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Adult of Junonia villida calybe (Godart, 1819). (Photo: from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meadow_argus). Addendum. During the morning of 30 December 2021 which was warm and clear with a very slight breeze, I visited the area around my childhood address of 144 Jamison Road, Penrith (Figs. 3,4) and noted that some of the trees of Grey Box, Eucalyptus moluccana F. Muell. (Myrtaceae) in the school grounds were still standing but no native herbs or shrubs were present (Figs. 5,6). Other areas behind the school grounds which were forested are now totally cleared for housing (Fig. 6) but some butterflies of Zizina otis labradus and Pieris rapae rapae were observed flying around weeds. I photographed areas where I observed the Junonia butterflies during the summers of 1962-1965 such as footpaths and the front yard of the house I lived in at 144 Jamison Road (see Figs. 3-5) and all areas still possessed grass species, e.g. Cenchrus clandestinus Hochst. ex Chiov., Cynodon dactylon (L. ) Pers. and Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees (Poaceae) which were present 60 years ago. Just as I was leaving from the footpath near the school, a single J. v. calybe was noticed flying near my feet and then it landed and fed from a flower head of Hypochoeris radicata L. (Asteraceae). Unfortunately, no. J. orithya were observed. The CPW woodland (Fig. 6) was extensively treed in the 1960's and I also believe it once contained Ironbarks, Eucalyptus crebra F. Muell. as well as various native shrubs, grasses and herbs. It is surprising that some E. moluccana trees still exist on the school grounds despite the removal of the native shrub and herb layers (Fig. 6).

Adult of Junonia villida calybe (Godart, 1819). (Photo: from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meadow_argus). Addendum. During the morning of 30 December 2021 which was warm and clear with a very slight breeze, I visited the area around my childhood address of 144 Jamison Road, Penrith (Figs. 3,4) and noted that some of the trees of Grey Box, Eucalyptus moluccana F. Muell. (Myrtaceae) in the school grounds were still standing but no native herbs or shrubs were present (Figs. 5,6). Other areas behind the school grounds which were forested are now totally cleared for housing (Fig. 6) but some butterflies of Zizina otis labradus and Pieris rapae rapae were observed flying around weeds. I photographed areas where I observed the Junonia butterflies during the summers of 1962-1965 such as footpaths and the front yard of the house I lived in at 144 Jamison Road (see Figs. 3-5) and all areas still possessed grass species, e.g. Cenchrus clandestinus Hochst. ex Chiov., Cynodon dactylon (L. ) Pers. and Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees (Poaceae) which were present 60 years ago. Just as I was leaving from the footpath near the school, a single J. v. calybe was noticed flying near my feet and then it landed and fed from a flower head of Hypochoeris radicata L. (Asteraceae). Unfortunately, no. J. orithya were observed. The CPW woodland (Fig. 6) was extensively treed in the 1960's and I also believe it once contained Ironbarks, Eucalyptus crebra F. Muell. as well as various native shrubs, grasses and herbs. It is surprising that some E. moluccana trees still exist on the school grounds despite the removal of the native shrub and herb layers (Fig. 6).

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Abstract: The Blue Argus, Junonia orithya albicincta Butler, 1875 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) appears to be extinct in western Sydney, New South Wales where a population of this species once existed in the Penrith-lower Blue Mountains area. The species was once common in urban areas on footpaths and in paddocks during the 1960s. Further research wor...

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... It is because there are no butterflies exploit human built-in habitats such as buildings (Sing et al. 2019). The additional most common butterflies, J. orithya in Bekasi was usually observed on grasses (Hawkeswood 2022). The N. hylas was one of the most abundant species in Tangerang which probably reflects the available and also suitable habitats. ...
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Winarni NL, Nuruliawati, Anugra BG, Junaid AR, Widayanti S, Aslan, Nugroho A, Miga I, Kurniawan MB, Liestanti M, Lutfiani RA, Wulandari Y. 2023. Can cities provide butterfly-friendly habitats? Biodiversitas 24: 2334-2341. Cities are progressively changed over time, creating land use changes with reduced green space areas. On the other hand, urban habitats offer a range of opportunities for biodiversity including butterflies which also act as an ecological health indicator. In Indonesia, like Jakarta Greater Area, or the so-called Jabodetabek which comprised Jakarta and its satellite cities, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi, is highly urbanized. However, its capabilities to support the butterfly community are still little known. Thus, this paper aims to identify Jakarta Greater Area’s potential as urban habitat for butterflies through a citizen science approach namely KupuKita. The data were collected from June 2021 to November 2022. The survey used KupuKita platform, an online questionnaire established in 2021, which focused on three families, Nymphalidae, Papilionidae, and Pieridae. Its species richness, diversity and community pattern were analyzed consecutively by using Shannon-Wiener and Simpson’s Index. Next, the results were also analyzed towards the vegetation strata (grasses, shrubs, and trees) as observed during the data collection. The results suggested that Jakarta, Tangerang, and Bekasi have the least diverse butterfly community in comparison to Depok and Bogor. The butterfly community in Depok and Bogor was similar, both high in richness and diversity. Such similarity was potentially due to the wide arrays of remaining habitats that supported butterfly communities in three strata. The shrubs support more species richness rather than other strata. Bogor and Depok were potentially support more species in all three strata. Hence, because of the closely plant-butterfly relationships, vegetation interventions are crucial to increase the complexity of vegetation and create a butterfly-friendly habitat.