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    BeerasandrapalyaRangaiahRavikumar
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    Wuchereria bancrofti causes lymphatic filariasis, also known as elephantiasis, which affects over 120 million people worldwide. The parasite is transmitted through mosquito bites and infects the human lymphatic system. There are three phases of infection: asymptomatic, inflammatory, and obstructive. In the inflammatory phase, the immune response to adult worms causes lymphedema, orchitis, and epididymitis. In the obstructive phase, lymph vessels are enlarged causing lymph scrotum and elephantiasis. Repeated attacks can lead to non-pitting edema and thickened skin on the legs.

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    Wuchereria bancrofti causes lymphatic filariasis, also known as elephantiasis, which affects over 120 million people worldwide. The parasite is transmitted through mosquito bites and infects the human lymphatic system. There are three phases of infection: asymptomatic, inflammatory, and obstructive. In the inflammatory phase, the immune response to adult worms causes lymphedema, orchitis, and epididymitis. In the obstructive phase, lymph vessels are enlarged causing lymph scrotum and elephantiasis. Repeated attacks can lead to non-pitting edema and thickened skin on the legs.

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    2K views17 pages

    Microbiolgy PPT Wuchereria Bancrofti

    Uploaded by

    BeerasandrapalyaRangaiahRavikumar
    Wuchereria bancrofti causes lymphatic filariasis, also known as elephantiasis, which affects over 120 million people worldwide. The parasite is transmitted through mosquito bites and infects the human lymphatic system. There are three phases of infection: asymptomatic, inflammatory, and obstructive. In the inflammatory phase, the immune response to adult worms causes lymphedema, orchitis, and epididymitis. In the obstructive phase, lymph vessels are enlarged causing lymph scrotum and elephantiasis. Repeated attacks can lead to non-pitting edema and thickened skin on the legs.

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    Wuchereria bancrofti

    PATHOGENESIS

    INTRODUCTION
    W. Bancrofti causes lymphatic
    filariasis
    This is also known as elephantiasis
    It affects over 120 million people
    worldwide

    PATHOGENICITY
    MODE OF INFECTION : mosquito bite
    Transmitting Agent : Female mosquito (Culex, Aedes)
    INFECTIVE FORM Third stage of larvae
    Portal of entry Skin
    Site of localisation- Lymphatic system of superior or inferior
    extremities according to site of bite, most commonly of
    inguino-scrotal region

    Periodicity
    Microfilaria are present in the peripheral blood at certain times of
    the day
    During the night (10 p.m.-2 a.m.)
    Maximum number of microfilaria present in the peripheral blood

    During the day


    Microfilaria are concentrated in blood vessels of deep tissues
    of the body (pulmonary capillaries, etc)

    Pathogenesis
    6-12 months must pass before the
    microfilariae mature into adults
    Once a person is infected, microfilariae can
    be produced for up to 10 years.
    There are 3 phases of infections:
    asymptomatic
    inflammatory (acute)
    obstructive

    Pathogenesis Continued
    Asymptomatic Phase
    High levels of microfilaria in the blood
    No symptoms present

    Inflammatory (Acute) Phase


    Inflammatory responses happen in response to antigens from adult
    worms

    Lymphedemaswelling due to blockage of lymph vessels


    Orchitisinflammation of the testes
    Epididymitisinflammation of the spermatic cord

    Obstructive Phase
    Lymph varicesenlarged lymph vessels
    (synonymous with varicose veins)
    Lymph scrotum

    Chylurialymph in urine (milky and sometimes


    bloody urine)
    Elephantiasisenlargement of limbs and
    thickening of the skin due to repeated
    inflammatory episodes

    Occult filariasis
    (Meyers Kouwenaar Syndrome)
    It occurs as a result of hypersensitivity reaction
    to microfilarial antigens
    Microfilariae are not found in blood, as they are
    destroyed in the tissues.

    Clinical manifestations
    Massive eosinophilia
    Hepato-splenomegaly
    Pulmonary symptoms like dry nocturnal cough,
    dyspnea, asthamatic wheezing

    Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia


    (Eosinophilic Lung ; Weingartens Syndrome)
    Manifestation of occult filariasis, presents with low
    grade fever, loss of weight, dyspnea
    Children and young adults more commonly affected
    Marked increase in eosinophil count
    Chest x-ray mottled shadows similar to miliary
    tuberculosis
    Associated with high level of serum IgE and filarial
    antibodies.

    Difference between classical and occult


    Filariasis
    Classical
    filariasis

    Occult
    filariasis

    Cause

    Developing worms
    and adults

    Microfilariae

    Basic lesion

    Acute inflammation
    Eosinophilic
    followed by an
    granuloma
    epitheliod granuloma
    surrounding adult
    worm and fibrous scar

    Organs involved

    Lymphatic vessel and


    nodes

    Lymphatic system ,
    lung ,liver, spleen

    Microfilariae

    Present in blood

    Present in affected
    tissue

    Therapeutic
    Serological
    response

    No response to drugs

    Response to drug DEC

    test

    CFT not so
    sensitive

    CFT highly
    sensitive

    Clinical manifestation
    Most common presentations are asymptomatic microfilaremia,
    acute adeno-lymphangitis, & chronic lymphatic disease
    ADL- High fever, lymphatic inflammation and transient local
    edema
    Lymphangitisinflamed lymph vessel seen as red streaks
    underneath the skin
    Acute lymphangitis Caused by allergic or inflammatory
    reaction to filarial infection
    Filarial fever Filarial lymphangitis is usually accompanied
    by raise of temperature ranging from 103 to 104F which
    continue for several days (3-5days) .Temperature comes
    down with profuse sweating .

    Lymphadenitis - Inflammation of lymph


    node most common affected inguinal,
    axillary lymph node

    Lymphedema - Repeated attacks of


    lymphangitis- usually starts as swelling
    around ankle, spreading to back of the foot
    and leg ,initially pitting type, later hard

    Lymphoangiovarix -Dilation of lymph


    vessel commonly occurs in inguinal, scrotal,
    testicular, and abdominal sites
    Lymphorrhagia Rupture of lymph varices
    leading to release of lymph or chyle&
    resulting in chylria, chylous diarrhea,
    chylous ascites and chylothorax.
    Secondary bacterial infection
    (streptococcus pyogenes/ staphylococcus
    aureus)- Septic lymphangitis, abscesses and
    septicemia

    Hydrocele- Accumulation of

    fluid due obstruction of lymph


    vessels of spermatic cord and
    also by exudation from the
    inflamed testes and epididymis,
    may be unilateral or bilateral

    Elephantiasis - Delayed sequel to


    repeated lymphangitis, obstruction and
    lymphedema , In elephantiasis there is
    non pitting brawny edema with growth
    of new adventitious tissue and thickened
    skin cracks, fissures with secondary
    bacterial and fungal infection, commonly
    seen on the legs.

    THANK
    YOU..!!

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