Wuchereria bancrofti
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Wuchereria bancrofti is a parasitic roundworm that causes lymphatic filariasis. It lives in the lymphatic system of humans and is transmitted by mosquitoes. The adult female worms release microfilariae that circulate in the bloodstream and can be detected via blood smears between 8 PM and 4 AM. Infection leads to swelling of the limbs and genitals known as elephantiasis. Diagnosis involves blood smears to detect microfilariae while treatment consists of medications like diethylcarbamazine, ivermectin, and albendazole. Prevention focuses on mosquito control and public education.
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Wuchereria bancrofti
- 2. Wuchereria bancrofti is a human parasitic roundworm that is the major cause of lymphatic filariasis.
- 3. Superfamily: Filariodea Subfamily: Acanthocheilonematinae Genus: Wuchereria Specie: W. bancrofti
- 4. Otto Wucherer Joseph Bancroft W. bancrofti was named after physician Otto Wucherer and parasitologist Joseph Bancroft.
- 5. Morphology Adult worms (dioecious): Female 80- 100 mm in length ovoviviparous Male 40 mm by 0.1 mm
- 6. Morphology Microfilariae: 244- 296 um by 7.5- 10 um Nuclei not reaching tail end No terminal nuclei Nuclei regularly spaced, dispersed Bigger, wider than B. Malayi Graceful sweeping curves Short head space (as long as broad) Sheath unstained with Giemsa Bluntly rounded anteriorly and pointed caudally
- 7. Microfilaria - is a miniature adult that retains the egg membrane as a sheath.
- 8. Characteristics Habitat of Adult worm : Lymphatic system Habitat of Microfilaria: Blood Intermediate Host : Anopheles minimus var. Flavirostris - principal vector for malaria in Philippines - bite indoors, night- biters Others: Aedes poecilus ( in axils of plants) Definitive Host : Man
- 9. Characteristics Periodicity: Nocturnal periodicity, EXCEPT South Pacific microfilariae Nocturnal periodicity: 8 PM- 4 AM = best time to collect Microfilariae may not be demonstrable in peripheral blood if: - low intensity of infection - dead worms - obstructed lymphatics
- 10. Life Cycle
- 11. Epidemiology Tropical areas worldwide India SEA Pacific Islands Africa South America Central America
- 12. Epidemiology Philippines Camarines Sur/ Norte Albay Sorsogon Mindoro Masbate Romblon Marinduque Bohol Samar Leyte Palawan Mountain Province All provinces of Mindanao
- 13. Pathogenesis Lymphedema • abnormal accumulation of lymph in tissues causing swelling of arms, breasts, or genitals.
- 14. Pathogenesis Elephantiasis • disabling and disfiguring lymphedema of the limbs, breasts, and genitals, accompanied by marked thickening of the skin.
- 15. Pathogenesis Hydrocoele • fluid- filled balloon- like enlargement of the sacs around the testes.
- 16. Diagnosis Direct methods (visualization of larval stage or microfilaria and adult worm) Microfilaria can be seen on peripheral blood or other body fluids (eg. urine, ascitic, hydrocoele, or lymph fluid). Wet smear examination under the microscope where motility can also be seen Examination of stained peripheral blood smear which is also useful in species identification based on morphologic features of organism, especially the tail end Thick or concentrated blood smears concentration smears are useful in patients with low parasetimia blood sample is taken during the period in the day when the juveniles are in the peripheral circulation.
- 17. Diagnosis Direct Methods X- ray adult worms can be demonstrated in lymph node biopsy calcified adult worms are visualized Doppler Ultrasonography detect presence of motile adult worms in dilated lymphatics
- 18. Diagnosis Indirect Methods Peripheral blood eosinophilia Elevated serum IgE concentration Presence of antifilarial serum antibody Intradermal complement fixation tests
- 19. Treatment diethylcarbamazine (DEC) ivermectin oralbendazole
- 20. Prevention and Control Insect repellants Use of mosquito nets Public education
- 21. END