Checklist of mosses (Bryophyta) of Gangetic Plains, India

Dr Afroz  Alam

The checklist reports total 2489 taxa of bryophytes recorded from India, comprising 1786 species in 355 genera of mosses, 675 species in 121 genera of liverworts and 25 species in six genera of hornworts. Some of the genera of mosses like Fissidens, Barbula, Campylopus, and Bryum are found to have largest number of species. In liverworts Riccia, Porella, Frullania, Lejeunea, Plagiochila and Jungermannia are recorded to be species rich genera and in hornworts Anthoceros is well represented by species. Pottiaceae, Lejeuniaceae and Notothyladaceae are largely represented in India. Nearly 340 species are endemic to India.

Bodamalai Hills, situated on the Southern Eastern Ghats of Tamil Nadu, were explored for mosses (bryophyta) for the first time. As a result a checklist of mosses has been prepared comprising 52 species belonging to 38 genera and 21 families. The dominant families with the maximum number of species are Pottiaceae, Bryaceae, Stereophyllaceae, Sematophyllaceae and Brachytheciaceae. The dominant genera are Brachymenium and Bryum and the dominant species are Barbula javanica and Bryum capillare.

Study of species composition and community structure is an essential requirement for maintaining the ecosystem functions, conservation, and sustainable use. Bryophytes are integral components of biodiversity and resilient during perturbation. The present investigation was, therefore, a survey in North Sikkim district (India) to study the diversity and distribution of mosses resulting in a total of 113 species in 74 genera and 28 families as new records to the study area. Of these, 14 species are considered rare based on their frequency of occurrence. The family Meteoriaceae which consists of mainly epiphytic taxa is found to be dominant and widely spread in the study area followed by Pottiaceae, Leucobryaceae, and Dicranaceae families. Sixteen species are found to be remarkable in contributing major biomass to the forest floors and as epiphytes. Five species are recorded to be endemic to this area. Most of the epiphytic species are found to be abundant in the area, indicating the go...

Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 23(2): 97-106, 2016 (December) © 2016 Bangladesh Association of Plant Taxonomists CHECKLIST OF MOSSES (BRYOPHYTA) OF GANGETIC PLAINS, INDIA KRISHNA KUMAR RAWAT 1, AFROZ ALAM2 AND PRAVEEN KUMAR VERMA3 CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India Keywords: Bryophyta; Gangetic plains; Uttar Pradesh; Bihar; West Bengal Abstract An updated account of 79 taxa of mosses of Gangetic plains, representing 40 genera and 19 families, is provided. The family Pottiaceae with 17 taxa belonging to 9 genera appears most dominant and diversified family in the area while at generic level, the genus Fissidens (Fissidentaceae) with 19 species shows maximum diversity, followed by Hyophila and Physcomitrium each with five species. Introduction In our earlier publications, boundaries of ‘Central Indian bryo-geographical zone’ and ‘Panjab and Rajasthan plains bryo-geographic zone’ were proposed along with a checklist of mosses in these areas (Alam et al., 2015; Rawat et al., 2015). In present paper the boundaries of ‘Gangetic plains bryo-geographic zone’ is redefined for ease in distributional analysis, and provided updated checklist of mosses recorded from here. Materials and Methods The present compilation is based on the all available literature on mosses of Gangetic plains till date and gets its foundation from extra-ordinary work of Gangulee (1969-72; 1972-76; 197678), who has provided the most elaborative, informative and reliable data of moss diversity of India. In enumeration, the taxa reported earlier without specific epithet, have been excluded. The summary of various families and genera is followed by alphabetical list of taxa. The accepted names are cited in bold. Format of the enumeration of taxa follows Alam et al. (2015). The classification scheme broadly follows Goffinet et al. (2008).The extant of ‘Gangetic plains bryogeographic zone’ described here is broadly based on Erenstein et al. (2007), with some modifications. Results and Discussion Earlier, entire Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Bihar (including Jharkhand) and almost entire West Bengal (except Darjeeling) have been broadly treated as part of Gangetic Plains bryo-geographic zone. However, some parts of this region, due to somewhat different geo-physical properties and climatic conditions, shows more affinity to neighbouring zones, hence need re-assessment and refinement of boundaries of this unique bryo-geographical zone. The extant of ‘Gangetic Plains bryo-geographic zone’ described in present work is broadly followed Erenstein et al. (2007), however, some modifications are made on account of the unique geo-climatic conditions meet in the region. The southern region of Uttar Pradesh [particularly the Bundelkhand region (Jalaun, 1 Corresponding author. Email: drkkrawat@rediffmail.com Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Rajasthan, India. 3 Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, India. 2 98 RAWAT et al. Jhansi, Lalitpur, Hamirpur, Mahoba, Banda, Chitrakoot districts) and Sonbhadra district] is a plateau and hence shows contrasting difference from the alluvial plains in geo-physical properties, hence treated in Central Indian bryo-geographic zone. Similarly, Purulia district of west Bengal, consisting of easternmost segments of Chhota nagpur plateau is now treated under Central Indian bryo-geographical zone (Alam et al., 2015). Entire Uttarakhand state, on the other hand is being treated in Western Himalayan zone, however, most of the part of Haridwar and Udham Singh Nagar districts of Uttarakhand is either plain or terai (foot hills), hence need to be incorporated in Gangetic Plain region. Hilly areas of Darjeeling districts has been considered as part of Eastern Himalayan zone, however, Jalpaiguri and Koch Bihar district of West Bengal are proposed to be included in Brahmputra plains which itself can be treated as a separate bryo-geographic zone, subject to further studies. Earlier reports of mosses from Gangetic Plains (from Delhi) have now been transferred to Rajasthan and Panjab plains zone (Rawat et al., 2015). Therefore, in present work we propose Haridwar and Udham Singh district of Uttarakhand, Shahdara zone or East Delhi, Uttar Pradesh (except southern plateau region of Uttar Pradesh including Bundelkhand region and Sonbhadra district), Bihar and West Bengal (excluding Purulia, Kooch Bihar, Jalpaiguri districts and plains of Darjeeling district) as parts of ‘Gangetic plains bryo-geographic’ zone (Fig. 1). Fig. 1. Map of India showing the proposed extant of ‘Gangetic plains bryo-geographic zone’. CHECKLIST OF MOSSES OF GANGETIC PLAINS 99 The present document provides updated accounts of 105 taxa of mosses reported so far from this zone, out of which 79 are still valid. Distributional details with relevant references are also given, which may be useful for future workers and will encourage bryo-floristic studies in neglected areas. Taxonomic Enumeration Archidium birmannicum Mitt. ex Dixon, J. Indian Bot. 2: 175. 1921. UTTAR PRADESH: Allahabad (Lal, 2007; Singh, 2013), Lakhimpur-Kheri, Pilibhit, Shahjahanpur (Sahu and Asthana, 2015); WEST BENGAL: Hoogly, Ramnagar (Gangulee, 1969-72; Lal, 2007). Aulacopilum luzonense E.B. Bartram, Philipp. J. Sci. 68: 169. 1939. WEST BENGAL: Kolkata, Shantiniketan, Midnapore (Lal, 2007). Barbula arcuata Griff., Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 2: 491. 1842. WEST BENGAL: Kolkata, BIHAR (Lal, 2007). Barbula consanguinea (Thwaites & Mitt.) A. Jaegr. → Hydrogonium consanguineum (Thwaites & Mitt.) Hilp. Barbula constricta Mitt. → Didymodon constrictus (Mitt.) Saito Barbula gangetica C. Muell.→ Hydrogonium arcuatum (Griff.) Wijk. & Margad Barbula indica (Hook.) Spreng. Nomencl. Bot. 2: 72. 1824. Tortula indica Hook., Musci Exot. 2, 135. 1819. BIHAR (Lal, 2007); UTTAR PRADESH: Allahabad, Pratapgarh, Raebareli, Saharanpur, Varanasi (Aziz and Vohra, 2008) Lakhimpur-Kheri, Pilibhit (Sahu and Asthana, 2015); WEST BENGAL (Lal, 2007). Barbula javanica Dozy & Molk. → Hydrogonium javanicum (Doz. & Molk.) Hilp. Bartramidula roylei (Hook. f.) Bruch & Schimp., Bryol. Eur. 4: 55. 1846. Gangetic plains (Lal, 2005). Brachymenium indicum (Dozy & Molk.) Bosch & Sande Lac. Bryol. Jav. 1: 141. 1860. Bryum indicum Dozy ex Molk., Musci Fr. Ined. Archip. Indici 1: 22.1845. WEST BENGAL: Namkhana, Sundarban (Gangulee, 1974-78; Lal, 2007). Bryum apiculatum Schwaegr. → Bryum mildeanum Jur. Bryum coronatum Schwaegr., Sp. Musc. Frond, suppl. 1(2): 103.1816. WEST BENGAL: Burdwan, Howrah, Hoogli, Kolkata, Midnapore (Gangulee, 1974-78; Lal, 2007). Bryum indicum Doz. ex Molk., → Brachymenium indicum(Dozy & Molk.) Bosch & Sande Lac. Bryum kliggraeffii Schimp., Höh. Crypt. Preuss. 81.1858. UTTAR PRADESH: Allahabad (Lal, 2007). Bryum mildeanum Jur., Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 12: 967.1862. Bryum apiculatum Schwaegr., Sp. Musc. Frond., suppl. 1, 2: 102.1816. Gangetic plains (Lal, 2005 as B. apiculatum). Bryum plumosum Dozy & Molk. → Gemmabryum apiculatum(Schwägr.) J.R. Spence & H.P. Ramsay Calymperes calcuttense E.B. Bartram & Gangulee → Syrrhopodon burmensis (Hamp.) Reese & Tan Calymperes sundarbanense Gangulee → Heliconema peguense (Besch.) L.T. Ellis & A. Eddy Calymperes tenerum var. tenuicola Gangulee, Mosses E. India 1: 600.1972, WEST BENGAL: Kolkata (Gangulee 1969-72; Lal, 2007). 100 RAWAT et al. Campylodontium flavescens (Hook.) Bosch. & Sande Lac., Bryol. Jav. 2: 128.1865. Gangetic plains (Lal, 2005). Ceratodon purpureus (Hedw.) Brid., Bryol. Univ. 1: 480.1826. UTTAR PRADESH: Pilibhit (Sahu and Asthana, 2015); Raebareli (Sinha et al., 1990; Lal, 2007; Singh, 2013). Ceratodon stenocarpus Bruch & Schimp., Bryol. Eur. 2: 146.1849. UTTAR PRADESH: Raebareli (Kumar and Kazmi, 2004, 2006; Singh et al., 2005; Singh, 2013). Conomitrium bengalense Hamp.→ Fissidens xiphioides Fleisch. Diaphanodon blandus (Harv.) Renauld & Cardot, Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 38(1): 23.1900. WEST BENGAL: Kolkata (Chopra, 1975, Lal, 2007). Diaphanodon procumbens (Müll.) Renauld & Cardot, Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 38(1): 24.1900. WEST BENGAL: Kolkata (Chopra, 1975; Lal, 2007). Dicranella macrospora Gangulee, Nova Hedwigia 8: 145.1964. UTTAR PRADESH: LakhimpurKheri (Sahu and Asthana, 2015). Didymodon constrictus (Mitt.) Saito, J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 39: 514.1975. Barbula constricta Mitt., J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Bot., suppl. 1: 33. 1859. UTTAR PRADESH: Faizabad (Singh and Kumar 2003 as B. constricta). Entodontopsis tavoyense (Hook. ex Harv.) W.R. Buck & R.R. Ireland, Nova Hedwigia 41: 105. 1985. UTTAR PRADESH: Pilibhit (Sahu and Asthana, 2015). Entosthodon nutans Mitt., J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Bot., suppl. 1: 55. 1859. UTTAR PRADESH: without locality (Gangulee, 1974-78; Lal, 2007); WEST BENGAL: Champadanga, Howrah, Hoogli, Kalyani, Konnagar, Nadia, Ranaghat (Gangulee, 1974-78; Lal, 2007). Entosthodon wichurae M. Fleisch., Musci Fl. Buitenz., 2:481.1904. UTTAR PRADESH: Pilibhit (Sahu and Asthana, 2015). Erpodium mangifereae Müll. Hal., Linnaea 37: 178.1872. UTTAR PRADESH: Allahabad, Saharanpur (Gangulee, 1974-78; Lal, 2007; Singh, 2013), Lakhimpur-Kheri (Sahu and Asthana, 2015); WEST BENGAL: Birbhum, Hoogli, Kalyani, Kolkata, Midnapore, Nadia (Gangulee, 1974-78). Fissidens bengalensis Par. →Fissidens zollingeri Mont. Fissidens bilaspurense Gangulee, Bull. Bot. Soc. Beng. 11: Midnapore (Gangulee 1969-72; Lal, 2007). 66. 1957. WEST BENGAL: Fissidens bryoides Hedw., Sp. Musc. Frond. 153.1801. UTTAR PRADESH: Pilibhit (Sahu and Asthana, 2015); WEST BENGAL: Kalyani, Kolkata (Gangulee 1969-72; Lal, 2007). Fissidens ceylonensis Dozy & Molk., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., ser. 3, 2: 304. 1844. Fissidens perpusillus Dozy & Molk, J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot., suppl. 2: 141. 1859. Fissidens bicolor Thwaites & Mitt., J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 13: 322. 1873. Fissidens pennatulus Thwaites & Mitt., J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 13: 325. 1873. Fissidens ceylonensis var. jhargramii Gangulee, Bull. Bot. Soc. Bengal 11: 72. 1957. WEST Bengal: Jhargram, Tarapheni (Gangulee, 1969-72; Lal, 2005). Fissidens crenulatus Mitt., Musc. Ind. Or. 140. 1859 var. crenulatus. UTTAR PRADESH: Pilibhit, Sahajahanpur (Sahu and Asthana, 2015). CHECKLIST OF MOSSES OF GANGETIC PLAINS 101 Fissidens crenulatus Mitt. var. titalyanus (Müll. Hal.) Gangulee, Mosses E. India 3: 506. 1972. Fissidens titalyanus Müll. Hal., Linnaea 37: 165.1872. WEST BENGAL: 24-Pargana, Dooars, Jhargram (Gangulee, 1969-72; Lal, 2007). Fissidens crispulus var. crispulus Brid., Musc. Rec. suppl. 4: 187. 1819. Fissidens sylvaticus var. zippelianus (Dozy & Molk.) Gangulee, Mosses E. India 1: 537. 1972. WEST BENGAL: Jhargram (Gangulee, 1969-72; Lal, 2007; both reported as F. sylvaticus var. zippelianus). Fissidens curvatoinvolutus Dixon, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 19: 279. 1938. UTTAR PRADESH: Raebareli, Saharanpur (Sinha et al., 1990; Singh et al., 2005; Lal, 2007; Singh, 2013). Fissidens diversifolius Mitt., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot., suppl. 2: 140. 1859. BIHAR: North Bihar, WEST BENGAL: Thakuranpahari (Gangulee 1969-72; Lal, 2005). Fissidens flaccidus Mitt., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 23: 56. 1860. Fissidens splachnobryoides Broth. in Schum. & Lauterb., Fl. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Suedsee: 81. 1900. UTTAR PRADESH: Lakhimpur-Kheri, Pilibhit (Sahu and Asthana, 2015); WEST BENGAL: 24-Parganas, Bolpur, Kolkata (Gangulee 1969-72; Lal, 2007 as Fissidens splachobryoides). Fissidens involutus Wilson ex Mitt., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot., suppl. 2: 138.1859. UTTAR PRADESH: Pilibhit, Saharanpur (Sahu and Asthana, 2015). Fissidens kurzii Müll. Hal., Linnaea 37: 163. 1872. North Bengal plains (Gangulee, 1969-72; Lal, 2005). Fissidens orishae Gangulee, Nova Hedwigia 8: 140. 1964. WEST BENGAL: Belpahari, Jhargram, Midnapore (Gangulee, 1969-72; Lal, 2007). Fissidens ranchiensis Gangulee, Bull. Bot. Soc. Beng. 11: Belpahari, Jhalgram (Gangulee, 1969-72). 68. 1957. WEST BENGAL: Fissidens semperfalcatus Dixon, J. Siam Soc., Nat. Hist. suppl. 10: 2.1935.WEST BENGAL: Jhargram (Gangulee, 1969-72; Lal, 2005). Fissidens splachnobryoides Broth.Fissidens flaccidus Mitt. Fissidens subpalmatus C. Muell., Linnaea 37: 164.1872. BIHAR: Purnea. WEST BENGAL: 24Parganas, Bolpur, Kharagpur (Gangulee 1969-72; Lal, 2007). Fissidens sylvaticus Griff. var. calcuttense Gangulee, Mosses E. India, 2: 538. 1971. WEST BENGAL: Jhargram, Kolkata (Gangulee, 1969-72; Lal, 2007). Fissidens sylvaticus var. teraicola (Müll. Hal.) Gangulee, Mosses E. India, 2: 539.1971. Fissidens teraicola Müll. Hal., Linnaea 37: 164.1872. WEST BENGAL: Kalyani (Gangulee, 1969-72; Lal, 2007 as Fissidens teraicola). Fissidens sylvaticus var. zippelianus (Dozy & Molk.) Gangulee, Fissidens crispulus Brid. var. crispulus Fissidens teraicola Müll. Hal. →Fissidens sylvaticus var. teraicola (C. Muell.) Gangulee Fissidens titlyanus Müll. Hal. → Fissidens crenulatus var. titlyanus Fissidens virens Thwaites & Mitt., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 13: 324.1873. WEST BENGAL: Jhargram (Gangulee, 1969-72). Fissidens xiphioides Fleisch. →Fissidens zollingeri Mont. Fissidens zollingeri Mont. Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3,4: 114.1845. F. xiphioides Fleisch., Hedwigia 38: 125. 1899. Fissidens bengalensis Par., Index Bryol. 461. 1896. Conomitrium bengalense Hamp., 102 RAWAT et al. Linnaea 39: 364.1896. UTTAR PRADESH: Lakhimpur-Kheri, Pilibhit, Shahjahanpur (Sahu and Asthana, 2015); WEST BENGAL: Bengal plains (Gangulee 1969-72; Lal, 2007 as Fissidens xiphioides). Funaria hygrometrica Hedw., Sp. Musc. Frond. 172.1801. UTTAR PRADESH: Raebareli (Singh et al., 2005; Kumar and Kazmi, 2006). Garckea flexuosa (Griff.) Margad. & Nork., J. Bryol. 7:440. 1973. WEST BENGAL: Midnapore (Lal, 2007). Garckea phascoides(Hook.) C. Muell. Bot. Zeit. 3:865. 1845. WEST BENGAL: Midnapore (Gangulee, 1969-72). Gemmabryum apiculatum (Schwägr.) J.R. Spence & H.P. Ramsay, Phytologia 87: 65. 2005. Bryum plumosum Dozy & Molk., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., ser. 3(2): 301. 1844. WEST BENGAL: Kolkata, Howrah (Gangulee, 1974-78; Lal, 2007 as Bryum plumosum). Glossadelphus zollingeri (Müll. Hal.) M. Fleisch., Musci Buitenzorg 4: 1355. 1923. WEST BENGAL: Howrah (Lal, 2007). Gymnostomiella vernicosa (Hook. ex Harv.) M. Fleisch., Musci Buitenzorg 1: 310. 1904. UTTAR PRADESH: Allahabad, WEST BENGAL: 24-Pargana, Howrah, Kolkata (Gangulee, 1974-78; Lal, 2007; Singh 2013). Gymnostomum calcareum Nees & Hornsch., Bryol. Germ. 1: 153. 1823. UTTAR PRADESH: Pilibhit (Sahu and Asthana, 2015). Heliconema peguense (Besch.) L.T. Ellis & A. Eddy, J. Bryol. 15: 730. 1989. Calymperes sundarbanense Gangulee, Mosses E. India 3: 611. 1972. WEST BENGAL: Sundarban (Gangulee 1969-72 as C. sunderbanense). Hydrogonium arcuatum(Griff.) Wijk. & Marg., Taxon 7: 289.1958. Barbula gangetica C. Muell. Linnaea, 37: 177.1872. Hydrogonium gangeticum (C. Muell.) Chen, Hedwigia 80: 237.1941. UTTAR PRADESH: Upper Gangetic Plains (Gangulee1969-72; Lal 2005 as H. gangeticum), Lakhimpur-Kheri, (Sahu and Asthana, 2015). WEST BENGAL: Lower Bengal, Birbhum (as H. gangeticum) (Gangulee1969-72). Hydrogonium consanguineum (Thwaites et Mitt.) Hilp., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 50(2): 626.1933 Barbula consanguinea (Thwaites & Mitt.) A. Jaegr., Ber. Thätigk. St. Gallischen Naturwiss. Ges. 1877-78: 490.1880. BIHAR: Darbhanga (Aziz and Vohra, 2008); UTTAR PRADESH: Upper Gangetic plains (Ganguleee 1969-72), Raebareli (Kumar and Kazmi, 2004, 2006 as B. consanguinea), Varanasi (Aziz and Vohra, 2008); WEST BENGAL: Howrah, Kolkata, Midnapore, Titlaya (Aziz and Vohra, 2008). Hydrogonium gangeticum (C. Muell.) Chen → Hydrogonium arcuatum (Griff.) Wijk. & Marg. Hydrogonium javanicum (Doz. & Molk.) Hilp., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 50(2): 632.1933. Barbula javanica Doz. & Molk. in Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. ser. 3,2: 300.1884. UTTAR PRADESH: Allahabad, Kanpur (Jajmau), Raebareli, WEST BENGAL: North Bengal plains (Gangulee, 1969-72; Sinha et al, 1990; Singh et al., 2005; Kumar et al., 2007; Lal, 2007; Singh, 2013, all reported as Barbula javanica, however, Aziz & Vohra, 2008 treated B. javanica as synonym of Hydrogonium javanicum). Hyophila involuta (Hook.) A. Jaegr., Ber. S. Gall. Naturew. Ges. 1871-72: 356.1873. BIHAR: North Bihar; UTTAR PRADESH: Upper Gangetic Plains (Gangulee 1969-72), Allahabad (Lal, CHECKLIST OF MOSSES OF GANGETIC PLAINS 103 2007; Aziz and Vohra, 2008; Singh 2013); Lucknow (Aziz and Vohra, 2008; Nath et al., 2010; Singh 2013); WEST BENGAL: Lower Bengal (Gangulee 1969-72). Hyophila nymaniana (M. Fleisch.) M. Menzel, Willdenowia 22: 198.1992. UTTAR PRADESH: Allahabad, Lakhimpur-Kheri, Pilibhit (Sahu and Asthana, 2015). Hyophila rosea Williams, Bull. NewYork Bot. Gard. 8: 341.1941. UTAR PRADESH: Allahabad (Lal, 2007; Singh 2013). Hyophila spathulata (Harv.) A. Jaegr., Ber. Thätigk. St. Gallischen Naturwiss. Ges. 1871-72: 353.1873. UTTAR PRADESH: Allahabad (Lal, 2007; Singh 2013), Lakhimpur-Kheri, Shahjahanpur (Sahu and Asthana, 2015). Hyophila walkeri Broth., Rec. Bot. Surv. India 1: 317.1899. UTTAR PRADESH: Faizabad (Singh and Kumar, 2003). Octoblepharum albidum Hedw., Sp. Musc. Frond. (Gangulee, 1969-72; Lal, 2007). 50.1801. WEST BENGAL: Howrah Philonotis falcata (Hook.) Mitt., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot., suppl. 1: 62.1859. WEST BENGAL: Midnapore (Lal, 2007). Philonotis hastata (Duby) Wijk. & Margad., Taxon 8: 74.1959.WEST BENGAL: Kolkata, Howrah (Gangulee, 1974-78; Lal, 2007). Philonotis mollis (Dozy & Molk.) Mitt., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot., suppl. 1: 60, 1859. UTTAR PRADESH: Lakhimpur-Kheri, Pilibhit, Shahjahanpur (Sahu and Asthana, 2015). Physcomitrium coorgense Broth., Rec. Bot. Surv. India 1(12): 319. 1899. UTTAR PRADESH: Allahabad (Lal, 2007; Singh, 2013). Physcomitrium cyathicarpum Mitt. Physcomitrium immersum Sull. Physcomitrium eurystomum Sendtn., Denkschr. Bayer. Bot. Ges. Regensburg 3: 142. 1841. UTTAR PRADESH: Allahabad (Lal, 2007; Singh 2013), Lakhimpur, Pilibhit (Sahu and Asthana, 2015); WEST BENGAL: Burdwan, Hoogli (Gangulee, 1974-78). Physcomitrium immersum Sull., Manual 648, 1848. Physcomitrium cyathicarpum Mitt., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot., suppl. 1: 54. 1859. BIHAR: Patna; UTTAR PRADESH: Allahabad; WEST BENGAL: Barasat, Hoogli, Kolkata, Nadia (Gangulee, 1974-78; Lal, 2007; Singh 2013; all as Physcomitrium cyathicarpum). Physcomitrium indicum (Dix.) Gangulee, Bull. Bot. Soc. Bengal 23: 131. 1969. Physcomitrellopsis indica Dix. in Gupta. J. Indian Bot. Soc. 13: 122. 1933. UTTAR PRADESH: Unnao (Shuklaganj), Pratapgarh (Kalakankar) (Lal, 2007, Sinha et al., 1990; Kumar and Kazmi 2004, 2006; Singh et al., 2005), Varanasi (Gupta, 1933 as Physcomitrellopsis indica); WEST BENGAL: Hoogli, Nadia, Maldah, Murshidabad (Gangulee, 1974-78; Lal, 2007). Physcomitrium japonicum (Hedw.) Mitt., Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 3: 164. 1891. UTTAR PRADESH: Gorakhpur (Gangulee, 1974-78; Lal, 2007), Pratapgarh (Kalakankar), Raebareli, Unnao (Shuklaganj) (Lal, 2007, Sinha et al., 1990; Kumar et al., 2007; Singh et al., 2005; Kumar and Kazmi, 2006; Singh, 2013). Pinnatella alopecuroides (Mitt.) M. Fleisch. var. culcutensis (M. Fleisch.) Gangulee. Mosses E India 5: 1440. 1976. Urocladium calcutense Müll. Hal., J. Bot. 50: 152. 1912. Pinnatella calcutensis M. Fleisch., Hedwigia 45: 84. 1906. Gangetic plains (Lal, 2005 as Pinnatella 104 RAWAT et al. calcutensis M. Fleisch.) WEST BENGAL: Kolkata “Culcutta” (type of Urocladium calcutense, however, locality doubted by Gangulee 1974-78). Pinnatella calcutensis M. Fleisch. Pinnatella alopecuroides (Mitt.) M. Fleisch. var. culcutensis (M. Fleisch.) Gangulee Pohlia flexuosa Hook., Icon. Pl. Rar. 1: 19. 1836. WEST BENGAL: Kolkata (Gangulee, 1974-78; Lal, 2007). Semibarbula orientalis (F. Weber.) Wijk. & Margad, Taxon 8: 75. 1959. UTTAR PRADESH: Lucknow (Nath et al., 2010); Bengal plains (Gangulee, 1969-72). Splachnobryum bengalense Gangulee, Mosses E India 4:865. 1974. WEST BENGAL: Konnagar (Gangulee, 1974-78; Lal, 2007). Splachnobryum indicum Hampe & Müll. Hal.Splachnobryum obtusum (Brid.) Müll. Hal. Splachnobryum obtusum (Brid.) Müll. Hal., Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 19: 504. 1869. Splachnobryum indicum Hampe & Müll. Hal., Linnaea 37: 174. 1972. UTTAR PRADESH: Allahabad (Gangulee, 1974-78; Lal, 2007; Singh 2013; all as Splachnobryum indicum), Lakhimpur-Kheri, Pilibhit (Sahu and Asthana, 2015); WEST BENGAL: Hoogli, Howrah, Kolkata (Gangulee, 1974-78; Lal, 2007; Singh 2013; all as Splachnobryum indicum). Stereophyllum tavoyense (Hook. ex Harv.) A. Jaegr., Ber. Thätigk. St. Gallischen Naturwiss. Ges. 1877-78: 279. 1880. BIHAR: tropical plains (Gangulee, 1978-80; Lal, 2007) Stereophyllum wightii (Mitt.) A. Jaegr, Ber. Thätigk. St. Gallischen Naturwiss. Ges. 1877-78: 279. 1880. WEST BENGAL: Bengal plains, 24-pargana, Maldah (Gangulee, 1978-80; Lal, 2007) Syrrhopodon burmensis (Hamp.) Reese & Tan, Taxon 35(4): 693. 1986. Calymperes calcuttense Bartr. & Gangulee, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 60: 632. 1963. WEST ENGAL: Sonarpur near Kolkata (Gangulee 1969-72; type of Calymperes calcuttense). Taxithelium nepalense (Schwägr.) Broth., Monsunia 1: 51. 1899. WEST BENGAL: Kolkata, Howrah, Hoogli, Nadia (Gangulee, 1978-80; Lal, 2007). Trachyphyllum inflexum (Harvey) Gepp. in Hiren, Cat. Weln. Afr. Pl. 2, 21: 299. 1901. UTTAR PRADESH: Pilibhit (Sahu and Asthana, 2015). Trachypodopsis serrulata (P. Beauv.) Fleisch., Hedwigia 45: 67. 1906. WEST BENGAL: Kolkata (Chopra, 1975; Lal, 2007). Trematodon capillifolius Müll. Hal. ex G. Roth., Aussereur. Laubm. 296: 28. 1911. UTTAR PRADESH: Unnao (Shuklaganj), Kanpur (Jajmau), Raebareli (Dalmau) (Sinha et al., 1990; Lal, 2007). Urocladium calcutenseMüll. Hal. → Pinnatella alopecuroides (Hook.) Fleisch. var. culcutensis (M. Fleisch.) Gangulee Vesicularia montagnei (Schimp.) Broth., Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1(3): 1094. 1908. WEST BENGAL: Howrah, Kolkata (Gangulee, 1978-80; Lal, 2007). Weissia controversa Hedw., Spec. Musc. Frond. 67, 1801. UTTAR PRADESH: Shahjahanpur (Sahu and Asthana, 2015). Summary of Family wise representation of mosses of Gangetic plains: Archidiaceae: Archidium (1) Bartramiaceae: Bartramidula (1), Philonotis (3) CHECKLIST OF MOSSES OF GANGETIC PLAINS 105 Bruchiaceae: Trematodon (1) Bryaceae: Brachymenium (1), Bryum (3), Gemmabryum (1) Calymperaceae: Calymperes (1), Heliconema (1), Octoblepharum (1), Syrrhopodon (1) Dicranaceae: Dicranella (1) Ditrichaceae: Ceratodon (2), Garckea (2) Erpodiaceae: Aulacopilum (1), Erpodium (1) Fabroniaceae: Campylodontium (1) Fissidentaceae: Fissidens (19) Funariaceae: Entosthodon (2), Funaria (1), Physcomitrium (5) Hypnaceae: Glossadelphus (1), Vesicularia (1) Meteoriaceae: Diaphanodon (2), Trachypodopsis(1), Mniaceae: Pohlia (1) Neckeraceae: Pinnatella (1) Plaisiadelphaceae: Taxithelium (1) Pottiaceae: Barbula (2), Didymodon (1), Gymnostomiella (1), Gymnostomum (1) Hydrogonium (3), Hyophila (5), Semibarbula (1), Splachnobryum (2), Weissia (1) Pterigynandraceae: Trachyphyllum(1) Stereophyllaceae: Entodontopsis (1) Stereophyllum (2) Doubtful records: Barbula tenuirostris Brid., Bryol. Univ. 1: 826.1827. Lal (2005) listed it in Gangetic plains without locality, however, Aziz & Vohra (2008) did not reported its occurrence in Indian region. Ganguleea angulosa (Broth. & Dix.) Zander, Phytologia 65: 427.1989. UTTAR PRADESH: Lucknow (Bansal et al., 2015; reported without specimen number and herbarium name, which makes the record dubious) Excluded record: Archidium birmanicum var. pariharii Lal, in Nath & Asthana, Current Trends in Bryology, 133, 2008. UTTAR PRADESH: Allahabad, (Lal, 1995, 2007; Singh 2013) nom. inval. (ICN art.39.1, no Latin diagnosis; art. 40.1, no Type; art. 40.7, no Herbarium specified) Acknowledgements The authors are thankful to Drs. A.K. Asthana and Vinay Sahu, Bryology laboratory, CSIRNational Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow for their kind help during the study. KKR wishes to acknowledge the financial support from GAP-3356 by Ministry of Water Resources, Govt. of India. One of the authors (AA) is also grateful to Professor Aditya Shastri, Vice Chancellor, Banasthali Vidyapith and Professor Vinay Sharma, Dean, Faculty of Science and Technology, Banasthali University, Rajasthan, India, for their kind support for this research work. References Alam, A., Rawat, K.K., Verma, P.K., Sharma, V. and Sengupta D. 2015. Moss flora of Central India. Plant Science Today 2(4): 159-171. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14719/pst.2015.2.4.126 106 RAWAT et al. Aziz, N. and Vohra, J.N. 2008. Pottiaceae (Musci) of India. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun, India. Bansal, P., Srivastava, A. and Nath, V. 2015. Occurrrence of Ganguleea angulosa (Broth. & Dix.) Zand. in India. Geophytology 45(2): 273-276 Chopra, R.S. 1975. Taxonomy of India mosses. New Delhi, pp. 1-631, Erenstein, O., Hellin, J. and Chandra, P. 2007. Livelihood, poverty and targeting in the Indo-Gangetic Plains: a spatial mapping approach. CIMMYT and Rice-Wheat Consortium for the Indo-Gangetic Plains (RWC), New Delhi, India. Gangulee, H.C. 1969-72. Mosses of Eastern India and adjacent regions. vol. I, Culcutta, India. Gangulee, H.C. 1974-78. Mosses of Eastern India and adjacent regions. vol. II, Culcutta, India. Gangulee, H.C. 1978-80. Mosses of Eastern India and adjacent region. vol. III. Calcutta, India. Goffinet, B, Buck, W.R. and Shaw, A.J. 2008. Morphology and classification of Bryophyta. In: Bryophyte Biology, Goffinet, B and Shaw, A.J. (Eds.) 2nd edition, Cambridge University Press. pp. 55-138. Gupta, K.M. 1933. On the structure of a new species of Indian mosses Physcomitrellopsis indica Dixon, sp. nov. from Benaras. Journal of Indian Botanical Society 12: 122-128. Kumar, A. and Kazmi, S. 2004. Bryophytes from Unchahar, Raebareli, U.P. Geophytology 34: 121-123. Kumar, A. and Kazmi, S. 2006. Leaf area indices of mosses from Unchahar, Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh. Geophytology 36: 23-26. Kumar, A., Shukla, M.and Kumar, D. 2007. Effect of polluted water on chlorophyll concentration of Bryophytes growing in Raebareli. In: Nath, V. and Asthana, A.K. (Eds.), Current Trends in Bryology. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun, pp. 189-205. Lal, J. 1995. Archidium birmensis Dix. var. pariharii J. Lal var. nov. from Gangetic plain (Musci: Archidiaceae). National Conference on Bryology and Symposium on Recent Advances in Bryology, N.B.R.I., Lucknow, Abstract, pp. 87. Lal, J. 2005. A checklist of Indian Mosses. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, India. Lal, J. 2007. Mosses of Gangetic plains – A neglected Biogeographic zone of India. In: Nath, V. and Asthana, A.K. (Eds.), Current Trends in Bryology, Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun, India. pp. 131-147. Nath, V., Sinha, S., Sahu, V., Govind, G., Srivastava, M. and Asthana, A.K. 2010. A study on metal accumulation in two mosses of Lucknow (U.P.). Indian Journal of Applied and Pure Biology 25: 25-29. Pande, S.K. 1958. Some aspects of Indian Hepaticology. Journal of the Indian Botanical Society 37(1): 1-27. Rawat, K.K., Alam, A. and Verma, P.K. 2015. Moss flora of Rajasthan and Punjab plains. Plant Science Today 2(4): 154-158. Sahu, V. and Asthana, A.K. 2015. Bryophyte diversity in Terai regions of Uttar Pradesh, India with some new additions to the state. Tropical Plant Research 2(3): 180-191. Singh, M., Nath, V. and Kumar, A. 2005. The ecological studies on bryophytes, growing on the bank of polluted river Sai (Raebareli), India. Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences, India 75(B): 41-50 Singh, S.K. 2013. A checklist of liverworts, hornworts and mosses of Uttar Pradesh, India. Geophytology 42(2): 163-166. Singh, S.K. and Kumar, S. 2003. A note on bryophytes of Ram Nagri (Ayodhya), Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Phytotaxonomy 3: 108-111. Sinha, A.K., Pandey, D.C., Kumar, A. and Sinha, A. 1990. Moss flora of the banks of river Ganga between Shuklaganj (Unnao) and Kalakankar (Pratapgarh). Geophytology 20(1): 37-40. (Manuscript received on 6 April 2016; revised on 9 June 2016)

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Checklist of mosses (Bryophyta) of Gangetic Plains, India

Checklist of mosses (Bryophyta) of Gangetic Plains, India

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