Limprichtia xx: nn-nn, 2001 - Jan-Peter Frahm

Mossflora Mascarenes 1<br />

A comparison of the moss flora of the Mascarenes<br />

<strong>Jan</strong>-<strong>Peter</strong> <strong>Frahm</strong><br />

Abstract: Based upon recent checklists, the moss floras of the Mascarenes (Seychelles, Réunion,<br />

Mauritius) is compared. The diversity of species varies much amongst the islands and is lowest in<br />

the Seychelles (110 species) but highest in Réunion (366 species), whereas Mauritius has 246<br />

species. Interestingly the young volcanic islands Réunion and Mauritius have much higher species<br />

numbers as the Seychelles which were part of the Gondwana continent. The richness of mosses in<br />

Réunion is due to the higher altitude (3069m), higher rainfall and the better state of conservation<br />

(30% of surface consist of intact forest), whereas the maximum altitude of the other islands hardly<br />

exceeds 800 m and most forests are destroyed.<br />

The moss flora of the islands have only few species on common and are thus almost not related.<br />

All islands have only 33 species in common. The Seychelles, which are situated about 1900 km<br />

from Réunion and Mauritius, share only 42 viz. 49 species with the latter. Réunion and Mauritius,<br />

which are 170 km away, share only 107 species. This indicates that the factor chance played an<br />

important role in the colonization of the islands. Insofar the term “Mascarenes” is a geographical<br />

but not a floristic one. The Mascarenes were mainly colonized by species from Africa and<br />

Madagascar, but also from SE-Asia und the austral region. The main floristic element is African,<br />

which is in contrast to the prevailing trade winds and might indicate that the colonization at least<br />

of the young volcanic islands happened during a different wind system in the past.<br />

1. Introduction<br />

The Mascarenes consist of three groups of islands, which are very different regarding their size,<br />

elevation, geological age and number of mosses (tab. 1).<br />

Mauritius is situated 900 km E of Madagascar and consists of volcanic rocks which originated<br />

about 8 million years ago (Fisk et al. 1989). The island is relatively small (1865 km 2 ) and low with<br />

only a few mountains reaching 800 m altitude. The natural forests were destroyed already in the<br />

19. century and replaced by sugar cane plantations with the exception of the Black River Gorge<br />

National Park in the SW of the island, were small parts of the natural vegetation as well as<br />

secondary vegetation survived.<br />

Réunion is situated 170 km E of Mauritius at the same latitude (between 20° and 21°S). It is with<br />

2511 km 2 only slightly larger as Mauritius but with 3069m much higher. It is with 2 Ma also much<br />

younger than Mauritius (Fisk et al. 1989). Due to the steepness, natural habitats in the interior of<br />

the island are in a good state of conservation with the only exception of the coastal and lowland<br />

regions, which are densely populated.<br />

The Seychelles are an archipelago consisting of 115 Islands dispersed within the Indian Ocean.<br />

Most of them are low coral islands, 42 are granitic and part of the fomer Gondwana continent,<br />

which were never been submerged during their geological history. The islands were co<strong>nn</strong>ected<br />

with India until 65 mya. Similar to Mauritius, the highest elevations do not exceed 900 m, most<br />

islands are much lower.<br />

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<strong>Frahm</strong><br />

The question is now, to which extend are the moss floras of the islands are related? Are there any<br />

relation to age, size or elevation? Is there a “Mascarenian” element in the moss flora of the<br />

islands? From where took the colonization of the islands place?<br />

2. Methods<br />

The basis for this evaluation was<br />

- for Réunion the checklist by Ah-Peng & Bardat (2005), who listed 404 species incl. infraspecific<br />

taxa. Without varieties and with regard to corrections by <strong>Frahm</strong> (in prep.), the total number was<br />

reduced to 366.<br />

- for Mauritius the moss flora by <strong>Frahm</strong> et al. (2009), which consists of 238 species. An earlier<br />

bryophyte flora of Mauritius by Tixier (1996) was overlooked since it was published by the sugar<br />

cane company in Mauritius. This raised the number of species to 246.<br />

- for the Seychelles by <strong>Frahm</strong> & Ho (2009), which is based on O´Shea et al. (2006) and consists of<br />

110 species.<br />

The data for the Seychelles and Réunion reflect the present state of knowledge and are based on<br />

the original literature, however, the checklist for Réunion is based on a manuscript on disk entitled<br />

“Mosses from Africa 3 sensu Index Muscorum” compiled by Gillis Een. It includes many dubious<br />

records, perhaps errors in the Index Muscorum. This list has tentatively also been used for the<br />

compilation of the moss flora of Mauritius (<strong>Frahm</strong> et al. 2009), but records of many species could<br />

not be confirmed by the original literature, which were accordingly omitted. Thus the number of<br />

species of mosses in Réunion is surely too high.<br />

The data were entered in a spreadsheet and evaluated.<br />

.<br />

Tab. 1: Bryological and geographical data for the Mascarenes Islands.<br />

Mauritius Réunion Seychelles<br />

Size km 2 1865 2511 455<br />

Max. elevation m 828 3069 905<br />

Age (ma) 20 2 65-160<br />

Number of mosses 246 366 110<br />

endemic species 0 [72] 4<br />

The extreme discrepancy of the species numbers of mosses (110 – 246 – 366 species) ca<strong>nn</strong>ot be<br />

correlated with factors such as age, size or elevation of the islands. Although the highest island<br />

Réunion has the highest number of species, it is the youngest one and the Seychelles as the oldest<br />

islands have the lowermost species numbers. This raises questions such as<br />

- which species are found only on Mauritius, Réunion or the Seychelles?<br />

- which species are shared by Mauritius, Réunion or the Seychelles or part of the islands?<br />

- Can the Gondwanan element in the moss flora of the Seychelles be recognized? Are the<br />

mosses from Mauritius colonizer typical for long distance dispersal?<br />

- To which extend is the richness of the moss flora of Réunion based upon the high<br />

elevation?<br />

3. Results<br />

The results of the evaluation are summarized in tab. 2.<br />

Only 33 species are found in all islands, which is a remarkable low number and only 6,3 % of the<br />

total species.<br />

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Mossflora Mascarenes 3<br />

Fifty three species reported from the Seychelles (almost half of its moss flora) are found only on<br />

this archipelago and no other islands of the Mascarenes. Mauritius has 82 species (33% of the<br />

species) which are exclusively found on this island, Réunion 206 species (56,2%).<br />

One hundred seven species are found on Mauritius as well as Réunion, which is almost half of the<br />

moss flora of Mauritius but a quarter of the moss flora of Réunion. Taking into account the higher<br />

elevation of Mauritius and therefore the species which have no adequate habitat on Mauritius, we<br />

have an accordance of about 50% of mosses on both islands. In contrast, the Seychelles share only<br />

42 species with Réunion and 49 species with Mauritius, which is a remarkably low number. The<br />

low percentage of accordance of Réunion might be due to the higher elevation since only part of<br />

the species from Réunion can exist on the Seychelles. The percentage of species from the<br />

Seychelles in common with Réunion or Mauritius is, however, around 40%.<br />

Tab. 2: Relationships between the moss floras of the Mascarenes<br />

see appendix Percentage of total<br />

Species only on the Seychelles 53 5 48,1<br />

Species only on Mauritius 82 7 33<br />

Species only on Réunion 206 6 39,7<br />

Species common on all islands 33 1 6,3<br />

Species on the Seychelles and 49 4 19,9 (Mauritius)<br />

Mauritius<br />

44,5 (Seychelles)<br />

Species on the Seychelles and 42 3 11,4 (Réunion)<br />

Réunion<br />

38,1 (Seychelles)<br />

Species on Réunion and Mauritius 145 2 58,9 (Mauritius)<br />

39,6 (Réunion)<br />

Species in total 519<br />

Species on Mauritius 246<br />

Species on Réunion 366<br />

Species on the Seychelles 110<br />

The poor moss flora of the Seychelles is striking: there is no one species of Leucobryum,<br />

Polytrichum is present with one species (but 4 in Réunion), Pogonatum is lacking (but 7 species in<br />

Réunion), Schlotheimia is lacking (but 11 in Réunion), Sphagnum is lacking (even in Mauritius<br />

are 5 species). The Seychelles are not more undercollected than the other islands, since species of<br />

Pogonatum or Polytrichum would have been collected. The lack of species on the Seychelles<br />

ca<strong>nn</strong>ot be explained by the geology (granite in contrast to volcanic soil on the other islands), nor<br />

the humidity (the highest parts are even more humid than the according regions on Mauritius) or<br />

the restriction of wet forests to small areas (similar to Mauritius). All islands are under the<br />

influence of the southeastern trade winds and have almost the same chances to be colonized by<br />

moss spores. It almost seems as if there has been an extinction event on the Seychelles. Or is this<br />

an effect of the small size?<br />

The high number (55) percentage of species on the Seychelles (appendix 5), which area confined<br />

to this archipelago, shows that it probably has conserved part of the Gondwanan flora. Its high age<br />

is reflected by a comparably “high” rate of endemism.<br />

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<strong>Frahm</strong><br />

Fig. 1: Bryofloristic relationships between the Mascarenes Island based on mosses. S =<br />

Seychelles, M = Mauritius, R = Réunion. Numbers = species numbers, in brackets = species only<br />

found on this island.<br />

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4. Phytogeographical elements<br />

Mossflora Mascarenes 5<br />

The Mascarenes are located approx. 3300 km (Seychelles) or 5000 km (Réunion, Mauritius)<br />

away from Indonesia but only 800 km (Réunion) viz. 980 km away from Madagascar. This should<br />

cause a stronger floristic affinity to Africa. On the other hand, the prevailing wind system is the SE<br />

trade wind.<br />

The presence of SE-asiatic floristic elements on the Mascarenes can be explained (except for<br />

introduction by man) mainly by long distance dispersal and demonstrate the enormous success of<br />

spore dispersal. The spores are released in the source range and dispersed over the Indian Ocean,<br />

in which the islands cover only an extremely small part. The size of the Indian Ocean between<br />

Indonesia and the Mascarenes is about 14 million km 2 , whereas the area of the islands is about<br />

6000 km 2 . So the chance for a spore to meet an island is 1:2333. The chance is even much lower if<br />

one considers that the species does not occur everywhere in the source range and if it lands on an<br />

island, must meet an appropriate habitat.<br />

It is difficult to set up a list of phytogeographical elements of all species due to the lack of<br />

information. However, a genus can be used for a case study. Campylopus is one of the largest<br />

moss genera and almost worldwide distributed. It is present on the Mascarenes with 25 species and<br />

therefore quite representative. These 25 species belong to the following phytogeographical<br />

elements:<br />

1. African: arctocarpus, arcuatus, aureonitens, cambouei, crateris, flaccidus, flavicoma,<br />

hildebrandtii, julaceus, nanophyllus, praetermissus, pseudobicolor, robillardei,<br />

smaragdinus, trachyblepharum.<br />

2. neotropical and African (tropical montane-subalpine): jamesonii, fragilis, flexuosus,<br />

pilifer, nivalis.<br />

3. Austral: introflexus, pyriformis.<br />

4. SE-Asian: schmidii.<br />

5. Endemic: fuscolutescens.<br />

6. Gondwanan: thwaitesii.<br />

Fifteen of twenty-five species belong to the African element, which seems to be not surprising<br />

since this is the nearest continent. However, Africa is situated against the prevailing wind system!<br />

Four species are endemic on the Seychelles but no one is known from Mauritius (tab. 1) , which<br />

reflects the younger age. In contrast, seventy-two species were indicated as endemic for Réunion<br />

(17%) by Ah-Peng & Bardat (2005), a number which is certainly wrong because many of the<br />

species marked as endemic are more widespread. Generally the indication of rates of endemism in<br />

bryophytes are dubious because they will not last long but tend to decline with increasing<br />

taxonomic and floristic research.<br />

5. Discussion<br />

The low number of species common in all islands is a strange fact, especially under consideration<br />

that the climatic conditions on all islands are comparable. It corroborates somewhat the hypothesis<br />

that mosses are widespread, have wide ranges and are easily dispersed.<br />

A similar analysis has been performed with the islands of the Azores (<strong>Frahm</strong> ). It resulted in the<br />

fact that neither distance, altitude, size or age of the islands correlate with the species numbers und<br />

led to the conclusion that the distribution pattern of bryophytes is primarily based in chance.<br />

Chance (or unknown reasons) seems also to determine the moss flora of the Mascarenes.<br />

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<strong>Frahm</strong><br />

Acknowledgements<br />

I wish to thank Brian O´Shea and Tamas Pócs for providing Tixier´s bryoflora of Mauritius.<br />

References<br />

Ah-Peng, C., Bardat, J. 2005. Ckeck list of the bryophytes of Réunion Island. Tropical Bryology<br />

26: 89-118.<br />

Fisk, M.R., Duncan, R.A., Baxter, A.N., Greenough, J.D. Hargraves, R.B., Tatsumi, Y. 1989.<br />

Réunion hot spot magma chemistry over the past 65 m.y.: Results from Leg 115 of ther<br />

Ocean Drilling Program. Geology 17: 934-937.<br />

<strong>Frahm</strong>, J.-P. 2005. An evaluation of the bryoflora of the Azores. Tropical Bryology 26: 57-80.<br />

<strong>Frahm</strong>, J.-P. in prep. Additions and corrections to the moss flora of Réunion. Archive for<br />

Bryology.<br />

<strong>Frahm</strong>, J.-P., Ho, B.C. 2009. A new contribution to the moss flora of the I<strong>nn</strong>er Seychelles. Archiv<br />

for Bryology 38: 1-16.<br />

<strong>Frahm</strong>, J.-P., O´Shea, B.J., Ho, B.C. 2009. The Moss Flora of Mauritius. Archive for Bryology 51:<br />

1-26.<br />

O´Shea, B.J. 2006. Checklist of the mosses of Subsaharan Africa (version 5). Tropical Bryology<br />

Research report 6: 1-252.<br />

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Appendix<br />

1. Species occuring on all islands<br />

(33)<br />

Acroporium megasporum<br />

Barbula indica<br />

Aerobryopsis capensis<br />

Barbula indica<br />

Brachymenium exile<br />

Bryum apiculatum (nitens)<br />

Calymperes hispidum<br />

Calymperes palisotii<br />

Calymperes taitense<br />

Campylopus arctocarpus<br />

Campylopus arcuatus<br />

Campylopus flexuosus<br />

Campylopus julaceus<br />

Campylopus robillardei<br />

Distichophyllum mascarenicum<br />

Ectropothecium regulare<br />

Fissidens crispulus<br />

Hyophila involuta<br />

Leucoloma longifolium<br />

Leucoloma seychellense<br />

Leucoloma sinuosulum<br />

Leucophanes angustifolium<br />

Macrohymenium acidodon<br />

Macromitrium pallidum<br />

Octoblepharum albidum<br />

Papillaria africana<br />

Philonotis hastata<br />

Philonotis mauritiana<br />

Polytrichum subpilosum<br />

Porotrichum elongatum<br />

Pyrrhobryum spiniforme<br />

Radulina borbonica<br />

Serpotorella cyrtophylla<br />

Syrrhopodon involutus<br />

Trachyphyllum inflexum<br />

2. Species occuring on Réunion and<br />

Mauritius (145)<br />

Acroporium megasporum<br />

Aerobryopsis capensis<br />

Anoectangium aestivum<br />

Anomodon pseudotristis<br />

Atrichum androgynum<br />

Barbula indica<br />

Bartramia gigantea<br />

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Mossflora Mascarenes<br />

Brachymenium eurychelium<br />

Brachymenium exile<br />

Brachymenium leptophyllum<br />

Brachythecium borgenii<br />

Breutelia magdalenae<br />

Bryum apiculatum (nitens)<br />

Bryum argenteum<br />

Bryum aubertii<br />

Bryum billardierei<br />

Bryum coronatum<br />

Callicostella fissidentella<br />

Callicostella salaziae<br />

Calymperes hispidum<br />

Calymperes palisotii<br />

Calymperes taitense<br />

Calyptrotheca asplenioides<br />

Campylopus arctocarpus<br />

Campylopus arcuatus<br />

Campylopus aureonitens<br />

Campylopus flexuosus<br />

Campylopus hildebrandtii<br />

Campylopus julaceus<br />

Campylopus pilifer<br />

Campylopus praetermissus<br />

Campylopus robillardei<br />

Campylopus thwaitesii<br />

Campylopus trachyblepharum<br />

Cardotiella appendiculata<br />

Cardotiella subappendiculata<br />

Catagonium nitens<br />

Ceratodon purpureus<br />

Chaetomitrium borbonicum<br />

Cyclodictyon vesiculosum<br />

Distichophyllum mascarenicum<br />

Ditrichum difficile<br />

Ectropothecium regulare<br />

Ectroprothecium valentinii<br />

Entodon dregeanus<br />

Entosthodon borbonicus<br />

Fissidens crispulus<br />

Fissidens darntyi<br />

Fissidens ovatus<br />

Fissidens palmifolius<br />

Fissidens plumosus<br />

Floribundaria floribunda<br />

Floribundaria vaginans<br />

Funaria hygrometrica<br />

Hildebrantiella phleoides<br />

Holomitrium borbonicum<br />

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2<br />

Holomitrium cyclindraceum<br />

Homaliodendron exiguum<br />

Hymenostylium scaturiginosum<br />

Hyophila involuta<br />

Hypopterygium tamarisci<br />

Isopterygium intortum<br />

Jaegerina solitaria<br />

Leiomitrium plicatum<br />

Leptodon fuciformis<br />

Leucobryum boryanum<br />

Leucobryum isleanum<br />

Leucobryum mayottense<br />

Leucoloma bifidum<br />

Leucoloma candidulum<br />

Leucoloma cinclidotioides<br />

Leucoloma fuscifolium<br />

Leucoloma lepervancheri<br />

Leucoloma longifolium<br />

Leucoloma persecundum<br />

Leucoloma rutenbergii<br />

Leucoloma seychellense<br />

Leucoloma sinuosulum<br />

Leucophanes angustifolium<br />

Leucophanes hildebrandtii<br />

Leucophanes rodriguezii<br />

Lopidium struthiopteris<br />

Macrohymenium acidodon<br />

Macromitrium fimbriatum<br />

Macromitrium mauritianum<br />

Macromitrium pallidum<br />

Macromitrium voeltzkowii<br />

Meiothecium madagascariense<br />

Mittenothamnium madagassum<br />

Mittenothamnium reptans<br />

Neckeropsis lepineana<br />

Octoblepharum albidum<br />

Orthostichidium pentasticha<br />

Orthostichopsis longinervis<br />

Papillaria africana<br />

Philonotis gracilescens<br />

Philonotis hastata<br />

Philonotis mauritiana<br />

Pi<strong>nn</strong>atella minuta<br />

Pogonatum belangeri<br />

Pogonatum convolutum<br />

Pogonatum gracilifolium<br />

Polytrichum commune<br />

Polytrichum formosum<br />

Polytrichum subpilosum<br />

Porotrichum elongatum<br />

Porotrichum madagassum<br />

<strong>Frahm</strong><br />

Porotrichum stipitatum<br />

Porotrichum usagarum<br />

Prionodon ciliatus<br />

Pterogonium gracile<br />

Pyrrhobryum spiniforme<br />

Racomitrium lanuginosum<br />

Racopilum africanum<br />

Racopilum ayresii<br />

Racopilum mauritianum<br />

Racopilum tomentosum<br />

Radulina borbonica<br />

Rhodobryum commersonii<br />

Rhynchostegium distans<br />

Rutenbergia prionodon<br />

Schlotheimia angulosa<br />

Schlotheimia badiella<br />

Schlotheimia fornicata<br />

Schlotheimia robillardi<br />

Sematophyllum crassiusculum<br />

Sematophyllum schimperi<br />

Sematophyllum subpi<strong>nn</strong>atum<br />

Serpotorella cyrtophylla<br />

Sphagnum perichaetiale<br />

Sphagnum rutenbergii<br />

Sphagnum truncatum<br />

Sphagnum tumidulum<br />

Sphagnum violascens<br />

Syrrhopodon involutus<br />

Syrrhopodon mauritianus<br />

Taxithelium pseudo-amoenum<br />

Tortella humilis<br />

Trachyphyllum inflexum<br />

Trematodon subambiguus<br />

Trichostomum brachydontium<br />

Trichostomum crispulum<br />

Trichostomum tenuirostre<br />

Ulota fulva<br />

Warburgiella leptorrhyncha<br />

Weissia ayresii<br />

3. Species occuring on the<br />

Seychelles and Réunion (42)<br />

Acroporium megasporum<br />

Aerobryopsis capensis<br />

Barbula indica<br />

Brachymenium exile<br />

Bryum apiculatum (nitens)<br />

Calymperes hispidum<br />

Calymperes palisotii<br />

Calymperes taitense<br />

Campylopus arctocarpus<br />

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Campylopus arcuatus<br />

Campylopus flexuosus<br />

Campylopus julaceus<br />

Campylopus nanophyllus<br />

Campylopus robillardei<br />

Distichophyllum mascarenicum<br />

Ectropothecium regulare<br />

Fissidens crispulus<br />

Fissidens pellucidus<br />

Fissidens sciophyllus<br />

Garckea flexuosa<br />

Hyophila involuta<br />

Leucoloma longifolium<br />

Leucoloma seychellense<br />

Leucoloma sinuosulum<br />

Leucomium strumosum<br />

Leucophanes angustifolium<br />

Macrohymenium acidodon<br />

Macromitrium pallidum<br />

Octoblepharum albidum<br />

Papillaria africana<br />

Philonotis hastata<br />

Philonotis mauritiana<br />

Polytrichum subpilosum<br />

Porotrichum elongatum<br />

Pyrrhobryum spiniforme<br />

Radulina borbonica<br />

Serpotorella cyrtophylla<br />

Syrrhopodon armatus<br />

Syrrhopodon involutus<br />

Syrrhopodon mahensis<br />

Syrrhopodon prolifer<br />

Trachyphyllum inflexum<br />

4. Species occuring on the<br />

Seychelles and Mauritius (49)<br />

Acroporium megasporum<br />

Aerobryopsis capensis<br />

Aerobryopsis longissima<br />

Barbula indica<br />

Brachymenium exile<br />

Bryum apiculatum (nitens)<br />

Bryum leptospeiron<br />

Callicostella brevipes<br />

Callicostella seychellensis<br />

Calymperes graeffeanum<br />

Calymperes hispidum<br />

Calymperes palisotii<br />

Calymperes taitense<br />

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Mossflora Mascarenes 3<br />

Calymperes tenerum<br />

Campylopus arctocarpus<br />

Campylopus arcuatus<br />

Campylopus flexuosus<br />

Campylopus julaceus<br />

Campylopus robillardei<br />

Cyclodictyon vallis-gratiae<br />

Distichophyllum mascarenicum<br />

Ectropothecium regulare<br />

Fissidens crispulus<br />

Fissidens serratus<br />

Hyophila involuta<br />

Isopterygium argyroleucum<br />

Leucoloma delicatulum<br />

Leucoloma dichelymoides<br />

Leucoloma isleanum<br />

Leucoloma longifolium<br />

Leucoloma seychellense<br />

Leucoloma sinuosulum<br />

Leucophanes angustifolium<br />

Macrohymenium acidodon<br />

Macromitrium pallidum<br />

Octoblepharum albidum<br />

Papillaria africana<br />

Philonotis hastata<br />

Philonotis mauritiana<br />

Polytrichum subpilosum<br />

Porotrichum elongatum<br />

Pyrrhobryum spiniforme<br />

Radulina borbonica<br />

Serpotorella cyrtophylla<br />

Syrrhopodon hispidocostatus<br />

Syrrhopodon involutus<br />

Syrrhopodon revolutus<br />

Trachyphyllum inflexum<br />

Vesicularia albo-viridis<br />

5. Species which only occur on the<br />

Seychelles (53)<br />

Acanthorrhynchium papillatum<br />

Acroporium diminutum<br />

Acroporium lamprophyllum<br />

Brachymenium dicranoides<br />

Bryum alpinum<br />

Callicostella africana<br />

Calymperes afzelii<br />

Calymperes couguiense<br />

Calymperes erosum<br />

Calymperes motleyi

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Calymperes norkettii<br />

Calymperes pallidum<br />

Campylopus flacidus<br />

Clastobryophilum bogoricum<br />

Cyclodictyon hildebrandtii<br />

Dicranella acroclada<br />

Dicranella polii<br />

Ectropothecium brachycladulum<br />

Ectropothecium chenagonii<br />

Ectropothecium perrottii<br />

Ectropothecium seychellarum<br />

Ectropothecium squarrifolium<br />

Fissidens bristatosus<br />

Fissidens ceylonesis<br />

Fissidens flaccidus<br />

Fissidens jeffreyi<br />

Fissidens marthae<br />

Fissidens minutus<br />

Fissidens reflexus<br />

Fissidens seychellensis<br />

Fissidens zollingeri<br />

Himantocladium cyclophyllum<br />

Isopterygium gracile<br />

Isopterygium subleptoblastum<br />

Leucoloma strumosum<br />

Leucophanes glaucum<br />

Leucophanes octoblepharioides<br />

Leucophanes seychellarum<br />

Luisierella barbula<br />

Macromitrium sclerodictyon<br />

Macromitrium subpungens<br />

Mitthyridium fasciculatum<br />

Neckeropsis boiviniana<br />

Papilliopsis mahensis<br />

Pelekium gratum<br />

Pi<strong>nn</strong>atella mucronata<br />

Syrrhopodon albidus<br />

Syrrhopodon croceus<br />

Taxithelium instratum<br />

Taxithelium planulum<br />

Trichosteleum debettei<br />

Trichosteleum stictum<br />

Vesicularia crassiramea<br />

6. Species which only occur on<br />

Réunion (206)<br />

Aerobrydium subpiligerum<br />

Amphidium tortuosum<br />

<strong>Frahm</strong><br />

Anacolia laevisphaera<br />

Andreaea borbonica<br />

Andreaea tsaratananae<br />

Anisothecium cardotti<br />

Anoectangium mafatense<br />

Anoectangium rhaphidostegium<br />

Anomobryum laceratum<br />

Anomodon tristis<br />

Aongstroemia filiformis<br />

Aongstroemia julacea<br />

Astomum borbonicum<br />

Atractylocarpus madagascariensis<br />

Barbula unguiculata<br />

Bartramia ithyphylla<br />

Bartramia longifolia<br />

Blindia acuta<br />

Blindia magellanica<br />

Brachymenium gemmiferum<br />

Brachymenium pulchrum<br />

Brachythecium chauvetii<br />

Brachythecium decurrens<br />

Brachythecium plumosum<br />

Brachythecium valentinii<br />

Breutelia borbonica<br />

Breutelia gnaphalea<br />

Breutelia perrieri<br />

Breutelia stenodictyon<br />

Breutelia stuhlma<strong>nn</strong>ii<br />

Bryoerythrophyllum campylocarpum<br />

Bryum cadetii<br />

Bryum celluare<br />

Bryum pseudotriquetrum<br />

Calyptothecium acutifolium<br />

Campylopus crateris<br />

Campylopus fragilis<br />

Campylopus introflexus<br />

Campylopus jamesonii<br />

Campylopus nivalis<br />

Campylopus pyriformis<br />

Campylopus schmidii<br />

Campylopus smaragdinus<br />

Cyclodictyon albicans<br />

Cyclodictyon borbonicum<br />

Cyclodictyon brevifolium<br />

Cyclodictyon perrottetii<br />

Daltonia angustifolia<br />

Daltonia latimarginata<br />

Daltonia onraedtii<br />

Dicranella cratericola<br />

Dicranella flavipes<br />

Dicranella subsubulata<br />

ISSN 0945-3466

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Dicranoloma billardierei<br />

Dicranoloma borbonicum<br />

Didymodon maschalogena<br />

Ditrichum punctulatum<br />

Ectroprothecium occulum<br />

Ectroprothecium viridulum<br />

Entodon geminidens<br />

Entodon macropodu<br />

Entosthodon lepervanchei<br />

Eurhynchium acicladium<br />

Eustichia longirostris<br />

Felipponea assimilis<br />

Fissidens asplenioides<br />

Fissidens brevifrons<br />

Fissidens ellipticus<br />

Fissidens intramarginatus<br />

Fissidens planifrons<br />

Fissidens pseudoplumosus<br />

Grimmia eongata<br />

Grimmia laevigata<br />

Grimmia longirostris<br />

Gymnostomiella vernicosa<br />

Hedwigidum integrifolium<br />

Hildebrandtiella rotundifolia<br />

Hookeria splachnifolia<br />

Hylocomnium brevirostre<br />

Hymenostylium recurvirostrum<br />

Hypnum bicolor<br />

Hypnum boryanum<br />

Hypnum cupressiforme<br />

Hypnum jutlandicum<br />

Hypnum macrogynum<br />

Hypnum radiatum<br />

Isopterygium citrinellum<br />

Isopterygium molle<br />

Isopterygium radicans<br />

Leiomela bartramioides<br />

Lepidopilidium caespitosa<br />

Lepidopilidium flexuosum<br />

Lepidopilidium hirsutum<br />

Lepidopilidium isleanum<br />

Leptodontium flexifolium<br />

Leptodontium longicaule<br />

Leptodontium pungens<br />

Leptodontium viticulosoides<br />

Leptophascum leptophyllum<br />

Leptotrichella lutaria<br />

Leucobryum javense<br />

Leucobryum juniperoideum<br />

Leucoloma boivinianum<br />

Leucoloma capillifolium<br />

ARCHIVE FOR BRYOLOGY 55 (2009)<br />

Mossflora Mascarenes 5<br />

Leucoloma cirrosulum<br />

Leucoloma mafatense<br />

Leucoloma membranaceum<br />

Leucoloma onraedtii<br />

Leucoloma sanctae-mariae<br />

Leucoloma subcespitulans<br />

Macrocoma tenuis<br />

Macromitrium belangeri<br />

Macromitrium fasciculare<br />

Macromitrium gimalacii<br />

Macromitrium rufescens<br />

Macromitrium scleropodium<br />

Macromitrium serpens<br />

Mielichhoferia borbonica<br />

Mittenothamnium limosum<br />

Mittenothamnium microthmanioides<br />

Neckera valentiana<br />

Orthodontium loreifolium<br />

Orthostichidium involutifolium<br />

Orthostichopsis subimbricata<br />

Orthostichopsis sublivens<br />

Palamocladium leskeoides<br />

Pelekium versicolor<br />

Philonotis perigonialis<br />

Philonotis scabrifolia<br />

Philonotis submarchica<br />

Phyllodon perplanicaulis<br />

Phyllodon truncatulus<br />

Phyllogonium viscosum<br />

Physcomitrium spathulatum<br />

Pilotrichella isleana<br />

Pilotrichella mascarenica<br />

Pilotrichella phleoides<br />

Plagiomnium rhynchphorum<br />

Plagiothecium nitens<br />

Pogonatum perichaetiale<br />

Pogonatum urnigerum<br />

Pogonatum usambaricum<br />

Polytrichum piliferum<br />

Porothamnium variifolioides<br />

Pseudephemerum nitidium<br />

Pseudopohlia microstoma<br />

Pseudoscleropodium purum<br />

Pseudosymblepharis bombayensis<br />

Pseudosymblepharis circi<strong>nn</strong>atula<br />

Ptychomitrium subcrispatum<br />

Racomitrium membranaceum<br />

Racomitrium subsecundum<br />

Racopilum capense<br />

Racopilum schmidii<br />

Rhacocarpus purpurascens

---

6<br />

Rhaphydorrhynchium crispans<br />

Rhaphydorrhynchium rubricaule<br />

Rhodobryum giganteum<br />

Rhynchostegiella tenelliformis<br />

Rhynchostegium comorae<br />

Rhyncostegium pseudodistans<br />

Rutenbergia borbonica<br />

Schistidium apocarpum<br />

Schlotheimia brachyphylla<br />

Schlotheimia illecebra<br />

Schlotheimia malacophylla<br />

Schlotheimia microcarpa<br />

Schlotheimia richardii<br />

Schlotheimia squarrosa<br />

Schlotheimia subfornicata<br />

Schwetschkea grateloupii<br />

Sematophyllum sinuosulum<br />

Serpotorella chenagonii<br />

Sphagnum bourbonense<br />

Sphagnum capense<br />

Sphagnum capillifolium<br />

Sphagnum ceylonicum<br />

Sphagnum condensatum<br />

Sphagnum davidii<br />

Sphagnum ericetorum<br />

Sphagnum strictum<br />

Squamidium brasiliense<br />

Stereophyllum radiculosum<br />

Symphyodon pygmaeus<br />

Syrrhopodon asper<br />

Syrrhopodon gardneri<br />

Syrrhopodon gaudichaudii<br />

Syrrhopodon parasiticus<br />

Syrrhopodon rodriguezii<br />

Tayloria isleana<br />

Tayloria orthodonta<br />

Thuidium aculeoserratum<br />

Thuidium assimile<br />

Thuidium tamariscinum<br />

Tortella vernicosa<br />

Trachypodopsis serrulata<br />

Trachypus bicolor<br />

Trematodon borbonicus<br />

Trematodon paradoxus<br />

Trichosteleum adhaerens<br />

Trichosteleum constrictum<br />

Trichosteleum debettei<br />

Trichosteleum pervilleanum<br />

Trichostomum cardotii<br />

<strong>Frahm</strong><br />

7. Species which only occur on<br />

Mauritius (82)<br />

Aerobryopsis cirrifolia<br />

Archidium ohioense<br />

Barbella capillicaulis<br />

Barbula inclinans<br />

Brachymenium acuminatum<br />

Brachymenium nepalense<br />

Brachythecium implicatum<br />

Bryoxiphium norvegicum<br />

Bryum erythrocaulon<br />

Bryum huillense<br />

Bryum muehlenbeckii<br />

Callicostella erosotruncata<br />

Callicostella lacerans<br />

Callicostella parvocellulata<br />

Calliegonella cuspidata<br />

Calymperes dozyanum<br />

Calymperes nossi-combae<br />

Campylopus cambouei<br />

Campylopus flavicoma<br />

Campylopus fusco-lutescens<br />

Campylopus pseudobicolor<br />

Cyclodictyon aubertii<br />

Ectropothecium intertextum<br />

Ectropothecium mauritianum<br />

Ectropothecium nishimurii<br />

Ectropothecium paillotii<br />

Entodon motelayi<br />

Entosthodon mauritianus<br />

Fissidens subexasperatus<br />

Fissidens subplanifrons<br />

Glossadelphus scutellifolius<br />

Groutiella laxotorquata<br />

Groutiella tomentosa<br />

Gymnostomum calcareum<br />

Helicodontium lanceolatum<br />

Holomitrium lepervanchei<br />

Homaliodendron flabellatum<br />

Homaliodendron piniforme<br />

Hydrogonium consanguineum<br />

Hypnum gracilirameum<br />

Jaegerina formosa<br />

Jaegerina retrosquarrosa<br />

Jaegerina robillardii<br />

Lepidopillidium subrevolutum<br />

Lepidopilum lastii<br />

Leskea mauritiana<br />

Leucobryum comorense<br />

ISSN 0945-3466

---

Leucobryum perrotii<br />

Leucoloma amblyacron<br />

Leucoloma grimmioides<br />

Leucoloma pallidulum<br />

Leucophanes octoblepharioides<br />

Leucophanes renauldii<br />

Macromitrium funicaule<br />

Mesonodon flavescens<br />

Mittenothamnium serratum<br />

Orthostichella longinervis<br />

Orthostichella rigida<br />

Oxystegus rhodesiae<br />

Papillaria acinacifolia<br />

Papillaria renauldii<br />

Pogonatum capense<br />

Rhizofabronia persoonii<br />

Schlotheimia ferruginosa<br />

Schlotheimia microphylla<br />

Scorpiurium circinatum<br />

Sematophyllum aneuron<br />

Sematophyllum corticola<br />

Sematophyllum longinerve<br />

Stereophyllum limnobioides<br />

Syrrhopodon apertifolius<br />

Syrrhopodon graminifolius<br />

Taxithelium lindbergii<br />

Thamniopsis pappeana<br />

Thuidium pseudoinvolvens<br />

Tortella caespitosa<br />

Tortula rufa<br />

Trichosteleum borbonicum<br />

Trichosteleum microdontum<br />

Trichosteleum perottii<br />

Vesicularia ayresii<br />

Vesicularia bescherellei<br />

ARCHIVE FOR BRYOLOGY 55 (2009)<br />

Mossflora Mascarenes<br />

7