Diversity and distribution pattern of epiphyllous liverworts and its ecological determinants
JIANG Yan-Bin1, SHAO Xiao-Ming2, *
1College of Resources and Environments, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China2Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
Epiphyllous liverworts form a special group of bryophytes that primarily grow on leaves of understory vascular plants, occurring in constantly moist and warm evergreen forest in tropical and subtropical regions. Epiphyllous liverworts may influence ecosystem processes including carbon, nitrogen and water cycles. Furthermore, they are very sensitive to climate change and forest fragmentation, and can be used as bioindicators for changes in ecological conditions and escalating loss of biodiversity. In this paper, we reviewed studies on morphological traits, species diversity, geographical distribution and environmental conditions (including characteristics of hosts and habitats) of epiphyllous liverworts, discussed the possible reasons for the mechanisms underlying the diversity pattern of epiphyllous liverworts. According to these studies, we proposed that further ecological studies on epiphyllous liverworts should be more focused on their formation, mechanisms of matter exchange and energy flux, ecological functions in forest ecosystem, the response to climate changes and their broader-scale ecology.
Keywords：bryophytes
;
species diversity
;
geographical distribution
;
environment
JIANGYan-Bin, SHAO Xiao-Ming. Diversity and distribution pattern of epiphyllous liverworts and its ecological determinants[J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2016, 40(5): 523-1606021555-2-532 https://doi.org/10.17521/cjpe.2015.0359
Fig. 1 Floristic regions where epiphyllous liverworts occur. ★ represents the north records of British Columbia and Chiltern Hills, England. AND, The Andes; ANT, The Antilles; AUA, Australasia, including Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand and the neighbouring islands; CAF, Central Africa including Zaire, Rwanda and Burundi, EAF, East Africa from Ethiopia to Mozambique; GUI, The Guyanas; ICH, Indochina from the Chittagong Hills of Bangladesh to Vietnam; IND, India with the Himalayas, Khasia Hills and lowland Bangladesh and Sri Lanka; LSA, Amazonia and other lowland parts of South America such as Choco and the Orinoco basin; MAC, Macaronesia; MAD, Madagascar and the Seychelles, Comoro and Mascarene Islands; MAL, The Malesian Archipelago; MEA, Mesoamerica from Mexico to Panama; MEL, Melanesia, including the whole New Guinea, New Britain, the Bismarck and Solomon Islands, New Hebrides and New Caledonia ; OAS, East Asia including China, South Korea and Southern Japan; OCE, Oceania, the Pacific from Volcano and the Carolines to Hawaiian Islands and from Fiji to Easter Islands. SAF, South Africa; SBR, The southeastern highlands of Brazil, with Paraguay and the Province Misiones in Argentina; TSA, temperate South America; USA, the southeastern part of United States; WAF, West Africa from Guinea to the Congo. 21 floristic regions were drawn according to Pócs (1996).
An inventory of the understory forest epiphyte and epiphyllous bryophyte floras was carried out in eight Atlantic rain forest fragments. The fragments were between 7 and 500聽ha in size and belonged to two areas (lowland and submontane) of the state of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of habitat fragmentation and changes in the natural landscape on community structure (composition, richness, diversity, and abundance). Although the influence of altitude was noted in this study by increasing richness, diversity, and abundance, it was clear that in some fragments the influence of fragment size and isolation can be more important than this positive environmental factor. Fragment size and isolation affect both communities but the last one seems to be a stronger threatening factor for the epiphylls. The least isolated and the largest fragments housed the richest floras 鈥 especially in relation to the epiphylls 鈥 and had the greatest proportion of shade species. Habitat fragmentation negatively affected epiphytic and epiphyllous bryophytes and increased the representation of species with larger niches (generalists) while decreasing the representation of species with smaller niches (typically found in shady or in sunny areas). The results suggests that the critical fragment size necessary for bryophyte preservation must be correlated with insularity levels; for epiphytes, however, it is likely that low levels of isolation cannot compensate borderline effects as with the epiphyllous bryophytes.
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Note VII: Fissidens ah-pengae and F. aristifer spp. nov. are described and figured. The first is known from La Reunion, the second from Madagascar and La Reunion. Both belong to subgenus Aloma. Note VIII: Fifteen new synonyms are proposed: Fissidens bryoides Hedw. var. glaucus Brid. is subsumed under F. crassipes Wilson ex Bruch & Schimp., F. comorensis Mull. Hal. under F. crispulus Brid., F. sigmocarpoides P. de la Varde under Fissidens erosulus ( Mull. Hal.) Paris, F. atroviridis Besch., and F. luridus Renauld & Cardot under F. flaccidus Mitt., Moenkemeyera rarotongae Dixon and Fissidens jonesii Bizot ex Pocs under F. lagenarius Mitt. var. lagenarius, F. onraedtii Bizot nom. nud. under F. madecassus Schimp. ex Mull. Hal., F. bryum var. terrestris P. de la Varde under F. metzgeria ( Mull. Hal.) Broth., F. edamensis M. Fleisch. under F. pallidinervis Mitt., F. brunnthaleri var. filipes Dixon & P. de la Varde under F. ramulosus Mitt., F. desertorum ( Mull. Hal.) Paris and F. bambariensis Broth. & P. de la Varde under F. reflexus Hampe, F. usambaricus var. acutifolius P. de la Varde under F. usambaricus Broth. and F. glauculus var. circinicaulis ( Cardot) P. de la Varde under F. weirii Mitt. Fissidens gedehensis M. Fleisch. is re-instated as a good species. Note IX: Fifty-five new country and state records including F. anguste-limbatus Mitt. new to Africa. Fissidens pocsii Bizot & Dury ex Pocs is the first record of an epiphyllous species of this genus. The African distributions of F. flaccidus and F. pallidinervis are amended.
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An investigation was carried out into certain aspects of the structural and physiological relationships between an epiphyllous liverwort, Radula flaccida Lbg. et G., and a variety of host leaves. Initial attachment of the epiphylla to the host leaf is aided by an adhesive secretion from the rhizoids of the epiphylla. Some rhizoids subsequently penetrate the leaf cuticle and intrude between epidermal cells. Penetration results in the death of some epidermal cells and rhizoids enter also through the gaps thus created. The presence of well-established epiphyllous colonies was closely associated with increased loss of water from leaves by evaporation. Leaves mechanically stripped of their epiphyllae showed a similarly high rate of water loss. It was shown that water and dissolved radioactive phosphate (salts) can pass from host leaf tissues into the epiphylla. It is concluded that, in traditional terminology, epiphyllous R. flaccida is a semi-parasite rather than a simple epiphyte. Some other aspects of the relationship are discussed.
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ABSTRACT In humid tropical regions, leaves are frequently colonized by epiphylls (Richards 1954, Pocs 1978, 1982). Lichens and liverworts usually dominate, although mosses, algae, and cyanobacteria can also occur (Winkler 1971, Smith 1982). The interactions between epiphylls and host leaves have not been well studied. In this paper, we investigate site and host-plant characteristics that might affect rates of colonization by lichens and liverworts in several sites in Panama. In addition we evaluate possible ecological and evolutionary impacts of epiphyll cover on host-plant leaves. Journal Article
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Epiphyllous liverworts are reported for the first time from North Carolina and Tennessee. The epiphyllous taxa include seven species of liverworts, with Cololejeunea biddlecomiae and Frullania asagrayana reported as epiphylls for the first time. Rhododendron maximum and rarely Leucothoe editorum were host species. Most occurrences, with the exception of those in the escarpment gorge region in South Carolina, consist of a few scattered liverwort shoots on 1-3 Rhododendron leaves. Cololejeunea cardiocarpa, though uncommon, appears specially adapted and successful as an epiphyll in the Southern Appalachians.
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Two new epiphyllous species of the genus Leptolejeunea (Spruce) Schiffn., viz. L. mirikana M. Dey et D. K. Singh sp. nov. and L. udarii M. Dey et D. K. Singh sp. nov., are described from Darjeeling district of West Bengal and East district of Sikkim respectively in Eastern Himalaya, India. While, the former is characterized by obovate leaf lobes with acute-subacute leaf apices and entire margin; rectangular-trapezoid underleaves with rectangular-lanceolate lobes which are 3-4 cells long, 2-3 cells wide, or rarely 1 cell wide at apex, and crenulate-denticulate margin; presence of ocelli in female bracts and bracteoles and obconical perianth with truncate apices and 5 obliquely-horizontally spreading horn-like keels extending from apex to 1/2-3/5 of perianth length, the latter is distinct in having small length-breadth ratio of the leaves ranging between 1.2:1-1.3:1; obovate leaf lobes with subacute apices; terminal as well as intercalary androecia with male bracteoles present throughout; numerous ocelli scattered on female bracts, bracteoles and perianth and obconical-campanulate perianth with 5 smooth, erect-obliquely spreading horn-like keels. A key to the Indian species of the genus has been provided.
Epiphyllous liverworts are reported for the first time from Alabama. Cololejeunea minutissima (Sm.) Schiffn. was collected on a Sabal palmetto frond at one location in south Alabama. Cololejeunea cardiocarpa (Mont.) Steph. was collected on the leaves of a variety of taxa in five southern Alabama counties. Cololejeunea cardiocarpa is also reported for the first time as epiphyllous on herbaceous angiosperm taxa in the continental United States. Kalmia latifolia is reported for the second time as a host for epiphyllous liverworts.
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Morphometric analysis of platelets of controls and patients with RAEB (Refractory Anaemia with Excess of Blasts as defined by the FAB group) was performed. A 2-dimensional representation of the platelet sections together with the morphometric parameters was used to visualize the differences between platelets of patients and controls.
Cololejeunea cardiocarpa (Mont.) Steph. and Leucolejeunea unciloba (Lindenb.) Evans are epiphyllous in Thomas County, Georgia. This is the first report of epiphyllous Hepaticae from Georgia.
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Se reportan 27 especies de briofitas epífilas (26 hepáticas y 1 musgo) de la Selva Lacandona en el estado de Chiapas, México. De estas especies, nueve son registradas por primera vez para el país: Cololejeunea subscariosa, Diplasiolejeunea glaziovii y Leptolejeunea obfuscata son especies registradas previamente en las tierras bajas sudamericanas; mientras que Colura greig-smithii Diplasiolejeunea borhidiana y Lejeunea pililoba tienen distribución caribe09a. Se establece una nueva combinación, Aphanolejeunea pustulosa (Jovet-Ast) A. Bernecker et Pócs. /// Epiphyllous bryophyte species (26 liverworts and one moss) are reported from the Lacandon Forest in Chiapas, Mexico. Nine of them are reported for the first time for the country: Cololejeunea subscariosa, Diplasiolejeunea glaziovii, and Leptolejeunea obfuscata were previously reported from South American lowland species, while Cololejeunea jooriana, Colura greig-smithii, Diplasiolejeunea borhidiana, and Lejeunea pililoba have Caribbean distributions. A new combination, Aphanolejeunea pustulosa (Jovet-Ast) A. Bernecker & Pócs, is made.
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Further investigations into the physiological relationship between an epiphyllous liverwort and its host leaves
ABSTRACT Experiments were carried out to investigate the physiological relationship between an epiphyllous liverwort, Radula flaccida Lbg. et G., and its host leaves. The osmotic potential of the epiphylla cell sap (-30 to -35 bar) was found to be much lower than that of the host cells (-10 to -12 bar). There is therefore a good physiological basis for the movement of water from the host leaves to the epiphylla. The amount of light incident on the host leaf which is intercepted by even the heaviest epiphylla colony investigated was less than 2 per cent and this was found to produce no measurable difference between the chlorophyll contents of epiphylla-colonized and uncolonized parts of the host leaf. 14CO 2 light fixation products were found not to move between the host leaf and the epiphylla in either direction. It is concluded that the dependence (parasitism) of R.flaccida on its host leaves is partial and does not include the derivation of organic food substances.
Cololejeunea cardiocarpa (Mont.) Steph., C. minutissima (Smith) Schiffn., Frullania obcordata (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Lehm. & Lindenb., Lejeunea laetevirens Nees & Mont., Cheilolejeunea rigidula (Nees & Mont.) Schust., Metzgeria myriopoda Lindb., and Rectolejeunea maxonii Evans are first reports as epiphylls for Louisiana, and the last three taxa are first reports as epiphylls for the United States.
Abstract Drepanolejeunea laciniata Qiong He et R.L. Zhu sp. nov., is described and illustrated from Doi Inthanon National Park, Chom Thong District, Chiang Mai Province, northern Thailand. It is similar to Drepanolejeunea pulla (Mitt.) Grolle and D. erecta (Steph.) Grolle, but differs mainly in its large leaf lobule that is 1/2–2/3 as long as the leaf lobe, the free lateral lobular margin proximal to the notch bordered by 9–13 rectangular cells, the obovate perianth with dense apical laciniae, and usual presence of median ocelli in the leaf lobe.
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Abstract The new species, Drepanolejeunea actinogyna J. Inuthai, R. L. Zhu & Chantanaorr., is described and illustrated from southern Thailand. The new species belongs in the subgenus Pristolejeunea Grolle because of the presence of median ocelli in the leaf lobe. It is closely related to D. thwaitesiana (Mitt.) Steph. and D. nymanii Steph., but differs in the smaller plant size, the radially-symmetric perianth with triangular wings equal in size and a 2鈥3 cells long beak of the perianth, the free lateral margin of leaf lobule proximal to the notch bordered by 4 rectangular cells, and the curved tooth of the lobule.
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Is there, at the macro-habitat scale, a relationship between the fraction of evergreen forests and the presence probability of epiphyllous liverworts? Can these two parameters be estimated and mapped using an NDVI-based indicator that is derived from time-series of SPOT-VGT imagery?
Epiphyllous liverworts form a special group of bryophytes that primarily grow on leaves of understory vascular plants, occurring in constantly moist and warm evergreen forest in tropical and subtropical regions. They are very sensitive to climate change and environmental pollution. Previous studies have focused largely on microhabitat preferences of epiphyllous liverworts and demonstrated the importance of climate factors such as humidity, temperature and light. However, little is known about the relationship between distribution of epiphyllous liverworts and macro-habitat factors at broad spatial scales. Here, we predicated the distribution of epiphyllous liverworts in China based on topographic and bioclimatic variables, as well as satellite-derived vegetation indices at a 1km spatial resolution using presence-only ecological niche models. We used the Area Under the receiver operating characteristic Curve (AUC) and True Skill Statistic (TSS) to validate the models, and then used the Wilcoxon paired test to compare model performances. Furthermore, we applied the jackknife test to identify the important factors affecting predictions. Our results showed that the highest accuracy (i.e., AUC=0.98 and TSS=0.93) in predicting epiphyllous liverworts was achieved by the model that combined climatic and remotely sensed vegetation variables. The satellite-derived annual mean and minimum Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) as well as the annual mean and minimum Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) emerged as the most important predictors of distribution patterns of epiphyllous liverworts, while climatic variables such as precipitation in the wettest quarter and temperature of the coldest quarter were of ancillary importance. The significant contributions of NDVI and NDWI in defining the distribution range and spatial patterns of epiphyllous liverworts, and the strong relationship between this species and evergreen forest implies that epiphyllous liverworts may be a useful indicator for forest degradation or integrity at broad spatial scales.
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Many links between form and function are described in the context of adaptation. Several morphological and life-history traits in the leafy liverwort family Lejeuneaceae (Marchantiophyta) have been hypothesized to be adaptations for living on the surface of leaves of vascular plants (epiphylly). There have been, however, no rigorous tests of these hypotheses.Using a recently published phylogeny of Lejeuneaceae and trait data from published monographs, I tested the correlations of putative adaptive traits with the incidence of epiphylly. Both cross-species and phylogenetic-based analyses of trait data were performed to distinguish the patterns of shared evolutionary history from independent origins of putatively adaptive traits. The rates of transitions between different combinations of character states were also calculated to determine whether traits were more likely to evolve in the presence of epiphylly.Only one trait, production of asexual propagules, was correlated with epiphylly in the phylogenetic-based analysis. The rate of transition to asexual propagules was also significantly higher in the presence of epiphylly. Other traits correlated with epiphylly appeared to be the results of shared evolutionary history among sister taxa and therefore not due to adaptive evolution.The present study distinguished production of asexual propagules from other traits as a key adaptive response to living on the leaf surface. No other putative "adaptive" traits to epiphylly showed evidence of being specific adaptation to epiphylly. The results highlight the importance of phylogenetically controlled methods in determining an adaptive function of traits.
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A survey dealing with epiphyllous liverworts in Heishiding Natural Reserve, Guangdong Province, is first reported for epiphyllous liverworts in the west part of the province. Two families, 7 genera, 13 species and 1 variety of epiphyllous liverworts were found. The most common species of them are Leptolejeunea elliptica and Radula acuminata, and then Leptolejeunea hainanensis and Cololejeunea floccosa, which distribute in the evergreen broadleaved forests in ravines at 350m to 600m above sea level. From the viewpoint of bryoflora analysis, epiphyllous liverworts in Heishiding are similiar to that as in Wu yi Mt. (Fujian Province) , in Xishuangbanna and Taiwan. The similiar to each other species in these regions make up 50-70%, which are the major elements of South Asia and have significantly endemic to China species, amounting to 28. 5%.
ABSTRACT Epiphyllous liverworts are characteristic of tropical and subtropical forests where the air is very moist. The distribution of epiphyllous liverworts is primarily in the tropical or subtropical regions of Indo-Malay, Central and South America, central Africa and the Asian-Pacific regions of South Korea and southern Japan south to Australia. Epiphyllous liverworts are also abundant in some evergreen forests of China (Cao & Be, 1988; Chen & Wu, 1964; Wu & Guo, 1986; Wu & Lou 1978; Wu et al., 1983). Little has been known about the liverworts in Sichuan Province of China. Only eight species and one variety, belonging to eight genera have been reported from Mt. Emei (Wu & Lou, 1978) and some scattered records from Mt Erlang, Mt Yaan and Mabin County. Recently we found two species, Leptocolea yunnanensis Chen and Lejeunea borneensis Steph. growing on the leaves of Mecodium (Pteridophyta) in Guanxian County, Sichuan Province, at 31 degrees north latitude. This is the first record of epiphyllous liverworts occurring beyond 30 degrees north latitude in China. Investigations on epiphyllous liverworts in other areas of China have been reported by several authors. Wu, Li and Cao (1983) reported 36 species in 21 genera of 7 families from Mt. Wuyi of Fujian Province and 3 species from Qimen County of Anhui Province. 17 species, belong to 4 families and 10 genera of epiphyllous liverworts were recently reported to Qimen County, Anhui Province by Liu et al. (1988). Recently Cao and Be (1988) reported 12 species belonging to 10 genera in five families from Mt. Dawu, Jiulong, Hong Kong. In addition, epiphyllous liverworts have also been collected from Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Jiangxi, Xizang, Yunnan and Zheijiang Proviences. In this study, a survey of Chinese epiphyllous liverworts has been conducted to reveal the distribution patterns in China and to report a significant range extension of epiphyllous liverworts.
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Abstract J. Eggers collected a Diplasiolejeunea in Costa Rica with peculiar lobe dentition, described here, as Diplasiolejeunea eggersii, new to science. The main differences from the related Diplasiolejeunea pluridentata and D. papilionacea are given. Because the latter species, from Venezuela, had only a very short protologue, an additional description is given here, based mainly on specimens collected from near the type locality.
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A collection of mosses made by Mr M. J. E. Coode in Sulawesi, comprizing 37 species, is reported upon. Five species appear to be unrecorded for this still bryologically little-known island. Taxithelium capillarisetum appears to be the first gathering since the type collection (in New Guinea).
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Abstract A taxonomic review of the epiphyllous taxa of the genus Radula Dumort. in Thailand is presented, based on herbarium specimens and field surveys. Nine species are recognized, including two new records, R. nymanii Steph. and R. stenocalyx Mont. One new species, R. grandilobula Promma et Chantanaorr., is described and illustrated. The new species is characterized by the leaf-lobe subtriangular-ovate to falcate-ovate with a narrowly rounded to obtuse apex; the leaf-lobule falcate-ovate, upper half broadly extended, free margin recurved, apex strongly turning away from the stem; and the discoid gemmae occurring perpendicularly on ventral surface of leaf-lobes. A key to species, brief descriptions and illustrations are provided; ecology and geographical distribution of the species are also noted.
ABSTRACT Epiphyllous bryophytes are poorly documented for temperate eastern North America. Ten liverwort taxa and one moss species are reported as epiphylls on Rhododendron maximum from the Appalachian Plateau (Fentress County, Tennessee, and Menifee County, Kentucky). The Kentucky localities represent the northernmost documented sites for bryophyte epiphylls in eastern North America. Three North American liverwort endemics, Lejeunea ruthii, Leucolejeunea clypeata, and Radula obconica, and the moss, Platygyrium repens, are newly reported as epiphylls. Colony size ranged from <0.1 mm to 20 mm in diameter. Host plant leaf coverage of epiphylls was as high as 15%. A quantitative study at one locality showed 0% of one-year-old host leaves supported bryoepiphylls with 8.9% of two and 13.3% of three-year-old leaves supporting epiphylls. The frequency and northern limits of bryoepiphylly in eastern North America are likely well underestimated.
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Four species of mosses, all in the genus ; 1 species of hepatics; and 16 species of lichens compose the foliicolous bryophyte and lichen flora of L. leaves in certain areas of western British Columbia. This is the first report of foliicolous mosses and hepatics for North America, north of the tropical and subtropical regions of the southeastern United States. The taxonomy of the four species of is discussed and a key given differentiating the species.All of the species that have been found on leaves except perhaps are facultative foliicolous species and occur on leaves, only in scattered areas of northwestern North America. Two taxa of lichens, (Desm.) Zahlbr. and (Del. ex Duby) W. Culb. & C. Culb. (perlatolic acid strain) are reported as new to Canada.
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Col olejeunea sublatistyla J.Wang & R.L.Zhu sp. nov. is described and illustrated from Jianfengling National Nature Reserve, Ledong Co., Hainan Province, China. The new species is similar to C. latistyla R.L.Zhu but differs mainly in its rectangular-ovate, triangular or triangular-ovate leaf lobules, the smaller stylus (9–14 cells long and 2–3 cells wide), and female bract lobule without any lobular teeth.
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A preliminary study of Hepaticae from Mt. Jiuwan of Guangxi, South China
climate. Below 2500m. altitude, there are monsoon rain forests and broad-leavedevergreen forests, from which the Tibetan scientific expedition has gathered 71 speci-mens of epiphyllous liverworts representing 26 species and 2 varieties in 13 genera.This may be considered as a distinct subzone for the epiphyllous liverworts in thesouth part of the Tibetan East Himalaya.
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Empirical evidence supporting frequent cryptic speciation in epiphyllous liverworts: A case study of the Cololejeunea lanciloba complex
Tropical deforestation is a progressive process resulting in the conversion of rain forest into a mosaic of mature forest fragments, pasture, and degraded habitat. Understanding the long-term effects of habitat fragmentation on tropical plant community structure is critical to predicting how alterations to the landscape will impact tropical biodiversity. The objective of this study was to examine fragmentation effects on the composition, abundance, and species richness of epiphyllous (leaf-inhabiting) bryophytes. I conducted this research in an experimentally fragmented forest reserve in central Amazonia where data on the distribution and abundance of 65 bryophyte taxa were analyzed from 16 1-ha sample plots located in continuous forest and fragments. Epiphyll communities inhabiting small (1- and 10-ha) fragments exhibited lower species richness, abundance, and among-site compositional variation than those from 100-ha fragments and continuous forest plots. Reduced epiphyll diversity in small fragments is ...
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ZartmanCE, NascimentoHEM (2006).
Are habitat-tracking metacommunities dispersal limited? Inferences from abundance-occupancy patterns of epiphylls in Amazonian forest fragments
In theory, habitat fragmentation alters plant community dynamics by influencing both local (within patch) and regional (among patch) processes. However, the lengthy generation times of plant taxa relative to the short duration of most experiments has precluded studies from assessing the impact of fragmentation at both local and regional scales. Due to their accelerated life cycles, high rates of local extinction, and naturally patchy substrates, epiphyllous bryophyte assemblages are an appropriate plant guild for empirically testing metacommunity-based predictions associated with habitat fragmentation. By examining the local abundance and regional distribution patterns of 67 epiphyllous (leaf-inhabiting) bryophyte species in an experimentally fragmented landscape in Amazonia, we demonstrate that changes in local abundance wrought by habitat fragmentation are best explained by fragment size rather than proximity to forest edge. Furthermore, evidence of a simultaneous inter-specific decline in epiphyll local abundance and regional distribution in small (1- and 10-ha) forest fragments corroborate with metapopulation-based predictions highlighting the importance of immigration in buffering from patch extinction risk (i.e., the rescue effect). Collectively, these results provide indirect evidence that dispersal limitation, rather than compromised habitat quality attributable to edge effects, likely account for species loss from small tropical forest fragments. Whether dispersal limitation is due to increased insularity from regional sources for epiphyll recolonization or rather to lowered within-fragment dispersal potential is unknown; nonetheless, the long-term persistence of these microscopic plant metacommunities depends on the preservation of rain forest reserves of at least 100-ha in size.
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ZhuJ, WangYF, ZhuRL, SunSY (2001).
Epiphyllous liverworts of the Eastern Jiufeng Mountain, Fujian Province. Journal of East China Normal University (
Nature Science), (4), 96-102. (in Chinese with English abstract)[朱俊, 王幼芳, 朱瑞良, 孙世勇 (2001).
Abstract The new species, Cheilolejeunea hyalomarginata (Lejeuneaceae) from New Caledonia, is described and illustrated. The species is easily distinguished from all other species of Cheilolejeunea by the hyaline denticulate margin of the leaf lobe. Further diagnostic characters include the entire underleaves, the lobular apex connate with 4–6 lobe cells, and the spinose, unicellular, strongly thick-walled lobular tooth with a very small lumen at the base.
New or little known epiphyllous liverworts, XVIII. Records from the Bidoup-Núi Bà National Park, Vietnam, with the description of Drepanolejeunea bidoupensis, sp. nov
2013
New or little known epiphyllous liverworts, XVII. Records from the Cát Tiên National Park, Southern Vietnam
Distribution and ecology of the epiphyllous liverwort Cololejeunea nakajimae in the winter snow-covered district of Niigata Prefecture and its adjacent regions, Central Japan
Phyllosphere nitrogen relations: Re- ciprocal transfer of nitrogen between epiphyllous liverworts and host plants in the understory of a lowland tropical wet forest in Costa Rica
1
2005
... 对叶附生苔的初步研究可追溯到19世纪末(Massart, 1898).之后, 世界各地越来越多的苔藓学家和生态学家对叶附生苔开展了相关研究, 内容涉及分类、生理、分子、生态等方面.对叶附生苔的物种多样性及生态学方面的研究是长期以来一直在进行的工作, 除了大量的地区性报道和新种或新记录的报道外, 还有一些系统性的研究, 如: 陈邦杰和吴鹏程(1964)发表的有关中国叶附生苔的研究《中国叶附生苔类植物的研究(一) 》, 包括了研究历史、生态与形态特性、地理分布及与邻近地区的关系以及系统分类等; 匈牙利苔藓学家Pócs (1996)发表的关于全球叶附生苔的物种多样性的综述《Epiphyllous liverworts diversity at worldwide level and its threat and conservation》, 分析了叶附生苔的区系及地理分布; Zhu和So (2001)的《Epiphyllous Liverworts of China》详细地描述了168种叶附生苔的特征, 并简要分析了叶附生苔的类型、多样性、与附主的关系以及分布等特征.近些年来, 应用同位素示踪技术分析叶附生苔与附主间的生态过程(Wanek & Pörtl, 2005), 以及应用分子生物学技术探讨叶附生苔对特殊生境的适应性(Kraichak, 2012; Yu et al., 2013)等推动了微尺度上叶附生苔的生态学研究. ...
A new epiphyllous species of Cololejeunea (Lejeuneaceae, Marchantiophyta) from China
