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Rice Weevil (Sitophilus oryzae)
- 1. AB 2111 POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY RICE WEEVIL Sitophilus oryzae By W.A.G.E.WIJELATH (AG/12/FT/024) N.H.G.T.MADUSHANI (AG/12/FT/012) Department of Food Science and Technology Faculty of Agriculture University of Peradeniya RICE WEEVIL 1
- 2. Content • Taxonomy • Life cycle • Morphology • Behaviour • Habitat • Signs of infestation • Damages • Control RICE WEEVIL 2
- 3. Taxonomy Kingdom : Animalia Phylum : Arthropoda Class : Insecta Order : Coleoptera Family : Curculionidae Subfamily : Dryophthorinae Genus : Sitophilus Species : S. oryzae RICE WEEVIL 3
- 4. Life Cycle Consists of four stages • Egg stage • Larval stage • Pupa stage • Adult stage RICE WEEVIL 4
- 6. Morphology Larvae • White to creamy white • Legless • Humpbacked • Fleshy grub • Soft RICE WEEVIL 6
- 7. Pupa • White • Black, hard head • Movable segments Adult • 2-3 mm in length • Reddish brown to black in colour • 4 light yellow or reddish spots on elytra • Long, slender snout RICE WEEVIL 7
- 8. • Irregularly shaped pits on thorax • Smooth, narrow strip extending down the middle of the back • Fully developed wings RICE WEEVIL 8
- 9. Behaviour • Internal feeders • Active fliers • Attracted to lights • When disturbed, adults pull in their legs, fall to the ground, and feign death RICE WEEVIL 9
- 10. Habitat Usually found in • Grain storage facilities • Food processing plants • Food markets RICE WEEVIL 10
- 11. They usually infest • Stored rice • Wheat • Corn • Rye • Barley • Sorghum RICE WEEVIL 11
- 12. Signs of Infestation • Heating at the surface • Increased moisture levels • Seeds with round holes RICE WEEVIL 12
- 13. Damages • Larvae develop within the seeds consuming the endosperm • Adults feed on whole seeds or flour • The adult leaves a large, ragged exit hole in the kernel • Feeding contributes to heating and infested grain is often damp due to moisture added by the insects’ respiration RICE WEEVIL 13
- 14. Control • Preventing the insects from entering the storage • Pest-proof containers • Proper bin sanitation before introduction of new grain • Cleaning bins regularly • Addition of dry ice RICE WEEVIL 14
- 15. • Fumigation • Application of insecticide • Use of natural repellents • Locating and removing all potentially infected food sources • Repackaging products in new uninfected packages • Freezing infected food below -17.7°C (0°F) for three days • Heating to 60°C (140°F) for 15 minutes RICE WEEVIL 15
- 16. Reference • Public Health Vectors and Pests (2013) Rice Weevil [online] Available from: http://www.kznhealth.gov.za/environ/vector/riceweevil.htm [Accessed on: 05/05/2015] • The Pennsylvania State University (2015) Weevils on Stored Grain [online] Available from: http://ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/weevils-on- stored-grain [Accessed on: 05/05/2015] • Canadian Grain Commission (2013) Rice weevil [online] Available from: https://www.grainscanada.gc.ca/storage-entrepose/pip-irp/rw-cr-eng.htm [Accessed on: 05/05/2015] RICE WEEVIL 16
- 17. Thank You RICE WEEVIL 17