Annotated checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima ...

H. Motomura and K. Matsuura (eds) Fishes of Yaku-shima Island 

National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, 10 March 2010 

Annotated checklist of marine and estuarine fishes 

of Yaku-shima Island, Kagoshima, southern Japan 

Hiroyuki Motomura 1* , Kaoru Kuriiwa 2 , Eri Katayama 3 , Hiroshi Senou 4 , 

Gota Ogihara 1 , Masatoshi Meguro 1 , Mizuki Matsunuma 1 , Yohko Takata 2 , 

Tomohiro Yoshida 1 , Masahiro Yamashita 1 , Seishi Kimura 5 , Hiromitsu Endo 3 , 

Atsunobu Murase 6 , Yukio Iwatsuki 7 , You Sakurai 8 , Shigeru Harazaki 9 , 

Kouichi Hidaka 7 , Hikaru Izumi 7 , and Keiichi Matsuura 2 

1 Kagoshima University Museum, 1-21-30 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan 

2 National Museum of Nature and Science, 3-23-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan 

3 Laboratory of Marine Biology, Faculty of Science, Kochi University, 2-5-1 Akebono, Kochi 780-8520 Japan 

4 Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural History, 499 Iryuda, Odawara, Kanagawa 250-0031, Japan 

5 Fisheries Research Laboratory, Mie University, 4190-172 Wagu, Shima, Mie 517-0703, Japan 

6 Tateyama Station, Field Science Center, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 670 Banda, Tateyama, Chiba 294-0308, Japan 

7 Division of Fisheries Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan 

8 Okinawa Environmental Research Co., Ltd., 2-6-19 Aja, Naha, Okinawa 900-0003, Japan 

9 Diving Service Mori to Umi, 1559-1 Miyanoura, Yakushima, Kumage, Kagoshima 891-4205, Japan 

* Corresponding author: e-mail: motomura@kaum.kagoshima-u.ac.jp 

Abstract An annotated checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island, Kagoshima 

Prefecture, southern Japan, was compiled from field and literature surveys. All registered specimens 

previously recorded from Yaku-shima Island in published papers were re-examined. A total of 951 

species (382 genera, 112 families, 24 orders), including 374 species that represent the first reliable 

records from the island on the basis of collected specimens, are listed with citation of literature, 

registration numbers, sizes, localities in the island, nomenclatural and taxonomic remarks, and color 

photographs if available. A new Japanese name is proposed for a bythitid, Alionematichthys piger. 

Zoogeographical implications of the Yaku-shima Island ichthyofauna are discussed. 

Key words: fish fauna, checklist, Yaku-shima Island, Kagoshima, Japan, Kuroshio Current. 

Introduction 

In 1904–1905, Mr. Robert Anderson, who 

was a graduate student of Stanford University and 

usually studied birds, collected fishes from Yakushima 

and Tanega-shima Islands, Kagoshima, 

Japan. His collection was sent to the United States 

National Museum and Stanford University. In 

1906 Jordan and Starks reported 20 species of 

fishes, including seven new species, from these islands 

on the basis of Anderson’s collection. Thirteen 

of the 20 species were described on the basis 

of specimens from Yaku-shima Island, and these 

are currently deposited at the Museum Support 

Center of the Smithsonian Institution National 

Museum of Natural History, Suitland (formerly 

United States National Museum) and the California 

Academy of Sciences, San Francisco (all 

fish specimens moved from Stanford University 

around 1969). These represent the oldest available 

fish specimens from Yaku-shima Island. 

After Jordan and Starks (1906), no comprehensive 

reports on fishes from Yaku-shima Island 

were published for nearly 70 years until 1975. 

Arai and Ida (1975) reported 143 species from 

Yaku-shima and Tanega-shima Islands, 80 species 

of which were collected from Kusugawa on the 

northeast coast of Yaku-shima Island. Although 

Arai and Ida’s (1975) report was based on collected 

specimens, they gave no indication of 

voucher specimens, including registration numbers. 

However, most of their specimens were in 

fact deposited at the National Museum of Nature 

and Science, Tokyo. 

Recently, several reports on fishes from Yaku- 

65

shima Island (e.g., Ichikawa et al., 1992; Kuniyasu, 

1999; Matsumoto, 2001) were published by 

local divers and nature guides. These were based 

on underwater investigations, including underwater 

observations, photographs and movies, and 

observation at local fish markets. Ichikawa et al. 

(1992) provided a list of 580 species from Yakushima 

and Kuchierabu-shima Islands (the latter is 

located off the northwest of Yaku-shima Island), 

including freshwater fishes and species reported 

by Arai and Ida (1975). Ichikawa et al. (1992) 

gave only Japanese and scientific names and 14 

underwater photographs but no information on 

observed fish sizes, localities, water depth, or 

specimens of species listed. Subsequently, Kuniyasu 

(1999) reported 333 species from Kurio on 

the southwest coast of Yaku-shima Island on the 

basis of underwater observation; he also did not 

collect any specimens. Matsumoto (2001–2005) 

published a series of underwater photographs of 

various Yaku-shima fish families, viz., Chaetodontidae 

(2001), Pomacanthidae (2002), Muraenidae 

(2004a), and Pomacentridae (2004b, 2005), but he 

also did not collect any specimens. 

Since Yaku-shima Island is very important 

and interesting zoogeographically (see below), we 

made three large-scale Yaku-shima Expeditions 

in 2008–2009 (8–13 August 2008, 28 October–4 

November 2008, and 25 July–1 August 2009) to 

elucidate the island’s ichthyofauna and to clarify 

the influence of the Kuroshio Current on the ichthyofauna 

of southern Japan. In the expeditions 

and several small-scale surveys during this study, 

4,386 specimens of 457 species of marine and 

estuarine fishes were collected, with 374 of the 

457 species representing the first records from the 

island based on collected specimens. 

This paper provides a list of 951 species of 

marine and estuarine fishes (382 genera, 112 families 

and 24 orders) occurring off Yaku-shima Island 

on the basis of published papers, underwater 

photographs, and collected specimens, along with 

color photographs where available. Previously 

reported specimens from Yaku-shima (Jordan and 

Starks, 1906; Arai and Ida, 1975) were re-identified 

during this study. The zoogeographical implications 

of the Yaku-shima Island ichthyofauna are 

discussed. 

66 

H. Motomura et al. 

Yaku-shima Island and Kuroshio Current 

Yaku-shima Island is located at 30°20′N, 

130°32′E, ca. 60 km off south–southwest of 

Osumi Peninsula, Kagoshima Prefecture, southern 

Kyushu, Japan. The island, roughly circular in 

shape and with an area of ca. 505 km² and several 

mountains more than 1,000 m in height (highest 

1,936 m), is the largest island in the Osumi Islands 

(and the ninth largest island in Japan). The 

Osumi Islands, including Tanega-shima, Yakushima, 

and Kuchierabu-jima Islands, are often 

treated as a part of the Ryukyu Islands, but the 

Ryukyu Islands are biogeographically defined as 

islands of Amami-oshima and southward. Yakushima 

Island, formed mostly of granite, has very 

limited flatlands and in its entirety appears as one 

large, steep mountain, with the mountain slope 

continuing under the sea. Thus, shallow waters, 

coral reefs and sandy beaches are very limited; 

most coastal areas are occupied by rocky reefs. 

Although such a monotonous environment in the 

coastal areas of an oceanic island generally results 

in a decrease in fish species diversity, Yaku-shima 

Island has a relatively higher diversity because 

the island faces a warm, strong water current, the 

Kuroshio Current, which brings tropical fishes 

from the south. 

The Kuroshio Current flows from off the east 

of the Philippines to the Pacific coast of southern 

Japan, via Taiwan and west of the Ryukyu Islands 

(Fig. 1). The northwardly flowing current off the 

west of the Ryukyu Islands turns to the east and 

flows through the Tokara Islands (located between 

Yaku-shima and Amami-oshima Islands) (Lee et 

al., 2001). The current then turns north again toward 

the Pacific coasts of the islands of Kyushu, 

Shikoku, and Honshu (the main island of Japan) 

(Kamachi et al., 2004). 

The Tokara Islands consist of 12 small islands 

in a row extending ca. 160 km north to south. 

There are two flow paths of the Kuroshio Current 

through the Tokara Islands (Chaen and Ichikawa, 

2001): the more southerly route takes the current 

across the island chain from west to east around 

Nakano-shima Island; and the other, more northerly, 

route flows along the southern coast of Yakushima 

Island. The current alternates between the 

two flow paths on a 30–50 days cycle. Changes in

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island 

Fig. 1. Map of the East China Sea (from Kyushu to Taiwan) with the major water currents. 

the flow path influence other minor water currents 

in the area, especially the Osumi Branch Current 

flowing between Yaku-shima Island and the 

southern tip of Osumi Peninsula. During a period 

when the Kuroshio Current flows around Yakushima 

Island, the Osumi Branch Current flows 

northeastward from Yaku-shima Island to Osumi 

Peninsula, but during a period when the Kuroshio 

Current takes its more southerly route, the direction 

of the Osumi Branch current is irregularly 

reversed to southwestward. So, the water currents 

around Yaku-shima Island are complex, with the 

flow rates and directions changing with seasons, 

water temperatures, and winds. These factors produce 

a unique ichthyofauna off the island. 

Materials and methods 

The systematic arrangement of families follows 

Nelson (2006). Scientific names generally 

followed Nakabo (2002) and Eschmeyer and 

Fricke (2009), with some modifications by recent 

published or unpublished taxonomic studies. Species 

in families are arranged in alphabetical order 

by species name. Standard Japanese names (abbreviated 

as Jpn name) generally follow Nakabo 

(2002), and are transliterated using the Hepburn 

system. Each species record was compiled from 

voucher specimens and literature sources related 

to marine and estuarine fishes, including freshwa- 

Fig. 2. Map of Yaku-shima Island. Names of places and 

rivers given in this map are used in text. 

67

ter fishes collected from estuaries. Each voucher 

specimen includes registration number, number of 

specimens registered if more than one, standard 

length [abbreviated as SL; sometimes total length 

(TL) or disc width (DW)], and locality on Yakushima 

Island (Fig. 2). The list of specimens is followed 

by literature cited. Most specimens used in 

previously published papers were re-identified in 

this study, and information on SL and locality of 

the re-examined specimens are provided. 

Specimens collected during the 2008–2009 

Yaku-shima Expeditions have been deposited 

at collections of Laboratory of Marine Biology, 

Faculty of Science, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan 

(BSKU), Fisheries Research Laboratory, Mie 

University, Shima, Japan (FRLM), Kagoshima 

University Museum, Kagoshima, Japan (KAUM), 

Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural History, 

Odawara, Japan (KPM), Division of Fisheries 

Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of 

Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan (MUFS), and National 

Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, Japan 

(NSMT). Other collections referred in this study 

are as follows: Biological Laboratory, Akasaka 

Imperial Palace, Imperial Household, Tokyo, 

Japan (BLIP), California Academy of Sciences, 

San Francisco, USA (CAS and SU), Kyushu 

University Museum, Fukuoka, Japan (KYUM), 

Osaka Museum of Natural History, Osaka, Japan 

(OMNH), Museum Support Center of the Smithsonian 

Institution National Museum of Natural 

History, Suitland, USA (USNM), and University 

Museum, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan 

(ZUMT). 

Checklist 

ORDER ORECTOLOBIFORMES 

FAMILY ORECTOLOBIDAE 

Orectolobus japonicus Regan, 1906 

[Jpn name: Ose] (Fig. 3) 

Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island. 

FAMILY HEMISCYLLIIDAE 

Chiloscyllium punctatum Müller and Henle, 1838 

[Jpn name: Inuzame] 


68 


Fig. 3. Orectolobus japonicus (off Isso, 8 m, 18 Jan. 2010, 

S. Harazaki). 

FAMILY RHINCODONTIDAE 

Rhincodon typus Smith, 1828 

[Jpn name: Jimbezame] 


ORDER LAMNIFORMES 

FAMILY ALOPIIDAE 

Alopias pelagicus Nakamura, 1935 

[Jpn name: Nitari] 


FAMILY CETORHINIDAE 

Cetorhinus maximus (Gunnerus, 1765) 

[Jpn name: Ubazame] 


FAMILY LAMNIDAE 

Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810 

[Jpn name: Aozame] 


ORDER CARCHARHINIFORMES 

FAMILY PROSCYLLIIDAE 

Galeocerdo cuvier (Péron and Lesueur, 1822) 

[Jpn name: Itachizame] 


Proscyllium venustum (Tanaka, 1912) 

[Jpn name: Hyozame] 

Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Triaenodon obesus (Rüppell, 1837) 

[Jpn name: Nemuribuka] 


FAMILY SPHYRNIDAE 

Sphyrna lewini (Griffith and Smith, 1834) 

[Jpn name: Akashumokuzame] 


ORDER MYLIOBATIFORMES 

FAMILY DASYATIDAE 

Dasyatis akajei (Müller and Henle, 1841) 

[Jpn name: Akaei] 


Dasyatis kuhlii (Müller and Henle, 1841) 

[Jpn name: Yakkoei] (Fig. 4) 

MUFS 25616, 719.5 mm DW, Kurio. 


Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. 

Fig. 4. Dasyatis kuhlii (MUFS 25616, 719.5 mm DW). 

FAMILY MYLIOBATIDAE 

Aetobatus narinari (Euphrasen, 1790) 

[Jpn name: Madaratobiei] 


ORDER ELOPIFORMES 

FAMILY ELOPIDAE 

Elops hawaiensis Regan, 1909 

[Jpn name: Karaiwashi] 



FAMILY MEGALOPIDAE 

Megalops cyprinoides (Broussonet, 1782) 

[Jpn name: Isegoi] (Fig. 5) 

KAUM–I. 24677, 120.8 mm SL, Ambo; 

KAUM–I. 24678, 61.4 mm SL, Ambo. 

Fig. 5. Megalops cyprinoides (KAUM–I. 24677, 120.8 mm 

SL, preserved specimen). 

FAMILY ALBULIDAE 

Albula forsteri Valenciennes, 1847 

[Jpn name: Sotoiwashi] (Fig. 6) 

Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island. Hidaka 

et al. (2004): Isso. 

Remarks: Hidaka et al. (2008) regarded Albula 

argenteus (Schneider, 1801) as a junior synonym 

of Albula forsteri. 

Fig. 6. Albula forsteri (off Isso; after Hidaka et al., 2004). 

ORDER ANGUILLIFORMES 

FAMILY ANGUILLIDAE 

Anguilla bicolor pacifica Schmidt, 1928 

[Jpn name: Nyuginiaunagi] (Fig. 7) 

Yamamoto et al. (2000): 19 specimens from 

Miyanoura—NSMT–PL 100, 46.5–51.5 mm TL; 

OMHN–P 11281, 48.4 mm TL; OMHN–P 11282, 

47.5 mm TL; OMHN–P 11283, 48.4 mm TL; 

OMHN–P 11284, 48.1 mm TL; OMHN–P 11285– 

11287, 49.9–50.3 mm TL; OMHN–P 11288, 51.0 

mm TL. Yamamoto et al. (2001): 19 specimens, 

same with Yamamoto et al. (2000). 

69

Fig. 7. Anguilla bicolor pacifica (OMHN–P 11288, 51.0 

mm TL). 

Anguilla japonica Temminck and Schlegel, 1846 

[Jpn name: Unagi] (Fig. 8) 

MUFS 25451, 121.6 mm SL, Kurio. 

Jordan and Starks (1906): USNM 53542, 2 

specimens, 247.1–256.5 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura 

River. Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima 

Island. Yamamoto et al. (2001): 1710 specimens, 

Miyanoura (uncataloged at Kyushu University 

Museum). 

Fig. 8. Anguilla japonica (MUFS 25451, 121.6 mm SL, 

preserved specimen). 

Anguilla marmorata Quoy and Gaimard, 1824 

[Jpn name: Ounagi] (Fig. 9) 

KYUM–PI–2541, 92.0 mm TL, mouth of Kurio 

River. 

Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island. Yamamoto 

et al. (2001): 340 specimens, Miyanoura 

(uncataloged at Kyushu University Museum). 

Fig. 9. Anguilla marmorata (KYUM–PI–2541, 92.0 mm 

TL, preserved specimen). 

FAMILY MURAENIDAE 

Echidna nebulosa (Ahl, 1789) 

[Jpn name: Kumoutsubo] (Fig. 10) 

FRLM 34742, 123.9 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM– 

I. 11345, 113.5 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11346, 

119.9 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11560, 111.6 mm 

SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 21731, 222.4 mm SL, Kurio. 


Matsumoto (2004a): Mugio. 

70 


Fig. 10. Echidna nebulosa (KAUM–I. 21731, 222.4 mm 

SL). 

Echidna polyzona (Richardson, 1845) 

[Jpn name: Shimaarashiutsubo] (Fig. 11) 


KPM–NI 22503, 129.5 mm TL, Yudomari. 

Fig. 11. Echidna polyzona (KAUM–I. 11559, 210.6 mm 

SL). 

Enchelycore schismatorhynchus (Bleeker, 1853) 

[Jpn name: Hidautsubo] (Fig. 12) 

KAUM–I. 20238, 366.3 mm SL, Kurio. 

Fig. 12. Enchelycore schismatorhynchus (KAUM–I. 

20238, 366.3 mm SL, preserved specimen). 

Gymnomuraena zebra (Shaw, 1797) 

[Jpn name: Zeburautsubo] 


Matsumoto (2004a): Yudomari.

Gymnothorax chilospilus Bleeker, 1864 

[Jpn name: Minamiutsubo] (Fig. 13) 

KAUM–I. 11299, 131.5 mm SL, Yudomari; 

NSMT–P 68026, 150.6 mm SL, Onoaida; NSMT– 

P 95398, 343.1 mm SL, Haruo. 

Fig. 13. Gymnothorax chilospilus (KAUM–I. 11299, 131.5 

mm SL). 

Gymnothorax chlorostigma (Kaup, 1856) 

[Jpn name: Hanabirautsubo] 

Matsumoto (2004a): Kurio. 

Remarks: Gymnothorax chlorostigma was 

synonymized with Gymnothorax meleagris by 

Böhlke and Randall (2000), but Hatooka (2002) 

regarded the former as a valid species. 

Gymnothorax enigmaticus McCosker and Randall, 1982 

[Jpn name: Shimautsubo] (Fig. 14) 


Fig. 14. Gymnothorax enigmaticus (KAUM–I. 11347, 

105.5 mm SL). 


Gymnothorax fimbriatus (Bennett, 1832) 

[Jpn name: Herigoishiutsubo] (Fig. 15) 


KAUM–I. 11216, 154.5 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM– 

I. 11554, 398.9 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 11555, 

402.1 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 11556, 424.2 

mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 11557, 320.9 mm SL, 

Ambo; KAUM–I. 11561, 150.5 mm SL, Ambo; 

KAUM–I. 11562, 178.2 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM– 


132.0 mm SL, Kurio; KPM–NI 22502, 222.8 mm 

TL, Yudomari; NSMT–P 95417, 782.7 mm SL, 

Kurio. 


Matsumoto (2004a): Isso. 

Fig. 15. Gymnothorax fimbriatus (KPM–NI 22502, 222.8 

mm TL). 

Gymnothorax flavimarginatus (Rüppell, 1830) 

[Jpn name: Gomautsubo] (Fig. 16) 




SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 20234, 56.3 mm SL, Kurio; 



105.4 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21806, 281.0 

mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 95416, 447.0 mm SL, 

Kurio. 


Matsumoto (2004a, as Gymnothorax lavimarginatus): 

Yudomari. 

Fig. 16. Gymnothorax flavimarginatus (KAUM–I. 20235, 

209.0 mm SL). 

71

Gymnothorax isingteena (Richardson, 1845) 

[Jpn name: Nisegoishiutsubo] (Fig. 17) 

Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Gymnothorax 

melanospilos): Yaku-shima Island. Matsumoto 

(2004a): Kurio. 

Remarks: Böhlke and McCosker (2001) 

regarded Gymnothorax melanospilos (Bleeker, 

1855) as a junior synonym of Gymnothorax isingteena, 

but Hatooka (2002) treated the former as a 

valid species. 

Fig. 17. Gymnothorax isingteena (off Isso, 10 m, 24 Dec. 

2009, S. Harazaki). 

Gymnothorax kidako (Temminck and Schlegel, 1847) 

[Jpn name: Utsubo] 


Matsumoto (2004a): Yudomari. 

Gymnothorax melanospilos (Bleeker, 1855) 

[Jpn name: Dokuutsubo] 

Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Gymnothorax javanicus): 

Yaku-shima Island. Kuniyasu (1999, 

as Gymnothorax javanicus): Kurio. Matsumoto 

(2004a): Kurio. 

Gymnothorax melatremus Schultz, 1953 

[Jpn name: Himeutsubo] 

Matsumoto (2004a): Nagata. 

72 


Gymnothorax meleagris (Shaw, 1795) 

[Jpn name: Wakautsubo] (Fig. 18) 




SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 11340, 457.9 mm SL, 

Kurio; KAUM–I. 11390, 457.9 mm SL, Kurio; 

KAUM–I. 11460, 179.3 mm SL, Isso; KAUM– 

I. 11461, 216.4 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 11462, 

341.6 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 11480, 294.1 mm 

SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 11558, 347.2 mm SL, Ambo; 




SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21800, 88.8 mm SL, Kurio; 


I. 22819, 75.7 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 68025, 

229.8 mm SL, Miyanoura; NSMT–P 95419, 370.0 


Kurio; NSMT–P 95421, 390.4 mm SL, Kurio; 

NSMT–P 95422, 2 specimens, 303.0–326.1 mm 

SL, Kurio. 


Matsumoto (2004a): Mugio. 

Fig. 18. Gymnothorax meleagris (KAUM–I. 11340, 457.9 

mm SL). 

Gymnothorax nudivomer (Günther, 1867) 

[Jpn name: Adeutsubo] 

Matsumoto (2004a): Isso.

Gymnothorax pictus (Ahl, 1789) 

[Jpn name: Aseutsubo] (Fig. 19) 



I. 21801, 104.7 mm SL, Kurio. 

Fig. 19. Gymnothorax pictus (KAUM–I. 21801, 104.7 mm 

SL). 

Gymnothorax thyrsoideus (Richardson, 1845) 

[Jpn name: Sabiutsubo] (Fig. 20) 



Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2004a): 

Isso. 

Fig. 20. Gymnothorax thyrsoideus (KAUM–I. 21732, 

258.4 mm SL). 

Gymnothorax undulatus (Lacepède, 1803) 

[Jpn name: Namiutsubo] 


Gymnothorax zonipectis Seale, 1906 

[Jpn name: Hireobiutsubo] 


Muraena pardalis (Temminck and Schlegel, 1846) 

[Jpn name: Torautsubo] (Fig. 21) 

KAUM–I. 11298, 74.9 mm SL, Yudomari. 


Matsumoto (2004a): Hirauchi. 

Rhinomuraena quaesita Garman, 1888 

[Jpn name: Hanahigeutsubo] (Fig. 22) 


Scuticaria tigrina (Lesson, 1828) 

[Jpn name: Moyokikaiutsubo] 



Fig. 21. Muraena pardalis (KAUM–I. 11298, 74.9 mm 

SL). 

Fig. 22. Rhinomuraena quaesita (upper: off Isso, 18 m, 2 

Mar. 2005, S. Harazaki; lower: off Isso, 12 m, 3 Mar. 


Uropterygius macrocephalus (Bleeker, 1865) 

[Jpn name: Hoshikikaiutsubo] (Fig. 23) 


73

Fig. 23. Uropterygius macrocephalus (KAUM–I. 11402, 

63.4 mm SL). 

Uropterygius micropterus (Bleeker, 1852) 

[Jpn name: Amikikaiutsubo] (Fig. 24) 

NSMT–P 77568, 294.6 mm TL, Kurio. 

Fig. 24. Uropterygius micropterus (NSMT–P 77568, 294.6 

mm TL). 

FAMILY OPHICHTHIDAE 

Leiuranus semicinctus (Lay and Bennett, 1839) 

[Jpn name: Soraumihebi] (Fig. 25) 


Myrichthys colubrinus (Boddaert, 1781) 

[Jpn name: Shimaumihebi] 


74 


Fig. 25. Leiuranus semicinctus (KAUM–I. 11600, 213.0 

mm SL). 

Myrichthys maculosus (Cuvier, 1816) 

[Jpn name: Goishiumihebi] 

Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Myrichthys aki): 

Yaku-shima Island. 

Remarks: Myrichthys aki Tanaka 1917 is a 

junior synonym of Myrichthys maculosus. 

Pisodonophis cancrivorus (Richardson, 1848) 

[Jpn name: Minamihotateumihebi] 


FAMILY CONGRIDAE 

Conger japonicus Bleeker, 1879 

[Jpn name: Kuroanago] (Fig. 26) 



Fig. 26. Conger japonicus (KAUM–I. 20110, 277.5 mm 

SL). 

Heteroconger hassi (Klausewitz and Eibl-Eibesfeldt, 1959) 

[Jpn name: Chin-anago] (Fig. 27) 

ORDER CLUPEIFORMES 

FAMILY CLUPEIDAE 

Sardinops melanostictus (Temminck and Schlegel, 1846) 

[Jpn name: Maiwashi] 


Fig. 27. Heteroconger hassi (off Isso, 16 m, 19 Jan. 2010, S. 

Harazaki). 

Spratelloides gracilis (Temminck and Schlegel, 1846) 

[Jpn name: Kibinago] 


Kuniyasu (1999, as Spratelloides sp.): Kurio. 

MOSC (2002): Isso, Ambo and Kurio. 

FAMILY CHANIDAE 

Chanos chanos (Forsskål, 1775) 

[Jpn name: Sabahi] 

Senta and Hirai (1981): 65 specimens, less 

than 16 mm TL, Miyanoura. 

ORDER SILURIFORMES 

FAMILY PLOTOSIDAE 

Plotosus japonicus Yoshino and Kishimoto, 2008 

[Jpn name: Gonzui] (Fig. 28) 

KAUM–I. 11165, 68.4 mm SL, Kurio; 






KAUM–I. 11628, 115 mm SL, Yudomari; 


























KAUM–I. 21753, 58.9 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 

91358, 70 mm SL, Yudomari; NSMT–P 91359, 

65 specimens, 23–70 mm SL, Yudomari; NSMT– 

P 91379, 30 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91499, 

32 specimens, 31–134 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 

91501, 71 mm SL, Kurio. 

Arai and Ida (1975, as Plotosus anguillicaudatus): 

Kusugawa (one specimen was reported, 

but not found at NSMT). Ichikawa et al. (1992, as 

Plotosus lineatus): Yaku-shima Island. Kuniyasu 

(1999, as Plotosus lineatus): Kurio. 

Fig. 28. Plotosus japonicus (KAUM–I. 11625, 60.6 mm 

SL). 

75

ORDER OSMERIFORMES 

FAMILY OSMERIDAE 

Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis Temminck and Schlegel, 1846 

[Jpn name: Ayu] 


Yonezawa (2003b): Isso, Miyanoura, Ambo and 

Kurio Rivers. 

ORDER AULOPIFORMES 

Family SYNODONTIDAE 

Saurida gracilis (Quoy and Gaimard, 1824) 

[Jpn name: Madaraeso] (Fig. 29) 

FRLM 34708, 167.3 mm SL, Yudomari. 



Fig. 29. Saurida gracilis (FRLM 34708, 167.3 mm SL). 

Synodus dermatogenys Fowler, 1912 

[Jpn name: Minamiakaeso] (Fig. 30) 



Kuniyasu (1999, as Synodus variegatus): Kurio. 

Fig. 30. Synodus dermatogenys (KAUM–I. 11301, 135.5 

mm SL). 

Synodus fuscus Tanaka, 1917 

[Jpn name: Sunaeso] (Fig. 31) 

BSKU 96635, 104.3 mm SL, Isso. 

Fig. 31. Synodus fuscus (BSKU 96635, 104.3 mm SL). 

76 


Synodus jaculum Russell and Cressey, 1979 

[Jpn name: Oguroeso] 


Synodus ulae Schultz, 1953 

[Jpn name: Akaeso] (Fig. 32) 

KPM–NI 24258, 185.2 mm SL, Yoshida; NS- 

MT–P 58106, 139.5 mm SL, Kusugawa; NSMT– 

P 96391, 165.7 mm SL, mouth of Tainoko River. 


Fig. 32. Synodus ulae (KPM–NI 24258, 185.2 mm SL). 

Synodus variegatus (Lacepède, 1803) 

[Jpn name: Hitosujieso] 

Kuniyasu (1999, as Synodus englemani): Kurio. 

Remarks: Kuniyasu’s (1999) identification is 

uncertain. 

Trachinocephalus myops (Forster, 1801) 

[Jpn name: Okieso] 


ORDER LAMPRIFORMES 

FAMILY LAMPRIDAE 

Lampris guttatus (Brünnich, 1788) 

[Jpn name: Akamambo] (Fig. 33) 

KAUM–I. 24997, ca. 1000 mm SL, off Isso 

(preserved caudal fin only). 

Remarks: This specimen was collected by 

hand on 29 May 2007 from water surface off Isso 

(30°46′N, 130°47′E) where the fish drifted in a 

state of suspended animation.

Fig. 33. Lampris guttatus (KAUM–I. 24997, preserved 

caudal fin only). 

ORDER GADIFORMES 

FAMILY MACROURIDAE 

Hymenocephalus lethonemus Jordan and Gilbert, 1904 

[Jpn name: Itodara] (Fig. 34) 

NSMT–P 94418, 5 specimens, 129.2–172.7 

mm (lacking posterior portion of caudal peduncle), 

off east of Yaku-shima Island. 

Fig. 34. Hymenocephalus lethonemus (NSMT–P 94418, 

129.2 mm, preserved specimen). 

Nezumia condylura Jordan and Gilbert, 1904 

[Jpn name: Nezumidara] (Fig. 35) 


mm (lacking posterior portion of caudal peduncle), 

off east of Yaku-shima Island. 

Fig. 35. Nezumia condylura (NSMT–P 94557, 149.0 mm, 



ORDER OPHIDIIFORMES 

FAMILY OPHIDIIDAE 

Brotula multibarbata Temminck and Schlegel, 1846 

[Jpn name: Itachiuo] 


FAMILY BYTHITIDAE 

Alionematichthys piger (Alcock, 1890) 

[New Jpn name: Hadakaryukyuitachiuo] (Fig. 36) 

Møller et al. (2008): KAUM–I. 11482, 58.6 

mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 11483, 52.1 mm SL, 

Isso. 

Remarks: Møller et al. (2008) redescribed 

Dinematichthys piger Alcock as a member of Alionematichthys, 

based on 2288 specimens, including 

several specimens from the Ryukyu Islands, 

two of which were collected from Yaku-shima 

Island. The Yaku-shima specimens represent the 

northernmost records of the species. A new standard 

Japanese name, Hadaka-ryukyu-itachiuo, is 

proposed here for the species because it can easily 

be distinguished from A. riukiuensis, a congener 

co-ocurring in Japan, by lacking scales above the 

opercular spine (vs. scales present in the latter). 

Fig. 36. Alionematichthys piger (KAUM–I. 11482, 58.6 

mm SL, preserved specimen). 

Alionematichthys riukiuensis (Aoyagi, 1954) 

[Jpn name: Ryukyuitachiuo] (Fig. 37) 

Møller et al. (2008): KAUM–I. 11459, 62.7 


Isso. 

Remarks: This species, previously classified 

in the genus Dinematichthys, was transferred to 

a new genus, Alionematichthys, by Møller et al. 

(2008). 

77

Fig. 37. Alionematichthys riukiuensis (KAUM–I. 11459, 

62.7 mm SL). 

Diancistrus fuscus (Fowler, 1946) 

[Jpn name: Sangoitachiuo] (Fig. 38) 


Remarks: This species has been regarded as 

a species of Brotulina (e.g., Nielsen et al., 1999; 

Nakabo, 2002), but Schwarzhans et al. (2005) 

considered it a species of Diancistrus. 

Fig. 38. Diancistrus fuscus (KAUM–I. 11279, 54.3 mm 

SL). 

ORDER LOPHIIFORMES 

Family ANTENNARIIDAE 

Antennarius commerson (Latreille, 1804) 

[Jpn name: Omonkaeruanko] (Fig. 39) 

Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Antennarius moluccensis): 


Antennarius maculatus (Desjardins, 1840) 

[Jpn name: Kumadorikaeruanko] (Fig. 40) 

Antennarius pictus (Shaw, 1794) 

[Jpn name: Irokaeruanko] (Fig. 41) 


Histrio histrio (Linnaeus, 1758) 

[Jpn name: Hanaokoze] (Fig. 42) 

KPM–NI 24779, 14.9 mm SL, Kurio. 


78 


Fig. 39. Antennarius commerson (off Isso, 25 m, 8 Apr. 


Fig. 40. Antennarius maculatus (off Isso, 5 m, 28 Apr. 


Fig. 41. Antennarius pictus (KAUM–I. 20230, 50.6 mm 

SL).

Fig. 42. Histrio histrio (upper: KPM–NI 24779, 14.9 mm 

SL; lower: off Isso, 1 m, 8 Apr. 2007, S. Harazaki). 

ORDER MUGILIFORMES 

FAMILY MUGILIDAE 

Chelon macrolepis (Smith, 1846) 

[Jpn name: Kobora] (Fig. 43) 



I. 11768, 24.0 mm SL, Nagakubo; KAUM–I. 

15587, 48.7 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island; KAUM– 

I. 24683, 41.9 mm SL, mouth of Kurio River; 

KAUM–I. 24684, 42.0 mm SL, mouth of Kurio 

River; KAUM–I. 24685, 41.4 mm SL, mouth of 

Kurio River; NSMT–P 91597, 62 mm SL, Nagakubo; 

NSMT–P 91598, 7 specimens, 33–76 

mm SL, Nagakubo; NSMT–P 91665, 97 mm SL, 

Kurio; NSMT–P 91666, 4 specimens, 61–101 mm 

SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91669, 108.5 mm SL, Kurio. 

Fig. 43. Chelon macrolepis (KAUM–I. 11157, 106.9 mm 



Crenimugil crenilabis (Forsskål, 1775) 

[Jpn name: Furaibora] (Fig. 44) 




40.3 mm SL, Yudomari; NSMT–P 91667, 79.3 

mm SL, Kurio. 

Arai and Ida (1975): NSMT–P 17814, 52.0 

mm SL, Kusugawa. Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yakushima 

Island. MOSC (2002): Isso, Ambo and Kurio. 

Fig. 44. Crenimugil crenilabis (NSMT–P 91667, 79.3 mm 

SL). 

Ellochelon vaigiensis (Quoy and Gaimard, 1825) 

[Jpn name: Onibora] 

Arai and Ida (1975, as Chelon vaigiensis): 

Kusugawa [two specimens (20–36 mm TL) were 

reported, but not found at NSMT]. 

Moolgarda engeli (Bleeker 1858-59) 

[Jpn name: Monnashibora] (Fig. 45) 


River; KAUM–I. 24737, 26.0 mm SL, mouth 

of Kurio River; KAUM–I. 24742, 22.0 mm SL, 

mouth of Kurio River. 

Fig. 45. Moolgarda engeli (KAUM–I. 24736, 25.3 mm SL, 


79

Moolgarda perusii (Valenciennes, 1836) 

[Jpn name: Nan-yobora] (Fig. 46) 




mouth of Kurio River; KAUM–I. 24741, 24.4 mm 

SL, mouth of Kurio River. 

Fig. 46. Moolgarda perusii (KAUM–I. 24741, 24.4 mm 


Moolgarda seheli (Forsskål, 1775) 

[Jpn name: Taiwammenada] (Fig. 47) 

KAUM–I. 11321, 54.1 mm SL, Nagakubo; 



27.4 mm SL, mouth of Kurio River. 

Fig. 47. Moolgarda seheli (KAUM–I. 11321, 54.1 mm 

SL). 

Mugil cephalus cephalus Linnaeus, 1758 

[Jpn name: Bora] (Fig. 48) 


KAUM–I. 15417, 136.4 mm SL, Yaku-shima 

Island; KAUM–I. 15418, 74.4 mm SL, Yakushima 

Island; KAUM–I. 15425, 137.0 mm SL, 

Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–I. 15428, 102.8 mm 

SL, Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–I. 20064, 131.9 

mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 24686, 79.2 mm 

SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 24687, 71.1mm SL, Ambo; 

KPM–NI 24659, 293.0 mm SL, mouth of Ambo 

River; NSMT–P 91597, 61.5 mm SL, Nagakubo; 

80 


NSMT–P 91598, 7 specimens, 31.5–75.0 mm SL, 

Nagakubo; NSMT–P 91665, 95.7 mm SL, Kurio; 


Kurio. 



Fig. 48. Mugil cephalus cephalus (KAUM–I. 20064, 131.9 

mm SL). 

ORDER ATHERINIFORMES 

FAMILY ATHERINIDAE 

Atherinomorus lacunosus (Forster, 1801) 

[Jpn name: Yakushimaiwashi] (Fig. 49) 

KPM–NI 23005, 127.8 mm SL, mouth of Nagata 

River. 

Jordan and Starks (1906), Kimura et al. (2007): 

SU 9354, holotype of Atherina morrisi Jordan and 

Starks, 1906, 102 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island. 

Fig. 49. Atherinomorus lacunosus (KPM–NI 23005, 127.8 

mm SL). 

Atherion elymus Jordan and Starks, 1901 

[Jpn name: Mugiiwashi] (Fig. 50) 

BSKU 96892, 29.3 mm SL, Kurio; FRLM 

34645, 30.2 mm SL, Kurio; FRLM 34646, 30.4 

mm SL, Kurio; FRLM 34647, 34.5 mm SL, Kurio; 

FRLM 34648, 33.9 mm SL, Kurio; FRLM 

34649, 31.0 mm SL, Kurio; FRLM 34650, 49 

specimens, 20.2–31.9 mm SL, Kurio; FRLM 

34671, 23.3 mm SL, Kurio; FRLM 34720, 34.2

mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11403, 35.2 mm SL, 

Kurio Beach; KAUM–I. 11405, 29.4 mm SL, Kurio 

Beach; KAUM–I. 11406, 27.9 mm SL, Kurio 

Beach; KAUM–I. 11412, 24.2 mm SL, Kurio 

Beach; KAUM–I. 11414, 29.8 mm SL, Kurio; 




SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 20337, 29.7 mm SL, Isso; 

KAUM–I. 20338, 28.7 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 

21830, 28.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23549, 

28.6 mm SL, Kurio. 

Fig. 50. Atherion elymus (KAUM–I. 20250, 25.7 mm SL). 

Hypoatherina valenciennei (Bleeker, 1853) 

[Jpn name: Togoroiwashi] 


ORDER BELONIFORMES 

FAMILY EXOCOETIDAE 

Cheilopogon agoo (Temminck and Schlegel, 1846) 

[Jpn name: Tobiuo] (Fig. 51) 

Jordan and Starks (1906): USNM 53535, 

259.7 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island. Ichikawa et al. 

(1992): Yaku-shima Island. 

Fig. 51. Cheilopogon agoo (USNM 53535, 259.7 mm SL, 


Cheilopogon cyanopterus (Valenciennes, 1847) 

[Jpn name: Karasutobiuo] (Fig. 52) 

NSMT–P 95149, 264.1 mm SL, Yaku-shima 

Island. 



Fig. 52. Cheilopogon cyanopterus (NSMT–P 95149, 264.1 

mm SL). 

Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus japonicus (Franz, 1910) 

[Jpn name: Hamatobiuo] (Fig. 53) 




Fig. 53. Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus japonicus (NSMT–P 


Cheilopogon furcatus furcatus (Mitchill, 1815) 

[Jpn name: Omenatsutobi] (Fig. 54) 


Island; NSMT–P 95151, 288.2 mm SL, Yakushima 


Remarks: This species has been regarded as 

Cypselurus antoncichi Woods and Schultz, 1953 

by numerous authors, but Parin (2009) recently 

synonymized it with C. furcatus. 

Fig. 54. Cheilopogon furcatus furcatus (NSMT–P 95150, 

278.6 mm SL). 

81

Cypselurus furcatus fisunovi (Parin and Belyanina, 1998) 

[Jpn name: Shirofuchitobiuo] 



Cypselurus heterurus doederleini (Steindachner, 1887) 

[Jpn name: Tsukushitobiuo] 


Cypselurus poecilopterus (Valenciennes, 1847) 

[Jpn name: Ayatobiuo] (Fig. 55) 

KAUM–I. 21944, 162.7 mm SL, Yaku–shima 


Island; NSMT–P 95153, 2 specimens, 

165.5–171.9 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island. 


Fig. 55. Cypselurus poecilopterus (KAUM–I. 21944, 162.7 

mm SL). 

Exocoetus monocirrhus Richardson, 1846 

[Jpn name: Hagoromotobiuo] 


Hirundichthys speculiger (Valenciennes, 1847) 

[Jpn name: Ninojitobiuo] (Fig. 56) 

KAUM–I. 15868, 46.0 mm SL, off northwest 

of Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–I. 15895, 62.8 mm 

SL, off northwest of Yaku-shima Island; KAUM– 

I. 15921 83.7 mm SL, off northwest of Yakushima 


Fig. 56. Hirundichthys speculiger (KAUM–I. 15895, 62.8 


82 


Parexocoetus brachypterus brachypterus (Richardson, 1846) 

[Jpn name: Tsumaritobiuo] 


FAMILY HEMIRAMPHIDAE 

Euleptorhamphus viridis (van Hasselt, 1823) 

[Jpn name: Tozayori] 


Hemiramphus lutkei Valenciennes, 1847 

[Jpn name: Nan-yosayori] 


Oxyporhamphus micropterus micropterus (Valenciennes, 1847) 

[Jpn name: Sayoritobiuo] 


FAMILY BELONIDAE 

Ablennes hians (Valenciennes, 1846) 

[Jpn name: Hamadatsu] 


Platybelone argalus platyura (Bennett,1832) 

[Jpn name: Himedatsu] 


Tylosurus acus melanotus (Bleeker, 1850) 

[Jpn name: Tenjikudatsu] (Fig. 57) 


KPM–NI 24669, 714.8 mm SL, Onoaida. 


Fig. 57. Tylosurus acus melanotus (KPM–NI 24669, 714.8 

mm SL). 

Tylosurus crocodilus crocodilus (Péron and Lesueur, 1821) 

[Jpn name: Okizayori] (Fig. 58) 


KAUM–I. 25228, 482.2 mm SL, Onoaida; KPM– 

NI 24664, 419.0 mm SL, mouth of Nagata River; 

KPM–NI 24668, 746.6 mm SL, Onoaida; KPM– 

NI 24670, 613.6 mm SL, Onoaida; NSMT–P 

96079, 412.7 mm SL, Ambo. 


Fig. 58. Tylosurus crocodilus crocodilus (KPM–NI 24664, 

419.0 mm SL). 

FAMILY SCOMBERESOCIDAE 

Cololabis saira (Brevoort 1856) 

[Jpn name: Samma] 


ORDER BERYCIFORMES 

FAMILY MONOCENTRIDAE 

Monocentris japonica (Houttuyn, 1782) 

[Jpn name: Matsukasauo] 


FAMILY HOLOCENTRIDAE 

Myripristis berndti Jordan and Evermann, 1903 

[Jpn name: Akamatsukasa] 



Myripristis botche Cuvier, 1829 

[Jpn name: Urokomatsukasa] 


Myripristis kuntee Valenciennes, 1831 

[Jpn name: Kuroobimatsukasa] 


Myripristis murdjan (Forsskål, 1775) 

[Jpn name: Yogorematsukasa] (Fig. 59) 

KAUM–I. 11463, 108.0 mm SL, Isso. 

Fig. 59. Myripristis murdjan (KAUM–I. 11463, 108.0 mm 

SL). 


Myripristis violacea Bleeker, 1851 

[Jpn name: Seguromatsukasa] (Fig. 60) 

Fig. 60. Myripristis violacea (off Isso, 6 m, 29 Dec. 2008, S. 

Harazaki). 

Ostichthys japonicus (Cuvier, 1829) 

[Jpn name: Ebisudai] (Fig. 61) 



Fig. 61. Ostichthys japonicus (KAUM–I. 7411, 308.4 mm 

SL). 

Sargocentron caudimaculatum (Rüppell, 1838) 

[Jpn name: Kurakakeebisu] 



Sargocentron diadema (Lacepède, 1802) 

[Jpn name: Nijiebisu] (Fig. 62) 

BSKU 96594, 112.7 mm SL, Yudomari. 



83

Fig. 62. Sargocentron diadema (BSKU 96594, 112.7 mm 


Sargocentron ittodai (Jordan and Fowler, 1902) 

[Jpn name: Teriebisu] (Fig. 63) 


I. 11271, 148.7 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 


113.2 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20323, 132.2 


Onoaida; KPM–NI 24941, 139.7 mm SL, Onoaida; 

NSMT–P 95400, 149.5 mm SL, Miyanoura; 


SL, Kurio. 



Fig. 63. Sargocentron ittodai (KAUM–I. 20021, 113.2 mm 

SL). 

Sargocentron melanospilos (Bleeker, 1858) 

[Jpn name: Sumitsukikanoko] (Fig. 64) 

NSMT–P 77634, 202.0 mm SL, Nanase. 



84 


Fig. 64. Sargocentron melanospilos (NSMT–P 77634, 

202.0 mm SL). 

Sargocentron praslin (Lacepède, 1802) 

[Jpn name: Kuroobiebisu] (Fig. 65) 


NSMT–P 95414, 187.1 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 

95437, 115.8 mm SL, Haruo. 

Arai and Ida (1975, as Holocentrus ruber): 

NSMT–P 58120, 76.2 mm SL, Kusugawa; NS- 

MT–P 58136, 77.0 mm SL, Kusugawa. 

Fig. 65. Sargocentron praslin (upper: KAUM–I. 11531, 

44.5 mm SL; lower: NSMT–P 95414, 187.1 mm SL).

Sargocentron punctatissimum (Cuvier, 1829) 

[Jpn name: Hoshiebisu] (Fig. 66) 



11341, 129.5 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25545, 130.4 

mm SL, Yudomari; NSMT–P 91502, 126 mm SL, 

Kurio; NSMT–P 91503, 2 specimens, 115–117 

mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 95412, 2 specimens, 

101.8–126.2 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 95456, 

45.4 mm SL, Haruo. 

Fig. 66. Sargocentron punctatissimum (KAUM–I. 11255, 

131.0 mm SL). 

Sargocentron spiniferum (Forsskål, 1775) 

[Jpn name: Togariebisu] (Fig. 67) 

FRLM 34721, 297.0 mm SL, Kurio. 



Fig. 67. Sargocentron spiniferum (FRLM 34721, 297.0 mm 

SL). 

ORDER ZEIFORMES 

FAMILY PARAZENIDAE 

Parazen pacificus Kamohara, 1935 

[Jpn name: Benimatodai] (Fig. 68) 

USNM 118007, 128.4 mm SL, Yaku-shima 



Fig. 68. Parazen pacificus (USNM 118007, 128.4 mm SL, 


ORDER GASTEROSTEIFORMES 

FAMILY SOLENOSTOMIDAE 

Solenostomus cyanopterus Bleeker, 1854 

[Jpn name: Kamisoriuo] (Fig. 69) 

Fig. 69. Solenostomus cyanopterus (off Isso, 15 m, 17 June 


Solenostomus paradoxus (Pallas, 1770) 

[Jpn name: Nishikifuraiuo] (Fig. 70) 

Fig. 70. Solenostomus paradoxus (off Isso, 6 m, 29 Dec. 


85

FAMILY SYNGNATHIDAE 

Corythoichthys amplexus Dawson and Randall, 1975 

[Jpn name: Obiishiyoji] 


Corythoichthys haematopterus (Bleeker, 1851) 

[Jpn name: Ishiyoji] (Fig. 71) 

KAUM–I. 20342, 97.2 mm SL, Isso; KPM– 

NI 22572, 103.1 mm SL, Isso. 

Fig. 71. Corythoichthys haematopterus (KAUM–I. 20342, 

97.2 mm SL). 

Corythoichthys schultzi Herald, 1953 

[Jpn name: Kuchinagaishiyoji] 


Choeroichthys sculptus (Günther, 1870) 

[Jpn name: Chigoyoji] (Fig. 72) 

KAUM–I. 21772, 57.2 mm SL, Kurio; KPM– 

NI 24903, 67.0 mm SL, Kurio; KPM–NI 24904, 


Fig. 72. Choeroichthys sculptus (KAUM–I. 21772, 57.2 

mm SL). 

Doryrhamphus excisus excisus Kaup, 1856 

[Jpn name: Hibashiyoji] (Fig. 73) 


KAUM–I. 11533, 48.6 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 

21831, 51.7 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 95453, 52.1 

mm SL, Haruo. 

Arai and Ida (1975, as Doryrhamphus melanopleura): 

Kusugawa (one specimen was reported, 

but not found at NSMT). 

86 


Fig. 73. Doryrhamphus excisus excisus (KAUM–I. 11324, 

56.8 mm SL). 

Doryrhamphus japonicus Araga and Yoshino, 1975 

[Jpn name: Nokogiriyoji] (Fig. 74) 






Fig. 74. Doryrhamphus japonicus (KAUM–I. 11323, 65.0 

mm SL). 

Dunckerocampus dactyliophorus (Bleeker, 1853) 

[Jpn name: Oiran-yoji] (Fig. 75) 


Fig. 75. Dunckerocampus dactyliophorus (BSKU 96541, 

134.5 mm SL). 

Hippocampus bargibanti Whitley 1970 

[Jpn name: None] (Fig. 76) 

Remarks: This species has been recorded 

along the Pacific coast of Japan, and the Izu, Ogasawara, 

and Ryukyu Islands (Senou et al., 2002, 

2006a). No specimens have been collected from 

Yaku-shima Island, although this species is relatively 

common in the island in depths of 25–30 m. 

Hippocampus histrix Kaup, 1856 

[Jpn name: Ibaratatsu] 


Hippocampus kelloggi Jordan and Snyder, 1901 

[Jpn name: Oumiuma] (Fig. 77) 

KAUM–I. 21741, 208.7 mm, mouth of Ambo 

River.

Fig. 76. Hippocampus bargibanti (off Isso, 25 m, 17 June 


Hippocampus kuda Bleeker, 1852 

[Jpn name: Kuroumiuma] (Fig. 77) 

BSKU 96574, 214.1 mm, Yudomari; KPM–NI 

22507, 164.3 mm, Yudomari. 

Fig. 77. Left: Hippocampus kelloggi (KAUM–I. 21741, 

208.7 mm); right: H. kuda (KPM–NI 22507, 164.3 

mm). 


Hippichthys spicifer (Rüppell, 1838) 

[Jpn name: Kawayoji] (Fig. 78) 

KAUM–I. 21593, 107.0 mm SL, mouth of 

Ambo River; KAUM–I. 21594, 107.7 mm SL, 

mouth of Ambo River; NSMT–P 77932, 90.8 mm 

SL, mouth of Ambo River. 

Fig. 78. Hippichthys spicifer (KAUM–I. 21594, 107.7 mm 

SL). 

Micrognathus andersonii (Bleeker, 1858) 

[Jpn name: Kammuriyoji] (Fig. 79) 





SL, Isso. 

Arai and Ida (1975, as Micrognathus brevirostris): 

NSMT–P 17833, 46.5 mm SL, Kusugawa. 

Fig. 79. Micrognathus andersonii (upper: KAUM–I. 

21774, 46.6 mm SL; lower: KAUM–I. 21773, 66.1 

mm SL). 

Microphis brachyurus brachyurus (Bleeker, 1853) 

[Jpn name: Tenguyoji] (Fig. 80) 



24682, 101.1 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 25198, 

129.1 mm SL, mouth of Nagata River; KAUM–I. 

25199, 101.0 mm SL, mouth of Nagata River. 

Phoxocampus belcheri (Kaup, 1856) 

[Jpn name: Boyoji] (Fig. 81) 



87

Fig. 80. Microphis brachyurus brachyurus (KAUM–I. 

21763, 120.3 mm SL). 

Fig. 81. Phoxocampus belcheri (KPM–NI 24796, 28.7 mm 

SL). 

Phoxocampus diacanthus (Schultz, 1943) 

[Jpn name: Hachijoboyoji] (Fig. 82) 

KPM–NI 22574, 55.4 mm SL, Isso. 

Fig. 82. Phoxocampus diacanthus (KPM–NI 22574, 55.4 

mm SL). 

FAMILY AULOSTOMIDAE 

Aulostomus chinensis (Linnaeus, 1766) 

[Jpn name: Herayagara] 



FAMILY FISTULARIIDAE 

Fistularia commersonii Rüppell, 1838 

[Jpn name: Aoyagara] (Fig. 83) 





20148, 537.9 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 



179 mm SL, Yudomari. 


Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. MOSC (2002): Isso. 

88 


Fig. 83. Fistularia commersonii (KAUM–I. 11203, 388.4 

mm SL). 

FAMILY CENTRISCIDAE 

Aeoliscus strigatus (Günther, 1861) 

[Jpn name: Hekoayu] (Fig. 84) 



Fig. 84. Aeoliscus strigatus (KAUM–I. 20090, 97.4 mm 

SL). 

ORDER SCORPAENIFORMES 

FAMILY DACTYLOPTERIDAE 

Dactyloptena orientalis (Cuvier, 1829) 

[Jpn name: Semihobo] 


FAMILY APISTIDAE 

Apistus carinatus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) 

[Jpn name: Hachi] 

SU 25235, 94.2 mm SL, off southeast of 


FAMILY SCORPAENIDAE 

Dendrochirus brachypterus (Cuvier, 1829) 

[Jpn name: Shimahimeyamanokami] (Fig. 85) 


Fig. 85. Dendrochirus brachypterus (KAUM–I. 20160, 

24.8 mm SL).

Dendrochirus zebra (Cuvier, 1829) 

[Jpn name: Kirimmino] (Fig. 86) 





Fig. 86. Dendrochirus zebra (KAUM–I. 20107, 88.6 mm 

SL). 

Parascorpaena aurita (Rüppell, 1838) 

[Jpn name: Chiburunettaifusakasago] (Fig. 87) 



Motomura et al. (2009): BSKU 96650, 116.1 

mm SL, Isso. 

Remarks: This species was first recorded from 

East Aisa by Motomura et al. (2009) on the basis 

of 56 specimens. One of these, BSKU 96650, represents 

the northernmost record of the species. 

Fig. 87. Parascorpaena aurita (KAUM–I. 20102, 56.6 mm 

SL). 


Parascorpaena mossambica (Peters, 1855) 

[Jpn name: Nettaifusakasago] (Fig. 88) 





SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11455, 56.9 mm SL, Isso; 





KAUM–I. 21707, 18.5 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 

21709, 17.4 mm SL, Kurio. 

Arai and Ida (1975, as Scorpaena zanzibarensis): 

Kusugawa [one specimen (129 mm TL) was 

reported, but not found at NSMT]. 

Fig. 88. Parascorpaena mossambica (KAUM–I. 11376, 

37.7 mm SL). 

Pterois antennata (Bloch, 1787) 

[Jpn name: Nettaiminokasago] 



Pterois lunulata Temminck and Schlegel, 1843 

[Jpn name: Minokasago] 


Pterois radiata Cuvier, 1829 

[Jpn name: Kimiokoze] (Fig. 89) 




mm SL, Haruo. 



89

Fig. 89. Pterois radiata (KAUM–I. 11513, 72.5 mm SL). 

Pterois volitans (Linnaeus, 1758) 

[Jpn name: Hanaminokasago] (Fig. 90) 



Fig. 90. Pterois volitans (off Isso, 12 m, 16 May 2008, S. 

Harazaki). 

Scorpaenodes guamensis (Quoy and Gaimard, 1824) 

[Jpn name: Guamukasago] (Fig. 91) 



95433, 37.3 mm SL, Haruo. 

Arai and Ida (1975): NSMT–P 17830, 2 specimens, 

20.8–38.7 mm SL, Kusugawa. 

Scorpaenodes littoralis (Tanaka, 1917) 

[Jpn name: Isokasago] (Fig. 92) 


90 


Fig. 91. Scorpaenodes guamensis (KAUM–I. 21702, 43.2 

mm SL). 

Fig. 92. Scorpaenodes littoralis (KPM–NI 22547, 22.4 mm 

SL). 

Scorpaenodes parvipinnis (Garrett, 1864) 

[Jpn name: Himesangokasago] (Fig. 93) 


Fig. 93. Scorpaenodes parvipinnis (KAUM–I. 20324, 58.8 

mm SL). 

Scorpaenodes scaber (Ramsay and Ogilby, 1886) 

[Jpn name: Sangokasago] (Fig. 94) 



20093, 33.0 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20094, 





KAUM–I. 21705, 22.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–



SL, Kurio; KPM–NI 22536, 12.3 mm SL, Yudomari. 

Fig. 94. Scorpaenodes scaber (upper: KPM–NI 22536, 

12.3 mm SL; lower: KAUM–I. 11583, 63.7 mm SL). 

Scorpaenodes quadrispinosus Greenfield and Matsuura, 2002 

[Jpn name: Atsuhimesangokasago] (Fig. 95) 

Motomura et al. (2010): KAUM–I. 11469, 

75.5 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 11475, 80.9 mm SL, 

Isso. 

Remarks: This species was reported as the 

first records from Japan by Motomura et al. (2010) 

on the basis of specimens from Amami-oshima 

and Yaku-shima Islands. 

Fig. 95. Scorpaenodes quadrispinosus (KAUM–I. 11475, 

80.9 mm SL). 


Scorpaenopsis cirrosa (Thunberg, 1793) 

[Jpn name: Onikasago] 



Remarks: Ichikawa et al.’s (1992) and Kuniyasu’s 

(1999) S. cirrosa are most likely to be S. 

ramaraoi. 

Scorpaenopsis diabolus (Cuvier, 1829) 

[Jpn name: Niraikasago] (Fig. 96) 





Fig. 96. Scorpaenopsis diabolus (KAUM–I. 21676, 146.8 

mm SL). 

Scorpaenopsis neglecta Heckel, 1837 

[Jpn name: Satsumakasago] (Fig. 97) 


KAUM–I. 22817, 20.0 mm SL, Kurio; KPM–NI 

22516, 17.4 mm SL, Yudomari. 

Arai and Ida (1975, as Scorpaenopsis gibbosa): 

Kusugawa [one specimen (57 mm TL) was 

reported, but not found at NSMT]. Ichikawa et al. 


Fig. 97. Scorpaenopsis neglecta (KAUM–I. 11377, 32.4 

mm SL). 

91

Scorpaenopsis ramaraoi Randall and Eschmeyer, 2002 

[Jpn name: Inukasago] (Fig. 98) 


KAUM–I. 25232, 163.5 mm SL, Ambo; KPM–NI 


Fig. 98. Scorpaenopsis ramaraoi (KAUM–I. 25232, 163.5 

mm SL). 

Sebastapistes cyanostigma (Bleeker, 1856) 

[Jpn name: Kasurifusakasago] (Fig. 99) 

KAUM–I. 11456, 40.1 mm SL, Isso; NSMT– 

P 95431, 47.1 mm SL, Haruo; NSMT–P 95432, 3 

specimens, 36.2–43.2 mm SL, Haruo. 

Fig. 99. Sebastapistes cyanostigma (KAUM–I. 11456, 40.1 

mm SL). 

Sebastapistes fowleri (Pietschmann, 1934) 

[Jpn name: Puchifusakasago] (Fig. 100) 

Motomura and Senou (2009): BLIP 36670069, 

21.1 mm SL, Isso; BLIP 36670070, 29.4 mm SL, 

Isso. 

Remarks: Motomura and Senou (2009) reported 

this species as the first records from East Aisa 

(Taiwan and Japan) on the basis of 20 specimens, 

including two Yaku-shima Island specimens. 

92 


Fig. 100. Sebastapistes fowleri (BLIP 36670070, 29.4 mm 

SL; M. Aizawa). 

Sebastapistes strongia (Cuvier, 1829) 

[Jpn name: Madarafusakasago] (Fig. 101) 

BSKU 96563, 53.8 mm SL, Yudomari; BSKU 

96570, 13.7 mm SL, Yudomari; BSKU 96571, 




Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20190, 52.3 mm SL, 

Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20191, 37.7 mm SL, Yudomari; 




22517, 19.7 mm SL, Yudomari; KPM–NI 22518, 

18.8 mm SL, Yudomari; KPM–NI 22586, 8.7 mm 

SL, Isso. 

Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Scorpaena bynoensis): 


Fig. 101. Sebastapistes strongia (KAUM–I. 20096, 52.3 

mm SL). 

Taenianotus triacanthus Lacepède, 1802 

[Jpn name: Hadakahaokoze] (Fig. 102)

Fig. 102. Taenianotus triacanthus (off Isso, 20 m, 19 Jan. 


FAMILY SEBASTIDAE 

Sebastiscus albofasciatus (Lacepède, 1802) 

[Jpn name: Ayamekasago] (Fig. 103) 

KAUM–I. 20852, 211.5 mm SL, off Yakushima 


Fig. 103. Sebastiscus albofasciatus (KAUM–I. 20852, 

211.5 mm SL). 

FAMILY TETRAROGIDAE 

Ablabys taenianotus (Cuvier, 1829) 

[Jpn name: Tsumajirookoze] (Fig. 104) 


NI 22557, 17.6 mm SL, Kurio. 

FAMILY SYNANCEIIDAE 

Inimicus japonicus (Cuvier, 1829) 

[Jpn name: Oniokoze] 



Fig. 104. Ablabys taenianotus (KAUM–I. 23010, 70.1 mm 

SL). 

Minous quincarinatus (Fowler, 1943) 

[Jpn name: Itookoze] (Fig. 105) 

USNM 117906, 73.4 mm SL, off northeast of 


Fowler (1943): USNM 99515, holotype of 

Paraminous quincarinatus, 74.7 mm SL, off 

northeast of Yaku-shima Island. 

Fig. 105. Minous quincarinatus (USNM 117906, 73.4 mm 


Synanceia verrucosa Bloch and Schneider, 1801 

[Jpn name: Onidarumaokoze] (Fig. 106) 



Fig. 106. Synanceia verrucosa (KAUM–I. 21682, 23.3 mm 

SL). 

93

FAMILY TRIGLIDAE 

Chelidonichthys spinosus (McClelland, 1844) 

[Jpn name: Hobo] 


FAMILY PLATYCEPHALIDAE 

Inegocia sp. 

[Jpn name: Wanigochi] 

Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Inegocia guttata): 


Remarks: Imamura and Yoshino (2009) regarded 

that specimens previously identified as I. 

guttata from the East and South China Seas are an 

undescribed species. 

ORDER PERCIFORMES 

FAMILY AMBASSIDAE 

Ambassis miops Günther, 1872 

[Jpn name: Sesujitakasagoishimochi] (Fig. 107) 

KAUM–I. 11502, 18.9 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura 

River; KAUM–I. 11509, 19.6 mm SL, 

mouth of Miyanoura River; KAUM–I. 11510, 

17.2 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura River; KAUM– 



SL, mouth of Kurio River; KAUM–I. 24689, 44.3 

mm SL, Ambo. 

Yonezawa (2003c): Yaku-shima Island. 

Fig. 107. Ambassis miops (KAUM–I. 21737, 17.0 mm SL). 

Ambassis urotaenia Bleeker, 1852 

[Jpn name: Takasagoishimochi] (Fig. 108) 





94 



mm SL, mouth of Kurio River; KAUM–I. 24695, 


Fig. 108. Ambassis urotaenia (KAUM–I. 24691, 46.4 mm 


FAMILY PERCICHTHYIDAE 

Lateolabrax latus Katayama, 1957 

[Jpn name: Hirasuzuki] (Fig. 109) 


Nagata River; KPM–NI 24246, 165.2 mm SL, 

mouth of Nagata River; KPM–NI 24247, 162.5 

mm SL, mouth of Nagata River. 


Yonezawa (2003c): Yaku-shima Island. 

Fig. 109. Lateolabrax latus (KPM–NI 24246, 165.2 mm 

SL). 

FAMILY ACROPOMATIDAE 

Malakichthys elegans Matsubara and Yamaguti, 1943 

[Jpn name: Nagaomehata] (Fig. 110) 

USNM 117989, 100.3 mm SL, Yaku-shima 


FAMILY SERRANIDAE 

Belonoperca chabanaudi Fowler and Bean, 1930 

[Jpn name: Yamisuzuki] (Fig. 111)

Fig. 110. Malakichthys elegans (USNM 117989, 100.3 mm 


Fig. 111. Belonoperca chabanaudi (off Isso, 15 m, 8 Nov. 


Cephalopholis argus Bloch and Schneider, 1801 

[Jpn name: Aonomehata] (Fig. 112) 


NI 24784, 53.8 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25575, 

76.2 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 77629, 362.3 mm 

SL, Nanase. 



Fig. 112. Cephalopholis argus (upper: KAUM–I. 11162, 

19.2 mm SL; lower: NSMT–P 77629, 362.3 mm SL). 


Cephalopholis miniata (Forsskål, 1775) 

[Jpn name: Yukatahata] (Fig. 113) 

FRLM 34701, 274.1 mm SL, Yaku-shima 

Island; KAUM–I. 11622, 252.0 mm SL, Isso; NS- 

MT–P 95761, 158.0 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island. 


Fig. 113. Cephalopholis miniata (upper: NSMT–P 95761, 

158.0 mm SL; lower: FRLM 34701, 274.1 mm SL). 

Cephalopholis sonnerati (Valenciennes, 1828) 

[Jpn name: Azahata] (Fig. 114) 

KAUM–I. 16275, 229.2 mm SL, off east of 



Fig. 114. Cephalopholis sonnerati (KAUM–I. 16275, 229.2 

mm SL). 

95

Cephalopholis urodeta (Forster, 1801) 

[Jpn name: Nijihata] (Fig. 115) 

KAUM–I. 11454, 194.7 mm SL, Isso; NS- 

MT–P 77644, 167.3 mm SL, Kurio. 



Fig. 115. Cephalopholis urodeta (KAUM–I. 11454, 194.7 

mm SL). 

Epinephelus areolatus (Forsskål 1775) 

[Jpn name: Omonhata] (Fig. 116) 

FRLM 34702, 290.8 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island. 

Fig. 116. Epinephelus areolatus (FRLM 34702, 290.8 mm 

SL). 

Epinephelus bontoides (Bleeker, 1855) 

[Jpn name: Shiranuihata] (Fig. 117) 

NSMT–P 96549, 288.6 mm SL, Nagata; NS- 

MT–P 96550, 317.1 mm SL, Nagata. 

Kuriiwa et al. (2008): NSMT–P 77624, 336 

mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura River. 

Remarks: Kuriiwa et al. (2008) reported this 

species as the first Japanese record on the basis 

of a single specimen (NSMT–P 77624) from the 

mouth of the Miyanoura River. Subsequently 

two additional specimens (NSMT–P 96549 and 

96 


96550) were collected from Nagata, northwestern 

Yaku-shima Island. This species has currently 

been known only from Yaku-shima Island in Japanese 

waters. 

Fig. 117. Epinephelus bontoides (NSMT–P 96549, 288.6 

mm SL). 

Epinephelus bruneus Bloch, 1793 

[Jpn name: Kue] 


Epinephelus caeruleopunctatus (Bloch, 1790) 

[Jpn name: Hakutenhata] (Fig. 118) 


I. 11535, 204.2 mm SL, Ambo; NSMT–P 91953, 

390 mm SL, Nanase. 




Fig. 118. Epinephelus caeruleopunctatus (KAUM–I. 

11535, 204.2 mm SL). 

Epinephelus coioides (Hamilton, 1822) 

[Jpn name: Chairomaruhata] (Fig. 119) 

NSMT–P 77627, 206.1 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura 

River. 

Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 119. Epinephelus coioides (NSMT–P 77627, 206.1 

mm SL). 

Epinephelus cyanopodus (Richardson, 1846) 

[Jpn name: Tsuchihozeri] 


Epinephelus fasciatus (Forsskål, 1775) 

[Jpn name: Akahata] (Fig. 120) 



222.5 mm SL, Nanase; NSMT–P 91170, 223 

mm SL, off east of Yaku-shima Island; NSMT–P 

91171, 249 mm SL, off east of Yaku-shima Island; 

NSMT–P 91172, 222 mm SL, off east of Yakushima 

Island; NSMT–P 91173, 249 mm SL, off 

east of Yaku-shima Island; NSMT–P 91174, 235 

mm SL, off east of Yaku-shima Island; NSMT–P 

91175, 249 mm SL, off east of Yaku-shima Island; 

NSMT–P 91176, 240 mm SL, off east of Yakushima 

Island; NSMT–P 91177, 236 mm SL, off 

east of Yaku-shima Island; NSMT–P 91341, 263 

mm SL, off north of Yaku-shima Island; NSMT– 

P 91342, 309 mm SL, off north of Yaku-shima 

Island; NSMT–P 91343, 244 mm SL, off north of 

Yaku-shima Island; NSMT–P 91344, 298 mm SL, 

off north of Yaku-shima Island; NSMT–P 91345, 

284 mm SL, off north of Yaku-shima Island; NS- 

MT–P 91346, 278 mm SL, off north of Yaku-shima 

Island; NSMT–P 91955, 232 mm SL, Nanase; 

NSMT–P 91956, 193 mm SL, Nanase; NSMT–P 

91957, 235 mm SL, Nanase; NSMT–P 91958, 252 

mm SL, Hirauchi; NSMT–P 91959, 266 mm SL, 

Hirauchi; NSMT–P 96386, 232.3 mm SL, Kurio; 


96548, 239.5 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island. 




Fig. 120. Epinephelus fasciatus (KAUM–I. 11363, 207.8 

mm SL). 

Epinephelus hexagonatus (Forster, 1801) 

[Jpn name: Ishigakihata] (Fig. 121) 

BSKU 96599, 119.6 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 

95413, 146.2 mm SL, Kurio. 

Fig. 121. Epinephelus hexagonatus (BSKU 96599, 119.6 

mm SL). 

Epinephelus howlandi (Günther, 1873) 

[Jpn name: Hiregurohata] 


Epinephelus maculatus (Bloch, 1790) 

[Jpn name: Shirobuchihata] (Fig. 122) 

BSKU 96643, 119.3 mm SL, Isso. 


Fig. 122. Epinephelus maculatus (BSKU 96643, 119.3 mm 

SL). 

97

Epinephelus malabaricus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) 

[Jpn name: Yaitohata] (Fig. 123) 


River. 


Fig. 123. Epinephelus malabaricus (NSMT–P 77625, 

305.3 mm SL). 

Epinephelus melanostigma Schultz, 1953 

[Jpn name: Sumitsukihata] 


Epinephelus merra Bloch, 1793 

[Jpn name: Kammonhata] (Fig. 124) 



MUFS 25621, 190 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 

91964, 214 mm SL, Isso. 



Fig. 124. Epinephelus merra (NSMT–P 91964, 214 mm 

SL). 

Epinephelus morrhua (Valenciennes, 1833) 

[Jpn name: Hokihata] 


98 


Epinephelus ongus (Bloch, 1790) 

[Jpn name: Namihata] 


Epinephelus polyphekadion (Bleeker, 1849) 

[Jpn name: Madarahata] 


Epinephelus quoyanus (Valenciennes, 1830) 

[Jpn name: Moyohata] (Fig. 125) 


Fig. 125. Epinephelus quoyanus (KAUM–I. 20042, 81.2 

mm SL). 

Epinephelus septemfasciatus (Thunberg, 1793) 

[Jpn name: Mahata] 


Epinephelus tauvina (Forsskål, 1775) 

[Jpn name: Hitomihata] (Fig. 126) 

KAUM–I. 11356, 136.4 mm SL, Kurio; NS- 

MT–P 77630, 329.2 mm SL, Nanase; NSMT–P 

91954, 352 mm SL, Nanase. 

Fig. 126. Epinephelus tauvina (KAUM–I. 11356, 136.4 

mm SL). 

Epinephelus tukula Morgans, 1959 

[Jpn name: Kasurihata] 


Grammistes sexlineatus (Thunberg, 1792) 

[Jpn name: Nunosarashi] (Fig. 127) 



mm SL, Kurio; FRLM 34735, 61.6 mm SL, 










MUFS 25562, 52.5 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25563, 


SL, Haruo. 



Fig. 127. Grammistes sexlineatus (upper: KAUM–I. 11125, 

15.6 mm SL; middle: KAUM–I. 20251, 32.5 mm SL; 

lower: KAUM–I. 11139, 86.8 mm SL). 

Liopropoma susumi (Jordan and Seale, 1906) 

[Jpn name: Kosujihanasuzuki] (Fig. 128) 



Fig. 128. Liopropoma susumi (KPM–NI 22544, 44.4 mm 

SL). 

Plectranthias kamii Randall, 1980 

[Jpn name: Izuhanadai] (Fig. 129) 




Fig. 129. Plectranthias kamii (KAUM–I. 1654, 236.1 mm 

SL). 

Plectranthias yamakawai Yoshino, 1972 

[Jpn name: Amamihanadai] 


Plectropomus laevis (Lacepède, 1801) 

[Jpn name: Kokuhan-ara] 


Plectropomus leopardus (Lacepède, 1802) 

[Jpn name: Sujiara] 


Pogonoperca punctata (Valenciennes, 1830) 

[Jpn name: Agohata] (Fig. 130) 


NI 24799, 12.8 mm SL, Kurio. 

Remarks: These specimens may be juveniles 

of Grammistes sexlineatus. 

99

Fig. 130. Pogonoperca punctata (KAUM–I. 11386, 11.8 

mm SL). 

Pseudanthias bicolor (Randall, 1979) 

[Jpn name: Futairohanagoi] (Fig. 131) 

Fig. 131. Pseudanthias bicolor (upper: off Isso, 20 m, 8 

Apr. 2007, S. Harazaki; lower: off Isso, 20 m, 16 May 


Pseudanthias fasciatus (Kamohara, 1954) 

[Jpn name: Sujihanadai] (Fig. 132) 

Pseudanthias lori (Lubbock and Randall, 1976) 

[Jpn name: Akaboshihanagoi] (Fig. 133) 

Pseudanthias pascalus (Jordan and Tanaka, 1927) 

[Jpn name: Hanagoi] 



100 


Fig. 132. Pseudanthias fasciatus (off Isso, 35 m, 21 Sept. 


Fig. 133. Pseudanthias lori (off Nagata, 45 m, 19 Nov. 


Pseudanthias pleurotaenia (Bleeker, 1857) 

[Jpn name: Sumirenagahanadai] (Fig. 134) 

Fig. 134. Pseudanthias pleurotaenia (off Isso, 20 m, 4 Mar. 

2005, S. Harazaki).

Pseudanthias squamipinnis (Peters, 1855) 

[Jpn name: Kingyohanadai] (Fig. 135) 




Fig. 135. Pseudanthias squamipinnis (KAUM–I. 21788, 

27.8 mm SL). 

Pseudanthias sp. 

[Jpn name: Benihanadai] (Fig. 136) 

Remarks: This species has been recorded 

along the Pacific coast of southern Japan and the 

Ryukyu Islands (Senou, 2002). It is relatively 

common at Yaku-shima Island (deeper than 20 m). 

Fig. 136. Pseudanthias sp. (upper: off Isso, 20 m, 2 Mar. 

2005, S. Harazaki; lower: off Isso, 35 m, 15 July 2005, 

S. Harazaki). 


Serranocirrhitus latus Watanabe, 1949 

[Jpn name: Hanagombe] (Fig. 137) 

Fig. 137. Serranocirrhitus latus (off Isso, 20 m, 4 Mar. 


Triso dermopterus (Temminck and Schlegel, 1842) 

[Jpn name: Tobihata] 


Variola albimarginata Baissac, 1953 

[Jpn name: Ojirobarahata] 


Variola louti (Forsskål, 1775) 

[Jpn name: Barahata] 



FAMILY PSEUDOCHROMIDAE 

Labracinus cyclophthalma (Müller and Troschel, 1849) 

[Jpn name: Megisu] (Fig. 138) 






mm SL, Yudomari. 



Pictichromis porphyrea (Lubbock and Goldman, 1974) 

[Jpn name: Kurenainisesuzume] (Fig. 139) 

Pseudochromis cyanotaenia Bleeker, 1857 

[Jpn name: Ryukyunisesuzume] (Fig. 140) 

BSKU 96603, 41.0 mm SL, Kurio. 


101

Fig. 138. Labracinus cyclophthalma (upper: KAUM–I. 

11132, 28.3 mm SL; middle: KAUM–I. 11589, 87.1 

mm SL; lower: KAUM–I. 11524, 127.0 mm SL). 

Fig. 139. Pictichromis porphyrea (off Isso, 5 m, 21 Aug. 


Fig. 140. Pseudochromis cyanotaenia (BSKU 96603, 41.0 

mm SL). 

102 


Pseudochromis luteus Aoyagi, 1943 

[Jpn name: Koganenisesuzume] (Fig. 141) 




SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 11537, 24.2 mm SL, Ambo; 


20329, 43.8 mm SL, Isso; MUFS 25593, 41.5 mm 

SL, Kurio; MUFS 25601, 32.3 mm SL, Kurio; 

NSMT–P 91672, 28 mm SL, Kurio. 

Fig. 141. Pseudochromis luteus (upper: KAUM–I. 11362, 


lower: off Kurio, 10 m, 21 July 2006, S. Harazaki). 

Pseudochromis marshallensis Schultz, 1953 

[Jpn name: Hoshinisesuzume] (Fig. 142) 




FAMILY PLESIOPIDAE 

Acanthoplesiops psilogaster Hardy, 1985 

[Jpn name: Fuchidoritanabatauo] (Fig. 143) 


KAUM–I. 11369, 16.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I.

Fig. 142. Pseudochromis marshallensis (KAUM–I. 11296, 

51.4 mm SL). 



SL, Kurio. 

Remarks: Although Acanthoplesiops and Belonepterygion 

have often been treated as members 

of the family Acanthoclinidae, we follow Nelson’s 

(2006) classification in the subfamily Acanthoclininae 

(family Plesiopidae). 

Fig. 143. Acanthoplesiops psilogaster (KAUM–I. 11369, 

16.3 mm SL). 

Assessor randalli Allen and Kuiter, 1976 

[Jpn name: Tsubametanabatauo] (Fig. 144) 


Belonepterygion fasciolatum (Ogilby, 1889) 

[Jpn name: Togetanabatauo] (Fig. 145) 







20.8 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 20193, 25.9 mm 




Fig. 144. Assessor randalli (upper: off Isso, 5 m, 9 Oct. 

2006, S. Harazaki; lower: KAUM–I. 20288, 36.9 mm 

SL). 


22575, 30.5 mm SL, Isso; MUFS 25598, 33.1 mm 



Fig. 145. Belonepterygion fasciolatum (KAUM–I. 11364, 

32.7 mm SL). 

Calloplesiops altivelis (Steindachner, 1903) 

[Jpn name: Shimofuritanabatauo] 



103

Plesiops coeruleolineatus Rüppell, 1835 

[Jpn name: Tanabatauo] (Fig. 146) 




Arai and Ida (1975, as Plesiops melas): 


Kusugawa. 

Fig. 146. Plesiops coeruleolineatus (KAUM–I. 11579, 51.3 

mm SL). 

FAMILY PRIACANTHIDAE 

Cookeolus japonicus (Cuvier, 1829) 

[Jpn name: Chikamekintoki] 


Heteropriacanthus cruentatus (Lacepède, 1801) 

[Jpn name: Gomahirekintoki] (Fig. 147) 


Fig. 147. Heteropriacanthus cruentatus (FRLM 34713, 

231.1 mm SL). 

Priacanthus hamrur (Forsskål, 1775) 

[Jpn name: Hosekikintoki] (Fig. 148) 





104 


Fig. 148. Priacanthus hamrur (KAUM–I. 21946, 260.6 

mm SL). 

FAMILY APOGONIDAE 

Apogon amboinensis Bleeker, 1853 

[Jpn name: Amamiishimochi] (Fig. 149) 

Yoshida and Motomura (2009), Yoshida et al. 

(2010): KAUM–I. 21588, 53.5 mm SL, mouth 

of Ambo River; KAUM–I. 21589, 49.0 mm SL, 

mouth of Ambo River. Yoshida et al. (2010): 

mouth of Isso River. 

Fig. 149. Apogon amboinensis (KAUM–I. 21589, 49.0 mm 

SL). 

Apogon angustatus (Smith and Radcliffe, 1911) 

[Jpn name: Usujimaishimochi] (Fig. 150) 

Yoshida et al. (2010): KAUM–I. 20268, 17.8 


Kurio. 

Apogon apogonides (Bleeker, 1856) 

[Jpn name: Aohanatenjikudai] (Fig. 151) 

Yoshida et al. (2010): Isso. 

Apogon aureus (Lacepède, 1802) 

[Jpn name: Aosujitenjikudai] (Fig. 152) 


Yoshida et al. (2010): BSKU 96634, 63.3 mm SL, Isso.

Fig. 150. Apogon angustatus (off Isso; from Yoshida et al., 

2010). 

Fig. 151. Apogon apogonides (off Isso; from Yoshida et al., 

2010). 

Fig. 152. Apogon aureus (BSKU 96634, 63.3 mm SL). 

Apogon caudicinctus Randall and Smith, 1988 

[Jpn name: Koyariishimochi] (Fig. 153) 


mm SL, Kurio. 


Fig. 153. Apogon caudicinctus (KAUM–I. 21765, 33.8 mm 

SL). 

Apogon chrysotaenia Bleeker, 1851 



Remarks: The species was reported by Yoshida 

et al. (2010) as the first Japanese record on the 

basis of underwater photograph and observations. 

However, no specimens have been collected. 

Fig. 154. Apogon chrysotaenia (off Isso; from Yoshida et 

al., 2010). 

Apogon cookii Macleay, 1881 

[Jpn name: Sujiishimochi] (Fig. 155) 






mm SL, Kurio. 

Apogon crassiceps Garman, 1903 

[Jpn name: Akafujitenjikudai] (Fig. 156) 

Yoshida et al. (2010): BSKU 96552, 27.2 

mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 11445, 37.4 


105

Fig. 155. Apogon cookii (KAUM–I. 11207, 27.3 mm SL). 





20331, 34.3 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 21767, 29.2 


Kurio; KPM–NI 22513, 24.4 mm SL, Yudomari; 


Remarks: All previous records of A. crassiceps 

“Akane-tenjikudai” in Japanese waters (e.g., 

Hayashi, 2002) were based on mis-identifications 

of a species of the A. talboti group (Yoshida et al., 

2010). 

Fig. 156. Apogon crassiceps (KAUM–I. 20331, 34.3 mm 

SL). 

Apogon doederleini Jordan and Snyder, 1901 

[Jpn name: Osujiishimochi] (Fig. 157) 

KPM–NI 24942, 91.2 mm SL, Onoaida; 


95410, 2 specimens, 81.6–90.0 mm SL, Miyanoura; 


SL, Miyanoura Port. 


mm SL, Kusugawa. Ichikawa et al. (1992): 

Yaku-shima Island. Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. 

106 


Yoshida et al. (2010): FRLM 34706, 103.7 mm 


Ambo Port; KAUM–I. 11440, 46.5 mm SL, Isso; 











62 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20343, 56 mm 

SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 21751, 91.9 mm SL, Ambo 

Port; KAUM–I. 25234, 78.1 mm SL, Ambo Port; 

MUFS 25446, 92.7 mm SL, Ambo Port; MUFS 

25447, 85.4 mm SL, Ambo Port; MUFS 25448, 

70.9 mm SL, Ambo Port; MUFS 25449, 69.2 

mm SL, Ambo Port; MUFS 25450, 69.4 mm SL, 

Ambo Port. 

Fig. 157. Apogon doederleini (KAUM–I. 11124, 99.2 mm 

SL). 

Apogon endekataenia Bleeker, 1852 

[Jpn name: Kosujiishimochi] (Fig. 158) 


Yoshida et al. (2010): KAUM–I. 21786, 26.8 mm 

SL, Isso. 

Apogon exostigma (Jordan and Starks, 1906) 

[Jpn name: Yukataishimochi] (Fig. 159) 

Yoshida et al. (2010): BSKU 96553, 45.8 mm 

SL, Yudomari; KPM–NI 22551, 28.1 mm SL, Kurio.

Fig. 158. Apogon endekataenia (KAUM–I. 21786, 26.8 

mm SL). 

Fig. 159. Apogon exostigma (BSKU 96553, 45.8 mm SL). 

Apogon fasciatus (White, 1790) 

[Jpn name: Furaiishimochi] (Fig. 160) 


Fig. 160. Apogon fasciatus (off Isso; from Yoshida et al., 

2010). 

Apogon fraenatus Valenciennes, 1832 

[Jpn name: Hitosujiishimochi] (Fig. 161) 


Apogon indicus Greenfield, 2001 

[Jpn name: Ryukyuishimochi] (Fig. 162) 

Yoshida et al. (2010): NSMT–P 95448, 32.9 

mm SL, Haruo. 

Remarks: Greenfield (2001) considered A. 


Fig. 161. Apogon fraenatus (off Isso; from Yoshida et al., 

2010). 

erythrinus Snyder, 1904 an endemic species to the 

Hawaiian Islands, and some Japanese specimens 

previously identified as A. erythrinus were his 

new species, A. indicus (see Yoshida et al., 2010). 

Fig. 162. Apogon indicus (NSMT–P 95448, 32.9 mm SL, 


Apogon kallopterus Bleeker, 1856 

[Jpn name: Kasuriishimochi] (Fig. 163) 

Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Yoshida et al. (2010): 

Isso. 

Fig. 163. Apogon kallopterus (off Isso; from Yoshida et al., 

2010). 

107

Apogon kominatoensis Ebina, 1935 

[Jpn name: Kominatotenjikudai] (Fig. 164) 


SL, Isso; FRLM 34709, 38.3 mm SL, Yudomari; 





Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20248, 39.3 mm SL, Kurio; 




SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 21766, 27.1 mm SL, Kurio; 

NSMT–P 91356, 40 mm SL, Yudomari; NSMT–P 



Remarks: Many Japanese authors (e.g., 

Hayashi, 2002) have used a name, A. coccineus 

Rüppell, 1838, for this species. However, A. coccineus 

has been regarded as a western Indian 

Ocean species (Randall, 2005; Yoshida et al., 

2010). 

Fig. 164. Apogon kominatoensis (KAUM–I. 20332, 35.4 

mm SL). 

Apogon moluccensis Valenciennes, 1832 

[Jpn name: Sehoshitenjikudai] (Fig. 165) 


SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 20378, 43.1 mm SL, Isso. 

Remarks: Many Japanese authors (e.g., 

Hayashi, 2002) have used a name, A. ventrifasciatus 

Allen et al., 1994, for this species. However, 

Fraser et al. (2002) regarded A. ventrifasciatus as 

a junior synonym of A. moluccensis. 

108 


Fig. 165. Apogon moluccensis (KAUM–I. 20378, 43.1 mm 

SL). 

Apogon nigrofasciatus Lachner, 1953 

[Jpn name: Minamifutosujiishimochi] (Fig. 166) 




Fig. 166. Apogon nigrofasciatus (BSKU 96605, 58.9 mm 

SL). 

Apogon notatus (Houttuyn, 1782) 

[Jpn name: Kurohoshiishimochi] (Fig. 167) 

Jordan and Starks (1906): whereabouts of a 

single specimen from Yaku-shima Island is unknown. 


Fig. 167. Apogon notatus (off Isso; from Yoshida et al., 

2010).

Apogon novemfasciatus Cuvier, 1828 

[Jpn name: Tasujiishimochi] (Fig. 168) 



Fig. 168. Apogon novemfasciatus (KAUM–I. 21759, 33.7 

mm SL). 

Apogon parvulus (Smith and Radcliffe, 1912) 

[Jpn name: Neontenjikudai] 


Apogon cf properuptus (Whitley, 1964), dotted type 

[Jpn name: “kinsen-ishimochi, dotto-gata”] (Fig. 169) 

Yoshida et al. (2010): KAUM–I. 21789, 




Fig. 169. Apogon cf properuptus (KAUM–I. 21790, 40.2 

mm SL). 

Apogon cf properuptus (Whitley, 1964), lined type 

[Jpn name: “kinsen-ishimochi, rain-gata”] (Fig. 170) 



SL, Yudomari; KPM–NI 22506, 41.1 mm SL, Yudomari. 


Fig. 170. Apogon cf properuptus (KAUM–I. 20112, 32.3 

mm SL). 

Apogon selas Randall and Hayashi, 1990 

[Jpn name: Nagareboshi] 


Apogon seminigracaudus Greenfield, 2007 

[Jpn name: Ogurotenjikudai] (Fig. 171) 


mm SL, Isso. 

Remarks: Japanese specimens previously 

identified as Apogon fuscus Quoy and Gaimard, 

1825 (or Nectamia fusca) were described by 

Greenfield (2007) as a new species, A. seminigracaudus. 

Fig. 171. Apogon seminigracaudus (KAUM–I. 21785, 26.8 

mm SL, Isso). 

Apogon semiornatus Peters, 1876 

[Jpn name: Yamitenjikudai] (Fig. 172) 


Apogon taeniophorus Regan, 1908 

[Jpn name: Misujitenjikudai] (Fig. 173) 

Arai and Ida (1975, as A. endekataenia): 


SL, Kusugawa. Yoshida et al. (2010): BSKU 

109

Fig. 172. Apogon semiornatus (off Isso; from Yoshida et 

al., 2010). 

96641, 37.8 mm SL, Isso; FRLM 34677, 47.2 










SL, Nagata; KPM–NI 22577, 21.8 mm SL, Isso; 

KPM–NI 22578, 25.8 mm SL, Isso; MUFS 25595, 

57.7 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25596, 56.6 mm 


NSMT–P 17846, 4 specimens: 28.8–68.0 mm SL, 

Kusugawa; NSMT–P 91351, 45.9 mm SL, Yudomari; 

NSMT–P 91682, 3 specimens: 58.4–69.3 

mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 95459, 2specimens: 

32.6–84.6 mm SL, Haruo; NSMT–P 95463, 87.8 

mm SL, Hirauchi. 

Remarks: Yoshida et al. (2010) regarded 

Mabuchi et al.’s (2004) “spotted type of Misujitenjikudai” 

as A. taeniophorus. 

Fig. 173. Apogon taeniophorus (KAUM–I. 11359, 76.1 

mm SL). 

110 


Apogon cf taeniophorus Regan, 1908, lined type 

[Jpn name: “misujitenjikudai, rain-gata”] (Fig. 174) 

Yoshida et al. (2010): KPM–NI 22579, 25.1 

mm SL, Isso. 

Remarks: The specimen is identified as Mabuchi 

et al.’s (2004) “lined type of Misujitenjikudai”. 

Taxonomic status of this species is still unknown. 

Fig. 174. Apogon cf taeniophorus (KPM–NI 22579, 25.1 

mm SL). 

Apogonichthyoides timorensis (Bleeker, 1854) 

[Jpn name: Kakureishimochi] (Fig. 175) 


mm SL, Yudomari; KPM–NI 22542, 29.0 mm SL, 

Yudomari; KPM–NI 22580, 21.9 mm SL, Isso. 

Fig. 175. Apogonichthyoides timorensis (KAUM–I. 20076, 

59.9 mm SL). 

Archamia fucata (Cantor, 1849) 

[Jpn name: Sumitsukiatohikitenjikudai] (Fig. 176) 

BSKU 96549, 50.6 mm SL, Yudomari; 




Remarks: Archamia dispilus Lachner, 1951 

was recently synonymized with A. fucata by Gon 

and Randall (2003).

Fig. 176. Archamia fucata (KAUM–I. 20075, 73.5 mm 

SL). 

Cheilodipterus artus Smith, 1961 

[Jpn name: Kasumiyaraiishimochi] 


Remarks: Hayashi’s (2002) C. subulatus was 

re-identified as C. artus (see Yoshida et al., 2010). 

Cheilodipterus intermedius Gon, 1993 

[Jpn name: Sudareyaraiishimochi] (Fig. 177) 


Remarks: Hayashi’s (2002) C. artus was reidentified 

as C. intermedius (see Yoshida et al., 

2010). 

Fig. 177. Cheilodipterus intermedius (upper: young; lower: 

adult; off Isso; from Yoshida et al., 2010). 


Cheilodipterus macrodon (Lacepède, 1802) 

[Jpn name: Ryukyuyaraiishimochi] (Fig. 178) 

Arai and Ida (1975, as Cheilodipterus lineatus): 

Kusugawa [two specimens (107–118 mm 

TL) were reported, but not found at NSMT]. 

Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island. Kuniyasu 

(1999): Kurio. Yoshida et al. (2010): BSKU 


70.5 mm SL, Isso. 

Fig. 178. Cheilodipterus macrodon (BSKU 96548, 58.7 

mm SL). 

Cheilodipterus quinquelineatus Cuvier, 1828 

[Jpn name: Yaraiishimochi] (Fig. 179) 








KAUM–I. 20535, 65.5 mm SL, Yudomari; KPM– 

NI 22511, 40.0 mm SL, Yudomari. 

Fig. 179. Cheilodipterus quinquelineatus (KAUM–I. 

11289, 50.0 mm SL). 

111

Foa brachygramma (Jenkins, 1903) 

[Jpn name: Taiwammatoishimochi] (Fig. 180) 


Fig. 180. Foa brachygramma (off Isso; from Yoshida et al., 

2010). 

Fowleria isostigma (Jordan and Seale, 1906) 

[Jpn name: Nahamatoishimochi] (Fig. 181) 


SL, Yudomari. 

Fig. 181. Fowleria isostigma (BSKU 96573, 17.0 mm SL). 

Fowleria cf marmorata (Alleyne and Macleay, 1877) 

[Jpn name: Obishibori] (Fig. 182) 


mm SL, Isso. 

Remarks: The specimen was identified as F. 

marmorata, but differed from published meristic 

data for F. marmorata in having 6 or 7 pored 

lateral-line scales (vs. 10–13 in the latter) (see 

Yoshida et al., 2010). 

112 


Fig. 182. Fowleria cf marmorata (KAUM–I. 21784, 39.8 

mm SL). 

Fowleria variegata (Valenciennes, 1832) 

[Jpn name: Shibori] (Fig. 183) 


SL, Yudomari; KPM–NI 22505, 28.8 mm SL, Yudomari. 

Fig. 183. Fowleria variegata (KPM–NI 22505, 28.8 mm 

SL). 

Neamia octospina Smith and Radcliffe, 1912 

[Jpn name: Yatsutogetenjikudai] (Fig. 184) 


Fig. 184. Neamia octospina (off Isso; from Yoshida et al., 

2010).

Nectamia bandanensis (Bleeker, 1854) 

[Jpn name: Bandaishimochi] (Fig. 185) 



Yudomari. 

Remarks: Fraser (2008) allocated this species 

to Nectamia from Apogon. 

Fig. 185. Nectamia bandanensis (BSKU 96538, 66.0 mm 

SL). 

Pseudamia gelatinosa Smith, 1956 

[Jpn name: Numeritenjikudai] (Fig. 186) 

Yoshida et al. (2010): BSKU 96540, 42.9 







Fig. 186. Pseudamia gelatinosa (BSKU 96540, 42.9 mm 

SL). 

Rhabdamia gracilis (Bleeker, 1856) 

[Jpn name: Sukashitenjikudai] (Fig. 187) 



Fig. 187. Rhabdamia gracilis (off Isso; from Yoshida et al., 

2010). 

Siphamia majimai Matsubara and Iwai, 1958 

[Jpn name: Majimakuroishimochi] (Fig. 188) 




KPM–NI 22582, 16.9 mm SL, Isso. 

Fig. 188. Siphamia majimai (KAUM–I. 20158, 20.3 mm 

SL). 

Siphamia tubulata (Weber, 1909) 

[Jpn name: Inazumahikariishimochi] (Fig. 189) 


Fig. 189. Siphamia tubulata (off Isso; from Yoshida et al., 

2010). 

113

Siphamia versicolor (Smith and Radcliffe, 1911) 

[Jpn name: Hikariishimochi] 


FAMILY MALACANTHIDAE 

Hoplolatilus cuniculus Randall and Dooley, 1974 

[Jpn name: Okinawasangoamadai] (Fig. 190) 

Fig. 190. Hoplolatilus cuniculus (off Nagata, 40 m, 5 June 


Hoplolatilus fronticinctus (Günther, 1887) 


Remarks: The photographed individual has 

the following characters: caudal fin forked; opercular 

spine smaller than pupil diameter; depth 

of posterior margin of maxilla less than pupil 

diameter; dorsal fin with 10 spines and 13 soft 

rays; anal fin with two spines and 12 soft rays; 

a blue saddle-shaped blotch on caudal peduncle 

dorsally; a blue band from snout to eye; dorsal 

and anal fins yellowish, with bluish green basally 

and pink distally; and caudal fin yellowish, with 

bluish green stripes along upper and lower margins. 

These characters agree with description of 

H. fronticinctus given by Dooley (1999). This 

species is distributed in the Indo-West Pacific, 

and has been known from the Philippines to the 

Solomon Islands in the western Pacific (Dooley, 

1999). Recently, Senou et al. (2006b) reported 

juveniles of this species as Hoplolatilus sp. from 

Izu-oshima Island on the basis of underwater photographs 

(KPM–NR 31560, 62592). A juvenile of 

this species was also photographed at a depth of 

114 


55 m off Kume-jima Island in 1999 (KPM–NR 

29578). The photograph of the species taken at 

Yaku-shima Island represents the first record of H. 

fronticinctus from the island. This species is relatively 

common in depths of more than 50 m off 

Yaku-shima Island. Specimens of the species have 

never been collected from Japanese waters. 

Fig. 191. Hoplolatilus fronticinctus (off Nagata, 60 m, 28 

Nov. 2009, S. Harazaki). 

Malacanthus brevirostris Guichenot, 1848 

[Jpn name: Yaseamadai] 


Malacanthus latovittatus (Lacepède, 1801) 

[Jpn name: Kitsuneamadai] 



FAMILY CORYPHAENIDAE 

Coryphaena hippurus Linnaeus, 1758 

[Jpn name: Shiira] 


FAMILY RACHYCENTRIDAE 

Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus, 1766) 

[Jpn name: Sugi] 


FAMILY ECHENEIDAE 

Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus, 1758 

[Jpn name: Kobanzame] 



FAMILY CARANGIDAE 

Alectis ciliaris (Bloch, 1787) 

[Jpn name: Itohikiaji] 


Carangoides fulvoguttatus (Forsskål, 1775) 

[Jpn name: Hoshikaiwari] 


Carangoides orthogrammus (Jordan and Gilbert, 1882) 

[Jpn name: Nan-yokaiwari] (Fig. 192) 

NSMT–P 91960, 357.6 mm SL, Hirauchi. 


Fig. 192. Carangoides orthogrammus (NSMT–P 91960, 

357.6 mm SL). 

Caranx ignobilis (Forsskål, 1775) 

[Jpn name: Ronin-aji] 


Caranx melampygus Cuvier, 1833 

[Jpn name: Kasumiaji] (Fig. 193) 


NSMT–P 77628, 459.8 mm SL, Nanase. 


Caranx papuensis Alleyne and Macleay, 1877 

[Jpn name: Onihiraaji] (Fig. 194) 


River. 

Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy and Gaimard, 1825 

[Jpn name: Gingameaji] (Fig. 195) 


KAUM–I. 25224, 162.8 mm SL, Nagata; KAUM– 

I. 25225, 170.2 mm SL, Nagata; KAUM–I. 25226, 

165.7 mm SL, Nagata; KPM–NI 24257, 131.8 


Fig. 193. Caranx melampygus (upper: KAUM–I. 11272, 


Fig. 194. Caranx papuensis (KAUM–I. 24696, 44.8 mm 


mm SL, mouth of Nagata River; KPM–NI 24274, 

149.9 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura River; KPM– 

NI 24277, 242.4 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura 

River; KPM–NI 24281, 123.3 mm SL, mouth of 

Nagata River; KPM–NI 24661, 146.7 mm SL, 

mouth of Nagata River; KPM–NI 24662, 154.3 

mm SL, mouth of Nagata River; KPM–NI 24673, 

177.1 mm SL, Onoaida; KPM–NI 24674, 160.3 

mm SL, Onoaida; KPM–NI 24675, 162.2 mm SL, 

Onoaida; NSMT–P 77582, 288.8 mm SL, Nagata; 

NSMT–P 77664, 170.5 mm SL, Miyanoura; 

NSMT–P 77665, 161.0 mm SL, Miyanoura; NS- 

MT–P 91370, 115 mm SL, Yudomari; NSMT–P 

96014, 263.0 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura River; 

NSMT–P 96390, 156.5 mm SL, mouth of Tainoko 

River. 


115

Fig. 195. Caranx sexfasciatus (KPM–NI 24277, 242.4 mm 

SL). 

Decapterus macarellus (Cuvier, 1833) 

[Jpn name: Kusayamoro] (Fig. 196) 

FRLM 34662, 252.5 mm SL, off Ambo; 

FRLM 34663, 316.0 mm SL, off Ambo; FRLM 

34664, 282.1 mm SL, off Ambo; FRLM 34665, 

274.5 mm SL, off Ambo; FRLM 34666, 292.0 

mm SL, off Ambo; FRLM 34667, 299.7 mm 

SL, off Ambo; FRLM 34668, 268.7 mm SL, 

off Ambo; FRLM 34669, 275.5 mm SL, off 

Ambo; FRLM 34670, 275.5 mm SL, off Ambo; 

FRLM 34704, 360.1 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island; 


Island; NSMT–P 76551, 247.9 mm SL, south of 

Yaku-shima Island; NSMT–P 76552, 4 specimens, 

253.4–275.5 mm SL, south of Yaku-shima Island. 


Fig. 196. Decapterus macarellus (KAUM–I. 11254, 364.3 

mm SL). 

Decapterus macrosoma Bleeker, 1851 

[Jpn name: Moro] (Fig. 197) 


mm SL, south of Yaku-shima Island. 

Decapterus muroadsi (Temminck and Schlegel, 1844) 

[Jpn name: Muroaji] 


116 


Fig. 197. Decapterus macrosoma (NSMT–P 76550, 285.9 


Decapterus tabl Berry, 1968 

[Jpn name: Oakamuro] (Fig. 198) 


mm SL, south of Yaku-shima Island. 

Fig. 198. Decapterus tabl (NSMT–P 76549, 302.2 mm SL, 


Elagatis bipinnulata (Quoy and Gaimard, 1825) 

[Jpn name: Tsumuburi] (Fig. 199) 

NSMT–P 91962, 459.6 mm SL, Hirauchi; 



Fig. 199. Elagatis bipinnulata (NSMT–P 91962, 459.6 mm 

SL). 

Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus, 1758) 

[Jpn name: Burimodoki] 


Pseudocaranx dentex (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) 

[Jpn name: Shimaaji] 


Scomberoides lysan (Forsskål, 1775) 

[Jpn name: Ikekatsuo] 


Selar crumenophthalmus (Bloch, 1793) 

[Jpn name: Meaji] 


Seriola dumerili (Risso, 1810) 

[Jpn name: Kampachi] (Fig. 200) 

KPM–NI 24273, 170.8 mm SL, Ambo; KPM– 

NI 24275, 176.3 mm SL, mouth of Ambo River. 


Fig. 200. Seriola dumerili (KPM–NI 24273, 170.8 mm 

SL). 

Seriola lalandi Valenciennes, 1833 

[Jpn name: Hiramasa] 


Seriola quinqueradiata Temminck and Schlegel, 1845 

[Jpn name: Buri] 


Seriola rivoliana Valenciennes, 1833 

[Jpn name: Hirenagakampachi] 


Trachinotus baillonii (Lacepède, 1801) 

[Jpn name: Koban-aji] (Fig. 201) 


KAUM–I. 15414, 105.6 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island; 

KPM–NI 24667, 258.0 mm SL, Onoaida. 


Trachinotus blochii (Lacepède, 1801) 

[Jpn name: Marukoban] 



Fig. 201. Trachinotus baillonii (KPM–NI 24667, 258.0 

mm SL). 

Trachurus japonicus (Temminck and Schlegel, 1844) 

[Jpn name: Maaji] 


FAMILY BRAMIDAE 

Pteraclis aesticola (Jordan and Snyder, 1901) 

[Jpn name: Benten-uo] (Fig. 202) 

Senou and Kanno (2004): Isso. 

Fig. 202. Pteraclis aesticola (off Isso; after Senou and 

Kanno, 2004). 

FAMILY LUTJANIDAE 

Aprion virescens Valenciennes, 1830 

[Jpn name: Aochibiki] (Fig. 203) 



Etelis coruscans Valenciennes, 1862 

[Jpn name: Hamadai] (Fig. 204) 



117

Fig. 203. Aprion virescens (NSMT–P 91961, 441.4 mm 

SL). 

Fig. 204. Etelis coruscans (KAUM–I. 21947, 271.4 mm 

SL). 

Lutjanus argentimaculatus (Forsskål, 1775) 

[Jpn name: Gomafuedai] (Fig. 205) 

BSKU 96690, 18.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM– 




Kurio River; KAUM–I. 25229, 208.5 mm SL, 

mouth of Ambo River; KPM–NI 24280, 262.4 

mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura River; NSMT–P 

68063, 36.9 mm SL, mouth of Nagata River; NS- 

MT–P 77626, 309 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura 

River; NSMT–P 96393, 265.7 mm SL, Ambo. 


Lutjanus bengalensis (Bloch, 1790) 

[Jpn name: Bengarufuedai] (Fig. 206) 

Lutjanus bohar (Forsskål, 1775) 

[Jpn name: Barafuedai] (Fig. 207) 




Lutjanus decussatus (Cuvier, 1828) 

[Jpn name: Amimefuedai] 


118 


Fig. 205. Lutjanus argentimaculatus (upper: KAUM–I. 


mm SL). 

Fig. 206. Lutjanus bengalensis (off Isso, 20 m, 16 Jan. 


Fig. 207. Lutjanus bohar (NSMT–P 77718, 630 mm SL). 

Lutjanus fulviflamma (Forsskål, 1775) 

[Jpn name: Nisekurohoshifuedai] (Fig. 208) 



mouth of Ambo River; KPM–NI 24251, 99.6 mm

SL, mouth of Nagata River; KPM–NI 24660, 76.2 




Fig. 208. Lutjanus fulviflamma (KAUM–I. 21761, 76.7 mm 

SL). 

Lutjanus fulvus (Forster, 1801) 

[Jpn name: Okifuedai] (Fig. 209) 



mouth of Kurio River; KAUM–I. 20325, 26.4 


81.2 mm SL, mouth of Nagata River; KAUM–I. 

25233, 147.5 mm SL, Ambo; KPM–NI 22571, 




Lutjanus gibbus (Forsskål, 1775) 

[Jpn name: Himefuedai] (Fig. 210) 

MUFS 25530, 158.6 mm SL, Yudomari. 



Lutjanus kasmira (Forsskål, 1775) 

[Jpn name: Yosujifuedai] 



Lutjanus monostigma (Cuvier, 1828) 

[Jpn name: Ittenfuedai] 




Fig. 209. Lutjanus fulvus (upper: KAUM–I. 20325, 26.4 


Fig. 210. Lutjanus gibbus (MUFS 25530, 158.6 mm SL). 

Lutjanus quinquelineatus (Bloch, 1790) 

[Jpn name: Rokusenfuedai] (Fig. 211) 

NSMT–P 77654, 126.2 mm SL, Nagata. 

Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Lutjanus spilurus): 


Lutjanus rivulatus (Cuvier, 1828) 

[Jpn name: Namifuedai] 


Lutjanus russellii (Bleeker, 1849) 

[Jpn name: Kurohoshifuedai] (Fig. 212) 


River. 


119

Fig. 211. Lutjanus quinquelineatus (NSMT–P 77654, 126.2 

mm SL). 

Fig. 212. Lutjanus russellii (KAUM–I. 11504, 19.6 mm 

SL). 

Lutjanus sebae (Cuvier, 1816) 

[Jpn name: Sennendai] 


Lutjanus stellatus Akazaki, 1983 

[Jpn name: Fuedai] (Fig. 213) 



mouth of Ambo River; KAUM–I. 25048, 81.2 

mm SL, mouth of Nagata River; MUFS 25564, 

34.8 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 77651, 203 mm 

SL, Nagata. 



Macolor macularis Fowler, 1931 

[Jpn name: Hohosujitarumi] (Fig. 214) 

Macolor niger (Forsskål, 1775) 

[Jpn name: Madaratarumi] 


120 


Fig. 213. Lutjanus stellatus (KAUM–I. 21760, 75.9 mm 

SL). 

Fig. 214. Macolor macularis (off Isso, 18 m, 25 Aug. 2004, 

S. Harazaki). 

Paracaesio caerulea (Katayama, 1934) 

[Jpn name: Aodai] 


Paracaesio kusakarii Abe, 1960 

[Jpn name: Shimaaodai] 


Paracaesio xanthura (Bleeker, 1869) 

[Jpn name: Umeiro] (Fig. 215) 


Island; FRLM 34699, 247.0 mm SL, Yaku-shima 



Yaku-shima Island; MUFS 25523, 260.9 mm SL, 

Yaku-shima Island; MUFS 25524, 255.5 mm SL,

Yaku-shima Island; MUFS 25525, 245.8 mm SL, 



Fig. 215. Paracaesio xanthura (KAUM–I. 11253, 267.7 

mm SL). 

FAMILY CAESIONIDAE 

Caesio teres Seale, 1906 

[Jpn name: Umeiromodoki] (Fig. 216) 

BSKU 96649, 26.1 mm SL, Isso; FRLM 

34725, 277.7 mm SL, Kurio. 



Fig. 216. Caesio teres (FRLM 34725, 277.7 mm SL). 

Pterocaesio digramma (Bleeker, 1864) 

[Jpn name: Takasago] 



Pterocaesio tile (Cuvier, 1830) 

[Jpn name: Kumasasahanamuro] 




FAMILY LOBOTIDAE 

Lobotes surinamensis (Bloch, 1790) 

[Jpn name: Matsudai] (Fig. 217) 



Fig. 217. Lobotes surinamensis (KAUM–I. 21776, 53.6 

mm SL). 

FAMILY GERREIDAE 

Gerres equulus Temminck and Schlegel, 1844 

[Jpn name: Kurosagi] (Fig. 218) 

KPM–NI 24276, 208.6 mm SL, mouth of 

Miyanoura River; KPM–NI 24658, 203.6 mm 

SL, mouth of Miyanoura River; NSMT–P 96392, 

192.7 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura River. 

Fig. 218. Gerres equulus (KPM–NI 24658, 203.6 mm SL). 

Gerres filamentosus Cuvier, 1829 

[Jpn name: Itohikisagi] (Fig. 219) 




121

62.3 mm SL, mouth of Kurio River; KAUM– 







mm SL, mouth of Kurio River. 

Fig. 219. Gerres filamentosus (KAUM–I. 11488, 42.2 mm 

SL). 

Gerres oyena (Forsskål, 1775) 

[Jpn name: Minamikurosagi] (Fig. 220) 

KAUM–I. 11409, 11.0 mm SL, Kurio Beach; 

KAUM–I. 11411, 8.5 mm SL, Kurio Beach. 



Remarks: Previous records of G. oyena from 

Yaku-shima Island possibly included G. equulus. 

Fig. 220. Gerres oyena (KAUM–I. 11409, 11.0 mm SL). 

FAMILY HAEMULIDAE 

Diagramma picta picta (Thunberg, 1792) 

[Jpn name: Korodai] 

Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Plectorhinchus pictus): 


Remarks: Johnson et al. (2001) regarded it as 

a valid subspecies. 

122 


Parapristipoma trilineatum (Thunberg, 1793) 

[Jpn name: Isaki] 


Plectorhinchus chaetodonoides Lacepède, 1801 

[Jpn name: Chochokoshodai] (Fig. 221) 


Fig. 221. Plectorhinchus chaetodonoides (off Isso, 6 m, 11 

Apr. 2007, S. Harazaki). 

Plectorhinchus chrysotaenia (Bleeker, 1855) 

[Jpn name: Nijikoshodai] 


Plectorhinchus cinctus (Temminck and Schlegel, 1843) 

[Jpn name: Koshodai] 


Plectorhinchus flavomaculatus (Cuvier, 1830) 

[Jpn name: Osharekoshodai] (Fig. 222) 

NSMT–P 77642, 267.6 mm SL, mouth of Kurio 

River. 


Fig. 222. Plectorhinchus flavomaculatus (NSMT–P 77642, 

267.6 mm SL).

Plectorhinchus gibbosus (Lacepède, 1802) 

[Jpn name: Kurokoshodai] (Fig. 223) 


River; KPM-NI 24266, 331.3 mm SL, mouth 

of Miyanoura River; NSMT–P 77639, 359.4 mm 

SL, Kurio. 

Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Plectorhinchus 

niger): Yaku-shima Island. Yonezawa (2003c): 

Yaku-shima Island. Matsunuma et al. (2009): 

mouth of Miyanoura River. 

Fig. 223. Plectorhinchus gibbosus (NSMT–P 77639, 359.4 

mm SL). 

Plectorhinchus lessonii (Cuvier, 1830). 

[Jpn name: Hiregurokoshodai] (Fig. 224) 

FRLM 34694, 266.1 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 

77633, 282.0 mm SL, Nanase. 


Fig. 224. Plectorhinchus lessonii (FRLM 34694, 266.1 mm 

SL). 

Plectorhinchus lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758) 

[Jpn name: Ayakoshodai] 

Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Plectorhinchus goldmammi): 



Plectorhinchus picus (Cuvier, 1828) 

[Jpn name: Ajiakoshodai] (Fig. 225) 




Fig. 225. Plectorhinchus picus (NSMT–P 91951, 443 mm 

SL). 

Plectorhinchus vittatus (Linnaeus, 1758) 

[Jpn name: Musujikoshodai] (Fig. 226) 

FRLM 34723, 349.0 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 

77632, 300.6 mm SL, Nanase. 

Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Plectorhinchus diagrammus): 


as Plectorhinchus orientalis): Kurio. 

Remarks: This species has currently been 

regarded as a senior synonym of Plectorhinchus 

orientalis (Bloch, 1793). 

Fig. 226. Plectorhinchus vittatus (NSMT–P 77632, 300.6 

mm SL). 

Pomadasys quadrilineatus Shen and Lin, 1984 

[Jpn name: Sujimizoisaki] (Fig. 227) 

Senou and Harazaki (2004): Isso. Matsunuma 

et al. (2009): KAUM–I. 25047, 103.8 mm SL, 

mouth of Nagata River; underwater photographs, 

Nagata and mouth of Miyanoura River. 

123

Fig. 227. Pomadasys quadrilineatus (KAUM–I. 25047, 

103.8 mm SL). 

FAMILY NEMIPTERIDAE 

Parascolopsis eriomma (Jordan and Richardson, 1909) 

[Jpn name: Akatamagashira] (Fig. 228) 


Island; KAUM–I. 7410, 242.0 mm SL, Yaku-shima 



Fig. 228. Parascolopsis eriomma (KAUM–I. 7410, 242.0 

mm SL). 

Pentapodus aureofasciatus Russell, 2001 

[Jpn name: Yakushimakitsuneuo] (Fig. 229) 

KAUM–I. 14137, 156.0 mm SL, Shitoko. 

Motomura and Harazaki (2007): KAUM–I. 

35, 150.0 mm SL, Shitoko; KAUM–I. 285, 158.5 

mm SL, off Isso. Motomura and Sakurai (2008): 

KAUM–I. 285, 158.5 mm SL, off Isso. 

Pentapodus caninus (Cuvier, 1830) 

[Jpn name: Kitsuneuo] (Fig. 230) 

Motomura and Harazaki (2007): off Isso. 

Pentapodus nagasakiensis (Tanaka, 1915) 

[Jpn name: Itotamagashira] 


124 


Fig. 229. Pentapodus aureofasciatus (upper two from Motomura 

and Harazaki, 2007; lower two: KAUM–I. 285, 

male, 158.5 mm SL and KAUM–I. 14137, female, 

156.0 mm SL). 

Scolopsis affinis Peters, 1877 

[Jpn name: Himetamagashira] (Fig. 231) 

Scolopsis bilineata (Bloch, 1793) 

[Jpn name: Futasujitamagashira] (Fig. 232) 


KPM–NI 24259, 143.4 mm SL, Yoshida. 



Scolopsis lineata Quoy and Gaimard, 1824 

[Jpn name: Yokoshimatamagashira] 

Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Scolopsis cancellatus): 


Scolopsis monogramma (Cuvier, 1830) 

[Jpn name: Hitosujitamagashira] (Fig. 233)

Fig. 230. Pentapodus caninus (off Isso; from Motomura 

and Harazaki, 2007). 

Fig. 231. Scolopsis affinis (off Isso, 15 m, 15 July 2009, S. 

Harazaki). 

Fig. 232. Scolopsis bilineata (KPM–NI 24259, 143.4 mm 

SL). 


Fig. 233. Scolopsis monogramma (off Isso, 15 m, 15 July 


Scolopsis trilineata Kner, 1868 


Remarks: The underwater photograph shows 

that the fish has scales dorsally on the head reaching 

forward only to above the middle of the eye; 

a forked caudal fin; and a body gray dorsally, 

silvery white ventrally, with distinct stripes on 

the dorsal and upper lateral surfaces of the body. 

The dorsal head squamation and color pattern of 

the photographed individual agree with those of 

Scolopsis trilineata given by Russell (2001) and 

Randall (2005). 

This species has been known in the western 

Pacific, only from Taiwan to Tonga and Australia 

(Shen, 1997; Russell, 2001; Randall, 2005); thus 

the photographed individual taken at Yaku-shima 

Island represents the first record of the species 

from Japan and the northernmonst record for the 

species. No other individuals have been observed 

in the island. 

Fig. 234. Scolopsis trilineata (off Isso, 9 m, 16 Oct. 2009, S. 

Harazaki). 

125

FAMILY LETHRINIDAE 

Gnathodentex aureolineatus (Lacepède, 1802) 

[Jpn name: Nokogiridai] 



Gymnocranius euanus (Günther, 1879) 

[Jpn name: Shirodai] 

Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Gymnocranius affinis): 


Gymnocranius griseus (Temminck and Schlegel, 1843) 

[Jpn: Meichidai] (Fig. 235) 

MUFS 25519, 254.0 mm SL, Yaku-shima 

Island; MUFS 25520, 316.3 mm SL, Yaku-shima 




Remarks: This name has been applied to more 

than one species and is under investigation by Y. 

Iwatsuki (MUFS) and his colleagues. The Yakushima 

Island specimens also include several morphotypes. 

Fig. 235. Gymnocranius griseus (MUFS 25519, 254.0 mm 

SL). 

Lethrinus atkinsoni Seale, 1910 

[Jpn name: Isofuefuki] 

Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Lethrinus mahsena): 


Lethrinus haematopterus Temminck and Schlegel, 1844 

[Jpn name: Fuefukidai] 


126 


Lethrinus harak (Forsskål, 1775) 

[Jpn name: Matofuefuki] 


Lethrinus nebulosus (Forsskål, 1775) 

[Jpn name: Hamafuefuki] (Fig. 236) 

NSMT–P 95399, 179.6 mm SL, Miyanoura. 



Fig. 236. Lethrinus nebulosus (NSMT–P 95399, 179.6 mm 


Lethrinus rubrioperculatus Sato, 1978 

[Jpn name: Hoakakuchibi] (Fig. 237) 




Fig. 237. Lethrinus rubrioperculatus (FRLM 34700, 347.1 

mm SL). 

Monotaxis grandoculis (Forsskål, 1775) 

[Jpn name: Yokoshimakurodai] 



FAMILY SPARIDAE 

Acanthopagrus schlegelii (Bleeker, 1854) 

[Jpn name: Kurodai] (Fig. 238) 

KAUM–I. 11487, 62.3 mm SL, mouth of Mi-

yanoura River; KAUM–I. 11498, 52.2 mm SL, 


60.4 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura River; NSMT– 


400 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 95760, 342.0 mm 

SL, mouth of Miyanoura River; NSMT–P 96013, 

217.5 mm SL, mouth of Nagata River; NSMT–P 



River. 


Shinomiya and Yonezawa (2002): Yaku-shima 

Island. Yonezawa (2003c): Yaku-shima Island. 

Fig. 238. Acanthopagrus schlegelii (NSMT–P 95760, 

342.0 mm SL). 

Acanthopagrus sivicolus Akazaki, 1962 

[Jpn name: Minamikurodai] (Fig. 239) 



Fig. 239. Acanthopagrus sivicolus (NSMT–P 77929, 325 

mm SL). 


Dentex hypselosomus Bleeker, 1854 

[Jpn name: Kidai] 



Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Dentex tumifrons): 


Remarks: Ichikawa et al. (1992) mentioned 

that their D. tumifrons (= D. hypselosomus) might 

be Kibireakarenko, Dentex sp. (= D. abei). 

Pagrus major (Temminck and Schlegel, 1843) 

[Jpn name: Madai] 


Rhabdosargus sarba (Forsskål, 1775) 

[Jpn name: Hedai] (Fig. 240) 

KPM–NI 24663, 99.2 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura; 

NSMT–P 91952, 303 mm SL, mouth of 

Kurio River. 

Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Sparus sarba): Yakushima 


Fig. 240. Rhabdosargus sarba (NSMT–P 91952, 303 mm 

SL). 

FAMILY POLYNEMIDAE 

Polydactylus plebeius (Broussonet, 1782) 

[Jpn name: Tsubamekonoshiro] (Fig. 241) 






KAUM–I. 11410, 41.3 mm SL, Kurio Beach; NS- 

MT–P 77729, 41.0 mm SL, Nagakubo; NSMT–P 

77730, 48.2 mm SL, Nagakubo; NSMT–P 77731, 

41.6 mm SL, Nagakubo; NSMT–P 77732, 44.5 

127

mm SL, Nagakubo; 

Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Polydactylus plebejus): 


Fig. 241. Polydactylus plebeius (KAUM–I. 11410, 41.3 

mm SL). 

FAMILY MULLIDAE 

Mulloidichthys flavolineatus (Lacepède, 1801) 

[Jpn name: Montsukiakahimeji] (Fig. 242) 




Fig. 242. Mulloidichthys flavolineatus (KAUM–I. 20053, 

113.1 mm SL). 

Mulloidichthys vanicolensis (Valenciennes, 1831) 

[Jpn name: Akahimeji] (Fig. 243) 



Parupeneus barberinoides (Bleeker, 1852) 

[Jpn name: Indohimeji] (Fig. 244) 


Remarks: This species occurs in depths of 

10–15 m at Yaku-shima Island. 

128 


Fig. 243. Mulloidichthys vanicolensis (off Isso, 8 m, 19 

Jan. 2010, S. Harazaki). 

Fig. 244. Parupeneus barberinoides (off Isso, 12 m, 17 

Jan. 2010, S. Harazaki). 

Parupeneus barberinus (Lacepède, 1801) 

[Jpn name: Osujihimeji] (Fig. 245) 









Fig. 245. Parupeneus barberinus (KAUM–I. 20045, 57.1 

mm SL).

Parupeneus ciliatus (Lacepède, 1802) 

[Jpn name: Horaihimeji] (Fig. 246) 



94.5 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 11612, 


mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 20048, 103.2 mm 
























KAUM–I. 21781, 76.9 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 

25533, 61.5 mm SL, Yudomari; MUFS 25534, 

61.0 mm SL, Yudomari; MUFS 25535, 66.1 mm 

SL, Yudomari; MUFS 25536, 69.6 mm SL, Yudomari; 

MUFS 25537, 71.0 mm SL, Yudomari; 

MUFS 25538, 68.3 mm SL, Yudomari; MUFS 



SL, Yudomari; MUFS 25542, 79.6 mm SL, Yudomari; 

MUFS 25543, 77.0 mm SL, Yudomari; 



mm SL, Kusugawa; NSMT–P 77621, 223.2 mm 

SL, mouth of Kurio River; NSMT–P 95434, 96.4 

mm SL, Haruo. 



Fig. 246. Parupeneus ciliatus (upper: KAUM–I. 20048, 


Parupeneus cyclostomus (Lacepède, 1801) 

[Jpn name: Marukuchihimeji] (Fig. 247) 


I. 20339, 84.4 mm SL, Isso. 



Fig. 247. Parupeneus cyclostomus (KAUM–I. 20339, 84.4 

mm SL). 

Parupeneus indicus (Shaw, 1803) 

[Jpn name: Kobanhimeji] (Fig. 248) 




129

Fig. 248. Parupeneus indicus (BSKU 96564, 54.9 mm SL). 

Parupeneus multifasciatus (Quoy and Gaimard, 1825) 

[Jpn name: Ojisan] (Fig. 249) 




Island; KAUM–I. 25200, 130.8 mm SL, Isso; 

KAUM–I. 25205, 161.0 mm SL, Onoaida; MUFS 


148.4 mm SL, Yudomari; MUFS 25529, 160.2 



Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. MOSC (2002): Isso, 

Ambo and Kurio. 

Fig. 249. Parupeneus multifasciatus (KAUM–I. 11261, 

150.0 mm SL). 

Parupeneus pleurostigma (Bennett, 1831) 

[Jpn name: Ryukyuhimeji] 



Parupeneus spilurus (Bleeker, 1854) 

[Jpn name: Okinahimeji] (Fig. 250) 


Island; FRLM 34724, 297.4 mm SL, Kurio; 


Island; KAUM–I. 11251, 293.8 mm SL, Yaku- 

130 


shima Island; MUFS 25526, 295.8 mm SL, Yakushima 




Fig. 250. Parupeneus spilurus (MUFS 25526, 295.8 mm 

SL). 

Parupeneus trifasciatus (Lacepède, 1801) 

[Jpn name: Futasujihimeji] 

Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Parupeneus bifasciatus): 


Upeneus tragula Richardson, 1846 

[Jpn name: Yomehimeji] (Fig. 251) 

Remarks: Although this species is common in 

depths of less than 10 m at Yaku-shima Island, no 

specimens have been collected. 

Fig. 251. Upeneus tragula (off Isso, 10 m, 17 Jan. 2010, S. 

Harazaki). 

FAMILY PEMPHERIDAE 

Parapriacanthus ransonneti Steindachner, 1870 

[Jpn name: Kimmemodoki] 



Pempheris japonica Döderlein, 1883 

[Jpn name: Tsumagurohatampo] 

Arai and Ida (1975): Kusugawa [two specimens 

(85–90 mm TL) were reported, but not 

found at NSMT]. Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yakushima 

Island. Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. 

Pempheris schwenkii Bleeker, 1855 

[Jpn name: Minamihatampo] (Fig. 252) 




Fig. 252. Pempheris schwenkii (KAUM–I. 11383, 34.0 mm 

SL). 

Pempheris sp. 

[Jpn name: Ryukyuhatampo] (Fig. 253) 


I. 11357, 106.1 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25612, 

41.4 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25613, 63.5 mm SL, 

Kurio; MUFS 25614, 99.1 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 


mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25623, 41.7 mm SL, Kurio; 

MUFS 25624, 41.0 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 



























mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25659, 101.5 mm SL, 








25669, 121.4 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91372, 

102 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91373, 45 specimens, 

42–112 mm SL, Kurio. 

Fig. 253. Pempheris sp. (KAUM–I. 11357, 106.1 mm SL). 

FAMILY MONODACTYLIDAE 

Monodachtylus argenteus (Linnaeus, 1758) 

[Jpn name: Himetsubameuo] (Fig. 254) 

BSKU 96629, 18.6 mm SL, mouth of Kurio 


Miyanoura River; KAUM–I. 11492, 25.0 mm SL, 



131

I. 11494, 21.2 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura 




39.5 mm SL, mouth of Kurio River; KAUM–I. 

24708, 13.9 mm SL, Ambo. 


Fig. 254. Monodachtylus argenteus (KAUM–I. 11490, 29.4 

mm SL). 

FAMILY KYPHOSIDAE 

Girella leonina (Richardson, 1846) 

[Jpn name: Kuromejina] (Fig. 255) 
















132 




















mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91378, 34 mm SL, Kurio; 

NSMT–P 91498, 20 specimens, 39–59 mm 

SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91500, 60 mm SL, Kurio; 

NSMT–P 91602, 4 specimens, 13–51 mm SL, Nagakubo. 

Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Girella melanichthys): 


Yagishita and Nakabo (2000): ZUMT 40460, 

105.3 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island; ZUMT 41089, 

107.2 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island. MOSC (2002): 

Isso, Ambo and Kurio. 

Remarks: Although species of the genus Girella 

has often been classified as the family Girellidae, 

we treat the species as a member of the family 

Kyphosidae (subfamily Girellinae), following 

Nelson’s (2006) classification. 

Fig. 255. Girella leonina (KAUM–I. 11150, 73.7 mm SL).

Girella mezina Jordan and Starks, 1907 

[Jpn name: Okinamejina] (Fig. 256) 










MT–P 91496, 82 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91497, 


95438, 110.2 mm SL, Haruo. 


Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Yagishita and Nakabo 

(2000): ZUMT 39800, 128.8 mm SL, Yaku-shima 

Island; ZUMT 39801, 153.8 mm SL, Yaku-shima 

Island. MOSC (2002): Yaku-shima Island. 

Fig. 256. Girella mezina (KAUM–I. 11152, 108.7 mm SL). 

Girella punctata Gray, 1835 

[Jpn name: Mejina] 


Yagishita and Nakabo (2000): ZUMT 40461, 70.0 

mm SL, Yaku-shima Island. MOSC (2002): Yakushima 


Kyphosus bigibbus Lacepède, 1801 

[Jpn name: Notoisuzumi] (Fig. 257) 

KPM–NI 22926, 118.9 mm SL, Koseda. 

Kyphosus cinerascens (Forsskål, 1775) 

[Jpn name: Tenjikuisaki] 




Fig. 257. Kyphosus bigibbus (KPM–NI 22926, 118.9 mm 

SL). 

Kyphosus pacificus Sakai and Nakabo, 2004 

[Jpn name: Minamiisuzumi] 

Ichikawa et al. (1992, as K.yphosus bigibbus): 

Yaku-shima Island. Kuniyasu (1999, as Kyphosus 

sp.): Kurio. 

Kyphosus vaigiensis (Quoy and Gaimard, 1825) 

[Jpn name: Isuzumi] (Fig. 258) 


Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Kyphosus lembus): 


Fig. 258. Kyphosus vaigiensis (MUFS 25531, 135.6 mm 

SL). 

Microcanthus strigatus (Cuvier, 1831) 

[Jpn name: Kagokakidai] (Fig. 259) 






Jordan and Starks (1906): Miyanoura [one 

specimen (35 mm TL) was reported, but not found 

133

at CAS or USNM]. Arai and Ida (1975): Kusugawa 

(one specimen was reported, but not found 

at NSMT). Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima 

Island. Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. MOSC (2002): 

Isso, Ambo, Kurio. 

Remarks: Although this species has often been 

classified as the family Microcanthidae, we treat 

the species as a member of the family Kyphosidae 

(subfamily Microcanthinae), following Nelson’s 

(2006) classification. 

Fig. 259. Microcanthus strigatus (upper: KAUM–I. 11128, 


FAMILY CHAETODONTIDAE 

Chaetodon argentatus Smith and Radcliffe, 1911 

[Jpn name: Kagamichochouo] (Fig. 260) 



Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2001): 


134 


Fig. 260. Chaetodon argentatus (BSKU 96600, 74.9 mm 

SL). 

Chaetodon auriga Forsskål, 1775 

[Jpn name: Togechochouo] (Fig. 261) 












Kurio; NSMT–P 95441, 79.5 mm SL, Haruo. 



Yaku-shima Island. MOSC (2002): Yaku-shima 


Fig. 261. Chaetodon auriga (KAUM–I. 11199, 139.6 mm 

SL).

Chaetodon auripes Jordan and Snyder, 1901 

[Jpn name: Chochouo] (Fig. 262) 

BSKU 96663, 49.9 mm SL, Kurio; BSKU 

96664, 51.2 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11168, 43.9 


Yudomari; KAUM–I. 11607, 44.6 mm SL, Ambo; 
















mm SL, Yudomari; MUFS 25553, 21.7 mm SL, 

Yudomari; MUFS 25557, 37.5 mm SL, Yudomari; 















mm SL, Nagakubo; NSMT–P 77742, 18.1 mm 

SL, Nagakubo; NSMT–P 77743, 15.3 mm SL, 



Kurio; NSMT–P 95440, 83.3 mm SL, Haruo. 

Arai and Ida (1975, as Chaetodon collaris): 


MT–P 58093, 51.5 mm SL, Kusugawa. Ichikawa 

et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island. Kuniyasu (1999): 

Kurio. Matsumoto (2001): Yaku-shima Island. 



Fig. 262. Chaetodon auripes (KAUM–I. 11168, 43.9 mm 

SL). 

Chaetodon baronessa Cuvier, 1829 

[Jpn name: Mikadochochouo] 


Matsumoto (2001): Yaku-shima Island. 

Chaetodon bennetti Cuvier, 1831 

[Jpn name: Umizukichochouo] 


Shitoko and Miyanoura. 

Chaetodon citrinellus Cuvier, 1831 

[Jpn name: Gomachochouo] (Fig. 263) 






Chaetodon ephippium Cuvier, 1831 

[Jpn name: Segurochochouo] 



Chaetodon kleinii Bloch, 1790 

[Jpn name: Mizorechochouo] 




135

Fig. 263. Chaetodon citrinellus (KAUM–I. 11194, 36.6 

mm SL). 

Chaetodon lineolatus Cuvier, 1831 

[Jpn name: Nisefuraichochouo] 




Chaetodon lunula (Lacepède, 1802) 

[Jpn name: Chohan] (Fig. 264) 









SL, Kurio; MUFS 25554, 22.8 mm SL, Yudomari; 




Kurio. 



Island. Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto 

(2001): Yaku-shima Island. MOSC (2002): Yakushima 


Chaetodon lunulatus Quoy and Gaimard, 1825 

[Jpn name: Misujichochouo] (Fig. 265) 




136 


Fig. 264. Chaetodon lunula (KAUM–I. 11169, 42.5 mm 

SL). 

Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Chaetodon trifasciatus): 


Matsumoto (2001, as Chaetodon trifasciatus): 


Fig. 265. Chaetodon lunulatus (KAUM–I. 20078, 34.3 mm 

SL). 

Chaetodon melannotus Bloch and Schneider, 1801 

[Jpn name: Akebonochochouo] (Fig. 266) 



Matsumoto (2001): Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 266. Chaetodon melannotus (KAUM–I. 11337, 40.7 

mm SL). 

Chaetodon meyeri Bloch and Schneider, 1801 

[Jpn name: Ogichochouo] 


Matsumoto (2001): Kurio, Shitoko and Miyanoura. 

Chaetodon nippon Steindachner and Döderlein, 1883 

[Jpn name: Shirakodai] 



Chaetodon ornatissimus Cuvier, 1831 

[Jpn name: Hanagurochochouo] 


Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2001): Kurio 

and Isso. 

Chaetodon plebeius Cuvier, 1831 

[Jpn name: Sumitsukitonosamadai] (Fig. 267) 


MT–P 77580, 132 mm SL, Nagata. 




Chaetodon punctatofasciatus Cuvier, 1831 

[Jpn name: Shichisenchochouo] 




Fig. 267. Chaetodon plebeius (KAUM–I. 11335, 122.0 mm 

SL). 

Chaetodon rafflesii Bennett, 1830 

[Jpn name: Amichochouo] (Fig. 268) 




Fig. 268. Chaetodon rafflesii (BSKU 96554, 27.2 mm SL). 

Chaetodon reticulatus Cuvier, 1831 

[Jpn name: Hakutenkatagi] 

Matsumoto (2001): Isso. 

Chaetodon speculum Cuvier, 1831 

[Jpn name: Tonosamadai] 




137

Chaetodon trifascialis Quoy and Gaimard, 1825 

[Jpn name: Yarikatagi] 




Chaetodon ulietensis Cuvier, 1831 

[Jpn name: Sudarechochouo] 



Chaetodon unimaculatus Bloch, 1787 

[Jpn name: Ittenchochouo] 



and Shitoko. 

Chaetodon vagabundus Linnaeus, 1758 

[Jpn name: Furaichochouo] (Fig. 269) 






Ambo; KAUM–I. 20025, 63.7 mm SL, Yudomari; 






25561, 34.2 mm SL, Yudomari; NSMT–P 91586, 

23 mm SL, Yudomari; NSMT–P 95442, 71.7 mm 

SL, Haruo. 




Chaetodon wiebeli Kaup, 1863 

[Jpn name: Tsukichochouo] 


Chaetodon xanthurus Bleeker, 1857 

[Jpn name: Amimechochouo] 


138 


Fig. 269. Chaetodon vagabundus (KAUM–I. 11660, 36.7 

mm SL). 

Forcipiger flavissimus Jordan and McGregor, 1898 

[Jpn name: Fueyakkodai] 


Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2001, as 

Forcipiger longirostris): Yaku-shima Island. 

Hemitaurichthys polylepis (Bleeker, 1857) 

[Jpn name: Kasumichochouo] 



Heniochus acuminatus (Linnaeus, 1758) 

[Jpn name: Hatatatedai] 



Heniochus chrysostomus Cuvier, 1831 

[Jpn name: Minamihatatatedai] 



and Isso. 

Heniochus diphreutes Jordan, 1903 

[Jpn name: Murehatatatedai] 


Isso.

Heniochus monoceros Cuvier, 1831 

[Jpn name: Onihatatatedai] (Fig. 270) 



I. 23523, 41.8 mm SL, Ambo; NSMT–P 77660, 

137.0 mm SL, Miyanoura. 


Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2001): Kurio. 

Fig. 270. Heniochus monoceros (upper: KAUM–I. 11522, 



Heniochus singularius Smith and Radcliffe, 1911 

[Jpn name: Shimahatatatedai] 


Matsumoto (2001): Kurio. 

Heniochus varius (Cuvier, 1829) 

[Jpn name: Tsunohatatatedai] 




FAMILY POMACANTHIDAE 

Apolemichthys trimaculatus (Cuvier, 1831) 

[Jpn name: Shiten-yakko] (Fig. 271) 

NSMT–P 91965, 160.0 mm SL, Isso 




Fig. 271. Apolemichthys trimaculatus (NSMT–P 91965, 

160.0 mm SL). 

Centropyge bicolor (Bloch, 1787) 

[Jpn name: Somewakeyakko] 



Centropyge ferrugata Randall and Burgess, 1972 

[Jpn name: Akaharayakko] (Fig. 272) 



Centropyge heraldi Woods and Schultz, 1953 

[Jpn name: Herarudokoganeyakko] 



139

Fig. 272. Centropyge ferrugata (off Isso, 3 m, 4 Mar. 2005, 

S. Harazaki). 

Centropyge tibicen (Cuvier, 1831) 

[Jpn name: Aburayakko] 




Centropyge venusta (Yasuda and Tominaga, 1969) 

[Jpn name: Sumireyakko] 

Matsumoto (2002, as Holacanthus venustus): 


Remarks: The generic name of this species has 

been confused, having been listed as Centropyge, 

Holacanthus, Paracentropyge, and Sumireyakko 

in various publications over the last 20 years. We 

follow Myers’ (1999) and Pyle’s (2001) generic 

placement for the species. 

Centropyge vrolikii (Bleeker, 1853) 

[Jpn name: Namerayakko] (Fig. 273) 



Island. Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto 

(2002, as Centropyge vrolicki): Yaku-shima 


Genicanthus lamarck (Lacepède, 1802) 

[Jpn name: Tatejimayakko] (Fig. 274) 



140 


Fig. 273. Centropyge vrolikii (NSMT–P 58105, 77.3 mm 


Fig. 274. Genicanthus lamarck (off Isso, 20 m, 19 Jan. 


Genicanthus melanospilos (Bleeker, 1857) 

[Jpn name: Yaitoyakko] 


Genicanthus semifasciatus (Kamohara, 1934) 

[Jpn name: Tosayakko] 


Genicanthus watanabei (Yasuda and Tominaga, 1970) 

[Jpn name: Hirenagayakko] (Fig. 275) 

Fig. 275. Genicanthus watanabei (off Nagata, 25 m, 15 

June 2009, S. Harazaki).

Pomacanthus imperator (Bloch, 1787) 

[Jpn name: Tatejimakinchakudai] (Fig. 276) 


NSMT–P 77648, 182.9 mm SL, Nagata; NSMT–P 

91369, 2 specimens, 13.7–14.2 mm SL, Yudomari. 



Yaku-shima Island. MOSC (2002): Isso, Ambo 

and Kurio. 

Fig. 276. Pomacanthus imperator (KAUM–I. 20109, 171.8 

mm SL). 

Pomacanthus semicirculatus (Cuvier, 1831) 

[Jpn name: Sazanamiyakko] (Fig. 277) 





Kurio; KAUM–I. 11262, 85.1 mm SL, Yudomari; 










MUFS 25574, 67.1 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 

77659, 198 mm SL, Miyanoura; NSMT–P 95439, 



mm SL, Kusugawa. Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku- 


shima Island. Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto 

(2002): Yaku-shima Island. MOSC (2002): Isso, 


Fig. 277. Pomacanthus semicirculatus (upper: KAUM–I. 



Pygoplites diacanthus (Boddaert, 1772) 

[Jpn name: Nishikiyakko] 



141

FAMILY PENTACEROTIDAE 

Evistias acutirostris (Temminck and Schlegel, 1844) 

[Jpn name: Tengudai] 


FAMILY TERAPONTIDAE 

Terapon jarbua (Forsskål, 1775) 

[Jpn name: Kotohiki] (Fig. 278) 






I. 11781, 5 specimens, 11.5–15.3 mm SL, mouth 

of Miyanoura River; KAUM–I. 20050, 63.6 mm 



SL, Ambo; KPM–NI 24278, 233.7 mm SL, mouth 

of Miyanoura River; KPM–NI 24307, 69.2 mm 

SL, mouth of Nagata River; MUFS 25442, 11.8 

mm SL, Matsumine; NSMT–P 77637, 91.5 mm 

SL, Ambo; NSMT–P 77992, 11.8 mm SL, mouth 

of Ambo River. 


Fig. 278. Terapon jarbua (KAUM–I. 11489, 45.2 mm SL). 

FAMILY KUHLIIDAE 

Kuhlia marginata (Cuvier, 1829) 

[Jpn name: Yugoi] (Fig. 279) 




70.8 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–I. 


I. 15421, 46.0 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island; 

142 








mm SL, Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–I. 15431, 




















mm SL, Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–I. 15456, 6.1 





















mm SL, Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–I. 15594,











78.4 mm SL, Ambo River. 

Fig. 279. Kuhlia marginata (KAUM–I. 25049, 78.4 mm 

SL). 

Kuhlia mugil (Forster, 1801) 

[Jpn name: Gin-yugoi] (Fig. 280) 


I. 11116, 19.3 mm SL, Matsumine; KAUM–I. 

11117, 18.9 mm SL, Matsumine; KAUM–I. 




Kurio; MUFS 25435, 17.6 mm SL, Matsumine; 














mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25500, 47.8 mm SL, Ku- 


rio; MUFS 25501, 39.6 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 








mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91367, 106 mm SL, Yudomari; 

NSMT–P 91368, 12 specimens, 49–110 

mm SL, Yudomari; NSMT–P 91653, 41 mm SL, 


SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91683, 15 specimens, 16–52 

mm SL, Kurio. 



Fig. 280. Kuhlia mugil (KAUM–I. 11166, 65.7 mm SL). 

FAMILY OPLEGNATHIDAE 

Oplegnathus fasciatus (Temminck and Schlegel, 1844) 

[Jpn name: Ishidai] 


MOSC (2002): Isso. 

Oplegnathus punctatus (Temminck and Schlegel, 1844) 

[Jpn name: Ishigakidai] (Fig. 281) 

NSMT–P 77649, 220 mm SL, Nagata; NS- 




FAMILY CIRRHITIDAE 

Cirrhitichthys aprinus (Cuvier, 1829) 

[Jpn name: Minamigombe] 


143

Fig. 281. Oplegnathus punctatus (NSMT–P 77649, 220 

mm SL). 

Cirrhitichthys aureus (Temminck and Schlegel, 1842) 

[Jpn name: Okigombe] (Fig. 282) 

Fig. 282. Cirrhitichthys aureus (off Isso, 25 m, 24 June 


Cirrhitichthys falco Randall, 1963 

[Jpn name: Sarasagombe] 


Cirrhitus pinnulatus (Forster, 1801) 

[Jpn name: Isogombe] (Fig. 283) 

NSMT–P 95436, 119.4 mm SL, Haruo. 

Jordan and Starks (1906, as Cirrhitus marmoratus): 

SU 9785, 119.5 mm SL, Yaku-shima 

Island. Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island. 

Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Hayashi (2002): Yakushima 


Remarks: Jordan and Starks (1906) reported 

this species as the first record from Japan on the 

basis of the Yaku-shima specimen. 

144 


Fig. 283. Cirrhitus pinnulatus (NSMT–P 95436, 119.4 mm 


Oxycirrhites typus Bleeker, 1857 

[Jpn name: Kudagombe] (Fig. 284) 

Fig. 284. Oxycirrhites typus (off Nagata, 30 m, 15 June 


Paracirrhites arcatus (Cuvier, 1829) 

[Jpn name: Meganegombe] 


Paracirrhites forsteri (Schneider, 1801) 

[Jpn name: Hoshigombe] 



FAMILY CHEILODACTYLIDAE 

Goniistius zebra (Döderlein, 1883) 

[Jpn name: Migimaki] (Fig. 285) 

NSMT–P 77662, 206 mm SL, Miyanoura. 



Fig. 285. Goniistius zebra (NSMT–P 77662, 206 mm SL). 

Goniistius zonatus (Cuvier, 1830) 

[Jpn name: Takanohadai] (Fig. 286) 





288 mm SL, Nagata; NSMT–P 95411, 120.7 mm 

SL, Kurio. 



Fig. 286. Goniistius zonatus (KAUM–I. 11523, 131.2 mm 

SL). 

FAMILY POMACENTRIDAE 

Abudefduf bengalensis (Bloch, 1787) 

[Jpn name: Tenjikusuzumedai] 


Matsumoto (2004b): Isso. 

Abudefduf notatus (Day, 1870) 

[Jpn name: Isosuzumedai] (Fig. 287) 





SL, Ambo; MUFS 25436, 14 mm SL, Matsumine; 

NSMT–P 91495, 38 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 

91655, 8 specimens, 14–33 mm SL, Kurio; NS- 

MT–P 91679, 27 mm SL, Kurio. 


Matsumoto (2004b): Yaku-shima Island. 

Fig. 287. Abudefduf notatus (KAUM–I. 25058, 28.6 mm 

SL). 

Abudefduf septemfasciatus (Cuvier, 1830) 

[Jpn name: Shichisensuzumedai] (Fig. 288) 



Island. Matsumoto (2004b): Kurio. 

Fig. 288. Abudefduf septemfasciatus (NSMT–P 17862, 

32.5 mm SL, preserved specimen). 

Abudefduf sexfasciatus (Lacepède, 1801) 

[Jpn name: Rokusensuzumedai] (Fig. 289) 


96672, 47.4 mm SL, Kurio; BSKU 96673, 48.8 

mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11208, 24.4 mm 



145






KAUM–I. 22808, 5 specimens, 21.8–28.9 mm 

SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23533, 16.1 mm SL, Ambo. 

Arai and Ida (1975): Kusugawa [three 

specimens (49–53 mm TL) were reported, but 

not found at NSMT]. Ichikawa et al. (1992, as 

Abudefduf coelestinus): Yaku-shima Island. Kuniyasu 

(1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2004b): Isso. 

Fig. 289. Abudefduf sexfasciatus (KAUM–I. 20228, 46.4 

mm SL). 

Abudefduf sordidus (Forsskål, 1775) 

[Jpn name: Shimasuzumedai] (Fig. 290) 





SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 22809, 4 specimens, 18.6– 


SL, Ambo; MUFS 25437, 14.8 mm SL, Matsumine; 

NSMT–P 77566, 25.5 mm SL, Kurio; NS- 

MT–P 77744, 23.8 mm SL, Nagakubo; NSMT–P 



mm SL, Nagakubo; NSMT–P 91355, 17 mm SL, 

Yudomari; NSMT–P 91607, 6 specimens, 14–24 

mm SL, Nagakubo; NSMT–P 91658, 16 specimens, 

11–20 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91680, 24 


Hirauchi. 

Arai and Ida (1975): NSMT–P 17835, 4 

specimens, 16.7–22.8 mm SL, Kusugawa (only 

146 


a single specimen was listed). Ichikawa et al. 

(1992): Yaku-shima Island. Matsumoto (2004b): 

Miyanoura. 

Fig. 290. Abudefduf sordidus (KAUM–I. 11151, 77.6 mm 

SL). 

Abudefduf vaigiensis (Quoy and Gaimard, 1825) 

[Jpn name: Oyabitcha] (Fig. 291) 



mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11127, 30.6 mm 

SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11287, 106.9 mm SL, 




21681, 23.2 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21900, 5 

specimens, 22.2–36.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 

21901, 5 specimens, 23.1–37.7 mm SL, Kurio; 

KAUM–I. 21902, 5 specimens, 21.2–35.7 mm SL, 

Kurio; KAUM–I. 21903, 5 specimens, 15.8–34.0 

mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21904, 5 specimens, 

22.5–31.5 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21905, 5 










Yudomari; MUFS 25551, 111.8 mm SL, Yudomari; 

NSMT–P 17806, 32 specimens, 12.1–38.6

mm SL, Kusugawa; NSMT–P 17841, 2 specimens, 

21.3–27.8 mm SL, Kusugawa; NSMT–P 

91348, 10 mm SL, Yudomari; NSMT–P 91349, 3 

specimens, 16–65 mm SL, Yudomari; NSMT–P 

91362, 12 specimens, 95–103 mm SL, Yudomari; 

NSMT–P 91580, 3 specimens, 18–70 mm SL, 


SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91681, 98 specimens, 14–35 

mm SL, Kurio. 


Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2004b): 

Yaku-shima Island. MOSC (2002): Isso, Ambo 


Fig. 291. Abudefduf vaigiensis (KAUM–I. 20229, 38.7 mm 

SL). 

Amblyglyphidodon aureus (Cuvier 1830) 

[Jpn name: Yamabukisuzumedai] (Fig. 292) 

Fig. 292. Amblyglyphidodon aureus (off Isso, 25 m, 17 

Aug. 2004, S. Harazaki). 


Amblyglyphidodon curacao (Bloch, 1787) 

[Jpn name: Kurakaosuzumedai] 


Matsumoto (2005): Tsumoi. 

Amblyglyphidodon leucogaster (Bleeker, 1847) 

[Jpn name: Namisuzumedai] (Fig. 293) 



Fig. 293. Amblyglyphidodon leucogaster (off Isso, 12 m, 4 

Mar. 2005, S. Harazaki). 

Amphiprion clarkii (Bennett, 1830) 

[Jpn name: Kumanomi] (Fig. 294) 

FRLM 34705, 72.9 mm SL, Yudomari; 


11465, 115.6 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 11466, 


SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 20111, 28.2 mm SL, Yudomari; 

KAUM–I. 20330, 32.6 mm SL, Isso; 


Arai and Ida (1975): Kusugawa (two specimens 

were reported, but not found at NSMT). 


(1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2004b): Isso. 


Amphiprion perideraion Bleeker, 1855 

[Jpn name: Hanabirakumanomi] (Fig. 295) 


Matsumoto (2004b): Miyanoura. 

147

Fig. 294. Amphiprion clarkii (FRLM 34705, 72.9 mm SL). 

Fig. 295. Amphiprion perideraion (off Isso, 5 m, 21 June 


Chromis albicauda Allen and Erdmann, 2009 

[Jpn name: “koganesuzumedai”] (Fig. 296) 


Remarks: “Koganesuzumedai” has long been 

considered to include two distinct species in 

Japan. Recently, Allen and Erdmann (2009) described 

C. albicauda as a new species, closely related 

to C. analis, and they included Japan in the 

distributional range of C. albicauda. Matsumoto 

(2004b) mentioned that the two species occur at 


Chromis analis (Cuvier, 1830) 

[Jpn name: “koganesuzumedai”] (Fig. 297) 



Remarks: see account of C. albicauda. 

Chromis atripes Fowler and Bean, 1928 

[Jpn name: Hiregurosuzumedai] (Fig. 298) 


Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2004b): Kurio. 

148 


Fig. 296. Chromis albicauda (upper: young, off Isso, 30 m, 

26 Dec. 2006, S. Harazaki; lower: adult, off Isso, 20 m, 

29 June 2006, S. Harazaki). 

Fig. 297. Chromis analis (upper: young, off Isso, 25 m, 10 

Dec. 2007, S. Harazaki; middle: subadult, off Isso, 30 

m, 10 Dec. 2007, S. Harazaki; lower: adult, off Isso, 

20 m, 4 July 2007, S. Harazaki).

Fig. 298. Chromis atripes (off Isso, 18 m, 4 Mar. 2005, S. 

Harazaki). 

Chromis chrysura (Bliss, 1883) 

[Jpn name: Amamisuzumedai] 



Chromis delta Randall, 1988 

[Jpn name: Derutasuzumedai] (Fig. 299) 


Fig. 299. Chromis delta (off Isso, 25 m, 4 Mar. 2005, S. 

Harazaki). 


Chromis flavomaculatus Kamohara, 1960 

[Jpn name: Kihoshisuzumedai] 



Chromis lepidolepis Bleeker, 1877 

[Jpn name: Sasasuzumedai] 


Isso. 

Chromis leucura Gilbert, 1905 

[Jpn name: Fukamisuzumedai] 


Chromis margaritifer Fowler, 1946 

[Jpn name: Shikokusuzumedai] (Fig. 300) 




Tsumoi. 

Fig. 300. Chromis margaritifer (KAUM–I. 20289, 49.3 

mm SL). 

Chromis notata notata (Temminck and Schlegel, 1843) 

[Jpn name: Suzumedai] 

Matsumoto (2004b): Tsumoi. 

Chromis ovatiformis Fowler, 1946 

[Jpn name: Marusuzumedai] (Fig. 301) 

Matsumoto (2004b, as Chromis ovatiformes): 

Shitoko. 

149

Fig. 301. Chromis ovatiformis (off Isso, 18 m, 4 Mar. 2005, 

S. Harazaki). 

Chromis retrofasciata Weber, 1913 

[Jpn name: Kuroobisuzumedai] (Fig. 302) 

Remarks: The photographed individual is 

herein identified as C. retrofasciata in having the 

upper and lower caudal-fin rays prolonged as filaments, 

the dorsal head and nape grayish, a blue 

line along the ventral and posterior margins of the 

orbit, and a black bar obliquely running from the 

posterior portion of spinous dorsal fin to the distal 

margin of the middle of anal fin. This species 

has been recorded only from Ishigaki-jima Island 

(KPM–NR 81250), the Okinawa Islands (Aonuma 

and Yoshino, 2002), including Ie-jima Island (Senou 

et al., 2006a) and Irabu-jima Island (Senou et 

al., 2007), and Amami-oshima Island (KPM–NR 

40707). Figure 302 represents the first records of 

C. retrofasciata from Yaku-shima Island and the 

northernmost record for the species. At Yaku-shima 

Island, adults of the species can be observed 

in less than 15 m depth throughout the year. 

Chromis ternatensis (Bleeker, 1856) 

[Jpn name: Kaburayasuzumedai] (Fig. 303) 


Chromis vanderbilti Fowler, 1941 

[Jpn name: Himesuzumedai] 



Chromis viridis (Cuvier, 1830) 

[Jpn name: Debasuzumedai] 


Matsumoto (2004b): Shitoko. 

150 


Fig. 302. Chromis retrofasciata (upper: off Isso, 12 m, 9 

Nov. 2008, S. Harazaki; lower: off Isso, 10 m, 5 Oct. 


Fig. 303. Chromis ternatensis (off Isso, 7 m, 4 Mar. 2005, S. 

Harazaki). 

Chromis weberi Fowler and Bean, 1928 

[Jpn name: Takasagosuzumedai] 



Chromis xanthura (Bleeker, 1854) 

[Jpn name: Monsuzumedai] (Fig. 304) 


Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2004b): Kurio.

Fig. 304. Chromis xanthura (off Isso, 10 m, 25 Feb. 2005, S. 

Harazaki). 

Chrysiptera biocellata (Quoy and Gaimard, 1825) 

[Jpn name: Sujibuchisuzumedai] (Fig. 305) 

Arai and Ida (1975, as Abudefduf biocellata): 


Fig. 305. Chrysiptera biocellata (upper: off Isso, 2 m, 26 

Feb. 2005, S. Harazaki; lower: NSMT–P 17853, 37.7 


Chrysiptera brownriggii (Bennett, 1828) 

[Jpn name: Miyakokisensuzumedai] (Fig. 306) 




10.1 mm SL, Ambo; KPM–NI 24785, 39.0 mm 

SL, Kurio; KPM–NI 24786, 58.8 mm SL, Kurio; 



95454, 47.1 mm SL, Haruo. 

Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Chrysiptera leucopoma): 


as Chrysiptera leucopoma): Kurio. Matsumoto 

(2005): Shitoko. 

Remarks: Chrysiptera leucopoma (Cuvier, 

1830) was regarded by Allen and Bailey (2002) 

and Randall (2005) as a junior synonym of Chrysiptera 

brownriggii. 

Fig. 306. Chrysiptera brownriggii (upper: KAUM–I. 

11134, 20.9 mm SL; lower: NSMT–P 95454, 47.1 mm 


Chrysiptera caeruleolineata (Allen, 1973) 

[Jpn name: Aosujisuzumedai] (Fig. 307) 

Fig. 307. Chrysiptera caeruleolineata (off Nagata, 40 m, 5 

June 2009, S. Harazaki). 

151

Chrysiptera cyanea (Quoy and Gaimard, 1825) 

[Jpn name: Rurisuzumedai] (Fig. 308) 



93173, 12.0 mm SL, Kurio. 

Arai and Ida (1975, as Abudefduf assimilis): 

Kusugawa [one specimens (48 mm TL) was reported, 

but not found at NSMT]. Ichikawa et al. 

(1992): Yaku-shima Island. Matsumoto (2005): 

Miyanoura. 

Fig. 308. Chrysiptera cyanea (KAUM–I. 11192, 33.3 mm 

SL). 

Chrysiptera glauca (Cuvier, 1830) 

[Jpn name: Nezusuzumedai] (Fig. 309) 



11770, 18.0 mm SL, Nagakubo; KAUM–I. 21665, 

72.9 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91684, 20 mm SL, 

Kurio. 


34.9–41.3 mm SL, Kusugawa. Ichikawa et 

al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island. Matsumoto (2005): 

Yudomari. 

Chrysiptera parasema (Fowler, 1918) 

[Jpn name: Shirikirurisuzumedai] 

Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Chrysiptera hemicyanea): 

Yaku-shima Island. Matsumoto (2005): 


Chrysiptera rex (Snyder, 1909) 

[Jpn name: Remonsuzumedai] (Fig. 310) 


Matsumoto (2005): Tsumoi. 

152 


Fig. 309. Chrysiptera glauca (upper: off Isso, 2 m, 16 May 

2008, S. Harazaki; middle: KAUM–I. 11136, 15.5 mm 

SL; lower: KAUM–I. 21665, 72.9 mm SL). 

Fig. 310. Chrysiptera rex (off Isso, 6 m, 4 Mar. 2005, S. 

Harazaki). 

Chrysiptera starcki (Allen, 1973) 

[Jpn name: Senakirurisuzumedai] 


Matsumoto (2005): Senroku.

Chrysiptera tricincta (Allen and Randall, 1974) 

[Jpn name: Misujisuzumedai] 



Chrysiptera unimaculata (Cuvier, 1830) 

[Jpn name: Ichimonsuzumedai] (Fig. 311) 








mm SL, Ambo; KPM–NI 22528, 11.7 mm SL, Yudomari; 

NSMT–P 91594, 13 mm SL, Nagakubo. 



al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island. Kuniyasu (1999): 

Kurio. Matsumoto (2005): Isso. 

Dascyllus aruanus (Linnaeus, 1758) 

[Jpn name: Misujiryukyusuzumedai] (Fig. 312) 






Matsumoto (2004b): Tsumoi. 

Dascyllus reticulatus (Richardson, 1846) 

[Jpn name: Futasujiryukyusuzumedai] (Fig. 313) 



Tsumoi. 

Dascyllus trimaculatus (Rüppell, 1829) 

[Jpn name: Mitsuboshikurosuzumedai] (Fig. 314) 


Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2004b): Miyanoura. 

Neoglyphidodon melas (Cuvier, 1830) 

[Jpn name: Kurosuzumedai] (Fig. 315) 

Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Paraglyphidodon 

melas): Yaku-shima Island. 

Remarks: Adults of this species are very rare 

at Yaku-shima Island. 


Fig. 311. Chrysiptera unimaculata (upper: KAUM–I. 



Fig. 312. Dascyllus aruanus (KAUM–I. 20104, 32.6 mm 

SL). 

153

Fig. 313. Dascyllus reticulatus (off Isso, 12 m, 3 Mar. 


Fig. 314. Dascyllus trimaculatus (off Isso, 15 m, 19 Jan. 


Fig. 315. Neoglyphidodon melas (off Isso, 5 m, 11 June 


154 


Neoglyphidodon nigroris (Cuvier, 1830) 

[Jpn name: Hirenagasuzumedai] (Fig. 316) 

BSKU 96633, 77.4 mm SL, Isso; BSKU 




SL, Yudomari; KPM–NI 22508, 42.8 mm SL, Yudomari; 



Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2005): Isso. 

Fig. 316. Neoglyphidodon nigroris (upper: BSKU 96543, 


lower: KPM–NI 22508, 42.8 mm SL). 

Neopomacentrus taeniurus (Bleeker, 1856) 

[Jpn name: Ribonsuzumedai] 


Neopomacentrus cyanomos (Bleeker, 1856) 

[Jpn name: Kuroribonsuzumedai] 


Plectroglyphidodon dickii (Liénard, 1839) 

[Jpn name: Ishigakisuzumedai] (Fig. 317) 



Remarks: This species is common at Yakushima 

Island and usually occurs in depths of less 

than 5 m. 

Fig. 317. Plectroglyphidodon dickii (upper: off Yudomari, 

5 m, 9 Nov. 2008, S. Harazaki; middle: off Yudomari, 

5 m, 9 Nov. 2008, S. Harazaki; lower: off Nagata, 5 m, 

16 Sept. 2004, S. Harazaki). 


Plectroglyphidodon johnstonianus Fowler and Ball, 1924 

[Jpn name: Rurimeishigakisuzumedai] (Fig. 318) 



Fig. 318. Plectroglyphidodon johnstonianus (off Isso, 7 m, 

10 Nov. 2008, S. Harazaki). 

Plectroglyphidodon lacrymatus (Quoy and Gaimard, 1825) 

[Jpn name: Rurihoshisuzumedai] 



Tsumoi. 

Plectroglyphidodon leucozonus (Bleeker, 1859) 

[Jpn name: Hakusensuzumedai] (Fig. 319) 






17850, 30.7 mm SL, Kusugawa; NSMT–P 91504, 

78 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91505, 4 specimens, 

57–74 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 95415, 86.9 mm 

SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 95435, 82.3 mm SL, Haruo; 


Arai and Ida (1975, as Abudefduf leucozonus): 


Kusugawa. Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima 

Island. Matsumoto (2004b): Yaku-shima Island. 

155

Fig. 319. Plectroglyphidodon leucozonus (upper: off Isso, 

2 m, 26 Feb. 2005, S. Harazaki; lower: KAUM–I. 

11144, 81.8 mm SL). 

Pomacentrus alexanderae Evermann and Seale, 1907 

[Jpn name: Montsukisuzumedai] (Fig. 320) 


Fig. 320. Pomacentrus alexanderae (off Isso, 18 m, 4 Mar. 


Pomacentrus amboinensis Bleeker 1868 

[Jpn name: Nisenettaisuzumedai] (Fig. 321) 


Tsumoi. 

156 


Fig. 321. Pomacentrus amboinensis (off Isso, 6 m, 4 Mar. 


Pomacentrus bankanensis Bleeker, 1853 

[Jpn name: Meganesuzumedai] (Fig. 322) 




Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2005): Shitoko. 

Fig. 322. Pomacentrus bankanensis (upper: off Isso, 5 m, 

25 Feb. 2005, S. Harazaki; lower: KAUM–I. 20103, 

32.6 mm SL).

Pomacentrus chrysurus Cuvier, 1830 

[Jpn name: Ojirosuzumedai] (Fig. 323) 




56.7 mm SL, Yudomari; KPM–NI 22509, 28.8 



Fig. 323. Pomacentrus chrysurus (upper: off Isso, 5 m, 3 

Mar. 2005, S. Harazaki; middle: KPM–NI 22509, 28.8 

mm SL; lower: BSKU 96539, 68.5 mm SL). 


Pomacentrus coelestis Jordan and Starks, 1901 

[Jpn name: Sorasuzumedai] (Fig. 324) 





mm SL, Kusugawa. Matsumoto (2005): Yaku-shima 

Island. MOSC (2002): Isso, Ambo and Kurio. 

Fig. 324. Pomacentrus coelestis (upper: KAUM–I. 20328, 


Pomacentrus lepidogenys Fowler and Bean, 1928 

[Jpn name: Asadosuzumedai] (Fig. 325) 


Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2005): Tsumoi. 

Pomacentrus moluccensis Bleeker, 1853 

[Jpn name: Nettaisuzumedai] (Fig. 326) 

Arai and Ida (1975): Kusugawa (one specimen 

was reported, but not found at NSMT). Kuniyasu 

(1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2005): Isso. 

Pomacentrus nagasakiensis Tanaka, 1917 

[Jpn name: Nagasakisuzumedai] (Fig. 327) 



(as Neoglyphidodon meias) and Isso. 

157

Fig. 325. Pomacentrus lepidogenys (off Isso, 6 m, 4 Mar. 


Fig. 326. Pomacentrus moluccensis (off Isso, 7 m, 4 Mar. 


Fig. 327. Pomacentrus nagasakiensis (off Isso, 7 m, 26 

Feb. 2005, S. Harazaki). 

Pomacentrus nigromarginatus Allen, 1973 

[Jpn name: Nisemontsukisuzumedai] (Fig. 328) 

158 


Fig. 328. Pomacentrus nigromarginatus (off Isso, 18 m, 4 


Pomacentrus phlippinus Evermann and Seale, 1907 

[Jpn name: Firipinsuzumedai] (Fig. 329) 



Fig. 329. Pomacentrus phlippinus (off Isso, 7 m, 4 Mar. 

2005, S. Harazaki).

Pomacentrus vaiuli Jordan and Seale, 1906 

[Jpn name: Kuromeganesuzumedai] 


Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2005): Miyanoura. 


Pomacentrus sp. 

[Jpn name: Minamiisosuzumedai] 

Matsumoto (2005): Yoshida. 

Pomachromis richardsoni (Snyder, 1909) 

[Jpn name: Okinawasuzumedai] 



Stegastes altus (Okada and Ikeda, 1937) 

[Jpn name: Sedakasuzumedai] (Fig. 330) 

NSMT–P 95457, 35.6 mm SL, Haruo; NS- 

MT–P 95464, 101.1 mm SL, Hirauchi; NSMT–P 

95465, 101.3 mm SL, Hirauchi. 



Yoshida. 

Fig. 330. Stegastes altus (NSMT–P 95465, 101.3 mm SL, 


Stegastes fasciolatus (Ogilby, 1889) 

[Jpn name: Fuchidorisuzumedai] 


Stegastes obreptus (Whitley, 1948) 

[Jpn name: Aisuzumedai] (Fig. 331) 

Teixeirichthys jordani (Rutter, 1897) 

[Jpn name: Sujisuzumedai] (Fig. 332) 

Remarks: Very rare; only a single individual 

(Fig. 332) was observed for recent six years at 



Fig. 331. Stegastes obreptus (off Isso, 5 m, 22 Jan. 2010, S. 

Harazaki). 

Fig. 332. Teixeirichthys jordani (off Isso, 20 m, 1 July 


FAMILY LABRIDAE 

Anampses caeruleopunctatus Rüppell, 1829 

[Jpn name: Buchisusukibera] (Fig. 333) 


KAUM–I. 11467, 199.1 mm SL, Isso; NSMT–P 

58125, 43.2 mm SL, Kusugawa. 



Remarks: NSMT–P 58125 (43.2 mm SL) was 

collected by Arai and Ida’s (1975) Yaku-shima 

survey, but it was not listed in Arai and Ida (1975). 

Anampses geographicus Valenciennes, 1840 

[Jpn name: Mushibera] 



Anampses melanurus Bleeker, 1857 

[Jpn name: Kurofuchisusukibera] 


159

Fig. 333. Anampses caeruleopunctatus (upper: KAUM–I. 


mm SL). 

Anampses meleagrides Valenciennes, 1840 

[Jpn name: Hokutobera] 



Anampses neoguinaicus Bleeker, 1878 

[Jpn name: Nyuginiabera] (Fig. 334) 



Fig. 334. Anampses neoguinaicus (off Isso, 15 m, 12 June 


Anampses neoguinaicus Bleeker, 1878 

x Anampses twistii Bleeker, 1856 


Remarks: A hybrid individual; many individuals 

have been observed at Yaku-shima Island. 

Anampses twistii Bleeker, 1856 

[Jpn name: Hoshisusukibera] 



160 


Fig. 335. Anampses neoguinaicus x A. twistii (off Isso, 15 

m, 8 Sept. 2006, S. Harazaki). 

Bodianus anthioides (Bennett, 1832) 

[Jpn name: Hiodoshibera] (Fig. 336) 

Fig. 336. Bodianus anthioides (off Isso, 20 m, 11 Oct. 


Bodianus axillaris (Bennett, 1832) 

[Jpn name: Sumitsukibera] (Fig. 337) 




Fig. 337. Bodianus axillaris (NSMT–P 58108, 38.3 mm 

SL, preserved specimen).

Bodianus bilunulatus (Lacepède, 1801) 

[Jpn name: Kitsunebera] 



Bodianus bimaculatus Allen, 1973 

[Jpn name: Futahoshikitsunebera] (Fig. 338) 

Fig. 338. Bodianus bimaculatus (off Isso, 30 m, 28 May 


Bodianus diana (Lacepède, 1801) 

[Jpn name: Montsukibera] 



Bodianus loxozonus (Snyder, 1908) 

[Jpn name: Hiregurobera] 

Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Bodianus hirsutus): 


Bodianus mesothorax (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) 

[Jpn name: Kesagakebera] (Fig. 339) 



Remarks: Common in depths of 10–15 m at 


Bodianus oxycephalus (Bleeker, 1862) 

[Jpn name: Kitsunedai] 



Bodianus perditio (Quoy and Gaimard, 1834) 

[Jpn name: Takibera] 


Cheilinus chlorurus (Bloch, 1791) 

[Jpn name: Akatemmochinouo] (Fig. 340) 

KPM–NI 22526, 16.0 mm SL, Yudomari. 



Remarks: C. chlorurus is similar to C. trilobatus 

at juvenile stages. The former may be distinguished 

from the latter by having numerous small 

white spots on the anteroventral surface of the 

body. 

Fig. 340. Cheilinus chlorurus (KPM–NI 22526, 16.0 mm 

SL). 

Cheilinus trilobatus Lacepède, 1801 

[Jpn name: Mitsubamochinouo] (Fig. 341) 





Fig. 339. Bodianus mesothorax (off Isso, 15 m, 17 Jan. 

2010, S. Harazaki). Fig. 341. Cheilinus trilobatus (KAUM–I. 20086, 55.1 mm 

SL). 

Cheilinus undulatus Rüppell, 1835 

[Jpn name: Meganemochinouo] 


161

Cheilio inermis (Forsskål, 1775) 

[Jpn name: Kamasubera] 



Choerodon fasciatus (Günther, 1867) 

[Jpn name: Shichisembera] 

Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Lienardella fasciata): 


Choerodon jordani (Snyder, 1908) 

[Jpn name: Kurakakebera] (Fig. 342) 

Fig. 342. Choerodon jordani (off Isso, 12 m, 11 Sept. 2009, 

S. Harazaki). 

Cirrhilabrus exquisitus Smith, 1957 

[Jpn name: Nishikiitohikibera] 


Cirrhilabrus katherinae Randall, 1992 

[Jpn name: Goishiitohikibera] (Fig. 343) 

Fig. 343. Cirrhilabrus katherinae (off Isso, 15 m, 27 Aug. 


162 


Cirrhilabrus katoi Senou and Hirata, 2000 

[Jpn name: Kurenaiitohikibera] (Fig. 344) 

Fig. 344. Cirrhilabrus katoi (off Isso, 35 m, 15 Apr. 2005, S. 

Harazaki). 

Cirrhilabrus lyukyuensis Ishikawa 1904 

[Jpn name: Kuroheriitohikibera] 

Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Cirrhilabrus cyanopleura): 

Yaku-shima Island. Kuniyasu (1999, as 

Cirrhilabrus cyanopleura): Kurio. 

Remarks: Allen et al. (2008) provisionally 

regarded C. lyukyuensis as a valid species, rather 

than a junior synonym of C. cyanopleura (Bleeker, 

1851). 

Cirrhilabrus lunatus Randall and Masuda, 1991 

[Jpn name: Tsukinowaitohikibera] (Fig. 345) 

Fig. 345. Cirrhilabrus lunatus (off Isso, 35 m, 13 Dec. 


Cirrhilabrus melanomarginatus Randall and Shen, 1978 

[Jpn name: Tomoshibiitohikibera] (Fig. 346) 

Kuniyasu (1999, as Cirrhilabrus lanceolatus): 

Kurio.

Remarks: Kuniyasu’s (1999: photo 4-middle) 

Cirrhilabrus lanceolatus Randall and Masuda, 

1991 (Yariitohikibera) is herein re-identified as 

Cirrhilabrus melanomarginatus. 

Fig. 346. Cirrhilabrus melanomarginatus (off Isso, 5 m, 22 

July 2004, S. Harazaki). 

Cirrhilabrus rubrimarginatus Randall, 1992 

[Jpn name: Benihireitohikibera] (Fig. 347) 

Fig. 347. Cirrhilabrus rubrimarginatus (off Isso, 35 m, 21 

Dec. 2004, S. Harazaki). 

Cirrhilabrus temminckii Bleeker, 1853 

[Jpn name: Itohikibera] (Fig. 348) 

Cirrhilabrus sp. 1 


Remarks: This species is undescribed. Common 

in depths of deeper than 30 m at Yaku-shima 



Fig. 348. Cirrhilabrus temminckii (upper and lower: off 

Isso, 25 m, 22 Dec. 2006, S. Harazaki). 

Fig. 349. Cirrhilabrus sp. 1 (upper: off Isso, 35 m, 9 Aug. 

2004, S. Harazaki; lower: off Isso, 35 m, 10 Sept. 


Cirrhilabrus sp. 2 


Remarks: This species is similar to C. katherinae, 

but differs from the latter in having a blue 

stripe along the lateral line (often disappearing 

with condition). Currently known only from the 

Ryukyu Islands and Yaku-shima Island. 

163

Fig. 350. Cirrhilabrus sp. 2 (upper and lower: off Isso, 25 

m, 22 Dec. 2006, S. Harazaki). 

Coris aygula Lacepède, 1801 

[Jpn name: Kammuribera] (Fig. 351) 

KAUM–I. 11591, 112.6 mm SL, Ambo; NS- 




Fig. 351. Coris aygula (upper: KAUM–I. 11591, 112.6 mm 

SL; lower: NSMT–P 77653, 290 mm SL). 

164 


Coris batuensis (Bleeker, 1856–57) 

[Jpn name: Shichisemmusumebera] 

Kuniyasu (1999, as Coris variegata): Kurio. 

Coris dorsomacula Fowler, 1908 

[Jpn name: Sujibera] 



Coris gaimard (Quoy and Gaimard, 1824) 

[Jpn name: Tsuyubera] (Fig. 352) 


KAUM–I. 25204, 214.5 mm SL, Nagata. 




Fig. 352. Coris gaimard (upper: KAUM–I. 20304, 13.7 


Epibulus insidiator (Pallas, 1770) 

[Jpn name: Gichibera] (Fig. 353) 

Fig. 353. Epibulus insidiator (off Isso, 15 m, 24 June 2009, 

S. Harazaki).

Gomphosus varius Lacepède, 1801 

[Jpn name: Kugibera] (Fig. 354) 


MT–P 95445, 70.7 mm SL, Haruo. 




Fig. 354. Gomphosus varius (upper: KAUM–I. 11587, 

73.8 mm SL; lower: off Isso, 6 m, 22 Jan. 2010, S. 

Harazaki). 

Halichoeres argus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) 

[Jpn name: Kumadorikyusen] (Fig. 355) 

Remarks: Common in depths of less than 3 m 

at Yaku-shima Island, but no specimens have been 

collected from the island. 

Fig. 355. Halichoeres argus (upper: female, off Isso, 3 m, 

4 Oct. 2007, S. Harazaki; lower: male, same data as 

upper image). 


Halichoeres biocellatus Schultz, 1960 

[Jpn name: Nishikikyusen] 



Halichoeres chrysus Randall, 1981 

[Jpn name: Koganekyusen] 



Halichoeres hortulanus (Lacepède, 1801) 

[Jpn name: Tokarabera] (Fig. 356) 

BSKU 96609, 33.1 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 


22.4 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 77991, 14.1 mm SL, 

Kurio; NSMT–P 95467, 58.5 mm SL, Hirauchi. 



Fig. 356. Halichoeres hortulanus (BSKU 96609, 33.1 mm 

SL). 

Halichoeres margaritaceus (Valenciennes, 1839) 

[Jpn name: Akanijibera] (Fig. 357) 




SL, Kusugawa. Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. 

Halichoeres marginatus Rüppell, 1835 

[Jpn name: Kanokobera] (Fig. 358) 



21743, 21.5 mm SL, Kurio; KPM–NI 24905, 13.6 

mm SL, Kurio. 

Arai and Ida (1975, as Halichoeres notopsis, 

Hakusembera): NSMT–P 58098, 37.7 mm SL, 

Kusugawa; NSMT–P 58126, 42.2 mm SL, Kusugawa. 



165

Fig. 357. Halichoeres margaritaceus (upper: KPM–NI 

24797, 13.8 mm SL; middle: NSMT–P 58095, 77.1 

mm SL, preserved specimen; lower: male and female 

just before spawning, off Isso, 4 m, 21 Apr. 2009, S. 

Harazaki). 

Fig. 358. Halichoeres marginatus (KAUM–I. 11384, 17.8 

mm SL). 

Halichoeres melanochir Fowler and Bean, 1928 

[Jpn name: Munatembera] (Fig. 359) 

NSMT–P 91661, 14.0 mm SL, Kurio. 



Halichoeres melanurus (Bleeker, 1851) 

[Jpn name: Kazarikyusen] (Fig. 360) 


166 


Fig. 359. Halichoeres melanochir (NSMT–P 91661, 14 


Fig. 360. Halichoeres melanurus (KPM–NI 22501, 77.4 

mm SL). 

Halichoeres nebulosus (Valenciennes, 1839) 

[Jpn name: Inazumabera] (Fig. 361) 



Fig. 361. Halichoeres nebulosus (male and female just before 

spawning, off Isso, 4 m, 21 Apr. 2009, S. Harazaki). 

Halichoeres orientalis Randall, 1999 

[Jpn name: Tsukibera] 



Halichoeres prosopeion (Bleeker, 1853) 

[Jpn name: Munatemberadamashi] (Fig. 362) 


Remarks: Relatively rare at Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 362. Halichoeres prosopeion (off Isso, 10 m, 6 July 


Halichoeres richmondi Fowler and Bean, 1928 

[Jpn name: Goshikikyusen] 


Halichoeres scapularis (Bennett, 1831) 

[Jpn name: Seitembera] 


Halichoeres trimaculatus (Quoy and Gaimard, 1834) 

[Jpn name: Mitsuboshikyusen] (Fig. 363) 




106.3 mm SL, Ambo. 



Fig. 363. Halichoeres trimaculatus (KAUM–I. 11138, 

125.3 mm SL). 

Hemigymnus fasciatus (Bloch, 1792) 

[Jpn name: Shimatarekuchibera] 

Arai and Ida (1975): Kusugawa [one specimen 

(33 mm SL) was reported, but not found at 

NSMT]. Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island. 



Hemigymnus melapterus (Bloch, 1791) 

[Jpn name: Tarekuchibera] (Fig. 364) 



Fig. 364. Hemigymnus melapterus (BSKU 96580, 12.2 mm 

SL). 

Hologymnosus annulatus (Lacepède, 1801) 

[Jpn name: Namerabera] (Fig. 365) 



Fig. 365. Hologymnosus annulatus (upper: off Isso, 5 m, 

20 Jan. 2010, S. Harazaki; lower: off Isso, 15 m, 5 


Hologymnosus doliatus (Lacepède, 1801) 

[Jpn name: Shirotasukibera] 



167

Hologymnosus rhodonotus Randall and Yamakawa, 1988 

[Jpn name: Ayatasukibera] (Fig. 366) 

Fig. 366. Hologymnosus rhodonotus (off Isso, 35 m, 3 Mar. 


Iniistius aneitensis (Günther, 1862) 

[Jpn name: Hagehirabera] (Fig. 367) 

Fig. 367. Iniistius aneitensis (off Isso, 25 m, 6 Sept. 2006, S. 

Harazaki). 

Iniistius pavo (Valenciennes, 1840) 

[Jpn name: Hoshitensu] (Fig. 368) 

BSKU 96611, 21.5 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 

95405, 135.3 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island; NSMT– 

P 95406, 125.3 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island. 

Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Xyrichthys pavo): 


Remarks: Randall and Earle (2002) allocated 

this species to Iniistius from Xyrichtys. 

Iniistius pentadactylus (Linnaeus, 1758) 

[Jpn name: Hirabera] 

Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Xyrichthys pentadactylus): 


Remarks: Randall et al. (2002) considered this 

species to belong to Iniistius. 

168 


Fig. 368. Iniistius pavo (BSKU 96611, 21.5 mm SL). 

Iniistius twistii (Bleeker, 1856) 

[Jpn name: Hinomarutensu] (Fig. 369) 


Island; NSMT–P 95403, 3 specimens, 126.6– 

126.7 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island; NSMT–P 

95404, 174.4 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island. 

Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Xyrichthys twistii): 


Remarks: Randall et al. (2002) considered this 

species to belong to Iniistius. 

Fig. 369. Iniistius twistii (NSMT–P 95402, 145.5 mm SL). 

Iniistius sp. 



Island; NSMT–P 95408, 2 specimens, 138.3- 

139.1 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island. 

Remarks: These specimens are similar to 

Iniistius celebicus (Bleeker, 1856) in coloration. 

However, the former has small scales widely covering 

from the mouth to behind the eye, whereas I. 

celebicus has a few scales only just below the eye. 

These Yaku-shima specimens probably represent 

an undescribed species.

Fig. 370. Iniistius sp. (NSMT–P 95407, 149.4 mm SL). 

Labroides bicolor Fowler and Bean, 1928 

[Jpn name: Somewakebera] (Fig. 371) 

BSKU 96651, 10.1 mm SL, Isso. 



Fig. 371. Labroides bicolor (BSKU 96651, 10.1 mm SL). 

Labroides dimidiatus (Valenciennes, 1839) 

[Jpn name: Honsomewakebera] (Fig. 372) 



20347, 37.7 mm SL, Isso. 



SL, Kusugawa. Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yakushima 

Island. Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. MOSC 

(2002): Isso, Ambo and Kurio. 

Labropsis manabei Schmidt, 1931 

[Jpn name: Manabebera] (Fig. 373) 

Macropharyngodon meleagris (Valenciennes, 1839) 

[Jpn name: Nodogurobera] (Fig. 374) 

Arai and Ida (1975, as Macropharyngodon 

pardalis, Goishibera): NSMT–P 17837, 31.9 mm 

SL, Kusugawa; NSMT–P 58111, 43.3 mm SL, 

Kusugawa. Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima 



Fig. 372. Labroides dimidiatus (upper: KAUM–I. 11458, 


Fig. 373. Labropsis manabei (upper: off Isso, 10 m, 12 

June 2006, S. Harazaki; lower: off Isso, 12 m, 20 Jan. 


Fig. 374. Macropharyngodon meleagris (NSMT–P 58111, 


169

Macropharyngodon moyeri Shepard and Meyer, 1978 

[Jpn name: Usubanodogurobera] (Fig. 375) 

Remarks: This species occurs in depths of 

10–15 m at Yaku-shima Island. 

Fig. 375. Macropharyngodon moyeri (off Yoshida, 15 m, 8 


Macropharyngodon negrosensis Herre, 1932 

[Jpn name: Sejironodogurobera] 


Novaculichthys taeniurus (Lacepède, 1801) 

[Jpn name: Obitensumodoki] 



Oxycheilinus bimaculatus (Valenciennes, 1840) 

[Jpn name: Takobera] (Fig. 376) 




KAUM–I. 20061, 53.4 mm SL, Yudomari; MUFS 

25548, 101 mm SL, Yudomari. 

Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Cheilinus bimaculatus): 


Fig. 376. Oxycheilinus bimaculatus (KAUM–I. 11256, 

98.0 mm SL). 

170 


Oxycheilinus digrammus (Lacepède, 1801) 

[Jpn name: Hohosujimochinouo] 



Oxycheilinus unifasciatus (Steets, 1877) 

[Jpn name: Hitosujimochinouo] (Fig. 377) 

KAUM–I. 25206, 188.0 mm SL, Onoaida. 



Fig. 377. Oxycheilinus unifasciatus (KAUM–I. 25206, 

188.0 mm SL). 

Paracheilinus carpenteri Randall and Lubbock, 1981 

[Jpn name: Kujakubera] (Fig. 378) 

Fig. 378. Paracheilinus carpenteri (off Isso, 30 m, 5 July 


Pseudocheilinus evanidus Jordan and Evermann, 1903 

[Jpn name: Himenisemochinouo] 


Pseudocheilinus hexataenia (Bleeker, 1857) 

[Jpn name: Nisemochinouo] 


(23 mm TL) was reported, but not found at 



Pseudocheilinus octotaenia Jenkins, 1901 

[Jpn name: Yasujinisemochinouo] 


Pseudocoris philippina (Fowler and Bean 1928) 

[Jpn name: Shiratakibera] (Fig. 379) 

Fig. 379. Pseudocoris philippina (off Isso, 35 m, 26 Apr. 


Pseudocoris yamashiroi (Schmidt, 1930) 

[Jpn name: Yamashirobera] 



Pseudodax moluccanus (Valenciennes, 1840) 

[Jpn name: Budaibera] 



Pseudojuloides mesostigma Randal and Randall, 1981 

[Jpn name: Sumitsukiogurobera] (Fig. 380) 

Pseudojuloides severnsi Bellwood and Randall, 2000 

[Jpn name: Aosujiogurobera] (Fig. 381) 

Remarks: Common in deeper than 30 m at 



Fig. 380. Pseudojuloides mesostigma (off Nagata, 45 m, 19 


Fig. 381. Pseudojuloides severnsi (upper: off Isso, 35 m, 4 

Mar. 2005, S. Harazaki; lower: off Isso, 35 m, 3 Mar. 


Pseudolabrus sieboldi Mabuchi and Nakabo, 1997 

[Jpn name: Hoshisasanohabera] (Fig. 382) 



Kuniyasu (1999, as Pseudolabrus japonicus): 

Kurio. 

Remarks: Kuniyasu’s (1999) Pseudolabrus 

japonicus is probably P. sieboldi, rather than P. 

eoethinus (Richardson, 1846). 

Pteragogus enneacanthus (Bleeker, 1853) 


Remarks: A common Japanese species, Pteragogus 

aurigarius (Richardson, 1845), is replaced 

with P. enneacanthus at Yaku-shima Island. Although 

the latter is common in depths of 5–10 m 

at Yaku-shima Island, no specimens have been 

collected. 

171

Fig. 382. Pseudolabrus sieboldi (KAUM–I. 21775, 54.9 

mm SL). 

Fig. 383. Pteragogus enneacanthus (off Isso, 10 m, 3 June 


Stethojulis bandanensis (Bleeker, 1851) 

[Jpn name: Akaobibera] (Fig. 384) 




24792, 17.1 mm SL, Kurio. 



Fig. 384. Stethojulis bandanensis (KAUM–I. 11307, 45.1 

mm SL). 

Stethojulis strigiventer (Bennett, 1833) 

[Jpn name: Harasujibera] (Fig. 385) 




172 












Arai and Ida (1975, as Stethojulis interrupta, 

Kaminaribera): NSMT–P 17807, 5 specimens, 

33.9–40.8 mm SL, Kusugawa; NSMT–P 58097, 

47.4 mm SL, Kusugawa. Ichikawa et al. (1992): 


Fig. 385. Stethojulis strigiventer (upper: KAUM–I. 20114, 


Stethojulis terina Jordan and Snyder, 1902 

[Jpn name: Kaminaribera] (Fig. 386) 



21797, 29.7 mm SL, Kurio. 

Arai and Ida (1975, as Stethojulis interrupta): 

NSMT–P 58132, 56.5 mm SL, Kusugawa. Ichikawa 

et al. (1992, as Stethojulis interrupta terina): 

Yaku-shima Island. Kuniyasu (1999, as Stethojulis 

interrupta terina): Kurio. 

Stethojulis trilineata (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) 

[Jpn name: Onibera] (Fig. 387) 


I. 11158, 36.0 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11382,

Fig. 386. Stethojulis terina (upper: KAUM–I. 20273, 53.6 





21793, 39.7 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91662, 26 



Arai and Ida (1975, as Stethojulis interrupta, 

Kaminaribera): NSMT–P 17805, 15 specimens, 

22.1–67.7 mm SL, Kusugawa; NSMT–P 58099, 

44.1 mm SL, Kusugawa; NSMT–P 58136, 108.3 



Fig. 387. Stethojulis trilineata (upper: KAUM–I. 11158, 

36.0 mm SL; lower: NSMT–P 58136, 108.3 mm SL, 


Suezichthys gracilis (Steindachner and Döderlein, 1887) 

[Jpn name: Itobera] 



Terelabrus sp. 


Remarks: The photographed individual can be 

distinguished from Terelabrus sp. reported from 

Hachijo-jima Island (Senou et al., 2002) and Izuoshima 

Island (Senou et al., 2006b) and Terelabrus 

rubrovittatus Randall and Fourmanoir, 1998 

by having a yellow stripe between red stripes on 

the lateral surface of the body (vs. yellow stripe 

absent in the latter two species). Photographed 

individuals taken off Kume-jima Island, Japan, 

and Bali, Indonesia (deposited at KPM Fish Image 

Database) are identified here as the same species 

with the Yaku-shima Island individual. The 

species is common around 60 m at Yaku-shima 


Fig. 388. Terelabrus sp. (off Nagata, 60 m, 28 Nov. 2009, S. 

Harazaki). 

Thalassoma amblycephalum (Bleeker, 1856) 

[Jpn name: Kogashirabera] (Fig. 389) 







Fig. 389. Thalassoma amblycephalum (KAUM–I. 20275, 

21.7 mm SL). 

173

Thalassoma cupido (Temminck and Schlegel, 1845) 

[Jpn name: Nishikibera] (Fig. 390) 

















SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21892, 10 specimens, 










mm SL, Matsumine; NSMT–P 91360, 119 mm 

SL, Yudomari; NSMT–P 91361, 105 mm SL, 

Yudomari; NSMT–P 91506, 20 specimens, 28–93 


39–65 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91590, 10 specimens, 

47–94 mm SL, Yudomari; NSMT–P 91660, 


91678, 16 specimens, 28–63 mm SL, Kurio; 


Jordan and Starks (1906): USNM 53536, 46 

specimens, 16.1–118.4 mm SL, Miyanoura. Arai 

and Ida (1975): NSMT–P 17809, 19 specimens, 

35.4–118.9 mm SL, Kusugawa. Ichikawa et al. 

(1992): Yaku-shima Island. Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. 


174 


Fig. 390. Thalassoma cupido (KAUM–I. 11142, 96.0 mm 

SL). 

Thalassoma hardwicke (Bennett, 1830) 

[Jpn name: Senasujibera] (Fig. 391) 






KAUM–I. 20272, 47.6 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT– 



91509, 20 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91677, 4 

specimens, 22–35 mm SL, Kurio. 



Fig. 391. Thalassoma hardwicke (KAUM–I. 20272, 47.6 

mm SL). 

Thalassoma jansenii (Bleeker, 1856) 

[Jpn name: Yansennishikibera] 



Thalassoma lunare (Linnaeus, 1758) 

[Jpn name: Otomebera] (Fig. 392) 





Fig. 392. Thalassoma lunare (upper: KAUM–I. 11206, 


Thalassoma lutescens (Lay and Bennett, 1839) 

[Jpn name: Yamabukibera] (Fig. 393) 

Arai and Ida (1975): Kusugawa [one specimens 

(86 mm SL) was reported, but not found 

at NSMT]. Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima 


Fig. 393. Thalassoma lutescens (off Isso, 15 m, 20 Jan. 


Thalassoma purpureum (Forsskål, 1775) 

[Jpn name: Kinubera] (Fig. 394) 




210.1 mm SL, Onoaida; KAUM–I. 25231, 197.0 

mm SL, Isso; KPM–NI 24671, 147.1 mm SL, Onoaida; 

KPM–NI 24672, 195.2 mm SL, Onoaida; 





Fig. 394. Thalassoma purpureum (upper: KAUM–I. 11260, 


Thalassoma quinquevittatum (Lay and Bennett, 1839) 

[Jpn name: Hakobera] 


Thalassoma trilobatum (Lacepède, 1801) 

[Jpn name: Ryugubera] 



FAMILY SCARIDAE 

Calotomus carolinus (Valenciennes, 1840) 

[Jpn name: Taiwambudai] 

Arai and Ida (1975, as Cryptotomus spinidens): 

Kusugawa [one specimen (118 mm TL) 

was reported, but not found at NSMT]. Kuniyasu 

(1999): Kurio. 

Calotomus japonicus (Valenciennes, 1840) 

[Jpn name: Budai] (Fig. 395) 





Cetoscarus bicolor (Rüppell, 1829) 

[Jpn name: Irobudai] 

Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Bolbometopon bicolor): 


175

Fig. 395. Calotomus japonicus (NSMT–P 77657, 250.0 

mm SL). 

Chlorurus bowersi (Snyder, 1909) 

[Jpn name: Omonhagebudai] 


Chlorurus frontalis (Valenciennes, 1840) 

[Jpn name: Onihagebudai] (Fig. 396) 


Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Scarus frontalis): 


Fig. 396. Chlorurus frontalis (FRLM 34714, 339.7 mm 

SL). 

Chlorurus japanensis (Bloch, 1789) 

[Jpn name: Shijukara] (Fig. 397) 


Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Scarus pyrrhurus): 


Fig. 397. Chlorurus japanensis (FRLM 34718, 267.1 mm 

SL). 

176 


Chlorurus microrhinos (Bleeker, 1854) 

[Jpn name: Nan-yobudai] 

Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Scarus gibbus): 


Chlorurus sordidus (Forsskål, 1775) 

[Jpn name: Hagebudai] 

Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Scarus sordidus): 


Scarus chameleon Choat and Randall, 1986 

[Jpn name: Kamereombudai] (Fig. 398) 

Fig. 398. Scarus chameleon (off Isso, 6 m, 14 Feb. 2010, S. 

Harazaki). 

Scarus dimidiatus Bleeker, 1859 

[Jpn name: Kawaribudai] (Fig. 399) 

Fig. 399. Scarus dimidiatus (off Isso, 8 m, 6 Nov. 2007, S. 

Harazaki). 

Scarus festivus Valenciennes, 1840 

[Jpn name: Tsukinowabudai] 


Scarus forsteni (Bleeker, 1861) 

[Jpn name: Ichimonjibudai] (Fig. 400) 


FRLM 34716, 331.5 mm SL, Yudomari; NSMT–P 

77655, 247 mm SL, Kurio. 



Ambo and Kurio.

Fig. 400. Scarus forsteni (upper: FRLM 34715, 328.2 mm 

SL; lower: FRLM 34716, 331.5 mm SL). 

Scarus frenatus Lacepède, 1802 

[Jpn name: Amimebudai] (Fig. 401) 


Fig. 401. Scarus frenatus (off Isso, 10 m, 18 Jan. 2010, S. 

Harazaki). 

Scarus fuscocaudalis Randall and Myers, 2000 

[Jpn name: Ogurobudai] (Fig. 402) 

Fig. 402. Scarus fuscocaudalis (off Isso, 15 m, 15 Mar. 



Scarus ghobban Forsskål, 1775 

[Jpn name: Hibudai] (Fig. 403) 





Fig. 403. Scarus ghobban (KAUM–I. 20056, 100.0 mm 

SL). 

Scarus hypselopterus Bleeker, 1853 

[Jpn name: Kibirebudai] 


Scarus niger Forsskål, 1775 

[Jpn name: Buchibudai] (Fig. 404) 



Fig. 404. Scarus niger (off Isso, 6 m, 22 Jan. 2010, S. 

Harazaki). 

Scarus ovifrons Temminck and Schlegel, 1846 

[Jpn name: Aobudai] (Fig. 405) 







Yudomari; NSMT–P 91365, 33.0 mm SL, Yudo- 

177

mari; NSMT–P 95430, 89.9 mm SL, Haruo. 


Fig. 405. Scarus ovifrons (upper: KAUM–I. 11265, 43.1 


Scarus prasiognathos Valenciennes, 1840 

[Jpn name: Nishikibudai] (Fig. 406) 



95429, 89.7 mm SL, Haruo. 



Scarus psittacus Forsskål, 1775 

[Jpn name: Oumubudai] (Fig. 407) 


Scarus quoyi Valenciennes, 1840 

[Jpn name: Remombudai] 


Scarus rivulatus Valenciennes, 1840 

[Jpn name: Sujibudai] (Fig. 408) 




Scarus rubroviolaceus Bleeker, 1847 

[Jpn name: Nagabudai] 



178 


Fig. 406. Scarus prasiognathos (upper: KAUM–I. 11327, 

26.7 mm SL; middle: NSMT–P 95429, 89.7 mm SL; 

lower: off Isso, 6 m, 15 Feb. 2010, S. Harazaki). 

Fig. 407. Scarus psittacus (upper: KAUM–I. 11464, 126.4 

mm SL; lower: off Isso, 8 m, 14 Feb. 2010, S. Harazaki).

Fig. 408. Scarus rivulatus (NSMT–P 77656, 340.0 mm 

SL). 

Scarus schlegeli (Bleeker, 1861) 

[Jpn name: Obibudai] (Fig. 409) 


KAUM–I. 20092, 40.3 mm SL, Yudomari; NS- 

MT–P 77641, 263 mm SL, Kurio. 



Fig. 409. Scarus schlegeli (upper: KAUM–I. 20092, 40.3 

mm SL; middle: FRLM 34717, 256.3 mm SL; lower: 

NSMT–P 77641, 263 mm SL). 


FAMILY CHAMPSODONTIDAE 

Champsodon sp. 

[Jpn name: Wanigisu-zoku] 

Jordan and Starks (1906, as Champsodon 

vorax): A single specimen, its whereabouts unknown, 

Miyanoura. 

Remarks: Jordan and Starks (1906) reported 

Champsodon vorax Günther, 1867 on the basis of 

a single specimen, but C. vorax has never been 

recorded from Japanese waters and the specimen’s 

whereabouts is unknown. Thus we treat it 

as Champsodon sp. 

FAMILY PINGUIPEDIDAE 

Parapercis clathrata Ogilby, 1910 

[Jpn name: Yotsumetoragisu] (Fig. 410) 



Fig. 410. Parapercis clathrata (off Isso, 10 m, 13 Feb. 


Parapercis cylindrica (Bloch, 1792) 

[Jpn name: Dandaratoragisu] (Fig. 411) 





SL, Kurio; KPM–NI 22541, 72.4 mm SL, Yudomari. 


Fig. 411. Parapercis cylindrica (BSKU 96550, 62.7 mm 

SL). 

179

Parapercis kamoharai Schultz, 1966 

[Jpn name: Kamoharatoragisu] 


Parapercis millepunctata (Günther, 1860) 

[Jpn name: Wanuketoragisu] (Fig. 412) 


Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Parapercis cephalopunctata): 


Remarks: Parapercis cephalopunctata 

(Seale, 1901) is a junior synonym of Parapercis 

millepunctata (see Randall, 2005). 

Fig. 412. Parapercis millepunctata (KAUM–I. 11468, 

145.1 mm SL). 

Parapercis multiplicata Randall, 1984 

[Jpn name: Sangotoragisu] (Fig. 413) 

Fig. 413. Parapercis multiplicata (off Isso, 15 m, 1 Oct. 


Parapercis natator Randall, Senou and Yoshino, 2008 

[Jpn name: Oyogitoragisu] (Fig. 414) 

Randall et al. (2008): KPM–NR 88527, Yakushima 

Island; KPM–NR 88528, Yaku-shima Island. 

180 


Fig. 414. Parapercis natator (off Isso, 35 m, 23 Aug. 2004, 

S. Harazaki; upper and lower, male and female respectively). 

Parapercis pacifica Imamura and Yoshino, 2007 

[Jpn name: Ogurotoragisu] (Fig. 415) 

Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Parapercis polyophthalma): 

Yaku-shima Island. Kuniyasu (1999): 

Kurio. Motomura and Sakurai (2008): Isso. 

Remarks: Imamura and Yoshino (2007) regarded 

that Parapercis polyophthalma (Cuvier, 

1829) is a junior synonym of an Indian Ocean 

species, Parapercis hexophtalma (Cuvier, 1829). 

Fig. 415. Parapercis pacifica (off Isso; from Motomura 

and Sakurai, 2008). 

Parapercis schauinslandii (Steindachner, 1900) 

[Jpn name: Hawaitoragisu] (Fig. 416)

Fig. 416. Parapercis schauinslandii (off Isso, 30 m, 13 

Apr. 2005, S. Harazaki). 

Parapercis snyderi Jordan and Starks, 1905 

[Jpn name: Koraitoragisu] (Fig. 417) 

Fig. 417. Parapercis snyderi (off Isso, 30 m, 18 Oct. 2005, 

S. Harazaki). 

Parapercis tetracantha (Lacepède, 1801) 

[Jpn name: Madaratoragisu] (Fig. 418) 





Fig. 418. Parapercis tetracantha (upper: KAUM–I. 20286, 



FAMILY TRICHONOTIDAE 

Trichonotus sp. 

[Jpn name: Beragimpo] (Fig. 419) 


96646, 108.4 mm SL, Isso; BSKU 96647, 43.8 

mm SL, Isso; BSKU 96648, 30.0 mm SL, Isso; 



mm SL, Isso; KPM–NI 22584, 87.9 mm SL, Isso. 

Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Trichonotus setigerus): 

Yaku-shima Island. Kuniyasu (1999, as 

Trichonotus setiger): Kurio. 

Remarks: This species currently identified 

as Trichonotus setiger by many authors has been 

studied by E. Katayama of Kochi University, Japan. 

Fig. 419. Trichonotus sp. (upper: KAUM–I. 20382, male, 

127.6 mm SL; lower: KAUM–I. 20381, female, 95.5 

mm SL). 

FAMILY CREEDIIDAE 

Limnichthys fasciatus Waite, 1904 

[Jpn name: Tobigimpo] (Fig. 420) 



Fig. 420. Limnichthys fasciatus (KPM–NI 22548, 40.7 mm 

SL). 

181

Limnichthys orientalis Yoshino, Kon and Okabe, 1999 

[Jpn name: Sangotobigimpo] (Fig. 421) 


20312, 14.4 mm SL, Kurio. 

Remarks: This species was originally described 

from the Yaeyama Islands and Kuchierabu 

Island. No specimens have been recorded from 

Japanese waters since the original description. 

Fig. 421. Limnichthys orientalis (BSKU 96616, 22.3 mm 

SL). 

FAMILY URANOSCOPIDAE 

Uranoscopus bicinctus Temminck and Schlegel, 1843 

[Jpn name: Meganeuo] (Fig. 422) 

Fig. 422. Uranoscopus bicinctus (off Isso, 25 m, 3 June 


FAMILY TRIPTERYGIIDAE 

Enneapterygius bahasa Fricke, 1997 

[Jpn name: Gomafuhebigimpo] (Fig. 423) 


Kuniyasu (1999, as Enneapterygius hemimelas): 

Kurio. 

Remarks: “Gomafuhebigimpo” has long been 

treated as E. hemimelas by Japanese authors (e.g., 

Hayashi, 2002). Shimojyo and Hayashi (2000) 

and Motomura et al. (2005) reidentified the Japanese 

E. hemimelas as E. bahasa. 

Fig. 423. Enneapterygius bahasa (NSMT–P 95450, 30.9 


182 


Enneapterygius etheostoma (Jordan and Snyder, 1902) 

[Jpn name: Hebigimpo] (Fig. 424) 



mm SL, Kurio; BSKU 96883, 23.4 mm SL, Kurio; 




Isso; KAUM–I. 3074, 41.5 mm SL, Hirauchi; 

KAUM–I. 3075, 39.7 mm SL, Hirauchi; KAUM– 

I. 3076, 42.8 mm SL, Hirauchi; KAUM–I. 3077, 

40.1 mm SL, Hirauchi; KAUM–I. 11115, 29.6 

mm SL, Matsumine; KAUM–I. 11230, 40.4 mm 















SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 11573, 22.6 mm SL, Ambo; 




















SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21618, 43.4 mm SL, Kurio;








































SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 77911, 29.2 mm SL, Kurio; 






Kurio; NSMT–P 91364, 23.8 mm SL, Yudomari; 


Kurio; NSMT–P 91579, 45 specimens, 22.0–31.1 


mm SL, Kurio. 

Arai and Ida (1975, as Tripterygion etheostoma): 


mm SL, Kusugawa. Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Enneapterygius 

etheostomus): Yaku-shima Island. 

Remarks: The specific name etheostomus is 

in error because the original description used the 

name, etheostoma, as a noun in apposition (Motomura 

et al., 2005), although many authors have 

used the former for the species. 

Fig. 424. Enneapterygius etheostoma (upper: KAUM–I. 

21643, 41.4 mm SL; lower: off Isso, 6 m, 29 Jan. 


Enneapterygius hemimelas (Kner and Steindachner, 1867) 

[Jpn name: Akegoromohebigimpo] (Fig. 425) 

Meguro and Motomura (2010): KAUM–I. 



SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21659, 22.8 mm SL, Kurio. 

Remarks: Previous Japanese records of E. 

hemimelas were based on mis-identifications of 

E. bahasa or E. flavoccipitis Shen, 1994 and true 

E. hemimelas was reported from Yaku-shima Island 

by Meguro and Motomura (2010) as the first 

Japanese records of the species. 

Enneapterygius leucopunctatus Shen, 1994 

[Jpn name: Hakutenhebigimpo] (Fig. 426) 

Endo et al. (2010): KAUM–I. 21837, 26.4 mm 


183

Fig. 425. Enneapterygius hemimelas (KAUM–I. 11353, 

19.3 mm SL). 

Remarks: Fricke (1997) synonymized E. leucopunctatus 

with E. vexillarius Fowler, 1946, but 

Chiang and Chen (2008) regarded the former as a 

valid species. Endo et al. (2010) reported E. leucopunctatus 

as the first records from Japan on the 

basis of 17 specimens, including two specimens 

from Yaku-shima Island. 

Fig. 426. Enneapterygius leucopunctatus (upper: KAUM– 

I. 21838, male, 25.2 mm SL; lower: KAUM–I. 21837, 

female, 26.4 mm SL). 

Enneapterygius philippinus (Peters, 1868) 

[Jpn name: Kusagimpo] (Fig. 427) 








SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11529, 22.6 mm SL, Ambo; 




184 












Remarks: Although this species has long 

been treated as E. minutus (Günther, 1877) (e.g., 

Yoshino, 1984; Fricke, 1994a, b; Hayashi, 2002), 

Fricke (1997) regarded it as a junior synonym of E. 

philippinus. 

Fig. 427. Enneapterygius philippinus (upper: KAUM–I. 

11244, 20.9 mm SL; middle: off Shitoko, 1 m, 13 Dec. 

2009, S. Harazaki; lower: off Haruta, 1 m, 30 May, 

2008, S. Harazaki).

Enneapterygius tutuilae Jordan and Seale, 1906 

[Jpn name: Segurohebigimpo] (Fig. 428) 


I. 4043, 13.6 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 4044, 15.0 

mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 4045, 11.0 mm SL, Isso; 






























Remarks: “Shimahirehebigimpo” (E. mirabilis 

Fricke, 1994) was first recorded from Japan 

by Shimojyo and Hayashi (2000). However, 

characters of Shimojyo and Hayashi’s (2000) E. 

mirabilis are within the variation of characters for 

E. tutuilae; thus, their E. mirabilis is most likely 

to be identified as E. tutuilae (M. Meguro, unpub. 

data). 

Enneapterygius sp. 1 




mm SL, Kurio; BSKU 96888, 19.3 mm SL, Ku- 


Fig. 428. Enneapterygius tutuilae (upper: KAUM–I. 4071, 

16.9 mm SL; lower: same individual with the above, 

KAUM–I. 4071, off Isso, 7 m, 26 Apr. 2007, S. Harazaki). 

rio; BSKU 96889, 20.8 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 











SL, Kurio; KPM–NI 22581, 21.4 mm SL, Isso. 

Remarks: This species is similar to E. bahasa 

and E. erythrosomus Shen, 1994 in overall body 

appearance and general coloration, with distinct 

black blotches on the pectoral-fin base. However, 

Enneapterygius sp. 1 has a single symphyseal 

mandibular pore, whereas E. bahasa has 2–8 

pores. The body, including head and fins, of mature 

males of Enneapterygius sp. 1 is uniformly 

black, but the trunk of mature male E. bahasa is 

never black. Enneapterygius sp. 1 is most likely 

to be E. erythrosomus (currently known only from 

Taiwan; Chiang and Chen, 2008), but comparison 

of mature male coloration of the two is required. 

185

Fig. 429. Enneapterygius sp. 1 (upper: KAUM–I. 11352, 

28.4 mm SL; middle: off Isso, 6 m, 16 Mar. 2009, S. 

Harazaki; lower: off Yoshida, 4 m, 1 Apr. 2005, S. 

Harazaki). 








mm SL, Isso. 

Remarks: This species is probably undescribed. 




I. 21819, 19.3 mm SL, Isso. 

Remarks: This species is probably an undescribed 

species. 

186 



20.1 mm SL; lower: same individual with the above, 

KAUM–I. 4168, off Isso, 1.5 m, 27 Apr. 2007, S. 

Harazaki). 


16.2 mm SL; middle: off Isso, 6 m, 19 Feb. 2006, S. 

Harazaki; lower: off Isso, 5 m, 18 Oct. 2009, S. Harazaki).

















21818, 14.2 mm SL, Isso. 

Remarks: This species is an undescribed species 

closely related to E. tutuilae, and is to be described 

by Meguro et al. (in prep.). 


16.2 mm SL; lower: KAUM–I. 4042, off Isso, 30 m, 

22 Apr. 2007, S. Harazaki). 







Remarks: This species is similar to E. leucopunctatus 

in overall body appearance and 

meristic ranges of the two completely overlap. 

However, the two species can be distinguished by 


coloration of mature males, including black and 

white vertical bands at the caudal-fin base (see 

Figs. 420, 427). Enneapterygius sp. 5 is most likely 

to be an undescribed species, and is currently 

studied by H. Endo (BSKU) and his colleagues. 

Helcogramma inclinata (Fowler, 1946) 

[Jpn name: Ayahebigimpo] (Fig. 434) 


96572, 33.1 mm SL, Yudomari; BSKU 96637, 

33.7 mm SL, Isso; BSKU 96638, 34.9 mm SL, 

Isso; BSKU 96679, 29.4 mm SL, Kurio; BSKU 




















SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 20192, 28.5 mm SL, Yudomari; 








95423, 45.2 mm SL, Hirauchi; NSMT–P 95452, 

49.3 mm SL, Haruo; NSMT–P 95447, 44.5 mm 

SL, Haruo. 

Kuniyasu (1999, as Helcogramma fuscopinna): 

Kurio. Motomura et al. (2006): KAUM–I. 34, 

45.0 mm SL, Isso. Motomura (2007): Yoshida. 

Remarks: Motomura et al. (2006) assessed 

Japanese name for this species and described new 

diagnostic characters of the species. 

187

Fig. 433. Enneapterygius sp. 5 (upper to lower: BSKU 

96622, male, 23.2 mm SL; BSKU 96619, female, 26.5 

mm SL; KAUM–I. 3072, 29.5 mm SL, off Isso, 5 Feb. 

2006, S. Harazaki; last two images: off Hirauchi, 2 m, 

16 Feb. 2005, S. Harazaki). 

188 


Fig. 434. Helcogramma inclinata (upper: BSKU 96558, 

35.4 mm SL; middle: off Yoshida, after Motomura 

et al., 2006; lower: off Yoshida, 5 m, 1 Apr. 2005, S. 

Harazaki). 

Helcogramma obtusirostre (Klunzinger, 1871) 

[Jpn name: Kuromasuku] (Fig. 435) 









KAUM–I. 11764, 21.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–




NSMT–P 91381, 43.2 mm SL, Kurio;. 

Remarks: Hayashi (2002) described this species 

as H. obtusirostris in error (instead of H. obtusirostre). 

Fig. 435. Helcogramma obtusirostre (upper: KAUM–I. 

11361, 27.2 mm SL; middle: off Yoshida, 3 m, 22 Feb. 

2006, S. Harazaki; lower: off Isso, 3 m, 27 Nov. 2004, 

S. Harazaki). 

Helcogramma rhinoceros Hansen, 1986 

[Jpn name: Tenguhebigimpo] (Fig. 436) 

Helcogramma striata Hansen, 1986 

[Jpn name: Tatejimahebigimpo] (Fig. 437) 




Fig. 436. Helcogramma rhinoceros (upper: male, off 

Yoshida, 3 m, 19 Oct. 2009, S. Harazaki; lower: female, 

off Yoshida, 3 m, 17 Jan. 2010, S. Harazaki). 

Fig. 437. Helcogramma striata (upper: KAUM–I. 20174, 

20.9 mm SL; lower: off Isso, 10 m, 9 Feb. 2009, S. 

Harazaki). 

Norfolkia brachylepis (Schultz, 1960) 

[Jpn name: Kokutennisehebigimpo] (Fig. 438) 






189

Fig. 438. Norfolkia brachylepis (KAUM–I. 11398, 43.8 

mm SL). 

Norfolkia thomasi Whitley, 1964 

[Jpn name: Nisehebigimpo] (Fig. 439) 



mm SL, Kurio. 

Fig. 439. Norfolkia thomasi (KAUM–I. 20257, 25.5 mm 

SL). 

Ucla xenogrammus Holleman, 1993 

[Jpn name: Kasurihebigimpo] (Fig. 440) 

Fig. 440. Ucla xenogrammus (upper: off Isso, 10 m, 16 

Jan. 2010, S. Harazaki; lower: off Isso, 10 m, 17 Jan. 


190 


FAMILY BLENNIIDAE 

Andamia tetradactylus (Bleeker, 1858) 

[Jpn name: Yodarekake] (Fig. 441) 

KPM–NI 22758, 60.2 mm SL, Isso; KPM–NI 

22759, 57.7 mm SL, Isso; KPM–NI 22767, 39.9 

mm SL, Isso; KPM–NI 22768, 50.6 mm SL, Isso; 











22938, 81.6 mm SL, Isso; NSMT–P 77622, 87.7 

mm SL, mouth of Kurio River; NSMT–P 77623, 


MOSC (2002): Isso. 

Fig. 441. Andamia tetradactylus (upper: KPM–NI 22937, 

male, 68.5 mm SL; lower: KPM–NI 22856, female, 

55.3 mm SL). 

Aspidontus dussumieri (Valenciennes, 1836) 

[Jpn name: Kurosujigimpo] 


Aspidontus taeniatus taeniatus Quoy and Gaimard, 1834 

[Jpn name: Nisekurosujigimpo] 


Blenniella chrysospilos (Bleeker, 1857) 

[Jpn name: Montsukikaeruuo] (Fig. 442) 

Blenniella periophthalmus (Valenciennes, 1836) 

[Jpn name: Hanakaeruuo] (Fig. 443) 

KPM–NI 22884, 90.7 mm SL, Ambo.

Fig. 442. Blenniella chrysospilos (off Isso, 5 m, 16 May 


Fig. 443. Blenniella periophthalmus (KPM–NI 22884, 90.7 

mm SL). 

Cirripectes filamentosus (Alleyne and Macleay, 1877) 

[Jpn name: Oborogetategamikaeruuo] (Fig. 444) 

Murase et al. (2009): KAUM–I. 11586, 52.5 

mm SL, Ambo. 

Remarks: This specimen from Yaku-shima 

Island was reported by Murase et al. (2009) as the 

first Japanese record and northernmost record in 

the western Pacific Ocean of C. filamentosus. 

Fig. 444. Cirripectes filamentosus (KAUM–I. 11586, 52.5 

mm SL). 


Cirripectes kuwamurai Fukao, 1984 

[Jpn name: Sujitategamikaeruuo] 


Cirripectes polyzona (Bleeker, 1868) 

[Jpn name: Minokaeruuo] 


Ecsenius bicolor (Day, 1888) 

[Jpn name: Futairokaeruuo] 


Ecsenius lineatus Klausewitz, 1962 

[Jpn name: Hitosujigimpo] 


Ecsenius midas Starck, 1969 

[Jpn name: Hanadaigimpo] (Fig. 445) 

Remarks: In Japanese waters, this species 

has been recorded only from southern part of the 

Ryukyu Island. The photograph (Fig. 439) represents 

the northernmost record for the species. 

Relatively rare at Yaku-shima Island; subadults 

were observed at 15 m off Kurio and 10 m off Nagata 

by S. Harazaki. 

Fig. 445. Ecsenius midas (off Isso, 25 m, 15 July 2009, S. 

Harazaki). 

Ecsenius namiyei (Jordan and Evermann, 1902) 

[Jpn name: Niramigimpo] (Fig. 446) 

Ecsenius oculus Springer, 1971 

[Jpn name: Goishigimpo] (Fig. 447) 

191

Fig. 446. Ecsenius namiyei (off Isso, 10 m, 11 Sept. 2009, S. 

Harazaki). 

Fig. 447. Ecsenius oculus (off Nagata, 5 m, 19 Nov. 2009, S. 

Harazaki). 

Ecsenius yaeyamaensis (Aoyagi, 1954) 

[Jpn name: Ishigakikaeruuo] (Fig. 448) 



Fig. 448. Ecsenius yaeyamaensis (BSKU 96568, 22.9 mm 

SL). 

Enchelyurus kraussii (Klunzinger, 1871) 

[Jpn name: Kurogimpo] (Fig. 449) 



mm SL, Kusugawa. 

192 


Fig. 449. Enchelyurus kraussii (upper: NSMT–P 17860, 

23.6 mm SL, preserved specimen; lower: NSMT–P 


Entomacrodus caudofasciatus (Regan, 1909) 

[Jpn name: Aomongimpo] (Fig. 450) 


Fig. 450. Entomacrodus caudofasciatus (NSMT–P 95444, 

40.2 mm SL). 

Entomacrodus striatus (Valenciennes, 1836) 

[Jpn name: Sujigimpo] (Fig. 451) 



91374, 60 mm SL, Kurio. 

Fig. 451. Entomacrodus striatus (KAUM–I. 20269, 65.3 

mm SL). 

Entomacrodus thalassinus thalassinus (Jordan and Seale, 1906) 

[Jpn name: Gotenkaeruuo] (Fig. 452) 

KPM–NI 24787, 30.9 mm SL, Kurio; KPM– 

NI 24788, 35.8 mm SL, Kurio.

Fig. 452. Entomacrodus thalassinus thalassinus (KPM–NI 

24788, 35.8 mm SL). 

Istiblennius dussumieri (Valenciennes, 1836) 

[Jpn name: Kaeruuomodoki] (Fig. 453) 




mm SL, Nagakubo. 

Fig. 453. Istiblennius dussumieri (upper: KAUM–I. 25051, 

male, 51.6 mm SL; lower: KAUM–I. 25059, female, 

35.0 mm SL). 

Istiblennius edentulus (Forster and Schneider, 1801) 

[Jpn name: Nisekaeruuo] (Fig. 454) 









SL, Nagakubo; NSMT–P 91629, 3 specimens, 

45–62 mm SL, Kurio; USNM 317438, 56.2 mm 

SL. 


Fig. 454. Istiblennius edentulus (upper: KAUM–I. 11338, 

male, 108.5 mm SL; lower: KAUM–I. 11530, female, 

67.5 mm SL). 

Istiblennius enosimae (Jordan and Snyder, 1902) 

[Jpn name: Kaeruuo] (Fig. 455) 





SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 20258, 101.8 mm SL, 



91605, 80 mm SL, Nagakubo; NSMT–P 95462, 


Jordan and Starks (1906, as Salarias enosimae): 

SU 9779, 2 specimens, 93.4–124.9 mm SL, 

Miyanoura. Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima 


Remarks: Jordan and Starks (1906) referred 

to “numerous specimens collected at Miyanoura, 

Yakushima, and at Tanegashima”, but only two 

specimens from Yaku-shima Island exist at the 

California Academy of Sciences. 

Fig. 455. Istiblennius enosimae (KAUM–I. 21805, 112.0 

mm SL). 

193

Istiblennius lineatus (Valenciennes, 1836) 

[Jpn name: Senkaeruuo] (Fig. 456) 

KPM–NI 24798, 30.0 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT– 

P 77990, 5 specimens, 20.2–28.0 mm SL, Kurio. 



NSMT]. 

Fig. 456. Istiblennius lineatus (KPM–NI 24798, 30.0 mm 

SL). 

Meiacanthus atrodorsalis (Günther, 1877) 

[Jpn name: Ogonnijigimpo] 


Meiacanthus ditrema Smith-Vaniz, 1976 

[Jpn name: Satsukigimpo] 


Meiacanthus grammistes (Valenciennes, 1836) 

[Jpn name: Higenijigimpo] (Fig. 457) 

Fig. 457. Meiacanthus grammistes (off Isso, 6 m, 5 Nov. 


Meiacanthus kamoharai Tomiyama, 1956 

[Jpn name: Kamoharagimpo] (Fig. 458) 






194 


Fig. 458. Meiacanthus kamoharai (KAUM–I. 20145, 53.5 

mm SL). 

Nannosalarias nativitatus (Regan, 1909) 

[Jpn name: Hinagimpo] (Fig. 459) 

Fig. 459. Nannosalarias nativitatus (off Nagata, 4 m, 5 


Omobranchus loxozonus (Jordan and Starks, 1906) 

[Jpn name: Kumogimpo] (Fig. 460) 





















SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 11688, 39.2 mm SL, Ambo;















18.7 mm SL, Ambo; NSMT–P 77567, 48.2 mm 

SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 77752, 23.5 mm SL, Nagakubo; 




al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island. 

Fig. 460. Omobranchus loxozonus (KAUM–I. 11570, 44.4 

mm SL). 

Petroscirtes breviceps (Valenciennes, 1836) 

[Jpn name: Nijigimpo] 


Petroscirtes mitratus Rüppell, 1830 

[Jpn name: Hatatategimpo] (Fig. 461) 


KAUM–I. 20022, 52 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM– 

I. 20023, 43 mm SL, Yudomari. 

Plagiotremus laudandus laudandus (Whitley, 1961) 

[Jpn name: Inasegimpo] 




Fig. 461. Petroscirtes mitratus (BSKU 96555, 31.5 mm 

SL). 

Plagiotremus rhinorhijnchos (Bleeker, 1852) 

[Jpn name: Minamigimpo] (Fig. 462) 

Arai and Ida (1975, as Runula rhinorhijnchos): 



(1999): Kurio. 

Fig. 462. Plagiotremus rhinorhijnchos (NSMT–P 17848, 


Plagiotremus tapeinosoma (Bleeker, 1857) 

[Jpn name: Tenkurosujigimpo] 


Praealticus margaritarius (Snyder, 1908) 

[Jpn name: Tamagimpo] (Fig. 463) 
















195

















































196 

















































25513, 62.0 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 77735, 55.5

mm SL, Nagakubo; NSMT–P 77736, 58.4 mm 



NSMT–P 91363, 47 mm SL, Yudomari; NSMT– 

P 91371, 60 specimens, 22–59 mm SL, Kurio; 





16–25 mm SL, Kurio; USNM 313686, 19 

specimens, 39.1–63.3 mm SL, Miyanoura. 


specimens, 23.3–50.7 mm SL, Kusugawa; NS- 

MT–P 17829, 2 specimens, 58.5–63.0 mm SL, 

Kusugawa; NSMT–P 17857, 3 specimens, 47.1– 

60.1 mm SL, Kusugawa. MOSC (2002): Ambo 


Fig. 463. Praealticus margaritarius (KAUM–I. 11221, 

57.0 mm SL). 

Praealticus striatus Bath, 1992 

[Jpn name: Kabukigimpo] (Fig. 464) 

FRLM 34688, 53.0 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 

11217, 65.0 mm SL, Kurio. 

Fig. 464. Praealticus striatus (KAUM–I. 11217, female, 

65.0 mm SL). 

Praealticus tanegasimae (Jordan and Starks, 1906) 

[Jpn name: Tanegimpo] (Fig. 465) 





































KPM–NI 22879, 65.1 mm SL, Ambo; NSMT–P 





50–65 mm SL, Nagakubo; NSMT–P 91613, 

178 specimens, 25–85 mm SL, Kurio. 

Jordan and Starks (1906, as Salarias tanegasimae): 

SU 14690, 3 specimens, 50.7–63.2 

mm SL, Miyanoura; USNM 53537, 6 specimens, 

45.0–68.3 mm SL, Miyanoura. Arai and Ida 

(1975): NSMT–P 17818, 8 specimens, 33.2–82.4 

mm SL, Kusugawa; NSMT–P 17965, 5 specimens, 

61.3–70.4 mm SL, Kusugawa; NSMT–P 


197

2 specimens, 50.1–57.8 mm SL, Kusugawa. 

Remarks: The original description of S. tanegasimae 

by Jordan and Starks (1906) stated that 

specimens were collected from Tanegashima and 

Yakushima. The holotype and seven paratypes 

were from Tanega-shima Island. The six Yakushima 

Island specimens registered as USNM 

53537 are non-types. 

Fig. 465. Praealticus tanegasimae (upper: KPM–NI 22879, 

male, 65.1 mm SL; lower: KAUM–I. 11219, male, 

75.8 mm SL). 

Rhabdoblennius nitidus (Günther, 1861) 

[Jpn name: Rousokugimpo] (Fig. 466) 







SL, Nagakubo; KAUM–I. 11780, 51.6 mm SL, 

Nagakubo; KAUM–I. 20256, 53.7 mm SL, Kurio; 














198 




































Nagakubo; NSMT–P 77749, 52.5 mm SL, Nagakubo; 

NSMT–P 77750, 45.9 mm SL, Nagakubo; 




28–66 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91611, 


91673, 15 mm SL, Kurio. 

Jordan and Starks (1906 as Blennius ellipes): 

USNM 61164, 4 paratypes of Blennius ellipes, 

35.5–48.9 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island. Arai and 

Ida (1975): NSMT–P 17839 (as Istiblennius bilitonensis, 

Hohogurogimpo), 42.1 mm SL, Kusugawa; 

NSMT–P 17856, 7 specimens, 31.3–61.2 mm


Kusugawa. 

Remarks: Bath (2004) regarded Blennius ellipes 

Jordan and Starks, 1906 (= Rhabdoblennius 

ellipes) as a junior synonym of Salarias nitidus. 

Fig. 466. Rhabdoblennius nitidus (KAUM–I. 20271, 55.1 

mm SL). 

Salarias luctuosus Whitley, 1929 

[Jpn name: Shimagimpo] (Fig. 467) 









SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 21829, 68.7 mm SL, Kurio; 


22883, 45.0 mm SL, Ambo; KPM–NI 22887, 60.5 

mm SL, Ambo; NSMT–P 91375, 53 mm SL, Kurio. 


specimens, 27.4–64.2 mm SL, Kusugawa. Ichikawa 

et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island. 

Fig. 467. Salarias luctuosus (upper: KPM–NI 22887, male, 

60.5 mm SL; lower: KPM–NI 22883, female, 45.0 mm 

SL). 


Salarias sinuosus Snyder, 1908 

[Jpn name: Hirenagakaeruuo] (Fig. 468) 

KPM–NI 22872, 44.8 mm SL, Ambo; KPM– 

NI 22873, 43.4 mm SL, Ambo; KPM–NI 22874, 

47.7 mm SL, Ambo; KPM–NI 22886, 47.7 mm 

SL, Ambo; KPM–NI 22932, 42.4 mm SL, Ambo; 

KPM–NI 24791, 47.2 mm SL, Kurio; KPM–NI 

24794, 23.8 mm SL, Kurio. 

Fig. 468. Salarias sinuosus (upper: KPM–NI 22932, male, 

42.4 mm SL; lower: KPM–NI 22886, female, 47.7 mm 

SL). 

FAMILY CHAENOPSIDAE 

Neoclinus bryope (Jordan and Snyder, 1902) 

[Jpn name: Kokegimpo] 

Aizawa (2002): Yaku-shima Island. 

Neoclinus nudus Stephens and Springer, 1971 

[Jpn name: Hadakakokegimpo] (Fig. 469) 

Fig. 469. Neoclinus nudus (off Isso, 8 m, 11 June 2007, S. 

Harazaki). 

199

Neoclinus sp. 


Remarks: This species is very similar to Neoclinus 

chihiroe Fukao, 1987, but differs from the 

latter in several aspects, including the number of 

cephalic sensory pores; currently studied by A. 

Murase of Tokyo University of Marine Science 

and Technology. 

Fig. 470. Neoclinus sp. (off Onoaida, 8 m, 2 Mar. 2005, S. 

Harazaki). 

FAMILY GOBIESOCIDAE 

Conidens laticephalus (Tanaka, 1909) 

[Jpn name: Ankoubauo] (Fig. 471) 






Arai and Ida (1975): Kusugawa [three specimens 


found at NSMT]. 

200 


Fig. 471. Conidens laticephalus (KAUM–I. 11210, 17.7 

mm SL). 

Lepadichthys frenatus Waite, 1904 

[Jpn name: Misakiubauo] (Fig. 472) 


96654, 12.2 mm SL, Isso; FRLM 34741, 27.2 


Kurio; KAUM–I. 11266, 51.1 mm SL, Yudomari; 








Kurio; NSMT–P 91670, 29 mm SL, Kurio; NS- 

MT–P 91671, 16 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 95455, 





Kusugawa. 

Fig. 472. Lepadichthys frenatus (upper: KAUM–I. 11163, 


Pherallodus indicus (Weber, 1913) 

[Jpn name: Hosoubauo] (Fig. 473) 

KAUM–I. 11391, 14.1 mm SL, Kurio.

Fig. 473. Pherallodus indicus (KAUM–I. 11391, 14.1 mm 

SL). 

FAMILY CALLIONYMIDAE 

Callionymus curvicornis Valenciennes, 1837 

[Jpn name: Nezumigochi] (Fig. 474) 

USNM 111598, 88.6 mm SL, off southeast of 


Remarks: This species has often been treated 

as Callionymus richardsoni Bleeker, 1854, Repomucenus 

richardsonii, or Repomucenus curvicornis. 

Fig. 474. Callionymus curvicornis (USNM 111598, 88.6 


Diplogrammus goramensis (Bleeker, 1858) 

[Jpn name: Minamikobunumeri] 


Diplogrammus xenicus (Jordan and Thompson, 1914) 

[Jpn name: Kobunumeri] (Fig. 475) 


96657, 62.9 mm SL, Isso; BSKU 96658, 40.8 

mm SL, Isso; BSKU 96610, 36.5 mm SL, Kurio; 


Fig. 475. Diplogrammus xenicus (upper: BSKU 96610, 



Minysynchiropus kiyoae (Fricke and Zaiser, 1983) 

[Jpn name: Himeteguri] 



as Synchiropus kiyoae Fricke and Zaiser, 1983. 

Neosynchiropus ocellatus (Pallas, 1770) 

[Jpn name: Kouwanteguri] (Fig. 476) 


NI 24906, 11.6 mm SL, Kurio. 

Arai and Ida (1975, as Synchiropus ocellatus): 


MT–P 58130, 44.8 mm SL, Kusugawa; NSMT–P 

58137, 40.8 mm SL, Kusugawa. Ichikawa et al. 



as Synchiropus ocellatus. 

Fig. 476. Neosynchiropus ocellatus (KAUM–I. 21769, 32.0 

mm SL). 

Paradiplogrammus enneactis (Bleeker, 1879) 

[Jpn name: Kogatahanabinumeri] 



as Callionymus enneactis. 

FSMILY ELEOTRIDAE 

Butis amboinensis (Bleeker, 1853) 

[Jpn name: Yaeyamanokogirihaze] (Fig. 477) 


River. 

Fig. 477. Butis amboinensis (KAUM–I. 11503, 20.9 mm 

SL). 

201

Eleotris acanthopoma Bleeker, 1853 

[Jpn name: Chichibumodoki] (Fig. 478) 



77.5 mm SL, mouth of Kurio River; KAUM–I. 



mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura River; KAUM–I. 







77 mm SL, mouth of Kurio River; KAUM–I. 

20370, 36.9 mm SL, mouth of Kurio River; 

KAUM–I. 21597, 38.8 mm SL, mouth of Ambo 




mm SL, mouth of Ambo River; KAUM–I. 24711, 

49.0 mm SL, mouth of Kurio River; KAUM– 




of Kurio River; KAUM–I. 24715, 42.4mm SL, 



mm SL, mouth of Kurio River; MUFS 25443, 

13.5 mm SL, Matsumine. 

Fig. 478. Eleotris acanthopoma (KAUM–I. 20298, 37.9 

mm SL). 

FAMILY XENISTHMIDAE 

Xenisthmus sp. 


KPM–NI. 22558, 18.0 mm SL, Kurio. 

Remarks: The Yaku-shima specimen is similar 

to X. polyzonatus (Klunzinger, 1871), but differs 

in having the vertical bars on the lateral surface 

202 


of the body not reaching to the ventral, yellowish 

ventrolateral body surface, and a dark band across 

the dorsal and anal fins. 

Fig. 479. Xenisthmus sp. (KPM–NI. 22558, 18.0 mm SL). 

FAMILY GOBIIDAE 

Acentrogobius audax Smith, 1959 

[Jpn name: Nisetsumugihaze] (Fig. 480) 


River. 

Fig. 480. Acentrogobius audax (BSKU 96627, 39.5 mm 

SL). 

Acentrogobius suluensis (Herre, 1927) 

[Jpn name: Hohogurosujihaze] (Fig. 481) 

KPM–NI 22568, 30.4 mm SL, mouth of Kurio 

River. 

Fig. 481. Acentrogobius suluensis (KPM–NI 22568, 30.4 

mm SL).

Amblyeleotris fontanesii (Bleeker, 1852) 

[Jpn name: Nyudodatehaze] (Fig. 482) 

Fig. 482. Amblyeleotris fontanesii (off Isso, 12 m, 18 Oct. 


Amblyeleotris japonica Takagi, 1957 

[Jpn name: Datehaze] (Fig. 483) 


Fig. 483. Amblyeleotris japonica (KAUM–I. 20141, 44.3 

mm SL). 

Amblyeleotris periophthalma (Bleeker, 1853) 

[Jpn name: Dandaradatehaze] (Fig. 484) 

Fig. 484. Amblyeleotris periophthalma (off Isso, 18 m, 28 



Amblyeleotris wheeleri (Polunin and Lubbock, 1977) 

[Jpn name: Kubiakahaze] 

Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Amblyeleotris fasciata): 


Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004): Yaku-shima 


Amblygobius linki Herre, 1927 

[Jpn name: Wakakesarasahaze] (Fig. 485) 

Ogihara et al. (2009): mouth of Ambo River. 

Fig. 485. Amblygobius linki (mouth of Ambo River; after 

Ogihara et al., 2009). 

Amblygobius nocturnus (Herre, 1945) 

[Jpn name: Hohobenisarasahaze] (Fig. 486) 



Remarks: These specimens are probably the 

same as Amblygobius sp. A of Suzuki and Shibukawa 

(2004). 

Fig. 486. Amblygobius nocturnus (KPM–NI 22539, 20.6 

mm SL). 

Amblygobius phalaena (Valenciennes, 1837) 

[Jpn name: Sarasahaze] (Fig. 487) 

BSKU 96545, Yudomari; BSKU 96624, 

mouth of Kurio River; KAUM–I. 20024, 40.8 


203






River; KAUM–I. 20319, 33.4 mm SL, Kurio; 


20536, 38 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 21603, 

101.2 mm SL, mouth of Ambo River; KPM–NI 




Fig. 487. Amblygobius phalaena (KAUM–I. 20055, 99.7 

mm SL). 

Amblygobius sp. 


Remarks: The photographed individual is 

identified as Amblygobius sp. 1 of Suzuki and 

Shibukawa (2004). 

Fig. 488. Amblygobius sp. (off Isso, 4 m, 20 Oct. 2007, S. 

Harazaki). 

Asterropteryx semipunctata Rüppell, 1830 

[Jpn name: Hoshihaze] (Fig. 489) 

BSKU 96576, 20.6 mm Sl, Yudomari; 


204 




25.4 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20173, 23 










Fig. 489. Asterropteryx semipunctata (upper: KAUM–I. 

11258, 37.3 mm SL; lower: KPM–NI 22525, 21.3 mm 

SL). 

Awaous ocellaris (Broussonet, 1782) 

[Jpn name: Minamihaze] 



Bathygobius coalitus (Bennett, 1832) 

[Jpn name: Kuroyahazuhaze] (Fig. 490) 



KAUM–I. 11331, 15.1 mm SL, Nagakubo;

KAUM–I. 25052, 32.8 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT– 

P 77570, 40.0 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 77572, 






Kurio; NSMT–P 91578, 24.3 mm SL, Kurio. 



Remarks: Bathygobius padangensis (Bleeker, 

1851) has recently regarded as a junior synonym 

of Bathygobius coalitus by Hoese and Larson 

(2006). 

Fig. 490. Bathygobius coalitus (KAUM–I. 11331, 15.1 mm 

SL). 

Bathygobius cocosensis (Bleeker, 1854) 

[Jpn name: Sujikumohaze] (Fig. 491) 

KAUM–I. 11118, 22.6 mm SL, Matsumine; 














4 specimens, 27.8–31.5 mm SL, Kusugawa; 



36.7mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 77721, 27.4 mm 











Fig. 491. Bathygobius cocosensis (KAUM–I. 11118, 22.6 

mm SL). 

Bathygobius cotticeps (Steindachner, 1879) 

[Jpn name: Kusabihaze] (Fig. 492) 


KPM–NI 22931, 63.0 mm SL, Isso; MUFS 

25619, 30.4 mm SL, Kurio. 

Fig. 492. Bathygobius cotticeps (upper: KAUM–I. 11114, 

15.4 mm SL; lower: KPM–NI 22931, 63.0 mm SL). 

Bathygobius cyclopterus (Valenciennes, 1837) 

[Jpn name: Yahazuhaze] (Fig. 493) 




mm SL, Kurio; KPM–NI 24908, 13.2 mm SL, 

Kurio; NSMT–P 17838, 34.1 mm SK, Kusugawa; 


205

91623, 30 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91623, 28.7 


Kurio. 



Fig. 493. Bathygobius cyclopterus (KAUM–I. 11517, 30.4 

mm SL). 

Bathygobius fuscus (Rüppell, 1830) 

[Jpn name: Kumohaze] (Fig. 494) 





Kurio. 



Fig. 494. Bathygobius fuscus (KAUM–I. 11521, 47.0 mm 

SL). 

Bathygobius hongkongensis (Fowler, 1931) 

[Jpn name: Kurohoshiyahazuhaze] 

Akihito et al. (2002): Yaku-shima Island. Suzuki 

and Shibukawa (2004): Yaku-shima Island. 

Bryaninops natans Larson, 1985 

[Jpn name: Akamehaze] (Fig. 495) 

Bryaninops yongei (Davis and Cohen, 1969) 

[Jpn name: Garasuhaze] 



206 


Fig. 495. Bryaninops natans (off Isso, 12 m, 16 Sept. 2006, 

S. Harazaki). 

Cabillus tongarevae (Fowler, 1927) 

[Jpn name: Yorimehaze] (Fig. 496) 


Fig. 496. Cabillus tongarevae (KPM–NI 24793, 21.3 mm 

SL). 

Cabillus sp. 




21756, 14.4 mm SL, Kurio. 

Remarks: These specimens were identified as 

Cabillus sp. 3 of Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004). 

Fig. 497. Cabillus sp. (KAUM–I. 11180, 20.0 mm SL).

Callogobius hasseltii (Bleeker, 1851) 

[Jpn name: Okinawahaze] (Fig. 498) 






Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20215, 17 mm SL, Yudomari; 

KAUM–I. 20216, 21 mm SL, Yudomari; 


Fig. 498. Callogobius hasseltii (KAUM–I. 20181, 18.7 mm 

SL). 

Callogobius okinawae (Snyder, 1908) 

[Jpn name: Namerahaze] (Fig. 499) 




SL, Nagakubo; NSMT–P 77726, 31.8 mm SL, Kurio; 

NSMT–P 77727, 25.6 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT– 

P 77728, 33.1 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 77776, 

43.7 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 77777, 58.4 mm SL, 


Fig. 499. Callogobius okinawae (upper: KAUM–I. 11215, 


Callogobius tanegasimae (Snyder, 1908) 

[Jpn name: Tanehaze] (Fig. 500) 








of Kurio River; KPM–NI 22564, 47.5 mm SL, 

mouth of Kurio River; NSMT–P 91595, 48.6 mm 


Nagakubo. 

Fig. 500. Callogobius tanegasimae (upper: KAUM–I. 

11333, 42.1 mm SL; lower: KPM–NI 22564, 47.5 mm 

SL). 

Callogobius sp. 1 



Remarks: This individual is a close relative of 

Callogobius maculipinnis (Fowler, 1918). 

Fig. 501. Callogobius sp. 1 (KPM–NI 22535, 13.8 mm 

SL). 


[Jpn name: None] 

Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004, as Callogobius 

sp. 1): Yaku-shima Island. 



Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004, as Callogobius 


207

Chaenogobius annularis Gill, 1859 

[Jpn name: Agohaze] (Fig. 502) 

KAUM–I. 11122, 42.2 mm SL, Matsumine. 



Fig. 502. Chaenogobius annularis (KAUM–I. 11122, 42.2 

mm SL). 

Clariger exilis Snyder, 1911 

[Jpn name: Shimofurisejirohaze] (Fig. 503) 



11701, 20.9 mm SL, Ambo. 


(23 mm TL) were reported, but not found at 

NSMT]. Akihito et al. (2002): Yaku-shima Island. 

Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004): Yaku-shima Island. 

Fig. 503. Clariger exilis (KAUM–I. 11536, 17.5 mm SL). 

Cristatogobius lophius Herre, 1927 

[Jpn name: Tosakahaze] 

Yonezawa (2003a): a fishing port, Yaku-shima 

Island. Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004): Yakushima 


Cryptocentrus albidorsus (Yanagisawa, 1978) 

[Jpn name: Shiroobihaze] (Fig. 504) 

BSKU 96642, 38.9 mm SL, Isso. 

Cryptocentrus caeruleomaculatus (Herre, 1933) 

[Jpn name: Takanohahaze] (Fig. 505) 



208 


Fig. 504. Cryptocentrus albidorsus (BSKU 96642, 38.9 

mm SL). 

Fig. 505. Cryptocentrus caeruleomaculatus (KAUM–I. 

20139, 40.7 mm SL). 

Cryptocentrus nigrocellatus (Yanagisawa, 1978) 

[Jpn name: Kurohoshihaze] (Fig. 506) 



mm SL, Isso. 



Fig. 506. Cryptocentrus nigrocellatus (KAUM–I. 20377, 

70.2 mm SL). 

Discordipinna griessingeri Hoese and Fourmanoir, 1978 

[Jpn name: Homurahaze] (Fig. 507) 


Drombus sp. 

[Jpn name: Kurokohaze] (Fig. 508) 







33.1 mm SL, mouth of Kurio River; KAUM–

Fig. 507. Discordipinna griessingeri (KPM–NI 22514, 

18.0 mm SL). 



River; KPM–NI 22565, 34.3 mm SL, mouth 

of Kurio River; KPM–NI 22566, 35.2 mm SL, 

mouth of Kurio River. 



Remarks: These individuals appear to be the 

species identified as Drombus sp. A of Suzuki and 


Fig. 508. Drombus sp. (upper: KAUM–I. 20302, 33.3 mm 

SL; lower: KPM–NI 22565, 34.3 mm SL). 

Eviota abax (Jordan and Snyder, 1901) 

[Jpn name: Isohaze] (Fig. 509) 








Kurio; KAUM–I. 11518, 17.4 mm SL, Ambo; 


20353, 21 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20354, 















22530, 18.6 mm SL, Yudomari; KPM–NI 22531, 

16.6 mm SL, Yudomari; KPM–NI 22585, 12.6 

mm SL, Isso; NSMT–P 91593, 15 mm SL, Nagakubo; 

NSMT–P 91614, 33 mm SL, Kurio; NS- 

MT–P 91615, 22 specimens, 9–32 mm SL, Kurio. 

Arai and Ida (1975): Kusugawa (five specimens 

were reported, but not found at NSMT). 


Fig. 509. Eviota abax (KPM–NI 22530, 18.6 mm SL). 

Eviota distigma Jordan and Seale, 1906 

[Jpn name: Kobitoisohaze] (Fig. 510) 


96891, 17.6 mm Sl, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11276, 15.3 


Eviota epiphanes Jenkins, 1903 

[Jpn name: Midorihaze] 

Arai and Ida (1975): Kusugawa [seven specimens 


found at NSMT]. 

209

Fig. 510. Eviota distigma (KAUM–I. 11276, 15.3 mm SL). 

Eviota japonica Jewett and Lachner, 1983 

[Jpn name: Minamiisohaze] (Fig. 511) 




16.9 mm SL, Ambo; NSMT–P 91685, 30 mm SL, 


SL, Kurio. 

Fig. 511. Eviota japonica (KAUM–I. 11177, 18.8 mm SL). 

Eviota melasma Lachner and Karnella, 1980 

[Jpn name: Akahoshiisohaze] 


Eviota pellucida Larson, 1976 

[Jpn name: Shiroobiisohaze] 



Eviota prasina (Klunzinger, 1871) 

[Jpn name: Nan-youmidorihaze] (Fig. 512) 








210 














Yudomari; NSMT–P 91383, 19.3 mm SL, Kurio; 


Kurio; NSMT–P 91628, 3 specimens, 15.1–18.2 


10.2–21.6 mm SL, Kurio. 

Fig. 512. Eviota prasina (KPM–NI 22532, 20.1 mm SL). 

Eviota sebreei Jordan and Seale, 1906 

[Jpn name: Kurosujiisohaze] (Fig. 513) 


Fig. 513. Eviota sebreei (KPM–NI 22534, 14.5 mm SL). 

Eviota sp. 




NI 22538, 18.7 mm SL, Yudomari.

Remarks: T. Suzuki of Amagasaki Senior 

High School has prepared the manuscript for this 

species as the first Japanese records, based on 

specimens from Iriomote-jima, Amami-oshima 

and Yaku-shima Islands. 

Fig. 514. Eviota sp. (upper: KAUM–I. 20175, 15.7 mm 

SL; lower: KPM–NI 22538, 18.7 mm SL). 

Exyrias puntang (Bleeker, 1851) 

[Jpn name: Inkohaze] (Fig. 515) 


River; BSKU 96876, 48.5 mm SL, Kurio; BSKU 


mm SL, Kurio; BSKU 96879, 19.5 mm SL, Kurio; 

KAUM–I. 20299, 33 mm SL, mouth of Kurio 






67.2 mm SL, mouth of Ambo River; KAUM– 

I. 21605, 68.8 mm SL, mouth of Ambo River; 



Kurio River. 

Fig. 515. Exyrias puntang (KAUM–I. 20301, 32.2 mm 

SL). 


Favonigobius reichei (Bleeker, 1853) 

[Jpn name: Minamihimehaze] 



Feia sp. 




Flabelligobius sp. 1 

[Jpn name: Hotatetsunohaze] (Fig. 516) 

Remarks: Same species with Flabelligobius 

sp. A of Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004). 

Fig. 516. Flabelligobius sp. 1 (off Isso, 20 m, 14 July 2006, 

S. Harazaki). 

Flabelligobius sp. 2 


Remarks: Probably same species with Flabelligobius 

sp. 4 of Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004). 

Fig. 517. Flabelligobius sp. 2 (off Isso, 35 m, 15 Sept. 


211

Fusigobius duospilus Hoese and Reader, 1985 

[Jpn name: Sehoshisankakuhaze] (Fig. 518) 


KAUM–I. 20279, 30 mm SL, Kurio; KPM–NI 

22550, 35.5 mm SL, Kurio. 

Fig. 518. Fusigobius duospilus (KPM–NI 22550, 35.5 mm 

SL). 

Fusigobius gracilis (Randall, 2001) 

[Jpn name: Sesujisankakuhaze] 

Kuniyasu (1999, as Fusigobius sp.): Kurio. 

Fusigobius humeralis (Randall, 2001) 

[Jpn name: Kataboshisankakuhaze] (Fig. 519) 






Fig. 519. Fusigobius humeralis (KAUM–I. 20277, 23.3 

mm SL). 

Fusigobius inframaculatus (Randall, 1994) 

[Jpn name: Hatatatesankakuhaze] (Fig. 520) 



mm SL, Kurio. 

Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Fusigobius longispinus): 


Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004): Yaku-shima Island. 

212 


Fig. 520. Fusigobius inframaculatus (KPM–NI 22549, 

48.1 mm SL). 

Fusigobius neophytus (Günther, 1877) 

[Jpn name: Sankakuhaze] (Fig. 521) 




mm SL, Kurio; KPM–NI 22512, 38.1 mm SL, 

Yudomari. 

Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island. Suzuki 


Fig. 521. Fusigobius neophytus (KAUM–I. 20252, 47.7 

mm SL). 

Glossogobius biocellatus (Valenciennes) 

[Jpn name: Hitomihaze] (Fig. 522) 






68.8 mm SL, mouth of Ambo River; KPM–NI 

22567, 37.5 mm SL, mouth of Kurio River. 


as a member of Psammogobius (P. biocellatus). 

Glossogobius circumspectus (Macleay, 1883) 

[Jpn name: Sudareurohaze] (Fig. 523) 


River; BSKU 96880, 19.8 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM– 

I. 20297, 40.6 mm SL, mouth of Kurio River.

Fig. 522. Glossogobius biocellatus (KAUM–I. 11508, 34.9 

mm SL). 

Fig. 523. Glossogobius circumspectus (KAUM–I. 20297, 

40.6 mm SL). 

Gnatholepis anjerensis (Bleeker, 1851) 

[Jpn name: Omonhaze] (Fig. 524) 






SL, Yudomari. 



Fig. 524. Gnatholepis anjerensis (KPM–NI 22522, 25.5 

mm SL). 

Gnatholepis cauerensis cauerensis (Bleeker, 1853) 

[Jpn name: Kataboshiomonhaze] (Fig. 525) 








Isso; KAUM–I. 20534, 55 mm SL, Yudomari; 

KPM–NI 22552, 33.9 mm SL, Kurio; KPM–NI 

22576, 30.5 mm SL, Isso. 

Kuniyasu (1999, as Gnatholepis scapulostigma): 

Kurio. 

Remarks: Gnatholepis scapulostigma Herre, 

1953 was recently recognized as a junior synonym 

of Gnatholepis cauerensis cauerensis by Randall 

and Greenfield (2001). 

Fig. 525. Gnatholepis cauerensis cauerensis (KAUM–I. 

11305, 47.2 mm SL). 

Gobiodon atrangulatus Garman, 1903 

[Jpn name: Seakakobanhaze] (Fig. 526) 


Arai and Ida (1975): Kusugawa [five specimens 


found at NSMT]. Akihito et al. (2002): Yaku-shima 



Fig. 526. Gobiodon atrangulatus (BSKU 96613, 19.6 mm 

SL). 

Gobiodon oculolineatus Wu, 1979 

[Jpn name: Kumadorikobanhaze] (Fig. 527) 


213

Fig. 527. Gobiodon oculolineatus (BSKU 96575, 19.3 mm 

SL). 

Gobiodon quinquestrigatus (Valenciennes, 1837) 

[Jpn name: Futairosangohaze] (Fig. 528) 



24.8 mm SL, Yudomari. 

Arai and Ida (1975): Kusugawa (eight specimens 

were reported, but not found at NSMT). Suzuki 


Fig. 528. Gobiodon quinquestrigatus (BSKU 96595, 23.4 

mm SL). 

Gobiodon sp. 

[Jpn name: Akatenkobanhaze] 

Arai and Ida (1975, as Gobiodon rivulatus rivulatus): 

Kusugawa (two specimens were reported, 

but not found at NSMT). 

Gobiopsis arenaria (Snyder, 1908) 

[Jpn name: Isagohaze] (Fig. 529) 


Fig. 529. Gobiopsis arenaria (KAUM–I. 11516, 23.6 mm 

SL). 

214 


Grallenia arenicola Shibukawa and Iwata, 2007 

[Jpn name: Sazarehaze] (Fig. 530) 


Remarks: This specimen is tentatively identified 

as G. arenicola, but further examination is 

needed. 

Fig. 530. Grallenia arenicola (KAUM–I. 21840, 16.2 mm 

SL). 

Gymnogobius petschiliensis (Rendahl, 1924) 

[Jpn name: Sumiukigori] (Fig. 531) 


mm SL, Yaku-shima Island; NSMT–P 29368, 53.2 

mm SL, Yaku-shima Island. 

Akihito et al. (2002, as Gymnogobius sp. 1): 

Yaku-shima Island. Yonezawa (2003c): Yaku-shima 



Fig. 531. Gymnogobius petschiliensis (NSMT–P 29120, 


Gymnogobius urotaenia (Hilgendorf 1879) 

[Jpn name: Ukigori] 

Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Chaenogobius urotaenia): 

Yaku-shima Island. Suzuki and Shibukawa 


Istigobius decoratus (Herre, 1927) 

[Jpn name: Hoshikazarihaze] (Fig. 532) 


96636, 64.5 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I.11592, 71.5 


Ambo; KAUM–I. 11594, 34.3 mm SL, Ambo;



NI 22553, 24.0 mm SL, Kurio. 



Fig. 532. Istigobius decoratus (KAUM–I.11592, 71.5 mm 

SL). 

Istigobius ornatus (Rüppell, 1830) 

[Jpn name: Kazarihaze] (Fig. 533) 



Fig. 533. Istigobius ornatus (NSMT–P 77569, 62.8 mm 

SL). 

Istigobius rigilius (Herre, 1953) 

[Jpn name: Madarakazarihaze] 


Lotilia graciliosa Klausewitz 1960 

[Jpn name: Odorihaze] (Fig. 534) 

Luciogobius guttatus Gill, 1859 

[Jpn name: Mimizuhaze] 



Luciogobius platycephalus Shiogaki and Dotsu, 1976 

[Jpn name: Yarimimizuhaze] (Fig. 535) 



Fig. 534. Lotilia graciliosa (off Isso, 18 m, 25 June 2006, S. 

Harazaki). 

Fig. 535. Luciogobius platycephalus (KAUM–I. 11563, 

34.2 mm SL). 

Luciogobius sp. 




Isso; NSMT–P 29369, 42.1 mm SL, Kusugawa. 

Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004, as Luciogobius 


Fig. 536. Luciogobius sp. (NSMT–P 29369, 42.1 mm SL, 


Oxyurichthys cornutus McCulloch and Waite, 1918 

[Jpn name: Kamahirematsugehaze] (Fig. 537) 

KPM–NI 22569, 32.2 mm SL, mouth of Kurio 

River. 

215

Fig. 537. Oxyurichthys cornutus (KPM–NI 22569, 32.2 

mm SL). 

Pandaka sp. 

[Jpn name: Gomahaze] (Fig. 538) 









mouth of Miyanoura River; NSMT–P 29477, 4 

specimens, 14.2–16.4 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura 

River; NSMT–P 67099, 9 specimens, 9.4–12.2 


36 specimens, 10.9–13.3 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura 

River. 

Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Pandaka lidwilli): 

Yaku-shima Island. Yonezawa (2003c, as Pandaka 

lidwilli): Yaku-shima Island. Mukai et al. (2004): 

4 specimens, Yaku-shima Island (used for molecular 

analysis). Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004): 



species identified as Pandaka sp. A of Suzuki and 


Fig. 538. Pandaka sp. (KAUM–I. 11506, 16.7 mm SL). 

216 


Paragobiodon echinocephalus (Rüppell, 1830) 

[Jpn name: Darumahaze] (Fig. 539) 


Fig. 539. Paragobiodon echinocephalus (BSKU 96565, 

24.3 mm SL). 

Paragobiodon lacunicolus (Kendall and Goldsborough, 1911) 

[Jpn name: Pandadarumahaze] (Fig. 540) 


Fig. 540. Paragobiodon lacunicolus (upper: BSKU 96591, 

11.1 mm SL; lower: off Isso, 6 m, 23 June 2006, S. 

Harazaki). 

Paragobiodon modestus (Regan, 1908) 

[Jpn name: Yogoredarumahaze] (Fig. 541) 





Paragobiodon xanthosoma (Bleeker, 1852) 

[Jpn name: Akanedarumahaze] (Fig. 542)

Fig. 541. Paragobiodon modestus (BSKU 96581, 12.0 mm 

SL). 

Fig. 542. Paragobiodon xanthosoma (off Isso, 10 m, 4 

Sept. 2006, S. Harazaki). 

Periophthalmus argentilineatus Valenciennes, 1837 

[Jpn name: Minamitobihaze] (Fig. 543) 


River. 

Yonezawa (2003c): Yaku-shima Island. Suzuki 


Fig. 543. Periophthalmus argentilineatus (KAUM–I. 

20308, 36.1 mm SL). 

Pleurosicya micheli Fourmanoir, 1971 

[Jpn name: Akasujiumitakehaze] (Fig. 544) 


Pleurosicya mossambica Smith, 1959 

[Jpn name: Seboshiumitakehaze] (Fig. 545) 



13.6 mm SL, Yudomari. 



Fig. 544. Pleurosicya micheli (KAUM–I. 21782, 19.8 mm 

SL). 

Fig. 545. Pleurosicya mossambica (BSKU 96607, 20.5 mm 

SL). 

Priolepis cincta (Regan, 1908) 

[Jpn name: Benkeihaze] (Fig. 546) 











mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91616, 29 mm SL, Kurio; 


Kurio. 

Arai and Ida (1975, as Quisquilius eugenius, 

Benkeihaze): NSMT–P 58110, 34.0 mm SL, 

Kusugawa; NSMT–P 58114, 45.9 mm SL, Kusugawa. 

Fig. 546. Priolepis cincta (KAUM–I. 20287, 40.2 mm SL). 

217

Priolepis fallacincta Winterbottom and Burridge, 1993 

[Jpn name: Kobenkeihaze] (Fig. 547) 


Fig. 547. Priolepis fallacincta (KPM–NI 22504, 12.2 mm 

SL). 

Priolepis inhaca (Smith, 1949) 

[Jpn name: Amimebenkeihaze] (Fig. 548) 



Fig. 548. Priolepis inhaca (KPM–NI 22537, 18.3 mm SL). 

Priolepis nocturna (Smith, 1957) 

[Jpn name: Izayoibenkeihaze] (Fig. 549) 

Fig. 549. Priolepis nocturna (off Isso, 20 m, 8 Nov. 2008, S. 

Harazaki). 

Priolepis semidoliata (Valenciennes, 1837) 

[Jpn name: Irezumihaze] (Fig. 550) 




218 










Kurio. 

Arai and Ida (1975): Kusugawa [three specimens 


found at NSMT]. Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004): 


Fig. 550. Priolepis semidoliata (BSKU 96559, 21.2 mm 

SL). 

Redigobius bikolanus (Herre, 1927) 

[Jpn name: Hinahaze] (Fig. 551) 




KAUM–I. 17850, 15.2 mm SL, mouth of Isso 



mouth of Ambo River; KAUM–I. 21608, 25.8 mm 

SL, mouth of Ambo River; KAUM–I. 21609, 25.4 


25.5 mm SL, mouth of Ambo River; KAUM– 




Kurio River. 

Rhinogobius giurinus (Rutter, 1897) 

[Jpn name: Gokurakuhaze] (Fig. 552) 



mouth of Miyanoura River; KAUM–I. 15463,

Fig. 551. Redigobius bikolanus (KAUM–I. 11507, 20.0 

mm SL). 




NSMT–P 77780, 50.8 mm SL, mouth of Ambo 

River; NSMT–P 77781, 78.5 mm SL, mouth of 

Ambo River; NSMT–P 77782, 68.4 mm SL, 


SL, mouth of Ambo River; NSMT–P 77784, 62.3 

mm SL, mouth of Ambo River; NSMT–P 77785, 

59.0 mm SL, mouth of Ambo River; NSMT–P 

77786, 58.3 mm SL, mouth of Ambo River; NS- 

MT–P 77787, 58.5 mm SL, mouth of Ambo River; 


River; NSMT–P 77789, 54.6 mm SL, mouth of 

Ambo River; NSMT–P 77790, 66.2 mm SL, 




50.8 mm SL, mouth of Ambo River; NSMT–P 

77794, 80.8 mm SL, mouth of Ambo River; NS- 

MT–P 77795, 71.6 mm SL, mouth of Kurio River; 

NSMT–P 77796, 60.9 mm SL, mouth of Kurio 

River; NSMT–P 77797, 67.3 mm SL, mouth 

of Kurio River; NSMT–P 77798, 62.2 mm SL, 

mouth of Kurio River; NSMT–P 77799, 56.6 mm 

SL, mouth of Kurio River; NSMT–P 77800, 57.9 


46.3 mm SL, mouth of Kurio River;. 

Jordan and Starks (1906, as Rhinogobius hadropterus): 

numerous specimens, but their whereabouts 

unknown, mouth of Miyanoura River. 

Fig. 552. Rhinogobius giurinus (NSMT–P 77799, 56.6 mm 

SL). 


Rhinogobius sp. DA 

[Jpn name: Kuroyoshinobori] (Fig. 553) 










SL, Ambo; MUFS 25439, 28.3 mm SL, Matsumine. 

Fig. 553. Rhinogobius sp. DA (KAUM–I. 11543, 43.9 mm 

SL). 

Stiphodon percnopterygionus Watson and Chen, 1998 

[Jpn name: Nan-youbouzuhaze] (Fig. 554) 



Fig. 554. Stiphodon percnopterygionus (KAUM–I. 11542, 

24.2 mm SL). 

Stonogobiops nematodes Hoese and Randall, 1982 

[Jpn name: Hirenaganejirimbo] (Fig. 555) 

Sueviota sp. 



Remarks: This specimen was identified as 

Sueviota sp. 1 of Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004). 

219

Fig. 555. Stonogobiops nematodes (off Isso, 30 m, 25 Aug. 


Fig. 556. Sueviota sp. (KPM–NI 22560, 15.0 mm SL). 

Tridentiger kuroiwae Jordan and Tanaka, 1927 

[Jpn name: Naganogori] (Fig. 557) 















79.9 mm SL, mouth of Ambo River; KAUM–I. 

23529, 66.3 mm SL, mouth of Ambo River. 

Yonezawa (2003c): Yaku-shima Island. Suzuki 


Trimma anaima Winterbottom, 2000 

[Jpn name: Himeniramibenihaze] (Fig. 558) 

220 


Fig. 557. Tridentiger kuroiwae (KAUM–I. 21596, 81.4 mm 


Fig. 558. Trimma anaima (off Isso, 30 m, 29 Apr. 2009, S. 

Harazaki). 

Trimma annosum Winterbottom, 2003 

[Jpn name: Pegasusubenihaze] (Fig. 559) 




Remarks: Suzuki et al. (2008) reported T. annosum 

from Iriomote-jima and Hachijo-jima Islands 

as the first Japanese records for the species. 

Fig. 559. Trimma annosum (KPM–NI 22520, 21.5 mm 

SL). 

Trimma caesiura Jordan and Seale, 1906 

[Jpn name: Benihaze] (Fig. 560) 

KAUM–I. 11436, 26.9 mm SL, Kurio.

Fig. 560. Trimma caesiura (KAUM–I. 11436, 26.9 mm 

SL). 

Trimma macrophthalma (Tomiyama, 1936) 

[Jpn name: Omehaze] 


Trimma naudei Smith, 1957 

[Jpn name: Chigobenihaze] (Fig. 561) 


Fig. 561. Trimma naudei (BSKU 96614, 12.7 mm SL). 

Trimma okinawae (Aoyagi, 1949) 

[Jpn name: Okinawabenihaze] (Fig. 562) 



Fig. 562. Trimma okinawae (KAUM–I. 20040, 22.9 mm 

SL). 


Trimma stobbsi Winterbottom, 2001 


Fig. 563. Trimma stobbsi (off Isso, 25 m, 3 Dec. 2007, S. 

Harazaki). 

Trimma tevegae Cohen and Davis, 1969 

[Jpn name: Aogihaze] (Fig. 564) 


Remarks: T. caudomaculata Yoshino and 

Araga, 1975 is a junior synonym of T. tevegae. 

Fig. 564. Trimma tevegae (BSKU 96612, 28.3 mm SL). 

Trimma sp. 1 





SL, Kurio; KPM–NI 22559, 20.1 mm SL, Kurio. 


species identified as Trimma sp. 2 of Suzuki and 

Shibukawa (2004). D. Hoese at the Australian 

Museum, Sydney, has prepared a manuscript for 

this undescribed species. 

221

Fig. 565. Trimma sp. 1 (upper: KPM–NI 22559, 20.1 mm 

SL; lower: off Isso, 10 m, 19 Jan. 2010, S. Harazaki). 

Trimmatom sp. 1 



96656, 19.8 mm SL, Isso; BSKU 96660, 9.8 mm 

SL, Isso; BSKU 96661, 13.6 mm SL, Isso. 

Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004, as Trimmatom 

sp. A): Yaku-shima Island. 


species identified as Trimmatom sp. A of Suzuki 

and Shibukawa (2004). 

Fig. 566. Trimmatom sp. 1 (BSKU 96639, 15.1 mm SL). 

Trimmatom sp. 2 


KPM–NI 22561, 12.9 mm SL, Kurio; KPM– 

NI 22562, 10.7 mm SL, Kurio. 

Remarks: T. Suzuki of Amagasaki Senior 

High School is studying this species on the basis 

of specimens from Iriomote-jima and Yaku-shima 

Islands. 

222 


Fig. 567. Trimmatom sp. 2 (upper: KPM–NI 22562, 10.7 

mm SL; lower: KPM–NI 22561, 12.9 mm SL). 

Valenciennea longipinnis (Lay and Bennett, 1839) 

[Jpn name: Sazanamihaze] (Fig. 568) 



Fig. 568. Valenciennea longipinnis (KAUM–I. 11596, 

132.1 mm SL). 

Valenciennea sexguttata (Valenciennes, 1837) 

[Jpn name: Mizutamahaze] 


Valenciennea strigata (Broussonet, 1782) 

[Jpn name: Akahachihaze] 


Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Suzuki and Shibukawa 


Vanderhorstia sp. 


Remarks: The photographed individuals appears 

to be the same species with Randall (2007)’s 

Vanderhorstia sp. (fig. 1, BPBM 36706, 33 mm 

SL, Bali, Indonesia).

Fig. 569. Vanderhorstia sp. (off Isso, 12 m, 2 Oct. 2007, S. 

Harazaki). 

FAMILY MICRODESMIDAE 

Navigobius dewa Hoses and Motomura, 2009 


Remarks: This species was described on the 

basis of three specimens from Kagoshima Bay, 

Kyushu, Japan, and also reported from Amamioshima 

Island (underwater observation). Figure 

570 represents the first record of the species from 


Fig. 570. Navigobius dewa (off Nagata, 45 m, 19 Nov. 


Nemateleotris decora Randall and Allen, 1973 

[Jpn name: Akebonohaze] (Fig. 571) 

Nemateleotris magnifica Fowler, 1938 

[Jpn name: Hatatatehaze] 


Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Suzuki and Shibukawa 


Parioglossus dotui Tomiyama, 1958 

[Jpn name: Satsukihaze] (Fig. 572) 


KAUM–I. 11717, 25.0 mm SL, MB; KAUM–I. 



Fig. 571. Nemateleotris decora (off Nagata, 35 m, 16 May 








of Miyanoura River; KAUM–I. 11724, 17.9 

mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura River; KAUM–I. 





30.5 mm SL, Nagakubo; KAUM–I. 21613, 22.5 


19.5 mm SL, mouth of Ambo River; KAUM–I. 

21615, 23.7 mm SL, mouth of Ambo River. 


Fig. 572. Parioglossus dotui (KAUM–I. 11515, 29.4 mm 

SL). 

223

Ptereleotris evides (Jordan and Hubbs, 1925) 

[Jpn name: Kuroyurihaze] 



Ptereleotris grammica grammica Randall and Lubbock, 1982 

[Jpn name: Sujikuroyurihaze] (Fig. 573) 

Fig. 573. Ptereleotris grammica grammica (off Nagata, 45 

m, 19 Nov. 2009, S. Harazaki). 

Ptereleotris hanae (Jordan and Snyder, 1901) 

[Jpn name: Hanahaze] 


Ptereleotris heteroptera (Bleeker, 1855) 

[Jpn name: Ogurokuroyurihaze] (Fig. 574) 


Fig. 574. Ptereleotris heteroptera (BSKU 96615, 35.0 mm 

SL). 

FAMILY EPHIPPIDAE 

Platax orbicularis (Forsskål, 1775) 

[Jpn name: Nan-yotsubameuo] (Fig. 575) 



MOSC (2002): Isso and Kurio. 

Platax teira (Forsskål, 1775) 

[Jpn name: Tsubameuo] (Fig. 576) 



224 


Fig. 575. Platax orbicularis (KAUM–I. 11360, 54.3 mm 

SL). 

Fig. 576. Platax teira (NSMT–P 77658, 216.0 mm SL).

FAMILY SCATOPHAGIDAE 

Scatophagus argus (Linnaeus, 1766) 

[Jpn name: Kurohoshimanjyudai] (Fig. 577) 


Fig. 577. Scatophagus argus (KAUM–I. 21734, 20.2 mm 

SL). 

FAMILY SIGANIDAE 

Siganus argenteus (Quoy and Gaimard, 1825) 

[Jpn name: Hanaaigo] (Fig. 578) 




Fig. 578. Siganus argenteus (NSMT–P 77638, 268.0 mm 

SL). 

Siganus fuscescens (Houttuyn, 1782) 

[Jpn name: Aigo] 


Remarks: Ichikawa et al. (1992) mentioned 

their Siganus fuscescens might be Siganus canaliculatus 

(Park, 1797). 


Siganus spinus (Linnaeus, 1758) 

[Jpn name: Amiaigo] 



Siganus vermiculatus (Valenciennes, 1835) 

[Jpn name: Mushikuiaigo] 


Siganus woodlandi Randall and Kulbicki, 2005 

[Jpn name: Sedakahanaaigo] (Fig. 579) 


Kuniyasu (1999, as Siganus sp.): Kurio. 

Fig. 579. Siganus woodlandi (NSMT–P 91950, 321.0 mm 

SL). 

FAMILY ZANCLIDAE 

Zanclus cornutus (Linnaeus, 1758) 

[Jpn name: Tsunodashi] (Fig. 580) 







SL, Yudomari; NSMT–P 77579, 111 mm SL, Nagata; 

NSMT–P 91353, 2 specimens, 59–60 mm 

SL, Yudomari. 


Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. MOSC (2002): Isso and 

Kurio. 

FAMILY ACANTHURIDAE 

Acanthurus bariene Lesson, 1831 

[Jpn name: Kanranhagi] 


225

Fig. 580. Zanclus cornutus (KAUM–I. 11198, 106.4 mm 

SL). 

Acanthurus blochii Valenciennes, 1835 

[Jpn name: Osujikurohagi] 


Acanthurus dussumieri Valenciennes, 1835 

[Jpn name: Nisekanranhagi] (Fig. 581) 

FRLM 34712, 160.5 mm SL, WP; FRLM 

34719, 257.0 mm SL, WP; KAUM–I. 11270, 



Kurio; NSMT–P 77661, 224 mm SL, Miyanoura; 


91589, 3 specimens, 84–98 mm SL, Yudomari. 



Acanthurus leucopareius (Jenkins, 1903) 

[Jpn name: Sujikurohagi] 



Acanthurus lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758) 

[Jpn name: Nijihagi] 



226 


Fig. 581. Acanthurus dussumieri (KAUM–I. 21777, 54.2 

mm SL). 

Acanthurus maculiceps (Ahl, 1923) 

[Jpn name: Irezuminiza] 




Acanthurus mata Cuvier, 1829 

[Jpn name: Hiraniza] 

Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Acanthurus bleekeri): 


Acanthurus nigricans (Linnaeus, 1758) 

[Jpn name: Meganekurohagi] 

Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Acanthurus glaucopareius): 


Acanthurus nigricauda Duncker and Mohr, 1929 

[Jpn name: Kuromontsuki] 


Acanthurus nigrofuscus (Forsskål, 1775) 

[Jpn name: Naganiza] (Fig. 582) 



25571, 69.3 mm SL, Kurio. 



Acanthurus olivaceus Bloch and Schneider, 1801 

[Jpn name: Montsukihagi] (Fig. 583) 




Ambo and Kurio.

Fig. 582. Acanthurus nigrofuscus (KAUM–I. 11280, 66.7 

mm SL). 

Fig. 583. Acanthurus olivaceus (NSMT–P 77643, 263.0 

mm SL). 

Acanthurus pyroferus Kittlitz, 1834 

[Jpn name: Kuroguchiniza] 



Acanthurus triostegus (Linnaeus, 1758) 

[Jpn name: Shimahagi] (Fig. 584) 





Ambo; KAUM–I. 21877, 39.3 mm SL, Kurio; 


21879, 46.2 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91587, 43 

mm SL, Yudomari; NSMT–P 91656, 2 specimens, 





Acanthurus xanthopterus Valenciennes, 1835 

[Jpn name: Kurohagi] 



Fig. 584. Acanthurus triostegus (KAUM–I. 11268, 56.4 

mm SL). 

Ctenochaetus binotatus Randall, 1955 

[Jpn name: Kokutensazanamihagi] 



Ctenochaetus striatus (Quoy and Gaimard, 1825) 

[Jpn name: Sazanamihagi] (Fig. 585) 



25611, 55.3 mm SL, Kurio. 



Fig. 585. Ctenochaetus striatus (KAUM–I. 11281, 57.4 

mm SL). 

Naso annulatus (Quoy and Gaimard, 1825) 

[Jpn name: Himetenguhagi] 


227

Naso brachycentron (Valenciennes, 1835) 

[Jpn name: Onitenguhagi] 



Naso brevirostris (Cuvier, 1829) 

[Jpn name: Tsumaritenguhagi] 


Naso hexacanthus (Bleeker, 1855) 

[Jpn name: Tenguhagimodoki] 



Naso lituratus (Forster, 1801) 

[Jpn name: Miyakotenguhagi] 



Naso lopezi Herre, 1927 

[Jpn name: Nagatenguhagimodoki] 


Naso maculatus Randall and Struhsaker, 1981 

[Jpn name: Gomatenguhagimodoki] 


Naso unicornis (Forsskål, 1775) 

[Jpn name: Tenguhagi] (Fig. 586) 


MT–P 77581, 330.0 mm SL, Nagata. 



Paracanthurus hepatus (Linnaeus, 1766) 

[Jpn name: Nan-youhagi] 


Prionurus scalprum Valenciennes, 1835 

[Jpn name: Nizadai] (Fig. 587) 









228 


Fig. 586. Naso unicornis (upper: NSMT–P 77581, 330.0 




SL, Miyanoura. 

Arai and Ida (1975, as Prionurus microlepidotus): 

Kusugawa (four specimens were reported, 

but not found at NSMT). Ichikawa et al. (1992): 


Fig. 587. Prionurus scalprum (upper: KAUM–I. 11167, 

60.7 mm SL; lower: NSMT–P 77635, 382.0 mm SL).

Zebrasoma scopas (Cuvier, 1829) 

[Jpn name: Gomahagi] (Fig. 588) 


Fig. 588. Zebrasoma scopas (off Isso, 6 m, 17 Jan. 2010, S. 

Harazaki). 

Zebrasoma veliferum (Bloch, 1795) 

[Jpn name: Hirenagahagi] (Fig. 589) 




Fig. 589. Zebrasoma veliferum (NSMT–P 77640, 280.0 

mm SL). 


FAMILY SPHYRAENIDAE 

Sphyraena barracuda (Edwards, 1771) 

[Jpn name: Onikamasu] (Fig. 590) 

KAUM–I. 11407, 21.1 mm SL, Kurio Beach; 



mouth of Miyanoura River; KPM–NI 24272, 

218.0 mm SL, mouth of Nagata River. 


Fig. 590. Sphyraena barracuda (upper: KAUM–I. 11505, 


Sphyraena flavicauda Rüppell, 1838 

[Jpn name: Taiwankamasu] (Fig. 591) 

KPM–NI 24955, 283.0 mm SL, mouth of 

Ambo River; NSMT–P 77645, 277 mm SL, 

mouth of Kurio River; NSMT–P 77646, 278 mm 

SL, mouth of Kurio River; NSMT–P 77647, 313 

mm SL, mouth of Kurio River. 


Fig. 591. Sphyraena flavicauda (KPM–NI 24955, 283.0 

mm SL). 

Sphyraena pinguis Günther, 1874 

[Jpn name: Akakamasu] 

Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Sphyraena obtusata): 


229

SCOMBRIDAE 

Acanthocybium solandri (Cuvier, 1832) 

[Jpn name: Kamasusawara] 


Auxis rochei rochei (Risso, 1810) 

[Jpn name: Marusoda] 

Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Auxis rochei): Yakushima 


Auxis thazard thazard (Lacepède, 1800) 

[Jpn name: Hirasoda] 

Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Auxis thazard): 


Euthynnus affinis (Cantor, 1849) 

[Jpn name: Suma] 


Gymnosarda unicolor (Rüppell, 1836) 

[Jpn name: Isomaguro] 


Katsuwonus pelamis (Linnaeus, 1758) 

[Jpn name: Katsuo] 


Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1816) 

[Jpn name: Gurukuma] 


Sarda orientalis (Temminck and Schlegel, 1844) 

[Jpn name: Hagatsuo] 


Scomber australasicus Cuvier, 1832 

[Jpn name: Gomasaba] 


Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, 1782 

[Jpn name: Masaba] 


Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterre, 1788) 

[Jpn name: Kihada] 


230 


Thunnus obesus (Lowe 1839) 

[Jpn name: Mebachi] 


ISTIOPHORIDAE 

Istiophorus platypterus (Shaw, 1792) 

[Jpn name: Bashokajiki] 


ORDER PLEURONECTIFORMES 

FAMILY PARALICHTHYIDAE 

Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck and Schlegel, 1846) 

[Jpn name: Hirame] 


FAMILY BOTHIDAE 

Arnoglossus japonicus Hubbs, 1915 

[Jpn name: Nihondarumagarei] (Fig. 592) 

Hubbs (1915): USNM 75671, holotype of Arnoglossus 

japonicus, 74.7 mm SL, off southeast 

of Yaku-shima Island. 

Fig. 592. Arnoglossus japonicus (USNM 75671, holotype, 


Bothus pantherinus (Rüppell, 1830) 

[Jpn name: Togedarumagarei] (Fig. 593) 

BSKU 96644, 130.8 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 

20376, 150.7 mm SL, Isso. 


Crossorhombus kobensis (Jordan and Starks, 1906) 

[Jpn name: Kobedarumagarei] (Fig. 594) 

USNM 77187, 3 specimens, 55.4–91.1 mm 

SL, off southeast of Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 593. Bothus pantherinus (BSKU 96644, 130.8 mm 

SL). 

Fig. 594. Crossorhombus kobensis (USNM 77187, 91.1 


Engyprosopon xystrias Hubbs, 1915 

[Jpn name: Nisedarumagarei] (Fig. 595) 

Hubbs (1915): USNM 75672, holotype of 

Engyprosopon xystrias, 68.2 mm SL, off southeast 

of Yaku-shima Island. 

Fig. 595. Engyprosopon xystrias (USNM 75672, holotype, 


FAMILY SOLEIDAE 

Aseraggodes sp. 

[Jpn name: Musumeushinoshita] (Fig. 596) 


20247, 41.7 mm SL, Kurio. 


Remarks: Randall and Desoutter-Meniger 

(2007) allocated some species of Parachirus to 

Aseraggodes. We regard that the present species 

also belongs to Aseraggodes. 

Fig. 596. Aseraggodes sp. (KAUM–I. 20247, 41.7 mm 

SL). 

Pardachirus pavoninus (Lacepède, 1802) 

[Jpn name: Minamiushinoshita] (Fig. 597) 



Fig. 597. Pardachirus pavoninus (BSKU 96632, 199.2 mm 

SL). 

Soleichthys heterorhinos (Bleeker, 1856) 

[Jpn name: Sazanamiushinoshita] (Fig. 598) 

KAUM–I. 20333, 45.1 mm SL, Isso; KPM– 


Fig. 598. Soleichthys heterorhinos (KAUM–I. 20333, 45.1 

mm SL). 

231

Synaptura marginata Boulenger, 1900 

[Jpn name: Amamiushinoshita] 


ORDER TETRAODONTIFORMES 

FAMILY TRIACANTHIDAE 

Triacanthus biaculeatus (Bloch, 1786) 

[Jpn name: Gima] 


FAMILY BALISTIDAE 

Balistapus undulatus (Park, 1797) 

[Jpn name: Kumadori] 



Balistoides conspicillum (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) 

[Jpn name: Mongarakawahagi] (Fig. 599) 





Fig. 599. Balistoides conspicillum (KAUM–I. 20066, 128.7 

mm SL). 

Balistoides viridescens (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) 

[Jpn name: Gomamongara] (Fig. 600) 

Arai and Ida (1975, as Balistes flavimarginatus, 

Kiherimongara): NSMT–P 58127, 38.1 



232 


Fig. 600. Balistoides viridescens (upper and lower: off 

Isso, 12 m, 17 Jan. 2010, S. Harazaki). 

Canthidermis maculata (Bloch, 1786) 

[Jpn name: Amimongara] (Fig. 601) 



Fig. 601. Canthidermis maculata (KPM–NI 24795, 54.8 

mm SL). 

Melichthys vidua (Richardson, 1845) 

[Jpn name: Kuromongara] 



Odonus niger (Rüppell, 1836) 

[Jpn name: Akamongara] 



Pseudobalistes flavimarginatus (Rüppell, 1829) 

[Jpn name: Kiherimongara] (Fig. 602) 



Fig. 602. Pseudobalistes flavimarginatus (upper: NSMT– 

P 77565, 34.8 mm SL; lower: off Isso, 12 m, 17 Jan. 


Pseudobalistes fuscus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) 

[Jpn name: Isomongara] (Fig. 603) 

Rhinecanthus aculeatus (Linnaeus, 1758) 

[Jpn name: Murasamemongara] (Fig. 604) 



Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. MOSC (2002): Yakushima 



Fig. 603. Pseudobalistes fuscus (off Isso, 15 m, 20 Jan. 


Fig. 604. Rhinecanthus aculeatus (KAUM–I. 21677, 27.6 

mm SL). 

Rhinecanthus rectangulus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) 

[Jpn name: Tasukimongara] 


Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. MOSC (2002): Yakushima 


Rhinecanthus verrucosus (Linnaeus, 1758) 

[Jpn name: Kurakakemongara] (Fig. 605) 









233

Fig. 605. Rhinecanthus verrucosus (KAUM–I. 20047, 49.8 

mm SL). 

Sufflamen bursa (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) 

[Jpn name: Musumehagi] (Fig. 606) 




SL, Kurio. 



Fig. 606. Sufflamen bursa (KAUM–I. 20290, 35.1 mm SL). 

Sufflamen chrysopterum (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) 

[Jpn name: Tsumajiromongara] (Fig. 607) 


MT–P 77663, 146.9 mm SL, Miyanoura. 



SL, Kusugawa. 

234 


Fig. 607. Sufflamen chrysopterum (KAUM–I. 11336, 133.8 

mm SL). 

Sufflamen fraenatum (Latreille, 1804) 

[Jpn name: Meganehagi] (Fig. 608) 

KAUM–I. 25207, 163.2 mm SL, Onoaida. 



Fig. 608. Sufflamen fraenatum (KAUM–I. 25207, 163.2 

mm SL). 

FAMILY MONACANTHIDAE 

Aluterus monoceros (Linnaeus, 1758) 

[Jpn name: Usubahagi] 


Aluterus scriptus (Osbeck, 1765) 

[Jpn name: Soushihagi] (Fig. 609) 




Fig. 609. Aluterus scriptus (NSMT–P 77620, 437.0 mm 

SL). 

Brachaluteres ulvarum Jordan and Fowler, 1902 

[Jpn name: Aosahagi] (Fig. 610) 

Fig. 610. Brachaluteres ulvarum (off Isso, 18 m, 23 June 


Cantherhines dumerilii (Hollard, 1854) 

[Jpn name: Hakuseihagi] (Fig. 611) 

FRLM 34727, 189.1 mm SL, Kurio. 



Fig. 611. Cantherhines dumerilii (FRLM 34727, 189.1 mm 

SL). 


Cantherhines pardalis (Rüppell, 1837) 

[Jpn name: Amimeumazurahagi] (Fig. 612) 



Fig. 612. Cantherhines pardalis (MUFS 25516, 102.1 mm 

SL). 

Chaetodermis penicilligera (Cuvier, 1816) 

[Jpn name: Higehagi] 


Paraluteres prionurus (Bleeker, 1851) 

[Jpn name: Nokogirihagi] (Fig. 613) 



Fig. 613. Paraluteres prionurus (off Isso, 5 m, 19 Jan. 


Paramonacanthus japonicus (Tilesius, 1809) 

[Jpn name: Yosogi] (Fig. 614) 

235

Fig. 614. Paramonacanthus japonicus (off Isso, 12 m, 1 

Sept. 2009, S. Harazaki). 

Pervagor janthinosoma (Bleeker, 1854) 

[Jpn name: Nishikikawahagi] (Fig. 615) 




Fig. 615. Pervagor janthinosoma (KAUM–I. 20079, 66.8 

mm SL). 

Pervagor melanocephalus (Bleeker, 1853) 

[Jpn name: Nuriwakekawahagi] 


Thamnaconus modestus (Günther, 1877) 

[Jpn name: Umazurahagi] 


236 


FAMILY OSTRACIIDAE 

Lactoria cornuta (Linnaeus, 1758) 

[Jpn name: Kongoufugu] 


Lactoria diaphana (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) 

[Jpn name: Umisuzume] 


Lactoria fornasini (Bianconi, 1846) 

[Jpn name: Shimaumisuzume] 


Ostracion cubicus Linnaeus, 1758 

[Jpn name: Minamihakofugu] (Fig. 616) 





Kurio. 

Fig. 616. Ostracion cubicus (upper: KAUM–I. 20106, 

42.4 mm SL; lower: off Isso, 10 m, 12 Dec. 2006, S. 

Harazaki). 

Ostracion immaculatus Temminck and Schlegel, 1850 

[Jpn name: Hakofugu] (Fig. 617) 


Arai and Ida (1975, as Ostracion tuberculatus): 



Island. Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 617. Ostracion immaculatus (KAUM–I. 11481, 147.7 

mm SL). 

Ostracion meleagris meleagris Shaw, 1796 

[Jpn name: Kurohakofugu] 



FAMILY TETRAODONTIDAE 

Arothron firmamentum (Temminck and Schlegel, 1850) 

[Jpn name: Hoshifugu] 


Arothron hispidus (Linnaeus, 1758) 

[Jpn name: Sazanamifugu] (Fig. 618) 


I. 11123, 17.7 mm SL, Matsumine; KAUM–I. 





MUFS 25440, 12.8 mm SL, Matsumine; MUFS 


mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91354, 59 mm SL, Yudomari; 

NSMT–P 91591, 33 mm SL, Nagakubo; 


Nagakubo. 


Fig. 618. Arothron hispidus (KAUM–I. 11172, 51.9 mm 

SL). 


Arothron nigropunctatus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) 

[Jpn name: Kokutenfugu] 


Arothron stellatus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) 

[Jpn name: Moyofugu] (Fig. 619) 

Fig. 619. Arothron stellatus (off Isso, 10 m, 11 July 2006, S. 

Harazaki). 

Canthigaster axiologus Whitley, 1933 

[Jpn name: Hanakinchakufugu] (Fig. 620) 



20346, 64.6 mm SL, Isso; NSMT–P 93180, 68.7 




Remarks: This species has long been regarded 

as Canthigaster coronata (Vaillant and Sauvage, 

1875). However, Randall et al. (2008) reviewed 

C. cornata and divided it into three species, C. 

cornata (Hawaiian Islands), C. axiologus Whitley, 

1933 (western Pacific), and their new species, C. 

cyanospilota (Indian Ocean and Red Sea). The 

Yaku-shima specimens are herein identified as C. 

axiologus. 

Fig. 620. Canthigaster axiologus (KAUM–I. 11476, 59.9 

mm SL). 

237

Canthigaster janthinoptera (Bleeker, 1855) 

[Jpn name: Shiborikinchakufugu] (Fig. 621) 


20296, 51 mm SL, Kurio. 


Fig. 621. Canthigaster janthinoptera (KAUM–I. 20296, 51 

mm SL). 

Canthigaster rivulata (Temminck and Schlegel, 1850) 

[Jpn name: Kitamakura] (Fig. 622) 



Fig. 622. Canthigaster rivulata (KAUM–I. 11288, 73.6 

mm SL). 

Canthigaster valentini (Bleeker, 1853) 

[Jpn name: Shimakinchakufugu] (Fig. 623) 



Lagocephalus gloveri Abe and Tabeta, 1983 

[Jpn name: Kurosabafugu] 


238 


Fig. 623. Canthigaster valentini (off Isso, 10 m, 12 Jan. 


Lagocephalus lagocephalus oceanicus Jordan and Evermann, 1903 

[Jpn name: Kumasakafugu] 


Lagocephalus sceleratus (Gmelin, 1789) 

[Jpn name: Senninfugu] 


Sphoeroides pachygaster (Müller and Troschel, 1848) 

[Jpn name: Yoritofugu] 


Takifugu niphobles (Jordan and Snyder, 1901) 

[Jpn name: Kusafugu] (Fig. 624) 


Miyanoura River; KAUM–I. 15416, 103.4 mm 









mouth of Ambo River; NSMT–P 77583, 90 mm 



83 mm SL, mouth of Ambo River; NSMT–P 

77586, 79 mm SL, mouth of Ambo River; NS- 

MT–P 77587, 78 mm SL, mouth of Ambo River; 

NSMT–P 77588, 86 mm SL, mouth of Ambo River; 

NSMT–P 77589, 73 mm SL, mouth of Ambo 

River; NSMT–P 77590, 80 mm SL, mouth of 

Ambo River; NSMT–P 77591, 82 mm SL, mouth 

of Ambo River; NSMT–P 77592, 69 mm SL, 


SL, mouth of Ambo River; NSMT–P 77594, 69











SL, mouth of Ambo River; NSMT–P 77604, 27 











SL, mouth of Ambo River; NSMT–P 77614, 20 






River; NSMT–P 77733, 30 mm SL, Nagakubo; 

NSMT–P 77734, 28 mm SL, Nagakubo; NSMT– 

P 77773, 30 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 77774, 28 

mm SL, Kurio. 


Fig. 624. Takifugu niphobles (KAUM–I. 11491, 64.3 mm 

SL). 


FAMILY DIODONTIDAE 

Chilomycterus reticulatus (Linnaeus, 1758) 

[Jpn name: Ishigakifugu] (Fig. 625) 


Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Chilomycterus affinis): 


Fig. 625. Chilomycterus reticulatus (MUFS 25518, 288.2 

mm SL). 

Diodon eydouxii Brissout and Barneville, 1846 

[Jpn name: Yaseharisembon] 


Diodon holocanthus Linnaeus, 1758 

[Jpn name: Harisembon] (Fig. 626) 


KAUM–I. 15714, 18.5 mm SL, off northwest of 


SL, off northwest of Yaku-shima Island; KAUM– 

I. 15862, 19.3 mm SL, off northwest of Yakushima 


off northwest of Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–I. 

20345, 135.7 mm SL, Isso. 



Kurio. 

Fig. 626. Diodon holocanthus (KAUM–I. 11512, 165.0 

mm SL). 

239

Diodon hystrix Linnaeus, 1758 

[Jpn name: Nezumifugu] (Fig. 627) 




Fig. 627. Diodon hystrix (KAUM–I. 11511, 291.6 mm SL). 

Diodon liturosus Shaw, 1804 

[Jpn name: Hitozuraharisembon] 


Discussion 

In this study, 951 fish species were confirmed 

to occur in the marine and estuarine waters of 

Yaku-shima Island, with 374 and 89 species representing 

the first records from the island based on 

collected specimens and underwater photographs 

respectively. The most speciose families of fishes 

in Yaku-shima Island are listed in Table 1. The 

top 24 families comprise 75.6% of the total fish 

fauna. The Gobiidae and Labridae are clearly the 

dominant families, with a total of 208 species representing 

more than one-fifth of total fish fauna. 

Senou et al. (2006a: table 1; 2007: table 1) 

ranked the most speciose families of Ie-jima Island 

and the Miyako Group, the Ryukyu Islands. 

There are no major differences in the ranking and 

number of species for most families among Yakushima 

Island, Ie-jima Island, and the Miyako 

Group. In fact, the top eight families occurring 

in Yaku-shima and Ie-jima Islands were identical 

in ranking (one to eight: Gobiidae, Labridae, 

Pomacentridae, Apogonidae, Serranidae, Blenniidae, 

Chaetodontidae, and Acanthuridae), and 

the percentage of the total fish fauna that these 

families represent are similar (48.5% in Yakushima 

Island vs. 53.6% in Ie-jima Island). On the 

240 


other hand, there are noteworthy differences in 

the family ranking between Yaku-shima Island 

and the Sagami Sea (Senou et al., 2006b: Table 1 

and revised table as erratum attached to reprint). 

The Sagami Sea is located off the Pacific coast 

of central Honshu, Japan, and Yaku-shima Island 

is located almost midway (based on latitude) between 

the Sagami Sea and the Ryukyu Islands (Iejima 

Island and the Miyako Group). Whereas the 

Pomacentridae was ranked as the fifth most speciose 

family occurring in the Sagami Sea, with 2.9% 

of total fish fauna, the family was ranked third 

in the lists of fishes of Yaku-shima and Ie-jima 

Islands, and the Miyako Group, with 6.9–9.6% of 

the total fish fauna. Apogonidae, the fourth ranked 

family in Yaku-shima and Ie-jima Islands, and the 

Miyako Group, was ranked eighth in the Sagami 

Sea. These two families are primarily tropical 

fishes. 

In addition, although the Myctophidae and 

Cottidae were listed as the fourteenth and fifteenth 

most speciose families respectively in the Sagami 

Sea, they were not listed from Yaku-shima and Iejima 

Islands, and the Miyako Group. The former 

was not recorded from Yaku-shima and Ie-jima 

Table1. Most speciose families of fishes in Yaku-shima 


Family Number of % of total 

species fish fauna 

Gobiidae 110 11.6 

Labridae 98 10.3 

Pomacentridae 66 6.9 

Apogonidae 45 4.7 

Serranidae 43 4.5 

Blenniidae 38 4.0 

Chaetodontidae 34 3.6 

Acanthuridae 28 2.9 

Muraenidae 24 2.5 

Scaridae 24 2.5 

Carangidae 23 2.4 

Lutjanidae 21 2.2 

Scorpaenidae 20 2.1 

Tripterygiidae 18 1.9 

Syngnathidae 16 1.7 

Balistidae 14 1.5 

Pomacanthidae 14 1.5 

Holocentridae 13 1.4 

Tetraodontidae 13 1.4 

Haemulidae 12 1.3 

Mullidae 12 1.3 

Scombridae 12 1.3 

Monacanthidae 11 1.2 

Exocoetidae 10 1.1 

Subtotal 719 75.6 

Other 87 families 232 24.4 

Total 951 100.0

Islands, and the Miyako Group, because no deepwater 

or offshore fisheries exist there. The latter is 

a primarily temperate and cold water family and 

does not occur in Yaku-shima Island and southward. 

These results indicate that the fish fauna of 

Yaku-shima Island is more similar to that of the 

Ryukyu Islands, rather than the Sagami Sea, 

although cluster analyses of UPGMA (Senou 

et al., 2006b: fig. 11) showed that there are two 

distinctive biogeographical regions in Japanese 

waters: one is the Japanese mainland and associated 

islands, including the Sagami Sea and Yakushima 

Island, and the other is the Ryukyu Islands. 

Because Senou et al.’s (2006b) analysis incorporated 

only 567 species from Yaku-shima Island 

(mostly based on a list by Ichikawa et al., 1992), 

similarities between the fish faunas of Yaku-shima 

Island and the Ryukyu Islands at least family 

composition level were probably underestimated. 

The Kuroshio Current flows from off the east of 

the Philippines to the Pacific coast of southern Japan, 

via Taiwan and west of the Ryukyu Islands, 

and regularly reaches along the coast of Yakushima 

Island (Fig. 1). The similarity between the 

fish faunas of Yaku-shima Island and the Ryukyu 

Islands is most likely caused by transportation 

of tropical fishes, such as the above mentioned 

families Apogonidae and Pomacentridae, by the 

Kuroshio Current from Taiwan or China to Yakushima 


However, some temperate species that occur 

off the Japanese mainland (and often off 

Taiwan) and do not occur in the Ryukyu Islands, 

are well established in Yaku-shima Island. For 

example, Acanthoplesiops psilogaster (Plesiopidae), 

Parupeneus spilurus (Mullidae), Istiblennius 

enosimae (Blenniidae), Parapercis kamoharai 

(Pinguipedidae), Amblyeleotris fontanesii (Gobiidae), 

Pandaka sp. (Gobiidae), and Gymnogobius 

petschiliensis (Gobiidae) are quite common at 

Yaku-shima Island, but no records of these species 

have been published from the Ryukyu Islands. 

Furthermore, Yaku-shima Island is the southern 

distributional limit of Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis 

(Osmeridae), a diadromous species widely 

distributed around the Japanese mainland, and 

this species is replaced with Plecoglossus altivelis 


ryukyuensis in the Ryukyu Islands. Occurrence of 

such species in Yaku-shima Island may be caused 

by the transportation of fishes (especially at larval 

and juvenile stages) from southern Kyushu by 

the Osumi Branch Current that irregularly occurs 

between Osumi Peninsula and Yaku-shima Island, 

and some species possibly from Taiwan by the 

Kuroshio Current (Fig. 1). 

In southern Japan, several species are known 

to have speciated in the north and south of the 

Tokara Islands (e.g., Senou et al., 2006b), resulting 

in two sister species being allopatrically distributed 

in the Japanese mainland with associated 

islands, including Yaku-shima Island (north of the 

Tokara Islands), and the Ryukyu Islands (south of 

the Tokara Islands). However, our surveys unexpectedly 

revealed that, in some cases, two sister 

species occur sympatrically at Yaku-shima Island. 

For example, two closely related gerreids, Gerres 

equulus (primarily distributed around the Japanese 

mainland) and G. oyena (Ryukyu Islands); 

two sparids, Acanthopagrus schlegelii (Japanese 

mainland) and A. sivicolus (Ryukyu Islands); and 

two ostraciids, Ostracion immaculatus (Japanese 

mainland) and O. cubicus (Ryukyu Islands) occur 

at Yaku-shima Island. This is the first discovery 

in southern Japan where two primarily allopatric 

sister species in several families occur at the same 

island. 

As mentioned above, the marine and estuarine 

fish fauna of Yaku-shima Island is composed of 

a mixture of fishes primarily distributed in the 

Japanese mainland (and Taiwan) and the Ryukyu 

Islands, indicating that the species composition in 

Yaku-shima Island is clearly accounted for by the 

location of the island relative to the Kuroshio Current. 

The Kuroshio Current around Yaku-shima 

Island works not only as a kind of conveyor belt 

for fishes of the Ryukyu Islands and Taiwan but 

also as a strong barrier for fishes of the Japanese 

mainland. The latter role of the current inhibits 

fishes of Yaku-shima Island from extending their 

distribution southward to the Ryukyu Islands. 

Incidentally, we found that some species 

considered to be relatively rare or observed sporadically 

in Japanese waters, have considerably 

large populations around Yaku-shima Island. For 

example, Pomadasys quadrilineatus (Haemulidae) 

241

and Pentapodus aureofasciatus (Nemipteridae) 

form numerous schools, each with more than 100 

individuals, and were observed throughout the 

year at various life stages off Yaku-shima Island 

(Motomura and Harazaki, 2007; Matsunuma et 

al., 2009). Although these species are common in 

Taiwan and Yaku-shima Island, they have only 

sporadically been collected and never observed in 

schools off the Pacific coast of the Japanese mainland. 

This suggests that the Yaku-shima Island 

populations of these species probably originated 

in Taiwan and/or adjacent waters, and most of the 

sporadically collected individuals along the Japanese 

mainland may have been supplied from the 

established populations at Yaku-shima Island. So, 

Yaku-shima Island appears to be a major source 

of some tropical fish supply to the Pacific coast of 

the Japanese mainland. 

Acknowledgments 

We are especially grateful to M. Yamada (Kagoshima 

Aquarium, Japan), M. Tsuboi (Graduate 

School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 

Japan), H. Sakakibara (formerly FRLM), K. 

Miyamoto, S. Yoshinaga and K. Kudo (formerly 

MUFS), M. Yamamura (BSKU), H. Iwatsubo and 

T. Haraguchi (Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima 

University, Japan), S. N. Chiba (Graduate School 

of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 

Japan), B. M. M. Matsumoto and A. Estim (Universiti 

Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia), S. Arbsuwan 

(Kasetsart University, Thailand), and N. B. Shaharim 

(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia) 

for their assistance with collecting fishes from 

Yaku-shima Island during this study. We thank D. 

Catania (CAS) for providing data for Yaku-shima 

specimens at his collection, T. Suzuki (Amagasaki 

Senior High School, Japan) for valuable information 

on taxonomy of gobiid fishes, N. Mochioka 

(Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental 

Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan) and 

T. Yamamoto (Fisheries Division, Japan International 

Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, 

Japan) for providing data and images of Anguilla 

spp., M. Aizawa (BLIP) for providing an image 

of Sebastapistes, Y. Haraguchi, M. Takayama and 

other volunteers of KAUM, and R. Takahashi and 

other volunteers of KPM for their curatorial as- 

242 


sistance, A. Nishina (Kagoshima University) for 

valuable information on the Kuroshio Current, 

K. Uchimura (Graduate School of Science and 

Engineering, Kagoshima University, Japan) for 

providing maps of Figures 1 and 2, Y. Hasuka and 

E. Masuda (Kagoshima University, Japan) for arrangements 

of the Kagoshima University Yakushima 

Field Station, and G. Yearsley (Hobart, 

Australia) for checking the manuscript. This study 

was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific 

Research (A) from the Japan Society for the 

Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan (19208019) 

and a Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B) from 

the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and 

Culture, Japan (19770067). 

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