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ZOOTAXA
ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition)
ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition)
Copyright © 2011 · Magnolia Press
Zootaxa 2947: 1–154 (2011)
www.mapress.com/zootaxa/Monograph
ZOOTAXA
Catalog of the anomuran and brachyuran crabs (Crustacea:
Decapoda: Anomura, Brachyura) of the Hawaiian Islands
PETER CASTRO
Biological Sciences Department, California State Polytechnic University,
Pomona, CA 91768–4032. E-mail: pcastro@csupomona.edu
Magnolia Press
Auckland, New Zealand
2947
CASTRO
2 · Zootaxa 2947 © 2011 Magnolia Press
PETER CASTRO
Catalog of the anomuran and brachyuran crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura, Brachyura) of the
Hawaiian Islands
(Zootaxa 2947)
154 pp.; 30 cm.
8 July 2011
ISBN 978-1-86977-739-5 (paperback)
ISBN 978-1-86977-740-1 (Online edition)
FIRST PUBLISHED IN 2011 BY
Magnolia Press
P.O. Box 41-383
Auckland 1346
New Zealand
e-mail: zootaxa@mapress.com
http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/
© 2011 Magnolia Press
All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, transmitted or disseminated, in any form, or by any
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other than private research use.
ISSN 1175-5326 (Print edition)
ISSN 1175-5334 (Online edition)
Zootaxa 2947 © 2011 Magnolia Press · 3
CATALOG OF HAWAIIAN CRABS
Table of contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Biogeography of the Anomura and Brachyura of the Hawaiian Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
List of taxa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
Infraorder Anomura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
Superfamily Chirostyloidea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
Family Chirostylidae. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
Family Eumunididae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
Superfamily Galatheoidea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Family Galatheidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Family Munididae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
Family Porcellanidae. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Superfamily Hippoidea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
Family Albuneidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
Family Hippidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Superfamily Lithodoidea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Family Lithodidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Superfamily Paguroidea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
Family Coenobitidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
Family Diogenidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
Family Paguridae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
Family Parapaguridae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
Infraorder Brachyura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
Superfamily Dromioidea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
Family Dromiidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
Family Dynomenidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
Superfamily Homoloidea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
Family Homolidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
Family Latreilliidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
Superfamily Raninoidea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
Family Raninidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
Superfamily Aethroidea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
Family Aethridae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
Superfamily Calappoidea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
Family Calappidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
Superfamily Cancroidea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
Family Cancridae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
Superfamily Carpiloidea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
Family Carpiliidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
Superfamily Dairoidea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
Family Dairidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
Superfamily Dorippoidea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
Family Ethusidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
Superfamily Eriphioidea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
Family Dairoididae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
Family Eriphiidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
Family Menippidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
Family Oxiidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
Family Platyxanthidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
Superfamily Goneplacoidea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
Family Euryplacidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
Family Goneplacidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
Family Mathildellidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
Family Progeryonidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
Superfamily Leucosoidea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
Family Leucosiidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
Superfamily Majoidea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
Family Epialtidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
Family Inachidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51
Family Majidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
Superfamily Palicoidea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
Family Crossotonotidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
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4 · Zootaxa 2947 © 2011 Magnolia Press
Family Palicidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
Superfamily Parthenopoidea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56
Family Parthenopidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56
Superfamily Pilumnoidea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
Family Eumedonidae. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
Family Pilumnidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
Superfamily Portunoidea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
Family Carcinidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
Family Macropipidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
Family Portunidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64
Superfamily Pseudozioidea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77
Family Pseudoziidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77
Superfamily Trapezioidea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78
Family Domeciidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78
Family Tetraliidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79
Family Trapeziidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79
Superfamily Trichodactyloidea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83
Family Trichodactylidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83
Superfamily Xanthoidea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83
Family Panopeidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83
Family Xanthidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84
Superfamily Cryptochiroidea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111
Family Cryptochiridae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Superfamily Grapsoidea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113
Family Gecarcinidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113
Family Grapsidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Family Percnidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117
Family Plagusiidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118
Family Sesarmidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119
Family Varunid ae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121
Superfamily Ocypodoidea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122
Family Macrophthalmidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122
Family Ocypodidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123
Superfamily Pinnotheroidea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124
Family Aphanodactylidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xxx
Abstract
A total of 68 species of anomuran and 284 living species of brachyuran crabs are listed as reliably occurring in the Ha-
waiian Islands. These figures include 12 species of brachyurans known to have been introduced, but not four species of
anomurans and nine brachyurans whose identifications are questionable and two species of anomurans and 14 brachyurans
that appear to have been recorded from the islands in error. Five species of anomurans and one brachyuran so far only
known from the Midway Islands are included in the total number of Hawaiian species, but not five species of brachyurans
only known from Johnston Atoll that are included only for their biogeographical interest. The Hawaiian crab fauna shows
a predominance of wide ranging Indo-West Pacific species (41% of Anomura, 58% of Brachyura), some degree of ende-
micity (37% of Anomura, 14% of Brachyura), but it is much impoverished in terms of total number of species when com-
pared with the crab fauna of the Indo-Malayan Archipelago, regarded as a center of diversification for many marine taxa.
Several taxonomic changes are also made: Trapezia neglecta Castro, 2003, is ascertained to be a junior synonym of T.
intermedia Miers, 1886, and a lectotype and a paralectotype are selected for Grapsus oceanicus Hombron & Jacquinot,
1846 (Grapsidae).
Key words: Crustacea, Anomura, Brachyura, Hawaiian Islands, biogeography, biodiversity, endemicity, introduced spe-
cies, taxonomy
Introduction
Except for relatively small collections reported by Owen (1839), Randall (1840), and Gibbes (1850), the first impor-
tant collections of anomuran and brachyuran crabs in the Hawaiian Islands were made by some of the scientific
Zootaxa 2947 © 2011 Magnolia Press · 5
CATALOG OF HAWAIIAN CRABS
expeditions that visited the archipelago during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries (see Kay 1994). Such was
the case of American expeditions like the United States Exploring Expedition, which visited the Hawaiian Islands
from 1840 to 1841 (anomuran and brachyuran crabs from the Hawaiian Islands reported by Dana 1851a, 1851b,
1851c, 1852a, 1852b), the 1853 56 North Pacific Exploring Expedition that visited the archipelago during its return
leg in 1856 (Stimpson 1857, 1858a, 1858b, 1859, 1907; see Vasile et al. 2005), the 1873–75 North Pacific Surveying
Expedition (Streets 1877) that visited the archipelago in 1873, and the collections made by the Albatross in 1891 and
1902 (Rathbun 1894, 1906, 1907). Rathbun (1906) also reported on additional Hawaiian collections deposited in
several museums in the United States. Other early collections of crabs were made by European expeditions: the
French La Bonite in 1836 (Eydoux & Souleyet 1842), the British Challenger in 1875 (Miers 1886), and the Italian
Vettor Pisani in 1884 (Cano 1889a, b). Also important were collections made by H. Schauinsland in Laysan in
1896–97 (Schauinsland 1899; Lenz 1901) and by the Tanager Expedition to the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands in
1923–24 (Edmondson 1925).
The Hawaiian Archipelago is referred to in the early accounts as the “Sandwich Islands,” a name given in 1778
by its assumed European discoverer, Captain James Cook, in honor of the Earl of Sandwich, a sponsor of Cook’s
expeditions. The same name, but as “Sandwich Island” in the singular, was given by Cook to the islands of Efate
(Vate) in Vanuatu and Dyaul (Djaul) in the Bismark Archipelago, Papua New Guinea (see Motteler 1986). After its
political unification in 1810, the archipelago was officially known in succession as the kingdom, republic, territory,
and state of Hawai‘i, the same name of its largest island, a situation that causes confusion in cases where only
“Hawaii” is given as the type locality or in the geographical distribution of a species.
A major contribution to our knowledge of the taxonomy of the crabs of the Hawaiian Islands and neighboring
island groups was the extensive work of Edmondson (1922, 1923a, 1923b, 1925, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1935,
1946 [revised 1933 edition], 1949, 1951, 1952, 1954, 1959, 1962a, 1962b). A more recent contribution was the 2006
expedition to French Frigate Shoals, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands sponsored by the Census of Marine Life’s Cen-
sus of Coral Reefs, which resulted in the discovery of new Hawaiian species (e.g. Martin et al. 2009; Ng N.K. &
Martin 2010) and new records for the archipelago.
Eldredge & Evenhuis (2003) stated that 73 species of Anomura and 323 Brachyura occurred in the Hawaiian
Islands, whereas McLaughlin et al. (2005) listed 66 species of Anomura and 302 Brachyura. These figures, however,
included dubious and non-verifiable records as well as erroneous identifications given in the literature. A total of 68
species of Anomura (Table 1) and 284 living species of Brachyura (Table 2) are listed here, a figure that includes
only reliable occurrences, several recently described species and new records, and three “forms” of Xanthidae.
This catalog aims to serve as a useful reference and at the same time stimulate additional work on these Hawai-
ian taxa, some of which are poorly known. Additional species, some new to science, are certainly waiting to be
recorded or described, particularly from the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands and from deep water elsewhere in the
archipelago. It is also likely that the Hawaiian populations of some previously recorded species found elsewhere will
ultimately show, particularly by the use of molecular analyses, to represent endemic species.
Several types of information are provided for each of the species listed:
List of species. All genera and species are listed alphabetically within each family. The authorship and current
status of the species have been updated following, if available, recent revisions (given under Taxonomy of species;
see below) and, with a few exceptions, McLaughlin et al. (2010), Osawa & McLaughlin (2010), and Boyko &
McLaughlin (2010) for Anomura, and Ng et al. (2008) for Brachyura. The date of publication of the genera of
Brachyura described from the Challenger material by E.J. Miers follows Froglia & Clark (2011). The names of lar-
vae follow the terminology of Clark et al. (1998). A question mark (?) precedes the names of species with question-
able identifications; an asterisk (*) those doubtfully recorded or known to have been recorded in error; (I) those
known to have been introduced; (J) those brachyurans recorded from Johnston Atoll, not from the Hawaiian Islands
(see below).
The original publication where the species were described, in most cases the original volume of the serial rather
than a reprint, was verified for each of the species. Full bibliographic references for the authorships of species are
listed in the References except for those of junior synonyms (unless the type locality was the Hawaiian Islands), gen-
era, and supra-generic taxa. The type locality and the current status, location, and catalog number of the type mate-
rial are given in brackets. The museums and institutions where the extant type materials are deposited are indicated
by the following acronyms, which are also used throughout the text:
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6 · Zootaxa 2947 © 2011 Magnolia Press
AHF Allan Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California (now in LACM)
AM Australian Museum, Sydney
ANSP Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
BPBM Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawai‘i
CBM-ZC Natural History Museum & Institute, Chiba, Japan
HMP Hamaya Marine Products Co., Hokkaido, Japan
IM Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata (Calcutta), India
KMNH Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural History, Odawara, Japan
LACM Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, California
MCSNM Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, Milan, Italy
MCZ Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
MFR The Marine Fishery Resource Research Center, Tokyo, Japan
MMUS MacLeay Museum Collection (Australian Museum), Sydney
MNHN Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France
MOM Musée Océanographique de Monaco, Monaco
MPL Musée de Port Louis, Mauritius Institute, Mauritius
MS Musée de Zoologie de l’Université de Strasbourg, France
NHM The Natural History Museum, London, U.K.
NHMW Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria
NHRM Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden
NMNZ Te Papa Museum Tongarewa (National Museum of New Zealand), Wellington
NMV National Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
NSMT National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, Japan
NTOU National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung
POLIPI Puslitbang Oseanologi – LIPI, Jakarta, Indonesia
RMNH Naturalis, Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum (formerly Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie),
Leiden, the Netherlands
SAM South African Museum, Cape Town
SMF Naturmuseum Senckenberg, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
UF Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville
UMZC University Museum of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K.
USNM United States National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
UZMC Universitetets Zoologiske Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark
VMM Vanderbilt Marine Museum, Centerport, New York
WAM Western Australian Museum, Perth
ZMA Zöologisch Museum, Universiteit van Amsterdam, the Netherlands
ZMB Zoologisches Museum, Museum für Naturkunde, Humboldt Universität, Berlin, Germany
ZMG Zoologisches Museum, Göttingen, Germany
ZMH Zoologisches Institut und Zoologisches Museum der Univertsität, Hamburg, Germany
ZMK Zoologisches Museum der Universität Kiel, Germany
ZRC Zoological Reference Collection, Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, National University of Sin-
gapore
ZSM Zoologische Staatssammlung, Munich, Germany
The listed superfamilies and families of Anomura follow the checklists of De Grave et al. (2009), McLaughlin
et al. (2010), Osawa & McLaughlin (2010), Boyko & McLaughlin (2010), and the revisions of Galatheoidea by
Ahyong et al. (2010) and of Chirostyloidea by Schnabel & Ahyong (2010). The superfamilies, families, and sub-
families of Brachyura, with a few exceptions, follow the checklists of Ng et al. (2008) and De Grave et al. (2009).
Exceptions include the subfamilies of Dynomenidae that were established more recently by Guinot (2008) and the
families Aphanodactylidae and Percnidae established by Ahyong & Ng (2009) and Schubart & Cuesta (2010)
respectively. The superfamilies and families of Anomura are listed alphabetically; the superfamilies of Brachyura
follow the arrangement of Ng et al. (2008), while families are listed alphabetically within each superfamily. The
sections and subsections of Brachyura follow Ng et al. (2008). The positions of Cryptochiroidea and
Pinnotheroidea under Thoracotremata, however, remain uncertain.
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CATALOG OF HAWAIIAN CRABS
Records and references of Hawaiian Islands species. Records in the scientific literature and popular guides are
only listed if the authors are known to have examined, studied, or photographed material from the Hawaiian
Islands. Also listed are references to aspects of the ecology, behavior, and physiology of the species as given in the
scientific literature. Most university theses on Hawaiian crabs are not included because information contained in
practically all of them was eventually published in the scientific literature. The exceptions are two unpublished
University of Hawai‘i at M noa M.S. theses (MacNamee 1961; Barry 1965) that contain valuable information on
cryptochirid and trapeziid crabs respectively, and that are not published elsewhere. Not listed in the catalog are
records in unpublished environmental impact reports and in passim references to specimens or lists of species
where there is clear evidence that the author(s) did not examine the particular material. Individual references to
Hawaiian species in the list of North American aquatic crustaceans of McLaughlin et al. (2005) or of several lists
of introduced species to the Hawaiian Islands (such as that of Carlton & Eldredge 2009) are therefore not included,
with the exception of a species illustrated by a color photograph in McLaughlin et al. (2005) and an instance of a
specimen listed as examined by Carlton & Eldredge (2009). Most technical reports published by the Bishop
Museum are available at http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/ publications/tech-reports.html (accessed May 2011).
Geographic locations of records are listed from west to east, north to south. Records for the main Hawaiian
Islands are listed first, followed by the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (including Midway Islands). The Midway
Islands, although politically not part of the state of Hawai‘i, are geographically part of the Hawaiian chain of
islands, often referred to as the Hawaiian Archipelago. Five species of anomurans and one brachyuran that are only
known from the Midway Islands are therefore included in the total number of Hawaiian endemic species. Although
Johnston Atoll is not part of the Hawaiian Islands, records for the atoll, including species of brachyurans not found
in the Hawaiian Islands (as “J”), are listed for their biogeographical interest because the atoll is only about 833 km
south of French Frigate Shoals in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands.
The abbreviation “H.I.” is used whenever records did not refer to any specific locations in the main islands,
including “Sandwich Islands;” “N.W.I.” for the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands when no specific locations were
given. “Hawai‘i” refers to the island of Hawai‘i and not to the state of Hawai‘i. Orthography of topographic names
follows Motteler (1986) and the eighth edition (2005) of National Geographic Atlas of the World, Washington,
D.C. This includes the more familiar names for the islands and atolls of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, for
which Hawaiian names are nevertheless available (e.g. Toonen et al. 2011: fig. 1).
Taxonomy of species. One or more references, particularly those that discuss or revise the current taxonomic status
and/or those with taxonomic keys or useful illustrations, are given for each species.
Geographical distribution and habitat of species. The limits of the biogeographical and other regions cited are
defined in the captions of Tables 1 and 2. Known depths throughout the geographical distribution of each species
are given in meters, changed from English units when given as such in the original records.
Abbreviations. The abbreviations cl and cw are used for carapace length and carapace width respectively.
Biogeography of the Anomura and Brachyura of the Hawaiian Islands
Most anomuran and brachyuran crabs reliably recorded from the Hawaiian Islands belong to wide ranging species
that are distributed across the Indo-West Pacific region, a distribution pattern already commented upon by early
workers (e.g. Rathbun 1906; Edmondson 1923a, 1941). Wide ranging Indo-West Pacific species account for 41%
of the 68 reliably identified species of anomurans (i.e. not counting four questionably identified species) listed here
(Table 1), 58% of the 284 reliably identified living species of brachyurans, and 61% of the 272 native brachyurans,
which exclude introduced, or nonindigenous, species (Table 2).
The predominance in the Hawaiian Islands of species that are found throughout the Indo-West Pacific region
has also been indicated among other taxa and locations in the region (see Paulay 1997). Of the groups of
invertebrates and fishes inventoried by Kay (1984), for example, 37% were species occurring throughout the Indo-
West Pacific region, including 60% of the xanthid crabs (Brachyura, Xanthidae), but only 20% of cryptochirid
crabs (Brachyura, Cryptochiridae), figures that are updated to 69% of xanthids and 25% of cryptochirids when the
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8 · Zootaxa 2947 © 2011 Magnolia Press
reliably identified species listed here are included. This predominance in the Hawaiian Islands of crustacean
species found throughout the Indo-West Pacific has also been noted by other authors: 69% of the brachyuran crabs
of French Polynesia (Forest & Guinot 1962), 52% of the brachyurans of the western Indian Ocean (Guinot 1967b),
and 53% of trapeziids (Brachyura, Trapeziidae) and 89% of tetraliids (Brachyura, Tetraliidae) (updated from
Castro 2000b). In contrast, smaller percentages of species of other recently revised families of brachyuran crabs
occur throughout the Indo-West Pacific, including the Hawaiian Islands: 18% (four species) of Palicoidea
(Palicidae and Crossotonotidae) (updated from Castro 2000a), 10% (one species) of Euryplacidae (Castro & Ng
2010), 9% (one species) of Ethusidae (updated from Castro 2005), and less than 1% (one species) of Goneplacidae
(updated from Castro 2007).
TABLE 1. Geographical distribution of the 67 species (all native, not introduced) of Anomura reliably recorded (not including those
questionably identified or doubtfully recorded) from the Hawaiian Islands. The total number of Hawaiian species in each family is
given in parenthesis, a figure that does not include questionably identified species (indicated by “?”); questionably identified species
were not included in the tabulation of geographical distribution. Included as part of the Hawaiian Is. in the tabulation are records from
the Midway Is.; not included are species that have only been recorded from Johnston Atoll. Geographical extensions define the differ-
ent categories and not necessarily the complete geographical distribution of the species listed in each category. aLine Is., Cook Is.,
French Polynesia, Pitcairn Is., Easter I.; only Hawaiian Is. and Johnston Atoll in one species of Galatheidae. bSouthern Japan to eastern
Australia, Melanesia, Micronesia, Fiji, Samoa, Tonga, and Niue. cSouthern Gulf of California and Clipperton I. to the Galápagos Is.
and northern Ecuador. dRed Sea and tropical Indian Ocean east to tropical Pacific Ocean as far east as the Hawaiian Is. and Easter I.
eOne species also on Johnston Atoll. fGenetically distinct Hawaiian Is. population. gSoutheastern Pacific Ocean and Tropical Eastern
Pacific region. hIncludes two species with genetically distinct Hawaiian Is. populations. iAlso on the Juan Fernández Is., technically
not part of the Tropical Eastern Pacific region. jDoes not include a new species being described. kIncludes two species also found in the
Nazca and Sala y Gómez ridges (eastern Pacific), technically not part of the Tropical Eastern Pacific region.
Family
Hawaiian Is. endemic
Introduced to the
Hawaiian Is.
Eastern Polynesiaa
Western Pacific Oceanb
Across Pacific Ocean
(excluding Tropical Eastern
Pacific regionc)
Across Pacific Ocean
+Tropical Eastern Pacific
regionc
Across Indo-West Pacific
regiond
Indo-West Pacific regiond
+Tropical Eastern Pacific
regionc
Indo-West Pacific regiond
+Eastern Atlantic
Juan Fernández Is.
Circumtropical
Albuneidae (3) 1 1 1
Chirostylidae (4) 4
Diogenidae (24) 5e1f11g16h
Eumunididae (3 + 1?) 1 1 1
Galatheidae (2) 1 1i
Hippidae (1) 1
Lithodidae (2) 2
Munididae (2 + 3?) 2
Paguridae (14) 7 2 4 1
Parapaguridae (9) 3j4k2
Porcellanidae (3) 1 2
TOTAL
(% of 68 reliably
identified species)
25
(37%) 01
(1%) 3
(4%) 5
(7%) 1
(1%) 28
(41%) 2
(3%) 2
(3%) 1
(1%) 0
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CATALOG OF HAWAIIAN CRABS
TABLE 2. Geographical distribution of the 284 living species (272 native, not introduced) of Brachyura reliably recorded (not includ-
ing those questionably identified or doubtfully recorded) from the Hawaiian Islands. The total number of Hawaiian species in each
family (including three “forms” of Paractaea rufopunctata in Xanthidae) is given in parenthesis, a figure that does not include ques-
tionably identified species (indicated by “?”); questionably identified species were not included in the tabulation of geographical distri-
bution. Included as part of the Hawaiian Is. in the tabulation are records from the Midway Is.; not included are species that have only
been recorded from Johnston Atoll. Geographical extensions define the different categories and not necessarily the complete geograph-
ical distribution of the species listed in each category. aLine Is., Cook Is., French Polynesia, Pitcairn Is., Easter I. bSouthern Japan to
eastern Australia, Melanesia, Micronesia, Fiji, Samoa, Tonga, and Niue. cSouthern Gulf of California and Clipperton I. to the Galápa-
gos Is. and northern Ecuador. dRed Sea and tropical Indian Ocean east to tropical Pacific Ocean as far east as the Hawaiian Is. and Eas-
ter I. eAlso on Johnston Atoll. fAcross Pacific Ocean to South Atlantic. gIndo-West Pacific and Tropical Eastern Pacific regions to
South Atlantic. hAlso on Johnston Atoll. iAlso in the Nazca and Sala y Gómez ridges (eastern Pacific), technically not part of the Trop-
ical Eastern Pacific region. jOne species also known from the Kermadec Is. but nowhere else in the western Pacific. kIncludes two
“forms” of Paractaea rufopunctata but not two new species to be described. lIncludes one “form” of Paractaea rufopunctata.
Family
Hawaiian Is. endemic
Introduced to the
Hawaiian Is.
Eastern Polynesiaa
Western Pacific Oceanb
Across Pacific Ocean
(excluding Tropical Eastern
Pacific regionc)
Across Pacific Ocean
+Tropical Eastern
Pacific regionc
Across Indo-West
Pacific regiond
Indo-West Pacific region d
+Tropical Eastern
Pacific regionc
Indo-West Pacific regiond
+Eastern (or South) Atlantic
Circumtropical
Aethridae (4) 1e11 1
Aphanodactylidae (1) 1
Calappidae (7) 2 1 2 1 1
Cancridae (1) 1
Carpiliidae (2) 1 1
Crossotonotidae (1) 1
Cryptochiridae (4) 1 1 1 1
Dairidae (1) 1
Dairoididae (1) 1
Domeciidae (3) 3
Dromiidae (7) 6 1
Dynomenidae (4) 1 3
Epialtidae (10) 2 1 7
Eriphiidae (1) 1
Ethusidae (2) 1 1
Eumedonidae (1) 1
Euryplacidae (1) 1
Goneplacidae (1) 1
Grapsidae (12 + 1?) 2 6 2 1f1g
Homolidae (4 + 3?) 2 2
Inachidae (6) 1h32
Latreilliidae (1) 1i
Leucosiidae (9) 3 2j13
Macrophthalmidae (2) 2
......continued on the next page
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The shallow-water fauna of the Hawaiian Islands, oceanic islands at the northeastern limit of the Indo-West
Pacific region, is impoverished when compared to most other locations in the same biogeographic region, above all
the Indo-Malayan Archipelago and the neighboring southwestern Pacific Ocean, which is often regarded as a cen-
ter of diversification for many marine taxa. An easterly decline in the species richness of western Pacific taxa has
been observed, for example, among galatheid squat lobsters (Macpherson et al. 2010) and in decapod crustaceans
in general (Poupin 2008). The extent of the decrease varies among the Hawaiian decapods. Only 7% of the Indo-
West Pacific pontoniine shrimps (De Grave 2001) and 50% of the western Pacific species of Calcinus hermit crabs
(Poupin et al. 2003) are known to occur in the Hawaiian Islands. A total of 211 species of Anomura has so far been
recorded from the Philippines (M.R. Manuel-Santos, National Museum of the Philippines, via J.C. Mendoza, per-
sonal communication), in sharp contrast to only 68 reliably identified species in the Hawaiian Islands, whereas 58
species of Hippoidea, Lithodoidea, and Porcellanidae (Anomura) are known from Taiwan (Osawa et al. 2010;
Osawa & Chan 2010) but only 9 from the Hawaiian Islands. The 87 species of Xanthidae, a dominant family in
TABLE 2 (continued)
Family
Hawaiian Is. endemic
Introduced to the
Hawaiian Is.
Eastern Polynesiaa
Western Pacific Oceanb
Across Pacific Ocean
(excluding Tropical Eastern
Pacific regionc)
Across Pacific Ocean
+Tropical Eastern
Pacific regionc
Across Indo-West
Pacific regiond
Indo-West Pacific region d
+Tropical Eastern
Pacific regionc
Indo-West Pacific regiond
+Eastern (or South) Atlantic
Circum-tropical
Macropipidae (1) 1
Majidae (4) 1 1 2
Mathildellidae (1) 1
Menippidae (1) 1
Ocypodidae (2) 1 1
Oziidae (3) 1 2
Palicidae (3) 1 2
Panopeidae (2) 2
Parthenopidae (15 + 1?) 2 3 1 9
Percnidae (3) 2 1
Pilumnidae (10 +1?) 2 2 2 4
Plagusiidae (2) 1 1
Portunidae (46) 3 3 2 2 1 34 1
Progeryonidae (1) 1
Pseudoziidae (2) 1 1
Raninidae (4) 1 3
Sesarmidae (2) 1 1
Tetraliidae (1) 1
Trapeziidae (6) 1 3 2
Varunidae (2) 2
Xanthidae (87 +3?) 17k117l160
TOTAL
(% of 284 reliably
identified species)
40
(14%) 12
(4%) 5
(2%) 27
(9%) 14
(5%) 1
(<1%) 166
(58%) 15
(5%) 2
(1%) 2
(1%)
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CATALOG OF HAWAIIAN CRABS
coral reefs, reliably recorded from the Hawaiian Islands also contrasts with the approximately 214 species of xan-
thids so far known to occur in the Philippines (J.C. Mendoza, personal communication). Not included in the total
number of Hawaiian Xanthidae are two new but undescribed species of Xanthidae from the Hawaiian Islands (see
Xanthidae under the list of species). The number of western Pacific species (southern Japan to Tonga) of
brachyuran crabs that are also present in the Hawaiian Islands varies from 39% (6 species) of Trapeziidae (updated
from Castro 2009a) to 14% (one species) of Tetraliidae (updated from Castro 2009a), 10% (four species) of Pali-
coidea (updated from Castro 2000a), 7% (one species) of Euryplacidae (Castro & Ng 2010), 2% (one species) of
Ethusidae (updated from Castro 2005), and less than 1% (one species) of Goneplacidae (updated from Castro
2007). Although 45 families of Brachyura are reliably represented in the Hawaiian Islands, it is noteworthy to point
out the absence of all families of freshwater crabs as well as of families that are relatively common elsewhere in the
Indo-West Pacific such as Camptandriidae, Chasmocarcinidae, Dorippidae, Dotillidae, Hexapodidae, Pseudorhom-
bilidae, Retroplumidae, and Trichopeltariidae. Two widespread families of Indo-West Pacific Anomura, Coenobiti-
dae and Munidopsidae, are noted for their absence in the Hawaiian Islands. This easterly decline in species richness
can be explained in part by the long distances separating the Hawaiian Islands from the Marshall, Line, and other
neighboring island groups, all of which have a higher species richness of shallow-water decapod crustaceans than
the Hawaiian Islands. Long-distance dispersal is probably not very common on account of the poorly dispersed
crab larvae having a relatively short larval life (see Castro 2000b). There is only limited information on larval dis-
persal, however, and reproductive capacity and larval strategies almost certainly vary among the different groups of
decapods and other crustaceans (e.g. Reaka et al. 2008; Macpherson et al. 2010).
Distances from one or more centers of diversification alone, however, do not always explain differences in spe-
cies richness in the tropical Pacific. The island groups of French Polynesia, farther away from the Indo-Malayan
Archipelago than the Hawaiian Islands but connected to the western Pacific by many island chains in contrast to
the much wider open-ocean barrier in the case of the Hawaiian Islands, show a higher species richness: 156 species
of Anomura and 424 of Brachyura (Poupin 2005) in contrast to the 68 species of Anomura and 284 living species
of Brachyura in the Hawaiian Islands. Impoverishment of the Hawaiian shallow-water marine biota is also the
result, at least in part, of extinction because of lower sea-surface temperatures during the Pleistocene (Kay &
Palumbi 1987).
The three species of tetraliid crabs listed here are only known from Johnston Atoll and the Northwestern
Hawaiian Islands, not from the main Hawaiian Islands. Their obligate hosts, Acropora corals, although previously
rare in the Hawaiian Islands (G. Paulay, personal communication), became extinct in the main islands during the
Pleistocene (Grigg 1981), but the three species of tetraliids are at present only known from locations where Acrop-
ora occurs.
Two other species of brachyuran crabs known from Johnston Island but not the Hawaiian Islands are obligate
symbionts of scleractinian corals (Cryptochirus coralliodytes [Cryptochiridae], found only on the faviid coral
Platygyra [G. Paulay, personal communication], which is absent in the Hawaiian Islands) and Trapezia speciosa
[Trapeziidae]). Domecia glabra [Domeciidae]), an apparent facultative symbiont of corals, particularly of Acrop-
ora, also occurs on Johnston Atoll but is so far unknown from the main islands, except uncommonly on Kaua‘i (G.
Paulay, personal communication). Species of Pocillopora, the obligate hosts of T. speciosa and all species of Tra-
pezia, are nevertheless widely distributed throughout the archipelago so host specificity alone does not explain the
absence of T. speciosa from the main Hawaiian Islands (see Castro 2000b). Nine species of Anomura and 57 of
Brachyura are listed here as reliably occurring on Johnston Atoll, but comparisons with the Hawaiian Islands are
tenuous because sampling has been much more limited on Johnston Atoll than in the Hawaiian Islands.
A decrease in biodiversity contrasts with the relatively high number of Hawaiian endemic species observed in
several marine taxa. A 32% average endemicity was reported for species of several groups of marine invertebrates
(Kay & Palumbi 1987), 45% for alpheiid shrimps (Banner 1953), and 17% for pontoniine shrimps (De Grave
2001). Endemicity among some Hawaiian marine invertebrates can be high: 18 of 20 species (90%) of stomato-
pods, 17 of 19 species (89%) of marine mites, 83 of 171 species (49%) of marine bivalves, 150 of 309 species
(49%) of echinoderms, 23 of 54 species (43%) of free-living marine nematodes, and 43 of 126 species (34%) of
scleractinian corals (data from various sources as reported by Eldredge & Evenhuis 2003: table 2). Hawaiian ende-
micity is often considered an example of peripheral endemicity because of the location of the Hawaiian Islands at
the northeastern extremity of the Indo-West Pacific region.
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Of the species listed in the catalog as reliably found in the Hawaiian Islands, endemic anomurans (25 species)
represent 37% of the 68 species of Anomura (Table 1), while endemic brachyurans (40 species, including two
“forms” of Xanthidae) represent only 14% of the 284 living species of Brachyura (15% of the 272 native
Brachyura). Endemicity among the Hawaiian Anomura is the highest in the deep-water Chirostylidae (all four spe-
cies) and mostly deep-water Munididae (the only three reliably identified species) and the mostly shallow-water
Paguridae (50%) (see Table 1). Among the Brachyura, the two species of Varunidae reliably known from the
Hawaiian Islands are endemic, and the single Hawaiian representative of each of three families (Aphanodactylidae,
Cancridae, and Macropipidae) and one of a total of two species (Ethusidae and Plagusiidae) are endemic (see Table
2). Endemicity is also comparatively high in Leucosiidae (33%).
The absence of recent records of two species of anomurans and at least 38 brachyurans that were once present,
or even described, from the Hawaiian Islands is a vexing question. Some of these species may have been recorded
from erroneously labeled specimens or, less likely, the result of short-lived accidental introductions. Others may
have gone extinct from the degradation and loss of habitat resulting from human colonization or even from human
predation, as in the case of an endemic land crab, †Geograpsus severnsi Paulay & Starmer, 2011 (see Paulay &
Starmer 2011). Some of the “missing” species, several of which are from deep water, may have not been collected
recently or collected but not yet correctly identified. Although the shallow-water anomuran and brachyuran faunas
of the Hawaiian Islands are reasonably well known, the use of molecular analysis and the re-examination of Hawai-
ian material in local and worldwide collections should clarify the status of some of these problematic records.
Local variations in distribution within the archipelago resulting from barriers to dispersal (see Toonen et al. 2011)
may also help explain the irregular distribution of some species given that most collecting has taken place on the
island of O‘ahu. New species of anomurans and brachyurans are nevertheless still being described from the archi-
pelago, as in the case of a new species of Paragiopagurus (Anomura, Parapaguridae) to be described by R. Lemai-
tre (personal communication) and at least two new species of Xanthidae (Brachyura) that will be described at a
later date by J.C. Mendoza & P.K.L. Ng (personal communication). Together with the potential recognition of sib-
ling species by molecular analysis, particularly among symbiotic species (see Knowlton 1993), such as in Cryp-
tochiridae and Trapeziidae (Brachyura), the number of species of Hawaiian endemic crabs will undoubtedly
increase.
Acknowledgements
I gratefully acknowledge S. Ahyong (AM), R. Kropp (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Sequim Bay, WA),
R. Lemaitre (USNM), C. McLay (Canterbury University, Christchurch, New Zealand), P.K.L. Ng (National Uni-
versity of Singapore), and G. Paulay (UF) for their invaluable comments to the manuscript, which included gener-
ously sharing some unpublished information. Much is also indebted to those colleagues who reviewed particular
sections of the manuscript: C. Boyko (American Museum of Natural History, New York) Albuneidae and Hippi-
dae; the late P.A. McLaughlin (Shannon Point Marine Center, Western Washington University) Paguroidea; and B.
Richer de Forges (Kiwa Consulting, Nouméa, New Caledonia) Majoidea. D. Guinot (MNHN) and J.C. Mendoza
(National University of Singapore) provided helpful information on the Xanthidae; J.A. Cuesta (Instituto de Cien-
cias Marinas de Andalucía, Cádiz, Spain) and P.F. Clark (NHM) on brachyuran larvae. Information on the status of
some of the type material was kindly provided by P. Collomon (ANSP), P. Dworschak (NHMW), M. Lowe
(NHM), R.J. Symonds (UMZC), M. Türkay (SMF), and T.C. Walter (USNM); on some of the early USNM collec-
tions by K. Reed and L. Ward (USNM). Research at MNHN was supported by various visiting professorships and
at USNM by a Smithsonian Visiting Fellowship. My sincere gratitude to the very helpful and patient library staff of
BPBM, most especially B.J. Short, and to L. Eldredge (BPBM) and M.E.Y. Low (University of the Ryukyus) for
their assistance in obtaining literature. A special mahalo to John Hoover (Volcano, Hawai‘i) for generously pro-
viding the photo of Portunus (Portunus) hawaiiensis Stephenson, 1968, that is used on the cover.
Zootaxa 2947 © 2011 Magnolia Press · 13
CATALOG OF HAWAIIAN CRABS
List of taxa
INFRAORDER ANOMURA MacLeay, 1838
SUPERFAMILY CHIROSTYLOIDEA Ortmann, 1892
Family Chirostylidae Ortmann, 1892
Synonymy, references, and information on the type material of the Hawaiian species are given by Baba et al. (2008).
Genus Gastroptychus Caullery, 1896
Gastroptychus hawaiiensis Baba, 1977
Gastroptychus hawaiiensis Baba, 1977: 141, figs. 1, 2 [type locality: Midway Is.; holotype: NSMT-Cr 4354].
Taxonomy. Baba (2005)
Geographical distribution. Only known from Midway Is.
Habitat. Bathyal, 700–800 m.
Genus Uroptychus Henderson, 1888
Uroptychus magnispinatus Baba, 1977
Uroptychus magnispinatus Baba, 1977: 144, figs. 3, 4 [type locality: Midway Is.; holotype: NSMT-Cr 4359].
Taxonomy. Baba (2005)
Geographical distribution. Only known from Midway Is.
Habitat. Bathyal, 700–800 m.
Uroptychus setosidigitalis Baba, 1977
Uroptychus setosidigitalis Baba, 1977: 148, figs. 5, 6 [type locality: Midway Is.; holotype: NSMT-Cr 4357].
Taxonomy. Baba (2005)
Geographical distribution. Only known from Midway Is.
Habitat. Bathyal, 700–800 m.
Uroptychus similis Baba, 1977
Uroptychus similis Baba, 1977: 150, figs. 7, 8 [type locality: Midway Is.; holotype: NSMT-Cr 4355].
Taxonomy. Baba (2005)
Geographical distribution. Only known from Midway Is.
Habitat. Bathyal, 700–800 m.
Family Eumunididae A. Milne Edwards & Bouvier, 1900
Genus Eumunida Smith, 1883
An unidentified species of Eumunida was recorded from various locations in the Hawaiian Is., including seamounts,
by Chave & Malahoff (1998: table 1).
Eumunida debilistriata Baba, 1977
Eumunida debilistriata Baba, 1977: 154, fig. 9 [type locality: Midway Is.; holotype: NSMT-Cr 4360].
Taxonomy. de Saint Laurent & Poupin (1996), Baba (2005)
Habitat. Bathyal, 700–800 m.
Geographical distribution. Only known from Midway Is.
(?) Eumunida smithii Henderson, 1885
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Eumunida smithii Henderson, 1885: 413 [type locality: Kai Is. (Indonesia); holotype: NHM 88.33].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Eumunida smithii Henderson, 1885 — Grigg et al. 1987: 387 [H.I]. — Chave & Malahoff 1998: table 1 [Cross
Seamount, H.I.].
Remarks. The identification of the Hawaiian Is. material is questionable. Some of the material previously identified
as E. smithii Henderson, 1885, was found to belong to several species of Eumunida (see Baba 2005, Baba et al.
2008).
Taxonomy. Baba (2005)
Geographical distribution. Tropical Pacific Ocean.
Habitat. Bathyal, 204–965 m.
Eumunida treguieri de Saint Laurent & Poupin, 1996
Eumunida (Eumunida) treguieri de Saint Laurent & Poupin, 1996: 355, figs. 2 a–h, 3j, 11 c, d [type locality:
Tuamotu Archipelago (French Polynesia); holotype: MNHN-Ga2360].
Additional Hawaiian Is. record:
? Eumunida picta Smith, 1883 — Titgen 1988: 143 [O‘ahu].
Remarks. Titgen’s (1998) record is probably referable to Eumunida (Eumunida) treguieri (de Saint Laurent &
Poupin 1996).
Taxonomy. de Saint Laurent & Poupin (1996)
Habitat. Specimens from the Hawaiian Is. were collected from precious coral at 365–710 m.
Geographical distribution. Hawaiian Is., French Polynesia.
Genus Pseudomunida Haig, 1979
Pseudomunida fragilis Haig, 1979
Pseudomunida fragilis Haig, 1979: 89, figs. 1, 2 [type locality: O‘ahu; holotype: BPBM S7996; paratype: BPBM
S8535].
Taxonomy. Baba (2005)
Geographical distribution. Western Pacific, Hawaiian Is., French Polynesia.
Habitat. Bathyal, 456–1280 m.
SUPERFAMILY GALATHEOIDEA Samouelle, 1819
Family Galatheidae Samouelle, 1819
An unidentified galatheid (“galatheid long-armed”) was recorded by Chave & Malahoff (1998: table 1) from various
locations in the Hawaiian Is., including seamounts. Synonymy, references, and information on the type material of
most of the Hawaiian species are given by Baba et al. (2008)
Genus Galathea Fabricius, 1793
Galathea spinosorostris Dana, 1852
Galathea spinoso-rostris Dana, 1852b: 480, pl. 30, fig. 9 [type locality: “Sandwich Is.;” type material presumed lost].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Galathea spinirostris [sic] Dana, 1852 — Pesta 1930: 280 [H.I.].
Galathea spinosorostris Dana, 1852 — Edmondson 1925: 20 [O‘ahu, Pearl and Hermes Reef, Laysan, French
Frigate Shoals]; 1946: 262, fig. 160 [H.I.]. — Brock et al. 1965: 13 [Johnston Atoll]. — Coles et al. 1998:
15, 25 [Kaho‘olawe]. — DeFelice et al. 1998: 17 [Midway Is.]; 2002: 30, 73 [French Frigate Shoals]. —
Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 1999: 155 [O‘ahu]; 2002b: 146, 224 [O‘ahu]. — Coles et al. 2001: 53
[Johnston Atoll]. — Godwin & Bolick 2006: 38, 48 [Moloka‘i].
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CATALOG OF HAWAIIAN CRABS
Taxonomy. Baba (2005)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region; introduced to New Zealand (Ahyong & Wilkens
2011).
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal to bathyal, 410 m.
Genus Phylladiorhynchus Baba, 1969
Phylladiorhynchus integrirostris (Dana, 1852)
Galathea integrirostris Dana, 1852b: 482, pl. 30, fig. 12a, b [type locality: Maui; type material presumed lost].
Additional Hawaiian Is. record:
Galathea integrirostris Dana, 1852 — Edmondson 1925: 20 [Laysan]; 1946: 263 [Laysan].
Taxonomy. Baba (1991, 2005), Ahyong et al. (2010)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region (including Easter I.) and Juan Fernández Is.
(southeastern Pacific).
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal to 160 m.
Family Munididae Ahyong, Baba, Macpherson & Poore, 2010
Genus Agononida Baba & de Saint Laurent, 1996
(?) Agononida normani (Henderson, 1885)
Munida Normani Henderson, 1885: 408 [type locality: Fiji; syntypes: NHM 1888.33].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Munida normani Henderson, 1885 — Titgen 1988: 143 [Moloka‘i Channel, Hawai‘i]. — Chave & Malahoff 1998:
table 1 [H.I.].
Remarks. The identification of the Hawaiian Is. material is questionable.
Taxonomy. Baba (2005)
Geographical distribution. Tropical Pacific Ocean
Habitat. Bathyal, 251–600 m.
Genus Babamunida Cabezas, Macpherson & Machordom, 2008
(?) Babamunida brucei Baba, 1974
Munida brucei Baba, 1974: 55, figs. 1, 2 [type locality: Kenya; holotype: NHM 1973: 203].
Hawaiian Is. record:
Munida brucei Baba, 1974 — Chave & Malahoff 1998: table 1 [H.I., L ‘ihi Volcano, Johnston Atoll].
Remarks. The identification of the Hawaiian Is. material is questionable.
Taxonomy. Baba (2005)
Geographical distribution. Western Indian Ocean, questionably in the Hawaiian Is. and Johnston Atoll; presumably
in other locations in the Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Subtidal to bathyal, 119–1925 m.
Babamunida debrae Baba, 2011
Babamunida debrae Baba, 2011: 22, figs. 1–3 [type locality: Hawai‘i; holotype: USNM 1147923; paratype: USNM
1147924].
Taxonomy. Baba (2011)
Geographical distribution. Only known from the Hawaiian Is..
Habitat. Subtidal, 23–26 m.
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Babamunida kanaloa Schnabel, Martin & Moffitt, 2009
Babaminida kanaloa Schnabel, Martin & Moffitt, 2009: 23, figs. 1–3 [type locality: French Frigate Shoals;
holotype: LACM CR 2006-014.21]. — De Grave et al. 2009: fig. 5G, color photograph [French Frigate
Shoals].
Taxonomy. Schnabel et al. (2009)
Geographical distribution. Only known from the Hawaiian Is..
Habitat. Subtidal to bathyal, 145–272 m.
Genus Munida Leach, 1820
An unidentified species of Munida [“Munida sp. 3 (pink)”] was recorded from various locations in the Hawaiian Is.
by Chave & Malahoff (1998: table 1).
(?) Munida heteracantha Ortmann, 1892
Munida heteracantha Ortmann, 1892: 255, pl. 11, figs. 12, 12i, 12k [type locality: Japan; lectotype: MS 354].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Munida aff. heteracantha Ortmann, 1892 — Titgen 1988: 143 [Hawai‘i].
Munida heteracantha Ortmann, 1892 — Chave & Malahoff 1998: table 1 [H.I.].
Remarks. The identification of the Hawaiian Is. material is questionable.
Taxonomy. Baba (2005)
Geographical distribution. Tropical Pacific Ocean.
Habitat. Subtidal to bathyal, 68–511 m.
Genus Paramunida Baba, 1988
Paramunida hawaiiensis (Baba, 1981)
Munida hawaiiensis Baba, 1981: 288, figs. 1, 2 [type locality: off Kaua‘i, also from Pailolo Channel east of
Moloka‘i, Maui, Au‘au Channel east of L na‘i, Hawai‘i, Laysan; holotype: USNM 150452].
Additional Hawaiian Is. record:
Paramunida hawaiiensis (Baba, 1981): Baba & de Saint Laurent 1996: fig. 5g [O‘ahu]. — Cabezas et al. 2010: 23,
figs. 13D, 17A [O‘ahu].
Munida hawaiiensis Baba, 1981 — Chave & Malahoff 1998: table 1 [H.I.].
Taxonomy. Baba (2005), Cabezas et al. (2010)
Geographical distribution. Only known from the Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Subtidal to bathyal, 115–800 m.
Family Porcellanidae Haworth, 1825
Genus Pachycheles Stimpson, 1858
Pachycheles attaragos Harvey & De Santo, 1997
Pachycheles attaragos Harvey & De Santo, 1997: 65, fig. 1 [type locality: Hawaiian Is.; holotype: MCZ 11851a;
paratype: MCZ 11851b].
Additional reference on Hawaiian Is. material:
Pachycheles attaragos Harvey & De Santo, 1997 — Harvey 1998: 66 [type material].
Taxonomy. Harvey & De Santo (1997)
Geographical distribution. Only known from the Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Unknown
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CATALOG OF HAWAIIAN CRABS
Pachycheles pisoides (Heller, 1865)
Porcellana pisoides Heller, 1865: 73, pl. 6, fig. 3 [type locality: Nicobar Is.; holotype: ZMV].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Pachycheles pisoides (Heller, 1865) — Edmondson 1925: 19 [O‘ahu, French Frigate Shoals]; 1946: 226, 266
[H.I.]. — Pesta 1933: 280 [H.I.]. — Haig 1964: 371 [O‘ahu]. — DeFelice et al. 1998: 17 [Midway Is.]. —
Harvey 1998: 66 [O‘ahu, Maui]. — Godwin & Bolick 2006: 38, 48 [Moloka‘i].
Remarks. Hawaiian populations may represent a different species (Harvey 1998).
Taxonomy. Harvey (1998), Osawa & Chan (2010)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal.
Genus Petrolisthes Stimpson, 1858
Petrolisthes cinctipes (Randall, 1840: 136, as Porcellana cinctipes) a temperate Eastern Pacific species, was
described from the Hawaiian Is. (as “Sandwich Is.”), possibly in error, but never recorded again from the
archipelago.
Petrolisthes coccineus (Owen, 1839)
Porcellana coccineus Owen, 1839: 87, pl. 26, figs. 1 (color), 1a, 1b, 2 (color) [type locality: “low islands of the
Pacific Ocean,” Tuamotu Archipelago (French Polynesia) according to Dana (1852b); type material:
destroyed (Crane 1975: 324)].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Porcellana coccineus Owen, 1839 — Dana 1852b: 423 [Maui].
Petrolisthes coccineus (Owen, 1839) — Edmondson 1925: 19 [O‘ahu, Necker]; 1946: 266, fig. 162b [H.I.]. —
Tinker 1965: 64, pl. 20 [H.I.]. — Titcomb et al. 1979: 367, fig. 28D [H.I.]. — Harvey 1998: 65 [O‘ahu].
— Godwin & Bolick 2006: 38, 48 [Moloka‘i]. — Hoover 2006: 262, color photographs [O‘ahu, Hawai‘i].
Remarks. Hawaiian populations may represent a different species (Harvey 1998).
Taxonomy. Harvey (1998), Osawa & Chan (2010)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal.
SUPERFAMILY HIPPOIDEA Latreille, 1825
Family Albuneidae Stimpson, 1858
Genus Albunea Weber, 1795
Albunea bulla Boyko, 2002
Albunea bulla Boyko, 2002: 260, figs. 85, 86 [type locality: New South Wales (Australia); holotype: AM P15353,
allotype: AM P1925, paratype: AM P20456, paratype: NTOU, paratypes: WAM 23387, paratypes: ZMH
K–5137].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Albunea bulla Boyko, 2010: 53, figs. 1C, 2A–D [Little Brooks Bank, NHI].
Taxonomy. Boyko (2002), Osawa et al. (2010)
Geographical distribution. Tropical Pacific Ocean.
Habitat. Buries in sand; shallow subtidal to 55 m.
Albunea danai Boyko, 1999
Albunea thurstoni Henderson, 1893 — Titgen, 1988: 143 [O‘ahu].
Albunea danai Boyko, 1999: 155, figs. 5, 6 [type locality: O‘ahu; holotype: QM W23105, allotype: BPBM
S11782].
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Additional Hawaiian Is. record:
Albunea danai Boyko, 1999 — Boyko 2002: 276, figs. 90, 91 [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Boyko (1999, 2002)
Geographical distribution. Only known from the Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Buries in sand; subtidal, 5–82 m.
Albunea speciosa Dana, 1852
Albunaea [sic] speciosa Dana, 1852b: 405, pl. 25, fig. 6 [type locality: “Sandwich Is.;” neotype: USNM 260868].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Albunaea speciosa Dana, 1852 — Edmondson 1946: 266 [H.I.]. — Serène 1973b: 262, pl. 2 [O‘ahu]. — Boyko
1999: 147, figs. 3, 4 [O‘ahu, H.I.]; 2002: 230, figs. 75, 76 [O‘ahu, H.I.]; 2010: 52, [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Boyko (1999, 2002)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Buries in sand; shallow subtidal, 3–34 m.
Family Hippidae Latreille, 1825
Genus Hippa Fabricius, 1787
Hippa marmorata (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1846)
Remipes marmoratus Hombron & Jacquinot, 1846: pl. 8, figs. 22–26 [type locality: Australia; syntypes: MNHN-
Hi84].
Remipes pacificus Dana, 1852b: 407, pl. 25, fig. 7 [type localities: Fiji, “Sandwich Is.;” syntype: MCZ 1406;
possible syntype: UZMC (see Manning & Reed 2006)].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Remipes pacificus Dana, 1852 — Edmondson 1925: 19 [O‘ahu, Lisianski, French Frigate Shoals]. — Pesta 1933:
280 [H.I.].
Emerita pacifica (Dana, 1852) — Edmondson 1946: 265, fig. 162a [H.I.]. — Tinker 1965: 62, pl. 19 [H.I.].
Hippa pacifica (Dana, 1852) — Titcomb et al. 1979: 370 [H.I.]. — Haley 1982: 221 [O‘ahu]. — Boyko & Harvey
1999: 396, fig. 10 [O‘ahu]. — Lastra et al. 2002: 54 [Hawai‘i]. — Hoover 2006: 263, color photographs
[O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Boyko & Harvey (1999, 2002), Osawa et al. (2010)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific and Tropical Eastern Pacific regions.
Habitat. Buries in sand; intertidal.
SUPERFAMILY LITHODOIDEA Samouelle, 1819
Family Lithodidae Samouelle, 1819
A photograph of Neolithes sp. from the Hawaiian Is. (Chave & Malahoff 1998: fig. 134) remains unidentified to
species level.
Genus Lithodes Latreille, 1806
Lithodes longispina Sakai, 1971
Lithodes longispina Sakai, 1971: 11, figs. 2a, b, pl. 4, fig. 2, pl. 10, pl. 11, fig. 2 [type locality: Japan; holotype:
KMNH NH109003; paratypes KMN NH109044, NH109049].
Hawaiian Is. record:
Lithodes longispina Sakai, 1971 — Chave & Malahoff 1998: table 1 [Hawai‘i].
Remarks. The identity of the Hawaiian populations requires confirmation (S. Ahyong, personal communication).
Taxonomy. Sakai (1976)
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CATALOG OF HAWAIIAN CRABS
Geographical distribution. Japan.
Habitat. Bathyal, 550–1300 m.
Lithodes nintokuae Sakai, 1978
Lithodes nintokuae Sakai, 1978: 13, figs. 24, 25, pl. 4, figs. A, B [type locality: Emperor Seamount Chain
(northwestern Pacific Ocean); holotype: HMP 584; allelotype: HMP 585; paratypes: HMP, MFR 603].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Lithodes nintokuae Sakai, 1978 — Dawson & Yaldwin 1985: 18, figs. 2–4 [O‘ahu, Hawai‘i, Midway Is., St.
Rogatien Bank, French Frigate Shoals]. — Chave & Malahoff 1998: table 1 [Cross Seamount].
Taxonomy. Dawson & Yaldwyn (1985)
Geographical distribution. Emperor Seamount Chain (northwestern Pacific Ocean), Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Bathyal, 450–1070 m.
SUPERFAMILY PAGUROIDEA Latreille, 1802
Family Coenobitidae Dana, 1851
Genus Coenobita Latreille, 1829
Coenobita olivieri Owen, 1839, was described, possibly in error, from the Hawaiian Is. (Owen 1839: 84),
supposedly from material collected by Randall (1840: 136), but never recorded again (see Edmondson 1925: 22,
McLaughlin et al. 2005: 302, note).
Family Diogenidae Ortmann, 1892
Genus Aniculus Dana, 1852
Aniculus hopperae McLaughlin & Hoover, 1996
Aniculus hopperae McLaughlin & Hoover, 1996: 299, figs. 1–3 [type locality: O‘ahu; holotype: USNM 275921;
paratype: BPBM S11284].
Additional Hawaiian Is. record:
Aniculus hopperae McLaughlin & Hoover, 1996 — Hoover 2006: 251, color photograph [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. McLaughlin & Hoover (1996)
Geographical distribution. Hawaiian Is., southeastern Pacific Ocean, Clipperton I. (Tropical Eastern Pacific
region).
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to 23 m.
Aniculus maximus Edmondson, 1952
Aniculus maximus Edmondson, 1952: 79, figs. 7, 8 [type locality: H.I. (O‘ahu); holotype: BPBM S5639].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Aniculus maximus Edmondson, 1952 — Tinker 1965: 56, pl. 16 [H.I.]. — Forest 1984: 61, figs. 14, 22, 59–61
[O‘ahu, Hawai‘i]. — Fielding & Robinson 1987: 78, color photographs [H.I.]. — Hoover 2006: 252, color
photograph [Kaua‘i].
Taxonomy. Forest (1984)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region
Habitat. Subtidal to 150 m.
Genus Calcinus Dana, 1851
Calcinus argus Wooster, 1984
Calcinus argus Wooster, 1984: 133, fig. 3 [type locality: Guam; holotype: BPBM S10589].
Hawaiian Is. records:
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Calcinus argus Wooster, 1984 — Titgen 1987: 143 [O‘ahu]. — Coles, Eldredge, Kandel, Reath & Longenecker
2004: 62 [Maui, Hawai‘i]. — Coles, Longenecker & Bolick 2006: 24 [L na‘i]. — Hoover 2006: 253, color
photograph [O‘ahu].
? Calcinus argus Wooster, 1984 — Coles et al. 2008: 48 [L na‘i]. — Coles & Swenson 2010: 87 [L na‘i].
Taxonomy. Morgan (1991), Poupin & McLaughlin (1998)
Geographical distribution. Eastern Indian Ocean, tropical Pacific Ocean.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to 25 m.
Calcinus elegans (H. Milne Edwards, 1836)
Pagurus elegans H. Milne Edwards, 1836: 278, pl. 13, figs. 2, 2a [type locality: Bismarck Archipelago; holotype:
MNHN-Pg1934].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Pagurus decorus Randall, 1840: 134 [type locality: “Sandwich Is.;” syntypes: ANSP CA3230].
Pagurus elegans H. Milne Edwards, 1836 — Randall 1840: 135 [“Sandwich Is.”].
Calcinus elegans (H. Milne Edwards, 1836) — Lenz 1901: 444 [Laysan]. — Edmondson 1923b: 1553 [Kure
Atoll]; 1925: 23 [French Frigate Shoals, Necker, Johnston Atoll]; 1946: 263, fig. 161b [H.I.]. — Pesta
1933: 280 [H.I.]. — Reese 1969: 345, fig. 1 [O‘ahu]. — Hazlett 1971a: 168 [O‘ahu]; 1973: 810 [O‘ahu];
1990a: 403 [O‘ahu]. — Amerson & Shelton 1976: 75 [Johnston Atoll]. — Haig & McLaughlin 1984: 107
[H.I]. — Coles et al. 1998: 15, 20, 25 [Kaho‘olawe]. — Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 2002b: 145 [O‘ahu].
— Coles, Eldredge, Kandel, Reath & Longenecker 2004: 62 [Kaua‘i, Maui, Hawai‘i]. — Godwin &
Eldredge 2004: 176, color photograph [Necker, Nihoa]. — Godwin & Bolick 2006: 38, 48 [Moloka‘i]. —
Coles et al. 2008: 56, 69 [O‘ahu, Maui]. — Hazlett 2009: 765 [Hawai‘i]. — Coles & Swenson 2010: 75,
87 [Kaula Rock, Ni‘ihau, O‘ahu, Moloka‘i, Maui].
Calcinus c.f. elegans (H. Milne Edwards, 1836) — Hoover 2006: 253, color photograph [Maui].
Remarks. Hawaiian populations, which are genetically distinct (Malay & Paulay 2010) and have a characteristic
color pattern (Hoover 1999), most probably represent a different but yet undescribed species.
Taxonomy. Morgan (1991), Poupin (1997b), Poupin & McLaughlin (1998), McLaughlin et al. (2007)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal to 10 m.
(*) Calcinus gaimardii (H. Milne Edwards, 1848)
Calcinus Gaimardii H. Milne Edwards, 1848: 63 [type locality: Ambon (Indonesia); holotype: MNHN-Pg656].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Calcinus gaimardi (H. Milne Edwards, 1848) — Reese 1969: 346 [H.I.]. — Haig & McLaughlin 1984: 108 [H.I.].
Remarks. Presence in the Hawaiian Is. is questionable (Rahayu & Forest 1999, McLaughlin et al. 2005: 302,
note).
Taxonomy. Morgan (1991), Poupin (1997b), Poupin & McLaughlin (1998), Rahayu & Forest (1999)
Geographical distribution. Eastern Indian Ocean, tropical Pacific Ocean.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal to 20 m.
Calcinus guamensis Wooster, 1984
Calcinus guamensis Wooster, 1984: 141, fig. 4 [type locality: Guam; holotype: BPBM S10588].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Calcinus guamensis Wooster, 1984 — Haig & McLaughlin 1984: 108 [H.I.]. — Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge
2002b: 146, 224 [O‘ahu]. — DeFelice et al. 2002: 30, 73 [French Frigate Shoals]. — Coles, Eldredge,
Kandel, Reath & Longenecker 2004: 63 [Moloka‘i, Maui, Hawai‘i]. — Coles, Longenecker & Bolick
2006: 24 [L na‘i]. — Godwin & Bolick 2006: 38, 48 [Moloka‘i]. — Hoover 2006: 254, 256, color
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CATALOG OF HAWAIIAN CRABS
photograph [O‘ahu]. — Coles et al. 2008: 62, 69 [O‘ahu, Moloka‘i]. — Coles & Swenson 2010: 87
[O‘ahu, Moloka‘i].
Taxonomy. Morgan (1991), Poupin (1997b), Poupin & McLaughlin (1998), McLaughlin et al. (2007)
Geographical distribution. Eastern Indian Ocean, tropical Pacific Ocean.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal to 33 m.
Calcinus haigae Wooster, 1984
Calcinus haigae Wooster, 1984: 146, fig. 5 [type locality: Guam; holotype: status and location unknown (see
Asakura & Tachikawa 2003); paratype: AHF 753].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Calcinus haigae Wooster, 1984 — Haig & McLaughlin 1984: 108, 114 [H.I.]. — Hazlett 1990a: 403 [O‘ahu]. —
Coles, Eldredge, Kandel, Reath & Longenecker 2004: 63 [Hawai‘i]. — Coles, Longenecker & Bolick
2006: 24 [L na‘i]. — Hoover 2006: 254, color photograph [O‘ahu]. — Hazlett 2009: 765 [Hawai‘i]. —
Coles et al. 2008: 69 [O‘ahu]. — Coles & Swenson 2010: 87 [O‘ahu]. — Toonen et al. 2011: table 2
[Maui, Hawai‘i].
? Calcinus haigae Wooster, 1984 — Coles et al. 2001: 52 [Johnston Atoll].
Taxonomy. Morgan (1991), Poupin (1997b), Poupin & McLaughlin (1998)
Geographical distribution. Eastern Indian Ocean, tropical Pacific Ocean.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to 40 m.
Calcinus hazletti Haig & McLaughlin, 1984
Calcinus hazletti Haig & McLaughlin, 1984: 110, fig. 1 [type locality: O‘ahu, also from Midway Is.; holotype:
BPBM S10538; paratypes: BPBM S10539–10543].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Calcinus sp. “A” — Hazlett 1973: 810 [O‘ahu].
Calcinus hazletti Haig & McLaughlin, 1984 — Asakura & Tachikawa 2003: 719 [type material]. — Coles,
Eldredge, Kandel, Reath & Longenecker 2004: 63 [Hawai‘i]. — Asakura 2004: 1237, fig. 1 [paratypes].
— Hoover 2006: 255, color photograph [O‘ahu]. — Coles & Swenson 2010: 75 [Moloka‘i]. — Toonen et
al. 2011: table 2 [Kaua‘i, Maui, Hawai‘i, Kure Atoll, Pearl and Hermes Reef, Maro Reef, French Frigate
Shoals, Nihoa].
Remarks. Hawaiian populations, which are genetically distinct (Malay & Paulay 2010), most probably represent a
different but yet undescribed species.
Taxonomy. Poupin & McLaughlin (1998), Asakura & Tachikawa (2003)
Geographical distribution. Western Pacific and Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to 8 m.
Calcinus isabellae Poupin, 1997
Calcinus isabellae Poupin, 1997b: 698, figs. 2e, 3f, 5a–b, 7c [type locality: Tuamotu Archipelago (French
Polynesia); holotype: MNHN- Pg5470].
Hawaiian Is. record:
Calcinus isabellae Poupin, 1997: Hazlett 2009: 765 [Hawai‘i].
Taxonomy. Poupin (1997b)
Geographical distribution. Tropical Pacific Ocean.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal.
Calcinus laevimanus (Randall, 1840)
Pagurus laevimanus Randall, 1840: 135 [type locality: “Sandwich Is.;” holotype: ANSP CA4107].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
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Calcinus herbstii De Man, 1888 — Edmondson 1925: 23 [O‘ahu, Nihoa, Johnston Atoll]; 1946: 263, fig. 161a
[H.I]. — Amerson & Shelton 1976: 75 [Johnston Atoll].
Calcinus laevimanus (Randall, 1840) — Tinker 1965: 58, pl. 17 [H.I.]. — Reese 1962a: 356 [O‘ahu]; 1962b: 646
[O‘ahu]; 1963: 87, pl. 1, figs. 4, 5 [O‘ahu]; 1968: 309 [O‘ahu]; 1969: 345 [H.I.]. — Hazlett 1970: 472
[O‘ahu]; 1973: 808 [O‘ahu]; 1981: 5 [O‘ahu]; 1990a: 403 [O‘ahu]; 1990b: 314 [O‘ahu]. — Dunham
1978: 50 [O‘ahu]; 1981: 45 [O‘ahu]. — Coles et al. 1998: 15, 20, 25 [Kaho‘olawe]. — Coles,
Longenecker & Bolick 2006: 24 [L na‘i]. — Godwin & Bolick 2006: 38, 48 [Moloka‘i]. — Hoover
2006: 255, color photograph [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Morgan (1991), Poupin (1997b), Poupin & McLaughlin (1998), McLaughlin et al. (2007)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Intertidal to shallow subtidal.
Calcinus latens (Randall, 1840)
Pagurus latens Randall, 1840: 135 [type locality: “Sandwich Is.;” syntypes: ANSP CA3231].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Calcinus latens (Randall, 1840) — Dana 1852b: 459, pl. 28, fig. 11 [“Sandwich Is.”]. — Streets 1877: 117 [H.I.].
— Lenz 1901: 443 [Laysan]. — Edmondson 1925: 23 [O‘ahu, Kure Atoll, Pearl and Hermes Reef, French
Frigate Shoals, Johnston Atoll]; 1946: 263 [H.I.]. — Pesta 1933: 280 [H.I.]. — Prudhoe 1968: 408
[O‘ahu]. — Reese 1968: 309 [O‘ahu]; 1969: 345 [H.I.]. — Hazlett 1970: 472 [O‘ahu]; 1990a: 403
[O‘ahu]. — Amerson & Shelton 1976: 75 [Johnston Atoll]. — Coles et al. 2001: 52 [Johnston Atoll]. —
Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 2002b: 146 [O‘ahu]. — Coles, Eldredge, Kandel, Reath & Longenecker
2004: 63 [Hawai‘i]. — Godwin & Bolick 2006: 38, 48 [Moloka‘i]. — Hoover 2006: 256, color
photograph [O‘ahu]. — McLaughlin et al. 2010: fig. 5C [“Hawaii”].
Remarks. The Hawaiian populations are genetically distinct (Malay & Paulay 2010) and appear to represent a
distinct species (McLaughlin et al. 2010: 24, note).
Taxonomy. Morgan (1991), Poupin (1997b), Poupin & McLaughlin (1998), McLaughlin et al. (2007)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal to 10 m.
Calcinus laurentae Haig & McLaughlin, 1984
Calcinus laurentae Haig & McLaughlin, 1984: 115, fig. 2 [type locality: O‘ahu; holotype: BPBM S10526].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Calcinus sp. “B” — Hazlett 1973: 811 [O‘ahu].
Calcinus laurentae Haig & McLaughlin, 1984 — Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 2002b: 146 [O‘ahu]. — DeFelice et
al. 2002: 30, 73 [French Frigate Shoals]. — Coles, Eldredge, Kandel, Reath & Longenecker 2004: 63
[Moloka‘i, Maui, Hawai‘i]. — Coles, Longenecker & Bolick 2006: 24 [L na‘i]. — Hoover 2006: 255,
256, color photograph [O‘ahu]. — Coles et al. 2008: 48 [L na‘i]. — Coles & Swenson 2010: 75, 87
[Ni‘ihau, L na‘i].
Taxonomy. Poupin & McLaughlin (1998)
Geographical distribution. Only known from the Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal, 2–8 m.
Calcinus seurati Forest, 1951
Calcinus seurati Forest, 1951: 84, figs. 1, 3, 4, 7, 8 [type locality: Tuamotu Archipelago (French Polynesia);
syntypes: MNHN-Pg844].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Calcinus seurati Forest, 1951 — Reese 1969: 346 [H.I.]. — Haig & McLaughlin 1984: 108 [H.I.]. — Hazlett 1973:
809 [O‘ahu]; 1989: 121, 125 [O‘ahu]; 1990a: 403 [O‘ahu]. — Dunham 1978: 50 [O‘ahu]; 1981: 45
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CATALOG OF HAWAIIAN CRABS
[O‘ahu]. — Godwin & Bolick 2006: 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 38, 48 [Moloka‘i]. — Hoover 2006: 257, color
photograph [O‘ahu]. — Toonen et al. 2011: table 2 [Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, Maui, Hawai‘i].
Calcinus seuriti [sic] Forest, 1951 — Hazlett 1981: 5 [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Morgan (1991), Poupin (1997b), Poupin & McLaughlin (1998), McLaughlin et al. (2007)
Geographical distribution. Eastern Indian Ocean, tropical Pacific Ocean.
Habitat. Intertidal
Genus Ciliopagurus Forest, 1995
Ciliopagurus albatrossi Forest, 1995
Ciliopagurus albatrossi Forest, 1995: 66, figs. 12f, 14, 15c, 32b [type locality: Moloka‘i; holotype: USNM 58055].
Taxonomy. Forest (1995)
Geographical distribution. Only known from the Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Subtidal, 77–133 m
Ciliopagurus hawaiiensis (McLaughlin & Bailey-Brock, 1975)
Trizopagurus hawaiiensis McLaughlin & Bailey-Brock, 1975: 259, figs. 1–3 [type locality: Maui; holotype:
USNM; paratypes: BPBM S8400, S8405; AHF 722].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Ciliopagurus hawaiiensis (McLaughlin & Bailey-Brock, 1975) — Forest 1995: 84, figs. 19b, 31e [Maui paratype].
Trizopagurus hawaiiensis McLaughlin & Bailey-Brock, 1975 — Chave & Malahoff 1998: table 1 [H.I.].
Taxonomy. Forest (1995)
Geographical distribution. Only known from the Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Subtidal to bathyal, 172–382 m.
Ciliopagurus strigatus (Herbst, 1804)
Cancer strigatus Herbst, 1804: 25, pl. 61, fig. 3 (color) [type locality: Ostindien; holotype: ZMB Herbst 2487].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Aniculus strigatus (Herbst, 1804) — Edmondson 1925: 24 [French Frigate Shoals, H.I.]; 1946: 263. fig. 161c
[H.I.].
Trizopagurus strigatus (Herbst, 1804) — Forest 1952: 19, figs. 5, 14, 21 [H.I.]. — Fielding & Robinson 1987: 78,
color photograph [H.I.].
Ciliopagurus strigatus (Herbst, 1804) — Forest 1995: 49, figs. 8a, 9, 10a, 12a, 31 a, b, 37c [H.I]. — Coles,
Eldredge, Kandel, Reath & Longenecker 2004: 63 [Kaua‘i, Maui, Hawai‘i]. — Coles, Longenecker &
Bolick 2006: 24 [L na‘i]. — Godwin & Bolick 2006: 38, 48 [Moloka‘i]. — Hoover 2006: 252, color
photograph [O‘ahu]. — Hazlett 2009: 765 [Hawai‘i]. — Poupin & Malay 2009: 213, figs. 1A, 2, 3A, 4A,
6–9 [O‘ahu, Moloka‘i]. — Coles et al. 2008: 56, 62 [Moloka‘i, Maui]. — Coles & Swenson 2010: 76, 79,
87 [L na‘i, Hawai‘i].
Taxonomy. Forest (1995), McLaughlin et al. (2007), Poupin & Malay (2009)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal to at least 15 m.
Genus Clibanarius Dana, 1852
Clibanarius zebra (Dana, 1851)
Pagurus zebra Dana, 1851c: 271 [type locality: insulas ‘Sandwich;’ possible type material: UZMC (see Manning
& Reed 2006)].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
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Clibanarius zebra (Dana, 1851) — Dana 1852b: 465, pl. 29, fig. 5 [“Sandwich Is.”]. — Streets 1877: 117 [H.I.]. —
Lenz 1901: 442 [Moloka‘i]. — Reese 1968: 309 [O‘ahu]; 1969: 345 [H.I.]. — Hazlett 1970: 472 [O‘ahu];
1971b: 167 [O‘ahu]; 1981: 5 [O‘ahu]; 1989: 121 [O‘ahu]; 1990a: 403 [O‘ahu]. — Dunham 1978: 50
[O‘ahu]; 1981: 45 [O‘ahu]. — Godwin & Bolick 2006: 38, 48 [Moloka‘i].
Clibinarius [sic] zebra (Dana, 1851) — Edmondson 1946: 265 [H.I.].
Taxonomy. Forest (1953)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal.
Genus Dardanus Paul'son, 1875
Dardanus brachyops Forest, 1963
Dardanus brachyops Forest, 1963: 365, figs. 1–3 [type locality: O‘ahu; holotype: MNHN-Pg1227].
Additional Hawaiian Is. record:
Dardanus brachyops Forest, 1963 — Tinker 1965: 54, pl. 15 [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Asakura et al. (2003)
Geographical distribution. Western Indian Ocean, Hawaiian Is., and presumably other locations in the Indo-West
Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to bathyal, 33–300 m
Dardanus deformis (H. Milne Edwards, 1836)
Pagurus deformis H. Milne Edwards, 1836: 272, pl. 13, fig. 4 [type localities: Île de France (= Mauritius),
Seychelles; syntypes: MNHN-Pg1246].
Hawaiian Is. records:
? Pagurus deformis (H. Milne Edwards, 1836) — Randall 1840: 133 [“Sandwich Is.”].
Dardanus deformis (H. Milne Edwards, 1836) — Edmondson 1925: 24 [O‘ahu]; 1946: 263 [H.I.]. — Galstoff
1933: 17 [Pearl and Hermes Reef]. — Hoover 2006: 259, color photograph [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Fize & Serène (1955), McLaughlin & Hogarth (1998), McLaughlin et al. (2007)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Carries sea anemones on the gastropod shell; shallow subtidal.
Dardanus gemmatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1848)
Pagurus gemmatus H. Milne Edwards, 1848: 60 [type locality: Marquesas Is. (French Polynesia); syntypes:
MNHN-Pg1260].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Pagurus gemmatus H. Milne Edwards, 1848 — Lenz 1901: 442 [Laysan]. — Pesta 1933: 280 [H.I.].
Pagurus varipes Heller, 1861 — Boone 1938: 266, pls. 104, 105 [Maui]. (not Pagurus varipes Heller, 1861)
Dardanus gemmatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1848) — Galstoff 1933: 17 [Pearl and Hermes Reef]. — Tinker 1965: 50,
pl. 13 [H.I.]. — Ross 1970: 351, pls. 1, 2 [O‘ahu]. — Ross & Sutton 1970: 103 [O‘ahu]. — DeFelice et al.
2002: 30, 73 [French Frigate Shoals]. — Hoover 2006: 40, 249, 258, color photographs [Kaua‘i, Hawai‘i].
Taxonomy. Haig & Ball (1988), McLaughlin et al. (2007)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Carries sea anemones on the gastropod shell; shallow subtidal, 6 m to at least 50 m.
(*) Dardanus guttatus (Olivier, 1812)
Pagurus guttatus Oliver, 1812: 640 [type locality: Ile-de-France (=Mauritius); type material: status and location
unknown].
Hawaiian Is. record:
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CATALOG OF HAWAIIAN CRABS
Pagurus cataphractus Boone, 1938: 262, fig. 14, pl. 103 [type locality: Maui; holotype: VMM].
Remarks. Boone’s record from the Hawaiian Is., a species that is a junior synonym of P. guttatus, is of “doubtful
authenticity” (McLaughlin et al. 2005: 303, note; McLaughlin et al. 2010: 25, note).
Taxonomy. Haig & Ball (1988)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to 4 m.
Dardanus lagopodes (Forskål, 1775)
Cancer lagopodes Forskål, 1775: 93 [type locality: Red Sea; type material: status and location unknown].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Dardanus sanguinolentus Quoy & Gaimard, 1825 — Galstoff 1933: 17 [Pearl and Hermes Reef].
Taxonomy. Haig & Ball (1988), McLaughlin & Hogarth (1998), McLaughlin et al. (2005)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to 15 m.
Dardanus megistos (Herbst, 1804)
Cancer megistos Herbst, 1804: 23, pl. 61, fig. 1 (color) [type locality: Ostindien; holotype: ZMB Herbst 2491].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Pagurus punctatus [sic] Olivier, 1812 — Randall 1840: 132 [“Sandwich Is.”].
Dardanus punctatus [sic] (Olivier, 1812) — Edmondson 1925: 24 [Johnston Atoll]; 1946: 265, fig. 161d [H.I.].
Dardanus megistos (Herbst, 1804) — Tinker 1965: 52, pl. 14 [H.I.]. — Amerson & Shelton 1976: 75 [Johnston
Atoll]. — Hoover 2006: 259, color photograph [Maui]. — De Grave et al. 2009: fig. 5B, color photograph
[French Frigate Shoals].
Taxonomy. Haig & Ball (1988), McLaughlin et al. (2007)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal to at least 55 m.
Dardanus pedunculatus (Herbst, 1804)
Cancer pedunculatus Herbst, 1804: 25, pl. 6, fig. 2 (color) [type locality: Ostindien; holotype: ZMB Herbst 2497].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Dardanus asper (De Haan, 1849) — Edmondson 1925: 24 [Laysan, French Frigate Shoals, H.I.]; 1946: 263 [H.I.].
Dardanus haanii Rathbun, 1902 — Amerson & Shelton 1976: 75 [Johnston Atoll].
Remarks. The identification of the Hawaiian material is doubtful (G. Paulay, personal communication).
Taxonomy. Fize & Serène (1955), McLaughlin & Hogarth (1998), McLaughlin et al. (2007)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Sometimes carries sea anemones on the gastropod shell; shallow subtidal to 100 m.
Dardanus sanguinocarpus Degener in Edmondson, 1925
Dardanus sanguinocarpus Degener in Edmondson, 1925: 24, fig. 5a, b, pl. 2, fig. A [type locality: O‘ahu, also
from French Frigate Shoals; type material: USNM 265329 (see Asakura 2006)].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Dardanus sanguinocarpus Degener in Edmondson, 1925 — Edmondson 1946: 264 [H.I.]. — Coles et al. 2001: 52
[Johnston Atoll]. — Coles, Eldredge, Kandel, Reath & Logenecker 2004: 63 [Kaua‘i, Hawai‘i]. —
DeFelice et al. 2002: 30, 73 [French Frigate Shoals]. — Asakura 2006: 3, figs. 1–7 [O‘ahu, Midway Is.,
Gardner Pinnacles, French Frigate Shoals]. — Coles, Longenecker & Bolick 2006: 24 [L na‘i]. — Hoover
2006: 260, color photographs [O‘ahu, Hawai‘i]. — Coles et al. 2008: 48, 56 [L na‘i, Maui]. — Hazlett
2009: 765 [Hawai‘i]. — Coles & Swenson 2010: 87 [Moloka‘i, L na‘i, Maui].
Taxonomy. Asakura (2006)
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Geographical distribution. Hawaiian Is., Johnston Atoll.
Habitat. Subtidal to 112 m.
Dardanus sulcatus Edmondson, 1925
Dardanus sulcatus Edmondson, 1925: 27, fig. 5c, d, pl. 2, fig. B [type locality: French Frigate Shoals; holotype:
BPBM S1815].
Additional Hawaiian Is. record:
Dardanus sulcatus Edmondson, 1925 — Edmondson 1946: 265 [French Frigate Shoals].
Taxonomy. Edmondson (1925)
Geographical distribution. Only known from the Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Unknown
Family Paguridae Latreille, 1802
Genus Anapagrides de Saint Laurent-Dechancé, 1966
Anapagrides reesei (McLaughlin, 1986)
Nanopagurus reesei McLaughlin, 1986: 798, figs. 5, 6 [type locality: O‘ahu; holotype: BPBM S10798].
Additional Hawaiian Is. record:
Anapagrides reesei (McLaughlin, 1986) — Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 2002b: 146 [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. McLaughlin & Sandberg (1995)
Geographical distribution. Only known from the Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to 8 m.
Genus Catapaguroides A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1892
Catapaguroides hooveri McLaughlin & Pittman, 2002
Catapaguroides hooveri McLaughlin & Pittman, 2002: 44, fig. 2 [type locality: Maui; holotype: USNM 308989;
paratype: USNM 308990].
Taxonomy. McLaughlin & Pittman (2002)
Geographical distribution. Only known from the Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal, 11–18 m.
Catapaguroides setosus (Edmondson, 1951)
Cestopagurus setosus Edmondson, 1951: 200, fig. 9 [type locality: O‘ahu; holotype: BPBM S5512].
Additional references on Hawaiian Is. material:
Catapaguroides setosus (Edmondson, 1951) — McLaughlin & Pittman 2002: 42 [holotype].
Taxonomy. McLaughlin & Pittman (2002). Catapaguroides fragilis (Melin, 1939) is not conspecific with
Catapaguroides setosus (Edmondson, 1951), as stated by de Saint Laurent (1968: 940, fig. 26) (McLaughlin &
Pittman 2002).
Geographical distribution. Only known from the Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to 18 m.
Genus Catapagurus A. Milne-Edwards, 1880
Catapagurus granulatus Edmondson, 1951
Catopagurus granulatus Edmondson, 1951: 198, fig. 8 [type locality: O‘ahu; holotype: BPBM S5546; paratype:
BPBM S5514].
Additional Hawaiian Is. record:
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CATALOG OF HAWAIIAN CRABS
Hemipagurus granulatus (Edmondson, 1951) — Asakura 2001: 839, figs. 1E, 3, 7, 17B, 19B, 21C, D, 22B, 40D–
H, 42C, D, 44B, 49 [type material, Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, Au‘au Channel east of L na‘i, Nihoa].
Taxonomy. McLaughlin (2004a)
Geographical distribution. Only known from the Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to bathyal, 36–432 m.
Genus Micropagurus McLaughlin, 1986
Micropagurus devaneyi McLaughlin, 1986
Micropagurus devaneyi McLaughlin, 1986: 794, figs. 3, 4 [type locality: O‘ahu; holotype: BPBM S10774;
paratypes: BPBM S10775–S10777].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Micropagurus devaneyi McLaughlin, 1986 — Asakura 2005: 11 [type material, Maui]. — Coles, DeFelice &
Eldredge 2002b: 146 [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Asakura (2005)
Geographical distribution. Only known from the Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal, 5–6 m.
Genus Nematopagurus A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1892
Nematopagurus spinulosensoris McLaughlin & Brock, 1974
Nematopagurus spinulosensoris McLaughlin & Brock, 1974: 246, figs. 1–3 [type locality: Moloka‘i, also from
O‘ahu; holotype: USNM 149299; paratypes: BPBM S8485].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Nematopagurus spinulosensoris McLaughlin & Brock, 1974 — McLaughlin 2004b: 201, fig. 19 [O‘ahu,
‘Alenuih h Channel east of Maui]. — McLaughlin & Lane 1975: 520, pls. 1–3 [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. McLaughlin (2004b), McLaughlin et al. (2007)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Subtidal to bathyal, 110–540 m, possibly to 950 m.
Nematopagurus kosiensis McLaughlin, 1998
Nematopagurus kosiensis McLaughlin, 1998: 329, fig. 5 [type locality: South Africa; holotype: MNHN-Pg5543].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Nematopagurus kosiensis McLaughlin, 1998 — McLaughlin 2004b: 196, fig. 17 [‘Alenuih h Channel east of
Maui]. — McLaughlin et al. 2005: 244, 305, note [H.I.].
Taxonomy. McLaughlin (2004b), McLaughlin et al. (2007)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Subtidal to bathyal, 82–490 m, possibly to 500 m.
Genus Pagurixus Melin, 1939
Pagurixus festinus McLaughlin & Haig, 1984
Pagurixus festinus McLaughlin & Haig, 1984: 130, fig. 3 [type locality: O‘ahu; holotype: BPBM S10334;
paratopotypes: BPBM S1035; paratypes: S10336–S10346, AHF 776, 6141].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Pagurixus festinus McLaughlin & Haig, 1984 — Komai & Osawa 2006: 58, figs. 23–25 [O‘ahu]. — Coles,
DeFelice & Eldredge 2002b: 146 [O‘ahu]. — Godwin & Bolick 2006: 38, 48 [Moloka‘i].
Taxonomy. Komai & Osawa (2006)
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Geographical distribution. Only known from the Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal, 2–8 m.
Pagurixus nomurai Komai & Asakura, 1995
Pagurixus nomurai Komai & Asakura, 1995: 341, figs. 1–3 [type locality: Japan; holotype: CBM-ZC 378;
paratypes: CBM-ZC 379, 380, USNM 255856, NSMT-Cr 11388].
Hawaiian Is. record:
Pagurixus nomurai Komai & Asakura, 1995 — Hoover 2006: 261, color photograph [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Komai & Osawa (2006)
Geographical distribution. Tropical Pacific Ocean.
Habitat. Subtidal, 5–60 m.
Genus Porcellanopagurus Filhol, 1885
Porcellanopagurus platei Lenz, 1902
Porcellanopagurus platei Lenz, 1902: 740, pl. 23, fig. 2 [type locality: Juan Fenández Is. (southeastern Pacific);
lectotype, paralectotype: ZMB 10978].
Hawaiian Is. record:
Porcellanopagurus platei Lenz, 1902 — Martin, Moffitt & McLaughlin 2009: 54, figs. 1A, 2, 3, 4A (color)
[Penguin Bank east of Moloka‘i]. — McLaughlin et al. 2010: fig. 17D [H.I.].
Taxonomy. Martin, Moffitt & McLaughlin (2009)
Geographical distribution. Hawaiian and Juan Fenández islands (southeastern Pacific).
Habitat. Subtidal to at least 117 m.
Genus Propagurus McLaughlin & de Saint Laurent, 1998
Propagurus deprofundis (Stebbing, 1924)
Eupagurus deprofundis Stebbing, 1924: 243, pl. 5 (120) [type locality: South Africa; holotype: NHM
1928.12.1.245].
Hawaiian Is. record:
Propagurus deprofundis (Stebbing, 1924) — McLaughlin & de Saint Laurent 1998: 170, figs. 2D, E, 4B, 7B, 8, 9,
11C, D [Kaua‘i].
Taxonomy. McLaughlin & Forest (1999)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region; temperate Australia and New Zealand.
Habitat. Sometimes carries sea anemones on the gastropod shell; bathyal, 200–915 m.
Genus Pygmaeopagurus McLaughlin, 1986
Pygmaeopagurus hadrochirus McLaughlin, 1986
Pygmaeopagurus hadrochirus McLaughlin, 1986: 790, figs. 1, 2 [type locality: O‘ahu; holotype: BPBM S10778;
paratypes: BPBM S10779–S10781].
Additional Hawaiian Is. record:
Pygmaeopagurus hadrochirus McLaughlin, 1986 — Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 2002b: 146 [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. McLaughlin (1986)
Geographical distribution. Only known from the Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal, 5–6 m.
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Genus Pylopaguropsis Alcock, 1905
Pylopaguropsis keiji McLaughlin & Haig, 1989
Pylopaguropsis keiji McLaughlin & Haig, 1989: 150, figs. 21, 3d, 5d, 7e, 9d, 11d, 13d [type locality: O‘ahu; also
from Hawai‘i, French Frigate Shoals; holotype: BPBM S10751; paratypes: BPBM S1817, S5195, S5513,
S6958, and S10752–10771].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Pagurus zebra (Henderson, 1893) — Edmondson 1925: 29 [French Frigate Shoals]; 1946: 265 [French Frigate
Shoals]. (not Eupagurus zebra Henderson, 1893)
Pylopaguropsis keijii McLaughlin & Haig, 1989 — Coles et al. 1998: 15, 25 [Kaho‘olawe]. — Coles, DeFelice &
Eldredge 2002b: 146 [O‘ahu]. — Godwin & Bolick 2006: 38, 48 [Moloka‘i]. — Hoover 2006: 261, color
photograph [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. McLaughlin & Haig (1989)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Subtidal, 2–70 m.
Genus Solitariopagurus Türkay, 1986
Solitariopagurus tuerkayi McLaughlin, 1997
Solitariopagurus tuerkayi McLaughlin, 1997: 461, figs. 8, 34a [type locality: Kai Is. (Indonesia); holotype: MNHN-
Pg5262; paratypes MNHN-Pg5263, USNM 276002, POLIPI].
Hawaiian Is. record:
Solitariopagurus tuerkayi McLaughlin, 1997 — Martin, Moffitt & McLaughlin 2009: 60, figs. 1B, 4B (color)
[Penguin Bank east of Moloka‘i]. — McLaughlin et al. 2010: fig. 18C [H.I.].
Taxonomy. McLaughlin (2000)
Geographical distribution. Tropical Pacific Ocean.
Habitat. Inhabits a single bivalve shell; subtidal to bathyal, 61–212 m.
Family Parapaguridae Smith, 1882
Genus Oncopagurus Lemaitre, 1996
Oncopagurus indicus (Alcock, 1905)
Sympagurus bicristatus var. indicus Alcock, 1905: 105, pl. 10, fig. 4 [type locality: Andaman Sea; syntypes: IM ?].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Parapagurus bicristatus indicus (Alcock, 1905) — de Saint Laurent 1972: 112 [H.I.].
Oncopagurus indicus (Alcock, 1905) — Lemaitre 1996: 195, figs. 17, 18 [O‘ahu, Moloka‘i, Pailolo Channel east of
Moloka‘i, Maui].
Taxonomy. Lemaitre (1996)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Sometimes carries sea anemones on the gastropod shell; subtidal to bathyal, 183–1480 m.
Genus Paragiopagurus Lemaitre, 1996
A color photograph of “Paragiopagurus cf. diogenes” from French Frigate Shoals was given by McLaughlin et al.
(2010: fig. 19D). It represents a new species to be described by R. Lemaitre.
Paragiopagurus boletifer (de Saint Laurent, 1972)
Parapagurus boletifer (de Saint Laurent, 1972): 110, figs. 5, 20 [type locality: Japan; holotype MNHP Pg.2230].
Hawaiian Is. record: Paragiopagurus boletifer (de Saint Laurent, 1972) — Lemaitre 1996: 218 [H.I.; detailed
information on records in Lemaitre in prep.].
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Taxonomy: Lemaitre (1996)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Subtidal to bathyal, 85–419 m.
Paragiopagurus pacificus (Edmondson, 1925)
Sympagurus pacificus Edmondson, 1925: 28, fig. 5, pl. 2, fig. C [type locality: Laysan; holotype: BPBM S1816].
Remarks. Described from the Hawaiian Is. but no subsequent records are known from the archipelago.
Additional Hawaiian Is. reference:
Sympagurus pacificus Edmondson, 1925 — de Saint Laurent 1972: 109 [holotype].
Taxonomy. de Saint Laurent (1972)
Geographical distribution. Only known from the Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Subtidal to bathyal, 109–366 m.
Paragiopagurus rugosus (de Saint Laurent, 1972)
Parapagurus rugosus de Saint Laurent, 1972: 112, figs. 6, 21 [type locality: “Hawa ;” holotype: USNM 168308;
paratype USNM 168312].
Remarks. Described from the Hawaiian Is. but no subsequent records are known from the archipelago.
Taxonomy. de Saint Laurent (1972)
Geographical distribution. Only known from the Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Bathyal, 240–270 m.
Paragiopagurus ruticheles (A. Milne-Edwards, 1891)
Eupagurus ruticheles A. Milne-Edwards, 1891: 133 [type locality: Azores; syntypes: MOM].
Hawaiian Is. record:
Parapagurus ruticheles (A. Milne-Edwards, 1891) — de Saint Laurent 1972: 112 [H.I.].
Taxonomy. Lemaitre (1996)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region; eastern Atlantic Ocean.
Habitat. Bathyal, 200–1400 m.
Paragiopagurus tuberculosus (de Saint Laurent, 1972)
Parapagurus tuberculosus de Saint Laurent, 1972: 118, figs 11, 25 [type locality: Laysan; holotype: USNM 168906].
Taxonomy. de Saint Laurent (1972)
Geographical distribution. Only known from the Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Bathyal, 220–300 m.
Genus Strobopagurus Lemaitre, 1989
Strobopagurus gracilipes (A. Milne-Edwards, 1891)
Sympagurus gracilipes A. Milne-Edwards, 1891: 132 [type locality: Azores; type material: status and location
unknown].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Parapagurus gracilipes (A. Milne-Edwards, 1891) — de Saint Laurent 1972: 115 [H.I.].
Strobopagurus gracilipes (A. Milne-Edwards, 1891) — Lemaitre 2004a: 364, figs. 1E, 3C, D, 4H, I, 5F, G, 7, 8 A–D
[Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, Moloka‘i, Pailolo Channel east of Moloka‘i, Maui, L na‘i, Au‘au Channel east of L na‘i,
‘Alenuih h Channel east of Maui, Laysan].
Taxonomy. Lemaitre (2004a), McLaughlin et al. (2007)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region, eastern Atlantic Ocean.
Habitat. Subtidal to bathyal, 75–1200 m.
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Genus Sympagurus Smith, 1883
Sympagurus affinis (Henderson, 1888)
Parapagurus affinis Henderson, 1888: 90, pl. 9, fig. 4 [type locality: north of Sulawesi (Indonesia); holotype: BM
1888:33].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Parapagurus affinis Henderson, 1888 — de Saint Laurent 1972: 105 [H.I.].
Sympagurus affinis (Henderson, 1888) — Lemaitre 1994: 379, figs. 3, 4, 28a [Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, Pailolo Channel east
of Moloka‘i]; 2004b: 110, figs. 1f1, f2, 14, 34 [‘Alenuih h Channel east of Maui].
Taxonomy. Lemaitre (1994, 2004b), McLaughlin et al. (2007)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region, Nazca and Sala y Gómez ridges (southeastern
Pacific).
Habitat. Subtidal to bathyal, 147–1450 m.
Sympagurus dofleini (Balss, 1912)
Parapagurus dofleini Balss, 1912: 96, fig. 4b [type locality: Japan; holotype: ZSM 20010081, ex. 315/1].
Hawaiian Is. records:
“hermit crab” — Dall 1903: 61 [Kaiwi Channel east of O‘ahu]; 1919: 79 [Kaiwi Channel].
Parapagurus dofleini Balss, 1912 — de Saint Laurent 1972: 105 [H.I.]. — Fautin Dunn et al. 1981: 386, fig. 1
[H.I.]. — Chave & Malahoff 1998: table 1, fig. 141 (color) [H.I., Johnston Atoll].
Sympagurus dofleini (Balss, 1912) — Lemaitre 2004b: 128, figs. 1i1, i2, 26c, 27 [northwest of Kaua‘i, O‘ahu,
‘Alenuih h Channel east of Maui].
Taxonomy. Lemaitre (2004b)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region, Nazca and Sala y Gómez ridges (southeastern
Pacific).
Habitat. In pseudoshells secreted by sea anemones and fashioned into the shape of a gastropod shell by the hermit
crab; subtidal to bathyal, 183–950 m.
INFRAORDER BRACHYURA Linnaeus, 1758
SECTION PODOTREMATA Guinot, 1977
SUPERFAMILY DROMIOIDEA De Haan, 1833
Family Dromiidae De Haan, 1833
Genus Cryptodromia Stimpson, 1858
Cryptodromia fallax (Latreille, in Milbert, 1812)
Dromia fallax Latreille, in Milbert, 1812: 276 [type locality: Île de France (=Mauritius); neotype: MNHN-B9].
Hawaiian Is. record:
Cryptodromia canaliculata Stimpson, 1858 — Pesta 1933: 280 [H.I.].
Taxonomy. McLay (1993)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Carries sponges or colonial ascidians; shallow subtidal.
Genus Cryptodromiopsis Borradaile, 1903
Cryptodromiopsis tridens Borradaile, 1903
Cryptodromiopsis tridens Borradaile, 1903: 578, pl. 23, fig. 4 [type locality: Maldives; type material: UMZC].
Hawaiian Is. records:
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Cryptodromiopsis tridens Borradaile, 1903 — Edmondson 1922: 38, pl. 2, figs. A–C [O‘ahu]; 1946: 268 [O‘ahu].
— Eldredge 1977: 249, fig. 1 [Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, Moloka‘i, Hawai‘i]. — Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 2002a:
272, 334 [O‘ahu]; 2002b: 142 [O‘ahu]. — DeFelice et al. 2002: 30, 73 [French Frigate Shoals]. —
Godwin & Bolick 2006: 38, 48 [Moloka‘i].
Taxonomy. Guinot & Tavares (2003)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Carries sponges or colonial ascidians; shallow subtidal.
Genus Homalodromia Miers, 1884
Homalodromia coppingeri Miers, 1884
Homalodromia coppingeri Miers, 1884b: 554, pl. 50, fig. 8 [type locality: Seychelles; holotype: NHM 1882.24].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Lasiodromia sp. — Titgen, 1988: 144 [O‘ahu].
Homalodromia coppingeri Miers, 1884 — McLay 1993: 226, fig. 13 [Moloka‘i].
Taxonomy. McLay (1993)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Carries sponges; shallow subtidal, 24–50 m.
Genus Lewindromia Guinot & Tavares, 2003
Lewindromia unidentata (Rüppell, 1830)
Dromia unidentata Rüppell, 1830: 16, pl. 4, fig. 2, pl. 6, fig. 9 [type locality: Red Sea; syntypes: SMF].
Hawaiian Is. record:
Dromidia unidentata hawaiiensis Edmondson, 1922: 34, fig. 1, pl. 2, fig. D [type locality: O‘ahu; holotype: BPBM
S571].
Dromidia unidentata hawaiiensis (Edmondson, 1922) — Edmondson 1946: 268 [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. McLay (1993, as Cryptodromiopsis unidentata), Guinot & Tavares (2003), McLay & Ng (2005)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Carries sponges or other invertebrates; intertidal, shallow subtidal to 122 m.
Genus Metadromia McLay, 2009
Metadromia wilsoni (Fulton & Grant, 1902)
Cryptodromia wilsoni Fulton & Grant, 1902: 61, pl. 9 [type locality: Victoria (Australia); syntypes: NMV J214].
Hawaiian Is. record:
Dromia wilsoni (Fulton & Grant, 1902) — McLay 2001: 84 [Laysan].
Taxonomy. McLay (1993, as Dromia wilsoni; 2009), Ahyong et al. (2009)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region, southern Australia and New Zealand, South Atlantic
Ocean.
Habitat. Carries sponges or colonial ascidians; intertidal, shallow subtidal to bathyal, to 520 m.
Genus Stebbingdromia Guinot & Tavares, 2003
Stebbingdromia plumosa (Lewinsohn, 1984)
“? Dromidiopsis plumosa” Lewinsohn, 1984: 104, fig. 3 [type locality: Seychelles; holotype: MNHN-B8572].
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Hawaiian Is. records:
Cryptodromiopsis plumosa (Lewinsohn, 1984) — Davie 1998: 63 [O‘ahu]. — McLay 2001: 85 [O‘ahu].
Stebbingdromia plumosa (Lewinsohn, 1984) — Guinot & Tavares 2003: 91, figs. 17, 18 [O‘ahu]. — Hoover 2006:
266, color photograph [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Guinot & Tavares (2003)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Carries sponges; shallow subtidal, 15–55 m.
Genus Tumidodromia McLay, 2009
Tumidodromia dormia (Linnaeus, 1763)
Cancer dormia Linnaeus, 1763: 413 [type locality: Indiis; type material status and location unknown].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Dromia hirsutissima Dana 1852b: 403 [type locality: “Sandwich Is.;” type material presumed lost].
Dromia rumphii Weber, 1795 — Lenz 1901: 450 [O‘ahu].
Dromia rumphii Weber, 1795 — Edmondson 1922: 33 [H.I. ?].
Dromidiopsis dormia (Linnaeus, 1763) — Edmondson 1946: 226, 268, fig. 164 [O‘ahu]. — Wiersma & Ripley
1952: 393 [O‘ahu]. — Tinker 1965: 66, 133, pl. 21 [H.I.]. — Fielding & Robinson 1987: 84, color
photograph [H.I.].
Dromia dromia [sic] (Linnaeus, 1763) — Titcomb et al. 1979: 367 [H.I.].
Dromia dormia (Linnaeus, 1763) — Chave & Malahoff 1998: table 1 [Hawai‘i]. — Coles et al. 2001: 53 [Johnston
Atoll]. — Hoover 2006: 265, color photograph [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. McLay (1993, as Dromia dormia; 2009), McLay & Ng (2005, as Dromia dormia), Ahyong et al.
(2009, as Dromia dormia)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Often carries sponges or non-living material; subtidal, 8–156 m.
Family Dynomenidae Ortmann, 1892
Subfamily Dynomeninae Ortmann, 1892
Genus Dynomene Desmarest, 1823
Dynomene hispida Latreille, in Milbert, 1812
Cancer hispida Latreille, in Milbert, 1812: 274 [type locality: Isle de France (=Mauritius); lectotype: MNHN-
B24].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Dynomena latreillii Eydoux & Souleyet, 1842: 239, pl. 3, figs. 3 [color], 4, 5 [type locality: îles “Sandwich,”
holotype: MNHN-B23S].
Dynomene hispida Latreille, 1812 — Edmondson 1923b: 1552 [Kure Atoll]; 1925: 30 (part) [N.W.I., O‘ahu];
1946: 269, fig. 165 (part) [H.I.]. — Pesta 1933: 280 [H.I.]. — Amerson & Shelton 1976: 75 [Johnston
Atoll]. — Titcomb et al. 1979: 369 [H.I.]. — Coles 1986: 309, 311 [H.I.]. — Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge
1999: 155 [O‘ahu]; 2002a: 272, 334 [O‘ahu]; 2002b: 142, 224 [O‘ahu]. — McLay 1999: 473, figs. 3a, 5a,
b, 12a–c, 17a, 18 [O‘ahu, Pearl and Hermes Reef]. — DeFelice et al. 2002: 30, 73 [French Frigate Shoals].
— Coles, Reath, Longenecker, Bolick & Eldredge 2004: 138 [Kaua‘i]. — Godwin & Bolick 2006: 38, 48
[Moloka‘i]. — Coles et al. 2008: 69 [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. McLay (1999), Ng et al. (2008), Ahyong et al. (2009)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal to 30 m.
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Dynomene pilumnoides Alcock, 1900
Dynomene pilumnoides Alcock, 1900a: 133 [type locality: Laccadive Is.; holotype: IM 9000/6].
Hawaiian Is. record:
Dynomene pilumnoides Alcock, 1900 — McLay 1999: 494, figs. 3c, d, 8d, e, 12e, f, 14c, 21 [Moloka‘i].
Taxonomy. McLay (1999), McLay & Ng (2005)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to bathyal, 18–403 m.
Dynomene praedator A. Milne-Edwards, 1879
Dynomene praedator A. Milne-Edwards, 1879b: 8, pl. 14, figs. 20–26 [type locality: New Caledonia, also from
Samoa; lectotype: MNHN-B3991; paralectotypes: MNHN-B3991].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Dynomene praedator A. Milne-Edwards, 1879 — McLay 1999: 481, figs. 3b, 8a, b, 12d, 14b, 17b, 19 [Kaua‘i,
O‘ahu]. — Guinot 2008: 15 (H.I.).
Dynomene hispida Guérin, 1832 — Edmondson 1925: 30 (part) [O‘ahu, Kure Atoll]; 1946: 269, fig. 165 (part)
[H.I.]. (not Dynomene hispida Guérin, 1832)
Taxonomy. McLay (1999)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal to 50 m.
Subfamily Metadynomeninae Guinot, 2008
Genus Metadynomene McLay, 1999
Metadynomene devaneyi (Takeda, 1977)
Dynomene devaneyi Takeda, 1977: 31, figs. 1–3 [type locality: O‘ahu; holotype: BPBM S8509].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Dynomene devaneyi Takeda, 1977 — Chave & Malahoff 1998: table 1 [N.W.I., Johnston Atoll].
Metadynomene devaneyi Takeda, 1977 — McLay 1999: 517, figs.25a, 26, type material [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. McLay (1999), Ng & McLay (2010)
Geographical distribution. Hawaiian Is., Johnston Atoll, French Polynesia.
Habitat. Bathyal, 336–448 m.
SUPERFAMILY HOMOLOIDEA De Haan, 1839
Family Homolidae De Haan, 1839
Genus Homola Leach, 1815
Homola dickinsoni Eldredge, 1980
Homola dickinsoni Eldredge, 1980: 274, figs. 2, 3 [type locality: Guam; holotype: BPBM S8595].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Homola ikedai Sakai, 1979 — Titgen 1988: 144 [O‘ahu]. (not Homola ikedai Sakai, 1979)
Homola dickinsoni Eldredge, 1980 — Guinot & Richer de Forges 1995, 338, figs. 9g, 13e, 14 a, b [O‘ahu]. —
Garassino 2009, 12 [H.I.].
Taxonomy. Guinot & Richer de Forges (1995)
Geographical distribution. Guam, Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Bathyal, 300–500 m.
Homola orientalis Henderson, 1888
Homola orientalis Henderson, 1888: 19, pl. 2, fig. 1, 1a [type locality: Philippines; lectotype: NHM 188:33].
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CATALOG OF HAWAIIAN CRABS
Hawaiian Is. records:
Thelxiope orientalis (Henderson, 1888) — Clarke 1972b: table 2, 315 [O‘ahu].
Homola orientalis Henderson, 1888 — Guinot & Richer de Forges 1995: 331, figs. 9e, 10, 12A, B, 13h, 16c–f, 77
[color] [O‘ahu]. — Chave & Malahoff 1998: table 1 [H.I.]. — Garassino 2009: 17 [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Guinot & Richer de Forges (1995), Richer de Forges & Ng (2007), Ahyong et al. (2009)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Known to carry sponges and other soft organisms with their last pair of legs; shallow subtidal to bathyal,
38–700 m.
Genus Lamoha Ng, 1998
Lamoha williamsi (Takeda, 1980)
Hypsophrys williamsi Takeda, 1980a: 282, figs. 2, 3 [type locality: off southern Japan; holotype: NSMT-Cr 6417].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Hypsophrys williamsi Takeda, 1980 — Titgen 1988: 144 [Hawai‘i, H.I.].
Hypsophrys aff. williamsi Takeda, 1980 — Guinot & Richer de Forges 1995: 451, fig. 59e, f [Hawai‘i, H.I.].
Lomoha williamsi Takeda, 1980 — Garassino 2009: 29 [Hawai‘i].
Remarks. Hawaiian specimens show distinctive characters (Guinot & Richer de Forges 1995), and thus may
belong to a different species.
Taxonomy. Garassino (2009)
Geographical distribution. Southern Japan and questionably the Hawaiian Is. (Guinot & Richer de Forges 1995).
Habitat. Bathyal, 366–610 m.
Genus Latreillopsis Henderson, 1888
(?) Latreillopsis cornuta Guinot & Richer de Forges, 1995
Latreillopsis cornuta Guinot & Richer de Forges, 1995: 414, figs. 37e–h, 41C [type locality: Macclesfield Bank
(South China Sea), also from O‘ahu (as “? Latreillopsis aff. cornuta”); holotype of L. laciniata Gordon,
1950: NHM 92.8.28.316].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Homola (Parhomola) majora Kubo, 1936 — Edmondson 1951: 202, fig. 10 [O‘ahu].
Remarks. Guinot & Richer de Forges (1995: 415) identified two apparently pre-adult specimens from the
Hawaiian Is. as “? Latreillopsis aff. cornuta.” Latreillopsis cornuta Guinot & Richer de Forges, 1995, replaced the
name of a junior synonym, L. laciniata Gordon, 1950, as it was previously used for a different species, L. laciniata
Sakai, 1936.
Taxonomy. Guinot & Richer de Forges (1995)
Geographical distribution. Western Pacific Ocean, questionably in the Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Subtidal to bathyal, 72–630 m.
Genus Moloha Barnard, 1947
(?) Moloha alcocki (Stebbing, 1920)
Latreillopsis alcocki Stebbing, 1920: 255, pl. 104 (24) [type locality: South Africa; holotype: SAM-A 1450].
Hawaiian Is. record:
Paromala [sic] alcocki Stebbing, 1920 — Chave & Malahoff 1998: table 1 [H.I.].
Remarks. The identification of the Hawaiian Is. material is questionable.
Taxonomy. Guinot & Richer de Forges (1995)
Geographical distribution. Southwestern Indian Ocean, questionably in the Hawaiian Is.
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Habitat. Subtidal to bathyal, 73–800 m.
Genus Paromola Wood Mason & Alcock, 1891
Paromola japonica Parisi, 1915
Paromola japonica Parisi, 1915: 109, pl. 3 [type locality: Japan; type material: MCSNM Cr1083].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Latreillopsis hawaiiensis Edmondson, 1932: 5, fig. 1, pl. 1 [type locality: O‘ahu; type material, originally in
BPBM, presumed lost].
Latreillopsis hawaiiensis Edmondson, 1932 — Hiatt 1948: 79 [O‘ahu].
Homola (Parhomola) japonica (Parisi, 1915) — Tinker 1965: 68, 133, pl. 22 [H.I.].
Homala [sic] japonica (Parisi, 1915) — Clarke 1972b: table 2 (part) [O‘ahu].
Paromola japonica Parisi, 1915 — Guinot & Richer de Forges 1995: 364, figs. 21f, 22A, 23a, b, 26D, 27e [O‘ahu,
Raita Bank, N.W.I.]. — Garassino 2009: 36 [Raita Bank].
Paromala [sic] japonica Parisi, 1915 — Chave & Malahoff 1998: fig. 135, table 1 [H.I.].
Taxonomy. Guinot & Richer de Forges (1995), Ahyong et al. (2009), Garassino (2009)
Geographical distribution. Wesern Pacific Ocean, Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Subtidal to bathyal, 80–915 m.
Genus Yaldwynopsis Guinot & Richer De Forges, 1995
(?) Yaldwynopsis spinimanus (Griffin, 1965)
Parhomola spinimana Griffin, 1965: 87, figs. 1–8, pls. 1, 2 [type locality: New Zealand; holotype: NMNZ-Cr 1550
(apparently lost)].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Homala [sic] japonica Parisi, 1915 — Clarke 1972a: 16 [O‘ahu]. (not Homola japonica Parisi, 1915)
Parhomola spinimana Griffin, 1965 — Titgen 1988: 144 [O‘ahu].
Yaldwynopsis spinimanus (Griffin, 1965) — Guinot & Richer de Forges 1995: 437, figs. 52, 53a, b, g, 54 [O‘ahu].
Remarks. Identification of material from the Hawaiian Is. and some other locations is questionable (Richer de
Forges & Ng 2007).
Taxonomy. Guinot & Richer de Forges (1995), Garassino (2009)
Geographical distribution. Western Pacific Ocean, New Zealand, French Polynesia, questionably the Hawaiian
Is.
Habitat. Subtidal, 15–183 m.
Family Latreilliidae Stimpson, 1858
Genus Latreillia Roux, 1830
Latreillia metanesa Williams, 1982
Latreillia metanesa Williams, 1982: 240, figs. 3d, 4, 5a–d, 8 [type locality: Maui, also from Laysan; holotype:
USNM 74570].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Latreillia metanesa Williams, 1982 — Castro et al. 2003: 613, figs. 3C, 6–9, 14 A–C, type material, Kaua‘i,
Moloka‘i, Maui, Hawai‘i, Laysan].
Taxonomy. Castro et al. (2003), Ahyong et al. (2009)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region, Nazca and Sala y Gómez ridges (southeastern
Pacific).
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to bathyal, 22–806 m.
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CATALOG OF HAWAIIAN CRABS
SUPERFAMILY RANINOIDEA De Haan, 1839
Family Raninidae De Haan, 1839
Genus Lyreidus De Haan, 1841
Lyreidus tridentatus De Haan, 1841
Lyreidus tridentatus De Haan, 1841: 140, pl. 35, fig. 6 [type locality: Japan; lectotype: RMNH 23017d].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Lyreidus tridentatus De Haan, 1841 — Tinker 1965: 82, 133, pl. 29 [H.I.]. — Clarke 1972b, table 2 [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Feldmann (1992), Ahyong et al. (2009)
Geographical distribution. Western and southwestern Pacific Ocean (including New Zealand), Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Buries in sediment; shallow subtidal to bathyal, 27–512 m.
Genus Notopoides Henderson, 1888
Notopoides latus Henderson, 1888
Notopoides latus Henderson, 1888: 29, pl. 3, fig. 1, 1a, 1b [type locality: Kei Is. (Indonesia); syntypes: NHM
1883.33 20].
Hawaiian Is. record:
Notopoides latus Henderson, 1888 — Clarke 1972b, table 2, 314, 315 [O‘ahu]. — De Grave et al. 2009: fig. 5E,
color photograph [French Frigate Shoals].
Taxonomy. Henderson (1888)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Buries in soft sediment; subtidal to bathyal, 150–465 m.
Genus Notosceles Bourne, 1922
Notosceles viaderi Ward, 1942
Notosceles viaderi Ward, 1942: 47, pl. 4, figs. 5, 6 [type locality: Mauritius; type material: MPL ?].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Notosceles sp. — Clarke, 1972b: table 2, 314, 316 [O‘ahu].
Notosceles viaderi Ward, 1942 — Titgen 1988: 145 [O‘ahu, French Frigate Shoals].
Taxonomy. Serène & Umali (1972)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Buries in sediment; shallow subtidal to 130 m.
Genus Ranina Lamarck, 1801
Ranina ranina (Linnaeus, 1758)
Cancer raninus Linnaeus, 1758: 625 [type locality: M. Indico; type material: status and location unknown].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Cancer raninus Linnaeus, 1758 — Dixon 1789: plate opposite p. 243 [“Sandwich Is.”].
Ranina serrata Lamarck, 1801 — Randall 1840: 130 [“Sandwich Is.”]. — Dana 1852b: 404 [“Sandwich Is.”]. —
Lenz 1901: 450 [O‘ahu]. — Pesta 1933: 280 [H.I]. — Edmondson 1946: 272, fig. 168 [H.I.]. — Clarke
1972a: 12 [O‘ahu].
Ranina ranina (Linnaeus, 1758) — Tinker 1965: 80, pl. 28, frontispiece [color] [H.I.]. — Onizuka 1972: 1, figs. 1–
11 [O‘ahu]. — Fielding & Haley 1976: 131, fig. 1 [Penguin Bank east of Moloka‘i]. — Titcomb et al.
1979: 365, 370, fig. 29 [H.I.]. — Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 2002a: 265 [O‘ahu]. — Hoover 2006: 266,
346, color photograph [O‘ahu].
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Taxonomy. Ahyong et al. (2009)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Buries in sediment; intertidal, shallow subtidal to at least 200 m.
SECTION EUBRACHYURA de Saint Laurent, 1980
SUBSECTION HETEROTREMATA Guinot, 1977
SUPERFAMILY AETHROIDEA Dana, 1851
Family Aethridae Dana, 1851
Genus Actaeomorpha Miers, 1877
Actaeomorpha erosa Miers, 1877
Acteomorpha erosa Miers, 1877: 184, pl. 14 [type locality: Queensland (Australia); type material: status and
location unknown].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Acteomorpha erosa Miers, 1877 — Edmondson 1923b: 1550 [O‘ahu, Kure Atoll]; 1925: 30 [Moloka‘i, Kure
Atoll]; 1946: 270, fig. 166b [O‘ahu, Moloka‘i, Laysan]. — DeFelice et al. 2002: 73 [French Frigate
Shoals].
Taxonomy. Miers (1877)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal, 10–45 m.
Actaeomorpha punctata Edmondson, 1935
Actaeomorpha punctata Edmondson, 1935: 20, fig. 5, pl. 1, fig. A [type locality: O‘ahu, also from Kure Atoll;
holotype: BPBM S3738].
Remarks. Described from the Hawaiian Is. but no subsequent records are known from the archipelago.
Taxonomy. Edmondson (1935)
Geographical distribution. Hawaiian and Line islands.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal.
Genus Aethra Latreille, 1816
Aethra edentata Edmondson, 1951
Aethra edentata Edmondson, 1951: 214, figs. 19, 20 [type locality: O‘ahu; holotype: BPBM S5561a].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Aethra edentata Edmondson, 1951 — Ng 1999: 114, figs. 3–5 [O‘ahu]. — Hoover 2006: 271, color photograph
[O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Ng (1999)
Geographical distribution. Western Pacific Ocean, French Polynesia, Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to 106 m.
Genus Sakaila Manning & Holthuis, 1981
Sakaila wanawana Martin, Godwin & Moffitt, 2009
Sakaila wanawana Martin, Godwin & Moffitt, 2009: 27, figs. 1–5, 6 A–C [type locality: French Frigate Shoals,
also from Maro Reef, Johnston Atoll; holotype: LACM CR 2006–014.20].
Taxonomy. Martin, Godwin & Moffitt (2009)
Geographical distribution. Only known from the Hawaiian Is. and Johnston Atoll.
Habitat. Subtidal to bathyal, 121–367 m.
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CATALOG OF HAWAIIAN CRABS
SUPERFAMILY CALAPPOIDEA De Haan, 1833
Family Calappidae De Haan, 1833
Genus Calappa Weber, 1795
Calappa calappa (Linnaeus, 1758)
Cancer calappa Linnaeus, 1758: 630 [type locality: Asia; type material: status and location unknown].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Calappa calappa (Linnaeus, 1758) — Rathbun 1906: 887 [O‘ahu, Hawai‘i]. — Edmondson 1946: 271 [H.I.]. —
Tinker 1965: 70, pl. 23 [H.I.]. — Titcomb et al. 1979: 370 [H.I.]. — Galil 1997: 279, figs. 1b, 3, 4b, 29
[O‘ahu]. — Hoover 2006: 267, color photograph [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Galil (1997)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Buries in sand; intertidal, shallow subtidal to 55 m.
Calappa gallus (Herbst, 1803)
Cancer gallus Herbst, 1803: 46, pl. 58, fig. 1 [color] [type locality: Ostindien; holotype: ZMB Herbst 2169].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Calappa gallus (Herbst, 1803) — Dana 1852b: 393 [Maui]. — Rathbun 1906: 887 [Kaua‘i, Moloka‘i, Hawai‘i,
“Modu Manu” (=Moku Manu, or Nihoa)]; 1937: 214, pl. 65, figs. 2, 3 [Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, Moloka‘i, Hawai‘i].
— Edmondson 1925: 31 [French Frigate Shoals]; 1946: 271 [H.I.]. — Titcomb et al. 1979: 370 [H.I.]. —
Galil 1997: 293, figs. 10c, 12, 13c, 31 [O‘ahu]. — Ng 2000: 951, fig. 5h–l [H.I.]. — Godwin & Bolick
2006: 38, 48 [Moloka‘i]. — Hoover 2006: 267, color photograph [O‘ahu].
Calappa cf. gallus (Herbst, 1803) — Russo 1994: 68, color photograph [H.I.].
Taxonomy. Galil (1997), Ng (2000)
Geographical distribution. Circumtropical
Habitat. Buries in sand; intertidal, shallow subtidal to bathyal, to 216 m.
Calappa hepatica (Linnaeus, 1758)
Cancer hepaticus Linnaeus, 1758: 630 [type locality: Indiis; type material: status and location unknown].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Calappa tuberculata (Herbst, 1785) — Owen 1839: 80 [O‘ahu]. — Randall 1840: 129 [“Sandwich Is.”]. —
Eydoux & Souleyet 1842: 245 [îles “Sandwich”]. — Dana 1852b: 393 [“Sandwich Is.”].
Calappe sandwichien Eydoux & Souleyet 1842 [vernacular name, unavailable]: pl. 3, figs. 9 [color], 10 [îles
“Sandwich;” MNHN-B80, “Calappa tuburculata var. sandwichien” on label].
Calappa hepatica (Linnaeus, 1758) — Miers 1886: 285 [O‘ahu]. — Schauinsland 1899: 92 [Laysan]. — Lenz
1901: 451 [Laysan, O‘ahu]. — Rathbun 1906: 887 [O‘ahu, Hawai‘i]. — Pesta 1933: 280 [H.I.]. —
Edmondson 1923b: 1551, 1552 [H.I., Kure Atoll]; 1925: 30 [Kure Atoll, Laysan, Johnston Atoll]; 1946:
271, fig. 167 [H.I.]. — Boone 1938: 212 [O‘ahu]. — Wiersma & Ripley 1952: 393 [O‘ahu]. — Wiersma
& Bush 1963: 13 [O‘ahu]. — Tinker 1965: 72, pl. 24 [H.I.]. — Banner 1968: 25 [O‘ahu]. — Kamemoto &
Kato 1969: 232 [O‘ahu]. — Titcomb et al. 1979: 370 [H.I.]. — Galil 1997: 296, figs. 10e–f, 13e–f, 14, 31
[O‘ahu, Hawai‘i]. — Hoover 2006: 268, color photograph [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Galil (1997)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific and Tropical Eastern Pacific regions, introduced to the
Mediterranean Sea (Brockerhoff & McLay 2011).
Habitat. Buries in sand; intertidal, shallow subtidal to 100 m.
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Calappa pokipoki Ng, 2000
Calappa pokipoki Ng, 2000: 945, figs. 1–4, 5a–g, 6 [type locality: Hawai‘i, also from O‘ahu, Moloka‘i; holotype:
BPBM S12073].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Calappa bicornis Miers, 1886 — Tinker 1965: 74, pl. 25 [H.I.].
Calappa cf bicornis Miers, 1884 — De Grave et al. 2009: fig. 5F, color photograph [French Frigate Shoals].
Taxonomy. Ng (2000)
Geographical distribution. Only known from the Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Buries in sand; subtidal, 30–182 m.
Genus Cycloes De Haan, 1837
Cycloes marisrubri Galil & Clark, 1996
Cycloes marisrubri Galil & Clark, 1996: 197, figs. 6B, 9C, 10D–F, 12 [type locality: Jordan (Red Sea); also from
Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, Moloka‘i; holotype: MNHN-B22847].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Cycloes granulosa De Haan, 1837 — Rathbun 1906: 888 [Kaua‘i, Moloka‘i]. — Edmondson 1945: 271 [O‘ahu].
— Tinker 1965: 76, pl. 26 [H.I.]. (not Cycloes granulosa De Haan, 1837)
Cycloes marisrubri Galil & Clark, 1996 — Hoover 2006: 268, color photograph [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Galil & Clark (1996)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Buries in sand; subtidal, 19–131 m.
Genus Mursia Desmarest, 1823
Mursia hawaiiensis Rathbun, 1894
Mursia hawaiiensis Rathbun, 1894: 252 [type locality: Kaiwi Channel east of O‘ahu; holotype: USNM 17515].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Mursia hawaiiensis Rathbun, 1894 — Rathbun 1906: 887, pl. 18, figs. 3, 4 [Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, Maui, Hawai‘i]. —
Clarke 1972b: table 2 [O‘ahu]. — Galil 1993: 363, figs. 4c, 6d, e, 8a, b [Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, Maui]. — Chave
& Malahoff 1998: table 1 [O‘ahu, Hawai‘i].
Taxonomy. Galil (1993)
Geographical distribution. Japan, Hawaiian Is., French Polynesia
Habitat. Buries in sand; subtidal to bathyal, 96–1252 m.
Mursia spinimana Rathbun, 1906
Mursia spinimanus Rathbun, 1906: 888, fig. 41, pl. 16, fig. 1 [type locality: Pailolo Channel east of Moloka‘i, also
from O‘ahu, Moloka‘i; holotype: USNM 29922].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Mursia spinimanus Rathbun, 1906 — Tinker 1965: 78, pl. 27 [H.I.]. — Galil 1993: 368, figs. 7b, 9c, d, 10e–g,
holotype [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Galil (1993)
Geographical distribution. Only known from the Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Buries in sand; subtidal to bathyal, 95–461 m.
SUPERFAMILY CANCROIDEA Latreille, 1802
Family Cancridae Latreille, 1802
Genus Platepistoma Rathbun, 1906
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CATALOG OF HAWAIIAN CRABS
Platepistoma macrophthalmus Rathbun, 1906
Platepistoma macrophthalmum Rathbun, 1906: 876, fig. 33 [type locality: Maui; holotype: USNM 29791].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Cancer (Pleistosoma) macrophthalmus (Rathbun, 1906) — Takeda 1977: 35, fig. 4B [O‘ahu].
Cancer macrophthalmus (Rathbun, 1906) — Chave & Malahoff 1998: table 1 [O‘ahu].
Platepistoma macrophthalmum Rathbun, 1906 — Davie 1991: 495 [holotype].
Taxonomy. Davie (1991)
Geographical distribution. Only known from the Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Bathyal, 269–460 m.
SUPERFAMILY CARPILOIDEA Ortmann, 1893
Family Carpiliidae Ortmann, 1893
Genus Carpilius Desmarest, 1823
The “Megalops alpha” described by Edmondson (1949) belongs to an unknown species of Carpilius (J.A. Cuesta,
personal communication).
Carpilius convexus (Forskål, 1775)
Cancer convexus Forskål, 1775: 88 [type locality: Red Sea; type material presumed lost].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Carpilius convexus (Forskål, 1775) — Dana 1852b: 159, pl. 7, fig. 5 [“Sandwich Is.”]. — Rathbun 1906: 842 [O‘ahu,
Hawai‘i]. — Lenz 1901: 464 [Laysan]. — Pesta 1033: 280 [H.I.]. — Edmondson 1925: 54 [O‘ahu, Johnston
Atoll]; 1946: 284, fig. 176a [H.I.]; 1962a: 223, fig. 1b [H.I.]. — Buitendijk 1960: 263 [Hawai‘i]. — Tinker
1965: 112, pl. 44 [H.I.]. — Amerson & Shelton 1976: 75 [Johnston Atoll]. — Titcomb et al. 1979: 366 [H.I.].
— Titgen 1987: 108 [O‘ahu]. — Wetzer et al. 2003: 412 [Maro Reef, Necker]. — Hoover 2006: 278, color
photograph [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Crosnier (1984b), Wetzer et al. (2003)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region; Clipperton I. (Tropical Eastern Pacific region).
Habitat. Shallow subtidal, 10–59 m.
Carpilius maculatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Cancer maculatus Linnaeus, 1758: 626 [type locality: Asia; type material: status and location unknown].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Carpilius maculatus (Linnaeus, 1758) — Miers 1886: 111 [O‘ahu]. — Schauinsland 1899: 92 [Laysan]. — Rathbun
1906: 842 [O‘ahu, Hawai‘i]. — Lenz 1901: 464 [Laysan]. — Pesta 1933: 280 [H.I.]. — Ward 1937: 215,
unnumbered fig. [H.I.]. — Edmondson 1946: 284 [H.I.]; 1962a: 218, 223, fig. 1a [H.I.]. — Buitendijk 1960:
262 [Hawai‘i]. — Tinker 1965: 110, pl. 43 [H.I.]. — Titcomb et al. 1979: 363 [H.I.]. — Fielding & Robinson
1987: 84, color photograph [H.I.]. — Titgen 1987: 108 [H.I.]. — Wetzer et al. 2003: 413 [Maro Reef]. —
Coles, Eldredge, Kandel, Reath & Longenecker 2004: 62 [Maui]. — Godwin & Eldredge 2004: 177, color
photograph [Necker]. — Hoover 2006: 278, color photograph [O‘ahu]. — Felder & Thoma 2010: 135 [H.I.].
Taxonomy. Crosnier (1984b), Wetzer et al. (2003)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal to 35 m.
SUPERFAMILY DAIROIDEA Serène, 1965
Family Dairidae Serène, 1965
Genus Daira De Haan, 1833
Daira perlata (Herbst, 1790)
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Cancer perlatus Herbst, 1790: 265, pl. 21, fig. 122 [type locality: South Africa; type material presumed lost (see K.
Sakai 1999)].
Hawaiian Is. record:
Daira perlata (Herbst, 1790) — Rathbun 1906: 854 [O‘ahu]. — Edmondson 1946: 288 [Rathbun’s record]; 1962a:
234, fig. 5d [Rathbun’s record].
Remarks. Recorded once from the Hawaiian Is. (Rathbun 1906) but no subsequent records are known from the
archipelago. Fouling species (Yeo et al. 2011) that could have been introduced.
Taxonomy. Davie (2002)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to 10 m.
SUPERFAMILY DORIPPOIDEA MacLeay, 1838
Family Ethusidae Guinot, 1977
Genus Ethusa Roux, 1830
Ethusa hawaiiensis Rathbun, 1906
Ethusa mascarone hawaiiensis Rathbun, 1906: 891, fig. 46, pl. 15, fig. 4 [type locality: Pailolo Channel east of
Moloka‘i, also from O‘ahu, Hawai‘i; holotype: USNM 29930].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Ethusa hawaiiensis Rathbun, 1906 — Castro 2005: 523, figs. 9, 10, 33B [holotype, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i].
Taxonomy. Castro (2005)
Geographical distribution. Southwestern Pacific Ocean, Hawaiian Is, French Polynesia.
Habitat. Bathyal, 200–440 m.
Genus Ethusina Smith, 1884
Ethusina isolata Castro, 2005
Ethusina isolata Castro, 2005: 583, fig. 31 [type locality: Kaua‘i, also from O‘ahu; holotype: USNM 29933].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Ethusina gracilipes (Miers, 1886) — Rathbun 1906: 891 [Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, Pailolo Channel east of Moloka‘i]; 1937: 94
(part) [Kaua‘i, O‘ahu]. (not Ethusa (Ethusina) gracilipes Miers, 1886)
Taxonomy. Castro (2005)
Geographical distribution. Only known from the Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Bathyal, 416–1100 m.
SUPERFAMILY ERIPHIOIDEA MacLeay, 1838
Family Dairoididae Štev i, 2005
Genus Dairoides Stebbing, 1920
Dairoides kusei (Sakai, 1938)
Asterolambrus kusei Sakai, 1938: 341, pl. 41, figs. 5, 7 [type locality: Japan; type material: status and location
unknown].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Dairoides kusei (Sakai, 1938) — Clarke 1972b: table 2, 316 [O‘ahu]. — Ng & S.H. Tan 1999: 129, fig. 5, 6J–L
[O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Ng & S.H. Tan (1999)
Geographical distribution. Japan, Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Subtidal, 25–199 m.
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CATALOG OF HAWAIIAN CRABS
Family Eriphiidae MacLeay, 1838
Genus Eriphia Latreille, 1817
Eriphia smithii MacLeay, 1838, is listed as occurring in the Hawaiian Is. by Edmondson (1962a: 289, fig. 26b, as
Eriphia laevimana smithii MacLeay, 1838) without any details. Its occurrence in the Hawaiian Is. is highly
questionable, although erroneously listed from the archipelago by Sakai (1976) and McLaughlin et al. (2005).
Eriphia sebana (Shaw & Nodder, 1803)
Cancer sebanus Shaw in Shaw & Nodder, 1803: pl. 591 [type locality: “America” (see Koh & Ng 2008); neotype:
ZRC 1999.1020].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Eriphia sebana (Shaw & Nodder, 1803) — Rathbun 1906: 865 [O‘ahu].
Eriphia sebana hawaiiensis Ward, 1939: 11, figs. 13, 14 [type locality: O‘ahu; holotype: AMNH 7615].
Eriphia laevimana Guérin, 1829 — Edmondson 1962a: 289, fig. 26a [Rathbun’s record].
Eriphia sebana (Shaw & Nodder, 1803) — Koh & Ng 2008: 337, figs. 9–11, 12D–F, 18A, B, 19B [holotype of
Eriphia sebana hawaiiensis].
Taxonomy. Forest & Guinot (1961), Crosnier (1984b), Koh & Ng (2008)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal.
Family Menippidae Ortmann, 1893
Genus Sphaerozius Stimpson, 1858
Sphaerozius nitidus Stimpson, 1858
Sphaerozius nitidus Stimpson, 1858a: 35 [type locality: Hong Kong; type material presumed lost].
Hawaiian Is. record:
Menippe convexa Rathbun, 1894: 239 [type locality: O‘ahu; holotype: USNM 13908].
Menippe convexa Rathbun, 1894 — Rathbun 1906: 861, pl. 11, fig. 4 [holotype].
Sphaerozius nitidus Stimpson, 1858 — Edmondson 1962a: 282, fig. 25a [Rathbun’s record].
Remarks. Recorded once from the Hawaiian Is. (Rathbun 1906, as Menippe convexa) but no subsequent records
are known from the archipelago. Fouling species (Yeo et al. 2011) that could have been introduced.
Taxonomy. Edmondson (1962a), Crosnier (1984b)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region; introduced to the Mediterranean Sea (Brockerhoff
& McLay 2011) and New Zealand (Ahyong & Wilkens 2011).
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to 35 m.
Family Oziidae Dana, 1851
Genus Eupilumnus Kossmann, 1877
Eupilumnus globosus (Dana, 1852)
Pilumnus globosus Dana, 1852a: 81 [type locality: Tahiti, insulas “Waterland” (=Manihi or Ahe) et Raraka
(French Polynesia); type material presumed lost].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Pilumnus ovalis A. Milne-Edwards, 1867: 280 [type locality: îles “Sandwich;” holotype: MNHN-B8242].
Pilumnus ovalis A. Milne-Edwards, 1867 — Rathbun 1906: 864 [A. Milne-Edwards’ record]. — Edmondson
1946: 301 [A. Milne-Edwards’ record].
Globopilumnus globosus Dana, 1852 — Guinot-Dumortier 1960: 99, figs. 1, 2, 5, 6 [holotype of Pilumnus ovalis].
— Edmondson 1962a: 285, figs. 24, d, c, 25d [holotype of P. ovalis].
Remarks. Recorded from the Hawaiian Is. once (A. Milne-Edwards 1867) but no subsequent records are known
from the archipelago.
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Taxonomy. Guinot-Dumortier (1960), Ng et al. (2008)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal.
Genus Lydia Gistel, 1848
Lydia annulipes (H. Milne Edwards, 1834)
Rueppellia annulipes H. Milne Edwards, 1834: 422 [type locality: unknown; type material status and location
unknown].
Hawaiian Is. record:
Lydia annulipes (H. Milne Edwards, 1834) — Rathbun 1906: 862 [O‘ahu]. — Edmondson 1946: 298 [Rathbun’s
record]; 1962a: 288, fig. 25e [H.I.].
Remarks. Recorded once from the Hawaiian Is. (Rathbun 1906) but no subsequent records are known from the
archipelago. Fouling species (Yeo et al. 2011) that could have been introduced.
Taxonomy. Forest & Guinot (1961)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Intertidal
Genus Ozius H. Milne Edwards, 1834
Ozius hawaiiensis Rathbun, 1902
Ozius hawaiiensis Rathbun, 1902a: 76, figs. 3, 4 [type locality: Hawai‘i; holotype: USNM 22852].
Additional references on Hawaiian Is. material:
Ozius hawaiiensis Rathbun, 1902 — Rathbun 1906: 862 [Hawai‘i]. — Edmondson 1946: 298 [Rathbun’s record];
1962a: 286, fig. 24f [Rathbun’s record].
Remarks. Described from the Hawaiian Is. but no subsequent records are known from the archipelago.
Taxonomy. Rathbun (1902a)
Geographical distribution. Western and southeastern Pacific Ocean.
Habitat. Intertidal
Family Platyxanthidae Guinot, 1977
Genus Peloeus Eydoux & Souleyet, 1842
(*) Peloeus armatus Eydoux & Souleyet, 1842
Peloeus armatus Eydoux & Souleyet, 1842: 226, pl. 1, figs. 10 [color]–15 [type locality: îles “Sandwich;”
holotype: MNHN-B13114].
Additional references on Hawaiian Is. material:
Peloeus armatus Eydoux & Souleyet, 1842 — Rathbun 1906: 850 [Eydoux & Souleyet’s record]. — Edmondson
1962a: 255, fig. 10e [Eydoux & Souleyet’s record].
Remarks. Described from the Hawaiian Is., most probably the result of the mislabeling of Eydoux and Souleyet’s
specimen (P.K.L. Ng & D. Guinot, personal communication). The species was listed as Pelaeus [sic] armatus by
McLaughlin et al. (2005).
Taxonomy. Garth (1940), Edmondson (1962a), Guinot (1968a)
Geographical distribution. Only known from the Hawaiian Is. but record is probably erroneous.
Habitat. Unknown
SUPERFAMILY GONEPLACOIDEA MacLeay, 1838
Family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871
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Genus Platyozius Borradaile, 1902
Platyozius laevis (Borradaile, 1902)
Pseudozius (Platyozius) laevis Borradaile, 1902b: 243, fig. 45 [type locality: Maldives; holotype: UMZC].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Platyozius laevis (Borradaile, 1902) — Rathbun 1906: 861, pl. 11, fig. 7 [Penguin Bank east of Moloka‘i, Au‘au
Channel east of L na‘i, Hawai‘i, “Modu Manu” (=Moku Manu, or Nihoa)]. — Castro & Ng 2010: 84, figs.
33–35; 38A–C [O‘ahu, French Frigate Shoals]. — De Grave et al. 2009: fig. 5H, color photograph [French
Frigate Shoals].
Eucrate sulcatifrons (Stimpson, 1858): Edmondson 1962b: 4, fig. 2a–c [O‘ahu]. (not Pilumnoplax sulcatifrons
Stimpson, 1858)
Taxonomy. Castro & Ng (2010)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal to 200 m.
Family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838
Genus Thyraplax Castro 2007
Thyraplax cooki (Rathbun, 1906)
Pilumnoplax cooki Rathbun, 1906: 835, pl. 7, fig. 3 [type locality: Pailolo Channel east of Moloka‘i, also from
Kaua‘i, O‘ahu; holotype: USNM 29364].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Pilumnoplax cooki Rathbun, 1906 — Edmondson 1962b: 3, fig. 1a [Rathbun’s records].
Carcinoplax cooki (Rathbun, 1906) — Guinot 1969a: 524, figs 60, 77, 78 [holotype]; 1989: 314, fig. 42, pl. 11,
figs. G, H. [holotype].
Thyraplax cooki (Rathbun, 1906): Castro 2007: 676 [holotype, Kaua‘i, O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Castro (2007)
Geographical distribution. Southwestern and southeastern Pacific Ocean, Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Bathyal, 430–1000 m.
Family Mathildellidae Karasawa & Kato, 2003
Genus Beuroisia Guinot & Richer De Forges, 1981
Beuroisia major (Sakai, 1978)
Neopliumnoplax [sic] major Sakai, 1978: 8, figs. 16, 17, pl. 2, fig. A [type locality: Emperor Seamounts
(northwestern Pacific Ocean); type material: status and location unknown].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Beuroisia major (Sakai, 1978) — Titgen 1988: 145 [Hawai‘i, Maro Reef].
Taxonomy. Guinot & Richer de Forges (1981)
Geographical distribution. Northwestern and southwestern Pacific Ocean, Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Bathyal, 300–600 m.
Family Progeryonidae Štev i, 2005
Genus Progeryon Bouvier, 1922
Progeryon mus Ng & Guinot, 1999
Progeryon mus Ng & Guinot, 1999: 686, figs. 1, 2 [type locality: Nihoa, also from O‘ahu, Hawai‘i, N.W.I. (?
Midway Is.); holotype: ZRC 1997.442].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Progeryon sp. — Titgen 1988: 145 [O‘ahu, Hawai‘i, N.W.I. (? Midway Is.), Nihoa].
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Progeryon mus Ng & Guinot, 1999 — Castro et al. 2010: 54 [holotype, Hawai‘i paratype].
Taxonomy. Ng & Guinot (1999)
Geographical distribution. Northwestern Pacific Ocean, Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Bathyal, 420–610 m.
SUPERFAMILY LEUCOSIOIDEA Samouelle, 1819
Family Leucosiidae Samouelle, 1819
Subfamily Ebaliinae Stimpson, 1871
Genus Ebalia Leach, 1917
Ebalia jordani Rathbun, 1906
Ebalia jordani Rathbun, 1906: 889, fig. 43, pl. 15, fig. 3 [type locality: Moloka‘i, also from O‘ahu, Pailolo Channel
east of Moloka‘i; holotype: USNM 29865].
Remarks. Described from the Hawaiian Is. but but no subsequent records are known from the archipelago.
Taxonomy. Rathbun (1906)
Geographical distribution. Kermadec Is. (southwestern Pacific Ocean; Komatsu & Takeda 2007), Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Subtidal to bathyal, 55–385 m.
Ebalia tuberculosa (A. Milne-Edwards, 1873)
Persephona tuberculosa A. Milne-Edwards, 1873a: 86 (262) [type locality: Bass Strait (Australia); syntypes: ZMH].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Ebalia tuberculosa (A. Milne-Edwards, 1873) — Rathbun 1906: 889 [O‘ahu, Moloka‘i, Pailolo Channel east of
Moloka‘i, Hawai‘i]. — Edmondson 1923b: 1551 [Rathbun’s records].
Taxonomy. Griffin (1972), Ahyong (2008)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region, temperate southwestern Pacific Ocean.
Habitat. Subtidal to bathyal, 28–800 m.
Genus Heteronucia Alcock, 1896
Heteronucia spinifera Edmondson, 1951
Heteronucia spinifera Edmondson, 1951: 203, fig.11 [type locality: O‘ahu; holotype: BPBM S5185].
Remarks. Described from the Hawaiian Is. but but no subsequent records are known from the archipelago.
Taxonomy. Edmondson (1951)
Geographical distribution. Only known from the Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to 5 m.
Genus Myra Leach, 1817
Myra brevimana Alcock, 1896
Myra brevimana Alcock, 1896: 206 [type localities: Myanmar, India, Sri Lanka; type material: IM ?].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Persephona brevimana (Alcock, 1896) — Rathbun 1906: 891 [Kaua‘i, Maui, Hawai‘i].
Myra brevimana Alcock, 1896 — Edmondson 1951: 206, fig. 12 [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Edmondson (1951)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to bathyal, 18–322 m.
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Genus Nucia Dana, 1852
Nucia speciosa Dana, 1852
Nucia speciosa Dana, 1852b: 397, 1577, pl. 25, fig. 5 [type locality: “Sandwich Is.;” type material presumed lost].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Nucia speciosa Dana, 1852 — Rathbun 1906: 889 [Moloka‘i, Laysan, H.I.]. — Edmondson 1923a: 24 [O‘ahu];
1925: 30 [Johnston Atoll]; 1946: 270, fig. 166a [H.I.]. — Coles, Reath, Longenecker, Bolick & Eldredge
2004: 139 [Hawai‘i]. — Godwin & Bolick 2006: 38, 48 [Moloka‘i]. — Ng et al. 2008: 97, color
photograph [H.I.].
Taxonomy. Dana (1852b)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to bathyal, 41–293 m.
Genus Oreotlos Ihle, 1918
Oreotlos angulatus (Rathbun, 1906)
Tlos angulatus Rathbun, 1906: 889, fig. 42, pl. 16, fig. 5 [type locality: Kaua‘i, also from Aleunih h Channel;
holotype: USNM 29854].
Additional reference on Hawaiian Is. material:
Oreotlos angulatus (Rathbun, 1906) — C.G.S. Tan & Ng 1995: 142, fig. 16, pls. 10F, 11A, B [holotype].
Taxonomy. C.G.S. Tan & Ng (1995)
Geographical distribution. Japan, Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Subtidal to bathyal, 88–317 m.
Oreotlos lagarodes C.G.S. Tan & Ng, 1995
Oreotlos lagarodes C.G.S. Tan & Ng, 1995: 153, fig. 22, pl. 14B–D [type locality: O‘ahu, also from Laysan;
holotype: USNM 149644].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Tlos latus Borradaile, 1903 — Rathbun 1906: 888 [Moloka‘i, Au‘au Channel]. (not Tlos latus Borradaile, 1903)
Oreophorus (Oreotlos) latus (Borradaile, 1903) — Edmondson 1925: 30 [Laysan]; 1946: 270 [H.I.]. (not Tlos latus
Borradaile, 1903)
Taxonomy. C.G.S. Tan & Ng (1995)
Geographical distribution. Western Pacific Ocean, Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal.
Genus Randallia Stimpson, 1857
Randallia gilberti Rathbun, 1906
Randallia gilberti Rathbun, 1906: 890, fig. 45, pl. 16, fig. 4 [type locality: Laysan, also from Moloka‘i, Aleunih h
Channel, Hawai‘i; holotype: USNM 29869].
Remarks. Described from the Hawaiian Is. but but no subsequent records are known from the archipelago.
Taxonomy. Rathbun (1906)
Geographical distribution. Only known from the Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Subtidal to bathyal, 88–293 m.
Genus Tanaoa Galil, 2003
Tanaoa distinctus (Rathbun, 1894)
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Randallia distincta Rathbun, 1894: 257 [type locality: Kaiwi Channel east of O‘ahu; holotype: USNM 17516].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Randallia distincta Rathbun, 1894 — Rathbun 1906: 890, fig. 44, pl. 16, figs. 2, 3 [Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, Moloka‘i,
Pailolo Channel east of Moloka‘i, Maui, Hawai‘i]. — Clarke 1972b: table 2 [O‘ahu]. — Richer de Forges
1983: figs. 7, 8 [holotype]. — Coles et al. 2001: 30 [Johnston Atoll].
Tanaoa distinctus (Rathbun, 1894) — Galil 2003: 402, figs. 1B, 3C, D (part) [O‘ahu, Moloka‘i, Pailolo Channel
east of Moloka‘i, Maui, Hawai‘i]. — Ng & Richer de Forges 2007: 16, figs. 1A, C, 4A–D [H.I.].
Taxonomy. Galil (2003), Ng & Richer de Forges (2007)
Geographical distribution. Hawaiian Is., Johnston Atoll, and questionably from the Solomon Is.
Habitat. Subtidal to bathyal, 163–805 m.
SUPERFAMILY MAJOIDEA Samouelle, 1819
Family Epialtidae MacLeay, 1838
Subfamily Epialtinae MacLeay, 1838
Edmondson (1949) described four megalops from the Hawaiian Is. and suggested that one, “Megalops alpha,”
belonged to Xenocarcinus White, 1847 (Epialtidae, Epialtinae), a genus that has never been recorded from the
Hawaiian Is. Not enough information was given but the megalop may belong to Ocypode (J.A. Cuesta, personal
communication).
Genus Acanthonyx Latreille, 1829
Acanthonyx simplex Dana, 1852, described from the “Sandwich Is.” (Dana 1852b: 272; see Rathbun 1906: 1881)
and not reported since, is a junior synonym of A. petiverii H. Milne Edwards, 1834, from the Atlantic and Pacific
coasts of North and South America (Emparanza et al. 2007). It is highly probable that Dana’s specimen was
recorded from the Hawaiian Is. by mistake.
Genus Huenia De Haan, 1837
Huenia heraldica (De Haan, 1837)
Maja (Huenia) heraldica De Haan, 1837: 95 [as Maja (Huenia) proteus], pl. 23, fig. 6a, b [type locality: Japan;
lectotype: RMNH].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Huenia brevirostrata Dana, 1851a: 273 [type locality: Insulas Hawaiensis; type material presumed lost].
Huenia brevirostrata Dana, 1851 — Dana: 1852b: 134, 1577, pl. 6, fig. 4 [“Sandwich Is., Oahu or Maui.”].
Huenia proteus (De Haan, 1839) — Rathbun 1906: 880 [Moloka‘i, Au‘au Channel, Laysan, French Frigate Shoals,
“Modu Manu” (=Moku Manu, or Nihoa), H.I.]. — Edmondson 1923b: 1551 [Rathbun’s records]. —
Griffin & Tranter 1986: 84, figs. 24c, d [O‘ahu].
Remarks. Holthuis (1987) discussed the nomenclature of the species.
Taxonomy. Griffin & Tranter (1986, as Huenia proteus), Davie (2002, as Maja (Huenia) proteus)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal to bathyal, to 329 m.
Genus Menaethius H Milne Edwards, 1834
Menaethius monoceros (Latreille, 1825)
Pisa monoceros Latreille, 1825: 139 [type locality: Ile-de-France (= Mauritius); type material: status and location
unknown].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Menaethius inornatus Dana, 1852b: 125, pl. 5, fig. 3 [type locality: Maui; type material presumed lost].
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Menaethius monoceros (Latreille, 1825) — Rathbun 1906: 880 [O‘ahu, Maui, Laysan, French Frigate Shoals,
“Modu Manu” (=Moku Manu, or Nihoa)]. — Edmondson 1923b: 1551, 1553 (as Menatheus [sic]) [H.I.,
Kure Atoll]; 1925: 31 [H.I., Kure Atoll, Pearl and Hermes Reef, Lisianski, Laysan]. — Pesta 1933: 280
[H.I.]. — Griffin & Tranter 1986: 89 [O‘ahu]. — DeFelice et al. 1998: 16 [Midway Is.]. — Coles,
DeFelice & Eldredge 2002b: 143 [O‘ahu]. — Coles, Reath, Longenecker, Bolick & Eldredge 2004: 139
[Kaua‘i, Moloka‘i, Maui].
Taxonomy. Griffin & Tranter (1986)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region; introduced to the Mediterranean Sea (Brockerhoff
& McLay 2011).
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal to 83 m.
Genus Perinia Dana, 1851
Perinia tumida Dana, 1851
Perinia tumida Dana, 1851a: 271 [type locality: Maui; type material presumed lost].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Perinia tumida Dana, 1851 — Dana 1852b: 114, 1577, pl. 4, fig. 4 [Maui]. — Stimpson 1857: 219 [“Hawaii”];
1907: 23 [Hawai‘i]. — Rathbun 1906: 881 [O‘ahu, Hawai‘i, Laysan, H.I.]. — Edmondson 1925: 31
[O‘ahu, Kure Atoll, Pearl and Hermes Reef, Laysan, French Frigate Shoals, Johnston Atoll]. — Pesta
1933: 280 [H.I.]. — Amerson & Shelton 1976: 75 [Johnston Atoll]. — Griffin & Tranter 1986: 91
[O‘ahu]. — DeFelice et al. 1998: 16 [Midway Is.]; 2002: 30, 73 [French Frigate Shoals]. — Coles et al.
2001: 52 [Johnston Atoll]. — Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 2002b: 143, 224 [O‘ahu]. — Coles, Reath,
Longenecker, Bolick & Eldredge 2004: 139 [Kaua‘i, Moloka‘i, Maui, Hawai‘i]. — Coles, Longenecker &
Bolick 2006: 24 [L na‘i]. — Godwin & Bolick 2006: 38, 48 [Moloka‘i]. — Coles et al. 2008: 63, 69
[O‘ahu, Moloka‘i]. — Coles & Swenson 2010: 87 [O‘ahu, Moloka‘i, L na‘i, Maui, Molokini].
Perinea [sic] tumida Dana, 1851 — Edmondson 1923b: 1553 [Kure Atoll]. — Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 2002a:
272, 334 [O‘ahu]. — Coles et al. 2008: 56 [Maui, Molokini].
Taxonomy. Griffin & Tranter (1986)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Intertidal to shallow subtidal.
Genus Simocarcinus Miers, 1879
Simocarcinus simplex (Dana, 1851)
Huenia simplex Dana, 1851a: 273 [Insulas Hawaienses; type material presumed lost].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Huenia simplex Dana, 1851 — Dana 1852b: 133, 1577, pl. 6, Fig. 3 [“Sandwich Is.”].
Simocarcinus simplex (Dana, 1852) — Cano 1889b: 173, figs. 1, 2 [O‘ahu]. — Rathbun 1906: 880 [O‘ahu,
Hawai‘i, Laysan, H.I.]. — Edmondson 1923b: 1552 [Kure Atoll]; 1925: 31 [Laysan]; 1946: 275, fig. 171a
[H.I.]. — Tinker 1965: 84, pl. 30 [H.I.]. — Titcomb et al. 1979: 367 [H.I.]. — Griffin & Tranter 1986: 101
[O‘ahu, Hawai‘i]. — Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 1999: 155 [O‘ahu]; 2002a: 272, 334 [O‘ahu]; 2002b:
143 [O‘ahu]. — Coles, Reath, Longenecker, Bolick & Eldredge 2004: 139 [Kaua‘i, Moloka‘i, Maui,
Hawai‘i]. — Hoover 2006: 269, color photograph [O‘ahu].
? Simocarcinus simplex — Coles et al. 2008: 48 [L na‘i]. — Coles & Swenson 2010: 88 [Moloka‘i].
Trigonothir simplex (Dana, 1852). — Sakai 1976: 209 [“Hawaii”].
Taxonomy. Griffin & Tranter (1986)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal.
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Subfamily Pisinae Dana, 1851
Genus Hyastenus White, 1847
Hyastenus hilgendorfi De Man, 1887
Hyastenus hilgendorfi De Man, 1887: 14, pl. 1, figs. 3, 4 [holotype: Mergui Archipelago (Myanmar); holotype:
NHM 1886.52].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Halimus hilgendorfi (De Man, 1887) — Rathbun 1906: 881 [Laysan].
Hyastenus hilgendorfi De Man, 1887 — Griffin & Tranter 1986: 147, fig. 42h, i [O‘ahu, Laysan].
Taxonomy. Hawaiian specimens show unique characters and they may represent a new species (Griffin & Tranter
1986).
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Subtidal to bathyal, to 275 m.
(I) Hyastenus spinosus A. Milne-Edwards, 1872
Hyastenus spinosus A. Milne-Edwards, 1872: 250 [type localities: Fiji, Mozambique; syntypes: MNHN-B338,
339].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Hyastenus spinosus A. Milne-Edwards, 1872 — Tinker 1965: 86, pl. 31 [H.I.].
Hyastensus [sic] spinosus A. Milne-Edwards, 1872 — Coles et al. 1997: C–74 [O‘ahu].
Remarks. Species regarded as introduced to the Hawaiian Is. (Carlton & Eldredge 2009; Brockerhoff & McLay
2011).
Taxonomy. Griffin & Tranter (1986)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Subtidal, 22–124 m.
Genus Lahaina Dana, 1851
Lahaina ovata Dana, 1851
Lahaina ovata Dana, 1851a: 269 [type locality: Maui; type material presumed lost].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Lahaina ovata Dana, 1851 — Dana 1852b: 93, 1577, pl. 2, fig. 1 [Maui].
Halimus tenuicornis (Pocock, 1890) — Rathbun 1906: 881 [Kaua‘i, Moloka‘i, Au‘au Channel, French Frigate
Shoals, Laysan, “Modu Manu” (=Moku Manu, or Nihoa)].
Halimus ovatus (Dana, 1851) — Rathbun 1906: 881 [Dana’s record].
Hyastenus tenuicornis Pocock, 1890 — Edmondson 1951: 209, fig. 14 [O‘ahu]. — Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge
2002a: 272, 334 [O‘ahu]; 2002b: 143 [O‘ahu]. — Coles, Reath, Longenecker, Bolick & Eldredge 2004:
139 [Kaua‘i, Moloka‘i, Maui, Hawai‘i]. — Coles et al. 2009: 73, 78 [O‘ahu].
Hyastenus ovatus (Dana, 1851) — Griffin 1974: 15 [H.I.].
Lahaina ovata Dana, 1851 — Griffin & Tranter 1986: 163 [O‘ahu, “Hawaii”].
Taxonomy. Griffin & Tranter (1986)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Subtidal, 18–161 m.
Genus Oxypleurodon Miers, 1885
Oxypleurodon carbunculus (Rathbun, 1906)
Sphenocarcinus carbunculus Rathbun, 1906: 879, pl. 14, fig. 6 [type locality: Moloka‘i, also from O‘ahu, Maui,
Hawai‘i; type material: USNM 2998].
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Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Oxypleurodon carbunculus (Rathbun, 1906) — Richer de Forges 1995: 54, figs. 1E, 4G, H, pl. 1B [Kalohi Channel
south of Moloka‘i, Maui].
Taxonomy. Ng et al. (2008), Richer de Forges & Ng (2009)
Geographical distribution. Only known from the Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Bathyal, 274–446 m.
Oxypleurodon coralliophilum (Takeda, 1980)
Sphenocarcinus coralliophilus Takeda, 1980c: 72, figs. 1B, 2A, B [type locality: Midway Is.; holotype: NSMT-Cr
6349].
Additional reference on Hawaiian Is. material:
Oxypleurodon coralliophilum (Takeda, 1980) — Richer de Forges & Ng, 2009: 257, fig. 7B [holotype].
Taxonomy. Richer de Forges & Ng (2009)
Geographical distribution. Only known from Midway Is.
Habitat. Associated with deep-water precious coral, Corallium; unknown depths.
Subfamily Tychinae Dana, 1851
Genus Stilbognathus von Martens, 1866
Stilbognathus cervicornis (Herbst 1803)
Cancer cervicornis Herbst 1803: 49, pl. 58, fig. 2 [color] [type locality: Ostindien; holotype: ZMB Herbst 2053].
Hawaiian Is. record:
Stenocenops cervicornis (Herbst 1803). — Cano 1889b: 177 [O‘ahu].
Ophthalmias cervicornis (Herbst 1803) — Rathbun 1906: 882 [Cano’s record].
Taxonomy. Griffin & Tranter (1986), Komatsu (2011)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to 62 m.
Family Inachidae MacLeay, 1838
Genus Achaeus Leach, 1815
Achaeus brevifalcatus Rathbun, 1911
Achaeus brevifalcatus Rathbun, 1911: 244, fig. 2 [type locality: Seychelles; type material: status and location
unknown].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Achaeus affinis Miers, 1895 — Rathbun 1906: 877 [Moloka‘i, Maui, Hawai‘i, Laysan]. — Edmondson 1923b:
1551 [H.I.].
Taxonomy. Griffin & Tranter (1986). The status of Achaeus brevifalcatus and A. affinis, and their synonymy with
A. brevirostris (Haswell, 1879), is questionable (Ng et al. 2008).
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Subtidal to bathyal, 90–293 m.
Achaeus superciliaris (Ortmann, 1893)
Achaeopsis superciliaris Ortmann, 1893: 36, pl. 3, fig. 3 [type locality: Japan; type material: status and location
unknown].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Achaeopsis superciliaris Ortmann, 1893 — Rathbun 1906: 877 [Maui, Laysan].
Achaeus superciliaris (Ortmann, 1893) — Griffin & Tranter 1986: 17 [Laysan].
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Taxonomy. Griffin & Tranter (1986)
Geographical distribution. Western Pacific Ocean, Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Subtidal to bathyal, 50–720 m.
Genus Cyrtomaia Miers, 1885
Cyrtomaia lamellata Rathbun, 1906
Cyrtomaia lamellata Rathbun, 1906: 879, fig. 36 [type locality: Moloka‘i, also from Hawai‘i; holotype: USNM
29701].
Additional Hawaiian Is. record:
Cyrtomaia lamellata Rathbun, 1906 — Guinot & Richer de Forges 1982: 66, figs. 42–44, 52A–C [Hawai‘i]. —
Griffin & Tranter 1986: 26 [syntypes].
Remarks. Guinot & Richer de Forges (1982) considered the Hawaiian populations to be a distinct species (see Ng
et al. 2008), while Griffin & Tranter (1986) placed C. lamellata in synonymy with C. hispida (Borradaile, 1916),
from New Zealand and C. platypes Yokoya, 1933, from Japan.
Taxonomy. Guinot & Richer de Forges 1982, Griffin & Tranter (1986)
Geographical distribution. Western Pacific and New Zealand.
Habitat. Subtidal to bathyal, 81–381 m.
Cyrtomaia smithi Rathbun, 1894
Cyrtomaia smithi Rathbun, 1894: 228 [type locality: Kaiwi Channel east of O‘ahu, also from Kaua‘i, O‘ahu,
Moloka‘i, Pailolo Channel, Maui, “Modu Manu” (=Moku Manu, or Nihoa); holotype: USNM 17518].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Cyrtomaia smithi Rathbun, 1894 — Rathbun 1906: 877, figs. 34, 35, pl. 6 [Kaiwi Channel east of O‘ahu, Kaua‘i,
O‘ahu, Moloka‘i, Pailolo Channel east of Moloka‘i, Maui, “Modu Manu” (=Moku Manu, or Nihoa)]. —
Clarke 1972a: 16 [O‘ahu]; 1972b: table 2 [O‘ahu]. — Guinot & Richer de Forges 1982: 51, figs. 4, 29, 30
[holotype]. — Chave & Malahoff 1998: table 1 [O‘ahu, Hawai‘i, Johnston Atoll].
Taxonomy. Guinot & Richer de Forges (1982)
Geographical distribution. Only known from the Hawaiian Is. and Johnston Atoll.
Habitat. Bathyal, 203–1440 m.
Genus Oncinopus De Haan, 1839
Oncinopus araneus (De Haan, 1839)
Inachus (Oncinopus) aranea De Haan, 1839: 100, pl. 29, fig. 2 [type locality: Japan; lectotype: RMNH].
Hawaiian Is. record:
Oncinopus aranea (De Haan, 1839) — Rathbun 1906: 879 [Kaua‘i, “Modu Manu” (=Moku Manu, or Nihoa)]. —
Edmondson 1923b: 1551 [Rathbun’s records].
Taxonomy. Griffin & Tranter (1986)
Geographical distribution. Western Pacific Ocean, Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to bathyal, 16–400 m.
Oncinopus neptunus Adams & White, 1848
Oncinopus neptunus Adams & White, 1848: 1, pl. 2, fig. 1 [type locality: Mindoro Sea (Philippines); holotype:
NHM 1847.21].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Oncinopus neptunus Adams & White, 1848 — Griffin & Tranter 1986: 35 [O‘ahu]. — Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge
1999: 156 [O‘ahu]. — Coles, Reath, Longenecker, Bolick & Eldredge 2004: 139 [Moloka‘i].
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Taxonomy. Griffin & Tranter (1986)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Subtidal, 3–79 m.
Family Majidae Samouelle, 1819
Subfamily Majinae Samouelle, 1819
The listing from the Hawaiian Is. of Cyclax suborbicularis (Stimpson, 1858) by Sakai (1976), Davie (2002), and
McLaughlin et al. (2005), and Prismatopus brevispinosus (Yokoya, 1933) by Sakai (1976, as Chlorinoides
brevispinosus) are most probably erroneous as there are no published, reliable records of the two species from the
archipelago.
Genus Prismatopus Ward, 1933
Prismatopus goldsboroughi (Rathbun, 1906)
Chlorinoides goldsboroughi Rathbun, 1906: 881, pl. 14, fig. 7 [type locality: Pailolo Channel east of Moloka‘i,
also Moloka‘i; holotype: USNM 29699].
Additional reference on Hawaiian Is. material:
Chlorinoides goldsboroughi Rathbun, 1906 — Sakai 1976: 251 [holotype].
Remarks. Described from the Hawaiian Is. but no subsequent records are known from the archipelago.
Taxonomy. Griffin & Tranter (1986)
Geographical distribution. Tropical and temperate southwestern Pacific Ocean, Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Subtidal, 60–95 m.
Genus Schizophroida Sakai, 1933
Schizophroida hilensis (Rathbun, 1906)
Schizophrys hilensis Rathbun, 1906: 882, fig. 38 [type locality: Hawai‘i, also from Maui, H.I.; syntypes: USNM
29794].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Schizophrys hilensis Rathbun, 1906 — Edmondson 1925: 31 [Pearl and Hermes Reef, Laysan, Necker]. — Pesta
1933: 280 [H.I.]. — Brock et al. 1965: 14 [Johnston Atoll]. — DeFelice et al. 1998: 16 [Midway Is.]. —
Coles et al. 1998: 15, 25 [Kaho‘olawe]. — Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 1999: 155 [O‘ahu].
Schizophroida hilensis (Rathbun, 1906) — Griffin & Tanter 1986: 238, fig. 68c, d, pl. 19 [O‘ahu, Hawai‘i].
Schizophroidea [sic] hilensis (Rathbun, 1906) — Coles et al. 1997: C–74 [O‘ahu]. — Hoover 2006: 269, color
photographs [O‘ahu, Hawai‘i].
Schizophorida [sic] hilensis (Rathbun, 1906) — Coles et al. 2001: 272, 334 [O‘ahu] — Coles, DeFelice &
Eldredge 2002b: 143, 224 [O‘ahu] — Coles, Reath, Longenecker, Bolick & Eldredge 2004: 1379 [Kaua‘i,
Maui]. — Coles et al. 2008: 48 [L na‘i]. — Coles & Swenson 2010: 88 [L na‘i].
Remarks. The tropical Pacific populations represent at least two undescribed new species distinct from the
Hawaiian populations (P.K.L. Ng & T. Naruse, personal communication).
Taxonomy. Griffin & Tranter (1986), Komatsu (2011)
Geographical distribution. Tropical Pacific Ocean, temperate southwestern Pacific Ocean.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to 100 m.
Genus Schizophrys White, 1848
(*) Schizophrys aspera (H. Milne Edwards, 1834)
Mithrax asper H. Milne Edwards, 1834: 320 [type locality: unknown; possible type material: MNHN-B463].
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Hawaiian Is. record:
Schizophrys aspera (H. Milne Edwards, 1834) — Edmondson 1951: 211, fig. 16 [O‘ahu].
Remarks. Considered a possible introduction (Edmondson 1951) or as not reliably recorded from the Hawaiian Is.
(Carlton & Eldredge 2009; introduced to New Zealand (Ahyong & Wilkens 2011).
Taxonomy. Griffin & Tranter (1986)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region and southern Australia.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal to 69 m.
Subfamily Mithracinae MacLeay, 1838
Genus Micippa Leach, 1817
Micippa parca Alcock, 1895
Micippa margaritifera var. parca Alcock, 1895: 253 [type locality: Andaman Is.; type material: IM ?].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Micippa parca Alcock, 1895 — Rathbun 1906: 883 [French Frigate Shoals, “Modu Manu” (=Moku Manu, or
Nihoa)]. — Edmondson 1951: 213, fig. 17 [O‘ahu]. — Griffin & Tranter 1986: 277, fig. 102a [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Griffin & Tranter (1986)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to 72 m.
Micippa philyra (Herbst, 1803)
Cancer philyra Herbst, 1803: 51, pl. 58, fig. 4 [color] [type locality: Ostindien; holotype: ZMB Herbst 0077].
Hawaiian Is. record:
Micippa philyra (Herbst, 1803) — Rathbun 1906: 882 [O‘ahu]. — Edmondson 1923b: 1551 [Rathbun’s record].
Remarks. Recorded once from the Hawaiian Is. (Rathbun 1906) but no subsequent records are known from the
archipelago.
Taxonomy. Griffin & Tranter (1986), Komatsu (2011)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Subtidal, 2–90 m.
SUPERFAMILY PALICOIDEA Bouvier, 1898
Family Crossotonotidae A. Milne-Edwards, 1873
Genus Crossotonotus A. Milne-Edwards, 1873
Crossotonotus spinipes (De Man, 1888)
Pleurophricus spinipes De Man, 1888: 344, pl. 15, fig. 1 [type locality: Ambon (Indonesia); type material
presumed lost].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Manella spinipes (De Man, 1888) — Rathbun 1906: 837, fig. 3, pl. 7, fig. 6 [Moloka‘i, Au‘au Channel east of
Lna‘i]. — Edmondson 1946: 310, fig. 184b [O‘ahu]; 1962b: 12, figs. 2e, 4f [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Castro (2000a)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal to bathyal, to 146 m and tangle nets as deep as 500 m.
Family Palicidae Bouvier, 1898
Genus Exopalicus Castro, 2000
Exopalicus maculatus (Edmondson, 1930)
Palicus maculatus Edmondson, 1930: 15, fig. 6, pl.1, fig. C [type locality: O‘ahu; holotype: BPBM S3337].
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Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Palicus sp. — Edmondson, 1923b: 1552 [Kure Atoll].
Palicus tuberculatus Edmondson, 1925: 57, fig. 8e–g, pl. 4 [type locality: Kure Atoll, also from O‘ahu, Moloka‘i;
holotype: BPBM S1134, presumed lost].
Palicus maculatus Edmondson, 1930 — Edmondson 1946: 310, fig. 184c [O‘ahu]. — Titcomb et al. 1979: 366,
fig. 28E [H.I.].
Palicus tuberculatus Edmondson, 1925 — Edmondson 1946: 310 [O‘ahu, Moloka‘i, Kure Atoll].
Cymopolia medipacifica Edmondson, 1962: 9, fig. 4a–c [type locality: Kure Atoll, also from O‘ahu, Moloka‘i;
holotype: BPBM S1134, presumed lost].
Cymopolia maculata (Edmondson, 1930) — Edmondson 1962b: 11, fig. 4d, e [O‘ahu].
Exopalicus maculatus (Edmondson, 1930) — Castro 2000a: 546, figs. 37d, 38, 61b [holotype, O‘ahu, Moloka‘i].
— Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 2002b: 133 [O‘ahu]. — Hoover 2006: 287, color photograph [O‘ahu].
? Exopalicus maculatus — Coles et al. 2008: 48 [L na‘i].
Taxonomy. Castro (2000a)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Hides in hard substrates during daytime, but out in the open or even swimming in the water column at
night; shallow subtidal to 18 m.
Genus Pseudopalicus Moosa & Serène, 1981
Pseudopalicus investigatoris (Alcock, 1900)
Palicus investigatoris Alcock, 1900b: 455 [type locality: Andaman Is.; type material: IM ?].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Palicus fisheri Rathbun, 1906: 835, fig. 1, pl. 7, fig. 5 [type locality: Kaua‘i, also from Moloka‘i, Maui,
‘Alenuih h Channel east of Maui, Laysan; holotype: USNM 29368].
Palicus fisheri Rathbun, 1906 — Edmondson 1946: 310 [Rathbun’s records].
Cymopolia fisheri (Rathbun, 1906) — Edmondson 1962b: 8 [Rathbun’s records].
Pseudopalicus investigatoris (Alcock, 1900) — Castro 2000a: 468, figs. 4b, c, 8b, 9a, 12b, 60d [holotype of
Palicus fisheri].
Remarks. Recorded from the Hawaiian Is. by Rathbun (1906) but no subsequent records are known from the
archipelago.
Taxonomy. Castro (2000a)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to bathyal, 43–366 m.
Pseudopalicus oahuensis (Rathbun, 1906)
Palicus oahuensis Rathbun, 1906: 836, fig. 2, pl. 7, fig. 4 [type locality: O‘ahu; holotype: USNM 29374].
Additional references on Hawaiian Is. material:
Palicus oahuensis (Rathbun, 1906) — Edmondson 1946: 309 [Rathbun’s record].
Cymopolia oahuensis (Rathbun, 1906) — Edmondson 1962b: 9 [Rathbun’s record].
Pseudopalicus oahuensis (Rathbun, 1906) — Castro 2000a: 465, figs. 4e, f, 12a, 60c [holotype].
Remarks. Described from the Hawaiian Is. but but no subsequent records are known from the archipelago. Deep-
water species but recorded, most probably in error, from “Honolulu Reef” (Rathbun 1906).
Taxonomy. Castro (2000a)
Geographical distribution. Tropical Pacific Ocean.
Habitat. Bathyal, 260–660 m.
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SUPERFAMILY PARTHENOPOIDEA MacLeay, 1838
Family Parthenopidae MacLeay, 1838
Subfamily Daldorfiinae Ng & Rodríguez, 1986
Genus Daldorfia Rathbun, 1904
Daldorfia horrida (Linnaeus, 1758), although listed as found in the Hawaiian Is. by Sakai (1976) and McLaughlin
et al. (2005), has yet to be reliably recorded from the Hawaiian Is. Reidentified Hawaiian material previously
identified as D. horrida actually belongs to either D. dimorpha S.H. Tan & Ng, 2007 (see below) or D. rathbunae
(De Man, 1902) (see below) (S.H. Tan & Ng 2007b).
Daldorfia dimorpha S.H. Tan & Ng, 2007
Daldorfia dimorpha S.H. Tan & Ng, 2007b: 140, figs. 12, 13 [type locality: Moloka‘i, also from Kaua‘i, O‘ahu,
Hawai‘i, Pearl and Hermes Reef, Laysan, French Frigate Shoals; holotype: BPBM S7002].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
? Daldorfia horrida (Linnaeus, 1758) — Randall 1840: 111 [“Sandwich Is.”]. — Lenz 1901: 458 [Laysan]. —
Pesta 1933: 280 [H.I.]. (not Cancer horridus Linnaeus, 1758)
Daldorfia horrida (Linnaeus, 1758) — Rathbun 1906: 886, pl. 14, fig. 5 (part) [H.I.]. — Edmondson 1925: 32
[O‘ahu, Kure Atoll, Laysan, French Frigate Shoals]. — Hoover 2006: 271 [H.I.]. (not Cancer horridus
Linnaeus, 1758)
Parthenope horrida (Linnaeus, 1758) — Edmondson 1946: 274, fig. 170 [Kaua‘i, H.I.]. (not Cancer horridus
Linnaeus, 1758)
Taxonomy. Material from the Hawaiian Is. previously attributed to D. horrida belongs to either D. dimorpha or D.
rathbunae (see below) (S.H. Tan & Ng 2007b).
Geographical distribution. Only known from the Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal to 73 m.
Daldorfia rathbunae (De Man, 1902)
Thyrolambrus rathbuni De Man, 1902: 677, pl. 22, fig. 35, 35a–d [type locality: Ternate (Indonesia); holotype: SMF
10787].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Daldorfia horrida (Linnaeus, 1758) — Rathbun 1906: 886, fig. 39, pl. 14, fig. 5 (part) [O‘ahu, Au’au Channel east
of L na‘i, Hawai‘i]. (not Cancer horridus Linnaeus, 1758)
Parthenope horrida (Linnaeus, 1758) — Tinker 1965: 90, pl. 33 [H.I.]. (not Cancer horridus Linnaeus, 1758)
Taxonomy. S.H. Tan et al. (1999), S.H. Tan & Ng (2007b). Material from the Hawaiian Is. previously attributed to
D. horrida belongs to either D. rathbunae or D. dimorpha (see above) (S.H. Tan & Ng 2007b).
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal, 15–45 m.
Genus Niobafia S.H. Tan & Ng, 2007
Niobafia erosa (Miers, 1879)
Lambrus (Parthenopoides) erosus Miers, 1879: 25, pl. 5, fig. 8 [type locality: “Eastern Seas;” holotype: NHM
1862.35].
Hawaiian Is. record:
Niobafia erosa (Miers, 1879) — S.H. Tan & Ng, 2007b: 155, figs. 4c, 5c, 26, 27 [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. S.H. Tan & Ng (2007b)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to 22 m.
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Subfamily Parthenopinae MacLeay, 1838
Garthambrus pteromerus (Ortmann, 1893) was erroneously listed (as Tutankhamen pteromerus) from the
Hawaiian Is. by Sakai (1976) and McLaughlin et al. (2005).
Genus Aulacolambrus Paul'son, 1875
Aulacolambrus hoplonotus (Adams & White, 1849)
Lambrus hoplonotus Adams & White, 1849: 35, pl. 7, fig. 3 [color] [type locality: “Eastern Seas;” holotype: NHM
1847.21].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Parthenope (Aulacolambrus) hoplonotus (Adams & White, 1849) — Rathbun 1906: 885 [Maui].
Aulacolambrus hoplonotus (Adams & White, 1849) — Hoover 2006: 272, color photograph [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. S.H. Tan et al. (1999), S.H. Tan & Ng (2003)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal, 3–42 m.
Aulacolambrus whitei (A. Milne-Edwards, 1872)
Lambrus whitei A. Milne-Edwards, 1872: 260 (material in Adams & White, 1849: 27, pl. 5, fig. 3) [type locality:
Borneo; lectotype: NHM 1847.21; paralectotype: NHM 1847.21].
Hawaiian Is. record:
Parthenope (Aulacolambrus) whitei A. Milne-Edwards, 1872 — Rathbun 1906: 885, pl. 15, fig. 5 [Moloka‘i].
Remarks. Recorded from the Hawaiian Is. by Rathbun (1906) but no subsequent records are known from the
archipelago.
Taxonomy. Rathbun (1906), Ng et al.(2008)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal, 38–57 m.
Genus Furtipodia S.H. Tan & Ng, 2003
Furtipodia gemma S.H. Tan & Ng, 2003
Furtipodia gemma S.H. Tan & Ng, 2003: 398, figs. 4a, 5a, b, 6 [type locality: Guam, also from O‘ahu; holotype:
ZRC 2002.211].
Taxonomy. S.H. Tan & Ng (2003)
Geographical distribution. Guam, Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to 3 m.
Furtipodia petrosa (Klunzinger, 1906)
Heterocrypta petrosa Klunzinger, 1906: 53, pl. 2, fig. 9 [type locality: Red Sea; type material presumed lost].
Hawaiian Is. record:
Daldorfia sp. — Hoover 2006: 271, 364 [Furtipodia sp. in index], color photograph a [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. S.H. Tan & Ng (2003)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to 10 m.
Genus Garthambrus Ng, 1996
Garthambrus complanatus (Rathbun, 1906)
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Parthenope (Platylambrus) stellata complanata Rathbun 1906: 884 [type locality: Kaua‘i; lectotype: USNM
29845a].
Additional references on Hawaiian Is. material:
Parthenope (Platylambrus) complanata Rathbun, 1906 — Garth 1992: 789 [Rathbun’s material].
Parthenope complanata (Rathbun, 1906) — Garth & Davie 1995: 226, fig. 3B [Rathbun’s material].
Garthambrus complanata (Rathbun, 1906) — Ng & S.H. Tan 1999: 128, figs. 4, 6G–I [Rathbun’s material].
Garthambrus complanatus (Rathbun, 1906) — McLay & S.H. Tan 2009: 13, figs 5C–D, 10B [lectotype].
Remarks. Described from the Hawaiian Is. but no subsequent records are known from the archipelago.
Taxonomy. Ng & S.H. Tan (1999, as Garthambrus complanata), McLay & S.H. Tan (2009)
Geographical distribution. Only known from the Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Bathyal, 470–570 m.
Garthambrus lacunosus (Rathbun, 1906)
Parthenope (Platylambrus) stellata lacunosa Rathbun, 1906: 884, pl. 15, fig. 7 [type locality: Hawai‘i, also from
O‘ahu, Moloka‘i, Pailolo Channel east of Moloka‘i, Maui; holotype: USNM 29842].
Additional references on Hawaiian Is. material::
Parthenope (Platylambrus) lacunosa Rathbun, 1906 — Garth 1992: 788 [holotype].
Parthenope lacunosa (Rathbun, 1906) — Garth & Davie 1995: 226, fig. 3A [holotype].
Garthambrus lacunosa (Rathbun, 1906) — Ng & S.H. Tan 1999: 126, figs. 2, 3B, C, 6D–F [holotype, paratypes].
Garthambrus lacunosus (Rathbun, 1906) — McLay & S.H. Tan 2009: 16, figs 6C, D, 12A, B [Pailolo Channel
paratype].
Remarks. Described from the Hawaiian Is. but no subsequent records are known from the archipelago.
Taxonomy. Ng & S.H. Tan (1999, as Garthambrus lacunosa), McLay & S.H. Tan (2009)
Geographical distribution. Indonesia, Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Subtidal to bathyal, 170–362 m.
Garthambrus stellatus (Rathbun, 1906)
Parthenope (Platylambrus) stellata Rathbun, 1906: 884, pl. 15, figs. 1, 2 (part) [type locality: O‘ahu, also from
Hawai‘i; holotype: USNM 29839].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Parthenope stellata (Rathbun, 1906) — Garth & Davie 1995: 225, fig. 2B [holotype]. — Chave & Malahoff 1998:
table 1 [N.W.I., Johnston Atoll].
Garthambrus stellata (Rathbun, 1906) — S.H. Tan et al. 1999: 199, fig. 5 [O‘ahu]. — Ng & S.H. Tan 1999: 122,
figs. 1, 3A, 6A–C [holotype, Hawai‘i paratype, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i].
Garthambrus stellatus (Rathbun, 1906) — McLay & S.H. Tan 2009: 20, figs. 7C, D, 13B [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Ng & S.H. Tan (1999, as Garthambrus stellata), McLay & S.H. Tan (2009)
Geographical distribution. Tropical Pacific Ocean
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to bathyal, 46–1338 m.
Genus Lambrachaeus Alcock, 1895
Lambrachaeus ramifer Alcock, 1895
Lambrachaeus ramifer Alcock, 1895: 168, pl. 3, fig. 1 [type locality: Andaman Is.; type material: IM ?].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Lambrachaeus ramifer Alcock, 1895 — Edmondson 1952: 82, fig. 9 [O‘ahu]. — Griffin & Tranter 1986: 33
[O‘ahu]. — Ng & McLay 2003: 902 [O‘ahu]. — Hoover 2006: 272, color photograph [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Ng & McLay (2003)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
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Habitat. Subtidal, 54–90 m.
Genus Patulambrus S.H. Tan & Ng, 2007
Patulambrus nummifera (Rathbun, 1906)
Parthenope (Platylambrus) nummifera Rathbun, 1906: 883, pl. 14, fig. 4 [type locality: Hawai‘i, also from Kaua‘i,
O‘ahu, Moloka‘i, ‘Alenuih h Channel east of Maui, “Modu Manu” (=Moku Manu, or Nihoa); holotype:
USNM 29826].
Additional reference on Hawaiian Is. material:
Patulambrus nummifera (Rathbun, 1906) — S.H. Tan & Ng 2007a: 119, fig. 11B [holotype].
Taxonomy. S.H. Tan & Ng (2007a)
Geographical distribution. Japan, Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to bathyal, 7–539 m.
Genus Pseudolambrus Paul'son, 1875
Pseudolambrus calappoides (Adams & White, 1849)
Parthenope calappoides Adams & White, 1849: 34, pl. 5, fig. 5 [type locality: Philippines; holotype: NHM
1847.13].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Parthenope (Parthenolambrus) calappoides (Adams & White, 1849) — Rathbun (1906: 886, pl. 15, fig. 6 [Kaua‘i,
Moloka‘i, Au‘au Channel, Hawai‘i, “Modu Manu” (=Moku Manu, or Nihoa)].
Parthenope (Platylambrus) stellata (Rathbun, 1906) — Edmondson 1951: 213, fig. 18 [O‘ahu]. (not Parthenope
(Platylambrus) stellata Rathbun, 1906)
Taxonomy. McLay & S.H. Tan (2009)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to bathyal, 44–424 m.
Genus Rhinolambrus A. Milne-Edwards, 1878
Rhinolambrus contrarius (Herbst, 1804)
Cancer contrarius Herbst, 1804: 8, pl. 60, fig. 3 [color] [type locality: Ostindien; type material presumed lost (see
K. Sakai 1999)].
Remarks. Listed as found in the Hawaiian Is. by Sakai (1976), S.H. Tan et al. (1999) and McLaughlin et al. (2005)
although no published, reliable records from the archipelago are known.
Taxonomy. S.H. Tan et al. (1999)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal.
Rhinolambrus lamelliger (White, 1847)
Lambrus lamelliger White, 1847: 58 [type locality: Philippines; holotype: NHM 1843.6].
Hawaiian Is. record:
Parthenope (Rhinolambrus) lamelligera (White, 1847) — Rathbun 1906: 885, pl. 17, fig. 1 [Kaua‘i, Moloka‘i,
Pailolo Channel east of Moloka‘i, Au‘au Channel east of L na‘i, “Modu Manu” (=Moku Manu, or Nihoa)]
— Edmondson 1946: 275 [Kaua‘i].
Taxonomy. S.H. Tan et al. (1999)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to bathyal, 1–400 m.
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(?) Rhinolambrus longispinis (Miers, 1879)
Lambrus longispinis Miers, 1879: 18 [type locality: Shanghai (China); holotype: BM 1939.5.8.9].
Hawaiian Is. record:
Lambrus (Rhinolambrus) longispinis Miers, 1879 — Tinker 1965: 88, pl. 32 [H.I.].
Remarks. Tinker’s (1965) identification is questionable.
Taxonomy. S.H. Tan et al. (1999)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Subtidal, 5–134 m.
SUPERFAMILY PILUMNOIDEA Samouelle, 1819
Family Eumedonidae Dana, 1853
The position of eumedonids as an idependent family (e.g. Martin & Davis 2001; D. Guinot, M. Tavares & P.
Castro, manuscript) is not accepted by all. Morphological evidence in adults and larvae points against a familial
status (Ng & Clark 2000a, b), and the taxon has been treated as a subfamily of Pilumnidae (Ng et al. 2008; De
Grave et al. 2009). The symbiotic existence of all eumedonids in contrast to the free-living existence of pilumnids
suggests otherwise.
Genus Echinoecus Rathbun, 1894
Echinoecus pentagonus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1879)
Eumedon pentagonus A. Milne-Edwards, 1879a: 104 [type locality: Mauritius; holotype: MNHN-B24731].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Echinoecus pentagonus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1879) — Rathbun 1906: 880, fig. 37 [“Modu Manu” (=Moku Manu,
or Nihoa)]. — Castro 1971: 229, figs. 1, 5 [O‘ahu]; 1978b: 259 [O‘ahu]. — Sakai 1976: 295, pl. 100, fig.
1 [O‘ahu]. — Van Dover et al. 1986: 757, figs. 1–5 [larvae] [O‘ahu]. — Chia et al. 1999: 811, figs. 1, 2,
4H [O‘ahu, Nihoa]. — Hoover 2006: 270, 313, color photograph [O‘ahu]. — Coles et al. 2008: 56, 62
[Moloka‘i, Molokini].
Taxonomy. Chia et al. (1999)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Symbiont of Echinothrix Peters, 1853 [E. calamaris (Pallas, 1774), in the Hawaiian Is.] and infrequently
of other sea urchins; shallow subtidal to 47 m.
Family Pilumnidae Samouelle, 1819
Subfamily Pilumninae Samouelle, 1819
Genus Actumnus Dana, 1851
Actumnus obesus Dana, 1852
Actumnus obesus Dana, 1852a: 82 [type locality: Maui; type material presumed lost].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Actumnus obesus Dana, 1852 — Dana 1852b: 244, pl. 14, fig. 3 [Maui]. — Rathbun 1906: 865, pl. 11, fig. 2
[Moloka‘i]. — Edmondson 1925: 42 [O‘ahu, French Frigate Shoals]; 1946: 299 [H.I.]; 1962a: 290, figs.
27a, 28a [O‘ahu]. — Titgen 1987: 108 [Moloka‘i]. — Coles, Reath, Longenecker, Bolick & Eldredge
2004: 143 [Kaua‘i].
Taxonomy. Edmondson (1962a)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to 133 m.
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Genus Glabropilumnus Balss, 1932
(I) Glabropilumnus seminudus (Miers, 1884)
Pilumnus seminudus Miers, 1884a: 222, pl. 21, fig. C [type locality: Queensland (Australia); holotype: NHM
1882.7].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Glabropilumnus seminudus (Miers, 1884). — Edmondson 1952: 83, figs. 10, 11 [O‘ahu]; 1954: 297 [previous
record]; 1962a: 297, fig. 29b [previous record]. — Coles, Reath, Longenecker, Bolick & Eldredge 2004:
140 [Moloka‘i, Maui]. — Coles, Kandel, Reath, Longenecker & Eldredge 2006: 495 [Moloka‘i]. — Coles
et al. 2009: 78, 82 [O‘ahu].
Remarks. Apparently introduced to the Hawaiian Is. on a barge brought from Guam (Edmondson 1952; Carlton &
Eldredge 2009; Brockerhoff & McLay 2011).
Taxonomy. Galil & Takeda (1988)
Geographical distribution. Western Pacific Ocean
Habitat. Subtidal
Genus Pilumnus Leach, 1816
Pilumnus acutifrons Rathbun, 1906
Pilumnus acutifrons Rathbun, 1906: 863, fig. 23 [type locality: French Frigate Shoals; holotype: USNM 29543].
Additional reference on Hawaiian Is. material:
Pilumnus acutifrons Rathbun, 1906 — Edmondson 1962a: 292, fig. 27b [Rathbun’s record].
Remarks. Described from the Hawaiian Is. but no subsequent records are known from the archipelago.
Taxonomy. Edmondson (1962a)
Geographical distribution. Only known from the Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to 32 m.
Pilumnus alcocki Borradaile, 1902
Pilumnus alcocki Borradaile, 1902b: 248, fig. 48 [type locality: Maldives; type material: UMZC].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Pilumnus alcocki Borradaile, 1902 — Rathbun 1906: 862, Penguin Bank east of Moloka‘i, Nihoa). — Edmondson
1962a: 292, fig. 27c [Rathbun’s record]. — Coles, Reath, Longenecker, Bolick & Eldredge 2004: 140
[Maui].
Taxonomy. Edmondson (1962a)
Geographical distribution. Maldives, Hawaiian Is., and presumably other locations in the Indo-West Pacific
region.
Habitat. Subtidal, 25–129 m.
Pilumnus longicornis Hilgendorf, 1879
Pilumnus longicornis Hilgendorf, 1879: 794, pl. 1, figs. 8, 9 [type locality: Mozambique; holotype: ZMB].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Pilumnus andersoni De Man, 1887 — Rathbun 1906: 863 [Laysan].
Pilumnus longicornis Hilgendorf, 1878 — Edmondson 1962a: 294, fig. 29a [on hull of boat in O‘ahu]. — Coles,
DeFelice & Eldredge 1999: 160 [O‘ahu]; 2002a: 268, 333 [O‘ahu]; 2002b: 136, 223 [O‘ahu]. — DeFelice
et al. 2002: 30, 71 [French Frigate Shoals].
Taxonomy. Edmondson (1962a)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region and New Zealand
Habitat. Subtidal, 10–85 m.
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(?) Pilumnus minutus De Haan, 1835
Cancer (Pilumnus) minutus De Haan, 1835: 50, pl. 3, fig. 2 [type locality: Japan; type material: status and location
unknown].
Hawaiian Is. record:
Pilumnus minutus De Haan, 1835: Coles et al. 1997: C–79 [O‘ahu].
Remarks. The identification of the Hawaiian Is. material is questionable.
Taxonomy. Sakai (1976)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal to 50 m.
Pilumnus nuttingi Rathbun, 1906
Pilumnus nuttingi Rathbun, 1906: 862, fig. 22, pl. 11, fig. 8 [type locality: “Modu Manu” (=Moku Manu, or
Nihoa), also from Penguin Bank east of Moloka‘i, Moloka‘i; holotype: USNM 29551].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Pilumnus nuttingi Rathbun, 1906 — Edmondson 1962a: 292, fig. 30a [O‘ahu, H.I.]. — Titgen 1987: 108 [Nihoa].
— Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 1999: 160 [O‘ahu]. — Coles, Reath, Longenecker, Bolick & Eldredge
2004: 140 [Kaua‘i, Moloka‘i, Maui].
Taxonomy. Edmondson (1962a)
Geographical distribution. Western Pacific Ocean, Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to bathyal, 42–291 m.
(I?) Pilumnus oahuensis Edmondson, 1931
Pilumnus oahuensis Edmondson, 1931: 7, fig. 3a, b, pl. 2 [type locality: O‘ahu; holotype: BPBM S3432].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Pilumnus oahuensis Edmondson, 1931 — Edmondson 1946: 299, fig. 180c [O‘ahu]; 1962a: 294, fig. 28d [O‘ahu].
— Coles et al. 1997: C–80 [O‘ahu]. — Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 1999: 160 [O‘ahu]; 2002a: 268, 333,
351 [O‘ahu]; 2002b: 134 [O‘ahu]. — Coles, DeFelice & Godwin 1999: 22 [O‘ahu]. — Coles, Reath,
Longenecker, Bolick & Eldredge 2004: 24, 140 [Kaua‘i, Moloka‘i, Maui, Hawai‘i] — Coles, Kandel,
Reath, Longenecker & Eldredge 2006: 495 [Kaua‘i, Maui, Hawai‘i]. — Coles et al. 2009: 63, 78, 82, 176
[O‘ahu].
Remarks. Possibly introduced (see Carlton & Eldredge 2009; Brockerhoff & McLay 2011) and described from the
Hawaiian Is. while remaining unknown elsewhere.
Taxonomy. Edmondson (1962a)
Geographical distribution. Only known from the Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal.
Pilumnus taeniola Rathbun, 1906
Pilumnus taeniola Rathbun, 1906: 864, fig. 24, pl. 11, fig. 3 [type locality: Penguin Bank, also from Au‘au Channel
east of L na‘i; holotype: USNM 29554].
Additional Hawaiian Is. record:
Pilumnus taeniola Rathbun, 1906 — Edmondson 1962a: 296, fig. 30b–d [O‘ahu].
Pilumnus ? taeniola Rathbun, 1906 — Coles et al. 2009: 63, 176 [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Edmondson (1962a)
Geographical distribution. Only known from the Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Subtidal, 25–91 m
Pilumnus vespertilio (Fabricius, 1793)
Cancer vespertilio Fabricius, 1793: 463 [type locality: Indiis; lectotype: ZMUC Cru 87].
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Hawaiian Is. records:
Actaea dentata Edmondson, 1935: 29, fig. 9, pl. 1, fig. B [type locality: Tonga, also from O‘ahu; holotype: BPBM
S3847].
Pilumnus vespertilio (Fabricius, 1793) — Rathbun 1906: 862 [O‘ahu]. — Edmondson 1923b: 1550 [H.I.]; 1946:
301 [Rathbun’s record]; 1962a: 291, fig. 28b [Rathbun’s record]. — Coles et al. 2009: 63, 78 [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Edmondson (1962a), Davie (2002)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal.
Subfamily Rhizopinae Stimpson, 1858
Genus Caecopilumnus Borradaile, 1902
Caecopilumnus crassipes (Tesch, 1918)
Typhlocarcinodes crassipes Tesch, 1918: 230, pl. 15, fig. 1 [type locality: Banda Sea (Indonesia); type material:
ZMA ?].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Caecopilumnus crassipes (Tesch, 1918) — Heard & Manning 1990: 106 [Maui]. — Coles et al. 2008: 62
[Moloka‘i]. — Coles & Swenson 2010: 87 [Moloka‘i].
Taxonomy. Tesch (1918)
Geographical distribution. Western Pacific Ocean, Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal.
SUPERFAMILY PORTUNOIDEA Rafinesque, 1815
Family Carcinidae MacLeay, 1838
Genus Carcinus Leach, 1814
(*) Carcinus maenas Linnaeus, 1758
Cancer maenas Linnaeus, 1758: 627 [type locality: Oceano Europaeo, Asiatico; lectotype probably lost (see Apel
& Spiridonov 1998)].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Carcinus maenas (Linnaeus, 1758) — Streets 1877: 109 [H.I.].
Carcinides maenas (Linnaeus, 1758) — Rathbun 1906: 867 [Street’s specimen]. — Edmondson 1954: 228, figs.
5a–c, 6a [Streets’ record]. — Carlton & Eldredge 2009: 110 [Streets’ specimen].
Remarks. A well-known invasive species elsewhere, it was recorded once from the Hawaiian Is. (Streets 1877).
No subsequent records are known from the archipelago (see Carlton & Eldredge 2009).
Taxonomy. Apel & Spiridonov (1998)
Geographical distribution. Eastern North Atlantic Ocean but introduced to other areas of the world (see Carlton
& Cohen 2003).
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal to 60 m.
Family Macropipidae Stephenson & Campbell, 1960
Genus Parathranites Miers, 1886
Parathranites hexagonus Rathbun, 1906
Parathranites hexagonum Rathbun, 1906: 867, fig. 25, pl. 12, fig. 3 [type locality: Moloka‘i, also from Kaua‘i;
holotype: USNM 29674].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Parathranites hexagonum Rathbun, 1906 — Edmondson 1954: 228, fig. 5d [Rathbun’s material]. — Crosnier
2002b: 819, figs. 9A, 10C, D [holotype, Kaua‘i, ‘Alenuih h Channel east of Maui].
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Taxonomy. Crosnier (2002b)
Geographical distribution. Only known from the Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Subtidal to bathyal, 73–426 m.
Family Portunidae Rafinesque, 1815
Subfamily Atoportuninae Štev i, 2005
Genus Atoportunus Ng & Takeda, 2003
Atoportunus pluto Ng & Takeda, 2003
Atoportunus pluto Ng & Takeda, 2003: 426, figs. 1C, 6–8 [type locality: Hawai‘i; holotype: UF 2095; paratypes:
NSMT, ZRC].
Taxonomy. Ng & Takeda (2003)
Geographical distribution. Only known from the Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Underwater caves; 2–9 m.
Genus Laleonectes Manning & Chace, 1990
Laleonectes nipponensis (Sakai, 1938)
Neptunus (Hellenus) nipponensis Sakai, 1938: 301, fig. 1, pl. 16, fig. 1 [type locality: Japan; holotype: Seto Marine
Biological Laboratory, Sirahama, Japan, according to Sakai (1938) but not listed there as a catalogued
specimen (Harada 1991)].
Hawaiian Is. records:
? Portunus (Portunus) vocans (A. Milne-Edwards, 1878) — Edmondson 1935: 25, fig. 7 [O‘ahu].
Portunus oahuensis Edmondson, 1954: 243, fig. 20 [type locality: O‘ahu; holotype BPBM S3772].
Laleonectes nipponensis (Sakai, 1938) — Hoover 2006: 277, color photograph [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Manning & Chace (1990)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Subtidal, 15–130 m
Subfamily Caphyrinae Paul'son, 1875
Genus Coelocarcinus Edmondson, 1930
Coelocarcinus foliatus Edmondson, 1930
Coelocarcinus foliatus Edmondson, 1930: 13, pl. 1, fig. 5 [type locality: O‘ahu; holotype: BPBM S2664].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Coelocarcinus foliatus Edmondson, 1930 — Edmondson 1946: 278, fig. 172 [O‘ahu]; 1954: 232, figs. 8, 9a–c
[O‘ahu]. — Ng 2002: 53, figs. 1, 3 [holotype].
Taxonomy. Ng (2002)
Geographical distribution. Guam, Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal.
Genus Lissocarcinus Adams & White, 1849
Lissocarcinus laevis Miers, 1886
Lissocarcinus laevis Miers, 1886: 205, pl. 17, fig. 3, 3a, b, Celebes Sea (Indonesia); holotype: NHM].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Lissocarcinus laevis Miers, 1886 — Rathbun 1906: 869, fig. 27 [Hawai‘i]. — Edmondson 1951: 220, fig. 23
[O‘ahu, Moloka‘i]; 1954: 230, fig. 7d–f [H.I.].
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Taxonomy. Stephenson (1961), Crosnier (1962)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Subtidal, 9–140 m.
Lissocarcinus orbicularis Dana, 1852
Lissocarcinus orbicularis Dana, 1852a: 86 [type locality: Insulas Vitienses (= Fiji); type material presumed lost].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Lissocarcinus orbicularis Dana, 1852 — Rathbun 1906: 868 [O‘ahu, Hawai‘i]. — Edmondson 1923b: 1550 [H.I.];
1925: 36 [O‘ahu]; 1946: 278 [H.I.]; 1954: 230, figs. 6b, 7a–c [H.I.]. — Tinker 1965: 92, pl. 34 [H.I.]. —
Stephenson & Rees 1967: 7 [O‘ahu]. — Colin & Arneson 1995: 213, color photograph [Hawai‘i]. —
Hoover 2006: 275, 327, color photograph [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Crosnier (1962), Spiridonov (1999)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Internal and external symbiont of holothurians; shallow subtidal to 60 m.
Subfamily Carupinae Paul'son, 1875
Genus Pele Ng, 2011
Pele ramseyi Ng, 2011
Pele ramseyi Ng, 2011: 38, figs. 1– 9 [type locality: Maui; holotype BPBM S15980, paratype ZRC 2010.0322].
Taxonomy. Ng (2011)
Geographical distribution. Only known from the Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Anchialine pools in underlying lava tubes
Genus Carupa Dana, 1851
Carupa tenuipes Dana, 1852
Carupa tenuipes Dana, 1852a: 85 [type locality: archipelago Paumotensi (=Tuamotu Archipelago, French
Polynesia); holotype: MCZ 4291].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Carupa laeviscula Heller, 1862 — Lenz 1901: 455 [Laysan]. — Rathbun 1906: 870 [O‘ahu]. — Edmondson
1923a: 21 [O‘ahu]; 1925: 36 [Pearl and Hermes Reef, Lisianski]; 1946: 278, fig. 173a [H.I.]; 1954: 226,
figs 3b, 4e–g [H.I.].
Carupa tenuipes Dana, 1852 — Stephenson & Rees 1967: 5 [O‘ahu]. — Stephenson 1972: 130 [O‘ahu]. — Coles,
DeFelice & Eldredge 2002b: 133 [O‘ahu]. — Coles, Reath, Longenecker, Bolick & Eldredge 2004: 141
[Hawai‘i]. — Hoover 2006: 273, color photograph [Maui].
Taxonomy. Crosnier (1962), Apel & Spiridonov (1998), Vannini & Innocenti (2000)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region; introduced to the Mediterranean Sea (Brockerhoff
& McLay 2011) and New Zealand (Ahyong & Wilkens 2011).
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to 100 m.
Genus Catoptrus A. Milne-Edwards, 1870
Catoptrus inaequalis (Rathbun, 1906)
Goniocaphyra inaequalis Rathbun, 1906: 870, fig. 29, pl. 12, fig. 9 [type locality: Au‘au Channel east of L na‘i,
also from Kaua‘i, Moloka‘i; holotype: USNM 29657].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Goniocaphyra inaequalis (Rathbun, 1906) — Edmondson 1925: 36 [O‘ahu, Johnston Atoll].
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Catoptrus inaequalis (Rathbun, 1906) — Edmondson 1946: 277 [H.I.]; 1954: 222, figs. 2a–d, 3a [O‘ahu, H.I.,
Johnston Atoll]. — Amerson & Shelton 1976: 75 [Johnston Atoll]. — Coles et al. 2001: 52 [Johnston
Atoll].
Taxonomy. Edmondson (1954)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to bathyal, 24–326 m.
Catoptrus nitidus A. Milne-Edwards, 1870
Catoptrus nitidus A. Milne-Edwards, 1870: 82 [type locality: Iles Viti (=Fiji); lectotype: MNHN-B4639;
paralectotypes: MNHN-B22342].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Catoptrus nitidus A. Milne-Edwards, 1870 — Edmondson 1946: 277 [Pearl and Hermes Reef]; 1954: 224, fig. 2e–
g [Kaua‘i, O‘ahu]. — Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 2002b: 134 [O‘ahu]. — Coles, Reath, Longenecker,
Bolick & Eldredge 2004: 141 [Kaua‘i].
Taxonomy. Edmondson (1954), Vannini & Innocenti (2000)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Subtidal to 145 m.
Genus Libystes A. Milne-Edwards, 1867
Libystes edwardsi Alcock, 1900 [Alcock, 1900b: 306 type localities: Persian Gulf and Andaman Is.] was listed as
occurring in the Hawaiian Is. by McLaughlin et al. (2005) although no published, reliable records are known. The
species is being revised by P.K.L. Ng and T. Naruse.
Libystes nitidus A. Milne-Edwards, 1867 (A. Milne-Edwards, 1867: 285 [type locality: Zanzibar; type
material: MNHN-B2039 S]) was recorded by Cano (1889b: 225) from O‘ahu and his record listed by Rathbun
(1906: 834) and Edmondson (1946: 278; 1954: 225, fig. 4a, b). There are no subsequent records from the
archipelago. Libystes nitidus appears to be restricted to the Indian Ocean (P.K.L. Ng personal communication) so
Cano’s specimen or specimens, which appear to be lost, could have been mislabeled.
Libystes villosus Rathbun, 1924
Libystes villosus Rathbun, 1924: 127, fig. 25 [type locality: Samoa; holotype: USNM 46378].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Libystes villosus Rathbun, 1924 — Edmondson 1951: 223, fig. 25 [O‘ahu]; 1954: 226, fig. 4c, d [O‘ahu]. — Coles,
DeFelice & Eldredge 1999: 157 [O‘ahu].
Remarks. The status of the species of Libystes is in need of revision (Apel & Spiridonov 1998; Ng 2011).
Although some (e.g. Vannini & Innocenti 2000) regard L. villosus as a junior synonym of L. nitidus A. Milne-
Edwards, 1867, it is a valid species (Ng 2011). The Hawaiian specimens of L. villosus, however, may represent a
distinct species (P.K.L. Ng, personal communication).
Taxonomy. Ng (2011)
Geographical distribution. Western Pacific Ocean, Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Subtidal to 73 m.
Subfamily Lupocyclinae Paul'son, 1875
Genus Lupocyclus Adams & White, 1849
Lupocyclus inaequalis (Walker, 1887)
Goniosoma inaequalis Walker, 1887: 110, 116, pl. 8, fig. 4 [type locality: Singapore; type material: status and
location unknown].
Hawaiian Is. record:
Lupocyclus inaequalis (Walker, 1887) — Stephenson 1972: 134 [O‘ahu].
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Taxonomy. Stephenson (1972)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Subtidal, 80–110 m.
Lupocyclus quinquedentatus Rathbun, 1906
Lupocyclus quinquedentatus Rathbun, 1906: 869, fig. 28, pl. 12, fig. 7 [type locality: Penguin Bank south of O‘ahu,
also from Moloka‘i, Au‘au Channel east of L na‘i, Hawai‘i, “Modu Manu” (=Moku Manu, or Nihoa);
holotype: USNM 29669].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Lupocyclus quinquedentatus Rathbun, 1906 — Edmondson 1954: 233, figs. 9d–f, 10a [O‘ahu]. — Tinker 1965: 94,
pl. 35 [H.I.].
Taxonomy. Edmondson (1954)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Subtidal, 15–151 m.
Subfamily Necronectinae Glaessner, 1928
Genus Scylla De Haan, 1833
(I) Scylla serrata (Forskål, 1775)
Cancer serratus Forskål, 1775: 90 [type locality: Red Sea; neotype: QM W 20917].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Scylla serrata (Forskål, 1775) — Edmondson 1946: 278, fig. 174c [H.I.]; 1954: 234, figs. 10b, 11 [H.I.]. — Brock
1952: 119 [O‘ahu, Moloka‘i, Hawai‘i]; 1960: 468 [O‘ahu, Hawai‘i] — Tinker 1965: 96, pl. 36 [H.I.]. —
Kanayama 1967: 3 [H.I.]. — Walsh 1967: 426 [O‘ahu]. — Brick 1974: 231 [O‘ahu]. — Maciolek &
Timbol 1981: 718 [O‘ahu]. — Eldredge 1994: 97 [H.I.]; 1995: 57 [H.I.]. — Coles et al. 1997: 43, 55, C–
76 [O‘ahu]. — Coles 1999: 152 [O‘ahu]. — DeFelice et al. 2001: B–47, unnumb. figs. [H.I.]. — Hoover
2006: 276, 346, color photograph [H.I.].
Remarks. Introduced to the Hawaiian Is. from Samoa starting in 1926 (Brock 1952, 1960; Eldgredge 1994, 1995;
DeFelice et al. 2001; Carlton & Eldredge 2009; Brockerhoff & McLay 2011).
Taxonomy. Crosnier (1962), Apel & Spiridonov (1998), Keenan et al. (1998)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to 10 m.
Subfamily Podophthalminae Dana, 1851
Genus Podophthalmus Lamarck, 1801
Podophthalmus vigil (Fabricius, 1798)
Portunus vigil Fabricius, 1798: 363 [type locality Oceano Indico; lectotype: ZMUC, see Apel & Spiridonov 1998].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Podopthalmus vigil (Fabricius, 1798) — Randall 1840: 118 [“Sandwich Is.”]. — Gibbes 1850: 178 [“Sandwich
Is.”]. — Miers 1886: 207 [O‘ahu]. — Lenz 1901: 458 [O‘ahu]. — Rathbun 1906: 875 [O‘ahu, Hawai‘i].
— Pesta 1933: 280 [H.I.]. — Boone 1938: 228 [O‘ahu]. — Edmondson 1946: 231, 283, fig. 174b [H.I.];
1954: 271, fig. 44 [H.I.]. — Wiersma & Bush 1963: 13 [O‘ahu]. — Tinker 1965: 108, pl. 42 [H.I.]. — Van
Weel & Christopherson 1966: 317 [O‘ahu]. — Sather 1966: 185 [O‘ahu]; 1967: 193 [O‘ahu]; 1969: 371
[O‘ahu]. — Stephenson & Rees 1967: 104 [O‘ahu]. — Walsh 1967: 428 [O‘ahu]. — Kamemoto & Kato
1969: 232 [O‘ahu]. — Hazlett 1971b: 308, pl. 1, fig. 1 [O‘ahu]. — Eguchi & Waterman 1973: 145
[O‘ahu]. — Titcomb et al. 1979: 367 [H.I.]. — Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 1999: 158 [O‘ahu]. — Hoover
2006: 275, color photograph [H.I.].
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Taxonomy. Crosnier (1962), Apel & Spiridonov (1998), Vannini & Innocenti (2000)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to 70 m.
Subfamily Portuninae Rafinesque, 1815
Genus Callinectes Stimpson, 1860
(I) Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896
Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896: 352, pls. 12, 24, fig. 1, 25, fig. 1, 26, fig. 1, 27, fig. 1 [type locality: east coast
of United States; no type material designated].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896 — Eldredge 1994: 97 [H.I]; 1995: 55, fig. 1 [O‘ahu].
Callinectes sp. — Stephenson 1976: 13 [O‘ahu].
Remarks. Introduced to the Hawaiian Is. (Eldredge 1994, 1995), although there is no evidence of establishment
(Carlton & Eldredge 2009; Brockerhoff & McLay 2011).
Taxonomy. Williams (1984)
Geographical distribution. Western North and South Atlantic Ocean but introduced to other areas of the world.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to 90 m.
Genus Cycloachelous Ward, 1942
Cycloachelous orbicularis (Richters, 1880)
Achelous orbicularis Richters, 1880: 153, pl. 16, figs. 14, 15 [type locality: Seychelles; lectotype: ZMK Cr 1639;
paralectotypes ZMK Cr 3203].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Portunus (Achelous) orbicularis (Richters, 1880) — Rathbun 1906: 871, pl. 12, fig. 4 [Laysan]. — Edmondson
1946: 280 [H.I.]; 1954: 239, figs. 16c–e, 17b [H.I.]. — Titcomb et al. 1979: 363 [H.I.]. — De Grave et al.
2009: fig. 5D, color photograph [French Frigate Shoals].
Cycloachelous orbicularis (Richters, 1880) — Nguyen & Ng 2010: 40, fig. 5A, B [French Frigate Shoals].
Taxonomy. Crosnier (1962), Nguyen & Ng (2010)
Geographical distribution. Western Indian Ocean, Hawaiian Is., and presumably other locations in the Indo-West
Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal, 20–29 m.
Cycloachelous suborbicularis (Stephenson, 1975)
Portunus suborbicularis Stephenson, 1975: 180, figs. 1A, D, F, G, 2A, C, pl. 1, fig. 1 [type locality: Nihoa, also
from O‘ahu, Moloka‘i; holotype: USNM 29681].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Neptunus (Achelous) granulatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1834) — Lenz 1901: 455 [Laysan].
Portunus (Achelous) granulatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1834) — Rathbun 1906: 871, pl. 12, fig. 2 (part) [O‘ahu,
Moloka‘i, Au‘au Channel east of L na‘i, Hawai‘i, “Modu Manu” (=Moku Manu, or Nihoa)] —
Edmondson 1923b: 1550 (part) [H.I.]; 1954: 239, fig. 17a [O‘ahu].
Portunus granulatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1834) — Stephenson & Rees 1967: 25, fig. 5a, b (part) [O‘ahu]. —
Titcomb et al. 1979: 363 [H.I.] — DeFelice et al. 2002: 30, 71 [French Frigate Shoals].
Taxonomy. Crosnier (1962, as Portunus granulatus), Stephenson (1975, as Portunus (Achelous) suborbicularis),
Nguyen & Ng (2010)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to 120 m.
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Genus Portunus Weber, 1795
Subgenus Portunus (Monomia) Gistel, 1848
Portunus (Monomia) argentatus argentatus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1861)
Neptunus argentatus A. Milne-Edwards, 1861: 332, pl. 31, fig. 4, 4a, b [type locality: Borneo; type locality of
Amphitrite argentata White 1847, a nomen nudum; syntype: NHM].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Neptunus (Amphitrite) gladiator var. argentatus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1861) — Cano 1889b: 214 [O‘ahu].
? Portunus (Achelous) argentatus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1861) — Rathbun 1906: 871 [Moloka‘i]. — Edmondson
1946: 279 [Rathbun’s record]; 1954: 238, figs. 14, 15 [Cano’s and Rathbun’s records].
Remarks. Recorded twice from the Hawaiian Is. (Cano 1889b, questionably by Rathbun 1906) but no subsequent
records are known from the archipelago.
Taxonomy. Crosnier (1962), Stephenson & Rees (1967), Ng et al. (2008)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Subtidal, 10–150 m.
Portunus (Monomia) euglyphus (Laurie, 1906)
Neptunus (Amphitrite) euglyphus Laurie, 1906: 413, figs. 6, 7 [type locality: Ceylon (=Sri Lanka); type material:
status and location unknown].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Portunus (Achelous) granulatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1834) — Edmondson 1923b: 1550 (part) [H.I.]; 1946: 280
(part) [H.I.]; 1954: 239, figs. 16a, b, 17a (part) [O‘ahu].
Portunus euglyphus (Laurie, 1906) — Stephenson 1972: 135 [O‘ahu].
Remarks. Hawaiian populations may belong to an undescribed species (Neumann & Spiridonov 1999).
Taxonomy. Stephenson (1972)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Subtidal, 20–121 m.
Subgenus Portunus (Portunus) Weber, 1795
Portunus (Portunus) hawaiiensis Stephenson, 1968
Portunus (Portunus) sanguinolentus hawaiiensis Stephenson, 1968: 396, fig. 2A [type locality: O‘ahu, also from
Kaua‘i; type material: BPBM S7086–S7091].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Lupa sanguinolenta (Herbst, 1783) — Randall 1840: 117 [“Sandwich Is.”]. — Dana 1852b: 271 [“Sandwich Is.”].
Neptunus sanguinolentus (Herbst, 1783) — Streets 1877: 106 [H.I.]. — Lenz 1901: 456 [Moloka‘i]. — Boone
1938: 223, pls. 81–83 [O‘ahu].
Neptunus (Neptunus) sanguinolentus (Herbst, 1783) — Miers 1886: 174 [O‘ahu, Hawai‘i].
Neptunus diacanthus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1979) — Cano 1889b: 211 [O‘ahu].
Portunus sanguinolentus (Herbst, 1783) — Rathbun 1906: 870 [O‘ahu, Moloka‘i, Pailolo Channel east of
Moloka‘i, Maui, Au‘au Channel east of L na‘i, Hawai‘i, H.I.] — Edmondson 1946: 231, 280, 283, fig.
173c [O‘ahu, H.I.]; 1954: 236, figs. 12a–c, 13a [H.I.]. — Wiersma & Ripley 1952: 392 [O‘ahu]. — Tinker
1965: 98, pl. 37 [H.I.]. — Van Weel & Christopherson 1966: 317 [O‘ahu]. — Ryan 1966: 340 [O‘ahu];
1968a: 506 [O‘ahu]; 1968b: 522 [O‘ahu]; 1968c: 715 [O‘ahu]. — Walsh 1967: 428 [O‘ahu]. —
Kamemoto & Kato 1969: 232 [O‘ahu]. — Sather 1969: 371 [O‘ahu]. — Hazlett 1971b: 308, pl. 1, fig. 2
[O‘ahu]. — Clarke 1972a: 11, 14 [O‘ahu]; 1972b: 313, 315 [O‘ahu]. — Titcomb et al. 1979: 365 [H.I.]. —
Maciolek & Timbol 1981: 718 [O‘ahu].
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Portunus (Portunus) sanguinolentus hawaiiensis Stephenson, 1968 — Stephenson 1972: 138 [O‘ahu].
Portunus sanguinolentus sanguinolentus (Herbst, 1783) — Stephenson 1976: 19 [O‘ahu, Hawai‘i].
Portunus sanguinolentus hawaiiensis Stephenson, 1968 — Hoover 2006: 276, 346, color photograph [O‘ahu].
Remarks. The Hawaiian subspecies represents a species different from Portunus sanguinolentus (Herbst, 1783)
(P.K.L. Ng and J. Lai, personal communication).
Taxonomy. Stephenson (1968)
Geographical distribution. Hawaiian Is. and French Polynesia (P.K.L. Ng, personal communication)
Habitat. Shallow subtidal.
Portunus (Portunus) pubescens (Dana, 1852)
Lupa pubescens Dana, 1852a: 84 [type locality: Maui; type material presumed lost].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Lupa pubescens Dana, 1852 — Dana 1852b: 274, 1577, pl. 16, fig. 9 [Maui].
Portunus pubescens (Dana, 1852) — Rathbun 1906: 870, pl. 14, fig. 1 [Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, Maui]. — Edmondson
1923: 22 [H.I.]; 1925: 37 [O‘ahu, Lisianski, Laysan]; 1946: 280 [H.I.]; 1954: 237, figs. 12d–f, 13b [O‘ahu,
N.W.I.]. — Tinker 1965: 100, pl. 38 [H.I.]. — Stephenson 1972: 137 [O‘ahu]. — Hoover 2006: 276, color
photograph [Maui].
Portunus sp. — Edmondson 1935: 27, fig. 8 [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Crosnier (1962), Stephenson & Campbell (1959), Vannini & Innocenti (2000)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal to 30 m.
Subgenus Portunus (Xiphonectes) A. Milne-Edwards, 1873
Portunus (Xiphonectes) latibrachium (Rathbun, 1906)
Parathranites latibrachium Rathbun, 1906: 868, fig. 26 [type locality: “Modu Manu” (=Moku Manu, or Nihoa);
holotype: USNM 29676].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Parathranites latibrachium Rathbun, 1906 — Edmondson 1954: 229, fig. 5e [Rathbun’s record].
Portunus latibrachium Rathbun, 1906 — Crosnier 1984a: 404, figs. 2C–F, 3B, C [holotype].
Remarks. Described from the Hawaiian Is. but no subsequent records are known from the archipelago.
Taxonomy. Crosnier (1984a)
Geographical distribution. Seychelles, Hawaiian Is., and presumably other locations in the Indo-West Pacific
region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal, 32–68 m.
Portunus (Xiphonectes) longispinosus longispinosus (Dana, 1852)
Amphitrite longi-spinosa Dana, 1852a: 84 [type locality: insulas Vitienses (=Fiji); type material presumed lost].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Amphitrite vigilans Dana, 1852a: 84 [type locality: insulas Hawaienses; type material presumed lost].
Amphitrite vigilans Dana, 1852 — Dana 1852b: 278, pl. 17, fig. 3 [“Sandwich Is.”].
Portunus (Xiphonectes) longispinosus (Dana, 1852) — Rathbun 1906: 871, fig. 30, pl. 12, fig. 6 [Kaua‘i, O‘ahu,
Hawai‘i]. — Edmondson 1925: 36 [Laysan, Johnston Atoll]; 1946: 280 [H.I.]; 1954: 241, figs. 18a–c, 19a
[O‘ahu, Laysan, Johnston Atoll].
Portunus longispinosus (Dana, 1852) — Amerson & Shelton 1976: 75 [Johnston Atoll]. — Stephenson 1976: 17
[H.I.].
Remarks. The species appears to consist of several distinct species (Crosnier 1962; Stephenson & Rees 1967).
Taxonomy. Crosnier (1962), Stephenson & Rees (1967)
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Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to 68 m.
Portunus (Xiphonectes) macrophthalmus Rathbun, 1906
Portunus (Xiphonectes) macrophthalmus Rathbun, 1906: 871, fig. 31, pl. 12, fig. 5 [type locality: “Modu Manu”
(=Moku Manu, or Nihoa), also from Kaua‘i, Moloka‘i; holotype: USNM 29688].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Portunus (Xiphonectes) macrophthalmus Rathbun, 1906 — Edmondson 1946: 280 [H.I.]; 1951: 222 [O‘ahu];
1952: 242, figs. 18d–f, 19b [O‘ahu].
Portunus macrophthalmus Rathbun, 1906 — Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 2002b: 134 [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Crosnier (1962)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to bathyal, 2–659 m.
(*) Portunus (Xiphonectes) tuberculosus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1861)
Neptunus tuberculosus A. Milne-Edwards, 1861: 333, pl. 31, fig. 5 [as “N. rugosus”] [type locality: Iles
“Sandwich;” holotype: MNHN-B6073].
Remarks. Described from the Hawaiian Is., possibly in error. No subsequent records are known from the
archipelago.
Taxonomy. Crosnier (1962), Apel & Spiridonov (1998)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Subtidal, 20–115 m.
Subfamily Thalamitinae Paul'son, 1875
Genus Charybdis De Haan, 1833
Subgenus Charybdis (Charybdis) De Haan, 1833
Charybdis (Charybdis) japonica (A. Milne-Edwards, 1861) was recorded from two specimens by Rathbun (1906:
872, as Charybdis japonica) but possibly as an error (see Edmondson 1954, Sakai 1976). It was nevertheless listed
by McLaughlin et al. (2005) as occurring in the Hawaiian Is. It has been introduced to Australia and New Zealand
(Ahyong & Wilkens 2011).
Charybdis (Charybdis) hawaiensis Edmondson, 1954
Charybdis hawaiensis Edmondson, 1954: 249, figs. 24, 25 [type localities: O‘ahu, Maui; syntypes: BPBM,
presumed lost].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Goniosoma orientale (Dana, 1852) — Lenz 1901: 457 [O‘ahu]. (not Charybdys (Charybdis) orientalis Dana, 1852)
Charybdis orientalis Dana, 1852 — Rathbun 1906: 872, fig. 32, pl. 13, fig. 1 [O‘ahu]. — Edmondson 1946: 281
[H.I.]. — Walsh 1967: 427 [O‘ahu]. — Titcomb et al. 1979: 363 [H.I.]. (not Charybdys (Charybdis)
orientalis Dana, 1852)
Charybdis hawaiiensis [sic] Edmondson, 1954 — Tinker 1965: 102, pl. 39 [H.I.]. — Fielding & Robinson 1987:
84, color photograph [H.I.].
Charybdis hawaiensis Edmondson, 1954 — Hoover 2006: 274, color photograph [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Neumann & Spiridonov (1999), Vannini & Innocenti (2000)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to 10 m.
(I) Charybdis (Charybdis) hellerii A. Milne-Edwards, 1867
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Goniosoma hellerii A. Milne-Edwards, 1867: 282 [type locality: New Caledonia; lectotype: MNHN-B761 S (see
Apel & Spiridonov 1998)].
Hawaiian Is. record:
Charybdis hellerii A. Milne-Edwards, 1867 — Edmondson 1954: 247, fig. 23 [O‘ahu].
Remarks. One specimen was recorded as introduced but there is no evidence that it became established in the
Hawaiian Is. (Edmondson 1954; Carlton & Eldredge 2009).
Taxonomy. Crosnier (1962), Apel & Spiridonov (1998), Vannini & Innocenti (2000)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region. Introduced to the Mediterranean Sea and tropical
western Atlantic (Brockerhoff & McLay 2011).
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal to 47 m.
Subgenus Charybdis (Goniosupradens) Leene, 1938
Charybdis (Goniosupradens) erythrodactyla (Lamarck, 1818)
Portunus erythrodactylus Lamarck, 1818: 259 [type locality: mers australes; type material presumed lost].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Thalamita pulchra Randall, 1840: 117, pl. 4 [type locality: “Sandwich Islands;” syntypes: ANSP CA3202].
Thalamita pulchra Randall, 1840 — Dana 1852b: 1577 [H.I.].
Goniosoma erythrodactylum (Lamarck, 1818) — Lenz 1901: 456 [O‘ahu].
Charybdis erythrodactyla (Lamarck, 1818) — Rathbun 1906: 872, pl. 4 [color] [Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i]. — Pesta
1933: 280 [H.I.]. — Edmondson 1925: 37 [O‘ahu]; 1946: 281, fig. 173d [H.I.]; 1954: 245, figs. 21a, 22a–
c [O‘ahu]. — Tinker 1965: 104, pl. 40 [H.I.]. — Titcomb et al. 1979: 363, 369, fig. 28B [H.I.]. — Hoover
2006: 273, color photograph [O‘ahu].
Goniosupradens erythrodactyla (Lamarck, 1818) — McLaughlin et al. 2005: 545, fig. 4 [color] [H.I.].
Taxonomy. Leene (1938), Crosnier (1962)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to 5 m.
Genus Gonioinfradens Leene, 1938
Gonioinfradens paucidentata (A. Milne-Edwards, 1861)
Goniosoma paucidentatum A. Milne-Edwards, 1861: 381, pl. 35, fig. 3 [type locality: Mauritius; holotype:
MNHN-B780 S].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Charybdis (Gonioinfradens) paucidentata (A. Milne-Edwards, 1861) — Davie 1998: 63 [Maui].
Charybdis paucidentata (A. Milne-Edwards, 1861) — Hoover 2006: 274, color photograph [Hawai‘i].
Taxonomy. Apel & Spiridonov (1998)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to 100 m.
Genus Thalamita Latreille, 1829
Thalamita admete (Herbst, 1803)
Cancer admete Herbst, 1803: 40, pl. 57, fig. 1 [type locality: Ostindien; type material presumed lost (see K. Sakai
1999)].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Thalamita admete (Herbst, 1803) — Dana 1852b: 281, pl. 17, fig. 5 [“Sandwich Is.”]. — Streets 1877: 106 [H.I.].
— Rathbun 1906: 874 [Kaua‘i, Laysan] — Edmondson 1923b: 1550 [Rathbun’s records]; 1946: 283
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[H.I.]; 1954: 255, figs. 30, 31 [Laysan] — Stephenson & Rees 1967: 58, 113, fig. 20 [O‘ahu]. —
Stephenson 1972: 141 [O‘ahu]. — Amerson & Shelton 1976: 75 [Johnston Atoll]. — Apel & Spriridonov
1998: 228, figs. 42, 47 [O‘ahu, Hawai‘i]. — DeFelice et al. 1998: 16 [Midway Is.].
Thalamita edwardsi Borradaile, 1900 — Rathbun 1906: 873 [Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i]. — Edmondson 1923b:
1552 [Kure Atoll]; 1925: 37 [H.I., Pearl and Hermes Reef, Lisianski, Johnston Atoll]; 1946: 283, fig. 174a
[H.I.]; 1954: 254, figs. 28b, 29 [H.I.]. — Pesta 1933: 280 [H.I.]. — Banner 1968: 25 [O‘ahu]. — Coles,
DeFelice & Eldredge 1999: 158 [O‘ahu]; 2002a: 268, 333 [O‘ahu]; 2002b: 135, 223 [O‘ahu]. — Coles et
al. 2001: 52 [Johnston Atoll]. — Coles, Reath, Longenecker, Bolick & Eldredge 2004: 141 [Hawai‘i].
Remarks. The species appears to represent a complex of several species (Apel & Spiridonov 1998; Mantelatto et
al. 2009; also see Rathbun 1906). Thalamita admete var. edwardsi Borradaile, 1900, is treated here as a junior
synonym (see Wee & Ng 1995; Ng et al. 2008) pending a revision of the species group.
Taxonomy. Crosnier (1962), Wee & Ng (1995), Vannini & Innocenti (2000)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to 120 m.
Thalamita anomala Stephenson & Hudson, 1957
Goniosoma danae A. Milne-Edwards, 1869a: 153, pl. 7, figs. 6, 7 [type locality: Upolu (Samoa); type material:
status and location unknown].
Hawaiian Is. record:
Thalamita anomala Stephenson & Hudson, 1957 — Stephenson 1972: 144 [O‘ahu].
Remarks. Stephenson & Hudson (1957: 361) gave a new epithet to Milne-Edwards’ species because the original
name was preoccupied.
Taxonomy. A. Milne-Edwards (1869a), Stephenson & Hudson (1957)
Geographical distribution. Western Pacific Ocean, Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Subtidal, 20–80 m.
Thalamita auauensis Rathbun, 1906
Thalamita auauensis Rathbun, 1906: 874, pl. 12, fig. 1 [type locality: Au‘au Channel east of L na‘i, also from
Kaua‘i, Moloka‘i, Hawai‘i, “Modu Manu” (=Moku Manu, or Nihoa); type material: USNM 29602].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Thalamita auauensis Rathbun, 1906 — Edmondson 1951: 222, fig. 24b [Kaua‘i, O‘ahu]; 1954: 257, fig. 32
[O‘ahu]. — Stephenson 1972: 144 [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Stephenson & Rees (1967), Komatsu (2011)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Subtidal to bathyal, to 333 m.
Thalamita coeruleipes Hombron & Jacquinot, 1846
Thalamita coeruleipes Hombron & Jacquinot, 1846: pl. 5, figs. 6 [color]–10 [type locality: Gambier Is. (Tuamotu
Archipelago, French Polynesia); syntypes: MNHN-B1098, 1099, 2000].
Hawaiian Is. record:
Thalamita coeruleipes Hombron & Jacquinot, 1846 — Rathbun 1906: 873 [O‘ahu]. —Edmondson 1946: 283
[Rathbun’s record]; 1954: 265 [Rathbun’s record].
Remarks. Recorded once from the Hawaiian Is. (Rathbun 1906) but no subsequent records are known from the
archipelago.
Taxonomy. Crosnier (1962)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal to 30 m.
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Thalamita crenata Rüppell, 1830
Talamita [sic] crenata Rüppell, 1830: 6, pl. 1, fig. 2, pl. 6, fig. 2 [“Thalamita” in plate captions] [type locality: Red
Sea; lectotype: SMF 5611].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Thalamita crenata Rüppell, 1830 — Edmondson 1954: 267, figs. 39b, 40 [O‘ahu]. —Tinker 1965: 106, pl. 41
[H.I.]. — Van Weel & Correa 1967: 175 [O‘ahu]. —Kamemoto & Kato 1969: 232 [O‘ahu]. — Hazlett
1971b: 308, pl. 1, fig. 3 [O‘ahu]. — Maciolek & Timbol 1981: 718 [O‘ahu]. — Coles et al. 1997: C–77
[O‘ahu]. — Schubart & Reuschel 2009: 536 [O‘ahu]. — Mantelatto et al. 2009: 571 [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Crosnier (1962), Apel & Spiridonov (1998), Vannini & Innocenti (2000)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal to 10 m.
Thalamita dakini Montgomery, 1931
Thalamita dakini Montgomery, 1931: 432, pl. 24, fig. 3, pl. 28, fig. 4 [type locality: Western Australia; holotype:
NHM 1931.7.24.48].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Thalamita medipacifica Edmondson, 1954: 260, figs. 34, 35a [type locality: O‘ahu, also from Maui; holotype:
BPBM S5074].
Thalamita dakini Montgomery, 1931 — Stephenson & Rees 1967: 69, fig. 24 [O‘ahu]. — Stephenson 1972: 145
[O‘ahu]; 1976: 20 [O‘ahu]. — Coles, Reath, Longenecker, Bolick & Eldredge 2004: 141 [Hawai‘i]. —
Godwin & Bolick 2006: 39, 49, 49 [Moloka‘i]. — Coles et al. 2009: 64,73, 78 [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Crosnier (2002a)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal.
Thalamita gloriensis Crosnier, 1962
Thalamita gloriensis Crosnier, 1962: 98, figs. 155, 156 bis d, 159, 160, 165–167, 169 [type locality: îles Glorieuses
(western Indian Ocean); holotype: MNHN-B6204].
Hawaiian Is. record:
Thalamita gloriensis Crosnier, 1962 — Stephenson & Rees 1967: 76 [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Crosnier (1962), Stephenson & Rees (1967), Vannini & Innocenti (2000)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal.
Thalamita gracilipes (A. Milne-Edwards, 1873)
Thalamonyx gracilipes A. Milne-Edwards, 1873b: 169, pl. 4, figs. 3, 3a–d [type locality: New Caledonia; type
material: MNHN-B3925].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Thalamonyx gracilipes A. Milne-Edwards, 1873 — Rathbun 1906: 873 [Moloka‘i, Au‘au Channel east of L na‘i].
— Edmondson 1946: 283 [Rathbun’s specimen]; 1954: 251, fig. 26 [Rathbun’s specimen].
Remarks. Recorded once from the Hawaiian Is. (Rathbun 1906) but no subsequent records are known from the
archipelago.
Taxonomy. Crosnier (1962, as Thalamonyx gracilipes), Ng et al. (2008)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Subtidal, 12–78 m.
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Thalamita integra integra Dana, 1852
Thalamita integra Dana, 1852a: 85 [type localities: insulas Paumotenses (=Tuamotu Archipelago, French
Polynesia) et Hawaiienses; syntypes: NHM 61.44].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Thalamita integra Dana, 1852 — Dana 1852b: 281, pl. 17, fig. 6 [“Sandwich Is.”]. — Streets 1877: 107 [H.I.]. —
Miers 1886: 195 [O‘ahu]. — Alcock 1899a: 85 [O‘ahu]. — Lenz 1901: 457 [O‘ahu]. — Rathbun 1906:
873 [O‘ahu, Hawai‘i. — Edmondson 1946: 283 [O‘ahu]; 1954: 253, figs. 27, 28a [O‘ahu, H.I.]. —
Stephenson & Rees 1967: 79 [O‘ahu]. — Coles et al. 1997: 43, 44, C–77 [O‘ahu]. — DeFelice et al. 1998:
16 [Midway Is.]. — Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 1999: 158 [O‘ahu]; 2002a: 268, 333 [O‘ahu]; 2002b: 223
[O‘ahu]. — Coles, DeFelice & Godwin 1999: 18, 22 [O‘ahu]. — Coles, Reath, Longenecker, Bolick &
Eldredge 2004: 141 [Kaua‘i, Maui, Hawai‘i]. — Coles et al. 2009: 64 [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Crosnier (1962), Stephenson & Hudson (1957), Vannini & Innocenti (2000)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal to 8 m.
(*) Thalamita kukenthali De Man, 1902
Thalamita kukenthali De Man, 1902: 650 [type locality: Indonesia; type material: status and location unknown].
Hawaiian Is. record:
Thalamita kukenthali De Man, 1902 — Rathbun 1906: 875 [‘Alenuih h Channel east of Maui] — Edmondson
1954: p 265, fig. 37c, d [Rathbun’s material].
Thalamita kuekenthali [sic] sensu Rathbun — Stephenson 1976: 22 [Rathbun’s material].
Remarks. Recorded once from the Hawaiian Is. (Rathbun 1906) by a single specimen but no subsequent records
are known from the archipelago. The identity of Rathbun’s single specimen remains questionable (Stephenson
1976).
Taxonomy. Stephenson (1976)
Geographical distribution. Indonesia, Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Subtidal to bathyal, 89–320 m.
Thalamita multispinosa Stephenson & Rees, 1967
Thalamita multispinosa Stephenson & Rees, 1967: 80, pl. 7B [type locality: O‘ahu; holotype: USNM 112206].
Additional reference on Hawaiian Is. material:
Thalamita multispinosa Stephenson & Rees, 1967 — Crosnier 2002a: 430, fig. 18 [holotype].
Taxonomy. Crosnier (2002a)
Geographical distribution. Hawaiian Is., French Polynesia
Habitat. Subtidal to 130 m.
Thalamita picta Stimpson, 1858
Thalamita picta Stimpson, 1858a: 39 [type locality: Japan; type material presumed lost].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Thalamita picta Stimpson, 1858 — Rathbun 1906: 873 [O‘ahu]. — Edmondson 1925: 38 [Pearl and Hermes Reef,
Necker]; 1946: 283 [H.I.]; 1954: 263, figs. 35b, 36e–h [H.I.]. — Pesta 1933: 280 [H.I.]. — Stephenson &
Rees 1967: 86 (part) [Hawai‘i]. — Stephenson 1972: 150 [O‘ahu, Moloka‘i]. — DeFelice et al. 2002: 30,
71 [French Frigate Shoals].
Thalamita alcocki De Man, 1902 — Rathbun 1906: 875 [“Modu Manu” (=Moku Manu, or Nihoa)]. — Edmondson
1954: 264, fig. 37a, b [Rathbun’s material]. — Stephenson 1976: 19 [Rathbun’s material].
Taxonomy. Crosnier (1962), Stephenson (1976), Vannini & Innocenti (2000)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region; Clipperton I. (Tropical Eastern Pacific region).
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal to 150 m.
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Thalamita seurati Nobili, 1906
Thalamita seurati Nobili, 1906: 262 [type locality: Tuamotu Archipelago (French Polynesia); holotype: MNHN-
B6269].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Thalamita wakensis Edmondson 1925 — Edmondson 1954: 262, fig. 36a–d [O‘ahu]. — Stephenson 1976: 25
[O‘ahu].
Thalamita picta Stimpson, 1858 — Stephenson & Rees 1967: 86 (part) [O‘ahu]. (not Thalamita picta Stimpson,
1858)
Taxonomy. Crosnier (2002a)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal.
Thalamita sexlobata Miers, 1886
Thalamita sexlobata Miers, 1886: 196, pl. 16, fig. 2 [type locality: Tonga; type material: NHM 1884.31].
Hawaiian Is. record:
Thalamita sexlobata Miers, 1886 — Stephenson 1972: 151 [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Crosnier (1962), Apel & Spiridonov (1998)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Subtidal, 5–146 m.
Thalamita sima H. Milne Edwards, 1834
Thalamita sima H. Milne Edwards, 1834: 460 [type locality: southern India; type material: status and location
unknown].
Hawaiian Is. record:
Thalamita sima H. Milne Edwards, 1834 — Cano 1889b: 216 [O‘ahu]. — Rathbun 1906: 873 [Cano’s record]. —
Edmondson 1923b: 1550 [Cano’s record]; 1946: 283 [Cano’s record]; 1954: 258, fig. 32 [Cano’s record].
Remarks. Recorded once from the Hawaiian Is. (Cano 1889b) but no subsequent records are known from the
archipelago.
Taxonomy. Crosnier (1962), Apel & Spiridonov (1998)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal to 50 m.
Thalamita spiceri Edmondson, 1954
Thalamita spiceri Edmondson, 1954: 258, fig. 33 [type locality: Midway Is., also from O‘ahu; holotype: BPBM
S5032].
Hawaiian Is. record:
? Thalamita spiceri Edmondson, 1954 — Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 1999: 158 [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Edmondson (1954)
Geographical distribution. Only known from the Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to 36 m.
Thalamita spinifera Borradaile, 1902
Thalamita exetastica var. spinifera Borradaile, 1902a: 203 [type locality: Maldives; syntypes: UMZC].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Thalamita spinifera Borradaile, 1902 — Rathbun 1906: 874 [Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, Moloka‘i, Au‘au Channel east of
Lna‘i, Hawai‘i] — Edmondson 1951: 221, fig. 24a [Kaua‘i, O‘ahu]; 1954: 269, figs. 41, 42a [Kaua‘i,
O‘ahu]. — Stephenson 1972: 151 [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Crosnier (1962), Komatsu (2011)
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Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to bathyal, 20–433 m.
Thalamita stephensoni Crosnier, 1962
Thalamita stephensoni Crosnier, 1962: 140, figs. 241–248 [type locality: Madagascar; holotype: MNHN-B6295].
Hawaiian Is. record:
Thalamita stephensoni Crosnier, 1962 — Stephenson 1972: 152 [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Crosnier (1962), Vannini & Innocenti (2000)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Intertidal
Genus Thalamitoides A. Milne-Edwards, 1869
Thalamitodes tridens tridens A. Milne-Edwards, 1869 was listed as occurring in the Hawaiian Is. by McLaughlin et
al. (20005) although no published, reliable records are known.
Thalamitoides quadridens A. Milne-Edwards, 1869
Thalamitoides quadridens A. Milne-Edwards, 1869a: 147, pl. 6, figs. 8–15 [type locality: Madagascar; possible
holotype: MNHN-B2082].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Thalamitoides quadridens A. Milne-Edwards, 1869 — Edmondson 1925: 40 [Johnston Atoll]; 1954: 270, figs.
42b, 43a–c [O‘ahu, Pearl and Hermes Reef]. — Stephenson & Rees 1967: 101, fig. 37 [O‘ahu]. —
Stephenson 1972: 153 [O‘ahu]. — Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 2002b: 135 [O‘ahu].
Thalamitoides quidridens [sic] A. Milne-Edwards, 1869 — Amerson & Shelton 1976: 75 [Johnston Atoll].
Taxonomy. Crosnier (1962), Vannini & Innocenti (2000)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to 25 m.
SUPERFAMILY PSEUDOZIOIDEA Alcock, 1898
Family Pseudoziidae Alcock, 1898
Genus Pseudozius Dana, 1851
Pseudozius caystrus (Adams & White, 1849)
Panopeus caystrus Adams & White, 1849: 42, pl. 9, figs. 2, 2a [type locality: “Eastern Seas;” lectotype: NHM
1847.21].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Pseudozius caystrus (Adams & White, 1849) — Rathbun 1906: 861 [H.I.]. — Edmondson 1946: 298, fig. 179e
[H.I.]; 1962a: 217, 218, 283, fig. 25b [H.I.]. — Titcomb et al. 1979: 364 [H.I.]. — Coles et al. 1998: 15, 20
[Kaho‘olawe] — Godwin & Bolick 2006: 39, 49 [Moloka‘i].
Taxonomy. Ng & Wang (1994)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Intertidal
Pseudozius inornatus Dana, 1852
Pseudozius inornatus Dana, 1852a: 81 [type locality: insulas Hawaienses; type material presumed lost].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Pseudozius inornatus Dana, 1852 — Dana 1852b: 234, 1577, pl. 13, fig. 7 [“Sandwich Is.”] — Rathbun 1906: 861,
pl. 11, fig. 1 [Hawai‘i]. — Edmondson 1946: 298 [H.I.]; 1962a: 284 [H.I.].
Taxonomy. Guinot (1968b)
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Geographical distribution. Western Pacific Ocean, Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal.
SUPERFAMILY TRAPEZIOIDEA Miers, 1886
Family Domeciidae Ortmann, 1893
Genus Domecia Eydoux & Souleyet, 1842
Domecia glabra Alcock, 1899
Domecia glabra Alcock, 1899b: 117 [type locality: Andaman Is.; type material: IM ?].
Johnston Atoll record:
Domecia glabra Alcock, 1899 — Coles et al. 2001: 52 [Johnston Atoll].
Remarks. Known, although rarely, on Kaua'i (G. Paulay, personal communication) and on Johnston Atoll.
Taxonomy. Guinot (1976), Castro et al. (2004)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific and Tropical Eastern Pacific regions.
Habitat. Facultative symbiont of reef corals (mostly Acropora). Shallow subtidal to 75 m.
Domecia hispida Eydoux & Souleyet, 1842
Domecia hispida Eydoux & Souleyet, 1842: 235, pl. 2, figs. 5[color]–10 [type locality: îles “Sandwich;” holotype:
MNHN-B7601].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Domecia hispida Eydoux & Souleyet, 1842 — Rathbun 1906: 866 [Kaua‘i, Penguin Bank east of Moloka‘i,
Laysan]. — Edmondson 1923b: 1552 [Kure Atoll]; 1925: 40 [Kure Atoll, Pearl and Hermes Reef,
Lisianski, Laysan, French Frigate Shoals, Johnston Atoll]; 1946: 301, fig. 181a [H.I.]; 1962a: 217, 218,
302, fig. 31f [H.I.]. — Pesta 1933: 281 [H.I.]. — Forest & Guinot 1961: 126, figs. 117–119, 124bis, pl. 18,
fig. 1 [H.I.. type material]. — Guinot 1964b: 269, figs. 2, 3, 9, 13 [O‘ahu, Pearl and Hermes Reef, Laysan,
type material]. — Barry 1965: 23 [O‘ahu]. — Brock et al. 1965: 14 [Johnston Atoll]. — Amerson &
Shelton 1976: 75 [Johnston Atoll]. — Titgen 1987: p 108 [Hawai‘i]. — Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 1999:
159 [O‘ahu]; 2002a: 269, 333 [O‘ahu]; 2002b: 136, 224 [O‘ahu]. — Coles, Reath, Longenecker, Bolick &
Eldredge 2004: 142 [Kaua‘i, Hawai‘i]. — Godwin & Bolick 2006: 39, 49, 49 [Moloka‘i]. — Coles et al.
2008: 62 [Moloka‘i]. — Coles & Swenson 2010: 87 [Moloka‘i].
Domaecia [sic] hispida Eydoux & Souleyet, 1842 — Lenz 1901: 465 [Laysan].
Taxonomy. Guinot (1976), Castro et al. (2004)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific and Tropical Eastern Pacific regions.
Habitat. Facultative symbiont of scleractinian reef corals (particularly species of Pocillopora); shallow subtidal to
75 m.
Genus Jonesius Sankarankutty, 1962
Jonesius triunguiculatus (Borradaile, 1902)
Pseudozius triunguiculatus Borradaile, 1902b: 242, 243, fig. 44 [type locality: Laccadive (=Lakshadweep) Is.; type
material: UMZC].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Pseudozius triunguiculatus Borradaile, 1902 — Rathbun 1906: 861 [Moloka‘i].
Pseudozius trianguiculatus [sic] Borradaile, 1902 — Edmondson 1962a: 284, figs. 24b, c, 25c [O‘ahu, Pearl and
Hermes Reef]. — Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 1999: 160 [O‘ahu].
Maldivia triunguiculata (Borradaile, 1902) — Coles 1982: 203, figs. 1, 2 [O‘ahu]; 1986: 310, 315 [H.I.].
Jonesius triunguiculatus (Borradaile, 1902) — Castro 1999: 32 [O‘ahu]. — Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 2002a:
269, 333 [O‘ahu]; 2002b: 136 [O‘ahu]. — DeFelice et al. 2002: 30, 71 [French Frigate Shoals].
Taxonomy. Galil & Takeda (1986), Castro et al. (2004)
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Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific and Tropical Eastern Pacific regions.
Habitat. Symbiont of scleractinian reef corals (cavities in Porites lobata Dana, 1846, in the Hawaiian Is.); shallow
subtidal to 15 m.
Family Tetraliidae Castro, Ng & Ahyong, 2004
Genus Tetralia Dana, 1851
Tetralia ocucaerulea Trautwein, 2007
Tetralia ocucaerulea Trautwein, 2007: 12, pl. 1, figs. A, D, pl. 5, figs. A–H, pl. 6, fig. D, pl. 7, fig. D, pl. 8, fig. D
[type locality: Guam, also from French Frigate Shoals; holotype: LACM CR 2002-041.7; allotype: LACM
CR 2002-041.7; paratypes: LACM CR 2002-040.13–15].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Tetraloides vanninii (Galil & Clark, 1988) — Coles et al. 2001: 53 [Johnston Atoll]. (not Tetralia vanninii Galil &
Clark, 1988)
Tetralia muta (Linnaeus, 1758) — Castro & Godwin 2006: 54 [French Frigate Shoals]. (not Cancer mutus
Linnaeus, 1758)
Taxonomy. Trautwein (2007)
Geographical distribution. Tropical Pacific Ocean, including the Northwest Hawaiian Is. and Johnston Atoll, but
absent in the main Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Symbiont of scleractinian reef corals (species of Acropora); shallow subtidal.
Genus Tetraloides Galil, 1986
(J) Tetraloides heterodactyla (Heller, 1861)
Tetralia heterodactyla Heller, 1861: 14 [type locality: Red Sea; lectotype and paralectotype: NHMW 11a].
Johnston Atoll record:
Tetraloides heterodactyla (Heller, 1861) — Coles et al. 2001: 53 [Johnston Atoll].
Taxonomy. Galil (1986), Castro et al. (2004)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region. Known from Johnston Atoll, not from the Hawaiian
Is.
Habitat. Symbiont of scleractinian reef corals (species of Acropora); shallow subtidal.
(J) Tetraloides nigrifrons (Dana, 1852)
Tetralia nigrifrons Dana, 1852a: 83 [type locality: insulam Honden (=Pukapuka, Society Is., French Polynesia);
type material presumed lost].
Johnston Atoll records:
Tetralia glaberrima (Herbst, 1790) — Edmondson 1925: 40 [Johnston Atoll]. (not Cancer glaberrimus Herbst,
1790)
Tetraloides nigrifrons (Dana, 1852) — Coles et al. 2001: 53 [Johnston Atoll].
Taxonomy. Galil (1986), Castro et al. (2004)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region. Known from Johnston Atoll, not from the Hawaiian
Is.
Habitat. Symbiont of scleractinian reef corals (species of Acropora); shallow subtidal to 20 m.
Family Trapeziidae Miers, 1886
Subfamily Trapeziinae Miers, 1886
Genus Trapezia Latreille, 1828
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Trapezia cymodoce (Herbst, 1801), listed from the Hawaiian Is. by some (e.g. Rathbun 1906; Edmondson 1962b;
Sakai 1976; Serène 1984; Dai & Yang 1991) has never been collected from the archipelago (see Galil & Clark
1990; Castro 1997a). The presence of Trapezia guttata Rüppell, 1830, from Johnston Atoll, mentioned by Castro
(2000a), has not been confirmed.
Trapezia bidentata (Forskål, 1775)
Cancer bidentatus Forskål, 1775: 90 [type locality: Red Sea; neotype: MNHN-B27680].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Trapezium cymodoce (Herbst, 1801) — Randall 1840: 117 [“Sandwich Is.”]. (not Cancer cymodoce Herbst, 1801)
Trapezia cymodoce (Herbst, 1801) — Dana 1852b: 257, pl. 15, fig. 5a [color]–i [“Sandwich Is.”]. — Cano 1889b:
211 [O‘ahu]. — Edmondson 1946: 301 [H.I. ?]; 1962a: 297 [H.I. ?]. — Barry 1965: 23 [O‘ahu]. — Brock
et al. 1965: 14 [Johnston Atoll]. — Titgen 1987: 109 [H.I.]. (not Cancer cymodoce Herbst, 1801)
Trapezia ferrugginea [sic] (Latreille, 1828) — Cano 1889a: 102 [H.I.].
Grapsillus ferrugineus (Latreille, 1828) — Rathbun 1906: 865 [H.I.].
? Grapsillus cymodoce (Herbst, 1801) — Rathbun 1906: 865, pl. 11, fig. 6 [ZMB holotype of Cancer cymodoce
Herbst, 1801, now lost (see K. Sakai 1999)] [H.I. ?]. (not Cancer cymodoce Herbst, 1801)
? Trapezia cymodoce var. — Pesta 1933: 280 [H.I.]. (not Cancer cymodoce Herbst, 1801)
Trapezia cymodoce ferruginea (Latreille, 1828) — Edmondson 1925: 41 [H.I., Johnston Atoll]; 1962a: 217, 218,
298 [H.I.].
Trapezia ferruginea (Latreille, 1828) — Preston 1973: 470, fig. 1–3 [H.I.]. — Amerson & Shelton 1976: 76
[Johnston Atoll]. — Huber 1985a: 79 [O‘ahu]; 1985b: 24 [O‘ahu]. — Coles 1986: 309, 311 [H.I.]. —
Huber & Coles 1986: 23 [O‘ahu]. — Castro 1998: 73 [H.I.]. — Coles et al. 2001: 53 [Johnston Atoll]. —
Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 2002b: 136, 224 [O‘ahu]. — DeFelice et al. 2002: 30, 72 [French Frigate
Shoals]. — Coles, Eldredge, Kandel, Reath & Longenecker 2004: 65 [Maui, Hawai‘i].
Trapezia bidentata (Forskål, 1775) — Hoover 2006: 284, color photograph [O‘ahu]. — Coles et al. 2008: 48, 63
[Moloka‘i, L na‘i]. — Coles & Swenson 2010: 75, 88 [Kaula Rock, Ni‘ihau, Moloka‘i].
Remarks. Some of the records of T. cymodoce from the Hawaiian Is. clearly belong to T. bidentata. Others,
however, are questionable because the specimens were not available for proper identification.
Taxonomy. Serène (1984, as Trapezia ferruginea), Castro (1997a, 1998, as T. ferruginea), Castro et al. (2004)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific and Tropical Eastern Pacific regions.
Habitat. Symbiont of scleractinian reef corals (Pocillopora and other pocilloporids); shallow subtidal to 55 m.
Trapezia digitalis Latreille, 1828
Trapezia digitalis Latreille, 1828: 696 [type locality: Red Sea; neotype: MNHN-B13927].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Grapsillus digitalis (Latreille, 1828) — Rathbun 1906: 866 [O‘ahu].
Trapezia digitalis Latreille, 1828 — Edmondson 1925: 41 [Laysan, Johnston Atoll]; 1946: 301 [H.I.]; 1962a: 217,
302, fig. 31e [H.I.]. — Barry 1965: 23 [O‘ahu]. — Brock et al. 1965: 14 [Johnston Atoll]. — Preston
1973: 470, fig. 1–4 [H.I.]. — Amerson & Shelton 1976: 76 [Johnston Atoll]. — Huber 1985b: 24 [O‘ahu];
1985c: 21 [O‘ahu]; 1987a: 239 [O‘ahu]; 1987b: 509 [O‘ahu]. — Coles 1986: 309, 311 [H.I.]. — Huber &
Coles 1986: 23 [O‘ahu]. — Castro 1998: 73 [H.I.]. — Coles et al. 2001: 53 [Johnston Atoll]. — Coles,
Eldredge, Kandel, Reath & Logenecker 2004: 64 [Hawai‘i]. — Hoover 2006: 283, color photograph
[O‘ahu]. — Coles et al. 2008: 63 [Moloka‘i]. — Coles & Swenson 2010: 88 [Moloka‘i].
Taxonomy. Serène (1984), Castro (1997a, 1998), Castro et al. (2004)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific and Tropical Eastern Pacific regions.
Habitat. Symbiont of scleractinian reef corals (Pocillopora and other pocilloporids); shallow subtidal to 52 m.
Trapezia flavopunctata Eydoux & Souleyet, 1842
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Trapezia flavo-punctata Eydoux & Souleyet, 1842: 230, pl. 2, fig. 3 [color]. [type locality: îles “Sandwich;”
holotype: MNHN-B2968].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Trapezia latifrons A. Milne-Edwards, 1867: 281 [type locality: îles “Sandwich;” syntypes: MNHN-B2954, 2955].
Trapezia latifrons A. Milne-Edwards, 1867 — Lenz 1901: 467 [Laysan].
Grapsillus rufopunctatus flavopunctatus Eydoux & Souleyet, 1842 — Rathbun 1906: 866 [earlier H.I. records].
Trapezia rufopunctata (Herbst, 1799) — Edmondson 1925: 41 [Kure Atoll, Pearl and Hermes Reef, Lisianski,
Laysan, Johnston Atoll]; 1946: 301 [H.I.]; 1962a: 300 (part) [H.I.]. (not Cancer rufopunctatus Herbst,
1899)
Trapezia flavopunctata Eydoux & Souleyet, 1842 — Edmondson 1946: 301 [earlier H.I. records]; 1962a: 300, figs.
31d, 32a [Pearl and Hermes Reef]. — Barry 1965: 23 [O‘ahu]. — Galil & Lewinsohn 1984: 170
[holotype]; 1985: 210 [O‘ahu, Pearl and Hermes Reef]. — Serène 1984: 275, 276, fig. 183, pl. 42, fig. A
[holotype]. — Castro 1997b: 121 [holotype]; 1998: 73 [H.I., Kure Atoll, Pearl and Hermes Reef]. —
Coles, Eldredge, Kandel, Reath & Longenecker 2004: 65 [Moloka‘i, Maui, Hawai‘i]. — Hoover 2006:
284, color photograph [O‘ahu].
Trapezia flavomaculata [sic] Eydoux & Souleyet, 1842 — Preston 1973: 470, fig. 1–5 [H.I.]. — Huber 1985b: 24
[O‘ahu]. — Coles 1986: 309, 311 [H.I.]. —Huber & Coles 1986: 23 [O‘ahu]. — Coles & Swenson 2010:
75 [Kaula Rock, Ni‘ihau, Moloka‘i, L na‘i, Molokini].
Remarks. Edmondson (1962a) confused T. flavopunctata with T. rufopunctata (Herbst, 1799), which is evident
from BPBM specimens identified by him (see Castro 1998).
Taxonomy. Serène (1984), Galil & Lewinsohn (1985), Castro (1998), Castro et al. (2004)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Symbiont of scleractinian reef corals (Pocillopora and other pocilloporids); shallow subtidal to 26 m.
Trapezia intermedia Miers, 1886
Trapezia rufopunctata var. intermedia Miers, 1886: 168, pl. 12, fig. 2 [type locality: O‘ahu; holotype: NHM
84.31].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Trapezia maculata (MacLeay, 1838) — Streets 1877: 106 [H.I.]. [not Grapsillus maculatus Macleay, 1838 = T.
rufopunctata (Herbst, 1799)]
Trapezia ferruginea var. intermedia Miers, 1886 — Alcock 1898: 220 [O‘ahu].
Grapsillus ferrugineus intermedius Miers, 1886 — Rathbun 1906: 865 [O‘ahu, Penguin Bank east of Moloka‘i,
Moloka‘i, Hawai‘i, Laysan, French Frigate Shoals, “Modu Manu” (=Moku Manu, or Nihoa)].
Trapezia cymodoce intermedia Miers, 1886 — Edmondson 1923b: 1552 [Kure Atoll]; 1925: 41 [Kure Atoll, Pearl
and Hermes Reef, Laysan, French Frigate Shoals, Johnston Atoll]; 1946: 301, fig. 180e [H.I.]; 1962a: 298,
fig. 31a [H.I.].
Trapezia intermedia Miers, 1886 — Pesta 1933: 280 [H.I.]. — Barry 1965: 23 [O‘ahu]. — Preston 1973: 470, fig.
1–1 [H.I.]. — Castro 1978a: 244 [O‘ahu]; 1998: 74 (part) [H.I., Kure Atoll, Midway Is., Pearl and Hermes
Reef, Lisianski, Laysan, French Frigate Shoals]. — Odinetz 1984: 445 [holotype]. — Serène 1984: 275,
pl. 39, fig. F [H.I.]. — Huber 1985b: 24 [O‘ahu]; 1985c: 21 [O‘ahu]; 1987a: 239 [O‘ahu]. — Coles 1986:
309, 311 [H.I.]. — Huber & Coles 1986: 23 [O‘ahu]. — Titgen 1987: 109 [O‘ahu]. — Coles et al. 1997:
C–80 [O‘ahu]. — Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 1999: 160 [O‘ahu]; 2002a: 269, 333 [O‘ahu]. — Coles,
Eldredge, Kandel, Reath & Longenecker 2004: 65 [Maui, Hawai‘i]. — Godwin & Bolick 2006: 39, 49
[Moloka‘i]. — Hoover 2006: 284, color photograph [O‘ahu].
Trapezia neglecta Castro, 2003: 446, figs. 2–4 [type locality: Guam, also from Johnston Atoll; holotype: SMF
26290].
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Remarks. Molecular characterization (C.S. McKeon, personal communication) and examination of additional
fresh material and color photographs has confirmed that T. neglecta Castro, 2003, described from the western
Pacific Ocean and Johnston Atoll, is a junior synonym of T. intermedia Miers, 1886.
Taxonomy. Serène (1984), Galil & Lewinsohn (1985), Castro (1998, 2003), Castro et al. (2004)
Geographical distribution. Western Pacific Ocean, Hawaiian Is., Johnston Atoll.
Habitat. Symbiont of scleractinian reef corals (Pocillopora and other pocilloporids); shallow subtidal to 55 m.
Trapezia rufopunctata (Herbst, 1799)
Cancer rufopunctatus Herbst, 1799: 54, pl. 47, fig. 6 [color] [type locality: unknown; holotype: ZMB Herbst
2260].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Trapezia acutifrons A. Milne-Edwards, 1867: 281 [type locality: îles “Sandwich;” syntypes: MNHN-B2913].
Trapezia rufopunctata (Herbst, 1799) — Miers 1886: 167 [O‘ahu]. — Cano 1889b: 211 [O‘ahu]. — Pesta 1933:
281 [H.I.]. — Edmondson 1923b: 1552 [Kure Atoll]; 1962a: 300, fig. 31c (part) [H.I.]. — Castro 1998: 74
[O‘ahu, Midway Is.]. — Castro et al. 2004: 53 [syntypes of T. acutifrons].
Grapsillus rufopunctatus (Herbst, 1799) — Rathbun 1906: 866, pl. 11, fig. 5 [O‘ahu].
Remarks. Edmondson (1962a) confused T. rufopunctata with T. flavopunctata (see Castro 1998).
Taxonomy. Serène (1984), Galil & Lewinsohn (1985), Castro (1998), Castro et al. (2004)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Symbiont of scleractinian reef corals (Pocillopora and other pocilloporids); shallow subtidal to 68 m.
(J) Trapezia speciosa Dana, 1852
Trapezia speciosa Dana, 1852a: 83 [type locality: “Carlshoff” (=Karatika) island, Tuamotu Archipelago (French
Polynesia); type material presumed lost].
Johnston Atoll records:
Trapezia speciosa Dana, 1852 — Amerson & Shelton 1976: 76 [Johnston Atoll]. — Coles et al. 2001: 53
[Johnston Atoll].
Remarks. Known from Johnston Atoll, not from the Hawaiian Is.
Taxonomy. Serène (1984), Castro (1997b), Castro et al. (2004)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Symbiont of scleractinian reef corals (Pocillopora and other pocilloporids); shallow subtidal.
Trapezia tigrina Eydoux & Souleyet, 1842
Trapezia tigrina Eydoux & Souleyet, 1842: 232, pl. 2, fig. 4 [color] [type locality: îles “Sandwich;” holotype:
MNHN-B2950].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Trapezia maculata (MacLeay, 1838) — Dana 1852b: 256, pl. 15, fig. 4 [color] [“Sandwich Is.”]. — Stimpson
1858a: 37 [insulam Hawaii]; 1907: 73 [Hawai‘i]. — Edmondson 1946: 301, fig. 180f [H.I.]. — Barry
1965: 23 [O‘ahu]. — Brock et al. 1965: 14 [Johnston Atoll]. — Amerson & Shelton 1976: 76 [Johnston
Atoll]. [not Grapsillus maculatus Macleay, 1838 = T. rufopunctata (Herbst, 1799)]
Grapsillus maculatus MacLeay, 1838 — Rathbun 1906: 865 [Kaua‘i, Penguin Bank east of Moloka‘i, Kaiwi
Channel east of O‘ahu, Moloka‘i, Laysan, French Frigate Shoals]. [not Grapsillus maculatus Macleay,
1838 = T. rufopunctata (Herbst, 1799)]
Trapezia ferruginea maculata (MacLeay, 1838) — Lenz 1933: 466 [Laysan]. [not Grapsillus maculatus Macleay,
1838 = T. rufopunctata (Herbst, 1799)]
Trapezia cymodoce maculata (MacLeay, 1838) — Edmondson 1962a: 217, 300, fig. 31b [H.I.]. [not Grapsillus
maculatus Macleay, 1838 = T. rufopunctata (Herbst, 1799)]
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Trapezia wardi Serène, 1971 — Preston 1973: 470, figs. 1, 2 [H.I.]. — Castro 1978a: 244 [O‘ahu]. — Huber
1985b: 24 [O‘ahu]. — Coles 1986: 309, 311 [H.I.]. — Huber & Coles 1986: 23 [O‘ahu]. — Coles et al.
1997: C–80 [O‘ahu].
Trapezia tigrina Eydoux & Souleyet, 1842 — Galil & Lewinsohn 1984: 166, fig. 1 [holotype, Kaua‘i, O‘ahu]. —
Serène 1984: 275, fig. 182, pl. 39, figs. C, D [holotype]. — Castro 1997b: 130 [holotype]; 1998: 74 [H.I.,
Midway Is., Pearl and Hermes Reef, Laysan, French Frigate Shoals]. — DeFelice et al. 1998: 16 [Midway
Is.]. — Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 1999: 160 [O‘ahu]. — Coles et al. 2001: 53 [Johnston Atoll]. —
Coles, Eldredge, Kandel, Reath & Longenecker 2004: 65 [Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, Moloka‘i, Maui, Hawai‘i]. —
Coles, Reath, Longenecker, Bolick & Eldredge 2004: 142 [Maui]. — Hoover 2006: 285, color
photographs [O‘ahu]. — Coles et al. 2008: 63 [Moloka‘i]. — Coles & Swenson 2010: 75, 88 [Ni‘ihau,
Moloka‘i].
Taxonomy. Serène (1984), Galil & Lewinsohn (1984), Castro (1998), Castro et al. (2004)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Symbiont of scleractinian reef corals (Pocillopora and other pocilloporids); shallow subtidal to 75 m.
SUPERFAMILY TRICHODACTYLOIDEA H. Milne Edwards, 1853
Family Trichodactylidae H. Milne Edwards, 1853
The freshwater crab, Trichodactylus punctatus Eydoux & Souleyet, 1842 (Eydoux & Souleyet 1842: 237, pl. 2,
figs. 1, 2 [type locality: îles “Sandwich”]), a junior synomym of Sylviocarcinus devillei H. Milne Edwards, 1853,
was “erroneously attributed” to the Hawaiian Is. (Rathbun 1906: 842). Trichodactylids are restricted to the Western
Hemisphere.
SUPERFAMILY XANTHOIDEA MacLeay, 1838
Family Panopeidae Ortmann, 1893
Subfamily Panopeinae Ortmann, 1893
Genus Acantholobulus Felder & Martin, 2003
(I) Acantholobulus pacificus (Edmondson, 1931)
Panopeus pacificus Edmondson, 1931: 12, fig. 3g–i, pl. 4B [type locality: O‘ahu; holotype: BPBM S3435].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
? Neopanope sp. — Edmondson 1931: 14, fig. 3j, pl. 4C [O‘ahu].
Epixanthus sp. — Edmondson, 1946: 298, fig. 180a [O‘ahu].
Panopeus pacificus Edmondson, 1931 — Forest & Guinot 1961: 116, figs. 102–105, pl. 4, fig. 3 [type material]. —
Edmondson 1962a: 277, fig. 20b [O‘ahu]. — Coles et al. 1997: 55, C–79 [O‘ahu]. — Coles 1999: 152
[O‘ahu]. — Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 1999: 159 [O‘ahu]; 2002a: 269, 333, 351 [O‘ahu]. — Coles,
Reath, Longenecker, Bolick & Eldredge 2004: 24, 140 [Kaua‘i, Moloka‘i, Hawai‘i]. — Coles, Kandel,
Reath, Longenecker & Eldredge 2006: 495 [Kaua‘i]. — Coles et al. 2009: 63, 69, 175 [O‘ahu].
Acantholobulus pacificus (Edmondson, 1931) — Felder & Martin 2003: 446 [O‘ahu].
Remarks. Suspected to have been introduced to the Hawaiian Is. (Edmondson, 1962a; Carlton & Eldredge 2009;
Brockerhoff & McLay 2011).
Taxonomy. Forest & Guinot (1961, as Panopeus pacificus), Felder & Martin (2003)
Geographical distribution. Unknown, presumed to be eastern Pacific or western Atlantic; introduced to New
Zealand, presumably from the eastern Pacific (Ahyong & Wilkens 2011).
Habitat. Shallow subtidal.
Genus Panopeus H. Milne Edwards, 1834
(*) Panopeus herbsti H. Milne Edwards, 1834
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Panopeus herbstii H. Milne Edwards, 1834: 403 [type locality: Amerique septentrionale, material of Say, 1817;
type material: status and location unknown].
Hawaiian Is. records:
? Galene hawaiiensis Dana, 1852a: 81 [type material: insulas Hawaienses; type material presumed lost].
? Galene hawaiiensis Dana, 1852 — Dana 1852b: 232, pl. 13, fig. 5 [“Sandwich Is.”].
Galene hawaiiensis Dana, 1852 — Rathbun 1906: 851 [Dana’s record]. — Edmondson 1962b: 283, fig. 24a
[Dana’s record].
Remarks. Recorded once, probably in error, from the Hawaiian Is. (Dana 1852a).
Taxonomy. Williams (1983), Ng et al. (2008)
Geographical distribution. Temperate western Atlantic region.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal.
(I) Panopeus lacustris Desbonne, in Desbonne & Schramm, 1867
Panopeus lacustris Desbonne, in Desbonne & Schramm, 1867: 28 [type locality: Guadeloupe; type material: status
and location unknown].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Panopeus herbstii H. Milne Edwards, 1834 — Edmondson 1962a: 217, 277, fig. 20c [O‘ahu]. (not Panopeus
herbstii H. Milne Edwards, 1834)
Panopeus lacustris Desbonne, in Desbonne & Schramm, 1867 — Williams 1983: 868, fig. 4 [O‘ahu]. — Coles et
al. 1997: 152 [O‘ahu]. — Coles et al. 2009: 63, 69, 73, 175 [O‘ahu].
Remarks. Introduced to the Hawaiian Is. (Edmondson, 1962a, as Panopeus herbstii; Carlton & Eldredge 2009;
Brockerhoff & McLay 2011).
Taxonomy. Williams (1983)
Geographical distribution. Tropical western Atlantic region.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal.
Family Xanthidae MacLeay, 1838
Subfamily Actaeinae Alcock, 1898
Genus Actaea De Haan, 1833
A species identified and listed as Actaea sp. (Edmondson 1962a: 260, figs. 12a, 14b–e [O‘ahu]) remains
unidentified. It most probably belongs in another genus.
Genus Actaeodes Dana, 1851
Actaeodes tomentosus (H. Milne Edwards, 1834)
Zozymus tomentosus H. Milne Edwards, 1834: 385 [type locality: océan Indien; lectotype, paralectotype: MNHN-
B2257].
Hawaiian Is. record:
Actaea tomentosa (H. Milne Edwards, 1834) — Rathbun 1906: 852 [O‘ahu]. — Edmondson 1946: 294 [Rathbun’s
record]; 1962a: 259, fig. 11c [Rathbun’s record].
Remarks. Recorded once from the Hawaiian Is. (Rathbun 1906) but no subsequent records are known from the
archipelago.
Taxonomy. Guinot (1976), Serène (1984)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal.
Genus Epiactaea Serène, 1984
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Epiactaea nodulosa (White, 1848)
Actaea nodulosa White, 1848: 224 [type locality: Isle de France (=Mauritius); type material: status and location
unknown].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Actaea nodulosa White, 1848 — Miers 1886: 120 [O‘ahu]. — Rathbun 1906: 853, pl. 9, fig. 4 [Penguin Bank east
of Moloka‘i, Au‘au Channel east of L na‘i, ‘Alenuih h Channel east of Maui, Hawai‘i, “Modu Manu”
(=Moku Manu, or Nihoa)]. — Edmondson 1946: 294 [H.I.]; 1962a: 256, fig. 11a [O‘ahu]. — Coles et al.
2001: 52 [Johnston Atoll]. — Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 2002b: 137 [O‘ahu].
Epiactaea nodulosa (White, 1848) — Titgen 1987: 108 [Penguin Bank east of Moloka‘i].
Taxonomy. Serène (1984)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Subtidal, 25–90 m.
Genus Forestiana Guinot & Low, 2010
Forestiana depressa (White, 1848)
Xantho depressus White, 1848: 225 [type locality: Philippines; type material: status and location unknown].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Pilumnus planus Edmondson, 1931: 8, fig. 3c, d, pl. 3 [type locality: Maui, also from O‘ahu; holotype: BPBM
S3440].
Pilumnus planes [sic] Edmondson, 1931 — Edmondson 1962a: 293, fig. 28c [O‘ahu, Maui]. — Coles, Reath,
Longenecker, Bolick & Eldredge 2004: 140 [Moloka‘i, Maui, Hawai‘i].
Pilumnus planus Edmondson, 1931 — Edmondson 1946: 299, fig. 180d [O‘ahu, Maui]. — Takeda 1980b: 318
[holotype].
Taxonomy. Guinot (1976, as Forestia depressa), Serène (1984, as F. depressa), Guinot & Low (2010)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal.
Genus Gaillardiellus Guinot, 1976
(*) Gaillardiellus alphonsi (Nobili, 1905)
Actaea alphonsi Nobili, 1905: 235 [type locality: Réunion; holotype: ex MNHN-B2192 S].
Hawaiian Is. record:
Actaea alphonsi Nobili, 1905 — Edmondson 1925: 50 [French Frigate Shoals].
Taxonomy. Guinot (1976), Serène (1984)
Remarks. Record from the Hawaiian Is. is questionable (Guinot 1976).
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal.
Gaillardiellus superciliaris (Odhner, 1925)
Actaea superciliaris Odhner, 1925: 49, pl. 3, figs. 11, 11a [type localities: several locations in Indian and Pacific
oceans, including O‘ahu; syntypes: NHRM, UZMC (H.I. syntype), ZMG, ZMH].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Actaea hirsutissima (Rüppell, 1830) — Rathbun 1906: 852 [Penguin Bank east of Moloka‘i, Hawai‘i, “Modu
Manu” (=Moku Manu, or Nihoa)]. — Edmondson 1925: 49 [French Frigate Shoals]. (not Xantho
hirsutissimus Rüppell, 1830)
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Actaea superciliaris Odhner, 1925 — Edmondson 1946: 292 [H.I.]; 1962a: 259, figs. 10f, 11e [H.I.]. — Coles,
DeFelice & Eldredge 2002b: 137 [O‘ahu]. — Coles, Reath, Longenecker, Bolick & Eldredge 2004: 142
[Kaua‘i, Maui].
Gaillardiellus superciliaris (Odhner, 1925) — Guinot 1976: 257, pl. 16, fig. 3 [O‘ahu syntypes]. — Titgen 1987:
108 [H.I.].
Taxonomy. Guinot (1976)
Geographical distribution. Eastern Indian and tropical Pacific oceans.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal to 75 m.
Genus Paractaea Guinot, 1969
In her re-evaluation of the taxonomy of Paractaea, Guinot (1969b) applied new names, as formes, to several
“varieties” of P. rufopunctata (H. Milne Edwards, 1834), two of which had been referred to as “varieties” on lables
left by M. Rathbun with the Hawaiian material deposited in the USNM. These names are unfortunately unavailable
because they were published after 1961 (ICZN 1999: Article 10.2; see Ng et al. 2008: 207, note 3).
The following records of “Actaea rufopunctata” from the Hawaiian Is. may represent one or more of the
three Hawaiian “varieties” of P. rufopunctata: Rathbun 1906: 852 [H.I. material in ANSP]; Edmondson 1925: 48
[French Frigate Shoals]; 1946: 294 [H.I.]; 1962a: 257, fig. 11b [H.I.]; Titgen 1987: 108 [H.I.] (as P. rufopunctata);
DeFelice et al. 1998: 16 [Midway Is.] (as P. rufopunctata).
(?) Paractaea garretti (Rathbun, 1906)
Actaea garretti Rathbun, 1906: 852, pl. 9, fig. 8, part [type locality: Kingsmill Is. (Gilbert Is., Kiribati), also from
unspecified location in the Hawaiian Is. and other Indo-West Pacific locations; holotype: USNM 30524].
Remarks. A paratype specimen of Actaea garretti Rathbun, 1906, collected in the Hawaiian Is. was not examined
by Guinot (1969b: 255, fig. 29, as Paractaea retusa forme garretti [unavailable name]), so the identity of the
Hawaiian material remains questionable. Ng et al. (2008: 195) raised Paractaea retusa forme garretti Guinot,
1969, to a full species.
Taxonomy. Guinot (1969b, as Paractaea retusa forme garretti)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal.
Paractaea rufopunctata forma intermedia Guinot, 1969
Paractaea rufopunctata forme intermedia Guinot, 1969b [unavailable name]: 250, fig. 35 [type localities: Bikini
Atoll (Marshall Is.), O‘ahu; USNM 120930, 122084; H.I. syntype deposited in ZMUC].
Remarks. The name of the variety needs to be formally validated. It may prove to be a distinct species.
Taxonomy. Guinot (1969b), Serène (1984)
Geographical distribution. Marshall Is., Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Probably shallow subtidal.
Paractaea rufopunctata forma primarathbunae Guinot, 1969
Paractaea rufopunctata forme primarathbunae Guinot, 1969b [unavailable name]: 248, fig. 23 [type localities:
Penguin Bank east of Moloka‘i, Moloka‘i, Au‘au Channel east of L na‘i; syntypes: USNM 29397, 29399,
29400].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Actaea rufopunctata (H. Milne Edwards, 1834) — Rathbun 1906: 852 (part; “Actaea rufopunctata variety no. 1”
on label) [Penguin Bank east of Moloka‘i, Moloka‘i, Au‘au Channel east of L na‘i]. (not Xantho
rufopunctatus rufopunctatus H. Milne Edwards, 1834).
Remarks. The name of the variety needs to be formally validated. It may prove to be a distinct species.
Taxonomy. Guinot (1969b), Serène (1984)
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Geographical distribution. Only known with certainty from the Hawaiian Is. A western Indian Ocean specimen
was attributed “with reserve” to this variety by Serène (1984: 123).
Habitat. Subtidal, 25–78 m
Paractaea rufopunctata forma tertiarathbunae Guinot, 1969
Paractaea rufopunctata forme tertiarathbunae Guinot, 1969b [unavailable name]: 249, fig. 24 [type locality:
Kaua‘i; syntypes: USNM 29401].
Additional Hawaiian Is. record:
Actaea rufopunctata (H. Milne Edwards, 1834) — Rathbun 1906: 852 (part; as “Actaea rufopunctata variety no. 3”
on label) [Kaua‘i]. (not Xantho rufopunctatus rufopunctatus H. Milne Edwards, 1834).
Remarks. The name of the variety needs to be formally validated. It may prove to be a distinct species.
Taxonomy. Guinot (1969b), Serène (1984)
Geographical distribution. Only known from the Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Subtidal to bathyal, 124–326 m.
Paractaea secundarathbunae Guinot, 1969
Paractaea secundarathbunae Guinot, 1969b: 258, fig. 31 [type locality: Au‘au Channel east of L na‘i, also from
Kaua‘i; holotype: USNM 29398, paratypes USNM 123788].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Actaea rufopunctata (H. Milne Edwards, 1834) — Rathbun 1906: 852 (part; “Actaea rufopunctata var. 2” and
“var. 3” on labels) [Au‘au Channel east of L na‘i, Kaua‘i]. (not Xantho rufopunctatus rufopunctatus H.
Milne Edwards, 1834)
Taxonomy. Guinot (1969b), Serène (1984)
Geographical distribution. Known with certainty only from the Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Subtidal to bathyal, 51–326 m.
Genus Pseudoliomera Odhner, 1925
Pseudoliomera helleri (A. Milne-Edwards, 1865)
Actaea helleri A. Milne-Edwards, 1865: 270, pl. 17, fig. 3 [type locality: unknown; lectotype: MNHN-B13800].
Hawaiian Is. record:
Pseudoliomera helleri (A. Milne-Edwards, 1865) — DeFelice et al. 2002: 30, 72 [French Frigate Shoals].
Taxonomy. Serène (1984)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to 35 m.
Pseudoliomera remota (Rathbun, 1907)
Actaea remota Rathbun, 1907: 43, pl. 1, fig. 9, pl. 7, fig. 1 [type locality: Easter I.; type material: USNM 32849].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Actaea remota Rathbun, 1907 — Odhner 1925: 63, pl. 4, fig. 6 [Hawai‘i]. — Edmondson 1946: 294 [Hawai‘i];
1962a: 262, fig. 12b [O‘ahu, Hawai‘i]. — Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 2002b: 141, 224 [O‘ahu]. —
Godwin & Bolick 2006: 39, 49 [Moloka‘i].
Taxonomy. Serène (1984)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal.
Pseudoliomera speciosa (Dana, 1852)
Actaeodes speciosus Dana, 1852a: 78 [type locality: Samoa; type material presumed lost].
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Actaea speciosa (Dana, 1852) — Lenz 1901: 460 [Laysan]. — Rathbun 1906: 852 [French Frigate Shoals]. —
Edmondson 1923b: 1552 [Kure Atoll]; 1925: 49 [O‘ahu, Kure Atoll, Pearl and Hermes Reef, Laysan,
Johnston Atoll]; 1946: 292, fig. 178c [H.I.]; 1962a: 261, fig. 13a [H.I.]. — Pesta 1933: 280 [H.I.]. —
Barry 1965: 23 [O‘ahu]. — Coles 1986: 310, 312 [H.I.]. — Coles et al. 2008: 63 [Moloka‘i].
Actaea speciosus (Dana, 1852) — Brock et al. 1965: 14 [Johnston Atoll].
Actaeodes speciosus Dana, 1852 — Stimpson 1907: 43 [Hawai‘i].
Pseudoliomera speciosa (Dana, 1852) — Amerson & Shelton 1976: 76 [Johnston Atoll]. — Titgen 1987: 109
[H.I]. — DeFelice et al. 1998: 16 [Midway Is.]. — Coles, Eldredge, Kandel, Reath & Longenecker 2004:
65 [Maui, Hawai‘i]. — Hoover 2006: 283, color photograph [O‘ahu]. — Coles & Swenson 2010: 88
[Moloka‘i].
Taxonomy. Serène (1984)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal.
Pseudoliomera variolosa (Borradaile, 1902)
Actaea variolosa Borradaile, 1902b: 256, fig. 54 [type locality: Maldives; type material: UMZC].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Actaea variolosa Borradaile, 1902 — Rathbun 1906: 853 [Au‘au Channel east of L na‘i, Necker, “Modu Manu”
(=Moku Manu, or Nihoa)]. — Edmondson 1925: 50 [Laysan]; 1946: 294 [Rathbun’s records]; 1962a: 259,
fig. 11d [O‘ahu, H.I.].
Pseudoliomera variolosa (Borradaile, 1902) — Serène 1984: 102, fig. 60, pl. 13, fig. C [H.I.]. — Coles, DeFelice
& Eldredge 2002a: 271, 334 [O‘ahu]; 2002b: 141, 224 [O‘ahu]. — DeFelice et al. 1998: 16 [Midway Is.];
2002: 30, 72 [French Frigate Shoals]. — Coles, Reath, Longenecker, Bolick & Eldredge 2004: 144
[Kaua‘i, Moloka‘i, Maui, Hawai‘i]. — Godwin & Bolick 2006: 39, 49 [Moloka‘i]. — Coles et al. 2008: 63
[Moloka‘i]. — Coles & Swenson 2010: 87 [L na‘i].
Taxonomy. Serène (1984)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to bathyal, 29–311 m.
Subfamily Antrocarcininae Ng & Chia, 1994
Genus Cyrtocarcinus Ng & Chia, 1994
Cyrtocarcinus truncatus (Rathbun, 1906)
Harrovia truncata Rathbun, 1906: 866, fig. 40, pl. 14, fig. 8 [type locality: Kaua‘i; holotype: USNM 29804].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Harrovia truncata Rathbun, 1906 — Edmondson 1951: 217, figs. 21, 22 [O‘ahu].
Glyptocarcinus truncatus (Rathbun, 1906) — Takeda 1979: 68 [O‘ahu].
Cyrtocarcinus truncatus (Rathbun, 1906) — Ng & Chia 1994: 725, figs. 11–13 [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Ng & Chia (1994)
Geographical distribution. Only known from the Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to bathyal, 3–424 m.
Subfamily Chlorodiellinae Ng & Holthuis, 2007
Genus Chlorodiella Rathbun, 1897
Chlorodiella cytherea (Dana, 1852)
Chlorodius cytherea Dana, 1852a: 79 [type locality: insulas Paumotenses (=Tuamotu Archipelago, French
Polynesia), Tahitienses et Hawaienses; type material presumed lost].
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Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Chlorodius cytherea Dana, 1852 — Dana 1852b: 213, pl. 12, fig. 2 [“Sandwich Is.”]. — Stimpson 1858a: 33 [H.I.];
1907: 50 [“Sandwich Is.”].
Eurüppelia sp. — Cano 1889b: 209 [O‘ahu].
Chlorodiella niger (Forskål, 1775) — Rathbun 1906: 857 [O‘ahu, Moloka‘i, Hawai‘i, Laysan]. — Edmondson
1923b: 1550, 1552 [H.I., Kure Atoll]; 1925: 44 (part) [N.W.I.]; 1962a: 281, fig. 23d [H.I.]. — Pesta 1933:
280 [H.I.]. — Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 1999: 159 [O‘ahu]. (not Cancer niger Forskål, 1775)
Chlorodiella nigra (Forskål, 1775) — Edmondson 1946: 296 [H.I.]. — Coles, Reath, Longenecker, Bolick &
Eldredge 2004: 143 [Maui, Hawai‘i]. — Coles et al. 2008: 62, 69 [O‘ahu, Moloka‘i]. (not Cancer niger
Forskål, 1775)
Chlorodiella cytherea (Dana, 1852) — Titgen 1987: 107, 108, fig. 1a–d [O‘ahu, Laysan, Johnston Atoll]. —
DeFelice et al. 1998: 16 [Midway Is.]. — Godwin & Bolick 2006: 39, 49 [Moloka‘i]. — Coles & Swenson
2010: 87 [O‘ahu, Moloka‘i].
Remarks. Some of the Hawaiian material previously identified as C. nigra (Forskål, 1775) also belong to C.
laevissima (Dana, 1852) (Titgen 1982) (see below).
Taxonomy. Serène (1984), Titgen (1987)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal.
Chlorodiella laevissima (Dana, 1852)
Chlorodius laevissimus Dana, 1852a: 80, insulas Hawaienses; type material presumed lost].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Chlorodius laevissimus Dana, 1852 — Dana 1852b: 215, pl. 12, fig. 4 [“Sandwich Is.”].
Chlorodiella laevissima (Dana, 1852) — Rathbun 1906: 857 [Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, Penguin Bank east of Moloka‘i,
Moloka‘i, Au‘au Channel east of L na‘i, Hawai‘i, Laysan, “Modu Manu” (=Moku Manu, or Nihoa)]. —
Edmondson 1946: 296 [H.I.]; 1962a: 281, fig. 23e [H.I.]. — Titgen 1987: 107, 108, fig. 1e–h [O‘ahu,
Moloka‘i, Maui, Laysan]. — Coles et al. 1998: 15, 25 [Kaho‘olawe]; 2001: 52 [Johnston Atoll]. — Coles,
DeFelice & Eldredge 2002a: 269, 333 [O‘ahu]. — DeFelice et al. 1998: 16 [Midway Is.]; 2002: 30, 72
[French Frigate Shoals]. — Coles, Reath, Longenecker, Bolick & Eldredge 2004: 143 [Maui, Hawai‘i]. —
Godwin & Bolick 2006: 39, 49 [Moloka‘i]. — Coles et al. 2008: 62, 69 [O‘ahu, Moloka‘i]. — Coles &
Swenson 2010: 87 [O‘ahu, Moloka‘i].
Chlorodiella niger (Forskål, 1775) — Edmondson 1925: 44 (part) [N.W.I.]. (not Cancer niger Forskål, 1775)
Taxonomy. Serène (1984), Titgen (1987)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal to at least 124 m.
Genus Cyclodius Dana, 1851
Cyclodius nitidus (Dana, 1852)
Pilodius nitidus Dana, 1852a: 80 [type locality: Samoa; type material presumed lost].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Phymodius nitidus (Dana, 1852) — Rathbun 1906: 858 [O‘ahu, Moloka‘i]. — Edmondson 1925: 44 [O‘ahu, Pearl
and Hermes Reef, Lisianski, Laysan, French Frigate Shoals, Necker, Nihoa, Johnston Atoll]; 1946: 296,
fig. 179b [H.I.]; 1962a: 280, fig. 23b [H.I.]. — Pesta 1933: 280 [H.I.]. — Forest & Guinot 1961: 114, pl.
15 [H.I.]. — Amerson & Shelton 1976: 76 [Johnston Atoll]. — Titgen 1987: 108 [Laysan]. — Coles et al.
1997: C–79 [O‘ahu]. — DeFelice et al. 1998: 16 [Midway Is.]. — Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 1999: 160
[O‘ahu]; 2002a: 271, 334 [O‘ahu]; 2002b: 140, 224 [O‘ahu]. — Coles et al. 2001: 53 [Johnston Atoll]. —
DeFelice et al. 2002: 30, 72 [French Frigate Shoals]. — Coles, Reath, Longenecker, Bolick & Eldredge
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2004: 144 [Moloka‘i, Maui, Hawai‘i]. — Godwin & Bolick 2006: 39, 49 [Moloka‘i]. — Coles et al. 2009:
63,78, 175 [O‘ahu].
Chlorodopsis scabricula (Dana, 1852) — Rathbun 1906: 859 [O‘ahu]. — Edmondson 1946: 295 [Rathbun’s
record]. (not Pilodius scrabiculus Dana, 1852)
Taxonomy. Forest & Guinot (1961, as Phymodius nitidus), Serène (1984, as P. nitidus)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal.
Cyclodius obscurus (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1846)
Chlorodius obscurus Hombron & Jacquinot, 1846: pl. 3, fig. 4, 4D [type locality: Samoa; type material: status and
location unknown].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Phymodius obscurus (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1846) — Rathbun 1906: 858 [O‘ahu, Moloka‘i, Hawai‘i]. —
Edmondson 1946: 296 [Rathbun’s record]; 1962a: 278, fig. 20d [Rathbun’s record].
Phymodius monticulosus (Dana, 1852) — Forest & Guinot 1961: 106, pl. 10 [H.I.]. — Titgen 1987: 108 [O‘ahu].
— Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 2002a: 271, 334[O‘ahu]; 2002b: 224 [O‘ahu].
Cyclodius obscurus (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1846) — Felder & Thoma 2010: 136 [H.I.].
Taxonomy. Forest & Guinot (1961, as Phymodius monticulosus), Serène (1984, as P. monticulosus), Ng et al.
(2008)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal.
Cyclodius ungulatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1834)
Chlorodius ungulatus H. Milne Edwards, 1834: 400, pl. 16, figs. 6–8 [type locality: Australiasie; type material:
status and location unknown].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Chlorodius ungulatus H. Milne Edwards, 1834 — Streets 1877: 105 [H.I.].
Phymodius ungulatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1834) — Rathbun 1906: 857 [O‘ahu]. — Edmondson 1925: 44 [Pearl
and Hermes Reef, Lisianski, Laysan]; 1946: 296, fig. 179c [H.I.]; 1962a: 278, fig. 23a [H.I.]. — Forest &
Guinot 1961: 110, fig. 86, pls. 11–14 [H.I.]. — Coles et al. 1997: C–80 [O‘ahu]. — Coles, DeFelice &
Eldredge 1999: 160 [O‘ahu]; 2002a: 271, 334 [O‘ahu]; 2002b: 140, 224 [O‘ahu]. — Coles et al. 2001: 53
[Johnston Atoll].
Taxonomy. Forest & Guinot (1961, as Phymodius ungulatus), Serène (1984, as P. ungulatus)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal.
Genus Garthiella Titgen, 1986
Garthiella aberrans (Rathbun, 1906)
Chlorodopsis aberrans Rathbun, 1906: 859, fig. 20 [type locality: “Modu Manu” (=Moku Manu, or Nihoa);
holotype: USNM 29434].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Chlorodopsis aberrans Rathbun, 1906 — Edmondson 1925: 43 [Johnston Atoll]; 1946: 295 [H.I.]; 1962a: 274, fig.
20a [Johnston Atoll]. — Serène & Nguyen 1959: 328, figs. 2L, 5L, pl. 2, fig. d, pl. 3, fig. K [H.I.].
Pilodius aberrans (Rathbun, 1906) — Amerson & Shelton 1976: 76 [Johnston Atoll].
Garthiella aberrans (Rathbun, 1906) — Titgen 1986: 57, figs. 1, 2 [Johnston Atoll]. — Coles et al. 2001: 52
[Johnston Atoll].
Taxonomy. Titgen (1986)
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Geographical distribution. Hawaiian Is., French Polynesia.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to 47 m.
Genus Liocarpilodes Klunzinger, 1913
Liocarpilodes biunguis (Rathbun, 1906)
Xanthodius biunguis Rathbun, 1906: 849, fig. 12, pl. 8, fig. 10 [type locality: O‘ahu, also Hawai‘i; holotype:
USNM 25335].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Xanthodius biunguis Rathbun, 1906 — Edmondson 1925: 50 [Lisianski, Laysan, Johnston Atoll]. — Lenz 1933:
280 [H.I.].
Zoozymodes biunguis (Rathbun, 1906) — Edmondson 1946: 289, fig. 177c [H.I.].
Zozymodes biunguis (Rathbun, 1906) — Forest & Guinot 1961: 54, fig. 38 [O‘ahu]. — Edmondson 1962a: 225,
fig. 1d [H.I.]. — Titcomb et al. 1979: 365 [H.I.].
Liocarpilodes biunguis (Rathbun, 1906) —Amerson & Shelton 1976: 76 [Johnston Atoll]. — Serène 1984: 264,
fig. 176, pl. 37, fig. C [O‘ahu]. — Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 2002a: 270, 333[O‘ahu]; 2002b: 138
[O‘ahu]. — Coles, Reath, Longenecker, Bolick & Eldredge 2004: 143 [Hawai‘i]. — Godwin & Bolick
2006: 39, 49 [Moloka‘i].
Liocarpilodes binnguis [sic] (Rathbun, 1906) — Coles et al. 1997: C–74 [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Serène (1984)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal.
Liocarpilodes integerrimus (Dana, 1852)
Actaeodes ? integerrimus Dana, 1852b: 201, pl. 11, fig. 7 [type locality: “Oahu or Maui;” type material presumed
lost].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Actaea ? interregima (Dana, 1852) — Rathbun 1906: 854 [Dana’s record].
Chlorodiella asper Edmondson, 1925: 44, fig. 7f–i, pl. 3C, D [type locality: Johnston Atoll; holotype: BPBM
S1819].
Chlorodiella asper Edmondson, 1925 — Amerson & Shelton 1976: 75 [Johnston Atoll].
Liocarpilodes integerrimus (Dana, 1852) — Edmondson 1946: 295 [H.I.]; 1962a: 282, figs. 22c, 23f [Johnston
Atoll]. — Amerson & Shelton 1976: 76 [Johnston Atoll]. — DeFelice et al. 1998: 16 [Midway Is.]; 2002:
30, 72 [French Frigate Shoals]. — Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 1999: 159[O‘ahu]; 2002a: 270, 333
[O‘ahu]; 2002b: 138, 224 [O‘ahu]. — Coles, Reath, Longenecker, Bolick & Eldredge 2004: 143
[Hawai‘i]. — Coles, Longenecker & Bolick 2006: 24 [L na‘i]. — Godwin & Bolick 2006: 39, 49
[Moloka‘i]. — Coles et al. 2008: 62, 69 [O‘ahu, Moloka‘i].
Liocarpilodes interrimus [sic] (Dana, 1852) —Coles et al. 2001: 52 [Johnston Atoll].
Taxonomy. Serène (1984)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal.
Genus Pilodius Dana, 1851
Pilodius areolatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1834)
Chlorodius areolatus H. Milne Edwards, 1834: 400 [type locality: Nouvelle-Holande [sic] (=Australia); type
material no longer extant (see Clark & Galil 1993)].
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Hawaiian Is. records:
Actaea affinis (Dana, 1852) — Rathbun 1906: 852[O‘ahu, Hawai‘i, Laysan]. — Edmondson 1923a: 15 [H.I.];
1925: 49 [H.I., N.W.I.]. — Pesta 1933: 280 [H.I.].
Actaea affinus [sic] (Dana, 1852) — Edmondson 1923b: 1552 [Kure Atoll].
Chlorodopsis areolata (H. Milne Edwards, 1834) — Rathbun 1906: 858 [H.I.]. — Edmondson 1946: 296, fig. 178f
[H.I.]; 1962a: 269, fig. 19a [H.I.]. — Titcomb et al. 1979: 364, 365 [H.I.].
Pilodius areolatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1834) — Titgen 1987: 108 [Laysan]. — Clark & Galil 1993: 1125, figs. 1,
31A, 40A, 44B [O‘ahu]. — Coles et al. 2001: 53 [Johnston Atoll]. — Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 2002a:
271, 334 [O‘ahu]; 2002b: 140 [O‘ahu]. — DeFelice et al. 1998: 16 [Midway Is.]; 2002: 30, 72 [French
Frigate Shoals]. — Coles, Eldredge, Kandel, Reath & Longenecker 2004: 65 [Kaua‘i]. — Godwin &
Bolick 2006: 39, 49 [Moloka‘i]. — Hoover 2006: 282, color photograph [O‘ahu]. — Coles et al. 2008: 63
[Moloka‘i]. — Coles & Swenson 2010: 87 [Moloka‘i]. — Felder & Thoma 2010: 136 [H.I.].
Pilodius areolata (H. Milne Edwards, 1834) — Amerson & Shelton 1976: 76 [Johnston Atoll].
Taxonomy. Serène (1984), Clark & Galil (1993)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal.
Pilodius flavus Rathbun, 1894
Pilodius flavus Rathbun, 1894: 239 [type locality: Kaiwi Channel east of O‘ahu; holotype: USNM 17317].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Pilodius flavus Rathbun, 1894 — Rathbun 1906: 860, fig. 21 [Kaiwi Channel, Laysan, French Frigate Shoals,
“Modu Manu” (=Moku Manu, or Nihoa)]. — Edmondson 1923b: 1552 [Kure Atoll]; 1925: 43 [O‘ahu,
Kure Atoll, Pearl and Hermes Reef]; 1946: 299, fig. 180b [O‘ahu]; 1962a: 275, figs. 19c, 22a, b [O‘ahu].
— Titgen 1987: 108 [Nihoa]. — Clark & Galil 1993: 1130, figs. 4, 32B, 40D, 41A [holotype, Kaua‘i,
O‘ahu, Pearl and Hermes Reef, French Frigate Shoals, Nihoa]. — Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 2002a: 271,
334 [O‘ahu]; 2002b: 141 [O‘ahu]. — DeFelice et al. 1998: 16 [Midway Is.]; 2002: 30, 72 [French Frigate
Shoals]. — Coles, Reath, Longenecker, Bolick & Eldredge 2004: 145 [Kaua‘i, Hawai‘i]. — Coles et al.
2008: 63, 69 [O‘ahu, Moloka‘i]. — Coles & Swenson 2010: 87 [O‘ahu, L na‘i].
Chlorodopsis hawaiiensis Edmondson, 1962: 273, fig. 21 [type locality: O‘ahu, also from Kaua‘i; holotype: BPBM
S6877].
Taxonomy. Clark & Galil (1993)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Subtidal to bathyal, to 291 m.
Pilodius? kauaiensis (Edmondson, 1962)
Chlorodopsis kauaiensis Edmondson, 1962a: 272, fig. 18c–e [type locality: Kaua‘i; holotype: BPBM S3664].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Pilodius kauaiensis (Edmondson, 1962) — Titgen 1987: 108 [H.I.]. — Ng et al. (2008): 207 [O‘ahu].
Remarks. The species, which was tentatively included in Pilodius by Edmondson (1962a), does not belong in this
genus (Clark & Galil 1993). Ng et al. (2008: 207) examined the type and agreed that it may need to be placed in its
own genus.
Taxonomy. Clark & Galil (1993), Ng et al. (2008)
Geographical distribution. Only known from the Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal.
Pilodius nigrocrinitus Stimpson, 1859
Pilodius nigrocrinitus Stimpson, 1859: 34 [type locality: Japan; type material presumed lost].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Chlorodopsis sp. — Edmondson, 1946: 296 [O‘ahu].
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Taxonomy. Clark & Galil (1993)
Geographical distribution. Eastern Indian, western and southeastern Pacific oceans, Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal.
Pilodius paumotensis Rathbun, 1907
Pilodius paumotensis Rathbun, 1907: 52, pl. 8, fig. 2, 2a, b [type locality: Tuamotu Archipelago (French
Polynesia); syntypes: USNM 32852].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Chlorodopsis oahuensis Edmondson, 1962a: 270, figs. 18a, b, 19b [type locality: O‘ahu; holotype: BPBM S4346].
Chlorodopsis oahuensis Edmondson, 1962 — Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 1999: 159 [O‘ahu].
Pilodius paumotensis Rathbun, 1907 — Clark & Galil 1993: 1143, figs. 10, 35B, 43A [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Serène (1984), Clark & Galil (1993)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal.
Genus Tweedieia Ward, 1935
Tweedieia laysani (Rathbun, 1906)
Phymodius laysani Rathbun, 1906: 858, fig. 19, pl. 12, fig. 8 [type locality: Laysan; holotype: USNM 29530].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Phymodius laysani Rathbun, 1906: Edmondson 1923b: 1552 [Kure Atoll]; 1925: 44 [O‘ahu, Kure Atoll, Pearl and
Hermes Reef, Laysan, French Frigate Shoals, Johnston Atoll; 1946: 296, fig. 179d [H.I.]; 1962a: 280, fig.
23c [H.I.]. — Pesta 1933: 280 [H.I.]. — Guinot 1964a: 85, fig. 37 [Johnston Atoll]. — Amerson & Shelton
1976: 76 [Johnston Atoll]. — Titcomb et al. 1979: 364 [H.I.]. — Serène 1984: 253, figs. 165, 166, pl. 37,
fig. F [H.I.]. — Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 1999: 159 [O‘ahu]. — Coles et al. 2001: 53 [Johnston Atoll].
— DeFelice et al. 2002: 30, 72 [French Frigate Shoals].
Tweedieia laysani (Rathbun, 1906) — DeFelice et al. 1998: 16 [Midway Is.]. — Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge
2002a: 271, 334 [O‘ahu]; 2002b: 142 [O‘ahu]. — Godwin & Bolick 2006: 39, 49 [Moloka‘i].
Taxonomy. Serène (1984)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal.
Subfamily Etisinae Ortmann, 1893
Genus Etisus H. Milne Edwards, 1834
Etisus bifrontalis (Edmondson, 1935)
Etisodes bifrontalis Edmondson, 1935: 35, fig. 11, pl. 2, fig. C [Pearl and Hermes Reef; holotype: BPBM S3921].
Remarks. Recently collected from French Frigate Shoals (G. Paulay, personal communication)..
Taxonomy. Guinot (1964a), Serène (1984)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal.
Etisus demani Odhner, 1925
Etisus demani Odhner, 1925: 83 [type locality: Samoa; type material: status and location unknown].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Leptodius molokaiensis Rathbun, 1906: 847, fig. 10, pl. 9, fig. 1 [type locality: Moloka‘i; holotype: USNM 29492].
Etisus demani Odhner, 1925 — Edmondson 1946: 295 [H.I.]; 1962a: 265, fig. 16a [H.I.]. — Coles et al. 2001: 52
[Johnston Atoll].
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Taxonomy. Guinot (1964a), Serène (1984)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal to 120 m.
Etisus dentatus (Herbst, 1785)
Cancer dentatus Herbst, 1785: 186, pl. 11, fig. 66 [color] [type locality: unknown; type material presumed lost (see
K. Sakai 1999)].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Etisus dentatus (Herbst, 1785) — Rathbun 1906: 850 [O‘ahu]. — Edmondson 1946: 295 [Rathbun’s record];
1962a: 268, fig. 16b [Rathbun’s record].
Remarks. Recorded once from the Hawaiian Is. (Rathbun 1906) but no subsequent records are known from the
archipelago.
Taxonomy. Guinot (1964a), Serène (1984)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal to 30 m.
Etisus electra (Herbst, 1801)
Cancer electra Herbst, 1801: 34, pl. 51, fig. 6 [color] [type locality: Ostindien; holotype of Cancer metis Herbst,
1801, a junior synonym: ZMB Herbst 2274].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Etisodes electra (Herbst, 1801) — Rathbun 1906: 851, pl. 9, fig. 7 [O‘ahu, H.I].
Etisus electra (Herbst, 1801) — Edmondson 1923b: 1550 [H.I.]; 1946: 294, fig. 178d [H.I.]; 1962a: 265, fig. 13b
[H.I.]. — Amerson & Shelton 1976: 75 [Johnston Atoll], — Titgen 1987: 108 [O‘ahu]. — Coles et al.
2001: 52 [Johnston Atoll].
Taxonomy. Guinot (1964a), Serène (1984)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal.
Etisus laevimanus Randall, 1840
Etisus laevimanus Randall, 1840: 115 [type locality: “Sandwich Islands;” syntypes: ANSP CA3070].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Etisus laevimanus Randall, 1840 — Dana 1852a: 76 [insulas Hawaienses]; 1852b: 185, pl. 10, fig. 1 [“Sandwich
Is.”]. — Miers 1886: 132 [O‘ahu]. — Lenz 1901: 464 [O‘ahu]. — Rathbun 1906: 851 [O‘ahu, H.I.]. —
Edmondson 1923b: 1550 [H.I.]; 1946: 295 [H.I.]; 1962a: 268, fig. 17b [H.I.]. — Titgen 1987: 108
[O‘ahu]. — Coles et al. 1997: C–74 [O‘ahu]. — Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 2002a: 266, 333 [O‘ahu].
Etisus levimanus [sic] Randall, 1840 — Streets 1877: 105 [H.I.].
Taxonomy. Guinot (1964a), Serène (1984)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal.
Etisus splendidus Rathbun, 1906
Etisus splendidus Rathbun, 1906: 850, pl. 3, fig. 10 [color] [type locality: O‘ahu; holotype: USNM 29464].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Etisus splendidus Rathbun, 1906: Edmondson 1946: 295, fig. 178e [H.I.]; 1962a: 218, 267, fig. 17a [H.I.]. —
Titcomb et al. 1979: 367, 369 [H.I.]. — Fielding & Robinson 1987: 84, color photograph [H.I.]. — Titgen
1987: 108 [H.I.]. — Hoover 2006: 279, color photograph [Ni‘ihau].
Etisus (Etisodes) splendidus Rathbun, 1906 — Tinker 1965: 114, pl. 45 [H.I.].
Taxonomy. Guinot (1964a), Serène (1984)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
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Habitat. Shallow subtidal to 10 m.
Etisus waialuanus (Rathbun, 1906)
Leptodius waialuanus Rathbun, 1906: 848, fig. 11, pl. 8, fig. 9 [type locality: O‘ahu; holotype: USNM 29506].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Leptodius waialuanus Rathbun, 1906 — Edmondson 1923a: 1552 [Kure Atoll]; 1925: 51 [O‘ahu, Kure Atoll,
Johnston Atoll]; 1946: 289 [H.I.]; 1962a: 240, fig. 6f [H.I., Johnston Atoll]. — Forest & Guinot 1961: 68,
fig. 53 [O‘ahu]. — Godwin & Bolick 2006: 39, 49 [Moloka‘i].
Remarks. Examination of the female holotype has shown that the species certainly does not belong in Leptodius
A. Milne-Edwards, 1863, but Etisus (P.K.L. Ng and J.C. Mendoza, personal communication).
Taxonomy. Forest & Guinot (1961)
Geographical distribution. Western Pacific Ocean, Hawaiian Is., Johnston Atoll.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal.
Subfamily Euxanthinae Alcock, 1898
Genus Medaeops Guinot, 1967
(?) Medaeops neglectus (Balss, 1922)
Xantho neglectus Balss, 1922: 6; 1924: 9 [type locality: Red Sea; type material: status and location unknown].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Medaeops neglectus Balss, 1922 — Godwin & Bolick 2006: 39, 49 [Moloka‘i].
Remarks. The identification of the Hawaiian Is. material is highly questionable. The specimens, previously
identified as Madaeops neglectus by Godwin & Bolick (2006), represent a new species of Paramedaeus (J.C.
Mendoza, personal communication).
Taxonomy. Serène (1984), Mendoza et al. (2009).
Geographical distribution. Red Sea, Indian Ocean, questionably in the Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal.
Genus Medaeus Dana, 1851
A new species of Medaeus from the Hawaiian Islands will be described by J.C. Mendoza and P.K.L. Ng (National
University of Singapore).
Medaeus elegans A. Milne-Edwards, 1867
Medaeus elegans A. Milne-Edwards, 1867: 270 [type locality: New Caledonia; holotype: MNHN-B9452].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Medaeus elegans A. Milne-Edwards, 1867 — Edmondson 1923b: 1552 [Kure Atoll]; 1925: 50 [O‘ahu, Kure
Atoll]; 1946: 288 [H.I.]; 1962a: 236, figs. 4e, 6a [H.I.]. — Pesta 1933: 280 [H.I.]. — Titgen 1987: 108
[H.I.]. — Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 2002b: 139 [O‘ahu].
? Medaeus elegans A. Milne-Edwards, 1867 — Coles et al. 2001: 53 [Johnston Atoll].
Remarks. The species appears to actually represent a species complex (Mendoza & Ng 2010).
Taxonomy. Guinot (1967a)
Geographical distribution. Western Pacific Ocean, Hawaiian Is., Johnston Atoll.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal.
Medaeus ornatus Dana, 1852
Medaeus ornatus Dana, 1852a: 76 [type locality: Maui; type material presumed lost].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
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Medaeus ornatus Dana, 1852 — Dana 1852b: 182, 1577, pl. 9, fig. 1 [Maui]. — Rathbun 1906: 849, pl. 9, fig. 5
[Moloka‘i, Au‘au Channel east of L na‘i]. — Edmondson 1923b: 1552 [Kure Atoll]; 1925: 50 [O‘ahu,
Kure Atoll]; 1946: 288 [H.I.]; 1962a: 235, fig. 5f [O‘ahu, H.I.]. — Guinot 1967a: 363, fig. 26 [O‘ahu]. —
Titgen 1987: 108 [Au‘au Channel east of L na‘i].
Taxonomy. Guinot (1967a)
Geographical distribution. Western Pacific Ocean, Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Subtidal to 133 m.
Genus Paramedaeus Guinot, 1967
A new species of Paramedaeus from the Hawaiian Islands will be described by J.C. Mendoza and P.K.L. Ng
(National University of Singapore).
Paramedaeus octogesimus Ng & Clark, 2002
Paramedaeus octogesimus Ng & Clark, 2002: 528, figs. 1, 2 [type locality: L na‘i; holotype: ZRC 2000.2505].
Taxonomy. Ng & Clark (2002)
Geographical distribution. Eastern Indian Ocean, Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal, 10–18 m.
Paramedaeus simplex (A. Milne-Edwards, 1873)
Medaeus simplex A. Milne-Edwards, 1873a: 79 [type locality: Madagascar; type material: status and location
unknown].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Medaeus simplex A. Milne-Edwards, 1873 — Rathbun 1906: 849, pl. 9, fig. 10 [Hawai‘i]. — Edmondson 1925: 50
[Lisianski]; 1946: 288, fig. 176g [H.I.]; 1962a: 235, fig. 5e [H.I.].
Paramedeus [sic] simplex (A. Milne-Edwards, 1873) — Coles et al. 1997: C–79 [O‘ahu].
Paramedaeus simplex (A. Milne-Edwards, 1873) — Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 2002a: 270, 333 [O‘ahu]; 2002b:
140 [O‘ahu]. — Ng & Clark 2002: 533, fig. 3 [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Serène (1984), Ng & Clark (2002)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal.
Subfamily Kraussiinae Ng, 1993
Genus Kraussia Dana, 1852
Kraussia rugulosa (Krauss, 1843)
Platyonichus rugulosus Krauss, 1843: 26, pl. 1, fig. 5 [type locality: South Africa; type material: status and
location unknown].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Kraussia rugulosa (Krauss, 1843) — Dana 1852a: 86 [insulas Hawaienses]; 1852b: 302, pl. 19, fig. 1 [Maui]. —
Rathbun 1906: 875 [Dana’s record]. — Edmondson 1946: 283, fig. 175 [H.I.].
Taxonomy. Serène (1972), Ng (1993)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal.
Genus Palapedia Ng, 1993
An unidentified species of Palapedia has been recently collected from French Frigate Shoals (G. Paulay, personal
communication).
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Palapedia hendersoni (Rathbun, 1902)
Kraussia hendersoni Rathbun, 1902b: 133 [type locality: Samoa; type material: status and location unknown].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Kraussia hendersoni Rathbun, 1902 — Rathbun 1906: 875, pl. 14, fig. 2 [Au‘au Channel east of L na‘i].
Kraussia nitida Stimpson, 1858 — Edmondson 1923b: 1551 [Rathbun’s record]. (not Kraussia nitida Stimpson,
1858)
Remarks. Recorded once from the Hawaiian Is. (Rathbun 1906) but no subsequent records are known from the
archipelago.
Taxonomy. Ng (1993)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Subtidal to 78 m.
(*) Palapedia integra (De Haan, 1835)
Cancer (Xantho) integer De Haan, 1835: 66, pl. 18, fig. 6 [type locality: Japan; holotype: RMNH D42201].
Hawaiian Is. record:
Kraussia integra (De Haan, 1835) — Rathbun 1906: 875, pl. 14, fig. 3 [Hawai‘i, Laysan].
Remarks. Recorded once from the Hawaiian Is. (Rathbun 1906) but no subsequent records are known from the
archipelago. Rathbun’s record is also questionable (Sakai 1976: 308, as Kraussia integra).
Taxonomy. Ng (1993)
Geographical distribution. Eastern Indian, western Pacific oceans, Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to 115 m.
Subfamily Liomerinae Sakai, 1976
Genus Liomera Dana, 1851
Liomera bella (Dana, 1852)
Actaeodes bellus Dana, 1852a: 78 [type localities: insulas Samoenses … Wakes; type material presumed lost].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Carpilodes vaillantianus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1862) — Rathbun 1906: 843 [O‘ahu, H. I., Laysan] — Edmondson
1923a: 1552 [Kure Atoll]; 1925: 53 [O‘ahu, Kure Atoll, Pearl and Hermes Reef, Lisianski, Laysan, French
Frigate Shoals, Johnston Atoll]. — Pesta 1933: 280 [H.I.].
Carpilodes bellus (Dana, 1852) — Edmondson 1946: 291, fig. 177f [H.I.]; 1962a: 249, fig. 8f [H.I.]. — Buitendijk
1960: 257, fig. 2b [Hawai‘i].
Liomere [sic] bella (Dana, 1852) — Amerson & Shelton 1976: 76 [Johnston Atoll].
Liomera (Liomera) bella (Dana, 1852): Titgen 1987: 108 [Laysan].
Liomera bella (Dana, 1852) — DeFelice et al. 1998: 16 [Midway Is.]. — Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 1999: 159
[O‘ahu] [also as Carpilodes bellus]; 2002a: 270, 333 [O‘ahu]; 2002b: 138, 224 [O‘ahu]. — Coles et al.
2001: 52 [Johnston Atoll]. — Godwin & Bolick 2006: 39, 49 [Moloka‘i]. — Hoover 2006: 279, color
photograph [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Serène (1984)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal.
Liomera medipacifica (Edmondson, 1951)
Carpilodes medipacificus Edmondson, 1951: 226, fig. 27 [type locality: Pearl and Hermes Reef; holotype: BPBM
S2730].
Additional reference on Hawaiian Is. material:
Carpilodes medipacificus Edmondson, 1951: Edmondson 1962a: 251, fig. 10a [holotype].
Remarks. Described from the Hawaiian Is., and only known by the holotype.
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Taxonomy. Serène (1984), Edmondson (1962a, as Carpilodes medipacificus)
Geographical distribution. Only known from the Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. “Shallow water” (Edmondson 1951)
Liomera pallida (Borradaile, 1900)
Carpiliodes [sic] pallidus Borradaile, 1900: 586, pl. 40, fig. 3 [type locality: Rotuma (Fiji); syntypes: UMZC].
Hawaiian Is. record:
Carpilodes pallidus Borradaile, 1900 — Edmondson 1951: 228, fig. 28 [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Serène (1984)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal to 91 m.
Liomera rubra (A. Milne-Edwards, 1865)
Carpilodes ruber A. Milne-Edwards, 1865: 228, pl. 11, fig. 4, 4a [color], b [type locality: Honolulu; syntypes:
MNHN-B6761].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Carpilodes ruber A. Milne-Edwards, 1865 — Lenz 1901: 464 [O‘ahu]. — Rathbun 1906: 842 [earlier records]. —
Odhner 1925: 23 [O‘ahu, Au‘au Channel east of L na‘i]. — Pesta 1933: 280 [H.I.]. — Edmondson 1946:
291 [O‘ahu]; 1962a: 247, fig. 8c [H.I.].
Carpilodes coccineus Rathbun, 1906: 843, pl. 8, fig. 4 [type locality: Penguin Bank east of Moloka‘i, also from
Moloka‘i, Au‘au Channel east of L na‘i, H.I.; holotype: USNM 29422].
Liomera (Liomera) rubra (A. Milne-Edwards, 1865) — Serène 1984: 65, fig. 26, pl. 6, figs. E, F, pl. 9, fig. F
[syntype]. — Titgen 1987: 108 [Au‘au Channel east of L na‘i].
Liomera rubra (A. Milne-Edwards, 1865) — Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 2002b: 138 [O‘ahu]. — Coles, Reath,
Longenecker, Bolick & Eldredge 2004: 143 [Maui]. — Hoover 2006: 279, color photograph [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Serène (1984)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to 133 m.
Liomera rugata (H. Milne Edwards, 1834)
Zozymus rugata H. Milne Edwards, 1834: 385 [unknown type locality; type material: status and location
unknown].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Carpilodes monticulosus A. Milne-Edwards, 1873 — Lenz 1901: 463 [Laysan]. — Rathbun 1906: 844 [Lenz’
record]. — Edmondson 1925: 53 [O‘ahu, French Frigate Shoals]. — Pesta 1933: 280 [H.I.]. (not
Carpilodes monticulosus A. Milne-Edwards, 1873)
Carpilodes rugatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1834) — Edmondson 1946: 291 [H.I.]; 1962a: 249, fig. 9a [H.I.]. —
Buitendijk 1960: 259 [Hawai‘i]. — Ball 1963: 321 [O‘ahu].
Liomera (Liomera) rugata (H. Milne Edwards, 1834) — Titgen 1987: 108 [H.I.].
Liomera rugata (H. Milne Edwards, 1834) — DeFelice et al. 1998: 16 [Midway Is.]. — Coles, DeFelice &
Eldredge 2002b: 138 [O‘ahu]. — Hoover 2006: 280 [O‘ahu]. — Godwin & Bolick 2006: 39, 49
[Moloka‘i].
Taxonomy. Serène (1984)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal.
Liomera supernodosa (Rathbun, 1906)
Carpilodes supernodosus Rathbun, 1906: 844, fig. 6, pl. 8, fig. 5 [type locality: Laysan, also from “Modu Manu”
(=Moku Manu, or Nihoa); holotype: USNM 29424].
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Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Carpilodes supernodosus (Rathbun, 1906) — Edmondson 1923b: 1552 [Kure Atoll]; 1925: 54 [Kure Atoll, Pearl
and Hermes Reef, Lisianski, Laysan, French Frigate Shoals]; 1946: 291, fig. 178a [H.I.]; 1962a: 248, fig.
8e [H.I., Pearl and Hermes Reef, Laysan]. — Pesta 1933: 280 [H.I.].
Liomera (Liomera) supernodosa (Rathbun, 1906) — Titgen 1987: 108 [Laysan].
Liomera supemodosus [sic] (Rathbun, 1906) — DeFelice et al. 1998: 16 [Midway Is.].
Liomera supernodosa (Rathbun, 1906) — Hoover 2006: 280, color photograph [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Edmondson (1962a, as Carpilodes supernodosus), Serène (1984)
Geographical distribution. Only known form the Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to 56 m.
Liomera tristis (Dana, 1852)
Carpilodes tristis (Dana, 1852a): 77 [type locality: archipelago Puamotensis ? (=Tuamotu Archipelago, French
Polynesia); type material presumed lost].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Carpilodes tristis (Dana, 1852) — Rathbun 1906: 842 [H.I.] — Edmondson 1946: 292 [Rathbun’s record]; 1962a:
248, fig. 8d [Rathbun’s record].
Liomera (Liomera) tristis (Dana, 1852) — Serène 1984: 59, fig. 19, pl. 5, fig. B [H.I.].
Taxonomy. Serène (1984)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal.
Liomera virgata (Rathbun, 1906)
Carpilodes virgatus Rathbun, 1906: 843, pl. 8, fig. 3 [type locality: Moloka‘i, also from Kaua‘i, Au‘au Channel
east of L na‘i; holotype: USNM 29432].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Carpilodes virgatus (Rathbun, 1906) — Edmondson 1946: 291 [H.I.]; 1962a: 251, fig. 9b [O‘ahu].
Liomera (Liomera) virgata (Rathbun, 1906) — Titgen 1987: 108 [Moloka‘i].
Taxonomy. Serène (1984)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Subtidal to bathyal, to 326 m.
Genus Neoliomera Odhner, 1925
Neoliomera pubescens (H. Milne Edwards, 1834)
Zozymus pubescens H. Milne Edwards, 1834: 384 [type locality: Ile-de-France (=Mauritius); holotype: MNHN-
B10037].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Liomera pubescens (H. Milne Edwards, 1834) — Rathbun 1906: 844 [Moloka‘i, Laysan].
Neoliomera pubescens (H. Milne Edwards, 1834) — Edmondson 1946: 292, fig. 178b [H.I.]; 1962a, 252, fig. 9d
[H.I., Pearl and Hermes Reef]. — Sakai 1976: 399, pl. 142, fig. 1 [O‘ahu]. — Hoover 2006: 281, color
photo [O’ahu].
Remarks. Hawaiian specimens identified as N. pubesens represent a distinct, yet undescribed species (P.K.L. Ng,
personal communication).
Taxonomy. Forest & Guinot (1961), Serène (1984)
Geographical distribution. Neoliomera pubescens is found across Indo-West Pacific region; undescribed species
appears to be a Hawaiian endemic.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal
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Neoliomera praetexta (Rathbun, 1906)
Liomera praetexta Rathbun, 1906: 844, fig. 7 [type locality: Au‘au Channel; holotype: USNM 29507].
Additional references on Hawaiian Is. material:
Neoliomera praetexta (Rathbun, 1906) — Edmondson 1946: 292 [Rathbun’s record]; 1962a, 252, fig. 9c
[Rathbun’s record].
Remarks. Recorded once from the Hawaiian Is. (Rathbun 1906) but no subsequent records are known from the
archipelago.
Taxonomy. Edmondson (1962a), Serène (1984)
Geographical distribution. Only known from the Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Subtidal, 53–118m
Neoliomera richtersi (De Man, 1889)
Acteodes richtersii De Man, 1889: 412, pl. 9, fig. 2 [type locality: Tahiti (French Polynesia); type material: status
and location unknown].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Neoliomera richtersi (De Man, 1889) — Edmondson 1946: 292 [Hawai‘i]; 1962a: 252, fig. 9e [Hawai‘i, Pearl and
Hermes Reef].
Remarks. The species was erroneously listed as Neoliomera richteroides Sakai, 1969, by McLaughlin et al.
(2005).
Taxonomy. Guinot (1964a), Serène (1984)
Geographical distribution. Tropical Pacific Ocean
Habitat. Shallow subtidal
Subfamily Polydectinae Dana, 1851
Genus Lybia H. Milne Edwards, 1834
(*) Lybia caestifera (Alcock, 1898)
Melia caestifer Alcock, 1898: 231 [type locality: Ceylon (=Sri Lanka); type material: IM ?].
Hawaiian Is. record:
Lybia caestifera (Alcock, 1898): Rathbun 1906: 866 [Moloka‘i]. — Edmondson 1962a: 303, fig. 32b [Rathbun’s
record].
Remarks. Recorded once from the Hawaiian Is. (Rathbun 1906) but no subsequent records are known from the
archipelago. Hawaiian record is questionable (Guinot 1976: 75).
Taxonomy. Guinot (1976)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Chelipeds adapted to hold sea anemones; shallow subtidal to 90 m.
Lybia edmondsoni Takeda & Miyake, 1970
Lybia edmondsoni Takeda & Miyake, 1970: 12, figs. 1–6 [type locality: O‘ahu, also from Moloka‘i, Pearl and
Hermes Reef; holotype: BPBM S3143].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Lybia tessellata (Latreille, 1812) — Pesta 1933: 282 [H.I.]. (not Grapse tesselatus Latreille in Milbert, 1812)
Lybia tesselata [sic] (Latreille, 1812) — Verrrill 1828: 18, pl. 3, fig. B [H.I.]. — Rathbun 1906: 866 [Laysan,
“Modu Manu” (=Moku Manu, or Nihoa)]. — Edmondson 1923b: 1552 [Kure Atoll]; 1925: 40 [Kure
Atoll, Pearl and Hermes Reef, French Frigate Shoals]; 1946: 302, fig. 181b [H.I.]; 1962a: 216, 303, fig. 33
[H.I.]. — Tinker 1965: 116, pl. 46 [H.I.]. (not Grapse tesselatus Latreille in Milbert, 1812)
Lybia edmondsoni Takeda & Miyake, 1970 — Guinot 1976: 77, figs. 18D, 20I, J, 22E, pl. 2, fig. 7 [O‘ahu, H.I.]. —
Titcomb et al. 1979: 367, fig. 28C [H.I.]. — Guinot et al. 1995: fig. 3A [O‘ahu]. — Karplus et al. 1998:
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287, figs. 1, 3 [O‘ahu]. — Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 2002a: 270, 333 [O‘ahu]. — Godwin & Bolick
2006: 39, 49 [Moloka‘i]. — Hoover 2006: 281, color photograph [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Guinot (1976)
Geographical distribution. Only known from the Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Chelipeds adapted to hold sea anemones (see Karplus et al. 1998); shallow subtidal to 55 m.
Genus Polydectus H. Milne Edwards, 1837
Polydectus cupulifer (Latreille, in Milbert, 1812)
Cancer cupulifer Latreille, in Milbert, 1812: 273 [type locality: Ile-de-France (=Mauritius); type material: status
and location unknown].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Polydectus cupulifer (Latreille, in Milbert, 1812) — Rathbun 1906: 866 [Hawai‘i, Laysan]. — Verrill 1928: 18, pl.
4, fig. A, pl. 5, fig. A [H.I.]. — Edmondson 1946: 33, 301 [H.I.]; 1962a: 216, 304, fig. 34 [H.I.]. — Tinker
1965: 118, pl. 47 [H.I.]. — Guinot et al. 1995: fig. 3B [O‘ahu]. — Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 1999: 160
[O‘ahu]. — Godwin & Bolick 2006: 39, 49 [Moloka‘i]. — Hoover 2006: 39, 282, color photograph
[O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Serène (1984)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal.
Subfamily Xanthinae MacLeay, 1838
Genus Guitonia Garth & Iliffe, 1992
Guitonia leimomi Lasley, Mendoza & Ng, 1010
Guitonia leimomi Lasley, Mendoza & Ng, 1010: 9, figs. 1A, B, 3A, E, F, 4 [type locality: Hawai‘i; holotype: ZRC
2010.0277].
Taxonomy. Lasley et al. (2010)
Geographical distribution. Only known from the Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Underwater caves; 2 9 m.
Genus Jacforus Ng & Clark, 2003
Jacforus cavatus (Rathbun, 1907)
Cycloxanthops cavatus Rathbun, 1907: 41, pl. 5, fig. 8, pl. 6, figs. 3, 3a [type locality: Tuamotu Archipelago
(French Polynesia); holotype: USNM 32848].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Megametope sulcatus Edmondson, 1931: 11, fig. 3e, f, pl. 4, fig. A [type locality: Maui; holotype: BPBM S2588].
Cycloxanthops cavatus Rathbun, 1907 — Edmondson 1946: 288, fig. 176f [O‘ahu, Maui]; 1962a: 233, fig. 5c
[O‘ahu, Maui].
Jacforus cavatus (Rathbun, 1907) — Ng & Clark 2003: 138, figs. 1B, 3 [holotype, O‘ahu]. — Godwin & Bolick
2006: 39, 49 [Moloka‘i].
Taxonomy. Ng & Clark (2003)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal.
Genus Juxtaxanthias Ward, 1942
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Juxtaxanthias intonsus (Randall, 1840)
Xantho intonsus Randall, 1840: 113 [type locality: “Sandwich Islands;” holotype: ANSP CA3109].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Xantho eudora (Herbst, 1801) — Owen 1839: 77 [O‘ahu]. (not Cancer eudora Herbst, 1801)
Xantho intonsus Randall, 1840 —Dana 1852b: 1577 [H.I.].
Lophozozymus intonsus (Randall, 1840) — Rathbun 1906: 846, fig. 8, pl. 8, fig. 8 [H.I.]. — Edmondson 1925: 52
[Laysan, French Frigate Shoals]; 1946: 287, fig. 176e [H.I.]; 1962b: 230, fig. 3e [H.I.]. — Buitendijk
1960: 296 [Hawai‘i, H.I.]. — Titcomb et al. 1979: 367 [H.I.]. — Guinot 1979: 65, pl. 8, fig. 4 [Rathbun’s
plate figure].
Juxtaxanthias intonsus (Randall, 1840) — Titgen 1987: 108, 110, fig. 2 [O‘ahu]. — Hoover 2006: 280, color
photograph [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Serène (1984, as Lophozozymus intonsus), Titgen (1987)
Geographical distribution. Western Pacific, Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal.
Genus Lachnopodus Stimpson, 1858
Lachnopodus bidentatus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1867)
Xantho bidentatus A. Milne-Edwards, 1867: 266 [type locality: îles “Sandwich;” holotype status and location
unknown (see Forest & Guinot 1961), apparent paratypes: MNHN-B2970, 2972].
Additional references on Hawaiian Is. material:
Xantho bidentatus A. Milne-Edwards, 1867 — Rathbun 1906: 847 [A. Milne-Edwards’ record, record erroneously
attributed to Miers].
Lachnopodus bidentatus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1867) — Forest & Guinot 1961: 42, figs. 29, 30, 32 bis, 33a, b, pl. 8
[apparent paratypes].
Lachnopodus subacutus (Stimpson, 1858) — Edmondson 1962a: 255, fig. 10d [A. Milne-Edwards’ record]. (not
Liomera subacuta Stimpson, 1858)
Remarks. Described from the Hawaiian Is. but no subsequent records are known from the archipelago.
Taxonomy. Forest & Guinot (1961)
Geographical distribution. Eastern Indian, western and southeastern Pacific oceans, Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Subtidal
Genus Leptodius A. Milne-Edwards, 1863
Leptodius exaratus (H. Milne Edwards, 1834)
Chlorodius exaratus H. Milne Edwards, 1834: 402 [type locality: India; type material: status and location
unknown].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Chlorodius exaratus H. Milne Edwards, 1834 — Stimpson 1858: 34 [“Hawaii”].
Leptodius exaratus (H. Milne Edwards, 1834) — Rathbun 1906: 847 [O‘ahu, Hawai‘i]. — Edmondson 1923b:
1550 [H.I.]; 1925: 51 [Laysan]; 1962a: 242, fig. 7b [H.I.]. — Titgen 1987: 108 [Hawai‘i].
Xantho (Leptodius) exaratus (H. Milne Edwards, 1834) — Edmondson 1946: 289 [H.I.].
Taxonomy. Buitendijk (1960, as Xantho exaratus), Forest & Guinot (1961), Serène (1984)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal.
Leptodius gracilis (Dana, 1852)
Chlorodius gracilis Dana, 1852a: 79 [typle locality: insulam Wakes; type material presumed lost].
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Hawaiian Is. records:
Leptodius gracilis (Dana, 1852) — Rathbun 1906: 848, pl. 9, fig. 2 [O‘ahu]. — Edmondson 1946: 289 [H.I.];
1962a: 240, fig. 7a [Rathbun’s record]. — Godwin & Bolick 2006: 39, 49 [Moloka‘i].
Xantho gracilis (Dana, 1852) — Buitendijk 1960: 335 [Hawai‘i].
Taxonomy. Forest & Guinot (1961), Serène (1984)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal.
Leptodius nudipes (Dana, 1852)
Chlorodius nudipes Dana, 1852a: 79 [type locality: insulam Mangsi, Balabac (Philippines); type material
presumed lost].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Leptodius nudipes (Dana, 1852) — Rathbun 1906: 848, pl. 9, fig. 3 [H.I.].
Xantho danae Odhner, 1925 — Edmondson 1946: 289 [Rathbun’s record]; 1962a: 237, fig. 6b [Rathbun’s record].
Remarks. Recorded once from the Hawaiian Is. (Rathbun 1906) but no subsequent records are known from the
archipelago.
Taxonomy. Buitendijk (1960, as Xantho danae), Forest & Guinot (1961), Serène (1984)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal.
Leptodius sanguineus (H. Milne Edwards, 1834)
Chlorodius sanguineus H. Milne Edwards, 1834: 402 [type locality: Ile-de-France (=Mauritius); type material:
status and location unknown].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Lagostoma nodosa Randall, 1840: 111 [type material: “Sandwich Islands;” type material: status and location
unknown].
Lagostoma nodosa Randall, 1840 — Gibbes 1850: 175 [“Sandwich Is.”].
Chlorodius sanguineus H. Milne Edwards, 1834 — Dana 1852a: 79 [insulas Hawaienses]; 1952b: 207, pl. 11, fig.
11 [O‘ahu, Maui, Hawai‘i]. — Streets 1877: 105 [H.I.].
Chlorodius nodosus (Randall, 1840) — Dana 1852b: 211, 1577, pl. 11, fig. 14 [“Sandwich Is.”].
Leptodius exaratus var. sanguineus (H. Milne Edwards, 1834) — Lenz 1901: 460 [Moloka‘i].
Leptodius sanguineus (H. Milne Edwards, 1834) — Rathbun 1906: 847 [O‘ahu, Maui, Hawai‘i, Necker]. — Pesta
1933: 280 [H.I]. — Edmondson 1925: 51 [Necker, Johnston Atoll]; 1946: 288, fig. 177a [H.I.]; 1962a:
217, 240, fig. 6e [H.I.]. — Amerson & Shelton 1976: 76 [Johnston Atoll]. — Titgen 1987: 108 [Hawai‘i].
— Coles et al. 1998: 15, 2 [Kaho’olawe]; 2001: 52 [Johnston Atoll]. — Godwin & Bolick 2006: 39, 49
[Moloka‘i].
Xantho sanguineus (H. Milne Edwards, 1834) — Buitendijk 1960: 323 [O‘ahu, Hawai‘i].
Taxonomy. Buitendijk (1960, as Xantho sanguineus), Serène (1984)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal.
Genus Liagore De Haan, 1833
Liagore rubromaculata (De Haan, 1835) was listed as occurring in the Hawaiian Is. by McLaughlin et al. (20005)
although no published, reliable records are known (see Ng & Chen 2004).
Genus Macromedaeus Ward, 1942
Macromedaeus crassimanus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1867)
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Xantho crassimanus A. Milne-Edwards, 1867: 267 [type locality: New Caledonia; type material: status and
location unknown].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Xantho crassimanus A. Milne-Edwards, 1867 — Rathbun 1906: 847 [O‘ahu]. — Edmondson 1923b: 1550 [H.I.];
1925: 51 [O‘ahu, Necker]; 1946: 289, fig. 177b [H.I.]; 1962a: 239, fig. 6c [H.I.]. — Pesta 1933: 280 [H.I.].
— Titcomb et al. 1979: 365 [H.I.].
Macromedaeus crassimanus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1867) — Serène 1984: 179, fig. 103, pl. 25, fig. B [H.I.]. —
Titgen 1987: 108 [H.I.].
Taxonomy. Guinot (1968b), Serène (1984)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal.
Macromedaeus quinquedentatus (Krauss, 1843)
Xantho quinquedentatus Krauss, 1843: 30, pl. 1, fig. 3 [as “5-dentatus”] [type locality: South Africa; type material:
status and location unknown].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Xantho quinquedentatus Krauss, 1843 — Edmondson 1946: 289 [O‘ahu]; 1962a: 239, fig. 6d [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Serène (1984)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal.
Genus Marratha Ng & Clark, 2003
Marratha angusta (Rathbun, 1906)
Cycloxanthops angustus Rathbun, 1906: 849, fig. 13, pl. 9, fig. 6 [type locality: Moloka‘i, also from Au‘au
Channel east of L na‘i; holotype: USNM 29453].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Cycloxanthops angustus Rathbun, 1906 — Edmondson 1962a: 233, fig. 4b–d [O‘ahu, Maui].
Aff. Neoxanthops angustus (Rathbun, 1906) — Serène 1984: 212, fig. 128bis, pl. 29, fig. E [O‘ahu].
Neoxanthops angustus (Rathbun, 1906) — Titgen 1987: 108 [Moloka‘i].
Marratha angusta (Rathbun, 1906) — Ng & Clark 2003: 134, figs. 1A, 2 [type material, O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Ng & Clark (2003)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Subtidal, 18–140 m.
Genus Micropanope Stimpson, 1871
Micropanope sexlobata Rathbun, 1906
Micropanope sexlobata Rathbun, 1906: 856, fig. 18, pl. 9, fig. 13 [type locality: ‘Alenuih h Channel east of Maui,
also from Laysan; holotype: USNM 29529].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Micropanope sexlobata Rathbun, 1906 — Edmondson 1962a: 246 [Rathbun’s record]. — Clarke 1972b, 313
[O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Edmondson (1962a), Guinot (1967a)
Geographical distribution. Only known from the Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Subtidal to bathyal, 89–320 m.
Genus Neoxanthias Ward, 1932
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Neoxanthias lacunosus (Rathbun, 1906)
Xantho lacunosus Rathbun, 1906: 847, fig. 9, pl. 8, fig. 6 [type locality: Au‘au Channel east of L na‘i; holotype:
USNM 29588].
Additional references on Hawaiian Is. material:
Xantho lacunosus Rathbun, 1906 — Edmondson 1946: 289 [Rathbun’s record]; 1962a: 237 [Rathbun’s record].
Remarks. Recorded once from the Hawaiian Is. (Rathbun 1906) but no subsequent records are known from the
archipelago.
Taxonomy. Edmondson (1962a, as Xantho lacunosus), Serène (1984)
Geographical distribution. Only known from the Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Subtidal, 58–118 m.
Genus Paraxanthias Odhner, 1925
Paraxanthias flavescens (Rathbun, 1906)
Xanthias flavescens Rathbun, 1906: 855, fig. 15, pl. 9, fig. 11 [type locality: Laysan, also from ‘Alenuih h
Channel east of Maui; holotype: USNM 29584].
Additional reference on Hawaiian Is. material:
Xanthias flavescens Rathbun, 1906 — Edmondson 1962a: 243 [Rathbun’s record].
Remarks. Recorded once from the Hawaiian Is. (Rathbun 1906) but no subsequent records are known from the
archipelago. The generic placement is questionable (Guinot 1964a).
Taxonomy. Guinot (1964a)
Geographical distribution. Only known from the Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Subtidal to bathyal, 89–320 m
Paraxanthias notatus (Dana, 1852)
Xanthodes notatus Dana, 1852a: 76 [type locality: insulas Paumotenses (=Tuamotu Archipelago, French
Polynesia) vel Tahitienses; quoque insulas Hawaienses; type material presumed lost].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Xanthodes notatus Dana 1852b: 178, pl. 8, fig. 12 [“Sandwich Is.”].
Xanthias notatus (Dana, 1852) — Rathbun 1906: 855 [O‘ahu, Laysan]. — Edmondson 1925: 48 [H.I., Laysan,
French Frigate Shoals]. — Pesta 1933: 280 [H.I.].
Paraxanthias notatus (Dana, 1852) — Edmondson 1946: 291, fig. 177e [H.I.]; 1962a: 246, fig. 8b [H.I.]. — Titgen
1987: 108 [Laysan]. — Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 2002a: 271, 334 [O‘ahu]; 2002b: 140, 224 [O‘ahu].
— DeFelice et al. 2002: 30, 72, French Frigate Shoals]. — Coles, Reath, Longenecker, Bolick & Eldredge
2004: 144 [Hawai‘i]. — Godwin & Bolick 2006: 39, 49 [Moloka‘i].
Taxonomy. Forest & Guinot (1961), Guinot (1968a)
Geographical distribution. Central Indian, western and southeastern Pacific oceans, Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to 35 m.
Paraxanthias pachydactylus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1867)
Xanthodes pachydactylus A. Milne-Edwards, 1867: 268 [type locality: New Caledonia; syntypes: RMNH 596].
Additional Hawaiian Is. record:
Xanthias pachydactylus A. Milne-Edwards, 1867 — DeFelice et al. 2002: 30, 72 [French Frigate Shoals].
Taxonomy. Forest & Guinot (1961)
Geographical distribution. Eastern Indian, southwestern Pacific oceans, Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal.
Genus Xanthias Rathbun, 1897
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Xanthias canaliculatus Rathbun, 1906
Xanthias canaliculatus Rathbun, 1906: 856, fig. 17, pl. 9, fig. 12 [type locality: O‘ahu; holotype: USNM 25343].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Xanthias canaliculatus Rathbun, 1906 — Edmondson 1925: 48 [French Frigate Shoals]; 1946: 291, fig. 177d
[H.I.]; 1962a: 244, fig. 7f [H.I.]. — Pesta 1933: 280 [H.I.]. — Sakai 1939: 466, fig. 31 [H.I.]; 1976: 428,
fig. 225 [H.I.]. — Guinot 1964a: 28, fig. 12 [H.I.]. — Serène 1984: 199, fig. 118, pl. 28, fig. C [O‘ahu]. —
Titgen 1987: 109 [H.I.]. — Coles et al. 1998: 15, 25 [Kaho‘olawe]. — Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 2002a:
271, 334 [O‘ahu]; 2002b: 142 [O‘ahu]. — Coles, Reath, Longenecker, Bolick & Eldredge 2004: 144
[Hawai‘i]. — Godwin & Bolick 2006: 39, 49 [Moloka‘i].
Taxonomy. Serène (1984)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal.
Xanthias glabrous Edmondson, 1951
Xanthias glabrous Edmondson, 1951: 230, figs. 29b, 31 [type locality: O‘ahu; holotype: BPBM S5612].
Additional reference on Hawaiian Is. material:
Xanthias glabrous Edmondson, 1951 — Edmondson 1962a: 245, figs. 4g, 8a [holotype].
Remarks. Described from the Hawaiian Is. but no subsequent records are known from the archipelago.
Taxonomy. Guinot (1964a), Serène (1984)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Subtidal, 12–91 m.
(?) Xanthias oahuensis Edmondson 1951
Xanthias oahuensis Edmondson 1951: 231, figs. 32, 33a [type locality: O‘ahu; holotype: BPBM S 5273].
Additional reference on Hawaiian Is. material:
Xanthias oahuensis Edmondson 1951 — Edmondson 1962a: 243, fig. 7d [holotype].
Remarks. Possibly a junior synonym of Xanthias gilbertensis Balss, 1938 (Takeda & Miyake 1968; Serène 1984).
Only known from the holotype.
Taxonomy. Serène (1984)
Geographical distribution. Only known from the Hawaiian Is.; X. gilbertensis is known throughout the Indo-
West Pacific region (Serène 1984).
Habitat. Shallow subtidal.
Xanthias lamarckii (H. Milne Edwards, 1834)
Xantho Lamarckii H. Milne Edwards, 1834: 391 [type locality: Ile-de-France (=Mauritius); type material: status
and location unknown].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Xanthias lamarckii (H. Milne Edwards, 1834) — Rathbun 1906: 854 [H.I.]. — Edmondson 1946: 291 [Rathbun’s
record]; 1962a: 243, fig. 7c [Rathbun’s record]. — Coles, Reath, Longenecker, Bolick & Eldredge 2004:
144 [Moloka‘i, Maui].
Taxonomy. Serène (1984, as Xanthias lamarcki)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal.
Xanthias latifrons (De Man, 1887)
Panopeus latifrons De Man, 1887: 265, pl. 9, fig. 4 [type locality: Ambon (Indonesia); type material: status and
location unknown].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Xanthias minutus Rathbun, 1894: 238 [type locality: Kaiwi Channel east of O‘ahu; holotype: USNM 17517].
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Xanthias minutus Rathbun, 1894 — Rathbun 1906: 855, fig. 16, pl. 9, fig. 14 [holotype, ‘Alenuih h Channel east
of Maui, “Modu Manu” (=Moku Manu, or Nihoa)].
Xanthias latifrons (De Man, 1887) — Edmondson 1962a: 244, fig. 7e [Kaua‘i, O‘ahu]. — Coles, DeFelice &
Eldredge 2002a: 272, 334 [O‘ahu]; 2002b: 142 [O‘ahu]. — Coles, Reath, Longenecker, Bolick &
Eldredge 2004: 144 [Maui] — Hoover 2006: 283, color photograph [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Serène (1984)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to 91 m.
Subfamily Zalasiinae Serène, 1968
Genus Banareia A. Milne-Edwards, 1869
Banareia banareias (Rathbun, 1911)
Actaea banareias Rathbun, 1911: 223, pl. 18, figs. 7, 8 [type locality: Chagos Archipelago (central Indian Ocean);
syntypes: UMZC].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Actaea banareias Rathbun, 1911 — Edmondson 1962a: 263, fig. 15a–c [O‘ahu]. — Coles, Reath, Longenecker,
Bolick & Eldredge 2004: 142 [Kaua‘i].
Banareia banareias Rathbun, 1911 — Guinot 1976: 169, fig. 32D, E, pl. 8, figs. 1–5 [O‘ahu]. — Serène 1984: 44,
fig. 13, pl. 3, fig. F [O‘ahu].
Remarks. The species was listed as Actaea banarensis [sic] in McLaughlin et al. (2005).
Taxonomy. Guinot (1976), Serène (1984).
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to at least 5 m.
Banareia parvula (Krauss, 1843)
Menippe parvulus Krauss, 1843: 34, pl. 2, fig. 2 [type locality: South Africa; type material: status and location
unknown].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Actaea parvula (Krauss, 1843) — Edmondson 1946: 294 [O‘ahu, Laysan]; 1962a: 260, figs. 11f, 14a [H.I.].
Taxonomy. Guinot (1976, as Banareia (?) parvula), Serène (1984)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal.
Banareia villosa Rathbun, 1906
Banareia villosa Rathbun, 1906: 854, fig. 14, pl. 9, fig. 15 [type locality: Laysan; holotype: USNM 29411].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Banareia villosa Rathbun, 1906 — Pesta 1933: 280 [H.I.]. — Edmondson 1946: 294 [Rathbun’s record].
Actaea (Banareia) villosa (Rathbun, 1906) — Edmondson 1962a: 262 [Rathbun’s record].
Remarks. Described from the Hawaiian Is. and listed by Pesta (1933) but no subsequent records are known from
the archipelago.
Taxonomy. Guinot (1976)
Geographical distribution. Only known from the Hawaiian Is. The questionably identified southeastern
Australian population (Guinot 1976, Davie 2002) represents a new species (S. Ahyong, personal communication).
Habitat. Subtidal to bathyal, 104–236 m.
Subfamily Zosiminae Alcock, 1898
Genus Atergatis De Haan, 1835
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Atergatis floridus (Linnaeus, 1767)
Cancer floridus Linnaeus, 1767: 1041 [type locality: Carolina, Asia; type material: status and location unknown].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Atergatis ocyroe (Herbst, 1801) — Rathbun 1906: 845 [O‘ahu]. (not Cancer ocyroe Herbst, 1801) (see Ng et al.
2008: 209, note 26).
Atergatis floridus (Linnaeus, 1767) — Edmondson 1946: 286 [Rathbun’s record]; 1962a: 224, fig. 1c [Rathbun’s
record].
Remarks. Recorded once from the Hawaiian Is. (Rathbun 1906) but no subsequent records are known from the
archipelago.
Taxonomy. Ng & Davie (2007)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to at least 15 m.
Genus Atergatopsis A. Milne-Edwards, 1862
(I) Atergatopsis immigrans (Edmondson, 1962)
Neoliomera immigrans Edmondson, 1962a: 253, figs. 9f, 10b, c [type locality: O‘ahu; holotype: BPBM S5625;
paratype USNM 5625].
Remarks. Only known from two specimens collected on a barge towed from Guam (Edmondson 1962a). Its
taxonomic status is in need of revision (see Carlton & Eldredge 2009).
Taxonomy. Edmondson (1962a), Guinot (1969b)
Geographical distribution. An apparent accidentally introduced, non-established species in the Hawaiian Is.,
although not known from any other locations.
Habitat. Unknown
Genus Lophozozymus A. Milne-Edwards, 1863
Lophozozymus dodone (Herbst, 1801)
Cancer dodone Herbst, 1801: 37, pl. 52, fig. 5 [type locality: Ostindien; holotype: ZMB Herbst 2274].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Lophozozymus dodone (Herbst, 1801) — Rathbun 1906: 846, pl. 8, figs. 2, 2a [O‘ahu, Laysan]. — Edmondson
1923b: 1552 [Kure Atoll]; 1925: 52 [Kure Atoll, Pearl and Hermes Reef, Lisianski, Laysan, French
Frigate Shoals, Johnston Atoll]; 1946: 287 [H.I.]; 1962a: 230, fig. 3f [H.I.]. — Pesta 1933: 280 [H.I.]. —
Buitendijk 1960: 294 [Hawai‘i]. — Amerson & Shelton 1976: 76 [Johnston Atoll]. — Titgen 1987: 108
[O‘ahu]. — Godwin & Bolick 2006: 39, 49 [Moloka‘i].
? Lophozozymus dodone (Herbst, 1801) — Coles et al. 2001: 52 [Johnston Atoll].
Taxonomy. Guinot (1979), Serène (1984)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal.
Lophozozymus incisus (H. Milne Edwards, 1834)
Xantho incisus H. Milne Edwards, 1834: 397 [type locality: Australasie; holotype: MNHN-B2896].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Lophozozymus incisus (H. Milne Edwards, 1834) — Lenz 1901: 461 [Laysan]. — Rathbun 1906: 846 [Lenz’
record]. — Edmondson 1946: 288 [Lenz’ record]; 1962a: 231, figs. 4a, 5a [Lenz’ record].
Remarks. Recorded once from the Hawaiian Is. (Lenz 1901) but no subsequent records are known from the
archipelago.
Taxonomy. Ng & Chia (1997)
Geographical distribution. Western Pacific Ocean, Hawaiian Is.
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Habitat. Shallow subtidal.
Lophozozymus pulchellus A. Milne-Edwards, 1867
Lophozozymus pulchellus A. Milne-Edwards, 1867: 273 [type locality: New Caledonia; possible type material:
MNHN-B2640].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Lophozozymus pulchellus A. Milne-Edwards, 1867 — Edmondson 1925: 52 [Lisianski, Laysan, French Frigate
Shoals]; 1946: 287 [H.I.]; 1962a: 232, fig. 5b [O‘ahu]. — Buitendijk 1960: 299 [Hawai‘i]. — Coles,
DeFelice & Eldredge 2002a: 270, 333 [O‘ahu]. — Godwin & Bolick 2006: 39, 49 [Moloka‘i].
Taxonomy. Guinot (1979), Serène (1984)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal to 120 m.
Genus Platypodia Bell, 1835
Platypodia eydouxi (A. Milne-Edwards, 1865)
Lophactaea eydouxii A. Milne-Edwards, 1865: 248, pl. 16, fig. 2, 2b [type locality: îles “Sandwich;” type material:
status and location unknown].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Lophactaea eydouxi A. Milne-Edwards, 1865 — Lenz 1901: 463 [Laysan].
? Atergatis limbatus Streets, 1877: 105 [type locality: Hawaiian Is.; type material: status and location unknown (see
Ng et al. 2008: 210, note 28)].
Platypodia eydouxii (A. Milne-Edwards, 1865) — Rathbun 1906: 845 [O‘ahu, Hawai‘i, H.I.]. — Edmondson
1925: 52 [Lisianski, Laysan, Johnston Atoll]; 1946: 286, fig. 176c [H.I.]; 1962a: 229, fig. 3c [H.I.]. —
Buitendijk 1941: 303, fig. 3a [O‘ahu, Hawai‘i, H.I.]. — Amerson & Shelton 1976: 76 [Johnston Atoll]. —
Titgen 1987: 108 [O‘ahu]. — Coles et al. 1997: C–80 [O‘ahu]. — DeFelice et al. 1998: 16 [Midway Is.].
— Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 2002a: 271, 334 [O‘ahu]; 2002b: 141, 224 [O‘ahu]. — Coles, Reath,
Longenecker, Bolick & Eldredge 2004: 144 [Maui]. — Godwin & Bolick 2006: 39, 49 [Moloka‘i]. —
Hoover 2006: 282, color photograph [O‘ahu].
Platypodia eyduxii [sic] (A. Milne-Edwards, 1865) — Pesta 1933: 280 [H.I.].
Taxonomy. Serène (1984), Ng et al. (2008)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal.
Platypodia granulosa (Rüppell, 1830)
Xantho granulosus Rüppell, 1830: 24, pl. 5, fig. 3, pl. 6, fig. 18 [type locality: Red Sea; syntypes: SMF].
Hawaiian Is. records:
? Atergatis limbatus Streets, 1877: 105 [type locality: “Hawaiian Is.;” type material: status and location unknown
(see Ng et al. 2008: 210, note 28)].
Platypodia granulosa (Rüppell, 1830) — Randall 1840: 111 [“Sandwich Is.”]. — Rathbun 1906: 845 [earlier
records]. — Sakai 1939: 452, pl. 89, fig. 3 [as P. granulosus] [H.I.]. — Edmondson 1946: 286 [earlier
records]; 1962a: 226, fig. 2b [earlier records]. — Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 1999: 160 [O‘ahu].
Lophactaea granulosa (Rüppell, 1830) — Miers 1886: 114 [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Serène (1984), Ng et al. (2008)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal.
Platypodia semigranosa (Heller, 1861)
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Atergatis semigranosa Heller, 1861: 6 [type locality: Red Sea; type material presumed lost: not in NHMW].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Platypodia semigranosa (Heller, 1861) — Rathbun 1906: 845 [Penguin Bank east of Moloka‘i, Moloka‘i, Au‘au
Channel east of L na‘i, Hawai‘i, Laysan, “Modu Manu” (=Moku Manu, or Nihoa)]. — Edmondson 1946:
286 [H.I.]; 1962a: 227, fig. 3a [H.I.]. — Titgen 1987: 108 [H.I.]. — DeFelice et al. 1998: 16 [Midway Is.].
— Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 1999: 160 [O‘ahu]; 2002a: 271, 334 [O‘ahu]; 2002b: 141 [O‘ahu]. —
Coles et al. 2001: 53 [Johnston Atoll]. — Coles, Reath, Longenecker, Bolick & Eldredge 2004: 144
[Kaua‘i, Hawai‘i]. — Coles et al. 2008: 63, 69 [O‘ahu, Moloka‘i]. — Coles & Swenson 2010: 87 [O‘ahu,
Moloka‘i].
Taxonomy. Serène (1984)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal to 133 m.
Genus Zosimus Leach, 1818
Zosimus actaeoides (A. Milne-Edwards, 1867)
Lophozozymus actœoides A. Milne-Edwards, 1867: 273 [type locality: New Caledonia; type material: status and
location unknown].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Lophaactaea [sic] actaeoides (A. Milne-Edwards, 1867) — Schauinsland 1899: 92 [Laysan]. — Lenz 1901: 462
[Laysan].
Platypodia actoeoides (A. Milne-Edwards, 1867) — Rathbun 1906: 846 [Lenz’ record]. — Edmondson 1925: 53
[O‘ahu, Moloka‘i, Kure Atoll, Pearl and Hermes Reef, Laysan, French Frigate Shoals]; 1946: 287 [O‘ahu,
Moloka‘i, N.W.I.]; 1962a: 227, fig. 3b [H.I.]. — DeFelice et al. 1998: 16 [Midway Is.].
Platypodia actoeides [sic] (A. Milne-Edwards, 1867) — Edmondson 1923b: 1552 [Kure Atoll].
Platypodia actaeoides (A. Milne-Edwards, 1867) — Pesta 1933: 280 [H.I.].
Remarks. A. Milne-Edwards (1867: 273) spelled the name of his new species as “actœoides,” clearly alluding to
the appearance of the new species to species of Actaea. For pronunciation reasons, Actaea is sometimes written as
“Actœa” in classical texts, which was exactly how A. Milne Edwards (1867: 273) spelled this name when
discussing the new species. As such, subsequent authors have generally spelled the species name as “actaeoides”
(e.g., Serène 1984; Ng et al. 2008; some of the authors listed above). Serène (1968: 73), however, spelled it
incorrectly as “Platypodia acteoides” and Edmondson (1923b: 1552) as “Platypodia actoeides.” Article 58.1 of the
Code actually states that in such a case, i.e. with “oe” versus “ae,” both spellings are to be regarded as identical. In
any case, Article 33.3.1 allows for the retention of what is deemed as incorrect spellings in prevailing usage,
“actaeoides”in this case. Consdering both articles and acting as first revisor, it is opted to retain the spelling
“actaeoides” for this species.
Taxonomy. Edmondson (1962a, as Platypodia actoeoides), Ng et al. (2008)
Geographical distribution. Western Pacific Ocean, Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal.
Zosimus aeneus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Cancer aeneus Linnaeus, 1758: 630 [type locality: India; type material: status and location unknown].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Zosimus aeneus (Linnaeus, 1758) — Rathbun 1906: 846 [O‘ahu].
Zozymus [sic] aeneus (Linnaeus, 1758) — Edmondson 1946: 286 [Rathbun’s record]; 1962a: 225, fig. 2a
[Rathbun’s record].
Remarks. Recorded once from the Hawaiian Is. (Rathbun 1906) but no subsequent records are known from the
archipelago.
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Taxonomy. Serène (1984), Ng et al. (2008)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal.
Zosimus hawaiiensis (Rathbun, 1906)
Actaea hawaiiensis Rathbun, 1906: 853, pl. 9, fig. 9 [type locality: “Hawaiian Islands;” holotype: USNM 30523].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Platypodia fissa (Henderson, 1893) — Edmondson 1946: 287, fig. 176d [H.I.]. (not Laphactaea fissa Henderson,
1893)
Platypodia hawaiiensis (Rathbun, 1906) —Edmondson 1962a: 229, fig. 3d [O‘ahu]. — Godwin & Bolick 2006:
39, 49 [Moloka‘i].
Remarks. Actaea hawaiiensis Rathbun, 1906, is clearly distinct from Platypodia fissa (Henderson, 1893) (see Ng
et al. 2008: 210, note 27)
Taxonomy. Guinot (1971), Davie (2002)
Geographical distribution. Only known from the Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Shallow subtidal.
SUBSECTION THORACOTREMATA Guinot, 1977
SUPERFAMILY CRYPTOCHIROIDEA Paul'son, 1875
Family Cryptochiridae Paul'son, 1875
Genus Cryptochirus Heller, 1861
(J) Cryptochirus coralliodytes Heller, 1861
Cryptochirus coralliodytes Heller, 1861: 19 [type locality: Red Sea; lectotype: NHMW 10052; paralectotpe:
MNHN-B19863].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Cryptochirus coralliodytes Heller, 1861 — Coles et al. 2001: 53 [Johnston Atoll].
Taxonomy. Fize & Serène (1957), Kropp (1988)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region. Known from Johnston Atoll, but not from the
Hawaiian Is., even if listed among the Hawaiian species by Sakai (1976) and McLaughlin et al. (2005).
Habitat. Forms cavities, round at the surface, in scleractinian reef corals (Faviidae); shallow subtidal, 1–30 m.
Genus Hapalocarcinus Stimpson, 1859
Hapalocarcinus marsupialis Stimpson, 1859
Hapalocarcinus marsupialis Stimpson, 1859: 412 [type locality: Hawai‘i; type material: status and location
unknown].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Hapalocarcinus marsupialis Stimpson, 1859 — Verrill 1867: 126 [“Sandwich Is.”]. — Rathbun 1906: 892
[Hawai‘i]; 1937: 259, fig. 46 [O‘ahu, Moloka‘i, Hawai‘i]. — Stimpson 1907: 170, pl. 14, fig. 8 [Hawai‘i].
— Edmondson 1925: 32 [H.I., Laysan, Johnston Atoll]; 1933: 16, fig. 6b, d [larva]; 1946: 39, 272, fig. 169
[H.I.]. — MacNamee 1961: 1, figs 1–78 [O‘ahu]. — Barry 1965: 23 [O‘ahu]. — Reed 1971: 43 [O‘ahu].
— Amerson & Shelton 1976: 76 [Johnston Atoll]. — Gore et al. 1983: 141, figs. 2, 3 [larvae] [O‘ahu]. —
Coles 1986: 310, 312 [H.I.]. — Coles et al. 1997: C–73 [O‘ahu]. — Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 1999:
155 [O‘ahu]; 2002a: 265, 333 [O‘ahu]. — Coles, Eldredge, Kandel, Reath & Longenecker 2004: 62
[O‘ahu, Moloka‘i, Maui, Hawai‘i]. — Coles, Reath, Longenecker, Bolick & Eldredge 2004: 137 [Kaua‘i].
— Hoover 2006: 50, 289, color photograph [O‘ahu].
Remarks. Species represents a complex of several species (G. Paulay, personal communication).
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Taxonomy. Fize & Serène (1957), Kropp (1990)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific and Tropical Eastern Pacific regions.
Habitat. Forms galls in branching scleractinian reef corals (Pocillopora and other pocilloporids); shallow subtidal,
1–27 m.
Genus Opecarcinus Kropp & Manning, 1987
Opecarcinus crescentus (Edmondson, 1925)
Cryptochirus crescentus Edmondson, 1925: 33, fig. 6, pl. 1B, C [type locality: Johnston Atoll, also from Moloka‘i;
holotype: BPBM S1805].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Cryptochirus crescentus Edmondson, 1925 — Edmondson 1933: 16 [Moloka‘i record]; 1946: 43, 273 [H.I.].
Troglocarcinus (Troglocarcinus) crescentus (Edmondson, 1925) — Serène 1962: 32 [Johnston Atoll].
Pseudocryptochirus crescentus (Edmondson, 1925) — Amerson & Shelton 1976: 76 [Johnston Atoll].
Opecarcinus crescentus (Edmondson, 1925) — Kropp 1989: 99, figs. 1, 2 [holotype, O‘ahu]; 1990: 435 [holotype].
Taxonomy. Kropp (1989, 1990)
Geographical distribution. Western Pacific Ocean, Hawaiian Is., Johnston Atoll; Baja California, Mexico
(Tropical Eastern Pacific region)
Habitat. Forms crescent-shaped cavities in scleractininan reef corals (mostly Pavona); shallow subtidal to 14 m.
Genus Pelycomaia Kropp, 1990
Pelycomaia minuta (Edmondson, 1933)
Cryptochirus minutus Edmondson, 1933: 12, fig. 4, 6a, c [larva] pl. 3, figs. E, F [type locality: O‘ahu; holotype:
BPBM S3671].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Cryptochirus minutus Edmondson, 1933 — Edmondson 1946: 44, 273 [H.I.]. — Coles 1986: 310, 315 [H.I.].
Troglocarcinus (Favicola) minutus (Edmondson, 1933) — Fize & Serène 1957: 106, figs. 27F, 28C, pl. 5, fig. 11,
pl. 10, fig. G, pl. 16, figs. H–L. [H.I.]. — Serène 1962: 34, figs. 1b, 2b, 5D, d [O‘ahu].
Pelycomaia minuta (Edmondson, 1933) — Kropp 1990: 437, fig. 10 [holotype].
Taxonomy. Kropp (1990)
Geographical distribution. Western Pacific Ocean, Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Forms cavities, round at the surface, in scleractinian reef corals (Faviidae); shallow subtidal.
Genus Utinomiella Kropp & Takeda, 1988
Utinomiella dimorpha (Henderson, 1906)
Cryptochirus dimorphus Henderson, 1906: 214, pl. 8 [type locality: Andaman Is.; type material: IM ?].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Pseudocryptochirus kahe McCain & Coles, 1979: 81, figs. 1, 2, pl. 1 [type locality: O‘ahu; holotype: BPBM
S8512].
Utinomia dimorpha (Henderson, 1906) — Takeda & Tamura 1981: 23, fig. 3, pl. 4 [O‘ahu].
Pseudocryptochirus kahe McCain & Coles, 1979 — Coles 1986: 310, 312 [H.I.]. — Hoover 2006: 289, color
photograph [O‘ahu].
Utinomiella dimorpha (Henderson, 1906) — Kropp 1990: 443, fig. 14 [holotype of P. kahe].
Taxonomy. Takeda & Tamura (1981, as Utinomia dimorpha), Kropp (1990)
Geographical distribution. Eastern Indian and western Pacific oceans, Hawaiian Is.
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CATALOG OF HAWAIIAN CRABS
Habitat. Forms cavities, round at the surface, in scleractinian reef corals (Pocilloporidae); shallow subtidal, 1–29
m.
SUPERFAMILY GRAPSOIDEA MacLeay, 1838
Family Gecarcinidae MacLeay, 1838
Rathbun (1906: 838) listed two specimens of Discoplax rotunda (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) (as Cardisoma
rotundum) collected in Oahu in 1864 and deposited in MCZ (lot 5769). No additional Hawaiian Is. records of
gecarcinid land crabs exist [see Edmondson (1962b), who lists Rathbun’s record as C. hirtipes Dana, 1852, a
distinct species] so it appears that the two specimens examined by Rathbun were possibly erroneously labeled.
Discoplax rotunda occurs in other Pacific islands, including the Line Is., but there are no known subsequent
records from the Hawaiian Is. Both D. hirtipes and D. rotunda were nevertheless listed as occurring in the
archipelago by Sakai (1976, both as species of Cardisoma) and D. rotunda questionably by McLaughlin et al.
(2005). P.K.L. Ng (personal communication) agrees that these records are “almost certainly [the result of]
mislabeling.” Paulay & Starmer (2011) similarly concluded that the MCZ lot most probably did not originate in the
Hawaiian Is. Discoplax was reviewed by Ng & Guinot (2001).
Family Grapsidae MacLeay, 1838
Genus Geograpsus Stimpson, 1858
Geograpsus lividus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837), from the Tropical Eastern Pacific region and western and eastern
Atlantic Ocean, was once recorded from the Hawaiian Is. based on two specimens deposited in MCZ (Rathbun
1906: 839; see Edmondson 1959: 162). The record may have been the result of mislabeled specimens.
Geograpsus severnsi Paulay & Starmer, 2011, endemic to the Hawaiian Is., is now extinct (Paulay &
Starmer 2011).
Geograpsus crinipes (Dana, 1851)
Grapsus crinipes Dana, 1851b: 249 [type locality: insulas ‘Sandwich;’ type material presumed lost].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Grapsus crinipes Dana, 1851 — Dana 1852b: 341, pl. 21, fig. 6 [“Sandwich Is.”].
Geograpsus crinipes (Dana, 1851) — Kingsley 1880b: 196 [“Sandwich Is.”]. — Rathbun 1906: 839 [O‘ahu, H.I.].
— Edmondson 1946: 304 [H.I.]; 1959: 162, figs. 4a, 5a [H.I.]. — Titcomb et al. 1979: 364 [H.I.]. —
Godwin & Bolick 2006: 38 [Moloka‘i].
Taxonomy. Banerjee (1960)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Hard-substrate supratidal and land.
Genus Grapsus Lamarck, 1801
Grapsus albolineatus Lamarck, 1818
Grapsus albo-lineatus Lamarck, 1818: 249 [type locality: Île de France (=Mauritius); type material: status and
location unknown].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Grapsus strigosus (Herbst, 1799) — Kingsley 1880b: 194 [“Sandwich Is.”]. — Cano 1889b: 236 [O‘ahu]. —
Rathbun 1906: 838 [O‘ahu]. — Edmondson 1925: 55 [Johnston Atoll]; 1946: 304 [H.I.]; 1959: 160, figs.
1b, 3c, d [O‘ahu, Johnston Atoll). — Amerson & Shelton 1976: 76 [Johnston Atoll].
Taxonomy. Banerjee (1960), Ng et al. (2008)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Hard-substrate intertidal to supratidal.
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Grapsus longitarsis Dana, 1851
Grapsus longitarsis Dana, 1851b: 249 [type locality: archipelagine ‘Paumotu’ (=Tuamotu Archipelago, French
Polynesia); type material presumed lost].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Grapsus subquadratus Stimpson, 1858b: 103 [type locality: insulas Hawaienses; type material presumed lost].
Grapsus strigosus longitarsis Dana, 1851 — Rathbun 1906: 838, fig. 4, pl. 8, fig. 1 [Maui, H.I.].
Grapsus subquadratus Stimpson, 1858 — Stimpson 1907: 119 [Hawai‘i].
Grapsus longitarsus [sic] Dana, 1851 — Pesta 1933: 281 [H.I.]. — Edmondson 1925: 55 [H.I.].
Grapsus longitarsis Dana, 1851 — Edmondson 1946: 304 [H.I.]; 1959: 161, figs. 1c, 3e, f [O‘ahu, Moloka‘i, Maui,
Hawai‘i].
Taxonomy. Banerjee (1960)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Hard-substrate intertidal to supratidal pools.
Grapsus tenuicrustatus (Herbst, 1783)
Cancer tenuicrustatus Herbst, 1783: 113, pl. 3, figs. 33, 34 [color] [unknown type locality; type material presumed
lost (see K. Sakai 1999)].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Grapsus pictus Lamarck, 1801 — H. Milne Edwards 1837: 86 [îles “Sandwich”]. (not Grapsus pictus Lamarck,
1801 = Cancer grapsus Linnaeus, 1758)
Grapse plissé H. Milne Edwards, 1837 [unavailable name]: 87 [type locality: îles “Sandwich;” type material
presumed lost: not in MNHN].
Grapsus hirtus Randall, 1840: 124 [type locality: “Sandwich Is.;” holotype: ANSP CA2805].
Grapsus hirtus Randall, 1840 — Gibbes 1850: 181 [“Sandwich Is.”].
? Grapsus pictus Lamarck, 1801 — Dana 1852b: 336, pl. 21, fig. 1 [“Sandwich Is.”].
Grapsus rudis H. Milne Edwards, 1853: 168 [type locality: Iles “Sandwich;” holotype: MNHN-B10875].
Grapsus maculatus var. tenuicrustatus (Herbst, 1783) — Kingsley 1880b: 193 [“Hawaian [sic] Is.,” G. hirtus
holotype].
Grapsus maculatus H. Milne Edwards, 1853 — Schauinsland 1899: 92 [Laysan]. (not Grapsus maculatus H. Milne
Edwards, 1853 = Cancer grapsus Linnaeus, 1758)
Grapsus grapsus (Linnaeus, 1758) — Lenz 1901: 471 [O‘ahu, Laysan]. — Sather 1969: 371 [O‘ahu]. — Coles,
DeFelice & Eldredge 2002a: 266, 333 [O‘ahu]. (not Cancer grapsus Linnaeus, 1758)
Grapsus grapsus tenuicrustatus (Herbst, 1783) — Rathbun 1906: 838 [Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, L na‘i, Hawai‘i, Laysan,
Necker]. — Edmondson 1925: 54 [Laysan, Gardner Pinnacles, Necker, Nihoa, Johnston Atoll]; 1946: 304,
fig. 183d [H.I.]; 1959: 158, figs. 1a, 2 [H.I.]. — Tinker 1965: 124, pl. 50 [H.I.].
Grapsus tenuicrustatus (Herbst, 1783) — Amerson & Shelton 1976: 76 [Johnston Atoll]. — Titcomb et al. 1979:
362, fig. 28A [H.I.]. — Coles, Reath, Longenecker, Bolick & Eldredge 2004: 138 [Maui]. — Godwin &
Bolick 2006: 16, 17, 18, 38 [Moloka‘i]. — Hoover 2006: 285, color photograph [O‘ahu]. — Coles et al.
2009: 78 [O‘ahu].
Grapsus tenucrustatus [sic] (Herbst, 1783) — Lobel 2003: 58, unnumb. fig. [color] [Johnston Atoll].
Taxonomy. Banerjee (1960), Crosnier (1965)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Rocky shore intertidal and supratidal.
Genus Metopograpsus H. Milne Edwards, 1853
(?) Metopograpsus messor (Forskål, 1775)
Cancer messor Forskål, 1775: 88 [type locality: Red Sea; type material presumed lost].
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CATALOG OF HAWAIIAN CRABS
Hawaiian Is. records:
Pachygrapsus parallelus Randall, 1840: 127 (part ?) [type locality: mouth of the Columbia River (west coast of
U.S.) and “Sandwich Is.;” holotype, apparent paratypes: ANSP CA3545].
? Metopograpsus messor (Forskål, 1775) — Streets 1877: 114 [H.I.]. — Kingsley 1880b: 190 [“Sandwich Is.”]. —
Rathbun 1906: 839 [Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, Maui, Hawai‘i, H.I.]. — Edmondson 1923b: 1549 [O‘ahu, Hawai‘i];
1925: 55 [O‘ahu]; 1946: 304, fig. 183b [H.I.]. — Pesta 1930: 281 [H.I.]. — Kamemoto & Kato 1969: 232
[O‘ahu]. — Sather 1969: 371 [O‘ahu]. — Titcomb et al. 1979: 364, 366 [H.I.]. — Godwin & Bolick 2006:
38 [Moloka‘i]. — Coles et al. 2009: 73, 168 [O‘ahu].
? Metograpsus [sic] messor (Forskål, 1775) — Cano 1889b: 236 [O‘ahu].
? Metopograpsis [sic] messor (Forskål, 1775) — Walsh 1967: 425 [O‘ahu].
Remarks. The Hawaiian Is. records most probably belong, at least in part, to M. thukuhar (Owen, 1839). The type
material of Metopograpsus messor var. frontalis Miers, 1880 (Miers 1880: 311; lectotype: NHM) is from Sulawesi,
not from Hawai‘i, as implied by Rathbun (1906: 839).
Taxonomy. Crosnier (1965), Paulay (2007)
Geographical distribution. Western Indian Ocean (see Paulay 2007).
Habitat. Rocky and muddy supratidal.
(I) Metopograpsus oceanicus (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1846)
Grapsus oceanicus Hombron & Jacquinot, 1846: 73, pl. 6, figs. 9, I [color] [type locality: Poulo-Han (= Hon I.,
Papua New Guinea); male lectotype selected by R. Cleva and D. Guinot, 01.28.2008, cl 32 mm, cw 38
mm; male paralectotype, cl 23 mm, cw 27 mm (MNHN-B10992)].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Metopograpsus oceanicus (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1846) — Paulay 2007: 297, fig. 1A, B, C, E, F [O‘ahu].
Remarks. Introduced to the Hawaiian Is. (Paulay 2007; Carlton & Eldredge 2009; Brockerhoff & McLay 2011).
Taxonomy. Paulay (2007)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Supratidal.
Metopograpsus thukuhar (Owen, 1839)
Grapsus thukuhar Owen, 1839: 80, pl. 24, figs. 3, 3a [type locality: O‘ahu; type material: destroyed (Crane 1975:
324)].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Pachygrapsus parallelus Randall, 1840: 127 (part ?) [type locality: “mouth of the Columbia River and Sandwich
Is.;” holotype, apparent paratypes: ANSP CA3545].
Gonigrapsus thukujar [sic] Owen, 1839 — Dana 1852b: 344 [“Sandwich Is.”].
Metopograpsus eydouxi H. Milne Edwards, 1853: 165 [type locality: Iles “Sandwich;” holotype: MNHN-B3547].
Metopograpsus thukuhar (Owen, 1839) — H. Milne Edwards 1853: 165 [O‘ahu]. — Stimpson 1858b: 101
[Hawai‘i]; 1907: 114 [H.I.]. — Streets 1877: 114 [H.I.]. — Lenz 1901: 470 [O‘ahu]. — Edmondson 1959:
166, figs. 6b, 7b [O‘ahu, H.I.]. — Banerjee 1960: 186, fig. 6f, g [Hawai‘i, H.I.]. — Forest & Guinot 1961:
155, figs. 162, 167 [holotype of M. eydouxi H. Milne Edwards, 1853]. — Maciolek & Timbol 1981: 718
[O‘ahu]. — Coles et al. 1997: C–73 [O‘ahu]. — Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 1999: 155 [O‘ahu]; 2002b:
223 [O‘ahu]. — Coles, Reath, Longenecker, Bolick & Eldredge 2004: 138 [Maui]. — Godwin & Bolick
2006: 38 [Moloka‘i]. — Paulay 2007: 297, fig. 1D [O‘ahu]. — Coles et al. 2009: 78, 168 [O‘ahu].
Metopograpsus messor (Forskål, 1775) — Edmondson 1959: 166, figs. 6b, 7b [O‘ahu [H.I.].
Remarks. Hawaiian Is. records of Metopograpsus messor (Forskål, 1775) most probably represent M. thukuhar
(see above).
Taxonomy. Banerjee (1960), Forest & Guinot (1961, as M. thukuar [sic]), Crosnier (1965), Paulay (2007)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
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Habitat. Rocky and muddy supratidal.
Genus Pachygrapsus Randall, 1840
The description of Pachygrapsus crassipes Randall, 1840, gives the Hawaiian Is. as the type locality, but this
species, only known from the northwestern and northeastern Pacific and from the Tropical Eastern Pacific region,
has never been recorded from the archipelago. The type locality is therefore erroneous, the type material being
probably from California (see Rathbun 1906: 840; Edmonson 1959: 169; Poupin et al. 2005: 11).
(I) Pachygrapsus fakaravensis Rathbun, 1907
Pachygrapsus fakaravensis Rathbun, 1907: 29, pl. 5, fig. 1, pl. 9, fig. 6, 6a [type locality: Tuamotu Archipelago
(French Polynesia); holotype: USNM 32844].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Pachygrapsus fakaravensis Rathbun, 1907 — Davie 1998: 63 [O‘ahu]. — DeFelice et al. 2001: B–45, unnumb.
fig. [O‘ahu]. — Ng et al. 2001: 40, fig. 8e [H.I.]; 2008: 218, color photograph [H.I.]. — Poupin et al.
2005: 12, figs. 3, 14a, 15a [Hawai‘i]. — N.K. Ng et al. 2007: 256 [O‘ahu].
Remarks. Introduced to the Hawaiian Is. (DeFelice et al. 2005; Carlton & Eldredge 2009; Brockerhoff & McLay
2011).
Taxonomy. Davie (1998), Poupin et al. (2005)
Geographical distribution. Across tropical Pacific Ocean (excluding eastern Pacific).
Habitat. Intertidal on rocky shores and coral reefs.
Pachygrapsus minutus A. Milne-Edwards, 1873
Pachygrapsus minutus A. Milne-Edwards, 1873b: 292, pl. 14, fig. 2 [type locality: New Caledonia; lectotype,
paralectotypes: MNHN-B3582].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Pachygrapsus minutus A. Milne-Edwards, 1873 — Cano 1889b: 240 [O‘ahu]. — Rathbun 1906: 840 [Laysan]. —
Pesta 1933: 281 [H.I.]. — Edmondson 1925: 55 [Lisianski, Laysan, French Frigate Shoals, Johnston
Atoll]; 1946: 306 [H.I.]; 1959: 171, fig. 8c, 9d, e [H.I.]. — Amerson & Shelton 1976: 76 [Johnston Atoll].
— Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 1999: 155 [O‘ahu]; 2002b: 132 [O‘ahu]. — DeFelice et al. 2002: 30, 71
[French Frigate Shoals]. — Coles, Reath, Longenecker, Bolick & Eldredge 2004: 138 [Kaua‘i, Moloka‘i,
Maui]. — Godwin & Bolick 2006: 38 [Moloka‘i].
Taxonomy. Crosnier (1965), Poupin et al. (2005)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region; Revillagigedo Is. and Clipperton I. (Tropical
Eastern Pacific region). Introduced to New Zealand (Ahyong & Wilkens 2011).
Habitat. Intertidal on rocky shores and coral reefs.
Pachygrapsus planifrons De Man, 1888
Pachygrapsus planifrons De Man, 1888: 368, pl. 16, figs. 2, 2a–c [type locality: off Java (Indonesia); type material
presumed lost (see Poupin et al. 2005)].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Pachygrapsus longipes Rathbun, 1894: 247 [type locality: O‘ahu; type material: USNM 17320].
Pachygrapsus longipes Rathbun, 1894 — Rathbun 1906: 840, pl. 8, fig. 7 [O‘ahu, Hawai‘i]. — Edmondson 1946:
306 [H.I.]. — Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 1999: 155 [O‘ahu].
Pachygrapsus planifrons De Man, 1888 — Edmondson 1959: 173, figs. 10c, 11 [O‘ahu, Johnston Atoll]. — Chace
1966: fig. 11f [possible error] [O‘ahu]. — Coles, Reath, Longenecker, Bolick & Eldredge 2004: 138
[Kaua‘i]. — Poupin et al. 2005: 34, figs. 10, 14d, 15d [O‘ahu]. — Godwin & Bolick 2006: 38 [Moloka‘i].
Taxonomy. Poupin et al. (2005)
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CATALOG OF HAWAIIAN CRABS
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region; Clipperton I. (Tropical Eastern Pacific region).
Habitat. Intertidal on rocky shores and coral reefs.
Pachygrapsus plicatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837)
Grapsus plicatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837): 89 [type locality: iles “Sandwich;” lectotype, paralectotype: MNHN-
B3585; part of type material: RMNH (see Davie 2002)].
Additonal Hawaiian Is. records:
Goniograpsus plicatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837) — Dana 1852b: 343 [“Sandwich Is.”].
Pachygrapsus plicatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837) — Kingsley 1880b: 200 [O‘ahu]. — Cano 1889b: 240 [O‘ahu].
— Lenz 1901: 472 [Lysan]. — Rathbun 1906: 839 [Hawai‘i]. — Stimpson 1907: 117 [H.I.]. —
Edmondson 1925: 55 [H.I., Johnston Atoll]; 1946: 306, fig. 183c [H.I.]; 1959: 171, fig. 9c, 10a [H.I.]. —
Chace 1966: fig. 11g [H.I.]. — Amerson & Shelton 1976: 76 [Johnston Atoll]. — Coles, DeFelice &
Eldredge 1999: 156 [O‘ahu]. — Coles et al. 2001: 52 [Johnston Atoll]. — DeFelice et al. 2001: B–45,
unnumb. fig. [H.I.]. — Poupin et al. 2005: 37, figs. 11, 14e, 15e [type material, O‘ahu]. — Godwin &
Bolick 2006: 38 [Moloka‘i]. — Hoover 2006: 286, color photograph [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Crosnier (1965), Poupin et al. (2005)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Intertidal on rocky shores and coral reefs.
Genus Planes Bowdich, 1825
Planes major (MacLeay, 1838)
Nautilograpsus major MacLeay, 1838: 66 [type locality: South Africa; lectotype: MMUS C2921].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Nautilograpsus minutus (Linnaeus, 1758) — Lenz 1901: 472 [“between Honolulu and San Francisco:” probably
not a H.I. record].
Planes minutus (Linnaeus, 1758) — Rathbun 1906: 840 [Kaiwi Channel east of O‘ahu, O‘ahu, Moloka‘i]; 1918:
253, pl. 63 [O‘ahu, northeast of H.I.]. — Edmondson 1946: 306, fig. 183f [O‘ahu]. — Titcomb et al. 1979:
364, 369 [H.I.].
Planes cyaneus Dana, 1851 — Edmondson 1925: 57 [Laysan]; 1959: 176, fig. 12 [O‘ahu, Midway Is., Laysan]. —
Chace 1951: 88, figs. 1b, 2b, 2e, 2h, 2m–o, 3i–n [O‘ahu]. — Coles, Reath, Longenecker, Bolick &
Eldredge 2004: 139 [Moloka‘i]. — N.K. Ng et al. 2007: 256 [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Chace (1951), Ng et al. (2008)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific and Tropical Eastern Pacific regions, South Atlantic Ocean.
Habitat. Pelagic, on floating seaweeds, jellyfishes, Velella, sea turtles, and flotsam.
Planes marinus Rathbun, 1914
Planes marinus Rathbun, 1914: 120, pl. 3 [type locality: west of Baja California (Mexico); holotype: USNM
22833].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Pachygrapsus marinus (Rathbun, 1914) — Edmondson 1959: 169, figs. 8b, 9b [O‘ahu]. — Titcomb et al. 1979:
369 [H.I.].
Taxonomy. Chace (1951), Crosnier (1965, as Pachygrapsus marinus)
Geographical distribution. Across Pacific and South Atlantic oceans.
Habitat. Pelagic, on floating seaweeds, jellyfishes, Velella, sea turtles, and flotsam.
Family Percnidae Štev i, 2005
Genus Percnon Gistel, 1848
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Percnon abbreviatum (Dana, 1851)
Acanthopus abbreviatus Dana, 1851b: 252 [type locality: Tahiti (French Polynesia); type material presumed lost].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Percnon abbreviatum (Dana, 1851) — Rathbun 1906: 842 [O‘ahu, Moloka‘i]. — Edmondson 1923b: 1552 [Kure
Atoll]; 1925: 56 [H.I., Kure Atoll]; 1946: 308 [H.I.]; 1959: 195, figs. 25b, 26 [H.I.]. — Pesta 1933: 281
[Laysan]. — Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 2002a: 266, 333 [O‘ahu]. — DeFelice et al. 2002: 30, 71
[French Frigate Shoals]. — Coles et al. 2008: 69 [O‘ahu]. — Coles & Swenson 2010: 87 [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Crosnier (1965), Schubart & Cuesta (2010)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region; Clipperton I. and other Tropical Eastern Pacific
locations.
Habitat. Hard bottoms; low intertidal, shallow subtidal.
Percnon affine (H. Milne Edwards, 1853)
Acanthopus affinis H. Milne Edwards, 1853: 180 [type locality: îles “Sandwich;” holotype: MNHN-B10945].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Plagussia [sic] planissima (Herbst, 1804) — Randall 1840: 128 [“Sandwich Is.”]. (not Cancer planissimum
Herbst, 1804)
Percnon pilimanus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1873) — Rathbun 1906: 842 [Randall’s record]. — Edmondson 1959: 194,
figs. 24, 25a [O‘ahu]. — Hoover 2006: 286, color photograph [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Crosnier (1965), Schubart & Cuesta (2010)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Hard bottoms; low intertidal, shallow subtidal to 7 m.
Percnon planissimum (Herbst, 1804)
Cancer planissimus Herbst, 1804: 3, pl. 59, fig. 3 [color] [type locality: Ostindien; holotype: ZMB Herbst 2237].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Acanthopus planissimus (Herbst, 1804) — Dana 1852b: 372 [Maui]. — Stimpson 1858b: 103 [H.I.].
Percnon planissimum (Herbst, 1804) — Rathbun 1906: 842 [Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, Maui, Hawai‘i, H.I.]. — Edmondson
1925: 56 [O‘ahu]; 1946: 308, fig. 184a [H.I.]; 1959: 197, figs. 25c, 27 [O‘ahu]. — Pesta 1933: 281
[Laysan]. — Tinker 1965: 128, pl. 52 [H.I.]. — Titcomb et al. 1979: 369 [H.I.]. — Coles et al. 1998: 15,
20 [Kaho‘olawe]. — Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 2002a: 266, 333 [O‘ahu]; 2002b: 133 [O‘ahu]. — Coles,
Eldredge, Kandel, Reath & Longenecker 2004: 64 [Hawai‘i]. — Godwin & Bolick 2006: 39, 49
[Moloka‘i]. — Hoover 2006: 286, color photograph [O‘ahu]. — Coles & Swenson 2010: 87 [Maui]. —
Coles et al. 2008: 56 [Maui].
Remarks. Morphologically close Atlantic populations represent a distinct species, P. gibbesi (H. Milne Edwards,
1853) (Schubart & Cuesta 2010).
Taxonomy. Crosnier (1965), Schubart & Cuesta (2010)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region and New Zealand.
Habitat. Hard bottoms; low intertidal, shallow subtidal to 10 m.
Family Plagusiidae Dana, 1851
Genus Euchirograpsus H. Milne Edwards, 1853
Euchirograpsus danielae Ng N.K. & Martin, 2010
Euchirograpsus danielae Ng N.K. & Martin, 2010: 230, 232, figs. 1A, 2, 3A, C, 4, 5 [type locality: French Frigate
Shoals; holotype: LACM, paratype: ZRC 2009.0844].
Taxonomy. Ng N.K. & Martin (2010)
Geographical distribution. Only known from the Hawaiian Is.
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CATALOG OF HAWAIIAN CRABS
Habitat. Subtidal; collected from traps on the reef slope, 178–267 m.
Genus Plagusia Latreille, 1804
Plagusia immaculata Lamarck, 1818, was collected by the Challenger Expedition from New Guinea (Miers 1886:
273) and not from O‘ahu, as erroneously indicated by Rathbun (1906: 842) and Edmondson (1946, 1959) (see
Schubart & Ng 2000).
Plagusia squamosa (Herbst, 1790)
Cancer squamosus Herbst, 1790: 260, pl. 20, fig. 113 [type locality: Ostindien; neotype: ZMB Herbst 0498].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Plagusia orientalis Stimpson, 1858: 103 [type localities: Hong Kong, insulas Hawaienses; lectotype and
paralectotype: USNM 2012].
Plagusia orientalis Stimpson, 1858 — Stimpson 1907: 123 [H.I.].
Plagusia tuberculata Lamarck, 1818 — Schauinsland 1899: 92 [Laysan]. — Lenz 1901: 473 [Laysan]. — Coles,
DeFelice & Eldredge 2002a: 266, 333 [O‘ahu].
Plagusia depressa tuberculata Lamarck, 1818 — Rathbun 1906: 841 [O‘ahu, Moloka‘i, Maui, Hawai‘i, H.I.,
Laysan]; 1918: 334, pl. 102 (part) [O‘ahu, Maui, Hawai‘i, H.I, Laysan]. — Edmondson 1925: 56
[Lisianski, Laysan, Gardner Pinnacles, Necker]; 1946: 308, fig. 184d [H.I.]; 1959: 190, fig. 22a [H.I.,
Lisianski]. — Tinker 1965: 126, pl. 151 [H.I.]. — Titcomb et al. 1979: 363 [H.I.]. — Coles, DeFelice &
Eldredge 1999: 156 [O‘ahu].
Plagusia depressa (Fabricius, 1775) — Pesta 1933: 281 [H.I.]. ( not Cancer depressus Fabricius, 1775)
Plagusia squamosa (Herbst, 1790) — Hoover 1906: 287, color photograph [O‘ahu]. — Schubart & Cuesta 2010:
283 [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Schubart & Ng (2000), Schubart & Cuesta (2010)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region; Clipperton I. and other Tropical Eastern Pacific
locations.
Habitat. Hard bottoms; low intertidal, shallow subtidal, and on flotsam and ship’s hulls.
Family Sesarmidae Dana, 1851
Genus Armases Abele, 1992
(*) Armases rubripes Rathbun, 1897
Sesarma trapezium Dana, 1852b: 354, 1577, pl. 22, fig. 8 [type locality: “Sandwich Is.;” type material presumed
lost].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Sesarma (Holometopus) trapezium Dana, 1852 — Rathbun 1906: 841 [Dana’s record], Edmondson 1946: 307
[Dana’s record].
Metasesarma trapezium (Dana, 1852) — Edmondson 1959: 186, fig. 18 [Dana’s record].
Remarks. Sesarma trapezium was described from the Hawaiian Is. but not reported from the archipelago or
elsewhere since, while Armases rubripes Rathbun, 1897, is a western Atlantic species. It is thus possible that the
Hawaiian Is. locality of the type material is erroneous. The name Sesarma rubripes Rathbun, 1897, was given
priority over the name Sesarma trapezium Dana, 1852, by the ICZ (see Ng et al. 2008: 220, 223, note 2).
Taxonomy. Edmondson (1959), Abele (1972), Ng et al. (2008)
Geographical distribution. Western Atlantic.
Habitat. Unknown
Genus Chiromantes Gistel, 1848
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Chiromantes obtusifrons (Dana, 1851)
Sesarma obtusifrons Dana, 1851b: 250 [type locality: insulas ‘Sandwich;’ type material presumed lost].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Sesarma obtusifrons Dana, 1851 — Dana 1852b: 355, pl. 22, fig. 9 [Maui]. — Lenz 1901: 472 [Moloka‘i]. —
Titcomb et al. 1979: 367 [H.I.]. — Godwin & Bolick 2006: 39, 49 [Moloka‘i].
Sesarma (Holometopus) obtusifrons Dana, 1851 — Rathbun 1906: 840 [Hawai‘i, H.I.]. — Edmondson 1946: 306,
fig. 183e [H.I.]; 1959: 185, figs. 13c, 17c [O‘ahu, H.I.].
Taxonomy. Ng & Liu (1999)
Geographical distribution. Eastern Indian and tropical Pacific oceans.
Habitat. Hard-substrate supratidal.
Genus “Geosesarma De Man, 1892”
The occurrence in the Hawaiian Is. of Geosesarma angustifrons (A. Milne-Edwards, 1869) [not in Geosesarma,
possibly in its own genus (P.K.L. Ng, personal communication)], a fresh-water crab known from the southeastern
Pacific islands, is questionable. It was described (as Sesarma angustifrons) from material supposedly collected in
the Hawaiian Is. (A. Milne-Edwards 1869b: 26). An additional specimen “probably” from the Hawaiian Is.
(Rathbun 1906: 840) could not be located by Edmondson (1959: 183). No other specimens have ever been
collected from the archipelago. The species was nevertheless listed as occurring in the Hawaiian Is. by McLaughlin
et al. (2005).
Genus Labuanium Serène & Soh, 1970
(*) Labuanium rotundatum (Hess, 1865)
Sesarma rotundata Hess, 1865: 149, pl. 6, fig. 9 [type locality: Sydney ? (Australia) (see Davie 2002); type
material: status and location unknown].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Sarmatium faxoni Rathbun, 1906: 841, fig. 5, pl. 7, fig. 1 [type locality: O‘ahu; holotype: USNM 22837].
Sesarma (Sesarma) rotundata Hess, 1865 — Edmondson 1946: 307 [Rathbun’s record]; 1959: 184, figs. 13b, 17b
[Rathbun’s record].
Labuanium rotundatum (Hess, 1865) — Ng & Liu 2003: 614, figs. 5 8 [holotype].
Remarks. Recorded once from seven specimens (together with three specimens from the Marshall Is.) supposedly
collected in the Hawaiian Is. (Rathbun 1906, as Sarmatium faxoni) but there are no known subsequent records from
the archipelago.
Taxonomy. Serène & Soh (1970), Ng & Davie (2011)
Geographical distribution. Indian Ocean.
Habitat. Unknown
Genus Nanosesarma Tweedie, 1951
(I) Nanosesarma minutum (De Man, 1887)
Sesarma minuta De Man, 1887: 377, pl. 16 (10), figs. 4, 4a, 4b [type locality: off Java (Indonesia); type material:
status and location unknown].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Nanosesarma minutum (De Man, 1887) — Davie 1998: 64 [O‘ahu]. — Coles et al. 1997: C–73 [O‘ahu]. — Coles
1999: 152, 154 [O‘ahu].
Remarks. Introduced to the Hawaiian Is. (Davie 1998; Carlton & Eldredge 2009; Brockerhoff & McLay 2011).
Taxonomy. Davie (1998)
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CATALOG OF HAWAIIAN CRABS
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region; introduced to New Zealand (Ahyong & Wilkens
2011).
Habitat. Intertidal, shallow subtidal.
Family Varunidae H. Milne Edwards, 1853
Eriocheir sinensis H. Milne Edwards, 1853 (subfamily Gaeticinae Davie & N. K. Ng, 2007), has been incorrectly
listed in some references as occurring in the Hawaiian Is. (see Carlton & Eldredge 2009).
Subfamily Cyclograpsinae H. Milne Edwards, 1853
Genus Cyclograpsus H. Milne Edwards, 1837
(*) Cyclograpsus cinereus Dana, 1851
Cyclograpsus cinereus Dana, 1851b: 251 [type locality: insulas ‘Sandwich;’ possible type material: UZMC (see
Manning & Reed (2006)].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Cyclograpsus cinereus Dana, 1852b: 360, 1577, pl. 23, fig. 3 [“Sandwich Is.”]. — Rathbun 1906: 840 [Dana’s
record]. — Edmondson 1959: 187, fig. 19 [Dana’s record].
Remarks. Described in part from specimens that may have been erroneously listed as collected in the Hawaiian Is.
Taxonomy. Griffin (1968)
Geographical distribution. Tropical Eastern Pacific region.
Habitat. Intertidal
Cyclograpsus granulatus Dana, 1851
Cyclograpsus granulatus Dana, 1851b: 251 [type locality: Maui ; type material presumed lost].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Cyclograpsus granulatus Dana, 1851 — Dana 1852b: 361, 1577, pl. 23, fig. 4 [Maui]. — Rathbun 1906: 840
[Maui, Hawai‘i, H.I.]. — Edmondson 1946: 7, 307 [Maui]; 1959: 188, figs. 20a, 21a, b [O‘ahu, Maui,
Hawai‘i]. — Godwin & Bolick 2006: 38 [Moloka‘i]. — N.K. Ng et al. 2007: 255 [Maui].
Taxonomy. Edmondson (1959)
Geographical distribution. Only known from the Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Intertidal
Cyclograpsus henshawi Rathbun, 1902
Cyclograpsus henshawi Rathbun, 1902a: 75, fig. 1 [type locality: Hawai‘i; syntypes: USNM 22857].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Cyclograpsus henshawi Rathbun, 1902 — Rathbun 1906: 840 [O‘ahu, Maui, Hawai‘i]. — Edmondson 1946: 7,
307, fig. 183a [Kaua‘i, O‘ahu]; 1959: 188, figs. 20b, 21c, d [O‘ahu, Maui, Hawai‘i]. — Godwin & Bolick
2006: 38 [Moloka‘i]. — N.K. Ng et al. 2007: 255 [O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Edmondson (1959)
Geographical distribution. Only known from the Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Intertidal
Subfamily Varuninae H. Milne Edwards, 1853
Genus Hemigrapsus Dana, 1851
(*) Hemigrapsus crassimanus Dana, 1851
Hemigrapsus crassimanus Dana, 1851b: 250 [type locality: insulas ‘Sandwich;’ type material presumed lost].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
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Hemigrapsus crassimanus Dana, 1851 — Dana 1852b: 349, 1577, pl. 22, fig. 4. — Rathbun 1906: 839 [Dana’s
record]. — Edmondson 1959: 181, fig. 15 [Dana’s record].
Remarks. Described and know only from the Hawaiian Is., H. crassimanus is the type species of Hemigrapsus. No
subsequent records are known from the archipelago, and the type material is most probably lost.
Taxonomy. Edmondson (1959)
Geographical distribution. Only known from the Hawaiian Is. but possibly in error (P.K.L Ng, personal
communication).
Habitat. Unknown
(*) Hemigrapsus penicillatus (De Haan, 1835)
Grapsus (Eriocheir) penicillatus De Haan, 1835: 60, pl. 11, fig. 5, pl. D [type locality: Japan; lectotype: RMNH
2000; paralectotypes: RMNH 164, 201, 203, MNHN-B3506, 12837].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Hemigrapsus penicillatus (De Haan, 1835) — Edmondson 1951: 236, fig. 36 [Laysan]; 1959: 180, figs. 13a, 14
[Laysan].
Remarks. Possibly recorded from the Hawaiian Is. in error (Carlton & Eldredge 2009).
Taxonomy. Edmondson (1959)
Geographical distribution. Western Pacific Ocean, Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Rocky intertidal
SUPERFAMILY OCYPODOIDEA Rafinesque, 1815
Family Macrophthalmidae Dana, 1851
Genus Macrophthalmus Desmarest, 1823
Macrophthalmus (Macrophthalmus) convexus Stimpson, 1858
Macrophthalmus convexus Stimpson, 1858b: 97 [type locality: Loo Choo (=Ryukyu Is.); type material presumed
lost].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Macrophthalmus inermis A. Milne-Edwards, 1867: 286 [type localities: îles “Sandwich,” New Caledonia;
syntypes: MNHN-B12613, 10972].
Macrophthalmus inermis A. Milne-Edwards, 1867 —A. Milne-Edwards 1873b: 277, pl. 12, fig. 5 [Îles
“Sandwich”]. — Rathbun 1906: 834 [Milne Edward’s record]. — Edmondson 1946: 312 [Milne Edward’s
record].
Macrophthalmus convexus Stimpson, 1858 — Edmondson 1962b: 21, figs. 9, 10a [Milne Edward’s record]. —
Poupin 1997a: 163, figs. 1 C, D, 3 C–E, 4–6 [type material of M. inermis from H.I.].
Remarks. Junior synonym described in part from the Hawaiian Is. but no subsequent records are known from the
archipelago.
Taxonomy. Poupin (1997a), Barnes (2010)
Geographical distribution. Eastern Indian and western Pacific oceans, Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Soft sediments in the low intertidal.
Macrophthalmus (Macrophthalmus) telescopicus Owen, 1839
Gelasimus telescopicus Owen, 1839: 78, pl. 24, figs. 1, 1a–f [type locality: O‘ahu; type material destroyed (see
Crane 1975: 324)].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Macrophthalmus compressipes Randall, 1840: 123 [type locality: “Sandwich Islands;” syntypes: ANSP CA3074].
Macrophthalmus podophthalmus Eydoux & Souleyet, 1842: 241. pl. 3, figs. 6 [color], 7 [type locality: îles
“Sandwich;” holotype: MNHN-B12634].
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CATALOG OF HAWAIIAN CRABS
Macrophthalmus telescopicus Owen, 1839 — Dana 1852b: 314, 1577 [“Sandwich Is.”]. — Cano 1889b: 229
[O‘ahu]. — Rathbun 1906: 834 [O‘ahu, H.I.]. — Edmondson 1946: 311, fig. 185a [O‘ahu]; 1962b: 20, fig.
8b [O‘ahu, Maui]. — Tinker 1965: 122, pl. 49 [H.I.]. — Banner 1968: 25 [O‘ahu]. — Titcomb et al. 1979:
367 [H.I.]. — Coles et al. 1997: C–74 [O‘ahu]. — Coles, DeFelice & Eldredge 1999: 156 [O‘ahu].
Macrophthalmus (Macrophthalmus) telescopicus Owen, 1839 — Serène 1973a: 109, figs. 2c–e, pl. 3, figs. A, B,
Pl. 4, fig. D [H.I.].
Remarks. Macrophthalmus verreauxi H. Milne Edwards, 1848 (a junior synonym of M. telescopicus Owen, 1839)
was listed as occurring in the Hawaiian Is. by Sakai (1976), Davie (2002), and McLaughlin et al. (20005) although
no previous records of M.(Macrophthalmus) telescopicus under this name are known from the archipelago.
Taxonomy. Serène (1973a), Nagai et al. (2006), McLay et al. (2010)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Soft sediments in shallow subtidal.
Family Ocypodidae Rafinesque, 1815
Genus Ocypode Weber, 1795
Ocypode gaudichaudii H. Milne Edwards & Lucas, 1843, a Tropical Eastern Pacific species, appears to have been
erroneously recorded from the Hawaiian Is. by Cano (1879b), with Rathbun (1906: 834) pointing out that Cano’s
record “needs verification.” (also see Edmondson, 1962b).
Edmondson (1949) suggested that one of four megalops he described from the Hawaiian Is., “Megalops beta,”
was “allied” to megalops originally described as Monolepis orientalis (Dana 1852b: 492, pl. 31, fig. 5a–g) and M.
inermis (Dana 1852b: 492, pl. 31, fig. 6), Monolepis being a junior synonym of Ocypode. Edmondson’s larvae
have indeed been identified as possibly belonging to a species of Ocypode (J.A. Cuesta, personal communication).
Ocypode ceratophthalmus (Pallas, 1772)
Cancer ceratophthalmus Pallas, 1772: 83, pl. 5, figs. 7, 8 [type locality: [species indica]; type material: status and
location unknown].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Ocypode urvillii [sic] Guèrin, 1829 — Dana 1852b: 328, 1577, pl. 20, fig. 5 [“Sandwich Is.”].
Ocypode ceratophthalma (Pallas, 1772) — Stimpson 1858b: 100 [Hawai‘i]; 1907: 108, pl. 12, fig. 2 [H.I.]. —
Miers 1886: 238 [Hawai‘i]. — Rathbun 1906: 833 [Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, Maui, L na‘i, Hawai‘i]. — Edmondson
1923b: 1549 [H.I., N.W.I.]; 1925: 59 [Kure Atoll, Pearl and Hermes Reef, Laysan, French Frigate Shoals,
Nihoa, Johnston Atoll]; 1946: 310, fig. 185b [H.I.]; 1962b: 15, figs. 6a, 7a [H.I.]. — Tinker 1965: 120, pl.
48 [H.I.].
Ocypode ceratophthalmus (Pallas, 1772) — Edmondson 1923b: 1552 [Kure Atoll]. — Haley 1973: 351 [O‘ahu].
— Titcomb et al. 1979: 369, fig. 3D [H.I.].
Ocypode ceratophthalmia [sic] (Pallas, 1772) — Godwin & Bolick 2006: 39, 49 [Moloka‘i].
Taxonomy. Edmondson (1962b)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region.
Habitat. Burrows in sandy shores supratidal.
Ocypode pallidula Hombron & Jacquinot, 1846
Ocypode pallidula Hombron & Jacquinot, 1846: pl. 6, fig. 1 [type locality: Tuamotu Archipelago (French
Polynesia); lectotype: MNHN-B4027 S, paralectotypes: MNHN-B4027 S, 3307 S].
Hawaiian Is. records:
Ocypode rhombea Weber, 1795 — Randall 1840: 123 [“Sandwich Is.”]. (not Ocypode rhombea Weber, 1795
(nomen nudum) = Cancer quadratus Fabricius, 1787)
Ocypoda laevis Dana, 1852b: 235, 1577 [as “O. levis”], pl. 20, fig. 2 [type locality: “Sandwich Is.;” possible type
material UZMC (see Manning & Reed (2006)].
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Ocypoda urvillei Guèrin, 1829 — Lenz 1902: 476 [Laysan]. (not Ocypode urvillei Guérin, 1829 = Cancer
ceratophthalmus Pallas, 1772)
Ocypode laevis Dana, 1852 — Stimpson 1858b: 100 [Hawai‘i].
Ocypode cordimana Latreille, 1818 — Kingsley 1880a: 185 [“Sandwich Is.”]. — Lenz 1901: 476 [Laysan]. (not
Ocypode cordimanus Latreille, 1818)
Ocypode laevis Dana, 1852 — Stimpson 1858b: 100 [Hawai‘i]; 1907: 110 [Hawai‘i]. — Rathbun 1906: 834, pl. 7,
fig. 2 [O‘ahu, Maui, Hawai‘i, Laysan]. — Galstoff 1933: 17 [Pearl and Hermes Reef]. — Edmondson
1946: 311 [ H.I.]; 1962b: 16, figs. 6b, c, 7b [O‘ahu, Laysan, Johnston Atoll]. — Amerson & Shelton 1976:
76 [Johnston Atoll]. — Titcomb et al. 1979: 369 [H.I.]. — Coles et al. 1997: C–75 [O‘ahu].
Ocypode pallidula Hombron & Jacquinot, 1846 — K. Sakai & Türkay 1976: 87, figs. 14, 15 [O‘ahu, Maui,
Midway Is., Laysan, Johnston Atoll]. — Hoover 2006: 288, color photograph [Kaua‘i].
Taxonomy. K. Sakai & Türkay (1976), Ng et al. (2008)
Geographical distribution. Across Indo-West Pacific region; introduced to New Zealand (Ahyong & Wilkens
2011).
Habitat. Burrows in sandy shores supratidal.
Genus Uca Leach, 1814
Two species, Uca minor (Owen, 1839) and U. tetragonon (Herbst, 1790), were each listed once from the Hawaiian
Is. (respectively by Owen 1839, as Gelasimus minor Owen, 1839, and Kinsley 1880a, as Gelasimus tetragonon
Herbst, 1790) but never recorded since (see Rathbun 1906; Edmondson 1925, 1962b; Crane 1975). The type of U.
minor, with the type locality given as “Oahu, Sandwich Isles” (Owen 1839: 79, pl. 24, fig. 2, 2a) was destroyed
(see Crane 1975: 323).
SUPERFAMILY PINNOTHEROIDEA De Haan, 1833
Family Aphanodactylidae Ahyong & Ng, 2009
Genus Aphanodactylus Tesch, 1918
Aphanodactylus edmondsoni Rathbun, 1932
Aphanodactylus edmondsoni Rathbun, 1932: 181 [type locality: O‘ahu; holotype: BPBM S3576; cotype: BPBM
S3577].
Additional Hawaiian Is. records:
Aphanodactylus edmondsoni Rathbun, 1932 — Edmondson 1946: 113, 303, fig. 182 [Rathbun’s record]; 1962b: 6,
figs. 2d, 3 [Rathbun’s record]. — Titcomb et al. 1979: 366 [H.I.]. — Hoover 2006: 85 [H.I.]. — Ahyong
& Ng 2009: 36 [holotype, O‘ahu]. — Ng & Naruse 2009: 284 [holotype, O‘ahu]. — Ng et al. 2010: 76
[O‘ahu].
Taxonomy. Ahyong & Ng (2009)
Geographical distribution. Only known from the Hawaiian Is.
Habitat. Collected from polychaete tubes (Rathbun 1932; Ahyong & Ng 2009); shallow subtidal.
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Dordrecht, pp. 403–417.
CASTRO
144 · Zootaxa 2947 © 2011 Magnolia Press
Index
[Suprageneric taxa are indicated in capital letters. Taxa that have been reliably recorded from the Hawaiian Islands
are indicated in bold; synonyms of Hawaiian species and taxa erroneously recorded from the archipelago are indi-
cated in regular font.]
Acantholobulus, ....................................................................83
Acantholobulus pacificus,.................................................... 83
Acanthonyx, ............................................................................48
Acanthonyx simplex, ..............................................................48
Acanthopus abbreviatus, ...................................................... 118
Acanthopus affinis, ............................................................... 118
Acanthopus planissimus, ......................................................118
Achaeopsis superciliaris, .......................................................52
Achaeus, ................................................................................51
Achaeus affinis, ......................................................................51
Achaeus brevifalcatus, ........................................................... 51
Achaeus superciliaris, ...........................................................51
Achelous orbicularis,............................................................. 68
Actaea, ........................................................................... 84, 110
Actaea sp., ..............................................................................84
Actaea affinis, ........................................................................92
Actaea alphonsi, .....................................................................85
Actaea banareias, .................................................................107
Actaea dentata, ......................................................................63
Actaea garretti, ......................................................................86
Actaea hawaiiensis, ...............................................................111
Actaea helleri, ........................................................................87
Actaea hirsutissima, ...............................................................85
Actaea interregima, ................................................................91
Actaea nodulosa, ....................................................................85
Actaea parvula, ....................................................................107
Actaea remota, .......................................................................87
Actaea rufopunctata, ........................................................86, 87
Actaea speciosa, .....................................................................88
Actaea superciliaris, ..............................................................85
Actaea tomentosa, ..................................................................84
Actaea variolosa, ...................................................................88
Actaea (Banareia) villosa, ................................................... 107
ACTAEINAE, .......................................................................84
Actaeodes,...............................................................................84
Actaeodes bellus, ....................................................................97
Actaeodes integerrimus,......................................................... 91
Actaeodes speciosus, ..............................................................87
Actaeodes tomentosus, ..........................................................84
Actaeomorpha, ......................................................................38
Actaeomorpha erosa, .............................................................38
Actaeomorpha punctata, .......................................................38
Acteodes richtersii, ..............................................................100
Actumnus, ..............................................................................60
Actumnus obesus, ..................................................................61
Aethra, ...................................................................................38
Aethra edentata, ....................................................................61
AETHRIDAE, ..................................................................9, 38
AETHROIDEA, ...................................................................38
Agononida, ............................................................................15
Agononida normani, .............................................................15
Albunea, .................................................................................17
Albunea bulla, .......................................................................17
Albunea danai, ......................................................................17
Albunea speciosa, ..................................................................18
Albunea thurstoni,.................................................................. 17
ALBUNEIDAE, 8, ................................................................ 17
Amphitrite longi-spinosa, .......................................................70
Amphitrite vigilans, ................................................................ 70
Anapagrides,........................................................................... 26
Anapagrides reesei, ............................................................... 26
Aniculus, ................................................................................19
Aniculus hopperae, ............................................................... 19
Aniculus maximus, ...............................................................19
Aniculus strigatus, ................................................................. 23
ANOMURA, .............................................................5, 7, 8, 13
ANTROCARCININAE, ..................................................... 88,
APHANODACTYLIDAE, .................................. 6, 9, 12, 124
Aphanodactylus, .................................................................. 124
Aphanodactylus edmondsoni, ............................................. 124
Armases, ............................................................................... 124
Armases rubripes, ................................................................ 124
Asterolambrus kusei, ..............................................................42
Atergatis, ..............................................................................107
Atergatis floridus, ................................................................ 108
Atergatis limbatus, ............................................................... 109
Atergatis ocyroe, ..................................................................108
Atergatis semigranosa, .........................................................110
Atergatopsis, ........................................................................108
Atergatopsis immigrans, ...................................................... 108
ATOPORTUNINAE, ........................................................... 64
Atoportunus, ..........................................................................64
Atoportunus pluto, ................................................................64
Aulacolambrus, ..................................................................... 57
Aulacolambrus hoplonotus,.................................................. 57
Aulacolambrus whitei, ..........................................................57
Babamunida, .........................................................................15
Babamunida brucei, .............................................................. 15
Babamunida debrae, ............................................................. 15
Babamunida kanaloa, ........................................................... 16
Banareia, ............................................................................. 107
Banareia banareias, ............................................................ 107
Banareia parvula, ...............................................................107
Banareia villosa, .................................................................107
Beuroisia, .............................................................................. 45
Beuroisia major, .................................................................... 45
BRACHYURA, ........................................................ 5, 7, 9, 31
Caecopilumnus,..................................................................... 63
Caecopilumnus crassipes,..................................................... 63
Calappa,................................................................................. 39
Calappa bicornis, ................................................................... 39
Calappa calappa, ...................................................................39
Calappa gallus,....................................................................... 39
Calappa hepatica, .................................................................. 39
Calappa pokipoki, ................................................................. 40
Calappa tuberculata, ............................................................. 39
Calappe sandwichien, ............................................................ 39
CALAPPIDAE, ............................................................... 9, 39,
CALAPPOIDEA, .................................................................39
Calcinus, .......................................................................... 10, 19
Calcinus argus, ..................................................................... 19
Calcinus elegans, ................................................................... 20
Calcinus gaimardii, ................................................................ 20
Zootaxa 2947 © 2011 Magnolia Press · 145
CATALOG OF HAWAIIAN CRABS
Calcinus guamensis, .............................................................20
Calcinus haigae, ....................................................................21
Calcinus hazletti,................................................................... 21
Calcinus herbstii, ...................................................................22
Calcinus isabellae, ................................................................21
Calcinus laevimanus, ............................................................21
Calcinus latens, ..................................................................... 22
Calcinus laurentae, ............................................................... 22
Calcinus seurati,.................................................................... 22
Callinectes, ............................................................................ 68
Callinectes sp., .......................................................................68
Callinectes sapidus,............................................................... 68
CAMPTANDRIIDAE, ........................................................... 11
Cancer bidentatus, .................................................................80
Cancer admete, ......................................................................72
Cancer aeneus, ..................................................................... 110
Cancer bidentatus, ...............................................................176
Cancer calappa, .....................................................................39
Cancer ceratophthalmus, .....................................................123
Cancer cervicornis, ................................................................51
Cancer contrarius, .................................................................59
Cancer convexus, ...................................................................41
Cancer cupulifer, ..................................................................101
Cancer dentatus, ....................................................................94
Cancer dodone, ....................................................................108
Cancer dormia, ......................................................................33
Cancer electra, .......................................................................94
Cancer floridus, ...................................................................108
Cancer gallus, ........................................................................39
Cancer hepaticus, ..................................................................39
Cancer hispida, ......................................................................33
Cancer lagopodes, .................................................................25
Cancer macrophthalmus, .......................................................41
Cancer maculatus, .................................................................41
Cancer maenas, ...................................................................... 63
Cancer megistos, ....................................................................25
Cancer messor, ..................................................................... 114
Cancer pedunculatus, ............................................................25
Cancer perlatus, .....................................................................42
Cancer philyra, ......................................................................54
Cancer planissimus, ............................................................. 118
Cancer raninus, ......................................................................37
Cancer rufopunctatus, ............................................................82
Cancer sebanus, .....................................................................43
Cancer serratus, .....................................................................67
Cancer squamosus, .............................................................. 119
Cancer strigatus, ....................................................................23
Cancer tenuicrustatus, ......................................................... 114
Cancer vespertilio, .................................................................63
Cancer (Pilumnus) minutus, ..................................................62
Cancer (Pleistosoma) macrophthalmus, ................................83
Cancer (Xantho) integer, .......................................................97
CANCRIDAE, ............................................................9, 12, 40
CANCROIDEA,................................................................... 40
CAPHYRINAE, ................................................................... 64
CARCINIDAE, ......................................................................63
Carcinoplax cooki, .................................................................45
Carcinus, ................................................................................63
Carcinus maenas, ...................................................................63
CARPILIIDAE,................................................................ 9, 41
Carpilius,............................................................................... 41
Carpilius convexus,............................................................... 41
Carpilius maculatus,............................................................. 41
Carpilodes bellus, ..................................................................97
Carpilodes coccineus, ............................................................98
Carpilodes medipacificus, ..................................................... 97
Carpilodes monticulosus, ....................................................... 98
Carpilodes pallidus, ...............................................................98
Carpilodes ruber, ...................................................................98
Carpilodes rugatus, ...............................................................98
Carpilodes supernodosus, ......................................................98
Carpilodes tristis, ................................................................... 99
Carpilodes vaillantianus, ....................................................... 97
Carpilodes virgatus, ............................................................... 99
CARPILOIDEA,.................................................................. 41
Carupa, .................................................................................. 65
Carupa laeviscula, ................................................................. 65
Carupa tenuipes, ................................................................... 65
CARUPINAE, .................................................................... 142
Catapaguroides, .................................................................... 26
Catapaguroides hooveri, ....................................................... 26
Catapaguroides setosus,........................................................ 26
Catapagurus, ......................................................................... 26
Catapagurus granulatus,...................................................... 26
Catoptrus, .............................................................................. 65
Catoptrus inaequalis,............................................................ 65
Catoptrus nitidus,.................................................................. 66
Charybdis,.............................................................................. 71
Charybdis orientalis, ............................................................. 71
Charybdis (Charybdis), ........................................................ 71
Charybdis (Charybdis) hawaiensis,...................................... 71
Charybdis (Charybdis) hellerii, ............................................ 72
Charybdis (Charybdis) japonica, .......................................... 71
Charybdis (Gonioinfradens) paucidentata, ........................... 72
Charybdis (Goniosupradens),............................................... 72
Charybdis (Goniosupradens) erythrodactyla,...................... 72
CHASMOCARCINIDAE, ......................................................11
Chiromantes,........................................................................ 119
Chiromantes obtusifrons, ................................................... 120
CHIROSTYLIDAE, .................................................. 8, 12, 13
Chlorinoides goldsboroughi, ................................................. 53
Chlorodiella,.......................................................................... 88
Chlorodiella asper, ................................................................ 91
Chlorodiella cytherea,........................................................... 88
Chlorodiella laevissima,........................................................ 89
Chlorodiella niger,................................................................. 89
CHLORODIELLINAE, ...................................................... 88
Chlorodius areolatus,............................................................. 91
Chlorodius cytherea,.............................................................. 88
Chlorodius exaratus,............................................................ 102
Chlorodius gracilis, ............................................................. 102
Chlorodius laevissimus, ......................................................... 89
Chlorodius nodous, .............................................................. 103
Chlorodius nudipes, ............................................................. 103
Chlorodius obscurus, ............................................................. 90
Chlorodius sanguineus,........................................................ 103
Chlorodius ungulatus,............................................................ 90
Chlorodopsis sp., ................................................................... 92
Chlorodopsis aberrans,.......................................................... 90
Chlorodopsis areolata, ...........................................................92
Chlorodopsis hawaiiensis,..................................................... 92
Chlorodopsis kauaiensis, ....................................................... 92
Chlorodopsis oahuensis,........................................................ 93
Chlorodopsis scabricula,....................................................... 90
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146 · Zootaxa 2947 © 2011 Magnolia Press
Ciliopagurus,......................................................................... 23
Ciliopagurus albatrossi,........................................................ 23
Ciliopagurus hawaiiensis,..................................................... 23
Ciliopagurus strigatus,.......................................................... 23
Clibanarius,........................................................................... 23
Clibanarius zebra,................................................................. 23
Coelocarcinus,....................................................................... 64
Coelocarcinus foliatus, ......................................................... 64
Coenobita,.............................................................................. 19
Coenobita olivieri,................................................................. 19
COENOBITIDAE, .................................................................19
CROSSOTONOTIDAE,.............................................. 8, 9, 54
Crossotonotus,....................................................................... 54
Crossotonotus spinipes,......................................................... 54
CRYPTOCHIRIDAE, .......................................... 7, 9, 11, 111
CRYPTOCHIROIDEA, ..................................................... 111
Cryptochirus,........................................................................ 111
Cryptochirus coralliodytes,............................................ 11, 111
Ctyptochirus crescentus, ...................................................... 112
Cryptochirus dimorphus, ..................................................... 112
Cryptochirus minutus,.......................................................... 112
Cryptodromia,........................................................................ 31
Cryptodromia canaliculata,................................................... 31
Cryptodromia fallax,............................................................. 31
Cryptodromia wilsoni,............................................................ 32
Cryptodromiopsis, ................................................................. 31
Cryptodromiopsis plumosa, ................................................... 33
Cryptodromiopsis tridens,..................................................... 31
Cyclax suborbicularis, ........................................................... 53
Cycloachelous,....................................................................... 68
Cycloachelous orbicularis,.................................................... 68
Cycloachelous suborbicularis,.............................................. 68
Cyclodius, .............................................................................. 89
Cyclodius nitidus,.................................................................. 89
Cyclodius obscurus, .............................................................. 90
Cyclodius ungulatus,............................................................. 90
Cycloes,.................................................................................. 40
Cycloes granulosa,................................................................. 40
Cycloes marisrubri, ............................................................... 40
CYCLOGRAPSINAE,....................................................... 121
Cyclograpsus, ...................................................................... 121
Cyclograpsus cinereus,........................................................ 121
Cyclograpsus granulatus, ................................................... 121
Cyclograpsus henshawi,...................................................... 121
Cycloxanthops angustus,...................................................... 104
Cycloxanthops cavatus,........................................................ 101
Cymopolia fisheri, ..................................................................55
Cymopolia maculata, .............................................................55
Cymopolia medipacifica, .......................................................55
Cymopolia oahuensis, ............................................................55
Cyrtocarcinus,....................................................................... 88
Cyrtocarcinus truncatus, ...................................................... 88
Cyrtomaia,............................................................................. 52
Cyrtomaia hispida,................................................................. 52
Cyrtomaia lamellata,............................................................. 52
Cyrtomaia platypes,............................................................... 52
Cyrtomaia smithi,.................................................................. 52
Daira, ................................................................................... 41
Daira perlata,......................................................................... 41
DAIRIDAE, ...................................................................... 9, 41
DAIROIDEA, ....................................................................... 41
Dairoides,............................................................................... 42
Dairoides kusei,..................................................................... 42
DAIROIDIDAE,............................................................... 9, 42
Daldorfia, .............................................................................. 56
Daldorfia sp.,......................................................................... 57
Daldorfia dimorpha, ............................................................. 56
Daldorfia horrida, ................................................................. 56
Daldorfia rathbunae,............................................................ 56
DALDORFIINAE,............................................................... 56
Dardanus,.............................................................................. 24
Dardanus asper,..................................................................... 25
Dardanus brachyops, ............................................................ 24
Dardanus deformis,............................................................... 24
Dardanus gemmatus, ............................................................ 24
Dardanus guttatus,................................................................. 24
Dardanus haanii, ................................................................... 25
Dardanus lagopodes,............................................................. 25
Dardanus megistos,............................................................... 25
Dardanus pedunculatus,....................................................... 25
Dardanus punctatus, .............................................................. 25
Dardanus sanguinocarpus, .................................................. 25
Dardanus sanguinolentus,..................................................... 25
Dardanus sulcatus, ............................................................... 26
DIOGENIDAE, ................................................................ 8, 19
Discoplax rotunda,................................................................ 113
Domecia,................................................................................ 78
Domecia glabra, ............................................................... 11, 78
Domecia hispida,................................................................... 78
DOMECIIDAE, .......................................................... 9, 16, 78
DORIPPIDAE, ........................................................................11
DORIPPOIDEA,.................................................................. 42
DOTILIIDAE, .........................................................................11
Dromia dormia,...................................................................... 33
Dromia fallax,........................................................................ 31
Dromia hirsutissima,.............................................................. 33
Dromia rumphii, .................................................................... 33
Dromia unidentata,................................................................ 32
Dromia wilsoni,...................................................................... 32
Dromidia unidentata hawaiiensis,......................................... 32
Dromidiopsis dormia, ............................................................ 33
Dromidiopsis plumosa, .......................................................... 32
DROMIIDAE, .................................................................. 9, 31
DROMIOIDEA,................................................................... 31
Dynomena latreillii,............................................................... 33
Dynomene,............................................................................. 33
Dynomene hispida,.......................................................... 33, 34
Dynomene pilumnoides, ....................................................... 34
Dynomene praedator,............................................................ 34
DYNOMENIDAE, ....................................................... 6, 9, 33
DYNOMENINAE, ............................................................... 33
Ebalia, ................................................................................... 46
Ebalia jordani,....................................................................... 46
Ebalia tuberculosa,............................................................... 46
EBALIINAE,........................................................................ 46
Echinoecus,........................................................................... 60
Echinoecus pentagonus, ....................................................... 60
Emerita pacifica,.................................................................... 18
Epiactaea,.............................................................................. 85
Epiactaea nodulosa,.............................................................. 85
EPIALTIDAE,.................................................................. 9, 48
EPIALTINAE,...................................................................... 48
Epixanthus sp.,....................................................................... 83
Eriocheir sinensis, ............................................................... 121
Zootaxa 2947 © 2011 Magnolia Press · 147
CATALOG OF HAWAIIAN CRABS
Eriphia,.................................................................................. 43
Eriphia laevimana,................................................................. 43
Eriphia laevimana smithii,..................................................... 43
Eriphia sebana, ..................................................................... 43
Eriphia sebana hawaiiensis,.................................................. 43
Eriphia smithii, ...................................................................... 43
ERIPHIIDAE, .................................................................. 9, 43
ERIPHIOIDEA, ................................................................... 42
Ethusa,................................................................................... 42
Ethusa hawaiiensis, .............................................................. 42
Ethusa mascarone hawaiiensis, ............................................. 42
ETHUSIDAE,................................................... 8, 9, 11, 12, 42
Ethusina, ............................................................................... 42
Ethusina gracilipes, ............................................................... 42
Ethusina isolata,.................................................................... 42
ETISINAE, ........................................................................... 93
Etisodes bifrontalis,................................................................ 93
Etisodes electra,..................................................................... 94
Etisus, ................................................................................... 93
Etisus bifrontalis, .................................................................. 93
Etisus demani,....................................................................... 93
Etisus dentatus,..................................................................... 94
Etisus electra, ........................................................................ 94
Etisus laevimanus, ................................................................ 94
Etisus splendidus,.................................................................. 94
Etisus waialuanus,................................................................ 95
Etisus (Etisodes) splendidus, ................................................ 94
Euchirograpsus,.................................................................. 118
Euchirograpsus danielae,................................................... 118
Eucrate sulcatifrons,.............................................................. 45
EUBRACHYURA,................................................................ 38
EUMEDONIDAE,............................................................ 9, 60
Eumunida,............................................................................. 13
Eumunida debilistriata,......................................................... 13
Eumunida picta, ..................................................................... 14
Eumunida smithii,................................................................. 13
Eumunida treguieri,.............................................................. 14
EUMUNIDIDAE,............................................................. 8, 13
Eupagurus deprofundis, .........................................................28
Eupagurus ruticheles, ............................................................ 30
Eupilumnus,.......................................................................... 43
Eupilumnus globosus,........................................................... 43
Eurüppelia sp., ....................................................................... 89
EURYPLACIDAE,................................................. 8, 9, 11, 44
EUXANTHINAE,................................................................. 95
Exopalicus, ............................................................................ 54
Exopalicus maculatus,.......................................................... 54
Forestiana,............................................................................. 85
Forestiana depressa, ............................................................. 85
Freshwater crabs,................................................................... 11
Furtipodia,............................................................................. 57
Furtipodia gemma,................................................................ 57
Furtipodia petrosa,................................................................ 57
GAETICINAE, .................................................................... 121
Gaillardiellus,........................................................................ 85
Gaillardiellus alphonsi,.......................................................... 85
Gaillardiellus superciliaris, .................................................. 86
Galathea, ............................................................................... 14
Galathea integrirostris,.......................................................... 15
Galathea spinosorostris,........................................................ 14
GALATHEIDAE,....................................................... 8, 10, 22
GALATHEOIDEA,.......................................................... 6, 14
Galene hawaiiensis,............................................................... 84
Garthambrus, ........................................................................ 57
Garthambarus lacunosus, .................................................... 58
Garthambrus complanatus, .................................................. 57
Garthambrus pteromerus,...................................................... 56
Garthiella,.............................................................................. 90
Garthiella aberrans,.............................................................. 90
Gastroptychus,....................................................................... 13
Gastroptychus hawaiiensis,.................................................. 13
GECARCINIDAE, ............................................................... 113
Gelasimus minor,................................................................. 124
Gelasimus telescopicus,....................................................... 122
Gelasimus tetragonon,......................................................... 124
Geograpsus, .......................................................................... 113
Geograpsus crinipes,............................................................ 113
Geograpsus severnsi, ............................................................. 12
Geograpsus lividus, .............................................................. 113
Geosesarma, ........................................................................ 120
Geosesarma angustifrons,.................................................... 120
Glabropilumnus,................................................................... 61
Glabropilumnus seminudus, ................................................ 61
Glyptocarcinus truncatus,...................................................... 88
GONEPLACIDAE,................................................. 8, 9, 11, 44
GONEPLACOIDEA,........................................................... 44
Goniocaphyra inaequalis,...................................................... 65
Goniograpsus plicatus,......................................................... 117
Gonioinfradens, .................................................................... 72
Gonioinfradens paucidentata, .............................................. 72
Goniosoma danae, ................................................................. 73
Goniosoma erythrodactylum,................................................. 72
Goniosoma hellerii, ............................................................... 71
Goniosoma inaequalis, .......................................................... 66
Goniosoma orientale,............................................................. 71
Goniosoma paucidentatum, ...................................................72
Goniosupradens erythrodactyla,............................................ 72
GRAPSIDAE,.................................................................. 9, 113
Grapsillus cymodoce,............................................................. 80
Grapsillus digitalis, ............................................................... 80
Grapsillus ferrugineus,.......................................................... 80
Grapsillus ferrugineus intermedius, ...................................... 81
Grapsillus maculatus, ............................................................ 82
Grapsillus rufopunctatus,...................................................... 82
Grapsillus rufopunctatus flavopunctatus,.............................. 81
GRAPSOIDEA,................................................................... 113
Grapsus,................................................................................ 113
Grapsus albolineatus, .......................................................... 113
Grapsus crinipes,.................................................................. 113
Grapsus grapsus, .................................................................. 114
Grapsus grapsus tenuicrustatus,........................................... 114
Grapsus hirtus,...................................................................... 114
Grapsus longitarsis, ............................................................. 114
Grapsus maculatus, .............................................................. 114
Grapsus maculatus var. tenuicrustatus,................................ 114
Grapsus oceanicus,............................................................... 115
Grapsus pictus, ..................................................................... 114
Grapsus plicatus, .................................................................. 117
Grapsus rudis,....................................................................... 114
Grapsus strigosus, ................................................................ 113
Grapsus strigosus longitarsis, .............................................. 114
Grapsus subquadratus, ......................................................... 114
Grapsus tenuicrustatus,....................................................... 114
Grapsus thukuhar,................................................................. 115
CASTRO
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Grapsus (Eriocheir) penicillatus, ........................................ 122
Guitonia,.............................................................................. 101
Guitonia leimomi,................................................................ 101
Halimus hilgendorfi,.............................................................. 50
Halimus ovatus,...................................................................... 50
Halimus tenuicornis,.............................................................. 50
Hapalocarcinus,................................................................... 111
Hapalocarcinus marsupialis,............................................... 111
Harrovia truncata,................................................................. 88
Hemigrapsus,....................................................................... 121
Hemigrapsus crassimanus, .................................................. 121
Hemigrapsus penicillatus,.................................................... 122
Hemipagurus granulatus, ...................................................... 26
Heterocrypta petrosa,............................................................. 57
Heteronucia,.......................................................................... 46
Heteronucia spinifera,.......................................................... 46
HETEROTREMATA,.......................................................... 38
HEXAPODIDAE, .................................................................. 11
Hippa, ................................................................................... 18
Hippa marmorata, ................................................................. 18
Hippa pacifica,....................................................................... 18
HIPPIDAE,................................................................. 8, 12, 18
HIPPOIDEA,.................................................................. 10, 17
Homalodromia, ..................................................................... 32
Homalodromia coppingeri,................................................... 32
Homola, ................................................................................. 34
Homola dickinsoni, ............................................................... 34
Homola ikedai,....................................................................... 34
Homola orientalis,................................................................. 34
Homola (Parhomola) japonica,............................................. 36
Homola (Parhomola) majora,................................................ 35
HOMOLIDAE,................................................................. 9, 34
HOMOLOIDEA,.................................................................. 34
Huenia, .................................................................................. 48
Huenia brevirostrata,............................................................. 48
Huenia heraldica,.................................................................. 48
Huenia proteus,...................................................................... 48
Huenia simplex,...................................................................... 49
Hyastenus,............................................................................. 50
Hyastenus hilgendorfi,.......................................................... 50
Hyastenus ovatus, .................................................................. 50
Hyastenus spinosus,.............................................................. 50
Hyastenus tenuicornis,........................................................... 50
Hypsophrys williamsi,............................................................ 35
INACHIDAE, ................................................................... 9, 51
Inachus (Oncinopus) aranea,................................................. 52
Jacforus,.............................................................................. 102
Jacforus cavatus,................................................................. 102
Jonesius,................................................................................ 78
Jonesius triunguiculatus,...................................................... 78
Juxtaxanthias, ..................................................................... 101
Juxtaxanthias intonsus, ...................................................... 102
Kraussia,................................................................................ 96
Kraussia hendersoni,............................................................. 97
Kraussia integra,.................................................................... 97
Kraussia nitida,...................................................................... 97
Kraussia rugulosa,................................................................ 96
KRAUSSIINAE,................................................................... 96
Labuanium,.......................................................................... 120
Labuanium rotundatum,....................................................... 120
Lachnopodus,...................................................................... 102
Lachnopodus bidentatus,.................................................... 102
Lachnopodus subacutus,...................................................... 102
Lagostoma nodosa,.............................................................. 103
Lahaina, ................................................................................ 50
Lahaina ovata,....................................................................... 50
Laleonectes,........................................................................... 64
Laleonectes nipponensis,...................................................... 64
Lambrachaeus,...................................................................... 58
Lambrachaeus ramifer, ........................................................ 58
Lambrus hoplonotus, ............................................................. 57
Lambrus lamelliger,............................................................... 59
Lambrus longispinis,.............................................................. 60
Lambrus whitei, ..................................................................... 57
Lambrus (Parthenopoides) erosus,........................................ 58
Lambrus (Rhinolambrus) longispinis, ................................... 60
Lamoha,................................................................................. 35
Lamoha williamsi,................................................................. 35
Lasiodromia sp.,..................................................................... 32
Latreillia,............................................................................... 36
Latreillia metanesa,............................................................... 36
LATREILLIIDAE, .......................................................... 9, 36
Latreillopsis,.......................................................................... 35
Latreillopsis alcocki,.............................................................. 35
Latreillopsis cornuta,............................................................ 35
Latreillopsis hawaiiensis, ...................................................... 36
Leptodius, ............................................................................ 102
Leptodius exaratus,............................................................. 102
Leptodius exaratus var. sanguineus,.................................... 103
Leptodius gracilis,............................................................... 102
Leptodius molokaiensis,......................................................... 93
Leptodius nudipes, .............................................................. 103
Leptodius sanguineus, ........................................................ 103
Leptodius waialuanus, ........................................................... 94
LEUCOSIIDAE, ........................................................ 9, 12, 46
LEUCOSIOIDEA, ............................................................... 46
Lewindromia, ........................................................................ 32
Lewindromia unidentata,...................................................... 32
Liagore,................................................................................ 103
Liagore rubromaculata, ....................................................... 103
Libystes,................................................................................. 66
Libystes edwardsii,................................................................. 66
Libystes nitidus, ..................................................................... 66
Libystes villosus,.................................................................... 66
Liocarpilodes,........................................................................ 91
Liocarpilodes biunguis,......................................................... 91
Liocarpilodes integerrimus,.................................................. 91
Liomera, ................................................................................ 97
Liomera bella, ....................................................................... 97
Liomera medipacifica,.......................................................... 97
Liomera pallida,.................................................................... 98
Liomera praetexta,............................................................... 100
Liomera rubra,...................................................................... 98
Liomera rugata,..................................................................... 98
Liomera supernodosa,........................................................... 98
Liomera tristis,...................................................................... 99
Liomera virgata,.................................................................... 99
Liomera (Liomera) bella,....................................................... 97
Liomera (Liomera) rubra,...................................................... 98
Liomera (Liomera) rugata,.................................................... 98
Liomera (Liomera) supernodosa,.......................................... 99
Liomera (Liomera) tristis,...................................................... 99
Liomera (Liomera) virgata,................................................... 99
LIOMERINAE,.................................................................... 97
Zootaxa 2947 © 2011 Magnolia Press · 149
CATALOG OF HAWAIIAN CRABS
Lissocarcinus,........................................................................ 64
Lissocarcinus laevis, ............................................................. 64
Lissocarcinus orbicularis,..................................................... 65
Lithodes, ................................................................................ 18
Lithodes longispina,.............................................................. 18
Lithodes nintokuae,............................................................... 19
LITHODIDAE,................................................................. 8, 18
LITHODOIDEA, ........................................................... 10, 18
Lophactaea eydouxii, ........................................................... 109
Lophactaea granulosa, ........................................................ 109
Lophozozymus,.................................................................... 108
Lophozozymus actoides,....................................................... 110
Lophozozymus dodone, ....................................................... 108
Lophozozymus incisus,........................................................ 108
Lophozozymus intonsus,....................................................... 102
Lophozozymus pulchellus,.................................................. 109
Lupa pubescens,..................................................................... 70
Lupa sanguinolenta,............................................................... 69
LUPOCYCLINAE, .............................................................. 66
Lupocyclus,............................................................................ 66
Lupocyclus inaequalis,.......................................................... 66
Lupocyclus quinquedentatus, ............................................... 67
Lybia, ................................................................................. 100
Lybia caestifera, ...................................................................100
Lybia edmondsoni, .............................................................. 100
Lybia tessellata,................................................................... 100
Lydia, ................................................................................... 44
Lydia annulipes, .................................................................... 44
Lyreidus, ................................................................................ 37
Lyreidus tridentatus,.............................................................. 37
Macromedaeus, ................................................................... 103
Macromedaeus crassimanus,.............................................. 103
Macromedaeus quinquedentatus,....................................... 104
MACROPHTHALMIDAE, .......................................... 9, 122
Macrophthalmus,................................................................ 122
Macrophthalmus compressipes,........................................... 122
Macrophthalmus convexus,.................................................. 122
Macrophthalmus inermis, .................................................... 122
Macrophthalmus podophthalmus,........................................ 122
Macrophthalmus telescopicus,............................................. 123
Macrophthalmus (Macrophthalmus) convexus,................ 122
Macrophthalmus (Macrophthalmus) telescopicus, ........... 122
MACROPIPIDAE,................................................... 10, 12, 63
Maja (Huenia) heraldica,...................................................... 48
MAJIDAE,..................................................................... 10, 53
MAJINAE,............................................................................ 53
MAJOIDEA,......................................................................... 48
Maldivia triunguiculata,........................................................ 79
Manella spinipes,................................................................... 54
Marratha,............................................................................. 104
Marratha angusta,............................................................... 104
MATHILDELLIDAE,................................................... 10, 45
Medaeops,.............................................................................. 95
Medaeops neglectus, ............................................................. 95
Medaeus,................................................................................ 95
Medaeus elegans, .................................................................. 95
Medaeus ornatus,.................................................................. 95
Medaeus simplex,................................................................... 96
Megametope sulcatus,.......................................................... 101
Melia caestifer,..................................................................... 100
Menaethius,........................................................................... 48
Menaethius inornatus,............................................................ 48
Menaethius monoceros,........................................................ 48
Menippe convexa, .................................................................. 43
Menippe parvulus, ...............................................................107
MENIPPIDAE,............................................................... 10, 43
Metadromia, .......................................................................... 32
Metadromia wilsoni, ............................................................. 32
Metadynomene,..................................................................... 34
Metadynomene devaney,....................................................... 34
METADYNOMENINAE,..................................................... 34
Metasesarma trapezium,....................................................... 119
Metopograpsus, ..................................................................... 14
Metopograpsus eydouxi, ....................................................... 115
Metopograpsus messor,................................................ 114, 115
Metopograpsus messor var. frontalis,................................... 115
Metopograpsus oceanicus,................................................... 115
Metopograpsus thukuhar,............................................ 115, 115
Micippa,................................................................................. 54
Micippa margaritifera var. parca,......................................... 54
Micippa parca,....................................................................... 54
Micippa philyra,.................................................................... 54
Micropagurus,....................................................................... 27
Micropagurus devaneyi, ....................................................... 27
Micropanope,...................................................................... 104
Micropanope sexlobata,...................................................... 104
MITHRACINAE,................................................................. 54
Mithrax asper,........................................................................ 53
Moloha,.................................................................................. 35
Moloha alcocki,..................................................................... 35
Munida, ................................................................................. 16
Munida brucei,....................................................................... 15
Munida hawaiiensis,.............................................................. 16
Munida heteracantha,........................................................... 16
Munida normani,................................................................... 15
MUNIDIDAE, ............................................................ 8, 12, 15
MUNIDOPSIDAE,................................................................. 11
Mursia, .................................................................................. 40
Mursia hawaiiensis,.............................................................. 40
Mursia spinimana,................................................................ 40
Myra, ................................................................................... 46
Myra brevimana,................................................................... 46
Nanopagurus reesei, .............................................................. 26
Nanosesarma,...................................................................... 120
Nanosesarma minutum,...................................................... 120
Nautilograpsus major,.......................................................... 117
Nautilograpsus minutus,....................................................... 117
NECRONECTINAE,........................................................... 67
Nematopagurus, .................................................................... 27
Nematopagurus kosiensis, .................................................... 27
Nematopagurus spinulosensoris, ......................................... 27
Neoliomera,........................................................................... 99
Neoliomera pubescens,......................................................... 99
Neoliomera immigrans, ....................................................... 108
Neoliomera praetexta,......................................................... 100
Neoliomera richtersi, .......................................................... 100
Neoliomera richteroides,..................................................... 100
Neolithes sp.,.......................................................................... 18
Neopanope sp.,....................................................................... 83
Neopilumnoplax major,.......................................................... 45
Neoxanthias,........................................................................ 104
Neoxanthias lacunosus,...................................................... 105
Neoxanthops angustus, ........................................................ 104
Neptunus argentatus, ............................................................. 69
CASTRO
150 · Zootaxa 2947 © 2011 Magnolia Press
Neptunus diacanthus,............................................................. 69
Neptunus sanguinolentus, ...................................................... 69
Neptunus tuberculosus,.......................................................... 71
Neptunus (Achelous) granulatus,........................................... 68
Neptunus (Amphitrite) euglyphus, ......................................... 69
Neptunus (Amphitrite) gladiator var. argentatus,.................. 69
Neptunus (Hellenus) nipponensis, ......................................... 64
Neptunus (Neptunus) sanguinolentus, ................................... 69
Niobafia, ................................................................................ 56
Niobafia erosa, ...................................................................... 56
Notopoides, ............................................................................ 37
Notopoides latus,................................................................... 37
Notosceles,............................................................................. 37
Notosceles sp.,........................................................................ 37
Notosceles viaderi,................................................................. 37
Nucia, ................................................................................... 46
Nucia speciosa,...................................................................... 46
Ocypoda laevis,.................................................................... 123
Ocypoda urvillei,.................................................................. 124
Ocypode, ........................................................................ 48, 123
Ocypode ceratophthalmus,.................................................. 123
Ocypode cordimana, ............................................................ 124
Ocypode gaudichaudii, ........................................................ 123
Ocypode pallidula,............................................................... 123
Ocypode rhombea, ............................................................... 123
Ocypode urvillei,.................................................................. 123
OCYPODIDAE, ........................................................... 10, 122
OCYPODOIDEA, .............................................................. 122
Oncinopus,............................................................................. 52
Oncinopus araneus, .............................................................. 52
Oncinopus neptunus,............................................................ 52
Oncopagurus, ........................................................................ 29
Oncopagurus indicus,........................................................... 29
Opecarcinus,........................................................................ 112
Opecarcinus crescentus, ..................................................... 112
Ophthalmias cervicornis, ....................................................... 51
Oreophorus (Oreotlos) latus,................................................. 47
Oreotlos,................................................................................. 47
Oreotlos angulatus,............................................................... 47
Oreotlos lagarodes,................................................................ 47
Oxypleurodon,....................................................................... 50
Oxypleurodon carbunculus, ................................................. 50
Oxypleurodon coralliophilum,.............................................. 51
OZIIDAE, ....................................................................... 10, 43
Ozius, ................................................................................... 44
Ozius hawaiiensis,................................................................. 44
Pachycheles,.......................................................................... 16
Pachycheles attaragos,.......................................................... 16
Pachycheles pisoides,............................................................ 17
Pachygrapsus, ..................................................................... 116
Pachygrapsus crassipes, ...................................................... 116
Pachygrapsus fakaravensis,................................................ 116
Pachygrapsus longipes, ....................................................... 116
Pachygrapsus marinus,........................................................ 117
Pachygrapsus minutus,....................................................... 116
Pachygrapsus parallelus,..................................................... 115
Pachygrapsus planifrons, ................................................... 116
Pachygrapsus plicatus,........................................................ 117
PAGURIDAE,............................................................. 8, 12, 26
Pagurixus, ............................................................................. 53
Pagurixus festinus,................................................................ 53
Pagurixus nomurai, .............................................................. 54
PAGUROIDEA,................................................................... 19
Pagurus cataphractus,........................................................... 24
Pagurus decorus, ................................................................... 20
Pagurus deformis,.................................................................. 24
Pagurus elegans,.................................................................... 20
Pagurus gemmatus,................................................................ 24
Pagurus guttatus,................................................................... 24
Pagurus laevimanus,.............................................................. 21
Pagurus latens, ...................................................................... 22
Pagurus punctatus, ................................................................ 25
Pagurus varipes, .................................................................... 24
Pagurus zebra,................................................................. 23, 29
Palapedia, .............................................................................. 96
Palapedia hendersoni,........................................................... 97
Palapedia integra, ................................................................. 97
PALICIDAE,.............................................................. 8, 10, 54
PALICOIDEA,............................................................ 8, 11, 54
Palicus sp.,............................................................................. 55
Palicus fisheri,....................................................................... 55
Palicus investigatoris,............................................................ 55
Palicus maculatus,................................................................. 54
Palicus oahuensis, ................................................................. 55
Palicus tuberculatus,.............................................................. 55
PANOPEIDAE,.............................................................. 10, 83
PANOPEINAE,.................................................................... 83
Panopeus, .............................................................................. 83
Panopeus caystrus, ................................................................ 77
Panopeus herbsti,................................................................... 83
Panopeus herbstii, ................................................................. 84
Panopeus lacustris, ............................................................... 84
Panopeus latifrons, .............................................................. 106
Panopeus pacificus, ............................................................... 83
Paractaea,.............................................................................. 86
Paractaea retusa,................................................................... 86
Paractaea garretti,................................................................. 86
Paractaea rufopunctata,.................................................... 9, 86
Paractaea rufopunctata forma intermedia,......................... 86
Paractaea rufopunctata forma primarathbunae,................ 86
Paractaea rufopunctata forma tertiarathbunae,................. 87
Paractaea secundarathbunae, .............................................. 87
Paragiopagurus,.................................................................... 29
Paragiopagurus boletifer, ..................................................... 29
Paragiopagurus pacificus,.................................................... 30
Paragiopagurus rugosus,...................................................... 30
Paragiopagurus ruticheles,................................................... 30
Paragiopagurus tuberculosus,.............................................. 30
Paragiopagurus cf. diogenes,................................................ 29
Paramedaeus,................................................................. 95, 96
Paramedaeus octogesimus,................................................... 96
Paramedaeus simplex, .......................................................... 96
Paramunida,.......................................................................... 16
Paramunida hawaiiensis, ..................................................... 16
PARAPAGURIDAE,........................................................ 8, 29
Parapagurus affinis, .............................................................. 31
Parapagurus boletifer,........................................................... 29
Parapagurus bicristatus indicus,........................................... 29
Parapagurus dofleini,............................................................ 31
Parapagurus gracilipes, ........................................................ 30
Parapagurus ruticheles,......................................................... 30
Parapagurus rugosus,............................................................ 30
Parapagurus ruticheles, ......................................................... 59
Parapagurus tuberculosus,.................................................... 30
Zootaxa 2947 © 2011 Magnolia Press · 151
CATALOG OF HAWAIIAN CRABS
Parathranites,........................................................................ 63
Parathranites hexagonus,..................................................... 63
Parathranites latibrachium,................................................... 70
Paraxanthias, ...................................................................... 105
Paraxanthias flavescens, .................................................... 105
Paraxanthias notatus,......................................................... 106
Paraxanthias pachydactylus,.............................................. 107
Parhomola spinimana,........................................................... 36
Parhomola alcocki, ................................................................ 35
Paromola, .............................................................................. 36
Paromola japonica,............................................................... 36
Parthenope calappoides,........................................................ 59
Parthenope complanata, ........................................................ 58
Parthenope horrida,............................................................... 56
Parthenope lacunosa, ............................................................ 58
Parthenope stellata,............................................................... 58
Parthenope (Aulacolambrus) hoplonotus,............................. 57
Parthenope (Aulacolambrus) whitei, ..................................... 57
Parthenope (Parthenolambrus) calappoides,.................. 58, 59
Parthenope (Platylambrus) complanata,............................... 58
Parthenope (Platylambrus) lacunosa, ................................... 58
Parthenope (Platylambrus) nummifera, ................................ 59
Parthenope (Platylambrus) stellata,................................ 58, 59
Parthenope (Platylambrus) stellata complanata,.................. 58
Parthenope (Platylambrus) stellata lacunosa, ...................... 58
Parthenope (Rhinolambrus) lamelligera,.............................. 59
PARTHENOPIDAE,...................................................... 10, 56
PARTHENOPINAE,............................................................ 57
PARTHENOPOIDEA, ........................................................ 56
Patulambrus,......................................................................... 59
Patulambrus nummifera,...................................................... 59
Pele,................................................................................... 65
Pele ramseyi.......................................................................... , 65
Peloeus,.................................................................................. 44
Peloeus armatus,.................................................................... 44
Pelycomaia, ......................................................................... 112
Pelycomaia minuta,............................................................. 112
PERCNIDAE,........................................................... 6, 10, 117
Percnon,............................................................................... 117
Percnon abbreviatum,......................................................... 118
Percnon affine,.................................................................... 118
Percnon pilimanus,.............................................................. 118
Percnon planissimum, ........................................................ 118
Perinia, .................................................................................. 49
Perinia tumida,...................................................................... 49
Persephona brevimana,.......................................................... 46
Persephona tuberculosa,........................................................ 46
Petrolisthes,........................................................................... 17
Petrolisthes cinctipes, ............................................................ 17
Petrolisthes coccineus, .......................................................... 17
Phylladiorhynchus, ............................................................... 15
Phylladiorhynchus integrirostris,......................................... 15
Phymodius laysani,................................................................ 93
Phymodius monticulosus,....................................................... 90
Phymodius nitidus,................................................................. 89
Phymodius obscurus, ............................................................. 90
Phymodius ungulatus,............................................................ 90
Pilodius,................................................................................. 91
Pilodius ? kauaiensis, ........................................................... 92
Pilodius aberrans,.................................................................. 90
Pilodius areolatus,................................................................. 91
Pilodius flavus,...................................................................... 92
Pilodius nigrocrinitus,.......................................................... 92
Pilodius nitidus, ..................................................................... 89
Pilodius paumotensis,........................................................... 93
PILUMNIDAE, .............................................................. 10, 60
PILUMNINAE, .................................................................... 60
PILUMNOIDEA,................................................................. 60
Pilumnoplax cooki,................................................................ 45
Pilumnus, .............................................................................. 61
Pilumnus acutifrons, ............................................................ 61
Pilumnus alcocki,.................................................................. 61
Pilumnus andersoni, .............................................................. 61
Pilumnus globosus,................................................................ 43
Pilumnus longicornis,........................................................... 61
Pilumnus minutus,................................................................ 62
Pilumnus nuttingi,................................................................ 62
Pilumnus oahuensis,............................................................. 62
Pilumnus ovalis,..................................................................... 43
Pilumnus planus,.................................................................... 85
Pilumnus seminudus, ............................................................. 61
Pilumnus taeniola,................................................................ 62
Pilumnus vespertilio,............................................................. 63
PINNOTHEROIDEA,....................................................... 281
Pisa monoceros,..................................................................... 48
PISINAE, .............................................................................. 50
Plagusia,............................................................................... 119
Plagusia depressa, ................................................................ 119
Plagusia depressa tuberculata, .............................................119
Plagusia immaculata, ........................................................... 119
Plagusia orientalis,............................................................... 119
Plagusia planissima,............................................................. 118
Plagusia squamosa,.............................................................. 119
Plagusia tuberculata,............................................................ 119
PLAGUSIIDAE,....................................................... 10,12, 118
Planes, .................................................................................. 117
Planes cyaneus,..................................................................... 117
Planes major,........................................................................ 117
Planes marinus,.................................................................... 117
Planes minutus,..................................................................... 117
Platepistoma,......................................................................... 40
Platepistoma macrophthalmus,............................................ 41
Platyonichus rugulosus,......................................................... 96
Platyozius,.............................................................................. 44
Platyozius laevis, ................................................................... 45
Platypodia,........................................................................... 109
Platypodia actaeoides,.......................................................... 110
Platypodia eydouxi,............................................................. 109
Platypodia fissa,.................................................................... 111
Platypodia granulosa,......................................................... 109
Platypodia hawaiiensis,........................................................ 111
Platypodia semigranosa,..................................................... 109
PLATYXANTHIDAE, .......................................................... 44
Pleurophricus spinipes,.......................................................... 54
PODOPHTHALMINAE, .................................................... 67
Podophthalmus, .................................................................... 67
Podophthalmus vigil, ............................................................ 67
PODOTREMATA,............................................................... 31
POLYDECTINAE,............................................................. 100
Polydectus,........................................................................... 101
Polydectus cupulifer,........................................................... 101
Porcellana coccineus,............................................................ 17
Porcellana pisoides,............................................................... 17
PORCELLANIDAE, ................................................. 8, 10, 16
CASTRO
152 · Zootaxa 2947 © 2011 Magnolia Press
Porcellanopagurus,............................................................... 28
Porcellanopagurus platei,..................................................... 28
PORTUNIDAE,.............................................................. 10, 64
PORTUNINAE,.................................................................... 68
PORTUNOIDEA,................................................................. 63
Portunus,............................................................................... 69
Portunus sp., .......................................................................... 70
Portunus erythrodactylus,...................................................... 72
Portunus euglyphus,............................................................... 69
Portunus granulatus,.............................................................. 68
Portunus latibrachium, .......................................................... 70
Portunus longispinosus,......................................................... 70
Portunus macrophthalmus, .................................................... 71
Portunus oahuensis,............................................................... 64
Portunus pubescens, .............................................................. 70
Portunus orbicularis,............................................................. 68
Portunus sanguinolentus,....................................................... 69
Portunus sanguinolentus sanguinolentus, ............................. 70
Portunus sanguinolentus hawaiensis,.................................... 70
Portunus suborbicularis,........................................................ 68
Portunus vigil,........................................................................ 67
Portunus (Achelous) argentatus,............................................ 69
Portunus (Achelous) granulatus, ..................................... 68, 69
Portunus (Achelous) orbicularis,........................................... 68
Portunus (Monomia),............................................................ 69
Portunus (Monomia) argentatus argentatus,....................... 69
Portunus (Monomia) euglyphus,.......................................... 69
Portunus (Portunus),............................................................ 69
Portunus (Portunus) hawaiiensis,.......................................... 69
Portunus (Portunus) pubescens, .......................................... 70
Portunus (Portunus) sanguinolentus hawaiiensis, ................ 70
Portunus (Portunus) vocans, ................................................. 64
Portunus (Xiphonectes), ....................................................... 70
Portunus (Xiphonectes) latibrachium, ................................... 70
Portunus (Xiphonectes) longispinosus,.................................. 70
Portunus (Xiphonectes) longispinosus longispinosus,........ 70
Portunus (Xiphonectes) macrophthalmus, .......................... 71
Portunus (Xiphonectes) tuberculosus, ................................... 71
Prismatopus.......................................................................... , 53
Prismatopus brevispinosus,.................................................... 53
Prismatopus goldsboroughi,................................................. 53
Progeryon,............................................................................. 45
Progeryon sp.,........................................................................ 45
Progeryon mus,..................................................................... 45
PROGERYONIDAE,..................................................... 10, 45
Propagurus, ........................................................................... 28
Propagurus deprofundis,...................................................... 28
Pseudocryptochirus crescentus,........................................... 112
Pseudocryptochirus kahe, .................................................... 112
Pseudolambrus,..................................................................... 59
Pseudolambrus calappoides,................................................. 59
Pseudoliomera,...................................................................... 87
Pseudoliomera helleri,.......................................................... 87
Pseudoliomera remota, ......................................................... 87
Pseudoliomera speciosa, ....................................................... 87
Pseudoliomera variolosa,...................................................... 88
Pseudomunida,...................................................................... 14
Pseudomunida fragilis, ......................................................... 14
Pseudopalicus,....................................................................... 55
Pseudopalicus investigatoris,................................................ 55
Pseudopalicus oahuensis, ..................................................... 55
PSEUDORHOMBILIIDAE,.................................................. 11
PSEUDOZIIDAE,.......................................................... 10, 77
PSEUDOZIOIDEA,............................................................. 77
Pseudozius,............................................................................ 77
Pseudozius (Platyozius) laevis,.............................................. 45
Pseudozius caystrus,............................................................. 77
Pseudozius inornatus,........................................................... 77
Pseudozius triunguiculatus, ................................................... 78
Pygmaeopagurus,.................................................................. 28
Pygmaeopagurus hadrochirus,............................................. 28
Pylopaguropsis,..................................................................... 29
Pylopaguropsis keiji,............................................................. 29
Randallia,.............................................................................. 47
Randallia distincta,................................................................ 47
Randallia gilberti,................................................................. 47
Ranina,.................................................................................. 37
Ranina ranina,...................................................................... 37
Ranina serrata, ...................................................................... 37
RANINIDAE, ................................................................. 10, 37
RANINOIDEA, .................................................................... 37
Remipes marmoratus, ............................................................ 18
Remipes pacificus, ................................................................. 18
RETROPLUMIDAE,.............................................................. 11
Rhinolambrus,....................................................................... 59
Rhinolambrus contrarius, .................................................... 59
Rhinolambrus lamelliger,..................................................... 59
Rhinolambrus longispinis,.................................................... 60
Rueppellia annulipes,............................................................. 44
Sakaila, .................................................................................. 78
Sakaila wanawana, ................................................................ 78
Sarmatium faxoni,................................................................ 120
Schizophroida,....................................................................... 53
Schizophroida hilensis,......................................................... 53
Schizophrys,........................................................................... 53
Schizophrys aspera,............................................................... 53
Schizophryx hilensis,.............................................................. 53
Scylla, ................................................................................... 67
Scylla serrata,........................................................................ 67
Sesarma (Holometopus) obtusifrons,................................... 120
Sesarma (Holometopus) trapezium,...................................... 119
Sesarma (Sesarma) rotundata,............................................. 120
Sesarma minuta,................................................................... 120
Sesarma obtusifrons,............................................................ 120
Sesarma rotundata,.............................................................. 120
Sesarma rubipes,................................................................... 119
Sesarma trapezium, ...............................................................119
SESARMIDAE,............................................................. 10, 119
Simocarcinus,........................................................................ 49
Simocarcinus simplex,.......................................................... 49
Solitariopagurus,................................................................... 29
Solitariopagurus tuerkayi, .................................................... 29
Sphaerozius, .......................................................................... 43
Sphaerozius nitidus,.............................................................. 43
Sphenocarcinus carbunculus, ................................................ 50
Sphenocarcinus coralliophilus, .............................................. 51
Stebbingdromia, .................................................................... 32
Stebbingdromia plumosa,..................................................... 32
Stenocenops cervicornis,........................................................ 51
Stilbognathus,........................................................................ 51
Stilbognathus cervicornis, .................................................... 51
Strobopagurus,...................................................................... 30
Strobopagurus gracilipes,..................................................... 30
Sympagurus,.......................................................................... 31
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CATALOG OF HAWAIIAN CRABS
Sympagurus affinis, .............................................................. 31
Sympagurus bicristatus var. indicus, ..................................... 29
Sympagurus dofleini, ............................................................ 31
Sympagurus pacificus,........................................................... 30
Sympagurus gracilipes,.......................................................... 30
Tanaoa, .................................................................................. 47
Tanaoa distin ctus,.................................................................. 47
Tetralia,.................................................................................. 79
Tetralia glaberrima,............................................................... 79
Tetralia heterodactyla,........................................................... 79
Tetralia muta,......................................................................... 79
Tetralia nigrifrons,................................................................. 79
Tetralia ocucaerulea,............................................................. 79
TETRALIIDAE,................................................... 8, 10, 11, 79
Tetraloides,............................................................................. 79
Tetraloides heterodactyla, ..................................................... 79
Tetraloides nigrifrons,........................................................... 79
Tetraloides vanninii,............................................................... 79
Thalamita,.............................................................................. 72
Thalamita admete,................................................................. 72
Thalamita admete var. edwardsi,........................................... 73
Thalamita alcocki,.................................................................. 75
Thalamita anomala,.............................................................. 73
Thalamita auauensis,............................................................ 73
Thalamita coeruleipes,.......................................................... 73
Thalamita crenata, ................................................................ 74
Thalamita dakini, .................................................................. 74
Thalamita edwardsi,............................................................... 73
Thalamita exetastica var. spinifera,....................................... 76
Thalamita gloriensis,............................................................. 74
Thalamita gracilipes,............................................................. 74
Thalamita integra,.................................................................. 75
Thalamita integra integra,.................................................... 75
Thalamita kukenthali, ............................................................ 75
Thalamita medipacifica, ........................................................ 74
Thalamita multispinosa, ....................................................... 75
Thalamita picta,............................................................... 75, 76
Thalamita pulchra,................................................................. 72
Thalamita seurati, ................................................................. 76
Thalamita sexlobata,............................................................. 76
Thalamita sima,..................................................................... 76
Thalamita spiceri,.................................................................. 76
Thalamita spinifera,.............................................................. 76
Thalamita stephensoni, ......................................................... 77
Thalamita wakensis,............................................................... 76
THALAMITINAE,.............................................................. 71
Thalamitodes tridens tridens,................................................. 77
Thalamitoides,....................................................................... 77
Thalamitoides quadridens,.................................................... 77
Thalamonyx gracilipes,.......................................................... 74
Thelxiope orientalis, .............................................................. 35
THORACOTREMATA, ..................................................... 111
Thyraplax, ............................................................................. 45
Thyraplax cooki,.................................................................... 45
Thyrolambrus rathbuni, ......................................................... 56
Tlos angulatus, ....................................................................... 47
Tlos latus,............................................................................... 47
Trapezia, .......................................................................... 11, 79
Trapezia acutifrons,................................................................ 82
Trapezia bidentata, ................................................................ 80
Trapezia cymodoce,........................................................ 80, 176
Trapezia cymodoce ferruginea,.............................................. 80
Trapezia cymodoce intermedia,....................................... 80, 81
Trapezia cymodoce maculata,................................................ 83
Trapezia digitalis, .................................................................. 80
Trapezia ferruginea,............................................................... 80
Trapezia ferruginea maculata,............................................... 82
Trapezia ferruginea var. intermedia, ..................................... 81
Trapezia flavopunctata,......................................................... 80
Trapezia guttata,.................................................................... 80
Trapezia intermedia, ............................................................. 81
Trapezia latifrons,.................................................................. 81
Trapezia maculata,........................................................... 81, 82
Trapezia neglecta,.................................................................. 82
Trapezia rufopunctata,.................................................... 81, 82
Trapezia rufopunctata var. intermedia, .................................. 81
Trapezia speciosa,............................................................. 11, 82
Trapezia tigrina,.................................................................... 82
Trapezia wardi, ...................................................................... 83
TRAPEZIIDAE,.................................................... 8, 10, 11, 79
TRAPEZIINAE,................................................................... 79
TRAPEZIOIDEA,................................................................ 78
TRICHODACTYLIDAE,...................................................... 83
TRICHODACTYLOIDEA,................................................... 83
Trichodactylus punctatus,...................................................... 83
TRICHOPELTARIIDAE,....................................................... 11
Trigonothir simplex,............................................................... 49
Trizopagurus hawaiiensis, ..................................................... 23
Trizopagurus strigatus, .......................................................... 23
Troglocarcinus (Favicola) minutus,...................................... 112
Troglocarcinus (Troglocarcinus) crescentus,........................ 112
Tumidodromia,...................................................................... 33
Tumidodromia dormia,......................................................... 33
Tutankhamen pteromerus,...................................................... 57
Tweedieia,.............................................................................. 93
Tweedieia laysani, ............................................................... 293
TYCHINAE,......................................................................... 51
Typhlocarcinodes crassipes, .................................................. 63
Uca, ................................................................................. 124
Uca minor, ........................................................................... 124
Uca tetragonon, ................................................................... 124
Uroptychus, ........................................................................... 21
Uroptychus magnispinatus, .................................................. 13
Uroptychus setosidigitalis, .................................................... 13
Uroptychus similis,................................................................ 13
Utinomia dimorpha,.............................................................. 112
Utinomiella,.......................................................................... 112
Utinomiella dimorpha,......................................................... 112
VARUNIDAE, ........................................................ 10, 12, 121
VARUNINAE, .................................................................... 121
Xanthias,.............................................................................. 105
Xanthias canaliculatus, ...................................................... 106
Xanthias flavescens,............................................................. 105
Xanthias glabrous,.............................................................. 106
Xanthias lamarckii,............................................................. 106
Xanthias latifrons, .............................................................. 106
Xanthias minutus, ................................................................. 106
Xanthias notatus, ................................................................. 105
Xanthias oahuensis,............................................................ 106
Xanthias pachydactylus, ...................................................... 105
XANTHIDAE,............................................ 5, 7, 10, 11, 12, 84
XANTHINAE,.................................................................... 101
Xantho bidentatus, ............................................................... 102
Xantho crassimanus,............................................................ 104
CASTRO
154 · Zootaxa 2947 © 2011 Magnolia Press
Xantho danae,...................................................................... 103
Xantho depressus, .................................................................. 85
Xantho eudora,..................................................................... 102
Xantho gracilis,.................................................................... 103
Xantho granulosus, .............................................................. 109
Xantho incisus,..................................................................... 108
Xantho intonsus,................................................................... 102
Xantho lacunosus,................................................................ 105
Xantho lamarckii,................................................................. 106
Xantho neglectus,................................................................... 95
Xantho quinquedentatus,...................................................... 104
Xantho sanguineus,.............................................................. 103
Xantho (Leptodius) exaratus,............................................... 102
Xanthodes notatus,............................................................... 105
Xanthodes pachydactylus,.................................................... 105
Xanthodius biunguis,.............................................................. 91
XANTHOIDEA,................................................................... 83
Xenocarcinus,......................................................................... 48
Yaldwynopsis,........................................................................ 36
Yaldwynopsis spinimanus,.................................................... 36
ZALASIINAE,.................................................................... 107
Zoozymodes biunguis,............................................................ 91
ZOSIMINAE,..................................................................... 107
Zosimus, ............................................................................... 110
Zosimus actaeoides, ............................................................. 110
Zosimus aeneus,................................................................... 110
Zosimus hawaiiensis,........................................................... 110
Zozymodes biunguis,.............................................................. 91
Zozymus pubescens,............................................................... 99
Zozymus rugata,..................................................................... 98
Zozymus tomentosus, ............................................................. 84
