Thalassas: An International Journal of Marine Sciences
https://doi.org/10.1007/s41208-019-00151-5
New Record of Ariomma brevimanum (Klunzinger, 1884)
(Perciformes: Ariommatidae) from Indian Waters
Subal Kumar Roul 1 & Rajan Kumar 1 & Shikha Rahangdale 1 & Suraj Kumar Pradhan 2 & Sandhya Sukumaran 1 &
Prathibha Rohit 1
Received: 3 February 2019 / Revised: 21 May 2019 /
# Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019
Abstract
Nine specimens (584–670 mm standard length) of Ariomma brevimanum (Klunzinger 1884) were collected from the Cochin
Fishing Harbour (south-eastern Arabian Sea) in 2016. Morphometric and meristic parameters, along with the DNA barcoding
confirmed the identity of the specimens. The majority of the proportional morphometric measurement and meristic counts were
concurrent with the previous description of A. brevimanus: body elongated (depth at first dorsal and second dorsal fin origin was
about 22.8–25.2% and 22.0–22.7% of the standard length respectively); first dorsal fin with XI spine and second dorsal fin with I
spine and 15 rays; anal fin with II spine and 15 rays; pectoral fin with 22–24 rays; scales large, cycloid, thin and deciduous; lateral
line with 52–55 pored scales; pre-dorsal scale patch extending to about the hind margin of the eye; pre-opercular margin angular;
horizontal eye diameter 18–22% of head length; gill rakers, 30–32 on first gill arch. In the present study, the partial sequences of
the mitochondrial COI gene of A. brevimanum were generated. The analysis using the sequences of the COI gene produced a
phylogenetic tree considering the maximum likelihood tree showed distinct clustering among species of Ariomma and revealed
an identical phylogenetic relationship. The present study represents the first record for Indian waters, as well as the south-eastern
Arabian Sea record of this species.
Keywords Ariomma brevimanum . Ariommatidae . Indian waters . DNA barcoding
Introduction
The family Ariommatidae has only one genus Ariomma
Jordan & Snyder, 1904 and 7 valid species (Froese and
Pauly 2018) which is grouped into two types based on the
body shape such as deep and elongated species (Ajiad and
Mahasneh 1986). Ariommatids are characterized by the presence of 2 low lateral keels on each side near caudal-fin base;
large eyes and located centrally; small and terminal mouth, not
protractile, maxilla barely reaching border of eye; teeth absent
from palatines and vomer; two distinct dorsal fins, almost
connected; lateral line on upper half of body, often indistinct,
following dorsal profile but not extending onto caudal peduncle; large, cycloid, thin, very deciduous scales; and six
* Subal Kumar Roul
subalroul@gmail.com
1
ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, P. B. No. 1603,
Ernakulam North P. O., Cochin, Kerala 682 018, India
2
ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education,
Mumbai, Maharashtra 400 061, India
branchiostegal rays (Last 2001). Most of the species in this
group having the elongated type of body are found in large
schools on the continental shelf and continental slope with a
depth range of 750 m in tropical and subtropical Atlantic,
Pacific, and Indian Oceans. They usually feed on small pelagics and are considered as one of the important food fishes
which are mostly captured by trawls (Last 2001). Ariommas
are benthopelagic and oceanodromous in nature and moves in
a large shoal. Some species form minor to moderate fisheries
along different parts of the world. The species have good flesh
and go for fresh consumption. The information regarding the
ecological role of the group is least known and a dedicated
study is required in this domain. Out of seven species of
Ariomma so far described, only one species, the Indian
driftfish Ariomma indicum (Day, 1871) was reported from
Indian waters (Kapoor et al. 2002; Froese and Pauly
352,018). During the routine fishery survey (thrice in a week)
at Cochin Fisheries Harbour, Kerala, a second species of
Ariomma was recorded from Indian waters. The fishes were
identified as Ariomma brevimanum (Klunzinger 1884) which
was earlier reported from the Red Sea, Indonesia to Japan and
Hawaii (Froese and Pauly 2018). In spite of its distribution in
Thalassas
the Indo-Pacific region, their occurrence in Indian waters was
not reported as yet. The present study confirms their occurrence from Indian waters based on morphological and molecular analyses.
Materials and Methods
Sampling
In the present study, a total of nine specimens of Ariomma
brevimanum (Fig. 1a) were observed at Cochin Fisheries
Harbour (09°56′327″N, 76°15′764″E) on 30 September
2016 (Fig. 2). These fishes were caught off Cochin (near to
Lakshadweep Islands) as bycatch in multiday hook and line
fishery. The specimens were brought to the laboratory of
ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Cochin
in iced condition for detailed taxonomic investigation. The
Fig. 1 Ariomma brevimanum
(Klunzinger 1884) (605.0 mm
SL, fresh, Cochin Fisheries
Harbour, Kerala, India): (a) the
whole specimen; (b) pre-dorsal
scale patch extending forward to
hind margin of eye; (c) angular
pre-opercular margin; (d)
Ariomma indicum (Day, 1870)
(90.0 mm SL, fresh, Versova Fish
Landing Centre, Maharashtra,
India)
specimens were identified based on the key given by Last
(2001). The morphometric and meristic characters were
recorded following a standard method (Hubbs and
Lagler 2004) and compared with the information available
about the species in reports published from other parts of
the world (Klunzinger 1884; Ajiad and Mahasneh 1986;
Ho et al. 2013; Bos and Gumanao 2013). The morphometric characters were measured for each specimen with a
digital caliper to the nearest 0.01 mm, and total body
weight (TW) was recorded to the nearest 0.1 g using an
electronic weighing balance. Freshly collected specimens
were used to record the natural color patterns and tones
which are fully or partially lost in preservative. One specimen was fixed in 10% formalin and deposited in the
Marine Biodiversity Referral Museum of ICAR-Central
Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Cochin,
Kerala, India under the Accession Number GB 31.10.2.2
for future reference.
Thalassas
Fig. 2 Distribution of Ariomma
brevimanum (Klunzinger 1884)
in the World Ocean. The blue
circle indicates present record and
orange circles indicate previous
records
DNA Barcoding
Genomic DNA was extracted from the muscle tissue samples
preserved in 95% ethanol following a standard phenol/
chloroform extraction protocol (Sambrook and Russell
2001). A partial region of the Cytochrome C oxidase I
(COI) gene was amplified using the universal primer
(LCO1490:5’-GGTCAACAAATCATAAAGATATTGG3’HC02198:5’-TAAACTTCAGGGTGACCAAAAAATCA3′) (Folmer et al. 1994; Samonte et al. 2000), sequenced using
ABI 3730 automated sequencer at Agrigenome Labs Pvt. Ltd.
and the sequence deposited in NCBI, GenBank under the
Accession Number KY398838. Sequence generated in the
present study was searched for similarity using Basic Local
Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) (Altschul et al. 1990)
through web searches of National Center for Biotechnology
Information (USA) website (http://www.ncbi.nih.gov/
BLAST/). The sequence of A. brevimanum generated in the
present study was aligned with sequences of other species of
Ariomma; A. indicum from Indian (KP244488-KP244491;
EU148514-EU148518) and Japanese waters (AB205433),
A. bondi from USA (KT883659), A. luridum from Japanese
waters (AB205431) and South China Sea (KP266811) and
Ariomma sp. from South China Sea (JQ681386, JQ681426)
using ClustalW (Thompson et al. 1997) in MEGA 6 (Tamura
et al. 2013) and a maximum likelihood tree was constructed
using Kimura 2 parameter (K2P) model (Kimura 1980) in
MEGA 6 (Tamura et al. 2013). The tree was rooted using
the sequence of Trachinotus blochii (KX018988).
Materials Examined
Ariomma brevimanum (Klunzinger 1884): GB 31.10.2.2 (9
ex: 5 male and 4 female, 584–670 mm SL, 3.1–4.6 kg TW),
collected from Cochin Fisheries Harbour, captured off
Cochin, southwest coast, Kerala, India, 200–300 m depth,
collector S. K. Roul, 30 September, 2016.
Ariomma indicum (Day, 1870): 14 ex., 101.0–117.0 mm SL,
Versova Fish Landing Centre (19080′N, 72050′E), Mumbai,
Maharashtra, India, collector Suraj Kumar Pradhan, 9
July 2017; 5 ex., 122–142 mm SL, Cochin Fisheries Harbour
(09°56′327″N, 76°15′764″E), Cochin, Kerala, India, collector
Subal Kumar Roul, 15 September 2017.
Results
Ariomma brevimanum (Klunzinger 1884).
Smalleye ariomma.
Morphological Features
Morphometric Characteristics
Medium sized fish (584.0–670.0 mm SL) with rounded and
elongated type body (Fig. 1a); depth at first dorsal and second
dorsal fin origin was about 22.8–25.2% and 22.0–22.7% of
the SL respectively; two distinctly separated dorsal fin with
interdorsal space 4.7–6.3% of SL; first dorsal fin originated
behind the origin of pectoral fin with XI slender and brittle
spine, folding into a deep groove whereas second dorsal fin
with I spine and 15 soft rays; anal fin with II spine and 15 soft
rays; second dorsal and anal fin rays widely spaced posteriorly
and finlet like appearance; pectoral fin short with 22–24 soft
rays and ventral fin with I long spine and 5 soft rays, folded
into the groove which runs up to the anus; caudal fin
deeply forked; caudal peduncle short and cylindrical with
pair of fleshy keels on both sides near caudal fin base;
lateral line well above and towards the dorsal profile of
body originating from the operculum and ending at the
beginning of the caudal peduncle with 52–55 pored
scales; scales large, cycloid, thin and deciduous; predorsal scale patch extending to about the hind margin of
the eye (Fig. 1b, 4a); opercule and pre-opercule thin
Thalassas
Table 1
Morphometric and meristic data for Ariomma brevimanum and A. indicum. Standard length is represented in millimeter
Ariomma brevimanum
Ariomma indicum
Characters
Present study
(n = 9)
Ajiad and Mahasneh
(1986) (n = 2)
Bos and Gumanao
(2013) (n = 37)
Present study
(n = 19)
Standard Length (SL mm)
584.0–670.0
375.0–680.0
115.0–475.0
101.0–142.0
In % of SL
–
Head Length
26.1–28.0
25.6–25.7
–
33.4–36.9
Pre-first dorsal length
Pre-second dorsal length
Pre-pectoral length
31.7–32.9
59.1–61.2
27.4–29.1
32.0–32.4
–
–
–
–
–
30.7–39.1
54.1–59.9
33.5–36.5
Pre-pelvic length
Pre-anal length
29.8–32.4
61.6–65.7
–
62.7–64.0
–
–
32.7–40.0
57.2–63.7
Interdorsal space
Pectoral length
4.7–6.3
14.8–15.6
Pelvic length
First dorsal height
Second dorsal height
Anal height
Caudal fin length
8.4–9.5
9.1–12.4
6.5–7.5
6.5–6.8
22.0–25.3
6.7–6.8
11.7–12.7
7.6–8.8
–
–
31.4–36.7
13.7–16.2
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
16.1–23.3
9.4–39.2
10.7–14.5
31.5–37.5
Caudal peduncle length
7.9–8.6
–
–
5.6–7.9
Caudal peduncle depth
Inter-dorsal space
Depth at first dorsal fin origin
5.4–5.8
4.7–6.3
22.8–25.2
–
6.7–6.8
24.9–25.7
–
–
–
6.1–7.6
–
40.8–45.9
Depth at second dorsal fin origin
Head Length (HL mm)
In % of HL
Head depth
Snout length
Pre-orbital length
Post-orbital
Eye diameter (horizontal)
Inter-orbital width
Upper jaw length
Meristic counts
Dorsal fin
Anal fin
Pectoral fin
Pelvic fin
Gill rakers
Lateral line scale
Branchiostegals
22–22.7
152–187
–
96–175
–
–
40.2–46.0
36–50
79.7–88.9
39.5–40.6
30.8–31.8
47–50.1
18.1–22.5
36.0–38.8
21.9–24.2
–
34.3–34.4
–
44.8–46.9
18.9–20.8
–
–
111.5–126.6
35.5–41.9
23.6–48.6
26.5–52.3
25.5–33.2
26.8–34.4
23.7–28.2
XI + I, 15
II + 15
22–24
I+5
(12–13) + (18–19)
52–55
6
X + I, 13
II + 15
24
I+5
10 + 1 + 19
45
6
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
XI-XII, 15
II + 14–15
23
I+5
–
52–53
–
covered with scales, and pre-opercular margin angular
(Fig. 1c, 4a); eyes located centrally with well-developed
adipose tissue; mouth small, terminal and not protractile;
snout obtuse, maxilla not reaching to under the eye; teeth
on jaws minute, uniserial and pointed whereas absent on
palate and vomer; gill rakers slender and numerous about
30–32 on first gill arch (Table 1).
X-XI + I, 15–16
III + 15
23–24
I+5
(6–8) + (14–16)
–
6
Coloration
Freshly collected specimens were dark brown dorsally,
and a silvery appearance on the ventral surface and sides
of the body. Anterior first dorsal fin spines, membrane
and second dorsal fin margin were black in color. The
caudal fin was generally grey with a black margin and
Thalassas
Fig. 3 Maximum likelihood
phylogenetic tree of Ariomma
spp. based on DNA sequences of
the mitochondrial COI gene
(AB205433, A. brevimanum for
the present study)
the tips of both the lobes were black. The anal fin was
white with a black margin. Pectoral fins were black in
color while white towards their ventral sites. Pelvic fin
was black, and white at the base and anterior margin.
The caudal and dorsal fins had a light yellow shine in
almost all the specimens. Most of the specimens had a
dark edge at the dorsal posterior end of the operculum.
Black marking was at the posterior dorsal edge of the eye,
while the mouth and gill cavity were dark.
values (Fig. 3). Ariomma indicum, A. luridum and A. bondi
clustered separately from A. brevimanum indicating that they
are diverged significantly. Two sequences of Ariomma sp.
collected from South China Sea (JQ681386 and JQ681426)
also clustered together with A. luridum indicating that they
belong to the species A. luridum.
DNA Barcoding Results
The literature on Indian Ariommatids is restricted to Ariomma
indicum (Day, 1871). This species has been recorded almost
all along the Indian coast (Barman et al. 2000; Barman et al.
2004; Barman et al. 2007; Barman et al. 2011; Barman et al.
2012; Rajan et al. 2013; Barman et al. 2013; Bijukumar and
Raghavan 2015; Yennawar et al. 2017). The present study
reported the first record of the species small eye ariomma,
Ariomma brevimanum, from Indian waters. Distribution of
this species is restricted to the Indo-Pacific region where it
has been reported from the Red Sea, Mayotte, Indonesia,
The partial sequence of the mitochondrial Cytochrome C oxidase I (COI) gene resulted in a mean value of 636 nucleotide
base pairs. NCBI, Blast analysis revealed that the sequence
generated in the present study is 99.65% identical with
A. brevimanum from Japanese waters (AB205433.1) with E
value being 0. Maximum likelihood tree constructed using
Kimura 2 parameter (K2P) distance values showed distinct
clustering among Ariomma species with significant bootstrap
Fig. 4 Pre-dorsal scale patch, preopercular margin shape and eye
size of two species of Ariomma.
(a) A. brevimanum; (b)
A. luridum. (Source: Last 2001)
Discussion
Thalassas
Philippines, Guam, Japan, Fiji, Hawaii, Tuvalu and Ryukyu
Islands, Taiwan (Ajiad and Mahasneh 1986; Ho et al. 2013;
Bos and Gumanao 2013; Froese and Pauly 2018) and India
(present study). The fish was first described as Cubiceps
brevimanus by Klunzinger (1884) from the Red Sea based
on a single specimen of 800.0 mm long, having XI dorsal
spine and 15 soft rays, II anal spine and 15 soft rays, and 24
pectoral soft rays. Subsequently, it was re-described by Ajiad
and Mahasneh (1986) from the Gulf of Aqaba (Red Sea) and
after that several new records from various parts in the IndoPacific region (Ho et al. 2013; Bos and Gumanao 2013;
Froese and Pauly 2018) were documented. Most of the proportional morphometric measurement and meristic counts of
A. brevimanum based on the present specimens are concurrent
with the ranges given by the earlier authors (Table 1). Among
the two species of Ariommatids available along the Indian
coast, A. indicum can be easily identified based on the smaller
size and deeper body (body depth 40.0 to 46.0% of SL) whereas A. brevimanum grows to a bigger size and have an elongated
body (body depth less than 26.0% of SL). A similar range with
some variations was provided by Last (2001) in the Western
Central Pacific: body depth 42.0 to 50.0% of SL in A. indicum
and body depth less than 32.0% of SL in A. brevimanum which
may be attributed to the different geographical area. Ariomma
brevimanum morphologically resembles with its congener,
A. luridum, but both the species can be distinguished based
on pre-dorsal scale patch (extending forward to about hind
margin of eye in A. brevimanum versus extending forward to
front margin of eye in A. luridum) (Fig. 1b, 4); pre-opercular
margin shape (angular in A. brevimanum versus rounded in
A. luridum) (Fig. 1c, 4); and eye size (small, less than 26.0%
of HL in A. brevimanum versus larger, more than 26.0% of HL
in A. luridum) (Last 2001). In the present study, a similar predorsal scale patch and pre-opercular margin shape were observed with minor variation in eye size (18.0–23.0% of HL)
(Fig. 1b, c). The analyses of mitochondrial gene COI sequences
confirmed the identity of the specimen as A. brevimanum.
The smalleye ariomma Ariomma brevimanum is listed as
Not Evaluated by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
(IUCN 2018). The species is generally considered as a rare
one, and has occasionally been caught in large quantities in
Japan (Last 2001) and frequently available in the markets in
Philippines (Bos and Gumanao 2013). In the Indian Ocean,
A. brevimanum was previously reported only from the Red
Sea (Baranes and Golani 1993; Khalaf 2004), Mayotte
Island (south-western Indian Ocean) (Wickel et al. 2014)
and western Indonesia (Gloerfelt-Tarp and Kailola 1984).
The present study presented the first record of this deep-sea
fish species from Indian waters (south-eastern Arabian Sea)
which provide the insight into their specific distributions and
possible range extension in the Indian Ocean. This information is highly essential from a biodiversity point of view which
adds another species to the ichthyofaunal diversity to Indian
waters. The marine biodiversity of Indian waters is increasing day by day with several newly described fish
species and records. The species was caught in hook and
line off Cochin, near Lakshadweep waters at a depth of
200-300 m from the water surface. A detailed study can
further explore the stock status, abundance, and biological
information of the species. The maximum length (Lmax)
known for this species was 800.0 mm TL (Masuda et al.
1984) whereas, in the present study, Lmax was observed as
888.0 mm TL. Based on the present investigations, a field
identification key for the two species of Ariommatids
available along India waters is provided to aid in the correct identification of the species.
Key to the three species of Ariommatidae, adapted from
Last (2001).
1a. Body depth 40.0 to 46.0% of standard length
(Fig. 1d)….…………………….….Ariomma indicum
1 b . B o d y d ep t h o f le s s th an 32 . 0% of s t an d ar d
length……………………………….…….……………..….2
2a. Pre-dorsal scale patch extending forward to about hind
margin of the eye (Fig. 1b, 4a); pre-opercular margin somewhat angular (Fig. 1c, 4a); eye small, 18.0–23.0% of head
length (Fig. 1a, 4a)…………………..Ariomma brevimanum
2b. Pre-dorsal scale patch extending forward to front margin
of eye; pre-opercular margin rounded; eye large, more than
26.0% of head length (Fig. 4b)…………. Ariomma luridum
Acknowledgments The authors are highly grateful to Dr. A
Gopalakrishnan, Director, ICAR-CMFRI, Cochin for providing all necessary facilities and constant support during the entire study period.
Compliance with Ethical Standards
Conflict of Interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of
interest.
Ethical Approval This article does not contain any experimental studies
with animals performed by any of the authors.
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