Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-ttngx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-21T06:09:41.133Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Metamorphosis of the Pedunculate Barnacle Capitulum mitella Linnaeus, 1758 (Cirripedia: Scalpelliformes)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 August 2016

Gang Lin  and
Xiaozhen Rao
Gang Lin
Affiliation:
College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
Xiaozhen Rao*
Affiliation:
College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: X. Rao, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China email: xzrao@fjnu.edu.cn
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

In this paper, metamorphosis of laboratory-reared cyprids of the pedunculate cirripede, Capitulum mitella was successfully induced. A timeline and a detailed description of morphological events during metamorphosis were derived from light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy analyses. The metamorphic process of cyprids involves five main events. (1) Triggering of metamorphosis: after 0–6 h of reagent exposure, the epidermis ventral to the compound eyes gradually invaginates. (2) Invagination and separation of epidermis: after 6–36 h, the invagination bypasses the compound eyes, the cypris epidermis separates slightly from the carapace and the nauplius eye gradually migrates ventrally. (3) Formation of juvenile rudiment: after 36–72 h, the metamorphosing specimen shape slightly resembles that of a juvenile. (4) Shedding of thoracopodal exuvium: after 72–96 h, the cyprid finally sheds the thoracopodal exuvium and metamorphoses into a juvenile barnacle. (5) Early development of juvenile barnacle: the juvenile shed the cirrum cuticle for the first, second, third and fourth time at 1.5–2, 1.5–2, 4–5 and 5–6 days, respectively. The newly formed juvenile completely assumes the shape and armature of all shell-plates found in adult barnacle. Rostro-carnal length of the juvenile is 240–260 μm. Tergum, scutum and upper latus are paired, and carina and rostrum are unpaired. Uniform circular depressions are dispersed on the surface of the tergum, scutum and carina. The rostrum and upper latus, which have the shape of small triangle, are not clear. The entire surface of the peduncle is covered with convoluted cuticular ridges. The metamorphosis of C. mitella is similar to that of Lepas.

Keywords

metamorphosisCapitulum mitellacypridpedunculate
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 97 , Issue 8 , December 2017 , pp. 1643 - 1650
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Aldred, N. and Clare, A.S. (2008) The adhesive strategies of cyprids and development of barnacle-resistant marine coatings. Biofouling 24, 351–363.Google Scholar
Anil, A.C., Khandeparker, L., Desai, D.V., Baragi, L.V. and Gaonkar, C.A. (2010) Larval development, sensory mechanisms and physiological adaptations in acorn barnacles with special reference to Balanus amphitrite . Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 392, 89–98.Google Scholar
Borja, A., Muxika, I. and Bald, J. (2006) Protection of the goose barnacle Pollicipes pollicipes, Gmelin, 1790 population: the Gaztelugatxe Marine Reserve (Basque Country, northern Spain). Scientia Marina 70, 235–242.Google Scholar
Clare, A.S. and Matsumura, K. (2000) Nature and perception of barnacle settlement pheromones. Biofouling 15, 57–71.Google Scholar
Daniel, A. (1958) The development and metamorphosis of three species of sessile barnacles. Journal of Madras University 28B, 23–47.Google Scholar
Doochin, H.D. (1951) The morphology of Balanus improvisus Darwin and Balanus amphitriteniveus Darwin during initial attachment and metamorphosis. Bulletin of Marine Science of the Gulf and Caribbean 1, 15–39.Google Scholar
Glenner, H. and Høeg, J.T. (1993) Scanning electron microscopy of metamorphosis of four species of barnacles (Cirripedia, Thoracica, Balanomorpha). Marine Biology 117, 431–438.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glenner, H. and Høeg, J.T. (1998) Fate of the cypris and adult adductor muscles during metamorphosis of Balanus amphitrite . Journal of Crustacean Biology 18, 463–470.Google Scholar
Gohad, N.V., Aldred, N., Orihuela, B., Clare, A.S., Rittschof, D. and Mount, A.S. (2012) Observations on the settlement and cementation of barnacle (Balanus amphitrite) cyprid larvae after artificial exposure to noradrenaline and the locations of adrenergic-like receptors. Biofouling 416–417, 153–161.Google Scholar
Høeg, J.T. (1987) The relation between cypris ultrastructure and metamorphosis in male and female Sacculina carcini (Crustacea, Cirripedia). Zoomorphology 107, 299–311.Google Scholar
Høeg, J.T., Maruzzo, D., Okano, K., Glenner, H. and Chan, B.K.K. (2012) Metamorphosis in balanomorphan, pedunculated and parasitic barnacles: a video based analysis. Integrative and Comparative Biology 52, 337–347.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Høeg, J.T. and Møller, O.S. (2006) When similar beginnings leads to different ends: constraints and diversity in cirripede larval development. Invertebrate Reproduction and Development 49, 125–142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacinto, D., Cruz, T., Silva, T. and Castro, J.J. (2010) Stalked barnacle (Pollicipes pollicipes) harvesting in the Berlengas Nature Reserve, Portugal: temporal variation and validation of logbook data. ICES Journal of Marine Science 67, 19–25.Google Scholar
Khandeparker, L. and Anil, A.C. (2007) Underwater adhesion: the barnacle way. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives 27, 165–172.Google Scholar
Kugele, M. and Yule, A.B. (1996) The larval morphology of Pollicipes pollicipes (Gmelin, 1790) (Cirripedia: Lepadomorpha) with notes on cypris settlement. Scientia Marina 60, 469–480.Google Scholar
Kühl, H. (1950) Überdie Besiedlung metall ischer Oberflächen durch Balanus improvisus Darwin. Zoologischer Anzeiger 145, 461–477.Google Scholar
Lagersson, N. and Høeg, J.T. (2002) Settlement behaviour and antennulary biomechanics in cypris larvae of Balanus amphitrite (Crustacea: Thecostraca: Cirripedia). Marine Biology 141, 513–526.Google Scholar
Lee, C., Shim, J.M. and Kim, C.H. (2000) Larval development of Capitulum mitella (Cirripedia: Pedunculata) reared in the laboratory. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 80, 457–464.Google Scholar
Maréchal, J.P. and Hellio, C. (2011) Antifouling activity against barnacle cypris larvae: do target species matter (Amphibalanus amphitrite versus Semibalanus balanoides)? International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives 65, 92–101.Google Scholar
Maruzzo, D., Conlan, S., Aldred, N., Clare, A.S. and Høeg, J.T. (2011) Video observation of surface exploration in cyprids of Balanus amphitrite: the movements of antennular sensory setae. Biofouling 27, 225–239.Google Scholar
Maruzzo, D., Aldred, N., Clare, A.S. and Høeg, J.T. (2012) Metamorphosis in the Cirripede crustacean Balanus amphitrite . PLoS ONE 7, e37408–e37415.Google Scholar
Rao, X.Z. and Lin, G. (2014) Scanning electron microscopy of the cypris larvae of Capitulum mitella (Cirripedia: Thoracica: Scalpellomorpha). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 94, 361–368.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Takenaka, M., Suzuki, A., Yamamoto, T., Yamamoto, M. and Yoshi da, M. (1993) Remodeling the nauplius eye into the adult ocelli during metamorphosis of the barnacle, Balanus amphitrite hawaiiensis . Development Growth and Differentiation 35, 245–255.Google Scholar
Thiyagarajan, V. (2010) A review on the role of chemical cues in habitat selection by barnacles: new insights from larval proteomics. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 392, 22–36.Google Scholar
Walley, L.J. (1969) Studies on the larval structure and metamorphosis of Balanus balanoides (L.). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B 256, 237–280.Google Scholar

Lin and Rao supplementary material

Lin and Rao supplementary material 1

Download Lin and Rao supplementary material(Video)
Video 893.1 KB

Lin and Rao supplementary material

Lin and Rao supplementary material 2

Download Lin and Rao supplementary material(Video)
Video 2.7 MB

Lin and Rao supplementary material

Lin and Rao supplementary material 3

Download Lin and Rao supplementary material(Video)
Video 4.9 MB

Lin and Rao supplementary material

Lin and Rao supplementary material 4

Download Lin and Rao supplementary material(Video)
Video 17.4 MB

Lin and Rao supplementary material

Lin and Rao supplementary material 5

Download Lin and Rao supplementary material(Video)
Video 2.4 MB

Lin and Rao supplementary material

Lin and Rao supplementary material 6

Download Lin and Rao supplementary material(Video)
Video 2.2 MB