macrofungi_of_tapajos_national_forest_0

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FLONA Tapajós, Pará, Brazil 
Macrofungi of the Floresta Nacional do Tapajós 
Marcos Diones Ferreira Santana, Douglas de Moraes Couceiro & Sheyla Regina Marques Couceiro 
Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará (UFOPA), Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia das Águas (ICTA)
1 
Photos by Marcos Diones Ferreira Santana & Douglas de Moraes Couceiro, except where indicated. 
Produced by Marcos Diones Ferreira Santana and Douglas de Moraes Couceiro in collaboration with Juliana Philipp, Keller Science Action Center (Field Museum).
©Marcos Santana [santana.mdf@gmail.com]. Thanks to Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal e Crescimento de Plantas da UFOPA. Support from: Herbário HSTM (UFOPA). 
Abbreviations: Ascomycota (A), Basidiomycota (B). [fieldguides.fieldmuseum.org] [996] version 1 04/2018
Tapajós National Forest (Floresta 
Nacional do Tapajós) is a protected 
area that occupies approximately 
5491 km2 in the state of Pará, Brazil 
(2°45' and 4°10' S; 54°45' and 55°30’ 
W). Climate in the region is hot and 
humid, with an average annual 
temperature of 25.5°C. The dry season 
is from July to November and the 
rainy season from January to June. 
Local relief is rolling to hilly, and the 
dominant soils are Dystrophic Yellow 
Latosols. The vegetation is classified as 
dense ombrophilous forest, dominated 
by large trees and an abundance of 
woody lianas, palms, and epiphytes.
Floresta Nacional do Tapajós, Km 67 of the BR-163 highway, PA, Brazil. 
1 Camillea cyclops 2 Camillea leprieurii 3 Camillea leprieurii 4 Cookeina tricholoma 
(A) Xylariales, Graphostromataceae (A) Xylariales, Graphostromataceae (A) Xylariales, Graphostromataceae (A) Pezizales, Sarcoscyphaceae
5 Cookeina speciosa 6 Cookeina speciosa 7 Cookeina speciosa 8 Poronia cf. pileiformis 
(A) Pezizales, Sarcoscyphaceae (A) Pezizales, Sarcoscyphaceae (A) Pezizales, Sarcoscyphaceae (A) Xylariales, Xylariaceae
9 Poronia cf. pileiformis 10 Poronia cf. pileiformis 11 Thamnomyces cf. dendroidea 12 Xylaria polymorpha 
(A) Xylariales, Xylariaceae (A) Xylariales, Xylariaceae (A) Xylariales, Hypoxylaceae (A) Xylariales, Xylariaceae
FLONA Tapajós, Pará, Brazil 
Macrofungi of the Floresta Nacional do Tapajós 
Marcos Diones Ferreira Santana, Douglas de Moraes Couceiro & Sheyla Regina Marques Couceiro 
Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará (UFOPA), Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia das Águas (ICTA)
2 
Photos by Marcos Diones Ferreira Santana & Douglas de Moraes Couceiro, except where indicated. 
Produced by Marcos Diones Ferreira Santana and Douglas de Moraes Couceiro in collaboration with Juliana Philipp, Keller Science Action Center (Field Museum). 
©Marcos Santana [santana.mdf@gmail.com]. Thanks to Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal e Crescimento de Plantas da UFOPA. Support from: Herbário HSTM (UFOPA). 
Abbreviations: Ascomycota (A), Basidiomycota (B). [fieldguides.fieldmuseum.org] [996] version 1 04/2018
13 Xylaria cf. telfairii 14 Xylaria sp. 1 15 Xylaria sp. 2 16 
(A) Xylariales, Xylariaceae (A) Xylariales, Xylariaceae (A) Xylariales, Xylariaceae
Xylaria sp. 3 
(A) Xylariales, Xylariaceae
17 Xylaria sp. 4 18 Xylaria sp. 5 19 Xylaria sp. 6 20 Xylaria sp. 7 
(A) Xylariales, Xylariaceae (A) Xylariales, Xylariaceae (A) Xylariales, Xylariaceae (A) Xylariales, Xylariaceae
21 Xylaria sp. 8 22 Tremellales 23 Tremellales 24 Tremellales 
(A) Xylariales, Xylariaceae (B) Tremellomycetes (B) Tremellomycetes (B) Tremellomycetes
25 Dacryopinax spathularia 26 Auricularia delicata 27 Auricularia delicata 28 Auricularia delicata 
(B) Dacrymycetales, Dacrymycetaceae (B) Auriculariales, Auriculariaceae (B) Auriculariales, Auriculariaceae (B) Auriculariales, Auriculariaceae
29 Clavaria zollingeri 30 Clavaria zollingeri 31 Clavaria zollingeri 32 Clavulinopsis aurantiocinnabarina 
(B) Agaricales, Clavariaceae (B) Agaricales, Clavariaceae (B) Agaricales, Clavariaceae (B) Agaricales, Clavariaceae
FLONA Tapajós, Pará, Brazil 
Macrofungi of the Floresta Nacional do Tapajós 
Marcos Diones Ferreira Santana, Douglas de Moraes Couceiro e Sheyla Regina Marques Couceiro 
Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará (UFOPA), Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia das Águas (ICTA)
3 
Photos by Marcos Diones Ferreira Santana & Douglas de Moraes Couceiro, except where indicated. 
Produced by Marcos Diones Ferreira Santana, Douglas de Moraes Couceiro in collaboration with Juliana Philipp, Keller Science Action Center (Field Museum). 
©Marcos Santana [santana.mdf@gmail.com]. Thanks to Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal e Crescimento de Plantas da UFOPA. Support from: Herbário HSTM (UFOPA). 
Abbreviations: Ascomycota (A), Basidiomycota (B). [fieldguides.fieldmuseum.org] [996] version 1 04/2018
33 Chlorophyllum cf. molybdites 34 Chlorophyllum cf. molybdites 35 Chlorophyllum cf. molybdites 38 Coprinellus disseminatus 
(B) Agaricales, Agaricaceae (B) Agaricales, Agaricaceae (B) Agaricales, Agaricaceae (B) Agaricales, Psathyrellaceae
39 Coprinellus disseminatus 40 Entoloma cf. panniculus 41 Gymnopus montagnei 42 Gymnopus montagnei 
(B) Agaricales, Psathyrellaceae (B) Agaricales, Entolomataceae (B) Agaricales, Omphalotaceae (B) Agaricales, Omphalotaceae
43 Hygrocybe sp. 44 Leucocoprinus cf. brunneoluteus 45 Leucocoprinus cf. brunneoluteus 46 Leucocoprinus cf. brunneoluteus 
(B) Agaricales, Tricholomataceae (B) Agaricales, Agaricaceae (B) Agaricales, Agaricaceae (B) Agaricales, Agaricaceae
47 Leucocoprinus cf. brunneoluteus 48 Leucocoprinus sp. 49 Leucocoprinus sp. 50 Macrolepiota sp. 
(B) Agaricales, Agaricaceae (B) Agaricales, Agaricaceae (B) Agaricales, Agaricaceae (B) Agaricales, Agaricaceae
51 Macrolepiota sp. 52 Marasmius cf. griseoradiatus 53 Marasmius haematocephalus 54 Marasmius cf. helvoloides
(B) Agaricales, Agaricaceae (B) Agaricales, Marasmiaceae (B) Agaricales, Marasmiaceae (B) Agaricales, Marasmiaceae
FLONA Tapajós, Pará, Brazil 
Macrofungi of the Floresta Nacional do Tapajós 
Marcos Diones Ferreira Santana, Douglas de Moraes Couceiro e Sheyla Regina Marques Couceiro 
Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará (UFOPA), Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia das Águas (ICTA)
4 
Photos by Marcos Diones Ferreira Santana & Douglas de Moraes Couceiro, except where indicated. 
Produced by Marcos Diones Ferreira Santana, Douglas de Moraes Couceiro in collaboration with Juliana Philipp, Keller Science Action Center (Field Museum). 
©Marcos Santana [santana.mdf@gmail.com]. Thanks to Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal e Crescimento de Plantas da UFOPA. Support from Herbário HSTM (UFOPA). 
Abbreviations: Ascomycota (A), Basidiomycota (B). [fieldguides.fieldmuseum.org] [ 996] version 1 04/2018
55 Marasmius cf. rhabarbarinus 56 Marasmius rotuloides 57 Marasmius rotuloides 58 Marasmius sp. 1 
(B) Agaricales, Marasmiaceae (B) Agaricales, Marasmiaceae (B) Agaricales, Marasmiaceae (B) Agaricales, Marasmiaceae
59 Marasmius sp. 2 60 Marasmius sp. 2 61 Oudemansiella sp. 62 Oudemansiella sp. 
(B) Agaricales, Marasmiaceae (B) Agaricales, Marasmiaceae (B) Agaricales, Physalacriaceae (B) Agaricales, Physalacriaceae
63 Schizophyllum commune 64 Trogia cantharelloides 65 Calvatia cf. cyathiformis 66 Calvatia sp. 
(B) Agaricales, Schizophyllaceae (B) Agaricales, Marasmiaceae (B) Agaricales, Agaricaceae (B) Agaricales, Agaricaceae
67 Clathrus sp. 68 Clathrus sp. 69 Cyathus sp. 70 Cyathus sp. 
©Thais Almeida 
(B) Phallales, Phallaceae
©Thais Almeida 
(B) Phallales, Phallaceae
(B) Agaricales, Agaricaceae (B) Agaricales, Agaricaceae
71 Geastrum entomophilum 72 Geastrum entomophilum 73 Geastrum entomophilum 74 Geastrum entomophilum 
(B) Geastrales, Geastraceae (B) Geastrales, Geastraceae (B) Geastrales, Geastraceae (B) Geastrales, Geastraceae
FLONA Tapajós, Pará, Brazil 
Macrofungi of the FlorestaNacional do Tapajós 
Marcos Diones Ferreira Santana, Douglas de Moraes Couceiro e Sheyla Regina Marques Couceiro 
Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará (UFOPA), Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia das Águas (ICTA)
5 
Photos by Marcos Diones Ferreira Santana & Douglas de Moraes Couceiro, except where indicated. 
Produced by Marcos Diones Ferreira Santana, Douglas de Moraes Couceiro in collaboration with Juliana Philipp, Keller Science Action Center (Field Museum). 
©Marcos Santana [santana.mdf@gmail.com]. Thanks to Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal e Crescimento de Plantas da UFOPA.Support from: Herbário HSTM (UFOPA). 
Abbreviations: Ascomycota (A), Basidiomycota (B). [fieldguides.fieldmuseum.org] [996] version 1 04/2018
75 Phases of morphological development Geastrum entomophilum 76 Geastrum lloydianum 
(B) Geastrales, Geastraceae (B) Geastrales, Geastraceae
77 Geastrum lloydianum 78 Geastrum lloydianum 79 Geastrum lloydianum 80 Geastrum schweinitzii 
(B) Geastrales, Geastraceae (B) Geastrales, Geastraceae (B) Geastrales, Geastraceae (B) Geastrales, Geastraceae
81 Geastrum schweinitzii 82 Geastrum schweinitzii 83 Geastrum subiculosum 84 Geastrum subiculosum 
(B) Geastrales, Geastraceae (B) Geastrales, Geastraceae (B) Geastrales, Geastraceae (B) Geastrales, Geastraceae
85 Geastrum subiculosum 86 Geastrum triplex 87 Geastrum triplex 88 Geastrum triplex 
(B) Geastrales, Geastraceae (B) Geastrales, Geastraceae (B) Geastrales, Geastraceae (B) Geastrales, Geastraceae
89 Geastrum triplex 90 Geastrum sp. 1 91 Geastrum sp. 2 92 Geastrum sp. 3 
(B) Geastrales, Geastraceae (B) Geastrales, Geastraceae (B) Geastrales, Geastraceae (B) Geastrales, Geastraceae
FLONA Tapajós, Pará, Brazil 
Macrofungi of the Floresta Nacional do Tapajós 
Marcos Diones Ferreira Santana, Douglas de Moraes Couceiro & Sheyla Regina Marques Couceiro 
Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará (UFOPA), Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia das Águas (ICTA)
6 
Photos by Marcos Diones Ferreira Santana & Douglas de Moraes Couceiro, except where indicated. 
Produced by Marcos Diones Ferreira Santana, Douglas de Moraes Couceiro in collaboration with Juliana Philipp, Keller Science Action Center (Field Museum). 
©Marcos Santana [santana.mdf@gmail.com]. Thanks to Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal e Crescimento de Plantas da UFOPA. Support from: Herbário HSTM (UFOPA). 
Abbreviations: Ascomycota (A), Basidiomycota (B). [fieldguides.fieldmuseum.org] [996] version 1 04/2018
93 Morganella sp. 1 94 Morganella sp. 1 95 Morganella sp. 2 96 Morganella sp. 2 
(B) Agaricales, Agaricaceae (B) Agaricales, Agaricaceae (B) Agaricales, Agaricaceae (B) Agaricales, Agaricaceae
97 Morganella sp. 3 98 Morganella sp. 3 99 Morganella sp. 4 100 Morganella sp. 4 
(B) Agaricales, Agaricaceae (B) Agaricales, Agaricaceae (B) Agaricales, Agaricaceae (B) Agaricales, Agaricaceae
101 Mutinus caninus 102 Mutinus caninus 103 Primordium of Phallus indusiatus 104 Phallus indusiatus 
(B) Phallales, Phallaceae (B) Phallales, Phallaceae ((B) Phallales, Phallaceae (B) Phallales, Phallaceae
105 Phallus indusiatus 106 Phallus indusiatus 107 Xylophallus xylogenus 108 Xylophallus xylogenus 
(B) Phallales, Phallaceae (B) Phallales, Phallaceae (B) Phallales, Phallaceae (B) Phallales, Phallaceae
109 Amauroderma sp. 1 110 Amauroderma sp. 2 111 Amauroderma sp. 3 112 Amauroderma sp. 4 
(B) Polyporales, Ganodermataceae (B) Polyporales, Ganodermataceae (B) Polyporales, Ganodermataceae (B) Polyporales, Ganodermataceae
FLONA Tapajós, Pará, Brazil 
Macrofungi of the Floresta Nacional do Tapajós 
Marcos Diones Ferreira Santana, Douglas de Moraes Couceiro e Sheyla Regina Marques Couceiro 
Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará (UFOPA), Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia das Águas (ICTA)
7 
Photos by Marcos Diones Ferreira Santana & Douglas de Moraes Couceiro, except where indicated. 
Produced by Marcos Diones Ferreira Santana, Douglas de Moraes Couceiro in collaboration with Juliana Philipp, Keller Science Action Center (Field Museum). 
©Marcos Santana [santana.mdf@gmail.com]. Thanks to Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal e Crescimento de Plantas da UFOPA. Support from: Herbário HSTM (UFOPA). 
Abbreviations: Ascomycota (A), Basidiomycota (B). [fieldguides.fieldmuseum.org] [996] version 1 04/2018
113 Amauroderma sp. 5 114 Amauroderma sp. 5 115 Coriolopsis sp. 116 Cymatoderma sp. 
(B) Polyporales, Ganodermataceae (B) Polyporales, Ganodermataceae (B) Polyporales, Polyporaceae (B) Polyporales, Meruliaceae
117 Cymatoderma sp. 118 Earliella scabrosa 119 Favolus tenuiculus 120 Favolus tenuiculus 
(B) Polyporales, Meruliaceae (B) Polyporales, Polyporaceae (B) Polyporales, Polyporaceae (B) Polyporales, Polyporaceae
121 Ganoderma tornatum 122 Ganoderma sp. 1 123 Ganoderma sp. 2 124 Ganoderma sp. 2 
(B) Polyporales, Ganodermataceae (B) Polyporales, Ganodermataceae (B) Polyporales, Ganodermataceae (B) Polyporales, Ganodermataceae
125 Hexagonia hydnoides 126 Hexagonia hydnoides 127 Hexagonia variegata 128 Inflatostereum glabrum 
(B) Polyporales, Polyporaceae (B) Polyporales, Polyporaceae (B) Polyporales, Polyporaceae (B) Polyporales, Phanerochaetaceae
129 Lentinus sp. 1 130 Lentinus sp. 1 131 Lentinus sp. 2 132 Lentinus sp. 2 
(B) Polyporales, Polyporaceae (B) Polyporales, Polyporaceae (B) Polyporales, Polyporaceae (B) Polyporales, Polyporaceae
FLONA Tapajós, Pará, Brazil 
Macrofungi of the Floresta Nacional do Tapajós 
Marcos Diones Ferreira Santana, Douglas de Moraes Couceiro & Sheyla Regina Marques Couceiro
Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará (UFOPA), Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia das Águas (ICTA)
8 
Photos by Marcos Diones Ferreira Santana & Douglas de Moraes Couceiro, except where indicated. 
Produced by Marcos Diones Ferreira Santana, Douglas de Moraes Couceiro in collaboration with Juliana Philipp, Keller Science Action Center (Field Museum). 
©Marcos Santana [santana.mdf@gmail.com]. Thanks to Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal e Crescimento de Plantas da UFOPA. Support from: Herbário HSTM (UFOPA). 
Abbreviations: Ascomycota (A), Basidiomycota (B). [fieldguides.fieldmuseum.org] [996] version 1 04/2018
133 Lenzites betulina 134 Megasporoporia cavernulosa 135 Microporellus cf. obovatus 136 Microporellus cf. obovatus
(B) Polyporales, Polyporaceae (B) Polyporales, Polyporaceae (B) Polyporales, Polyporaceae (B) Polyporales, Polyporaceae
137 Microporellus obovatus 138 Phellinus sp. 139 Polyporus dictyopus 140 Polyporus dictyopus 
(B) Polyporales, Polyporaceae (B) Hymenochaetales, Hymenochaetaceae (B) Polyporales, Polyporaceae (B) Polyporales, Polyporaceae
141 Polyporus grammocephalus 142 Polyporus leprieurii 143 Porogramme albocincta 144 Pycnoporus sanguineus 
(B) Polyporales, Polyporaceae (B) Polyporales, Polyporaceae (B) Polyporales, Grammotheleaceae (B) Polyporales, Polyporaceae
145 Pycnoporus sanguineus 146 Rigidoporus lineatus 147 Sparassis sp. 148 Trametes modesta 
(B) Polyporales, Polyporaceae (B) Polyporales, Meripilaceae (B) Polyporales, Sparassidaceae (B) Polyporales, Polyporaceae
Acknowledgements 
This field guide couldn’t have been made without the support of 
specialists, who have our deepest thanks. We are 
especially indebted to Susanne Sourell and D. Jean Lodge for 
sharing with us their knowledge of macroscopic fungi. The 
species in this guide have had their identification confirmed. 
When possible, voucher material was deposited in the fungal 
collections of the HSTM Herbarium at the Universidade 
Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, Brazil, which we also 
thank.
149 Trametes occidentalis 150 Trametes versicolor 
(B) Polyporales, Polyporaceae (B) Polyporales, Polyporaceae