi Merr., Spec. Biancoame (1918) 3I2, et Enum. 

Philipp. PI. III (1923) 335. 5yn. nov. 

e. elliptiea Merr. & Rolfe in Philpp. Journ. Sci. III (1908) 

121. 5yn. nov . 

Taberncemontand elliptiea Blanco sp. nov. Fl. Filip. (1837) 

lIS (non T. elliptiea Thunb., F l. Jap . 1784, p. III). 5yn. nov. 

JAVA. 

(Horsfield, duplicate of the Type, in Calcutta herb.). 

CEI,EBES: Bonto Parang (Biinnemeijer, IdS72) . 

PHILIPPINES: Luzon, Borhoso . (Ahern, 1141; Ramos, 1065) . 

Palawan, Taytay (Merrill, 9249). 

This species, li!;:e C. macrophylla, is very variable as regards 

the pubescence and the size of leaves and calyces. A further 

iuquiry into the hairiness of the pistil and the corolla tube may 

be desirable to understand the exact significance of the several 

variations. 

5. Chonemorpha penangensis Ridley in Agric. Bull. S . & F .M .S. 

X (19Il) 147 excl. specimina perakensia, et Fl. Malay Pen. 

II (1923) 360 p.p. 

Gardens Bulletin, 5.S.

II7 

• 

c. ·macrophylla G. Don sensu Hook. f., FI. Brit. Ind. III 

(1882) 661 quoad specimina malaccensia; Gamble in King, 

Materials IV (1907) 693 p .p. 

MAr,AY PENINSULA: Penang, Balek Pulau (Ridley, 9441) ; 

Wang Seraya, alt. 500 feet (Curtis, 832) ; Ayer Etam (Hanifl', 

in April 1916, vern. name: Gerip lVIerah), Mala.cca, Brisu (Derry, 

543, \·ern. name: Akar Gerip-Gerip Merah.; loc. incert (Main gay 

1074 = Kew n. r837, in Calcutta berb.). Negri Sembilan, 

Tampin Hill (Burkill, 556). Selangor, Kepong (Symington, 

20148; Pawanche, 14673, vern. name Akar Get-it T embaga.). 

Vol. IX. (I935).

CHONEMORPHA MACROPHYLLA AND ALLIED SPECIES.

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