Abstract
An updated checklist of the benthic marine algae (seaweeds) of the Northern Arabian Sea coast of the Sultanate of Oman is presented, with a total of 402 taxa, consisting of 75 taxa of brown algae (Phaeophyceae), 238 taxa of red algae (Rhodophyta), and 89 taxa of green algae (Chlorophyta). Obsolete names and taxonomic synonyms as well as information on mis-identified names are provided. The classification in many instances reflects new ideas derived from the results of molecular-based phylogenetics. A total of 18 taxa of benthic marine algae are newly reported for Oman.
About the author
Michael J. Wynne is Professor Emeritus at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, and Curator of Algae, Emeritus, in the University of Michigan Herbarium. His research interests have centered mostly on marine red algae. His book The red algal families Delesseriaceae and Sarcomeniaceae was published in 2014. He has produced periodic revisions of his A checklist of benthic marine algae of the tropical and subtropical Western Atlantic, including the fourth revision in 2017.
Acknowledgments
The author is grateful for funding by a British Government Darwin Initiative Grant “Collection and Cataloguing Macroalgae for the Oman Natural History Museum, Ministry of Heritage and Culture”. The project was managed by HTS Development Ltd, UK, working with The Oman Natural History Museum, supported by The Herbarium of the University of Michigan, USA, The Natural History Museum, UK, and the Marine Laboratories of the Directorate General of Agriculture, Animal and Fisheries Resources, Government of Dhofar. I also thank Mr. Glenn Richards, Mrs. Gianna Minton, Mr. Tim Collins, and Dr. Henry Ford for their help in making the collections.
References
Anon. 1975. Seaweed Program. In: Marine Resources Development Program for the Sultanate of Oman. Chapter 3, Final Report Book II, Vol. 1. Presented by Mardela International Ltd., in association with Del Monte International and FMC International. pp. 136.Search in Google Scholar
Anon. 1988. Ecological studies of Southern Oman kelp communities summary report. Kuwait. Regional Organization for the Protection of the Marine Environment. pp. [iv]+ii+46. Safat, Kuwait.Search in Google Scholar
Barratt, L., R.F.G. Ormond, A. Campbell, S. Hiscock, P. Hogarth and J. Taylor. 1984. Ecological study of rocky shores on the south coast of Oman. Report of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources to the United Nations Environment Programme. Geneva. pp. 102.Search in Google Scholar
Barratt, L., R.F.G. Ormond and T.J. Wrathall. 1986. Ecological studies of southern Oman kelp communities. Part 1. Ecology and productivity of the sublittoral algae Ecklonia radiata and Sargassopsis zanardinii. Tropical Marine Research Unit, University of York and Council for Conservation of the Environment and Water Resources, Muscat. pp. [xii]+109+iv.Search in Google Scholar
Beardall, J., S. Beer and J.A. Raven. 1998. Biodiversity of marine plants in an era of climate change: some predictions based on physiological performance. Bot. Mar. 41: 113–123.10.1515/botm.1998.41.1-6.113Search in Google Scholar
Børgesen, F. 1934. Some marine algae from the northern part of the Arabian Sea with remarks on their geographical distribution. K. Danske Videnskab. Selskab, Biol. Meddel. 11: 1–72, 2 pls.Search in Google Scholar
Cassano, V., Y. Metti, A.J.K. Millar, M.C. Gil-Rodriguez, A. Senties, J. Diaz-Larrea, M.C. Oliveira and M.T. Fujii. 2012. Redefining the taxonomic status of Laurencia dendroidea (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) from Brazil and the Canary Islands. Eur. J. Phycol. 47: 67–81.10.1080/09670262.2011.647334Search in Google Scholar
Cordero, P.A., Jr. 1993. The marine vegetation of Muscat area, Sultanate of Oman. In: (H. Calumpong and E. Meñez, eds) Proceedings of the 2nd Republic of the Philippines-USA Phycology Symposium Workshop, January 1992. Philippine Council for Aquatic and Marine Research and Development, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines. pp. 31–42.Search in Google Scholar
De Clerck, O. 2003. The genus Dictyota in the Indian Ocean. Opera Botanica Belgica 13: 1–205.Search in Google Scholar
De Clerck, O., F. Leliaert, H, Verbruggen, C.E. Lane, J.C. De Paula, D.I. Payo and E. Coppejans. 2006. A revised classification of the Dictyoteae (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae) based onrbcL and 26S ribosomal DNA sequence data analyses. J. Phycol. 42: 1271–1288.10.1111/j.1529-8817.2006.00279.xSearch in Google Scholar
De Clerck, O., H. Verbruggen, J. Huisman, E.J. Faye, F. Leliaert, T. Schils and E. Coppejans. 2008. Systematics and biogeography of the genus Pseudocodium (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta), including the description of P. natalense sp. nov. from South Africa. Phycologia 47: 225–235.10.2216/07-79.1Search in Google Scholar
de Jesus, P.B., F. Nauer, G. de M. Lyra, V. Cassano, M.C. Oliveira, J.M. de C. Nunes and A.S. Schnadelbach. 2016. Species-delimitation and phylogenetic analyses of some cosmopolitan species of Hypnea (Rhodophyta) reveal synonyms and misapplied names to H. cervicornis, including a new species from Brazil. J. Phycol. 52: 774–792.10.1111/jpy.12436Search in Google Scholar
Denizot, M. 1968. Les algues Floridees encroutantes (à l’exclusion des Corallinacées). Laboratoire de Cryptogamie, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris. pp. 310.Search in Google Scholar
Díaz-Tapia, P., L. McIvor, D.W. Freshwater, H. Verbruggen, M.J. Wynne and C.A. Maggs. 2017. The genera Melanothamnus Bornet & Falkenberg and Vertebrata S.F. Gray constitute well-defined clades of the red algal tribe Polysiphonieae (Rhodomelaceae, Ceramiales). Eur. J. Phycol. 52: 1–20.10.1080/09670262.2016.1256436Search in Google Scholar
Filloramo, G.V. and G.W. Saunders. 2016. Application of multigene phylogenetics and site-stripping to resolve intraordinal relationships in the Rhodymeniales (Rhodophyta). J. Phycol. 52: 339–355.10.1111/jpy.12418Search in Google Scholar
Guiry, M.D. and G.M. Guiry. 2018. AlgaeBase; world-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://algaebase.org; searched on 20 March 2018.Search in Google Scholar
Hoffman, R., M.J. Wynne, T. Schils, J. Lopez-Bautista and H. Verbruggen. 2017. [“2018”] Codium pulvinatum (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta), a new species from the Arabian Sea, recently introduced into the Mediterranean Sea. Phycologia 57: 79–89.10.2216/17-74.1Search in Google Scholar
Jupp, B.P. 2002. Guidebook to the seaweeds of the Sultanate of Oman. Marine Sciences & Fisheries Center, Ministry of Agriculture & Fisheries. Mazoon Printing Press, Muscat. pp. 152.Search in Google Scholar
Jupp, B.P., M.J. Durako, W.J. Kenworthy, G.W. Thayer and L. Schillak. 1996. Distribution, abundance, and species composition of seagrasses at several sites in Oman. Aquat. Bot. 53: 199–213.10.1016/0304-3770(96)01023-6Search in Google Scholar
Kjellman, F.R. 1897. Marina Chlorophyceer från Japan. Bihang til Kong. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. 23 (Afd. III, 11). 44 pp., 7 pls.Search in Google Scholar
Lee, K.M., S.M. Boo, J.M. Kain (Jones) and A.R. Sherwood. 2013. Cryptic diversity and biogeography of the widespread brown alga Colpomenia sinuosa (Ectocarpales, Phaeophyeae). Bot. Mar. 56: 15–25.10.1515/bot-2012-0211Search in Google Scholar
Leliaert, F. and E. Coppejans. 2006. A revision of Cladophoropsis Børgesen (Siphonocladales, Chlorophyta). Phycologia45: 657–679.10.2216/06-07.1Search in Google Scholar
Leliaert, F., C. Boedeker, V. Peña, F. Bunker, H. Verbruggen and O. De Clerck. 2009. Cladophora rhodolithicola sp. nov. (Cladophorales, Chlorophyta), a diminutive species from European maerl beds. Eur. J. Phycol. 44: 155–169.10.1080/09670260802573113Search in Google Scholar
Liu, S.-L. and W.-L. Wang. 2009. Molecular systematics of the genus Actinotrichia (Galaxauraceae, Rhodophyta) from Taiwan, with a description of Actinotrichia taiwanica sp. nov. Eur. J. Phycol.44: 89–105.10.1080/09670260802348607Search in Google Scholar
Millar, A.J.K. and W.F. Prud’homme van Reine. 2005. Marine benthic macroalgae collected by Vieillard from New Caledonia and described as new species by Kützing. Phycologia44: 536–549.10.2216/0031-8884(2005)44[536:MBMCBV]2.0.CO;2Search in Google Scholar
Newton, L.M. 1953. Marine algae. In:The John Murray Expedition 1933–34 scientific reports. Vol. 9. British Museum (Natural History), London. pp. 395–420, 4 pls.Search in Google Scholar
Nizamuddin, M. and A.C. Campbell. 1995. Glossophorella, a new genus of the family Dictyotaceae (Dictyotales-Phaeophyta) and its ecology from the coast of the Sultanate of Oman. Pak. J. Bot. 27: 257–262.Search in Google Scholar
Nizamuddin, M., S. Hiscock, L. Barratt and R.F.G. Ormond. 1993. The occurrence and morphology of Sargassopsis gen. nov. (Phaeophyta, Fucales) in southern Oman. Bot. Mar. 36: 109–121.10.1515/botm.1993.36.2.109Search in Google Scholar
Okamura, K. 1913. Icones of Japanese algae. Vol. III (No. 1), pls. 101–105, Published by the author, Tokyo.Search in Google Scholar
Ormond, R.F.G. and S.A. Banaimoon. 1994. Ecology of intertidal macroalgal assemblages on the Hadramout coast of southern Yemen, an area of seasonal upwelling. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 105: 105–120.10.3354/meps105105Search in Google Scholar
Provoost, P. 2004. Taxonomie en biogeografie van wiergemeenschappen in het opwellingsgebied rond Dhofar, Oman. Licentiate in Biologie, University Gent. pp. 115.Search in Google Scholar
Reinbold, T. 1905. Einige neue Chlorophyceen aus dem Ind. Ozean (Niederl. Indien), gesammelt von A. Weber-van Bosse. Nuova Notarisia 16: 145–149.Search in Google Scholar
Richards, G. and M.J. Wynne. 2003. Macroalgal Biodiversity of Oman. Produced by HTS Development Ltd. In association with: The Oman Natural History Museum, Ministry of Heritage and Culture; The Natural History Museum, UK; The Herbarium of the University of Michigan. Funded by the Darwin Initiative. pp. iii+57.Search in Google Scholar
Rodríguez-Prieto, C., S.-M. Lin, W. Nelson and M.H. Hommersand. 2011. Developmental morphology of Sarcodia montagneana and S. grandifolia from New Zealand and a phylogeny of Sarcodia (Sarcodiaceae, Rhodophyta) based on rbcL sequence analysis. Eur. J. Phycol. 46: 153–170.10.1080/09670262.2011.580198Search in Google Scholar
Rodríguez-Prieto, C., O. De Clerck, T. Kitayama and S.-M. Lin. 2016. Systematic revision of the widespread species Sarcodia ceylanica (Sarcodiaceae, Rhodophyta) in the Indo-Pacific Oceans, including S. sulae sp. nov. Phycologia 56: 63–76.10.2216/16-31Search in Google Scholar
Saifullah, S.M. and M. Nizamuddin. 1977. Studies on the marine algae from Pakistan: Ulvalves. Bot. Mar. 20: 521–535.10.1515/botm.1977.20.8.521Search in Google Scholar
Savidge, G., J. Lennon and A.J. Matthews. 1990. A shore-based survey of upwelling along the coast of Dhofar region, southern Oman. Cont. Shelf Res. 10: 259–275.10.1016/0278-4343(90)90022-ESearch in Google Scholar
Schils, T. and E. Coppejans. 2002. Gelatinous red algae of the Arabian Sea, including Platoma heteromorphum sp. nov. (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta). Phycologia 41: 254–267.10.2216/i0031-8884-41-3-254.1Search in Google Scholar
Schils, T. and E. Coppejans. 2003. Phytogeography of upwelling areas in the Arabian Sea. J. Biogeogr. 30: 1339–1356.10.1046/j.1365-2699.2003.00933.xSearch in Google Scholar
Schils, T. and S.C. Wilson. 2006. Temperature threshold as a biogeographic barrier in northern Indian Ocean macroalgae. J. Phycol. 42: 749–756.10.1111/j.1529-8817.2006.00242.xSearch in Google Scholar
Schils, T., O. De Clerck and E. Coppejans. 2003. The red algal genus Reticulocaulis from the Arabian Sea, including R. obpyriformis sp. nov., with comments on the family Naccariaceae. Phycologia 42: 44–55.10.2216/i0031-8884-42-1-44.1Search in Google Scholar
Schneider, C.W., E.N. Cianciola, T.R. Popolizio, D.S. Spagnuolo and C.E. Lane. 2015. A molecular–assisted alpha taxonomic study of the genus Centroceras (Ceramiaceae, Rhodophyta) in Bermuda reveals two novel species. Algae 30: 15–33.10.4490/algae.2015.30.1.015Search in Google Scholar
Shameel, M. 1999. Melanothamnus afaqhusainii, a new red alga from the coast of Karachi. Pak. J. Bot. 31: 211–214.Search in Google Scholar
Silva, P.C., P.W. Basson and R.L. Moe. 1996. Catalogue of the benthic marine algae of the Indian Ocean. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 79. pp. xiv+1259.Search in Google Scholar
Steen, F., C. Vieira, F. Leliaert, C. Payri and O. De Clerck. 2015. Biogeographic affinities of Dictyotales from Madagascar: a phylogenetic approach. Cryptogam. Algol. 36: 129–141.10.7872/crya.v36.iss2.2015.129Search in Google Scholar
Stirn, J., G. Bressan, L.A. Ghiardelli and L. Babbini. 2000. Calcareous structures built by the coralline alga Pneophyllum confervicola (Kützing) Y. Chamberlain (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) in a marine cave in the Gulf of Oman. Annales Ser. Historia Naturalis 10: 219–226.Search in Google Scholar
Sun, Z., T. Hanyuda, P.-E. Lim, J. Tanaka, D.F.E. Gurgel and H. Kawai. 2012. Taxonomic revision of the genus Lobophora (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae) based on morphological evidence and analyses rbcl and cox3 gene sequences. Phycologia 51: 500–512.10.2216/11-85.1Search in Google Scholar
Verbruggen, H., F. Leliaert, C.A. Maggs, S. Shimada, T. Schils, J. Provan, D. Booth, S. Murphy, O. De Clerck, D.S. Littler, M.M. Littler and E. Coppejans. 2007. Species boundaries and phylogenetic relationships within the green algal genus Codium (Bryopsidales) based on plastid DA sequences. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 44: 240–254.10.1016/j.ympev.2007.01.009Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Vieira, C., O. Camacho, M.J. Wynne, L. Mattio, R.J. Anderson, J.J. Bolton, M. Sansón, S. D’hondt, F. Leliaert, S. Fredericq and C. Payri. 2016. Shedding new light on old algae: matching names and sequences in the brown algal genus Lobophora (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae). Taxon65: 689–707.10.12705/654.1Search in Google Scholar
Wiriyadamrikut, J., M.J. Wynne and S.M. Boo. 2014. Phylogenetic relationships of Dichotomaria (Nemaliales, Rhodophyta) with the proposal of Dichotomaria intermedia (R.C.Y. Chou) comb. nov. Bot. Mar. 57: 27–40.10.1515/bot-2013-0101Search in Google Scholar
Womersley, H.B.S. and D. Sinkora. 1981. Sonderophycus and the type specimen of Peyssonnelia australis (Cryptonemiales, Rhodophyta). Trans. R. Soc. S. Aust. 105: 85–87.Search in Google Scholar
Won, B.Y. 2010. Characterization of Centroceras gasparrinii (Ceramiaceae, Rhodophyta) known as Centroceras clavulatum in Korea. Algae 25: 71–76.10.4490/algae.2010.25.2.071Search in Google Scholar
Won, B.Y., T.O. Cho and S. Fredericq. 2009. Morphological and molecular characterization of species of the genus Centroceras (Ceramiaceae, Ceramiales), including two new species. J. Phycol. 45: 227–250.10.1111/j.1529-8817.2008.00620.xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed
Wynne, M.J. 1998a. Champia gigantea and Lomentaria strumosa (Rhodymeniales): two new red algae from the Sultanate of Oman. Bot. Mar. 41: 571–580.10.1515/botm.1998.41.1-6.571Search in Google Scholar
Wynne, M.J. 1998b. A study of Padina antillarum (Kützing) Piccone and a comparison with P. tetrastromatica Hauck (Dictyotales, Phaeophyta). Cryptogam. Algol. 19: 271–289.Search in Google Scholar
Wynne, M.J. 1999a. Pseudogrinnellia barrattiae gen. et sp. nov., a new member of the red algal family Delesseriaceae from the Sultanate of Oman. Bot. Mar. 42: 37–42.Search in Google Scholar
Wynne, M.J. 1999b. New records of benthic marine algae from the Sultanate of Oman. Contr. Univ. Mich. Herb. 22: 189–208.Search in Google Scholar
Wynne, M.J. 2000. Further connections between the marine algal floras of Japan and the Arabian Sea. Phycol. Res. 48: 211–220.10.1111/j.1440-1835.2000.tb00217.xSearch in Google Scholar
Wynne, M.J. 2001a. Stirnia prolifera gen. et sp. nov. (Rhodymeniales, Rhodophyta) from the Sultanate of Oman. Bot. Mar. 44: 163–169.10.1515/BOT.2001.022Search in Google Scholar
Wynne, M.J. 2001b. New records of benthic marine algae from the Sultanate of Oman, northern Arabian Sea. II. Nova Hedw. 72: 347–374.10.1127/nova.hedwigia/72/2001/347Search in Google Scholar
Wynne, M.J. 2001c. New records of benthic marine algae from the Sultanate of Oman, northern Arabian Sea. III. Contr. Univ. Mich. Herb. 23: 389–406.Search in Google Scholar
Wynne, M.J. 2002a. A description of Plocamium fimbriatum sp. nov. (Plocamiales, Rhodophyta), from the Sultanate of Oman, with a census of currently recognized species in the genus. Nova Hedw. 75: 333–356.10.1127/0029-5035/2002/0075-0333Search in Google Scholar
Wynne, M.J. 2002b. Turbinaria foliosa sp. nov. (Fucales, Phaeophyceae) from the Sultanate of Oman, with a census of currently recognized species in the genus Turbinaria. Phycol. Res. 50: 283–293.10.1046/j.1440-1835.2002.00283.xSearch in Google Scholar
Wynne, M.J. 2003a. Jolyna furcate sp. nov. (Scytosiphonales, Phaeophyceae) from the Sultanate of Oman. Cryptogam. Algol. 24: 51–61.Search in Google Scholar
Wynne, M.J. 2003b. Leveillea major sp. nov. (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) from the Sultanate of Oman. Bot. Mar. 46: 357–365.10.1515/BOT.2003.034Search in Google Scholar
Wynne, M.J. 2003c. Centroceras secundum sp. nov. (Ceramiaceae, Rhodophyta) from the Sultanate of Oman. Nova Hedw. 77: 125–137.10.1127/0029-5035/2003/0077-0125Search in Google Scholar
Wynne, M.J. 2004a. The benthic marine algal flora of the Sultanate of Oman and its biogeographical relationships. Jpn. J. Phycol. 52 Suppl.: 133–136.Search in Google Scholar
Wynne, M.J. 2004b. Myriogloea pedicellata sp. nov. (Chordariaceae, Phaeophyceae) from the Sultanate of Oman, northern Arabian Sea. Cryptogam. Algol. 25: 113–124.Search in Google Scholar
Wynne, M.J. 2005a. Two new species of Bryopsis (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta) from the Sultanate of Oman, with a census of currently recognized species in the genus. Contr. Univ. Mich. Herb. 24: 229–256.Search in Google Scholar
Wynne, M.J. 2005b. Chrysymenia tigillis sp. nov. (Rhodymeniales, Rhodophyta) from the Sultanate of Oman, with a census of currently recognized species in the genus Chrysymenia. Phycol. Res. 53: 215–223.10.1111/j.1440-1835.2005.tb00374.xSearch in Google Scholar
Wynne, M.J. 2006. Corrigendum. [Chrysymenia tigillum M.J. Wynne. proposed for Chrysymenia tigillis M.J. Wynne nom. illeg.] Phycol. Res. 54: 86.Search in Google Scholar
Wynne, M.J. 2011. A checklist of benthic marine algae of the tropical and subtropical western Atlantic: third revision. Nova Hedwigia Beiheft 140. 166 pp.10.4490/algae.2011.26.2.109Search in Google Scholar
Wynne, M.J. 2016. Is Sonderophycus Denizot (1968) valid and legitimate? Notulae Algarum 1: 1–2.Search in Google Scholar
Wynne, M.J. 2017. The reinstatement of Lychaete J. Agardh (Ulvophyceae, Cladophoraceae). Notulae Algarum 31: 1–4.Search in Google Scholar
Wynne, M.J. and B.P. Jupp. 1998. The benthic marine algal flora of the Sultanate of Oman: new records. Bot. Mar. 41: 7–14.10.1515/botm.1998.41.1-6.7Search in Google Scholar
Wynne, M.J. and F. Leliaert. 2001. Pedobesia simplex (Kützing) comb. nov. (Chlorophyta), a new name for P. lamourouxii and its first report from the Indian Ocean. Cryptogam. Algol. 22: 3–14.10.1016/S0181-1568(00)01052-7Search in Google Scholar
Wynne, M.J. and Y. D. S. M. de Jong. 2002. Dipterocladia arabiensis sp. nov. (Dasyaceae, Rhodophyta) from the Sultanate of Oman. Bot. Mar. 45: 77–86.10.1515/BOT.2002.010Search in Google Scholar
Wynne, M.J. and D.W. Freshwater. 2004. Gelidium omanense sp. nov. (Gelidiaceae, Rhodophyta) from the Sultanate of Oman. Bot. Mar. 47: 64–72.10.1515/BOT.2004.007Search in Google Scholar
Wynne, M.J. and C.W. Schneider. 2006. Balliella richardsii sp. nov. (Ceramiaceae, Rhodophyta) from the Sultanate of Oman, northern Arabian Sea. Cryptogam. Algol. 27: 45–52.Search in Google Scholar
Wynne, M.J. and C.W. Schneider. 2008. Colaconema basiramosum sp. nov. (Colaconemataceae, Rhodophyta) from the Sultanate of Oman, northern Arabian Sea. Cryptogam. Algol. 29: 69–80.Search in Google Scholar
Wynne, M.J., D. Serio, M. Cormaci and G. Furnari. 2005. A report on species of Chondrophycus and Laurencia (Rhodomelaceae, Ceramiales) occurring in Dhofar, the Sultanate of Oman. Phycologia 44: 497–509.10.2216/0031-8884(2005)44[497:TSOCAL]2.0.CO;2Search in Google Scholar
©2018 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
