WoRMS

WoRMS taxon details

Gymnothorax Bloch, 1795

AphiaID

125636 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:125636)

Classification

Status

accepted

Rank

Genus

Parent

Muraeninae Rafinesque, 1815

Synonymised names

Ahynnodontophis Fowler, 1912 · unaccepted

Gymnotorax · unaccepted (misspelling)

Heteromyrus Pietschmann, 1935 · unaccepted

Lycodontis Jordan & Evermann, 1896 · unaccepted (synonym)

Muraenophis Lacepède, 1803 · unaccepted

Neomuraena Girard, 1858 · unaccepted

Polyuranodon Kaup, 1856 · unaccepted

Priodonophis Kaup, 1860 · unaccepted

Pseudomuraena Johnson, 1862 · unaccepted

Rabula Jordan & Davis, 1891 · unaccepted

Sidera Kaup in Duméril, 1856 · unaccepted (synonym)

Siderea Kaup, 1856 · unaccepted (synonym)

Sideria · unaccepted (misspelling)

Thryrsoidea · unaccepted (misspelling)

Thrysoidea · unaccepted (misspelling)

Thyrosidea · unaccepted > misspelling - incorrect subsequent spelling

Thyrsoidea Kaup, 1856 · unaccepted

Direct children (242)

Ordering

Alphabetically
By status

Children Display

direct main ranks all

Species Gymnothorax afer Bloch, 1795
Species Gymnothorax albimarginatus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)
Species Gymnothorax andamanensis Mohapatra, Kiruba-Sankar, Praveenraj & Mohanty, 2019
Species Gymnothorax angusticauda (Weber & de Beaufort, 1916)
Species Gymnothorax angusticeps (Hildebrand & Barton, 1949)
Species Gymnothorax annasona Whitley, 1937
Species Gymnothorax annulatus Smith & Böhlke, 1997
Species Gymnothorax atolli (Pietschmann, 1935)
Species Gymnothorax aurocephalus Nashad, Mohapatra, Varghese, Ramalingam, Bineesh & Mohanty, 2020
Species Gymnothorax australicola Lavenberg, 1992
Species Gymnothorax austrinus Böhlke & McCosker, 2001
Species Gymnothorax bacalladoi Böhlke & Brito, 1987
Species Gymnothorax baranesi Smith, Brokovich & Einbinder, 2008
Species Gymnothorax bathyphilus Randall & McCosker, 1975
Species Gymnothorax berndti Snyder, 1904
Species Gymnothorax breedeni McCosker & Randall, 1977
Species Gymnothorax buroensis (Bleeker, 1857)
Species Gymnothorax castaneus (Jordan & Gilbert, 1883)
Species Gymnothorax castlei Böhlke & Randall, 1999
Species Gymnothorax cephalospilus Böhlke & McCosker, 2001
Species Gymnothorax chilospilus Bleeker, 1864
Species Gymnothorax chlamydatus Snyder, 1908
Species Gymnothorax conspersus Poey, 1867
Species Gymnothorax cribroris Whitley, 1932
Species Gymnothorax davidsmithi McCosker & Randall, 2008
Species Gymnothorax dovii (Günther, 1870)
Species Gymnothorax elaineheemstrae Sithole, Smith, Mwale & Gouws, 2020
Species Gymnothorax elegans Bliss, 1883
Species Gymnothorax emmae Prokofiev, 2010
Species Gymnothorax enigmaticus McCosker & Randall, 1982
Species Gymnothorax equatorialis (Hildebrand, 1946)
Species Gymnothorax eurostus (Abbott, 1860)
Species Gymnothorax eurygnathos Böhlke, 2001
Species Gymnothorax favagineus Bloch & Schneider, 1801
Species Gymnothorax fimbriatus (Bennett, 1832)
Species Gymnothorax flavimarginatus (Rüppell, 1830)
Species Gymnothorax flavoculus (Böhlke & Randall, 1996)
Species Gymnothorax formosus Bleeker, 1864
Species Gymnothorax funebris Ranzani, 1839
Species Gymnothorax fuscomaculatus (Schultz, 1953)
Species Gymnothorax gracilicauda Jenkins, 1903
Species Gymnothorax griseus (Lacepède, 1803)
Species Gymnothorax hansi Heemstra, 2004
Species Gymnothorax hepaticus (Rüppell, 1830)
Species Gymnothorax herrei Beebe & Tee-Van, 1933
Species Gymnothorax hubbsi Böhlke & Böhlke, 1977
Species Gymnothorax indicus Mohapatra, Ray, Smith & Mishra, 2016
Species Gymnothorax intesi (Fourmanoir & Rivaton, 1979)
Species Gymnothorax isingteena (Richardson, 1845)
Species Gymnothorax javanicus (Bleeker, 1859)
Species Gymnothorax johnsoni (Smith, 1962)
Species Gymnothorax kidako (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)
Species Gymnothorax kolpos Böhlke & Böhlke, 1980
Species Gymnothorax kontodontos Böhlke, 2000
Species Gymnothorax longinaris Allen, Erdmann & Sianipar, 2018
Species Gymnothorax longinquus (Whitley, 1948)
Species Gymnothorax maderensis (Johnson, 1862)
Species Gymnothorax mareei Poll, 1953
Species Gymnothorax margaritophorus Bleeker, 1864
Species Gymnothorax marshallensis (Schultz, 1953)
Species Gymnothorax mccoskeri Smith & Böhlke, 1997
Species Gymnothorax megaspilus Böhlke & Randall, 1995
Species Gymnothorax melanosomatus Loh, Shao & Chen, 2011
Species Gymnothorax melatremus Schultz, 1953
Species Gymnothorax meleagris (Shaw, 1795)
Species Gymnothorax microstictus Böhlke, 2000
Species Gymnothorax miliaris (Kaup, 1856)
Species Gymnothorax minor (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)
Species Gymnothorax mishrai Ray, Mohapatra & Smith, 2015
Species Gymnothorax moluccensis (Bleeker, 1864)
Species Gymnothorax monochrous (Bleeker, 1856)
Species Gymnothorax monostigma (Regan, 1909)
Species Gymnothorax mordax (Ayres, 1859)
Species Gymnothorax moringa (Cuvier, 1829)
Species Gymnothorax nasuta de Buen, 1961
Species Gymnothorax neglectus Tanaka, 1911
Species Gymnothorax nigromarginatus (Girard, 1858)
Species Gymnothorax niphostigmus Chen, Shao & Chen, 1996
Species Gymnothorax nubilus (Richardson, 1848)
Species Gymnothorax nudivomer (Günther, 1867)
Species Gymnothorax nuttingi Snyder, 1904
Species Gymnothorax obesus (Whitley, 1932)
Species Gymnothorax ocellatus Agassiz, 1831
Species Gymnothorax odishi Mohapatra, Mohanty, Smith, Mishra & Roy, 2018
Species Gymnothorax panamensis (Steindachner, 1876)
Species Gymnothorax parini Collette, Smith & Böhlke, 1991
Species Gymnothorax paucivertebralis Allen, Erdmann & Sianipar, 2018
Species Gymnothorax phalarus Bussing, 1998
Species Gymnothorax pharaonis Smith, Bogorodsky, Mal & Alpermann, 2019
Species Gymnothorax phasmatodes (Smith, 1962)
Species Gymnothorax philippinus Jordan & Seale, 1907
Species Gymnothorax pictus (Ahl, 1789)
Species Gymnothorax pikei Bliss, 1883
Species Gymnothorax pindae Smith, 1962
Species Gymnothorax poikilospilus Chen & Huang, 2022
Species Gymnothorax polygonius Poey, 1875
Species Gymnothorax polyspondylus Böhlke & Randall, 2000
Species Gymnothorax polyuranodon (Bleeker, 1854)
Species Gymnothorax porphyreus (Guichenot, 1848)
Species Gymnothorax prasinus (Richardson, 1848)
Species Gymnothorax prionodon Ogilby, 1895
Species Gymnothorax prismodon Böhlke & Randall, 2000
Species Gymnothorax prolatus Sasaki & Amaoka, 1991
Species Gymnothorax pseudoherrei Böhlke, 2000
Species Gymnothorax pseudomelanosomatus Loh, Shao & Chen, 2015
Species Gymnothorax pseudoprolatus Smith, Hibino & Ho, 2018
Species Gymnothorax pseudothyrsoideus (Bleeker, 1853)
Species Gymnothorax pseudotile Mohapatra, Smith, Ray, Mishra & Mohanty, 2017
Species Gymnothorax punctatofasciatus Bleeker, 1863
Species Gymnothorax punctatus Bloch & Schneider, 1801
Species Gymnothorax randalli Smith & Böhlke, 1997
Species Gymnothorax reevesii (Richardson, 1845)
Species Gymnothorax reticularis Bloch, 1795
Species Gymnothorax richardsonii (Bleeker, 1852)
Species Gymnothorax robinsi Böhlke, 1997
Species Gymnothorax rueppelliae (McClelland, 1844)
Species Gymnothorax ryukyuensis Hatooka, 2003
Species Gymnothorax sagenodeta (Richardson, 1848)
Species Gymnothorax sagmacephalus Böhlke, 1997
Species Gymnothorax saxicola Jordan & Davis, 1891
Species Gymnothorax serratidens (Hildebrand & Barton, 1949)
Species Gymnothorax shaoi Chen & Loh, 2007
Species Gymnothorax smithi Sumod, Mohapatra, Sanjeevan, Kishor & Bineesh, 2019
Species Gymnothorax sokotrensis Kotthaus, 1968
Species Gymnothorax steindachneri Jordan & Evermann, 1903
Species Gymnothorax taiwanensis Chen, Loh & Shao, 2008
Species Gymnothorax tamilnaduensis Kodeeswaran, Kantharajan, Mohapatra, Ajith Kumar & Kumar Sarkar, 2023
Species Gymnothorax thyrsoideus (Richardson, 1845)
Species Gymnothorax tile (Hamilton, 1822)
Species Gymnothorax undulatus (Lacepède, 1803)
Species Gymnothorax unicolor (Delaroche, 1809)
Species Gymnothorax vagrans (Seale, 1917)
Species Gymnothorax verrilli (Jordan & Gilbert, 1883)
Species Gymnothorax vicinus (Castelnau, 1855)
Species Gymnothorax vietnamensis Smith, Hibino & Ho, 2018
Species Gymnothorax visakhaensis Mohapatra, Smith, Mohanty, Mishra & Tudu, 2017
Species Gymnothorax walvisensis Prokofiev, 2009
Species Gymnothorax woodwardi McCulloch, 1912
Species Gymnothorax ypsilon Hatooka & Randall, 1992
Species Gymnothorax zonipectis Seale, 1906
Species Gymnothorax albimentis (Evermann & Marsh, 1900) accepted as Gymnothorax moringa (Cuvier, 1829)
Species Gymnothorax albomaculatus Bliss, 1883 accepted as Gymnothorax johnsoni (Smith, 1962)
Species Gymnothorax anatinus (Lowe, 1838) accepted as Enchelycore anatina (Lowe, 1838)
Species Gymnothorax argus Steindachner, 1870 accepted as Muraena argus (Steindachner, 1870)
Species Gymnothorax bathiphylus Randall & McCosker, 1975 accepted as Gymnothorax bathyphilus Randall & McCosker, 1975 (misspelling)
Species Gymnothorax bayeri Schultz, 1953 accepted as Enchelycore bayeri (Schultz, 1953)
Species Gymnothorax bikiniensis Schultz, 1953 accepted as Enchelycore bikiniensis (Schultz, 1953)
Species Gymnothorax borneensis Bleeker, 1863 accepted as Gymnothorax tile (Hamilton, 1822) (synonym)
Species Gymnothorax boschi (Bleeker, 1853) accepted as Echidna nebulosa (Ahl, 1789) (misspelling)
Species Gymnothorax boschii (Bleeker, 1853) accepted as Echidna nebulosa (Ahl, 1789)
Species Gymnothorax brunneus Nichols, 1920 accepted as Enchelycore nigricans (Bonnaterre, 1788)
Species Gymnothorax brunneus Herre, 1923 accepted as Gymnothorax herrei Beebe & Tee-Van, 1933
Species Gymnothorax catenatus Bloch, 1795 accepted as Echidna catenata (Bloch, 1795)
Species Gymnothorax chilensis (Günther, 1872) accepted as Gymnothorax porphyreus (Guichenot, 1848)
Species Gymnothorax chlorostigma (Kaup, 1856) accepted as Gymnothorax meleagris (Shaw, 1795)
Species Gymnothorax colubrinus (Boddaert, 1781) accepted as Myrichthys colubrinus (Boddaert, 1781)
Species Gymnothorax concolor (Abbott, 1860) accepted as Gymnothorax moringa (Cuvier, 1829)
Species Gymnothorax corallinus (Klunzinger, 1871) accepted as Gymnothorax buroensis (Bleeker, 1857)
Species Gymnothorax cyanopunctatus Howell Rivero, 1932 accepted as Gymnothorax vicinus (Castelnau, 1855)
Species Gymnothorax dorsalis Seale, 1917 accepted as Strophidon dorsalis (Seale, 1917)
Species Gymnothorax elaboratus (Poey, 1860) accepted as Gymnothorax miliaris (Kaup, 1856)
Species Gymnothorax eupterus (Günther, 1870) accepted as Gymnothorax nubilus (Richardson, 1848)
Species Gymnothorax favagiensis (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) accepted as Gymnothorax favagineus Bloch & Schneider, 1801 (misspelling)
Species Gymnothorax fimbriata (Bennett, 1832) accepted as Gymnothorax fimbriatus (Bennett, 1832) (misspelling)
Species Gymnothorax flavomarginatus (Rüppell, 1830) accepted as Gymnothorax flavimarginatus (Rüppell, 1830) (misspelling)
Species Gymnothorax flavopictus (Kaup, 1856) accepted as Gymnothorax miliaris (Kaup, 1856)
Species Gymnothorax flavoscriptus Poey, 1876 accepted as Gymnothorax moringa (Cuvier, 1829)
Species Gymnothorax fuscomaculata (Schultz, 1953) accepted as Gymnothorax fuscomaculatus (Schultz, 1953)
Species Gymnothorax galetae Rubinoff, 1966 accepted as Muraena robusta Osório, 1911
Species Gymnothorax goldsboroughi Jordan & Evermann, 1903 accepted as Gymnothorax elegans Bliss, 1883
Species Gymnothorax gracilicaudus Jenkins, 1903 accepted as Gymnothorax gracilicauda Jenkins, 1903 (misspelling)
Species Gymnothorax griffini Whitley & Phillips, 1939 accepted as Gymnothorax porphyreus (Guichenot, 1848) (synonym)
Species Gymnothorax insignis Seale, 1917 accepted as Gymnothorax nudivomer (Günther, 1867)
Species Gymnothorax irregularis (Kaup, 1856) accepted as Gymnothorax miliaris (Kaup, 1856)
Species Gymnothorax jacksoniensis Bleeker, 1863 accepted as Gymnothorax prasinus (Richardson, 1848)
Species Gymnothorax javonica (Bleeker, 1859) accepted as Gymnothorax javanicus (Bleeker, 1859) (misspelling)
Species Gymnothorax jordani (Evermann & Marsh, 1899) accepted as Gymnothorax ocellatus Agassiz, 1831
Species Gymnothorax laysanus (Steindachner, 1900) accepted as Gymnothorax eurostus (Abbott, 1860)
Species Gymnothorax leecote Scott, 1965 accepted as Gymnothorax prasinus (Richardson, 1848)
Species Gymnothorax leucacme Jenkins, 1903 accepted as Gymnothorax rueppelliae (McClelland, 1844) (synonym)
Species Gymnothorax leucostictus Jenkins, 1903 accepted as Gymnothorax meleagris (Shaw, 1795) (synonym)
Species Gymnothorax leucostigma Jordan & Richardson, 1909 accepted as Gymnothorax prionodon Ogilby, 1895
Species Gymnothorax leucostigmus Jordan & Richardson, 1909 accepted as Gymnothorax prionodon Ogilby, 1895
Species Gymnothorax mauritianus (Kaup, 1856) accepted as Gymnothorax flavimarginatus (Rüppell, 1830)
Species Gymnothorax melanospilos (Bleeker, 1855) accepted as Gymnothorax isingteena (Richardson, 1845)
Species Gymnothorax melanospilus (Bleeker, 1855) accepted as Gymnothorax isingteena (Richardson, 1845) (misspelling)
Species Gymnothorax microspila (Günther, 1870) accepted as Gymnothorax reevesii (Richardson, 1845)
Species Gymnothorax monostigmus (Regan, 1909) accepted as Gymnothorax monostigma (Regan, 1909)
Species Gymnothorax moringua (Cuvier, 1829) accepted as Gymnothorax moringa (Cuvier, 1829) (misspelling)
Species Gymnothorax mucifer Snyder, 1904 accepted as Gymnothorax kidako (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)
Species Gymnothorax muraena Bloch & Schneider, 1801 accepted as Muraena helena Linnaeus, 1758
Species Gymnothorax nevezi Roux, 1957 accepted as Muraena robusta Osório, 1911
Species Gymnothorax nigrocastaneus Cope, 1871 accepted as Enchelycore nigricans (Bonnaterre, 1788)
Species Gymnothorax obscuratus Poey, 1870 accepted as Gymnothorax vicinus (Castelnau, 1855)
Species Gymnothorax obscurirostris Rendahl, 1921 accepted as Gymnothorax porphyreus (Guichenot, 1848)
Species Gymnothorax octavianus Myers & Wade, 1941 accepted as Enchelycore octaviana (Myers & Wade, 1941)
Species Gymnothorax pardalis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) accepted as Enchelycore pardalis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)
Species Gymnothorax peli (Kaup, 1856) accepted as Echidna peli (Kaup, 1856)
Species Gymnothorax permistus (Smith, 1962) accepted as Gymnothorax favagineus Bloch & Schneider, 1801
Species Gymnothorax pescadoris (non Jordan & Evermann, 1902) accepted as Gymnothorax favagineus Bloch & Schneider, 1801
Species Gymnothorax petelli (Bleeker, 1856) accepted as Gymnothorax rueppelliae (McClelland, 1844)
Species Gymnothorax picta (Ahl, 1789) accepted as Gymnothorax pictus (Ahl, 1789) (misspelling)
Species Gymnothorax picturatus Poey, 1880 accepted as Gymnothorax moringa (Cuvier, 1829)
Species Gymnothorax porphyrea (Guichenot, 1848) accepted as Gymnothorax porphyreus (Guichenot, 1848) (misspelling)
Species Gymnothorax punctatofasciata Bleeker, 1863 accepted as Gymnothorax punctatofasciatus Bleeker, 1863 (misspelling)
Species Gymnothorax ramosus Griffin, 1926 accepted as Enchelycore ramosa (Griffin, 1926)
Species Gymnothorax reevesi (Richardson, 1845) accepted as Gymnothorax reevesii (Richardson, 1845) (misspelling)
Species Gymnothorax richardsoni (Bleeker, 1852) accepted as Gymnothorax richardsonii (Bleeker, 1852)
Species Gymnothorax richarsonii (Bleeker, 1852) accepted as Gymnothorax richardsonii (Bleeker, 1852) (unaccepted > misspelling - incorrect subsequent spelling)
Species Gymnothorax rostratus Agassiz, 1831 accepted as Gymnothorax moringa (Cuvier, 1829)
Species Gymnothorax ruepelliae (McClelland, 1844) accepted as Gymnothorax rueppelliae (McClelland, 1844) (misspelling)
Species Gymnothorax rüeppelliae (McClelland, 1844) accepted as Gymnothorax rueppelliae (McClelland, 1844) (misspelling)
Species Gymnothorax rueppellii (McClelland, 1844) accepted as Gymnothorax rueppelliae (McClelland, 1844) (misspelling)
Species Gymnothorax ruppeli (McClelland, 1844) accepted as Gymnothorax rueppelliae (McClelland, 1844) (misspelling)
Species Gymnothorax ruppelii (McClelland, 1844) accepted as Gymnothorax rueppelliae (McClelland, 1844) (unaccepted > misspelling - incorrect subsequent spelling)
Species Gymnothorax ruppelli (McClelland, 1844) accepted as Gymnothorax rueppelliae (McClelland, 1844) (misspelling)
Species Gymnothorax ruppelliae (McClelland, 1844) accepted as Gymnothorax rueppelliae (McClelland, 1844) (misspelling)
Species Gymnothorax ruppellii (McClelland, 1844) accepted as Gymnothorax rueppelliae (McClelland, 1844) (unaccepted > misspelling - incorrect subsequent spelling)
Species Gymnothorax sathete (Hamilton, 1822) accepted as Strophidon sathete (Hamilton, 1822)
Species Gymnothorax schismatorhynchus (Bleeker, 1853) accepted as Enchelycore schismatorhynchus (Bleeker, 1853)
Species Gymnothorax scriptus Poey, 1867 accepted as Gymnothorax miliaris (Kaup, 1856)
Species Gymnothorax signifer Bliss, 1883 accepted as Gymnothorax rueppelliae (McClelland, 1844) (synonym)
Species Gymnothorax tagenedota (Richardson, 1848) accepted as Gymnothorax sagenodeta (Richardson, 1848) (misspelling)
Species Gymnothorax tesselatus (Richardson, 1845) accepted as Gymnothorax favagineus Bloch & Schneider, 1801 (misspelling)
Species Gymnothorax tessellata (Richardson, 1845) accepted as Gymnothorax favagineus Bloch & Schneider, 1801
Species Gymnothorax tessellatus (Richardson, 1845) accepted as Gymnothorax favagineus Bloch & Schneider, 1801
Species Gymnothorax thrysoideus (Richardson, 1845) accepted as Gymnothorax thyrsoideus (Richardson, 1845) (misspelling)
Species Gymnothorax thyrsoidea (Richardson, 1845) accepted as Gymnothorax thyrsoideus (Richardson, 1845) (misspelling)
Species Gymnothorax thyrsoides (Richardson, 1845) accepted as Gymnothorax thyrsoideus (Richardson, 1845)
Species Gymnothorax umbrosus Poey, 1875 accepted as Enchelycore nigricans (Bonnaterre, 1788)
Species Gymnothorax undulates (Lacepède, 1803) accepted as Gymnothorax undulatus (Lacepède, 1803) (misspelling)
Species Gymnothorax versipunctatus Poey, 1876 accepted as Gymnothorax vicinus (Castelnau, 1855)
Species Gymnothorax virescens Poey, 1876 accepted as Gymnothorax vicinus (Castelnau, 1855)
Species Gymnothorax viridipinnis Bliss, 1883 accepted as Gymnothorax flavimarginatus (Rüppell, 1830)
Species Gymnothorax viridipinnnis Bliss, 1883 accepted as Gymnothorax flavimarginatus (Rüppell, 1830)
Species Gymnothorax waialuae Snyder, 1904 accepted as Gymnothorax rueppelliae (McClelland, 1844) (synonym)
Species Gymnothorax wieneri Sauvage, 1883 accepted as Gymnothorax porphyreus (Guichenot, 1848)
Species Gymnothorax wilsoni Bloch & Schneider, 1801 accepted as Conger wilsoni (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Species Gymnothorax wooliensis (Whitley, 1968) accepted as Gymnothorax prionodon Ogilby, 1895
Species Gymnothorax xanthostomus Snyder, 1904 (unaccepted)
Species Gymnothorax zebra Shaw, 1797 (unaccepted)
Species Gymnothorax zonipectus Seale, 1906 (unaccepted, misspelling)

Environment

marine, brackish, fresh, ~~terrestrial~~

Original description

Bloch, M. E. (1795). Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische. Berlin. v. 9. i-ii + 1-192, Pls. 397-429. [details]

Taxonomic citation

Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. (2024). FishBase. Gymnothorax Bloch, 1795. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=125636 on 2024-04-27

Taxonomic edit history

Date

action

2004-12-21 15:54:05Z

created

van der Land, Jacob

2013-01-04 15:09:25Z

changed

Bailly, Nicolas

2013-02-28 07:03:44Z

changed

Bailly, Nicolas

2014-11-21 13:09:37Z

changed

Bailly, Nicolas

Licensing

The webpage text is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License

[taxonomic tree]

original description Bloch, M. E. (1795). Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische. Berlin. v. 9. i-ii + 1-192, Pls. 397-429. [details]

original description (of Muraenophis Lacepède, 1803) Lacepède, B.G.E. (1803). Histoire naturelle des poissons. Tome Cinquieme. 5(1-21): i-lxviii + 1-803 + index., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6335629 [details]

taxonomy source Fricke, R., Eschmeyer, W. N. & Van der Laan, R. (eds). (2024). ECoF. Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, References. California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco. Electronic version accessed dd mmm 2024., available online at http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/Ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp [details]

context source (PeRMS) Chirichigno, N.; Cornejo, M. (2001). Catálogo comentado de los peces marinos del Perú. 2ª ed. Instituto del Mar de Perú. Publicación Especial. Callao. 314 p. [details]

basis of record van der Land, J.; Costello, M.J.; Zavodnik, D.; Santos, R.S.; Porteiro, F.M.; Bailly, N.; Eschmeyer, W.N.; Froese, R. (2001). Pisces, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 357-374 (look up in IMIS) [details]

additional source King, C.M.; Roberts, C.D.; Bell, B.D.; Fordyce, R.E.; Nicoll, R.S.; Worthy, T.H.; Paulin, C.D.; Hitchmough, R.A.; Keyes, I.W.; Baker, A.N.; Stewart, A.L.; Hiller, N.; McDowall, R.M.; Holdaway, R.N.; McPhee, R.P.; Schwarzhans, W.W.; Tennyson, A.J.D.; Rust, S.; Macadie, I. (2009). Phylum Chordata: lancelets, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals. in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: 1. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia. pp. 431-554. [details]

additional source Froese, R. & D. Pauly (Editors). (2023). FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. version (02/2023)., available online at https://www.fishbase.org [details]