Special Issue for Prof Jacques Forest
TWO NEW SPECIES AND A NEW RECORD OF PERISESARMA
(DECAPODA, BRACHYURA, GRAPSIDAE, SESARMINAE)
FROM INDONESIA
BY
DWI LISTYO RAHAYU 1·3) and PETER J. F. DAVIE2 )
1) Research and Development Center for Oceanology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI),
2)
JI. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol Timur, Jakarta 14430, Indonesia
Queensland Museum, P.O. Box 3300, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia
ABSTRACT
Two new species and a new distributional record of the sesarmine crabs of the genus Perisesarma
are recorded from a mangrove area in southwestern Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Perisesarmaforesti sp. nov.
and P. cricotus sp. nov. can be most easily separated from their congeners by the number, shape, and
ornamentation of the cheliped dactylar tubercles. Perisesarma cricotus is also recorded from Ambon,
eastern Indonesia. Perisesarma semperi (Btirger,. 1894) is a first record for Indonesia and marks a
significant southerly range extension.
Deux especes nouvelles sont decrites et une nouvelle reference geographique des crabes Sesarminae Perisesarma est fournie a partir de specimens recoltes sur Ia cote sud-occidentale de I'Irian
Jaya, Indonesie. Perisesarma foresti sp. nov. et P. cricotus sp. nov. peuvent etre differenciees de
leurs congeneres par le nombre, Ia forme et l'ornementation des tubercules du dactyle du chelipede.
Perisesarma cricotus est aussi signa1e d' Ambon, Indonesie orientale. Perisesarma semperi (Btirger,
1894) est trouve pour 1a premiere fois en lndonesie, indiquant une extension significative de sa
presence vers 1e sud.
INTRODUCTION
De Man (1895) described the subgenus Perisesarma for two new species,
Sesarma (Perisesarma) eumolpe De Man, 1895 and Sesarma (Perisesarma) onychophorum De Man, 1895, and additionally included Sesarma dussumieri A. MilneEdwards, 1853, in the new subgenus. De Man (1888: 175) had earlier included
3) Former address: Timika Environmental Laboratory, PT Freeport Indonesia, P.O. Box 109,
Timika 99910, Irian Jaya, Indonesia.
© Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2002
Also available online: www.brill.nl
Crustaceana 75 (3-4): 597-607
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DWI LISTYO RAHAYU & PETER J. F. DAVIE
S. bidens De Haan, 1833, S. dussumieri A. Milne-Edwards, 1853, S. guttata
A. Milne-Edwards, 1869, S. haswelli De Man, 1887, and S. livida A. MilneEdwards, 1869, in his description of Sesarma "section C", and while failing to
directly attribute them to Perisesarma in his later paper, nevertheless the close relationship of all these species was clearly established. Campbell (1967) included 13
species in his key to this group (then referred to as Sesarma (Chiromanthes)). He
(Campbell, 1967) included all species earlier mentioned by De Man (1888, 1895),
as well as Sesarma semperi Biirger, 1894, Sesarma indiarum Tweedie, 1940, and
four new taxa: Sesarma (Chiromanthes) brevicristatum Campbell, 1967, Sesarma
(C.) darwinensis Campbell, 1967, Sesarma (C.) semperi longicristatum Campbell,
1967, and Sesarma (C.) messa Campbell, 1967.
Chiromanthes Gistel, 1848, was proposed as a replacement name for Pachysoma
DeHaan, 1833, and was long considered the appropriate name for the genus here
called Perisesarma. Holthuis (1977: 170) pointed out that this was the result of the
designation of Grapsus (Pachysoma) bidens DeHaan, 1833, as the type species of
Pachysoma by Rathbun (1918: 284), as this species was not originally included in
Pachysoma by DeHaan (1833). Chiromanthes is the correct available name for the
group previously referred to as Holometopus H. Milne-Edwards, 1853.
The genus Perisesarma in Indonesian waters is represented by P. onychophorum
De Man, 1895 and P. indiarum (Tweedie, 1940). The present paper further records
P. semperi (Btirger, 1894) and describes two new species, P.foresti and P. cricotus
from Irian Jaya and Ambon.
The specimens for this study were collected during the Ecological Risk Assessment Program of the Environmental Department of PT Freeport, Indonesia, in
the mangrove area of Mirnika (04°40'-05°05'S 136°35'-137°20'E), Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Specimens are deposited in the Environmental Department of PT Freeport
Indonesia, Irian Jaya (PTFI); Zoological Museum Bogor (MZB) of the Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Zoological Reference Collection (ZRC) of the Raffles Museum, National University of Singapore, and Queensland Museum (QM),
Brisbane, Australia. Measurements (in mm) given in the text are of the carapace
breadth (measured at the widest point) followed by length, for the biggest and
smallest specimen. G 1 = male first gonopod.
Perisesarma De Man, 1895
Perisesarma De Man, 1895: 208.
Sesarma (Perisesarma): De Man, 1902: 541.- Holthuis, 1977: 170-171.
Sesarma (Chiromanthes): Rathbun, 1909: 22; 1910: 309; 1918: 284.- Tesch, 1917: 235, 255.Campbell, 1967: 2.
Type species. - Sesarma dussumieri A. Milne-Edwards, 1853, designated by
Campbell (1967: 2); not S. bidens (De Haan, 1833) as designated by Rathbun
NEW SPECIES AND RECORD OF PERISESARMA
599
( 1918: 284), as that species was not originally included in Perisesarma by De Man.
Not Sesarma (Perisesarma) eumolpe De Man, 1895, as designated by Holthuis
(1977: 170) as Campbell's (1967) action has priority. Gender neuter.
Perisesarma foresti sp. nov. (figs. 1, 3B, E)
Material: - Holotype male (20.7 x 17.5 mm), Kamora, Mimika, Irian Jaya, Indonesia, coll.
J. Volosin 3/iv/2000 (MZB). Paratypes: 4 males (23.5 x 20.5-10.0 x 8.3 mm), 3 females (23.5 x 19.022.5 x 18.0 mm), Kamora, Mimika, Irian Jaya, Indonesia, coll. G. Setyadi 4/vii/1999 (MZB);
36 males (24.5 x 20.0-7.3 x 5.9 mm), 29 females (19.0 x 15.6-5.7 x 4.6 mm), 9 ovig. females
(18.8 x 15.3-13.1 x 10.4 mm), same locality as preceding, coll. J. Volosin 3/iv/2000 (ZRC, QM).
Other material: 6 males (22.0 x 17.5-13.0 x 10.4 mm), Cargo Dock Portsite, Mimika, Irian Jaya,
Indonesia, coll. G. Setyadi 29/vii/1999 (PTFI); 4 males (20.0 x 16.5-10.4 x 8.2 mm), 2 females
(14.1 x 11.4 and 8.1 x 6.6 mm), same locality as preceding, coll. G. Setyadi 8/xii/1999; 5 males
(23.0 x 19.5-17.6 x 14.4 mm), 2 ovig. females (20.5 x 16.5 and 19.5 x 15.5 mm), Minajerwi,
Mimika, Irian Jaya, Indonesia, coli. G. Setyadi 5/vii/1999; 17 males (19.4 x 16.3-8.9 x 7.3 mm),
1 female (8.7 x7.1 mm), Ajkwa, Mimika, Irian Jaya, Indonesia, coll. G. Setyadi 18/viii/1999; 9 males
(19.1 x 15.8-10.3 x 8.5 mm), 13 females (16.9 x 15.6-6.3 x 5.3 mm), 2 ovig. females (16.0 x 13.1
and 14.2 x 11.5 mm), same locality as preceding, coli. J. Volosin 2/iv/2000.
Comparative material. - Perisesarma brevicristatum (Campbell, 1967), 3 males (10.9 x 9.0,
16.6 x 13.4, 20.4 x 17.0 mm), Murray River, Queensland, Australia, coll. P. Davie, 15/v/78,
determined by P. Davie (QM W 8269).
Perisesarma messa (Campbell, 1967), 1 male, (23.4 x 19.0 mm), Starcke River, N. Queensland,
Australia, 14°471611 S 145°001711 E, coll. P. Davie and J. Short, 12/xi/1992, determined by P. Davie
(QM W 18203).
Perisesarma onychophora (De Man, 1895), 2 males, (20.4 x. 16.1-16.4 x 13.1 mm), Sungei
Sendok, Singapore, coll. C. L. Soh (C.10), 9/i/1966, determined by R. Serene (ZRC 1972.3.6.6).
Etymology. - This species is dedicated to Professor Jacques Forest to honour
his enormous contribution to crustacean systematics.
Description. - Carapace rectangular; greatest width between exorbital angles
c. 1.22 (1.15-1.26) times broader than long. Carapace surface smooth, shining,
punctate; with sparse transverse rows or tufts of minute setae. Front c. 0.54
times carapace width, moderately defiexed, with broad median emargination.
Post-frontal lobes prominent, median lobes broader than laterals, separated by
furrow. Dorsal carapace regions moderately well indicated, with gastric region
most strongly demarcated; lateral branchial ridges prominent. Upper orbital border
smooth, lower orbital border finely granulate. Anterolateral margin with sharp
exorbital angle and single prominent epibranchial tooth; lateral margin slightly
concave, edged with row of short setae.
Chelipeds equal, large, robust. Merus with posterior border minutely granulate;
distinct subdistal spine; lower border granulate; anterior border granulate with
distinct large subdistal spine. Carpus with inner angle not produced, inner margin
granular; inner face with longitudinal row .of minute granules; outer surface finely
600
DWI LISTYO RAHAYU & PETER J. F. DAVIE
e
-b,c
--a
----d,e
Fig. 1. Perisesarma foresti sp. nov., male, holotype (20.7 mm c.b.) (MZB). a, carapace; b, c, right
cheliped; d, male abdomen; e, male first pleopod. Scales: 1 mm.
granular. Upper surface of palm with 2 tranverse pectinated crests. First crest
composed of 11-17 tall, broad teeth (14 and 17 on holotype). Second crest well
developed, shorter than primary, with 5-9 small teeth (5 and 6 on holotype).
Primary and secondary pectinated crests followed by several blunt tubercles; row
of granules proximal to second crest. Upper margin of palm with strong blunt
tubercles. Outer surface of palm granular, with indistinct median longitudinal
ridge, naked except for tuft of short setae in front of first pectinated crest;
inner surface of palm with smaller granules. Distal two-thirds of surface of fixed
finger almost smooth or very scarcely granular, cutting edge of both fingers with
NEW SPECIES AND RECORD OF PERISESARMA
601
smaller and larger, triangular teeth; length of cutting edge 0.45 times length of
propodus; ventral border of chela concave at base of fixed finger, minutely granular.
Dorsal surface of dactyl bearing 11-12 low tubercles; first 3 tubercles small and
oval, followed by more rounded tubercles, larger and well separated. First to
ninth tubercles distinct, becoming progressively smaller and almost indiscernible
towards tip; each tubercle finely striated longitudinally with shallow, indistinct
median groove. Row of sharp, distinct tubercles on proximal two-thirds of inner
edge of dorsal surface. Fingers with tips chitinous, intermeshing; adult males with
wide gape left when fingers closed.
Second pair of walking legs longest, c. 1. 7 times carapace width. Merus of third
leg twice as long as wide; carpus twice as long as wide, propodus c. 2.75 times as
long as wide, dactyl c. 0.9 times length of propodus.
Male abdomen with telson as long as broad at base, evenly rounded, as long as
preceding somite; penultimate somite twice as long as wide. Second somite with
median length as long as or very slightly longer than lateral edge. G 1 relatively
slender, moderately curved; apical process bent, strongly produced, corneous.
Setae long, simple, originating at base of apical process and on palp.
Female with chelipeds smaller; dactyl slightly curved. Row of sharp, distinct
tubercles on proximal two-thirds of inner edge of dorsal surface of dactyl more
prominent than dactylar tubercles.
Colour. -Carapace black or dark brown with yellowish-green marking. Ocular
peduncles orange with brown spot, corneas black. Front and epistome yellowishgreen. Pterygostomial region black or dark purple, gradually lighter purple on
branchiostegal region; suborbital region light blue. Ischium of maxilliped light
blue; merus dark brown to dark purple. Merus of cheliped brown to dark red,
carpus bright to dark red; palm bright red with dark red on upper margin and
_lighter red on lower margin; dactyl bright red. First, second, and third somites
of abdomen purple; fourth, fifth, and sixth somites brownish-white; telson white;
thoracic sternites brown to dark brown. Ambulatory legs with merus mottled blue
and purple; carpus, propodus, and dactylus purple; inner surface of merus blue in
small individuals.
Remarks. セ@ Perisesarma foresti sp. nov. is similar to P. brevicristatum (Campred and purbell, 1967) in having 11. dactylar tubercles, and in colouration (dark
,
pie). But P. brevicristatum is easily distinguished by having dactylar tubercles
that are very prominent, subcircular, and dome-shaped, and each having a smooth
raised stripe at right-angles to the axis of the dactyl. P. foresti sp. nov. resembles
P. messa (Campbell, 1967) in having low dactylar tubercles becoming barely discernable distally, but P. messa has 14-16 dactylar tubercles, while P. foresti has
only 11-12 dactylar tubercles that are more prominent. Finally, P. foresti is superficially similar toP. onychophorum (De Man, 1895), in haying the dactylus of
602
DWI LISTYO RAHAYU & PETER J. F. DAVIE
the adult male cheliped strongly curved, leaving a wide gape between the fingers
when closed. P. onychophorum differs from our new species in possessing only
7-9 dactylar tubercles with the most distal being greatly elongated and occupying
almost one-quarter the length of the dorsal surface of the dactyL
Habitat. - The specimens of the new species were collected on mud or sandy
mud substrates in the estuary or in dense mangrove forest. When disturbed, the
crab took shelter under tree trunks, in shallow burrows, or burrowed into the muddy
bottom of shallow pools.
Perisesarma cricotus sp. nov. (figs. 2, 3A, C, D)
Material.- Holotype male (16.0 x 13.4 mm), Ajkwa, Mimika, Irian Jay a, Indonesia, 31/iii/2000
(MZB). Paratypes: 23 males (19.3 x 15.5-8.1 x 6.8 mm), B females (18.3 x 14.5-8.2 x 6.8 mm)
(MZB); 2 males (15.9 x 13.0 and 15.7 x 12.7 mm), 2 females (16.2 x 13.0 and 13.3 x 10.7 mm)
(QM), Ajkwa, Mimika, Irian Jaya, Indonesia, 18/viii/1999; 1 male (15.5 x 12.6 mm), 1 female
(13.2 x 11.0 mm) (QM), Waleila River mouth, Ambon, low tide, coli. R. Serene 22/i:x/1970; 2 males
(15.0 x 12.1 and 13.7 x 11.2 mm), Kamora, Mimika, Irian Jaya, Indonesia, 3/iv/2000 (ZRC).
Other material: 2 males (17.1 x 13.8 and 16.9 x 13.5 mm), Ajkwa, Mimika, lrianJaya, Indonesia,
coli. G. Setyadi 11/i/2000 (PTFI); 1 male (12.0 x 9.6 mm), 1 ovig. female (15.0 x 11.5 mm), Sungai
Tipoeka, Mimika, Irian Jaya, Indonesia, coli. D. L. Rabayu 10/:x/1999 (PTFI); 8 males (18 .6 x 14.512.6 x 9.6 mm), 7 females, (18.0 x 14.5-7.7 x 6.3 mm), 3 ovig. females (18.3 x 15.2 mm), Kamora,
Mimika, Irian Jaya, Indonesia, coiL J. Volosin 3/iv/2000 (PTFI).
Comparative material. - Perisesanna indiarum (Tweedie, 1940) 1 male (24.5 x 20.2 mm),
Labuan, Malaysia, coli. Tweedie, 1950, determination by Tweedie (ZRC 1964 928/25).
Etymology. - The specific name cricotus is latin meaning to furnish with rings,
and refers to the characteristically ringed dorsal dactylar tubercles of the male
chela. It is used as a noun in apposition.
Description. - Carapace rectangular, greatest width between orbital angles
c. 1.22 (1.19-1.26) times broader than long. Carapace surface smooth, shining,
punctate; with sparse transverse rows or tufts of minute setae. Front c. 0.56 times
carapace width, sinuous medially. Median post-frontal lobes prominent, separated
by deep median furrow, broader than laterals; lateral lobes less prominent, separated from medians by shallow furrow. Dorsal carapace regions moderately well
indicated, with gastric region most strongly demarcated; lateral branchial ridges
prominent. Anterolateral margin with large triangular, sharp exorbital angle, epibranchial tooth smaller; lateral margin slightly concave, lined with row of short
setae.
Chelipeds equal, large, robust. Merus with posterior border granulate; distinct
subdistal spine; lower border granulate; anterior border tuberculate with strong,
broad, subdistal spine; outer surface minutely tuberculate. Carpus with inner angle
not produced; inner margin tuberculate, inner surface with longitudinal row of
NEW SPECIES AND RECORD OF PERISESARMA
603
-a,b,c
_ _ ___,e
Fig. 2. Perisesarma cricotus sp. nov., male, holotype (16.0 mm c. b.) (MZB). a, carapace; b, c, right
cheliped; d, male abdomen; e, male first pleopod. Scales: 1 mm.
minute tubercles; outer margin and outer surface minutely tuberculate. Upper
surface of palm with 2 pectinated crests. First pectinated crest composed of 1422 tall teeth (holotype with 16 and 17 teeth). Second crest well developed, almost
as long as first pectinated crest with 9-17 short teeth (holotype with 9 and 12
teeth); .row of blunt tubercles proximal to second crest. Upper margin of palm
with strong blunt tubercles. Outer surface of palm tuberculate, with indistinct
median longitudinal ridge; naked except for tuft of short setae in front of first
pectinated crest; inner surface of palm with scattered smaller tubercles. Distal
two-thirds of surface of fixed finger almost smooth or very scarcely granular with
slight longitudinal ridge ventrally; cutting edge of both fingers with smaller large
604
DWI LISTYO RAHAYU & PETER J. F. DAVIE
Fig. 3. A, C, D, Perisesarma cricotus sp. nov., male paratype (15.7 mm c. b.) (QM); A, dorsal view;
C, outer face of chela; D, distal most dorsal dactylar tubercles; B, E, P. foresti sp. nov.; B, dorsal view
of male paratype (26.1 mm c. b.) (QM); E, outer face of chela of male paratype (20.3 mm c. b.) (QM).
NEW SPECJES AND RECORD OF PERISESARMA
605
triangular teeth; length of cutting edge 0.4 times length of propodus; ventral border
of chelae concave at base of fixed finger, coarsely granular. Dactyl with dorsal
surface bearing 11-12 tubercles, first tubercle small, third and fourth tubercles
largest, decreasing in size distally; all tubercles prominent, subcircular, ringed with
fine circular lines; row of sharp tubercles on proximal two-thirds of inner dorsal
margin. Fingers with tips chitinous, intermeshing; narrow gape left when fingers
closed.
I
Second and third pairs of walking legs longer than first and fourth pairs, c. 1.4
times carapace width. Merus of third leg twice as long as wide; carpus twice as
long as wide, propodus c. 2.9 times longer than wide, dactyl c. 0.75 times length
of propodus.
Male abdomen with telson as long as broad at base, evenly rounded, as long as
preceding somite; penultimate somite twice as long as wide. G 1 relatively slender,
moderately curved; apical process corneous, strongly produced, bent. Setae long,
simple, originating at base of apical process and on palp.
In female, primary pectinated crest on palm lower and less distinct, second
pectinated crest may be reduced to row of tubercles; dactylar tubercles also smaller
but always with fine circular rings.
Colour (recently preserved). - Carapace greenish brown with dark brown
marking; cheliped orange; walking legs with merus light brown with dark brown
marking; carpus, propodus, and dactylus light brown with purple median band.
Remarks. - Perisesanna cricotus bears a very close resemblance to P brevicristatum (Campbell, 1967). However, in P brevicristatum there are 10-11 dactylar tubercles versus 11-12 in P cricotus. Also the dactylar tubercles are higher and
more prominent, more widely spaced, and each is topped with a smooth, sharp,
transverse keel that is lacking in P cricotus. There is perhaps an even greater similarity to Perisesanna indiarum Tweedie, 1950, but in that species the dactylar
tubercles are larger and lower, especially over the proximal third; also each tubercle is crowned with an obvious narrow transverse chiton-like stripe, and this and
the rest of the tubercle are marked by short longitudinal fine lines, not rings as in
P. cricotus.
Habitat. - The specimens were found amongst mangroves, in the same area as
P foresti sp. nov.
Distribution.- Mimika region, Irian Jay a, and Ambon, eastern Indonesia.
Perisesarma semperi (Bi.irger, 1894)
Sesarma semperi Biirger, 1894: 630, pl. 21 fig. I . - Tweedie, 1950: 342, fig. le.
Sesarma (Perisesarma) semperi: De Man, 1902: 542.
Sesarma (Chiromanthes) semperi: Tesch, 1917: 198.
Sesarma (Chiromanthes) semperi semperi: Campbell, 1967: 4 (in key).
606
DWI LISTYO RAHAYU & PETER J. F. DAVIE
Material.- 2 males (11.2 x 8.5 and 8.9 x 7.1 mm), Portsite, Mimika, Irian Jaya, Indonesia, coli.
G. Setyadi 27/vii/1999 (MZB); 2 males (12.8 x 10.3 and 12.2 x 9.8 mm), same locality as preceding,
coli. D. L. Rahayu 20/xii/1999 (ZRC); 25 males (15.3 x 11.5-5.1 x 4.3 mm), 17 females (15.8 x 13.06.2 x 4.9 mm), Ajkwa, Mimika, Irian Jaya, Indonesia, coli. J. Volosin, 21/vi/2000 (PTFI & MZB);
2 males (11.5 x 9.7 and 11.2 x 9.5 mm), 1 female (12.0 x 10.2 mm), same data as preceding (QM).
1
Colour. - Carapace mottled brown and yellowish green or light blue. Pterygostomial region dark brown with blue spot; ischium of maxilliped brown with mesial
part blue; merus blue. Cheliped with merus and carpus dark brown, upper margin
of palm brown; fixed finger and upper surface of propodus red; dactyl yellowish
orange.
Remarks. - The species is readily distinguished from its congeners by having
only seven dactylar tubercles which are circular, prominent, and well spaced.
The specimens were collected from mud substrate in mangroves.
Distribution. -Philippines, Labuan, Malaysia and herein recorded from southwestern Irian J aya, Indonesia.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The first author is grateful to Drs Peter K. L. Ng and Christoph Schubart for their
kind help in the preliminary identification of the new species. We are grateful to
the Zoological Reference Collection (ZRC), National University of Singapore, for
allowing us to examine specimens of Perisesarma indiarum in their care. We are
also pleased to thank Mr. G. Setyadi and Joe Volosin for collecting the specimens.
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First received 11 May 2001.
Final version accepted 25 January 2002.