FERN PLANTS GALLERY PAGES Fern Culture with British Ferns and their Allies comprising the Ferns, Club-mosses, Pepperworts and Horsetails by Thomas Moore, F.L.S, F.H.S., Etc. London George Routledge and Sons, Broadway, Ludgate Hill. Hardcover published in 1861 provides details on British Ferns |
TYPE OF FERN TO GROW
Where to see UNITED STATES WALES |
USE OF FERN
Where to see AUSTRALIA CANADA ENGLAND FRANCE GERMANY IRELAND NETHERLANDS
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SPORE COLOUR BED PICTURES Where to see NEW ZEALAND SCOTLAND UNITED STATES |
A Natural History of Britain's Ferns by Christopher N. Page. Published by William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd in 1988. ISBN 0 00 219382 5 (limpback edition) provides details of Coastal, Man-made Landscapes, Woodland, Wetland, Grassland and Rock Outcrops, Heath and Moorland, Lower Mountain Habitats, Upper Mountain Habitats and Atlantic Fringe Ferns. Tree Ferns by Mark F. Large & John E. Braggins. Published by Timber Press in 2004. ISBN 978-1-60469-176-4 is a scientifically accurate book dealing with Tree Fern species cultivated in the United States and the Pacific, but little known and rare tree ferns are also included. The Observer's Book of Ferns, revised by Francis Rose, previous editions compiled by W.J.Stokoe. Published by Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd in 1965 provides a comprehensive guide to 45 British species of Ferns. It provides details of habitat and how to use those ferns. The Plant Lover's Guide to Ferns by Richard Steffen & Sue Olsen. Published in 2015 by Timber Press, Inc. ISBN 978-1-60469- Success with Indoor Ferns, edited by Lesley Young. Reprinted 1998. ISBN 1 85391 554 8. It details the care of indoor ferns with their position, choice and fern care. |
Where to see UNITED STATES |
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Fern |
Foliage Colour and |
Height x Spread in inches (cms) |
Type of Fern to Grow |
Use of Fern |
Comments |
Frond |
Credit |
Form |
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Acrostichum aureum (Acrostichum inaequale ; Chrysodium aureum ; Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan (Hualian, Pingdong), Yunnan [pantropical]. 卤蕨 |
The leaves are glossy, broad and pinnate, the pinnae being dark green, leathery, alternate and widely spaced. Plants 1-2 m tall. Rhizome erect; scales dark brown to black, broadly lanceolate. Coastal areas, often in mangrove swamps; near sea level to 100 m. |
40-160 x (100-400 x ) |
Miscellaneous Ferns Propagation: By division of roots at potting time or by spores in spring.
The genus Acrostichum includes bold-looking ferns with large ercet fronds up to 400cm (160 inches) tall. Although the plants grow tall in the wild, they tend to be shorter in cultivation. In tropical climares or large indoor spaces with adequate light, they can be grown in ponds or in pots kept wet or set in water. Acrostichum is subject to damage by scale insects and slugs. The genus occurs throughout the tropics, thriving primarily in mangroves and brackish marshes. |
Suitable for Aquatic Bog or Wet-Soil Fern Brackish Water in Coastal District Stove evergreen ferns found in tropical swamps. Use within pot in Heated Conservatory |
A very large fern with erect rhizomes and fronds in clusters. Best grown under high light in garden soil or potting mix kept constantly wet. It can grow with its stems submerged but is typically found rooting in mud with the foliage held above water. It grows natively in brackish water but can be cultivated in fresh water. It occurs throughout the tropical regions of the world. Increasing greatly with age. |
Frond of Acrostichum aureum; (hakato) near a Tongan creek.
Form of Acrostichum aureum L. |
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Acrostichum danaeifolium (Acrostichum excelsum, Acrostichum lomarioides) Tropics |
Stems usually erect, infrequently branched. Leaves ascending or erect, 1.5--5 m × 15--60 cm. |
Fronds erect to 60 inches (150 cms) and over |
Miscellaneous Ferns
Propagation: By division of roots at potting time or by spores in spring. The genus Acrostichum includes bold-looking ferns with large ercet fronds up to 400cm (160 inches) tall. Although the plants grow tall in the wild, they tend to be shorter in cultivation. In tropical climares or large indoor spaces with adequate light, they can be grown in ponds or in pots kept wet or set in water. Acrostichum is subject to damage by scale insects and slugs. The genus occurs throughout the tropics, thriving primarily in mangroves and brackish marshes. |
Suitable for
Stove evergreen ferns found in tropical swamps. Use within pot in Heated Conservatory |
Somewhat saline to freshwater swamps, canal and pond margins, commonly in sinkholes in hammocks, disturbed marl sites, inland to coastal regions. These species frequently can be distinguished by the distribution of pinnae, the distribution of fertile pinnae, the shape of the costal areoles, and the structure of the paraphyses. In parts of Florida, their distributions are contiguous and abruptly separated by habitat. Acrosticum aureum is more frequently found in coastal shaded areas, in saline black-mangrove communities, and in the southern and southwestern parts of the state. Acrostichum danaeifolium grows vigorously in full sun and is common and widely distributed in Florida, where it has been collected in virtually every county throughout the southern two-thirds of the state. |
Giant-Leather-Fern-sori - Found in Everglades National Park on 10 April 2011. By Homer Edward Price, via Wikimedia Commons. Location taken: the New York Botanical Garden. Names: Acrostichum danaefolium Langsd. & Fischer, Giant Leather Fer Classification: Plantae > Pteridophyta > Polypodiopsida > Polypodiales > Pteridaceae > Acrostichum > Acrostichum danaefolium. Date 30 March 2006. Photo by David J. Stang, via Wikimedia Commons. |
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Acrostichum speciosum Hainan (Wenchang) [Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam; tropical Asia, Australia]. 尖叶卤蕨 |
Plants 1-1.5 m tall. Rhizome scales dark brown to black, broadly lanceolate, ca. 1 × 0.2-0.3 cm. |
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Miscellaneous Ferns Propagation: By division of roots at potting time or by spores in spring.
The genus Acrostichum includes bold-looking ferns with large ercet fronds up to 400cm (160 inches) tall. Although the plants grow tall in the wild, they tend to be shorter in cultivation. In tropical climares or large indoor spaces with adequate light, they can be grown in ponds or in pots kept wet or set in water. Acrostichum is subject to damage by scale insects and slugs. The genus occurs throughout the tropics, thriving primarily in mangroves and brackish marshes. |
Suitable for
Stove evergreen ferns found in tropical swamps. Use within pot in Heated Conservatory |
Mangrove swamps; near sea level. |
Acrostichum speciosum Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney. Date: 19 October 2011. By Poyt448 Peter Woodard, via Wikimedia Commons. |
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Actiniopteris semiflabellata (Actiniopteris semiflabella) From Africa, Madagascar, Mauritius, North India Tropical - Semitropical Excellent Tender to semi-tender. Its name comes from the Greek aktis, ray, and pteris, fern, alluding to the radiating segments of the blade. |
An unusual fern with spreading, segmented fronds which resemble the sterile leaves of Schizaea dichotoma (Fan Fern). |
2-8 x 6-8 Actiniopteris is a small genus of stove ferns that thrive in a compost of sandy loam and peat with charcoal, and plentiful crocks to ensure good drainage. They require a winter temperature of 60F (15C). Repot in February or March. |
Xerophytic Ferns and Miscellaneous Ferns Propagation: By spores sown on fine sandy peat, kept moist and shaded under bell-glass. |
Suitable for Terrarium. Stove and Greenhouse evergreen ferns. |
It is a clumping species which grows in rock crevices in dry to arid climates. It is somewhat tricky to grow requiring a coarse open mixture and a fairly small pot. Plants should be watered profusely while they are in growth and sparingly when they are dormant. It is reported to succeed well in conditions similar to those in a terrarium. It seems to prefer moderately humid conditions, but excessive moisture around their roots should be avoided. Crevices in limestone, granite and lava rocks in open bushland and woodland, also dry evergreen forest and derived scrub. |
See photos. |
If you grow and sell ferns in any country, please tell me so that I can put them on this website and inform others where they can be bought online via mail-order. If you would provide photos and fern details to be only used by me on this website, they would be gratefully received, since I could assume that the photo was a valid one in regard to its name of fern in its filename to that fern in the photo. |
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Anemia adiantifolia (Osmunda adiantifolia) Tropical America Fla.; Mexico; West Indies in the Antilles, Trinidad; Central America; South America to Ecuador and Brazil. |
Stems ca. 2 mm diam. Leaves partially dimorphic (sporangia limited to proximal pair of pinnae). |
12-18 x |
Miscellaneous Ferns (Acrostichum, Actiniopteris, Anemia, Anogramma, Anopteris, Blotiella, Bolbitis, Christella, Coniogramma, Cryptogramma, Ctenitis, Cyclosorus, Didymochlaena, Dipteris, Elaphoglossum, Equisetum, Gymnocarpium, Llavea, Lonchitis, Lygodium, Macrothelypteris, Oentrichia, Oleandra, Onoclea, Onychium, Oreopteris, Parathelypteris, Phegopteris, Photinopteris, Pityrogramma, Pneumatopteris, Psilotum, Stenochlaena, Thelypteris, Vittaria) Propagation: By spores sown on fine sandy peat, kept moist and shaded under bell-glass. |
Suitable for
Stove Fern. First introduced late eighteenth century. Some authorities use the name Anemidictyon in place of Anemia. |
Stove Species. Terrestrial on open to lightly shaded, rocky slopes and in hammocks and pine woods, often on limestone; 0--30 m |
Pine Fern found in Everglades National Park. Date: 13 January 2011. By Homer Edward Price, via Wikimedia Commons. |
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Anemia mexicana Tex.; n Mexico. |
Stems ca. 2 mm diam. Leaves partially dimorphic (sporangia limited to proximal pair of pinnae), |
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Miscellaneous Ferns (Acrostichum, Actiniopteris, Anemia, Anogramma, Anopteris, Blotiella, Bolbitis, Christella, Coniogramma, Cryptogramma, Ctenitis, Cyclosorus, Didymochlaena, Dipteris, Elaphoglossum, Equisetum, Gymnocarpium, Llavea, Lonchitis, Lygodium, Macrothelypteris, Oentrichia, Oleandra, Onoclea, Onychium, Oreopteris, Parathelypteris, Phegopteris, Photinopteris, Pityrogramma, Pneumatopteris, Psilotum, Stenochlaena, Thelypteris, Vittaria) Propagation: By spores sown on fine sandy peat, kept moist and shaded under bell-glass. |
Suitable for
Stove and Greenhouse Fern. First introduced late eighteenth century. Some authorities use the name Anemidictyon in place of Anemia. |
Lightly shaded limestone outcrops of the Edwards Plateau; 400--500 m |
Anemia mexicana specimen in the Botanischer Garten München-Nymphenburg, Munich, Germany. Date: 2 May 2011. By Daderot, via Wikimedia Commons. |
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Anemia phyllitidis Cuba, Peru |
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12 x |
Miscellaneous Ferns (Acrostichum, Actiniopteris, Anemia, Anogramma, Anopteris, Blotiella, Bolbitis, Christella, Coniogramma, Cryptogramma, Ctenitis, Cyclosorus, Didymochlaena, Dipteris, Elaphoglossum, Equisetum, Gymnocarpium, Llavea, Lonchitis, Lygodium, Macrothelypteris, Oentrichia, Oleandra, Onoclea, Onychium, Oreopteris, Parathelypteris, Phegopteris, Photinopteris, Pityrogramma, Pneumatopteris, Psilotum, Stenochlaena, Thelypteris, Vittaria) Propagation: By spores sown on fine sandy peat, kept moist and shaded under bell-glass. |
Suitable for
Greenhouse Fern. First introduced late eighteenth century. Some authorities use the name Anemidictyon in place of Anemia. |
Greenhouse Species. |
Anemia phyllitidis specimen in the Botanischer Garten München-Nymphenburg, Munich, Germany. Date: 2 May 2011. By Daderot, via Wikimedia Commons. |
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Blotiella natalensis |
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Miscellaneous Ferns (Acrostichum, Actiniopteris, Anemia, Anogramma, Anopteris, Blotiella, Bolbitis, Christella, Coniogramma, Cryptogramma, Ctenitis, Cyclosorus, Didymochlaena, Dipteris, Elaphoglossum, Equisetum, Gymnocarpium, Llavea, Lonchitis, Lygodium, Macrothelypteris, Oentrichia, Oleandra, Onoclea, Onychium, Oreopteris, Parathelypteris, Phegopteris, Photinopteris, Pityrogramma, Pneumatopteris, Psilotum, Stenochlaena, Thelypteris, Vittaria) Propagation: See instructions on right |
Suitable for
Stove, Greenhouse, Hardy Fern. |
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Sori of Blotiella natalensis, marginal in sinuses between lobes, in Iphithi Nature Reserve, Gillitts. Date: 4 June 2014. By JMK, via Wikimedia Commons. Habit of Blotiella natalensis in Iphithi Nature Reserve, Gillitts. Date: 4 June 2014. By JMK, via Wikimedia Commons. |
Propagation: For those without propagation by spores instructions; the following is suitable: "Keep a close eye upon the fronds, and when the spore cases begin to turn brown remove a frond or portions of it, and wrap them up in white paper, putting them in a closed box for a few days, when an abundance of spores for sowing will be available. Fill some pots with good loam, to within an inch (2.5 cms) of the top, using to drainage, and surface this with some finely broken and dusty crocks or bricks. Give a thorough watering, and when this has soaked away sow the spores as thinly as possible. Stand each pot in a saucer of water, cover it in a case or under a bell-glass where light is available, but where there is no direct sunshine. When the pots get covered with small green scales (prothallica), transplant some of the small tufts with a pointed peg into other pots filled with compost and surfaced with sandy soil. Saucers of water beneath the pots should be used to supply moisture." from Black's Gardening Dictionary. Edited by E.T. Ellis. Published by A & C. Black Ltd in 1928. |
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Christella dentata (Cyclosorus dentatus Dryopteris dentata Nephrodium dentatum Thelypteris dentata |
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Miscellaneous Ferns (Acrostichum, Actiniopteris, Anemia, Anogramma, Anopteris, Blotiella, Bolbitis, Christella, Coniogramma, Cryptogramma, Ctenitis, Cyclosorus, Didymochlaena, Dipteris, Elaphoglossum, Equisetum, Gymnocarpium, Llavea, Lonchitis, Lygodium, Macrothelypteris, Oentrichia, Oleandra, Onoclea, Onychium, Oreopteris, Parathelypteris, Phegopteris, Photinopteris, Pityrogramma, Pneumatopteris, Psilotum, Stenochlaena, Thelypteris, Vittaria) Propagation: See instructions on right |
Suitable for
Stove, Greenhouse, Hardy Fern. |
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Christella dentata, at Chatswood West. By Poyt448 Peter Woodard, via Wikimedia Commons. |
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Christella parasitica (Polypodium parasiticum Aspidium parasiticum Aspidium parasiticum Christella parasitica Cyclosorus parasitica Cyclosorus parasiticus Dryopteris parasitica Nephrodium parasiticum Nephrodium parasiticum Thelypteris parasitica Thelypteris parasitica Thelypteris parasitica ) |
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Miscellaneous Ferns (Acrostichum, Actiniopteris, Anemia, Anogramma, Anopteris, Blotiella, Bolbitis, Christella, Coniogramma, Cryptogramma, Ctenitis, Cyclosorus, Didymochlaena, Dipteris, Elaphoglossum, Equisetum, Gymnocarpium, Llavea, Lonchitis, Lygodium, Macrothelypteris, Oentrichia, Oleandra, Onoclea, Onychium, Oreopteris, Parathelypteris, Phegopteris, Photinopteris, Pityrogramma, Pneumatopteris, Psilotum, Stenochlaena, Thelypteris, Vittaria) Propagation: See instructions on right |
Suitable for
Stove, Greenhouse, Hardy Fern. |
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Christella parasitica (frond). Location: Maui, Makawao Forest Reserve. Date: 20 June 2004. By Forest & Kim Starr with permission - http://www.starrenvironmental.com/imageusepolicy/ , via Wikimedia Commons. |
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Coniogramme intermedia Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, India, Japan, Korea, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Vietnam]. 普通凤了蕨 |
Plants 60-120 cm tall. |
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Miscellaneous Ferns Propagation: By spores; division. |
Suitable for
Greenhouse evergreen fern. |
Forests, grasslands, streamsides; 300-2800 m. |
Plant Delights Nursery sells Coniogramme intermedia 'Shishi' and |
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Coniogramme japonica (Gymnogramma japonica, Hemionitis japonica ; Coniogramme ankangensis ; Japan, Formosa. 凤了蕨 |
Lanceolate or broadly lanceolate, 8-15 × 1.5-3.5 cm, stalked or distal pinnules sessile, base cuneate, rounded, or rarely cordate. |
Fronds to |
Miscellaneous Ferns Propagation: By spores; division. |
Suitable for
Greenhouse evergreen fern. |
Forests, shaded wet soil in ravines; 100-2000 m. Coniogramme japonica has long been one of the most admired and requested ferns from our garden (Juniper Level Botanic Garden, NC, USA). Japanese bamboo fern is a unique bold-textured fern with upright, 2' - 24 inches = 60 cms - tall, dark green, plastic-feeling fronds, emerging from a slowly spreading rhizome. For us, our 10-year-old clump of Coniogramme japonica is 3' wide. Where we have seen this growing in the wild, bamboo fern seems to prefer a moist to slightly moist woodland soil...very easy to grow in USDA Zones 7b to 9b, at least; in Light Shade to Shade. |
Coniogramme japonica in the Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis. Date: 4 September 2016> By Krzysztof Ziarnek, Kenraiz, via Wikimedia Commons. |
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Coniogramme crispa |
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Miscellaneous Ferns Propagation: By spores; division. |
Suitable for
Greenhouse evergreen fern. |
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Ctenitis sloanei (Polypodium sloanei ) Fla.; s Mexico; West Indies in Antilles, Trinidad; Central America; South America in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. The names Ctenitis ampla (Humboldt & Bonpland ex Willdenow) Ching and Dryopteris ampla (Humboldt & Bonpland ex Willdenow) Kuntze have been misapplied to this taxon. Ctenitis sloanei and C . submarginalis both have numerous scales at the base of the petiole; in C . sloanei , however, the scales form a large, conspicuous, tangled tuft. |
Sori medial to inframedial; indusia present but soon deciduous and therefore appearing absent. |
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Miscellaneous Ferns (Acrostichum, Actiniopteris, Anemia, Anogramma, Anopteris, Blotiella, Bolbitis, Christella, Coniogramma, Cryptogramma, Ctenitis, Cyclosorus, Didymochlaena, Dipteris, Elaphoglossum, Equisetum, Gymnocarpium, Llavea, Lonchitis, Lygodium, Macrothelypteris, Oentrichia, Oleandra, Onoclea, Onychium, Oreopteris, Parathelypteris, Phegopteris, Photinopteris, Pityrogramma, Pneumatopteris, Psilotum, Stenochlaena, Thelypteris, Vittaria) Propagation: See instructions on right |
Suitable for
Stove, Greenhouse, Hardy Fern. |
Wooded limestone ledges, hammocks, cypress swamps; 0 m |
Location taken: Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Miami, FL USA. Names: Ctenitis sloanei (Poepp. ex Spreng.) C. V. Morton, Florida Lacefern, Florida Tree Fern, Red-Hair Comb Fer Classification: Plantae > Pteridophyta > Polypodiopsida > Polypodiales > Dryopteridaceae > Ctenitis > Ctenitis sloanei. Date: 16 February 2007. Photo by David J. Stang, via Wikimedia Commons. |
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Cyclosorus interruptus (Pteris interrupta ; Aspidium gongylodes ; Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Jiangxi, Taiwan, S Yunnan [throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world]. 毛蕨
According to recent molecular study by Smith and Cranfill (Amer. Fern J. 92(2): 131-149. 2002), Cyclosorus interruptus is distantly related to other species in this genus but is quite close to Ampelopteris prolifera. This relationship requires further study. |
Plants 40-100 cm tall. Rhizomes long creeping, black, including bases of stipes with sparse ovate-lanceolate scales. Fronds distant. |
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Miscellaneous Ferns (Acrostichum, Actiniopteris, Anemia, Anogramma, Anopteris, Blotiella, Bolbitis, Christella, Coniogramma, Cryptogramma, Ctenitis, Cyclosorus, Didymochlaena, Dipteris, Elaphoglossum, Equisetum, Gymnocarpium, Llavea, Lonchitis, Lygodium, Macrothelypteris, Oentrichia, Oleandra, Onoclea, Onychium, Oreopteris, Parathelypteris, Phegopteris, Photinopteris, Pityrogramma, Pneumatopteris, Psilotum, Stenochlaena, Thelypteris, Vittaria) Propagation: See instructions on right |
Suitable for
Stove, Greenhouse, Hardy Fern. |
Swamps, wetlands; near sea level to 500 m. |
Propagation: For those without propagation by spores instructions; the following is suitable: "Keep a close eye upon the fronds, and when the spore cases begin to turn brown remove a frond or portions of it, and wrap them up in white paper, putting them in a closed box for a few days, when an abundance of spores for sowing will be available. Fill some pots with good loam, to within an inch (2.5 cms) of the top, using to drainage, and surface this with some finely broken and dusty crocks or bricks. Give a thorough watering, and when this has soaked away sow the spores as thinly as possible. Stand each pot in a saucer of water, cover it in a case or under a bell-glass where light is available, but where there is no direct sunshine. When the pots get covered with small green scales (prothallica), transplant some of the small tufts with a pointed peg into other pots filled with compost and surfaced with sandy soil. Saucers of water beneath the pots should be used to supply moisture." from Black's Gardening Dictionary. Edited by E.T. Ellis. Published by A & C. Black Ltd in 1928. |
Neke or Willdenow's maiden fern Thely pteridaceae Indigenous to the Hawaiian Islands Oʻahu (Cultivated) 日本語: Cyclosorus interruptus:テツホシダ Cyclosorus interruptus, frond-detail - Afrikaans: Hottentotvaring, detail van die pinna se ondersy, in Iphithi Natuurreservaat, KwaZoeloe-Natal Cyclosorus interruptus (Neke). Habit at Makamakaole, Maui, Hawaii. September 24, 2011. By Forest and Kim Starr, via Wikimedia Commons. |
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Didymochlaena truncatula (Didymochlaena lunulata) Tropics Native of Bolivia - Region: andes, lowlands. |
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Miscellaneous Ferns Propagation: By spores sown on surface of sandy peat under bell-glass in |
Suitable for
Greenhouse Fern. First introduced mid-nineteenth century. |
Tree-like habit. Vegetation: yungas, rain. |
Didymochlaena truncatula. Plant specimen in the Hong Kong Zoological and Botanical Gardens, Hong Kong. Date: 20 February 2011. By Daderot, via Wikimedia Commons. |
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Dipteris conjugata (Phymatodes conjugata) Hainan, Taiwan [Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Japan (S Ryukyu Islands), Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam; Pacific islands]. 双扇蕨 |
Rhizome to ca. 1 cm in diam., covered with hairlike scales; scales reddish brown, narrow, to 1.2 cm, stiff. |
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Miscellaneous Ferns (Acrostichum, Actiniopteris, Anemia, Anogramma, Anopteris, Blotiella, Bolbitis, Christella, Coniogramma, Cryptogramma, Ctenitis, Cyclosorus, Didymochlaena, Dipteris, Elaphoglossum, Equisetum, Gymnocarpium, Llavea, Lonchitis, Lygodium, Macrothelypteris, Oentrichia, Oleandra, Onoclea, Onychium, Oreopteris, Parathelypteris, Phegopteris, Photinopteris, Pityrogramma, Pneumatopteris, Psilotum, Stenochlaena, Thelypteris, Vittaria) Propagation: See instructions on right |
Suitable for
Stove, Greenhouse, Hardy Fern. |
Terrestrial in clearings, ridges, forest margins; 500-1200 m. |
Propagation: For those without propagation by spores instructions; the following is suitable: "Keep a close eye upon the fronds, and when the spore cases begin to turn brown remove a frond or portions of it, and wrap them up in white paper, putting them in a closed box for a few days, when an abundance of spores for sowing will be available. Fill some pots with good loam, to within an inch (2.5 cms) of the top, using to drainage, and surface this with some finely broken and dusty crocks or bricks. Give a thorough watering, and when this has soaked away sow the spores as thinly as possible. Stand each pot in a saucer of water, cover it in a case or under a bell-glass where light is available, but where there is no direct sunshine. When the pots get covered with small green scales (prothallica), transplant some of the small tufts with a pointed peg into other pots filled with compost and surfaced with sandy soil. Saucers of water beneath the pots should be used to supply moisture." from Black's Gardening Dictionary. Edited by E.T. Ellis. Published by A & C. Black Ltd in 1928. |
Fern (Dipteris conjugata) - I found the flora as we climbed Mount Kinabalu fascinating, observing the change in biota as we rose in elevation into the cloud forest and above was so interesting.. Date: 9 January 2012. By Thomas Brown, via Wikimedia Commons. Dipteris conjugata (Dipteridaceae) Japanese name: Yaburega saurabosi:ヤブレガサウラボシ Dipteris conjugata (Dipteridaceae) Japanese name: Yaburega saurabosi:ヤブレガサウラボシ |
Dipteris conjugata (Dipteridaceae) Japanese name: Yaburega saurabosi:ヤブレガサウラボシ |
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Elaphoglossum callifolium
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Miscellaneous Ferns Propagation: By division of roots at potting time or by spores in spring. |
Suitable for House Fern.
Stove or Greenhouse evergreen fern found in tropical swamps. It was formerly included in the genus Acrostichum. Use within pot in Heated Conservatory |
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Elaphoglossum crinitum West Indies |
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4-18 x |
Miscellaneous Ferns Propagation: By division of roots at potting time or by spores in spring. |
Suitable for House Fern.
Stove evergreen fern found in tropical swamps. It was formerly included in the genus Acrostichum. Use within pot in Heated Conservatory |
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Elaphoglossum crinitum - from Jardin des serres d'Auteuil. Date: 14 May 2016. By Jungle Rebel from Brussels, Belgium, via Wikimedia Commons. Elaphoglossum crinitum - Botanical specimen in Wilhelma Zoo - Stuttgart, Germany. Date: 5 December 2015. By Daderot, via Wikimedia Commons. |
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Equisetum scirpoides |
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Miscellaneous Ferns Propagation: By division of rootstocks in March or April. |
Suitable for
Horsetail, Fox-tailed Asparagus. Hardy deciduous herbaceous perennials. Leaves, green, narrow, rush-like. |
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Fig. 99. Equisetum scirpoides from the second edition of An Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions (New York, 1913). By Nathaniel Lord Britton & Addison Brown, via Wikimedia Commons. Equisetum scirpoides. Date 21 July 2014. By Krzysztof Ziarnek, Kenraiz, via Wikimedia Commons. |
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Gymnocarpium dryopteris (Polypodium dryopteris ; Aspidium dryopteris ; Carpogymnia dryopteris ; Dryopteris linnaeana ; Lastrea dryopteris) Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Xinjiang [Japan, Korea; Europe, North America]. 欧洲羽节蕨 |
Rhizomes slender, creeping, black, shiny, apex clothed with brown ovate-lanceolate scales. Fronds distant. |
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Miscellaneous Ferns (Acrostichum, Actiniopteris, Anemia, Anogramma, Anopteris, Blotiella, Bolbitis, Christella, Coniogramma, Cryptogramma, Ctenitis, Cyclosorus, Didymochlaena, Dipteris, Elaphoglossum, Equisetum, Gymnocarpium, Llavea, Lonchitis, Lygodium, Macrothelypteris, Oentrichia, Oleandra, Onoclea, Onychium, Oreopteris, Parathelypteris, Phegopteris, Photinopteris, Pityrogramma, Pneumatopteris, Psilotum, Stenochlaena, Thelypteris, Vittaria) Propagation: See instructions on right |
Suitable for
Stove, Greenhouse, Hardy Fern. |
Damp areas in coniferous forests; 300-2900 m. |
Propagation: For those without propagation by spores instructions; the following is suitable: "Keep a close eye upon the fronds, and when the spore cases begin to turn brown remove a frond or portions of it, and wrap them up in white paper, putting them in a closed box for a few days, when an abundance of spores for sowing will be available. Fill some pots with good loam, to within an inch (2.5 cms) of the top, using to drainage, and surface this with some finely broken and dusty crocks or bricks. Give a thorough watering, and when this has soaked away sow the spores as thinly as possible. Stand each pot in a saucer of water, cover it in a case or under a bell-glass where light is available, but where there is no direct sunshine. When the pots get covered with small green scales (prothallica), transplant some of the small tufts with a pointed peg into other pots filled with compost and surfaced with sandy soil. Saucers of water beneath the pots should be used to supply moisture." from Black's Gardening Dictionary. Edited by E.T. Ellis. Published by A & C. Black Ltd in 1928. |
Gymnocarpium dryopteris - Common Oak Fern, Northern Oak Fern. Date: 17 August 2009. By Walter Siegmund, via Wikimedia Commons. Gymnocarpium dryopteris 2. Date 14 June 2004. By Superior National Forest, via Wikimedia Commons. |
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If you grow and sell ferns in any country, please tell me so that I can put them on this website and inform others where they can be bought online via mail-order. If you would provide photos and fern details to be only used by me on this website, they would be gratefully received, since I could assume that the photo was a valid one in regard to its name of fern in its filename to that fern in the photo. |
Site design and content copyright ©January 2009. DISCLAIMER: Links to external sites are provided as a courtesy to visitors. Ivydene Horticultural Services are not responsible for the content and/or quality of external web sites linked from this site. |
Fern Grower's Manual by Barbara Joe Hoshizaki & Robbin C. Moran. Revised and Expanded Edition. Published in 2001 by Timber Press, Inc. Reprinted 2002, 2006. ISBN-13:978-0-88192-495-4. |
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USE OF FERN WITH PHOTOS
using information from Fern Grower's Manual by Barbara Joe Hoshizaki & Robbin C. Moran and
The Encyclopaedia of Ferns An Introduction to Ferns, their Structure, Biology, Economic Importance, Cultivation and Propagation by David L. Jones ISBN 0 88192 054 1
Outdoor Use in
Northeastern United States Zones 3-6
Southeastern United States Zones 6-8
Southern Florida and Hawaii Zones 10-11
Central United States Zones 3-6
Northwestern United States Zones 5-8 with some Zone 9
Southwestern United States Zones 6-9
Coastal Central and Southern California Zones 9-10
Accent
Aquatic 1, 2
Basket 1,
Ferns for Hanging Baskets 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Ferns for Hanging Baskets with Pendulous Fronds or weeping Growth Habit 7, 8
Bog or Wet-Soil 1,
Ferns for Wet Soils 2, 3
Border and Foundation 1, 2
Grow in Coastal Region
Cold-hardy Ferns 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Colour in Fern Fronds 1, 2, 3, 4
Conservatory (Stove House) or Heated Greenhouse 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Drier Soil 1, 2, 3, 4
Grows on Rock (epilithic) 1, 2
Borne on Leaf (epiphyllous) 1, 2
Grows on another Plant (epiphyte) 1, 2
Evergreen and Deciduous
Fronds in Floral Decorations
Ferns for Acid Soil 1,
Lime-hating (Calcifluges) 2, 3, 4, 5
Ferns for Basic or Limestone Soil 1,
Ferns Found on Limestone or Basic Soils (Calciphiles) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Ferns for Ground Cover 1,
Ground Cover Ferns 2, 3, 4, 5
Ferns of the Atlantic Fringe with associated plants (1 - Atlantic Cliff-top Grassland, Ledges and Rough Slopes; 2 - Clay Coasts and Dunes of South-East Ireland; 3 - Limestones of Western Atlantic Coasts; 4 - Hebridean Machair; 5 - Horsetail Flushes, Ditches and Stream Margins; 6 - Water Margin Osmunda Habitats; 7 - Western, Low-lying, Wet, Acid Woodlands; 8 - Western, Oak and Oak-Birch Woodlands and Ravines, in the UK and Ireland)
Ferns in Coastal District with associated plants (Hard Rock Cliffs, Soft Rock Cliffs, Clay Coasts, or Coastal Sand-Dunes in the UK)
Ferns of Grasslands and Rock Outcrops (Grasslands; Rocks, Quarries and Mines in the UK)
Ferns of Heath and Moorland with associated plants (1 - Bracken Heath; 2 - Ferns of Moist Heathland Slopes and Margins of Rills and Streams; 3 - Heathland Horsetails, 4 - Heathland Clubmosses, in the UK)
Ferns of Lower Mountain Habitats with associated plants (1 - Upland Slopes and Screes; 2 - Base-rich, Upland Springs and Flushes; 3 - Base-rich, Upland, Streamside Sands and Gravels; 4 - Juniper Shrub Woodland, in the UK)
Ferns for Man-Made Landscapes with associated plants (South-western Hedgebanks, Hedgerows and Ditches, Walls and Stonework, Water Mills and Wells, Lime Kilns and abandoned Lime-Workings, Pit heaps and Shale Bings, Canals, Railways and Their Environs in the UK)
Ferns of Upper Mountain Habitats with associated plants (1 - High Mountain, Basic Cliffs and Ledges; 2 - High, Cliff Gullies; 3 - High Mountain Corries, Snow Patches and Fern beds; 4 - Ridges, Plateaux and High Summits, in the UK)
Ferns for Wetlands with associated plants (1- Ponds, Flooded Mineral Workings and Wet Heathland Hollows; 2 - Lakes and Reservoirs; 3 - Fens; 4 - Ferns of the Norfolk Broads' Fens; 5 - Willow Epiphytes in the UK)
Ferns in Woodland with associated plants (1 - Dry, Lowland, Deciduous Woodland; 2 - Inland, Limestone, Valley Woodland; 3 - Base-rich Clay, Valley Woodland; 4 - Basic, Spring-fed Woodland; 5 - Ravine Woodland on Mixed Rock-types; 6 - Native Pine Forest in the UK)
Ferns in Hedges or Hedgebanks
Outdoor Containers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Rapidly Growing Fern 1, 2
Resurrection Fern
Rock Garden and Wall Ferns 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Shade Tolerant 1, 2, 3, 4
Slowly Growing Fern
Sun Tolerant 1, 2, 3, 4
House Fern in Trough Garden 1,
Fern Suitable for
Indoor Decoration 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
House Fern in Terrarium, Wardian Case or
Bottle Garden 1,
Ferns suitable for Terrariums, Wardian Cases 2, 3, 4,
5, 6
Grow in Woodlands 1, 2, 3, 4
TYPE OF FERN TO GROW WITH PHOTOS
using information from
Fern Grower's Manual by Barbara Joe Hoshizaki & Robbin C. Moran and
The Encyclopaedia of Ferns An Introduction to Ferns, their Structure, Biology, Economic Importance, Cultivation and Propagation by David L. Jones ISBN 0 88192 054 1
Aquatic Ferns (Azolla, Ceratopteris, Marsilea, Pilularia, Regnellidium, Salvinia)
Boston ferns (Nephrolepis exaltata), Fishbone ferns (Nephrolepis cordifolia), Lace ferns and Sword ferns
Cloak, Lip, Hand Ferns and their Hardy Relatives (Bommeria, Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Gymnopteris, Hemionitis, Notholaena, Paraceterach, Pellae, Pleurosorus, Quercifilix) 1,
2, 3
Davallia Ferns (Araiostegia, Davallia, Davallodes, Gymno-grammitis, Humata, Leucostegia, Scyphularia, Trogostolon) 1, 2
Fern Allies (Psilotums or Whisk Ferns, Lycopodiums or Ground Pines, Selaginellas or Spike Mosses, and Equisetums, Horsetails or Scouring Rushes) 1, 2
Filmy and Crepe Ferns (Hymenophyllum, Trichomanes, Leptopteris) 1, 2
Lacy Ground Ferns (Culcita, Dennstaedtia, Histiopteris, Hypolepis, Leptolepia, Microlepia, Paesia, Pteridium) 1, 2
Lady Ferns and Their Allies (Allantodia, Athyrium, Diplazium, Lunathyrium, Pseudo-cystopteris, Callipteris, Cornopteris, Cystopteris) 1, 2
Maidenhair Ferns (Adiantum) 1, 2
Miscellaneous Ferns (Acrostichum, Actiniopteris, Anemia, Anogramma, Anopteris, Blotiella, Bolbitis, Christella, Coniogramma, Cryptogramma, Ctenitis, Cyclosorus, Didymochlaena, Dipteris, Elaphoglossum, Equisetum, Gymnocarpium, Llavea, Lonchitis, Lygodium, Macrothelypteris, Oeontrichia, Oleandra, Onoclea, Onychium, Oreopteris, Parathelypteris, Phegopteris, Photinopteris, Pityrogramma, Pneumatopteris, Psilotum, Stenochlaena, Thelypteris, Vittaria)
1, 2, 3, 4 including Fern Allies of Equisetum and Psilotum or Whisk Ferns
Polypodium Ferns and Relatives (Anarthropteris, Belvisia, Campyloneurum, Colysis, Crypsinus, Dictymia, Gonphlebium, Lecanopteris, Lemmaphyllum, Lexogramme, Microgramma, Microsorum, Niphidium, Phlebodium, Phymatosurus, Pleopeltis, Polypodium, Pyrrosia, Selliguea) 1, 2, 3
Primitive Ferns and Fern Oddities (Angiopteris, Botrychium, Christensenia, Danaea, Helminthostachys, Marattia, Ophioglossum, Osmunda and Todea)
Scrambling, Umbrella, Coral and Pouch Ferns (Dicranopteris, Diploptergium, Gleichenia, Sticherus)
Shield, Buckler, Holly Ferns and their Relatives (Arachniodes, Cyrtomium, Dryopteris, Lastreopsis, Matteuccia, Polystichum, Rumohra, Tectaria and Woodsia) 1, 2, 3, 4
Spleenworts Ferns (Asplenium) 1, 2, 3
Staghorns, Elkhorns and other large epiphytes (Aglaomorpha, Drynaria, Merinthosorus, Platycerium, Pseudodrynaria) 1, 2
Fern Allies - Tassel Ferns and Clubmosses (Lycopodium)
The Brakes (Pteris) 1, 2
Tree Ferns (Cibotium, Cnemidaria, Cyathea, Dicksonia, Nephelea and Trichipteris) 1, 2
Water, Hard, Rasp and Chain Ferns (Blechnum, Doodia, Woodwardia, Sadleria) 1, 2
Xerophytic Ferns (Actinopteris, Astrolepis, Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Notholaena, Pellaea, Pityrogramma) 1, 2
Topic
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STAGE 4C CULTIVATION, POSITION, USE GALLERY
Cultivation Requirements of Plant |
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Outdoor / Garden Cultivation |
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Indoor / House Cultivation |
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Cool Greenhouse (and Alpine House) Cultivation with artificial heating in the Winter |
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Conservatory Cultivation with heating throughout the year |
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Stovehouse Cultivation with heating throughout the year for Tropical Plants |
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Sun Aspect |
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Soil Type |
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Soil Moisture |
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Position for Plant |
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Ground Cover 0-24 inches (0-60 cms) |
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Ground Cover 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) |
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Ground Cover Over 72 inches (180 cms) |
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1, 2, |
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Use of Plant |
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STAGE 4D Plant Foliage |
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Flower Shape |
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Number of Flower Petals |
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Flower Shape - Simple |
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Flower Shape - Elaborated |
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Natural Arrangements |
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STAGE 4D |
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Form |
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STAGE 1
Fragrant Plants adds the use of another of your 5 senses in your garden:- |
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STAGE 2 Fan-trained Shape From Rhododendrons, boxwood, azaleas, clematis, novelties, bay trees, hardy plants, evergreens : novelties bulbs, cannas novelties, palms, araucarias, ferns, vines, orchids, flowering shrubs, ornamental grasses and trees book, via Wikimedia Commons |
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Ramblers Scramblers & Twiners by Michael Jefferson-Brown (ISBN 0 - 7153 - 0942 - 0) describes how to choose, plant and nurture over 500 high-performance climbing plants and wall shrubs, so that more can be made of your garden if you think not just laterally on the ground but use the vertical support structures including the house as well. The Gardener's Illustrated Encyclopedia of Climbers & Wall Shrubs - A Guide to more than 2000 varieties including Roses, Clematis and Fruit Trees by Brian Davis. (ISBN 0-670-82929-3) provides the lists for 'Choosing the right Shrub or Climber' together with Average Height and Spread after 5 years, 10 years and 20 years. |
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STAGE 2
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STAGE 4D Trees and Shrubs suitable for Clay Soils (neutral to slightly acid) Trees and Shrubs suitable for Dry Acid Soils Trees and Shrubs suitable for Shallow Soil over Chalk Trees and Shrubs tolerant of both extreme Acidity and Alkalinity Trees and Shrubs suitable for Damp Sites Trees and Shrubs suitable for Industrial Areas Trees and Shrubs suitable for Cold Exposed Areas Trees and Shrubs suitable for Seaside Areas Shrubs suitable for Heavy Shade Shrubs and Climbers suitable for NORTH- and EAST-facing Walls Shrubs suitable for Ground Cover Trees and Shrubs of Upright or Fastigiate Habit Trees and Shrubs with Ornamental Bark or Twigs Trees and Shrubs with Bold Foliage Trees and Shrubs for Autumn Colour Trees and Shrubs with Red or Purple Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Golden or Yellow Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Grey or Silver Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Variegated Foliage Trees and Shrubs bearing Ornamental Fruit Trees and Shrubs with Fragrant or Scented Flowers Trees and Shrubs with Aromatic Foliage Flowering Trees and Shrubs for Every Month:- |
Use of Fern
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Use of Fern
See
If you grow and sell ferns, please tell me so that I can put them on this website and inform others where they can be bought online via mail-order. The remarkable sex life of ferns:-
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