Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde A, Neue Serie 2: 1–168; Stuttgart, 30.IV.2009.
Annotated checklist of the fish species (Pisces) of La Réunion,
including a Red List of threatened and declining species
Ronald Fricke, Thierry Mulochau, Patrick Durville, Pascale Chabanet, Emmanuel Tessier
& Yves Letourneur
Abstract
An annotated checklist of the fish species of La Réunion (southwestern Indian Ocean) comprises a total of 984
species in 164 families (including 16 species which are not native). 65 species (plus 16 introduced) occur in freshwater, with the Gobiidae as the largest freshwater fish family. 165 species (plus 16 introduced) live in transitional
waters. In marine habitats, 965 species (plus two introduced) are found, with the Labridae, Serranidae and Gobiidae
being the largest families; 56.7 % of these species live in shallow coral reefs, 33.7 % inside the fringing reef, 28.0 %
in shallow rocky reefs, 16.8 % on sand bottoms, 14.0 % in deep reefs, 11.9 % on the reef flat, and 11.1 % in estuaries.
63 species are first records for Réunion. Zoogeographically, 65 % of the fish fauna have a widespread Indo-Pacific
distribution, while only 2.6 % are Mascarene endemics, and 0.7 % Réunion endemics.
The classification of the following species is changed in the present paper: Anguilla labiata (Peters, 1852) [previously A. bengalensis labiata]; Microphis millepunctatus (Kaup, 1856) [previously M. brachyurus millepunctatus];
Epinephelus oceanicus (Lacepède, 1802) [previously E. fasciatus (non Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775)]; Ostorhinchus
fasciatus (White, 1790) [previously Apogon fasciatus]; Mulloidichthys auriflamma (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775)
[previously Mulloidichthys vanicolensis (non Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1831)]; Stegastes luteobrunneus (Smith, 1960) [previously S. fasciolatus (non Ogilby, 1889)].
Due to rapid economic and agricultural development and population growth during the past centuries and decades, the native fish fauna of Réunion is now highly threatened and needs urgent political action to ensure its
conservation. The marine fish species of Réunion are threatened by eutrophication/pollution, by overfishing and
poaching, by marine aquaculture, and by construction along the shore; additional regional threats include longranging marine eutrophication and pollution, destruction of coastal areas, marine acidification, and global warming. Freshwater habitats are threatened by eutrophication and pollution, by the construction of dams, weirs and
barrages, water abstraction for irrigation, gravel extraction from river beds, some special fisheries techniques (like
‘bichique’ fishing, including strong seasonal poaching pressure), introduction of exotic species, and aquaculture.
Out of a total of 968 native fish species of Réunion, 374 species (39.2 %) are on the Red List, with 18 species
regionally extinct (1.9 %), 27 species critically endangered (2.8 %), 115 species endangered (11.9 %), 160 species
vulnerable (16.6 %), 32 species near threatened (3.3 %), and 26 species threatened migrants (2.7 %). An additional
575 species are data deficient (59.4 %). 16 species have been introduced and are thus not native; they were not
evaluated for the Red List. Only the remaining 10 species in Réunion are not threatened. In addition to the Red List,
a list of taxa proposed for the Annexes II, IV and/or V of the EU Habitats Directive is presented. A set of measures
for the conservation of the Réunion fish fauna is proposed.
K e y w o r d s : Checklist, Red List, threatened and declining species, Pisces, marine, freshwater, transitional
waters, new records, Réunion, southwestern Indian Ocean, IUCN criteria, EU Habitats Directive, EU Water Framework Directive.
Zusammenfassung
Die Checkliste der Fische von Réunion (südwestlicher Indischer Ozean) enthält 984 Arten in 164 Familien (einschließlich 16 nicht einheimischen Arten). 65 Arten (sowie 16 eingeführte) leben im Süßwasser, mit den Gobiidae
als artenreichster Süßwasserfischfamilie. 165 Arten (sowie 16 eingeführte) leben in Übergangsgewässern (Brackwasser). Im Meer werden 965 Arten (sowie eine eingeführte) gefunden, mit den Labridae, Serranidae und Gobiidae
als artenreichste Familien. 56,7 % dieser Arten leben in seichten Korallenriffen, 33,7 % innerhalb des Saumriffes,
28,0 % in seichten Felsriffen, 16,8 % auf Sandböden, 14,0 % in tiefen Riffen, 11,9 % auf der Riffplattform, und
11,1 % in Ästuaren. 63 Arten werden zum ersten Mal in Réunion gefunden. Zoogeographisch haben 65 % der Fisch
arten eine großräumige indo-pazifische Verbreitung, während nur 2,6 % endemisch bei den Maskarenen und 0,7 %
endemisch in Réunion sind.
Die Klassifikation der folgenden Arten wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit geändert: Anguilla labiata (Peters,
1852) [bisher A. bengalensis labiata]; Microphis millepunctatus (Kaup, 1856) [bisher M. brachyurus millepunctatus]; Epinephelus oceanicus (Lacepède, 1802) [bisher E. fasciatus (non Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775)]; Ostorhinchus
fasciatus (White, 1790) [bisher Apogon fasciatus]; Mulloidichthys auriflamma (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) [bisher
Mulloidichthys vanicolensis (non Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1831)]; Stegastes luteobrunneus (Smith,
1960) [bisher S. fasciolatus (non Ogilby, 1889)].
Durch die schnelle ökonomische und landwirtschaftliche Entwicklung und das starke Bevölkerungswachstum
in Réunion während der letzten Jahrhunderte und Jahrzehnte ist die Fischfauna inzwischen stark gefährdet und
benötigt dringend politische Maßnahmen, um erhalten zu bleiben. Die marine Fischfauna wird durch Verschmut-
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Neue Serie 2
zung und Eutrophierung aus einfließenden Flüssen und Küstenstädten gefährdet, sowie durch Überfischung und
Fischwilderei, marine Aquakultur (Verschmutzung, Eutrophierung und entwichenes Fischmaterial), Baumaßnahmen entlang der Küste (Hotels und Erweiterung der Küstenstädte sowie Bau von Küstenstraßen), marine Wasserversauerung und globale Erwärmung. Auch im Süßwasser sind die meisten Flüsse in ihren Unterläufen eutrophiert
und verschmutzt. Weitere Gefährdungsursachen bestehen im Bau von Wehren und Staudämmen, in Wasserentnahme zur Bewässerung von Feldern, Kiesentnahme, Fischerei und Fischwilderei, Einführen gebietsfremder Arten
und Süßwasser-Aquakultur.
Von 968 einheimischen Fischarten von Réunion stehen 378 auf der Roten Liste (39,2 %), mit 18 regional ausgestorbenen Arten (1,9 %), 27 vom Aussterben bedrohten (2,8 %), 115 stark gefährdeten (11,9 %), 160 gefährdeten
(16,6 %), 32 potenziell gefährdeten Arten (3,3 %) und 26 gefährdeten Wanderfischen (2,7 %). Bei weiteren 575
Arten ist die Datenlage unklar (59,4 %); 16 Arten sind nicht heimisch. Nur die übrigen 10 Arten werden derzeit als
nicht gefährdet betrachtet. Zusätzlich zur Roten Liste wird eine Liste von Taxa zur Erweiterung der Annexe II, IV
und V der EU-FFH-Richtlinie vorgeschlagen. Ebenso werden allgemeine Empfehlungen zum Schutz der Fischfauna von Réunion gegeben.
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3
4
5
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7
Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Methods and Materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Annotated checklist and Red List of fish species of Réunion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
The fish fauna of Réunion and its endemism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Conservation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
1 Introduction
La Réunion, is the westernmost island of the Mascarenes, situated approximately 800 km east of Madagascar; other Mascarene islands are Mauritius (150 km ENE
of Réunion), and Rodrigues (600 km ENE of Mauritius).
Réunion (Fig. 1) is a relatively young island with two high
volcanic mountain ranges (the southeastern range bearing
an active volcano), raising to an altitude of 3070 m, and
covering a total area of 2512 km 2. Except for a few narrow
fringing coral reefs in the west and southwest, nowhere
further than 500 m from the shore, most shores are either
rocky or covered with gravel, often exposed to high surf.
As the island is basically a large volcano situated on a
submarine hotspot, the island slopes are steeply descending into the deep sea.
Arab sailors formerly called the island Adna Al
Maghribain (“Western Island”). The first Europeans to
explore the Mascarenes were Portuguese in July 1500
(Diogo Dias); the group was named after Don Pedro Mas
carenhas, another Portuguese explorer who visited the
islands in 1512–1516. The Portuguese found the island
uninhabited, and named it Santa Apollonia, after Saint
Apollonia. The island was then occupied by France, and
later administered from Port Louis, Mauritius. Although
the French flag was hoisted by François Cauche in 1638,
Santa Apollonia was officially claimed by Jacques Pronis
of France in 1642, when he deported a dozen French mutineers to the island from Madagascar. The convicts were
returned to France several years later, and in 1649, the island was named Île Bourbon after the royal house. The
island’s name was changed into Île de la Réunion in 1793,
after the French Revolution, and then again to Île Bonaparte
(1801–1810). After a French-British war in the Indian
Ocean (1800–1810), Isle-de-France and Rodrigues (the
former now named Mauritius) were given to Britain in
1814 (as a result of the Vienna Congress, 1814/1815, ending
the Napoleonic wars), while the Île Bonaparte remained
French (again named ‘Réunion’ since 1848). The latter
became a French overseas department (Département
d’outre mer) in 1946, and is since 2003 a French overseas
region (Région d’outre mer), as an integral part of the European Union.
Since the late 18th century, fish specimens collected in
Réunion and Mauritius went to Paris. They were mainly
collected by P. Commerson (1768–1773), J.-B. L. T. Les
chenault de la Tour (1818), L. A. G. Bosc (1826), T. Del
isle (1829), J. Desjardins (1834–1840), and J.-J. Dussumier
(1830–1835); biographies see Whitehead & Bauchot
(1985: 53–64) and Bauchot et al. (1990: 53–136). In Paris,
the material was principally studied by Lacepède, Cuvier
and Valenciennes. Many species were described in the
five volumes of the Histoire Naturelle des Poissons by
Lacepède (1798–1803), and later in the 22 volumes under
the same title by Cuvier & Valenciennes between 1828
and 1850. Prior to 1850, the Mascarenes (besides South
Africa) were the area ichthyologically known best in the
Indian Ocean. The first attempt to publish a checklist of
the fishes known from the islands was that of Guichenot
(1863) who recorded 326 nominal species from Réunion.
In their checklist of the fishes of Zanzibar, Playfair &
Günther (1867) listed 103 nominal species from Réunion.
Bleeker (1874) refers to 361 nominal species of fishes
from Réunion (including five new species); however,
Bleeker used many synonyms, and his list contained double, triple and quatruple references to single species. Sau
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
3
Figs. 1–2. Study area. – 1. La Réunion, indicating rivers and streams, as well as the coral reef (dotted line). 2. Extent of the EEZ
(Exclusive Economic Zone) of La Réunion (based on Anonymus 2006b).
4
(1891), in his natural history of the fishes of Madagascar, recorded 87 nominal species of fishes from
Réunion.
Since the 1950s, many groups of Indo-Pacific fishes
have been revised. As a result, we know that earlier lists
included numerous misidentifications of species. There
are also several duplications of names due to the older authors not knowing that males and females of some fishes
have very different colour phases, and that some juveniles
may be strikingly different in colour from adults. Sexual
dichromatism is particularly common among the wrasses
(Labridae) and the parrotfishes (Scaridae).
Blanc & Postel (1958) reported on a collection of
fishes from Réunion (71 nominal species), which was rediscovered by the first author of the present monograph in
the collection of the MNHN in 1998. Guézé & Four
manoir (1960) and Fourmanoir & Guézé (1961a, 1961b,
1962a, 1962b, 1963) compiled a catalogue of 226 nominal,
mainly commercially used fish species from Réunion.
Harmelin-Vivien (1976) listed 258 nominal species of
fishes from Réunion. Fricke (1999) presented an annotated checklist of the fishes of the Mascarenes, recording 868
species from Réunion (including 132 new records), with a
total Mascarene ichthyofauna of 1123 species. He also
discussed the zoogeography of the Mascarenes. K eith et
al. (1999) revised the freshwater fish fauna of Réunion and
distinguished 22 native and five introduced species. Le
tourneur et al. (2004) published an updated checklist of
the marine fishes of La Réunion with 28 new records, including 885 species, and provided an ecological characterisation of the fish species. During an eruption of the
Piton de la Fournaise volcano in April 2007, 34 additional
species were recorded from the island, including undescribed species (Durville et al. submitted).
The most recent checklists of the other Mascarene islands are by Fricke (1999) for Mauritius (992 species) and
Rodrigues (254 species), and by Heemstra et al. (2004) for
Rodrigues (493 species). The relatively low Rodrigues fish
species number is partly due to less collecting effort compared with Mauritius and Réunion, but also due to the remote and isolated position of this island.
Several museums hold important collections of fishes
from Réunion. The largest collections are housed at the
MNHN (Paris), SMNS (Stuttgart), MHNRUN (SaintDenis), LEMUR (Saint-Denis), and BPBM (Honolulu).
Approximately 75 % of the species recorded in the present
paper are based on specimens in collections, including
material collected by the authors; the remaining species
are either based on visual records, published revisions, or
(in a few cases) historical checklists.
The present paper provides an updated list of all fish
species occurring in Réunion, their distribution, habitats,
threat and decline status to form a basis for future conservation in the context of La Réunion regional legislation,
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Neue Serie 2
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
French national legislation, the EU Habitats Directive and
the EU Water Framework Directive.
Acknowledgements
Many colleagues have contributed in various ways to improve this checklist. We would especially like to thank the following individuals for sending specimens on loan, providing
information or identifications, or giving permission to examine
specimens in their care: O. Crimmen, J. Maclaine, N. Merrett
(BMNH); J. E. R andall, A. Y. Suzumoto (BPBM); M. Taquet
(IFREMER, Le Port, Réunion); C. Conand (LEMUR; now retired); S. R ibes (MHNRUN); M.-L. Bauchot, M. Desoutter, G.
Duhamel, J.-C. Hureau (MNHN); B. B. Collette (National
Marine Fisheries Service, USNM, Washington DC); R. Ga
jeelee (NHMI); B. H erzig (NMW); K. Murphy, D. G. Smith,
V. G. Springer, J. T. Williams (USNM); P. R. Møller, J. G.
Nielsen (ZMUC). M. Parmentier (Réunion) gave information
on personal observations. G. Marquet (Réunion) provided an
unpublished checklist of the freshwater fishes of Réunion. We
are grateful to B. B. Collette (USNM), P. C. Heemstra (SAIAB),
T. McClanahan (Wildlife Conservation Society, New York
Aquarium, New York, USA) and R. Winterbottom (Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Canada) for comments on the manuscript.
We thank S. Petri (Librarian, SMNS), who supported this
study over the years facilitating numerous inter-library loans of
scientific literature. W. Owadally (Chairman, Royal Society of
Arts and Sciences of Mauritius, M. S. I. R. I., Le Réduit, Mauritius) provided access to historical Mauritian literature in his
care. Numerous people assisted in the field or made collecting
permits possible. In special appreciation of the latter, the first
author would like to mention E. de Chavanes (Directeur, Directoire Régionale et Départementale des Affaires Maritimes,
Saint-Denis, Réunion).
The first author is grateful to the German Research Council
(DFG) for financial support of research trips to the Mascarenes
in 1995 and 1998/1999.
The authors and the editor of the journal are grateful to J. E.
R andall (Hawai’i) for providing a photo of Acanthurus polyzona as the cover picture for this volume.
2 Methods and Materials
All species known to occur naturally in La Réunion are
listed in the present paper. Introduced species which are not autochthonous to La Réunion are also listed, but are not evaluated
for the Red List. The previous checklists of Fricke (1999) and
Letourneur et al. (2004) are taken as a baseline; the taxonomy,
however, was updated, and additional records were added. Records from Réunion are based on species names; a first record
means that a species is recorded for the first time under this
name, even if it was misidentified before. The taxonomic classification mainly follows Eschmeyer & Fricke (2008); if not, the
source of the classification is given as a remark. Most of the
English names follow Froese & Pauly (2008).
The checklist and Red List of the fishes of Réunion covers
the whole area of Réunion including the Exclusive Economic
Zone (EEZ) (Fig. 2). All species known from this area are listed,
including deep sea species, pelagic offshore species, and introduced species. The native ichthyofauna of La Réunion is here
defined as including all species naturally occurring in the area;
if a species was introduced by human activities, this is indicated
in the list. Specimens which could not be identified to the species level are not included in the checklist, unless they are the
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
only representatives of their family. Species are grouped under
their family names; families are presented in taxonomical order
following Nelson (2006), species within a family in alphabetical
order. An asterisk notes a species endemic to Réunion. Taxonomic comments are provided as appropriate, including synonyms that were used for the species in Réunion. Subspecies are
no longer recognised in the present paper; former subspecific
taxa are either considered as valid species or synonymised, in
order to fulfil the needs of conservation as subspecific names
have previously caused much confusion. In the ‘Distribution’
section, the distribution of each species around the islands of the
southwestern Indian Ocean is indicated, starting with the Mascarenes, then listing Madagascar and the Comores, followed by
other islands in a clockwise order towards Cargados Carajos. If
a species occurs only occasionally in the area as a migrant or has
been introduced, this is indicated as well. The main habitat(s) are
indicated for each species, including a depth range for marine
species. It is also stated if a species occurs in freshwater, transitional water, and/or marine water, which is of special relevance
for the application of the EU Water Framework Directive
(Anonymus 2000b) under which freshwater and transitional water fish species are to be regularly monitored. Finally, the geographic distribution of the species outside the southwestern Indian Ocean, habitat and depth are given, based on various sources, including revisions, checklists and own observations.
Habitats of the species are also given; in the case of shallow
fringing coral reefs, species occurring on the reef flat, in the lagoon and in tidal pools are also separately recorded.
5
Red list categories were used as published by IUCN (Anonymus 2001, 2003, 2005). The present red list is using the categories EX (extinct) and EW (extinct in the wild; both not relevant
for this paper), RE (regionally extinct), CR (critically endangered), EN (endangered), VU (vulnerable), NT (near threatened), LC (least concern), DD (data deficient) and NE (not evaluated); the latter three categories are not considered in Red List
evaluations. For marine fishes with large distribution ranges, the
additional category TM (threatened migrants) is used, which is
defined as a species that would fall under the categories EN or
CR but occurs in the area only as a straggler, and where the main
threat may occur outside the area. Some threatened migrants
have extremely wide distribution ranges and are stragglers
throughout their ranges.
For prioritising species that need urgent action, the ‘Conservation Cube’ model used by OSPAR (Anonymus 2000a) and
HELCOM (Fricke 2007) is applied in the present paper. Threats
to the fish species are assessed; they fall into the categories
listed and explained in Tab. 1.
The use of the terms ‘global importance’ and ‘local importance’ follows OSPAR (Anonymus 2000a) and HELCOM
(Fricke 2007); the terms are defined in Tab. 2. ‘Rarity’ and ‘sensitivity’ are defined in Tab. 3. A ‘keystone species’ is defined as
a species which has a controlling influence on a community, following Anonymus (2000a: 10, Appendix 5). For example, members of the family Istiophoridae are here classified as keystone
species as their presence has a controlling influence on the
population of Remora brachyptera, and on several specialised
Tab. 1. Main threats for threatened and declining species of fishes in Réunion, ordered by importance of the criteria.
Threat
Description
abbreviation
FIT
Fishery (target species)
FIB
Fishery (bycatch)
HAB
EUT
CON
AQU
PRL
PAR
HOS
Definition
A species that is commercially exploited as a target species.
A species that is not regularly commercially exploited, but frequently caught as bycatch
in fisheries.
Habitat loss
A species that is threatened by a loss of its habitat (silted sand bottoms due to
eutrophication, disappearing seagrass beds, coral reef degradation, etc.).
Eutrophication/pollution
A species that is threatened by effects of eutrophication (nutrient-rich water, oxygen
deficiency, etc.), or various effects of organic or inorganic pollution, such as oil spills,
various chemicals, hormones etc.
Construction/weirs/dams in A migratory species that is threatened inland by construction measures in rivers and
rivers and streams
streams, e. g. weirs, dams.
Aquaculture/introduction
A species that is threatened by aquaculture or introduction (change of genetics;
competition by introduced species).
Prey loss
A species that is threatened by the loss of the main prey species.
Parasites
A species that is threatened by health problems due to parasites.
Loss of host species
A species that is threatened by the loss of the main host species.
Tab. 2. Definitions of localnesss (global and local importance) and guidance on selection criteria.
Criterion
Global
importance
Local
importance
Definition and Guidance
Global importance of the Réunion population(s) for a species. Importance on a global scale, of Réunion, for the
species is when a high proportion of a species at any time of the life cycle occurs in Réunion. – ‘High proportion’ is
considered to be more than 75 % (of the world populations), when known.
Importance within Réunion, of the regions for the species where a high proportion of the total population of a
species within Réunion for any part of its life cycle is restricted to a small number of locations in Réunion. – ‘High
proportion’ is considered to be 90 % of the population in a small number of locations of 50 km × 50 km grid squares.
This is dependent on scientific judgement regarding natural abundance, range or extent and adequacy of recording.
A different scale may be needed for different taxa.
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Tab. 3. Definitions of rarity and sensitivity and guidance on selection criteria.
Rarity criterion
Rare
Definition and Guidance
A species is rare if the total population is small. In case of a species that is sessile or of restricted mobility
at any time of its life cycle, a species is rare if it occurs in a limited number of locations in Réunion, and
in relatively low numbers. In case of a highly mobile species, the total population size will determine
rarity. – ‘A limited number of locations’ could be in a small number of 50 km × 50 km grid squares, but a
different scale may be needed for different taxa. This is dependent on scientific judgement regarding natural
abundance, range or extent and adequacy of recording.
Sensitivity criteria
Very sensitive
species
Definition and Guidance
A ‘very sensitive’ species is one if very easily adversely affected by a human activity, and/or if affected is
expected only to recover over a very long period, or not at all. – A ‘very long period’ may be considered
to be more than 25 years. Sensitivity to human activities is measured by (a) life history characteristics; (b)
dependence on other specific ecological attributes e. g. restricted/specific habitat requirements
A ‘sensitive’ species is one if easily adversely affected by a human activity, and/or if affected is expected to
recover in a long period. – A ‘long period’ may be considered to be in the range of 5 to 25 years. Sensitivity
as above.
Sensitive species
Tab. 4. Guidance on decline as a selection criterion for species.
Criterion
Extirpated
(= Extinct)
Severe decline
Significant
decline
Regional
significant
decline
Probable decline
Guidance
A population of a species formerly occurring in aquatic habitats is defined as extirpated
● if it was still occurring in the area at any time during the last 100 years.
● and if there is a high probability, or it has been proved, that the last individuals have since died or moved
away
● or if surveys in the area have repeatedly failed to record a living individual in its former range and/or known
or expected habitats at appropriate times (taking into account diurnal, seasonal, annual patterns of behaviour)
for at least 10 years.
A population of species occurring in aquatic habitats is defined as severely declined
● if individual numbers show an extremely high and rapid decline in the area over an appropriate time frame, or
the species has already disappeared from the major part of its former range in the area
● or if individual numbers are at a severely low level due to a long continuous and distinct general decline in the
past.
Means a considerable decline in number, extent or quality beyond the natural variability and in an appropriate
frame for that species
Significant decline in two or more Réunion regions, but not in its whole distribution range within Réunion.
High probability of a significant decline in number, extent or quality in the future.
Tab. 5. Application of the ‘Conservation Cube’ approach for the selection of priority species. – Step 2. Species grouped on decline
into high (H), medium (M) and low (L) priorities (Anonymus 2000a: 10, Appendix 5).
GREEN
AMBER
RED
Stable
population
Probable
decline
L
M
H
M
M
H
Regional
significant
decline
L
H
H
parasite species. In another example, the deep demersal species
Neoscopelus macrolepidotus was classified as a keystone species as this common species is a major food item for deep demersal predators, controlling their populations.
An important selection criterion for species that is used to
finally classify priorities is decline (Anonymus 2000a: 2, Ap-
Significant
decline
Severe decline
Extinct
Not known
L
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
L
M
H
pendix 1). Decline here means an observed or indicated significant decline in numbers, extent or quality (quality refers to life
history parameters). The decline may be historic, recent or current. ‘Significant’ need not be in a statistical sense. Decline parameters are listed in Tab. 4. If population data of a species are
inadequate, but the species is restricted to a certain habitat with
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
7
Fig. 3. Application scheme for ‘Conservation Cube’ approach for the selection of species. – Species are first grouped on localness
(see Tab. 2), rarity and sensitivity (see Tab. 3) (considering keystone species) into red, amber and green lists (see Fig. 4); they are then
grouped on decline into high, medium and low priorities (see Tab. 5) (Anonymus 2000a: 10, Appendix 5).
Fig. 4. Application of the ‘Conservation Cube’ approach for the selection of priority species. – Step 1. Grouping of species on localness, rarity and sensitivity (considering keystone species) into red, amber and green lists. Red is represented by dark grey shaded
cubes, amber by light grey shaded cubes, green by white cubes (Anonymus 2000a: 10, Appendix 5).
good available decline data, then the decline of the species is
estimated from the habitat decline.
The prioritisation procedure follows the scheme used by
OSPAR and HELCOM (cited above). Beginning with a list of all
species, the selection criteria ‘localness’, ‘rarity’ and ‘sensitivity’ are used together to establish whether a species should be
considered to be on a ‘red’, ‘amber’ or ‘green’ list (Figs. 3–4,
Tab. 5). Where a species is considered to be a ‘keystone species’
then the probability of being red listed is increased. The criteria
decline is then used as the final selector to establish whether a
species is listed as a low, medium or high priority for conservation action. The criterion ‘sensitivity to human impacts’ is used
to inform what conservation action may be appropriate (in effect
‘ranking’ species on the list). Finally, those species which are of
‘global importance’ are ‘starred’ in a similar fashion to habitats
and species listed in the EU Habitats Directive. Testing the criteria will help to refine the priorities used in the decline table,
resulting in low, medium or high priorities.
Out of the high priority species, a selection is proposed as
candidate species for the Annexes II, IV and/or V of the EU
Habitats Directive (Anonymus 1992).
EU
FAO
HELCOM
IUCN
OSPAR
Abbreviations
European Union (http://europa.eu/)
Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United
Nations (http://www.fao.org/)
Helsinki Commission (Baltic Sea Environment
Protection Commission) (http://www.helcom.
fi/)
The World Conservation Union (http://www.iucn.
org/)
OSPAR (Oslo-Paris) Commission for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the NorthEast Atlantic (http://www.ospar.org/)
8
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
Repositories
The Natural History Museum [formerly: British
Museum (Natural History)], London, UK
BPBM
Bishop Museum [formerly: Bernice P. Bishop Museum], Honolulu, Hawai’i, USA
LEMUR
Laboratoire d’Écologie Marine, Université de La
Réunion, Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France
MHNG
Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, Genève, Switzerland
MHNRUN Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, Saint-Denis, La
Réunion, France
MNHN
Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris,
France
NHMI
Natural History Museum and Institute, Port Louis,
Mauritius
NMW
Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria
NSMT
National Science Museum, Tokyo, Japan
RMNH
Naturalis – Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum
[formerly: Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie], Leiden, Netherlands
SAIAB
South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity,
National Research Foundation, Grahamstown
[formerly: Rhodes University, J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology], South Africa
SMF
Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Senckenberg, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
SMNS
Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Stuttgart,
Germany
USNM
Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington DC, USA
ZMUC
Zoologisk Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark
BMNH
Neue Serie 2
L a m n i d a e – Mackerel sharks
Carcharodon carcharias (Linnaeus, 1758) – Great white shark;
Grand requin blanc
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 14–15).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Transitional water and marine. Found near coral or rocky reefs, or pelagic, also entering estuaries, at depths of 0–1280 m. Outside the area,
worldwide in warm temperate seas.
Conservation. Critically endangered in Réunion (CR). Threats:
FIT, FIB, PRL. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities.
Keystone species. Severe decline. High priority for conservation action. Listed on Appendix II of the Bern Convention
(Anonymus 1979); CITES Appendix III, since 28 May 2003;
CMS Appendices I and II (Anonymus 2004). Proposed for
Annexes II and IV of the EU Habitats Directive, as a prioritary species.
Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1810 – Shortfin mako;
Taupe bleu
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Compagno (1984b:
2 unnumbered pp.).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found near
coral or rocky reefs, or pelagic, at depths of 0–750 m, usually
in the upper 150 m. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical
and temperate seas.
Conservation. Threatened migrant in Réunion (TM). Threats:
FIT, FIB. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline.
Low priority for conservation action.
T r i a k i d a e – Smooth-hound sharks
3 Annotated checklist and Red List of the fish species
of Réunion
A l o p i i d a e – Thresher sharks
Alopias superciliosus (Lowe, 1841) – Bigeye thresher; Renard à
gros yeux
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 15–16).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Pelagic, at
depths of 0–500 m. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical
and temperate seas.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIB, PRL.
Sensitive to human activities. Severe decline. Low priority
for conservation action. Highly migratory species, listed on
Annex I of the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea
(Anonymus 1994).
Alopias vulpinus (Bonnaterre, 1788) – Thintail thresher; Loup
de mer (Réunion), faux (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C31)
as A. vulpes; record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 16), based
on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Transitional water and marine. Pelagic, at depths of 0–550 m. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical and temperate seas.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Listed as vulnerable by IUCN (Fowler 2006). Threats: FIB, PRL. Sensitive to
human activities. Severe decline. Low priority for conservation action. Highly migratory species, listed on Annex I of
the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea (Anonymus
1994).
Mustelus mosis Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1899 – Hard-nosed
smooth-hound; Émissole d’Arabie
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on a photographed
specimen collected by local fishermen, off Saint-Paul, 200 m
depth, 2006 (T. Mulochau, P. Durville).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Demersal, at
depths of 20–250 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and
South Africa east to Sri Lanka.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
FIB. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
C a r c h a r h i n i d a e – Requiem sharks
Carcharhinus albimarginatus (Rüppell, 1837) – Silvertip shark;
Requin pointe blanche
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur et al.
(2004: 204). Taxonomic decision of R andall (2005: 9).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found inshore and offshore, mainly
associated with coral reefs, at depths of 0–150 m. Outside the
area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Panama, north to
southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to northern
Australia, New Caledonia and Tuamotu Archipelago.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, FIB,
PRL. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to
Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to
avoid ciguatera poisoning.
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos (Bleeker, 1856) – Grey reef shark;
Requin dagsit
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Compagno (1984a:
2 unnumbered pp.; record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 18,
21–22) under the names C. amblyrhynchos and C. wheeleri
Garrick, 1982, based on MNHN material. Taxonomic decision of R andall (2005: 9).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on coral reefs, often in deeper areas near
drop-offs to the open sea, and in shallow lagoons adjacent to
areas of strong currents, as well as over deeper rocky reefs,
at depths of 1–275 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East
Africa east to Marquesas and Easter islands, north to South
China Sea and Hawaiian Islands, south to Lord Howe and
Norfolk islands.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, FIB.
Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant
decline. High priority for conservation action. Banned from
commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 062412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid cigua
tera poisoning.
Carcharhinus brevipinna (Müller & Henle, 1839) – Spinner
shark; Requin tisserand
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Compagno (1984a:
2 unnumbered pp).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found associated with reefs, on continental and
insular shelves from close inshore to offshore, at depths of
0–100 m. Outside the area, in tropical and warm temperate
waters of the Atlantic and Indo-West Pacific.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, FIB.
Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant
decline. High priority for conservation action. Banned from
commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 062412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid cigua
tera poisoning.
Carcharhinus falciformis (Müller & Henle [ex Bibron], 1839) –
Silky shark; Requin soyeux
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on specimens collected by local fishermen 20 miles west of Réunion, in 2005
(P. Durville, E. Tessier, T. Mulochau).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra. Marine species. Pelagic or near rocky or coral reefs,
at depths of 18–500 m. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical oceans.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, FIB.
Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant
decline. High priority for conservation action.
Carcharhinus leucas (Müller & Henle [ex Valenciennes], 1839)
– Bull shark; Requin bouledogue
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on visual census
in collaboration with local fishermen, in Saint-Paul Bay, at
50 m depth, in 2005 (P. Durville, T. Mulochau, E. Tessier).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Fresh water,
transitional water, and marine. In coastal waters, estuaries
and lower reaches of rivers. Outside the area, worldwide in
tropical oceans.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
FIB. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
9
Carcharhinus limbatus (Valenciennes in Müller & Henle, 1839)
– Blacktip shark; Requin bordé
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Compagno (1984a:
2 unnumbered pp).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Transitional water and marine. Found inshore and offshore, off river mouths
and estuaries, muddy bays, mangrove swamps, lagoons, and
coral reef drop-offs, bottom associated or pelagic, at depths
of 0–64 m. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical and warm
temperate seas.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, FIB.
Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant
decline. High priority for conservation action. Banned from
commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 062412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid cigua
tera poisoning.
Carcharhinus longimanus (Poey, 1861) – Oceanic whitetip
shark; Requin à aileron blanc (Réunion), Requin océanique
(France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Compagno (1984a:
2 unnumbered pp).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores. Marine species.
Found in deep water but sometimes comes close to shore, at
depths of 0–180 m. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical
seas.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, FIB.
Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant
decline. High priority for conservation action.
Carcharhinus melanopterus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) – Blacktip reef shark; Requin à pointes noires
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 20).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles. Freshwater, transitional water and marine. Found in
shallow water close inshore on coral reefs and on reef flats,
near reef drop-offs and close offshore, also in mangrove
areas and in freshwater of estuaries and lower reaches of rivers, at depths of 0–80 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and
South Africa east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn Group,
north to Taiwan, south to Queensland/Australia and New
Caledonia.
Conservation. Regionally extinct in Réunion (RE); not seen
since 1995 (Letourneur et al. 2004: 207). Threats: FIT, FIB,
PRL. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to
Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to
avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Carcharhinus plumbeus (Nardo, 1827) – Sandbar shark; Requin
gris
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Compagno (1984a:
2 unnumbered pp).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Walters Shoal.
Transitional water and marine. Found inshore and offshore,
on continental and insular shelves and adjacent deep water,
in bays, river mouths and in harbours, at depths of 0–280 m.
Outside the area, worldwide in tropical and warm temperate
waters.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, FIB.
Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial exploitation in
La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poisoning.
10
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
Carcharhinus sorrah (Valenciennes in Müller & Henle, 1839) –
Spottail shark; Requin tacheté
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Compagno (1984a:
2 unnumbered pp).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found near reefs, sometimes offshore, at depths
of 0–140 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Solomon Islands and northern Vanuatu, north to
Taiwan, south to New South Wales/Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
FIB. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Significant decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion
due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a),
as to avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Galeocerdo cuvier (Péron & LeSueur in LeSueur, 1822) – Tiger
shark; Requin tigre
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Compagno (1984a:
2 unnumbered pp); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 22),
based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Freshwater, transitional water
and marine. Found in river estuaries, off wharves and jetties
in harbours, and in coral lagoons, at depths of 0–140 m. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical and warm temperate
seas.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
FIB. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to
Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to
avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Loxodon macrorhinus Müller & Henle, 1839 – Sliteye shark;
Requin sagrin
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on a photographed
specimen collected by local fishermen, off Saint-Paul, at
100 m depth, in 2006 (P. Durville, T. Mulochau).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Demersal, at depths of 7–100 m. Outside the
area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to New Guinea,
north to southern Japan, south to northern New South Wales/
Australia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
FIB. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Prionace glauca (Linnaeus, 1758) – Blue shark; Requin bleu
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Compagno (1984a:
2 unnumbered pp); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 23),
based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Pelagic, oceanic but may be found
close inshore, at depths of 1–350 m. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical and temperate waters.
Conservation. Threatened migrant in Réunion (TM). Threats:
FIT, FIB. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Triaenodon obesus (Rüppell, 1837) – Whitetip reef shark, blunthead shark; Requin corail
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Compagno (1984a:
2 unnumbered pp).
Neue Serie 2
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in lagoons and seaward reefs
where it is often resting in caves or under coral ledges during
the day, or on a sand patch, or in a channel. Outside the area,
Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Panama, north to
Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to New South Wales/
Australia, New Caledonia and Austral Islands.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, FIB.
Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant
decline. High priority for conservation action. Banned from
commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 062412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid cigua
tera poisoning.
S p h y r n i d a e – Hammerhead sharks
Sphyrna mokarran (Rüppell, 1837) – Great hammerhead shark;
Grand requin-marteau
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Compagno (1984d:
2 unnumbered pp); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 24–
25), based on MHNRUN material. A record from Réunion
by Letourneur et al. (2004: 204, underwater observations
and photos) was based on a second species of Sphyrna, either
S. lewini (Griffith & Smith, 1834) or S. zygaena (Linnaeus,
1758).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species.
Pelagic, semi-oceanic, found close inshore and well offshore, including reef passes and lagoons, at depths of
1–300 m. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical and warm
temperate seas.
Conservation. Threatened migrant in Réunion (TM). Threats:
FIT, FIB. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to
Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to
avoid ciguatera poisoning.
D a l a t i i d a e – Sleeper sharks
Centroscymnus crepidater (Barbosa Bocage & Brito Capello,
1864) – Longnose velvet dogfish; Pailona à long nez
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 25),
based on MNHN and MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Aldabra. Marine species. Bathydemersal
on the slope, at depths of 230–1500 m. Outside the area,
worldwide in tropical and warm temperate seas.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
FIB. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low
priority for conservation action.
Euprotomicrus bispinatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) – Pygmy
shark; Squale pygmée
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Compagno (1984e:
90–91); previously listed by Bleeker (1874: 68), under the
name E. Labordii.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Epi-, meso-,
and bathypelagic, migrating vertically, occurring near the
surface at night, at depths of 0–1800 m. Outside the area,
worldwide in temperate seas, rarely tropical seas.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
FIB. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low
priority for conservation action.
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
H e x a n c h i d a e – Cow sharks
Heptranchias perlo (Bonnaterre, 1788) – Sharpnose sevengill
shark
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur et al.
(2004: 204).
Distribution. Réunion, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species.
Bathydemersal, at depths of 0–1000 m. Outside the area,
circumglobal in tropical and warm temperate seas.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
FIB. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Decline unknown. Medium priority for conservation action.
Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to
Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to
avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Hexanchus nakamurai Teng, 1962 – Bigeye sixgill shark; Griset
(Réunion), requin vache (France)
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion; previously listed by
Fricke (1999: 12) as H. vitulus, by Guichenot (1863: C31),
Letourneur et al. (2004: 204) and others as H. griseus (non
Bonnaterre, 1788). Taxonomic decision of Compagno (2003:
376).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found on
continental and insular shelves and upper slopes, at depths of
90–600 m, usually on or near bottom, may move to the surface at night. Outside the area, circumglobal in tropical and
warm temperate seas.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
FIB. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Decline unknown. Medium priority for conservation action.
Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to
Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to
avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Remarks. A second species of Hexanchus was observed in
Réunion, but was not identified to the species level.
R h i n c o d o n t i d a e – Whale sharks
Rhincodon typus (Smith, 1828) – Whale shark; Requin baleine
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Compagno (1984c:
2 unnumbered pp).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Seychelles. Marine species.
Pelagic, at depths of 0–700 m. Rare. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical seas.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIB. Very
sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant
decline. High priority for conservation action. Listed on
CMS Appendix II (Anonymus 2004). Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/
SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poisoning.
G i n g l y m o s t o m a t i d a e – Nurse sharks
Nebrius ferrugineus (Lesson, 1831) – Tawny nurse shark; Requin-nourice fauve
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 14),
based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found on or
near the bottom in lagoons or along the outer edges of coral
and rocky reefs, sandy areas near reefs and off sandy beaches, at depths of 1–70 m. Outside the area, South Africa, Red
Sea and islands in western Indian Ocean east to Society Is-
11
lands, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia
and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
C e n t r o p h o r i d a e – Gulper sharks
Centrophorus moluccensis Bleeker, 1860 – Smallfin gulper
shark
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by R ibes-Beaudemoulin
et al. (2002) and Letourneur et al. (2004: 204).
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Bathydemersal, at depths
of 125–823 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa east
to Philippines and Vanuatu, north to southern Japan, south
to northern Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
FIB. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low
priority for conservation action.
S q u a l i d a e – Dogfish sharks
Cirrhigaleus asper (Merrett, 1973) – Roughskin spurdog; Aiguillat à peau rugueuse
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as Squalus asper by
Fricke (1999: 26), based on MHNRUN material. Taxonomic
decision of Compagno (1999: 472).
Distribution. Réunion, Comores, Aldabra. Marine species.
Bathydemersal on the upper slope, at depths of 200–650 m.
Outside the area, western Atlantic from North Carolina/
USA to northern Gulf of Mexico; South Africa and Mozambique to western Indian Ocean; Hawaiian Islands.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
FIB. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low
priority for conservation action.
Squalus megalops (Macleay, 1881) – Bluntnose spiny dogfish;
Requin aiguillat (Réunion), aiguillat nez court (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 27),
based on MHNRUN material; previously listed as Acanthias
vulgaris (non Risso, 1827) by Guichenot (1863: C31), and as
Squalus fernandinus (non Molina, 1782) by Blanc & Postel
(1958: 367, 370).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species.
Demersal, at depths of 30–750 m. Outside the area, in tropical and temperate areas, discontinuous: southeastern Atlantic, South and East Africa, around southern Australia, New
Caledonia and Solomon Islands, Vietnam to Korea and
southern Japan.
Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: FIT.
Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant
decline. High priority for conservation action. Proposed for
Annexes II and V of the EU Habitats Directive.
P r i s t i d a e – Sawfishes
Pristis microdon Latham, 1794 – Smalltooth sawfish; Requinscie
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 28); previously listed by Guichenot (1863: C31) as P. antiquorum
(non Latham, 1794).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Freshwater,
transitional water and marine. Found on sand or mud bottoms of shallow coastal waters, estuaries, river mouths, and
12
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
freshwater rivers, at depths of 0–10 m. Outside the area,
worldwide in tropical and warm temperate seas.
Conservation. Extinct in Réunion (RE), see Letourneur et al.
(2004: 208). Threats: FIT, FIB, CON, HAB. Very sensitive
to human activities. Keystone species. High priority for conservation action.
Pristis pectinata Latham, 1794 – Largetooth sawfish; Requinscie
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 28),
based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Freshwater, transitional water
and marine. Found on sand or mud bottoms of shallow coastal waters, estuaries, river mouths, and freshwater rivers, at
depths of 0–10 m. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical
and warm temperate seas.
Conservation. Extinct in Réunion (RE), see Letourneur et al.
(2004: 208). Threats: FIT, FIB, CON, HAB. Very sensitive
to human activities. Keystone species. High priority for conservation action.
T o r p e d i n i d a e – Electric rays
Torpedo fuscomaculata Peters, 1855 – Black-spotted electric
ray; Trembleur (Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 29),
based on MNHN material; previously listed by Guichenot
(1863: C31) as T. marmorata (non Risso, 1810), and by
Bleeker (1866a: 171–173) as Narcarion polleni.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Transitional water and marine. Found on
sand near rocky or coral reefs, and in estuaries, at depths of
0–439 m. Outside the area, South Africa (23°S) and islands
in western Indian Ocean east to India and Sri Lanka.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
EUT, HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown.
Low priority for conservation action.
R h i n o b a t i d a e – Guitarfish
Rhynchobatus djiddensis (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Giant
guitarfish; Raie guitarre (Réunion), poissons paie à pois
(France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 30),
based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion. Freshwater, transitional water and marine. Found inshore and in shallow estuaries, over soft bottom, at depths of 1–50 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and
South Africa east to Mariana Islands and Samoa, south to
northern New South Wales/Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Critically endangered in Réunion (CR). Threats:
FIT, FIB, CON, HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Severe decline. High priority for conservation
action.
D a s y a t i d a e – Stingrays
Dasyatis thetidis Ogilby in Waite, 1899 – Thorntail stingray
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion and the Mascarenes by
Fricke (1999: 31), based on MHNRUN material; previously
listed by Guichenot (1863: C31) as Trygon pastinaca (non
Linnaeus, 1758), and by Bleeker (1874: 68) as Leiobatis
(Trygon) pastinaca (non Linnaeus, 1758).
Distribution. Réunion. Freshwater, transitional water and ma-
Neue Serie 2
rine. Found in estuaries, lagoons, and around reefs, at depths
of 0–440 m. Outside the area, South and East Africa, southern Australia and New Zealand to Lord Howe and Norfolk
islands.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, FIB.
Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low priority for conservation action.
Remark. A second species of Dasyatis was observed in Réunion,
but was not identified to the species level.
Pteryplatytrygon violacea (Bonaparte, 1832) – Pelagic stingray;
Pastenague violette
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur et al.
(2004: 204) as Dasyatis violacea.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Pelagic near
reefs, at depths of 0–100 m. Outside the area, worldwide in
tropical and warm temperate waters.
Conservation. Threatened migrant in Réunion (TM). Threats:
FIT, FIB, HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Significant
decline. Low priority for conservation action.
Taeniura meyeni Müller & Henle, 1841 – Black ribbontail ray;
Raie noir (Réunion), pastenague éventail (France)
Taxonomy. Recorded from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 32) under
the names T. meyeni and T. melanospilos, based on
MHNRUN material. Taxonomic decision of Compagno
(1999: 497).
Distribution. Réunion, Rodrigues. Marine species. Found on
sand and reef habitats, at depths of 2–500 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Marquesas Islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south
to Queensland/Australia, Lord Howe and Norfolk islands.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
FIB, HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown.
Low priority for conservation action.
M y l i o b a t i d a e – Mantas, eagle rays
Aetobatus narinari (Euphrasen, 1790) – Spotted eagle ray; Aigle
de mer léopard
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C31)
as Aetobatis narinari; record confirmed by Fricke (1999:
33), based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles.
Transitional water and marine. Benthopelagic near reefs,
also entering estuaries, at depths of 0–80 m. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical and warm temperate coastal seas.
Conservation. Threatened migrant in Réunion (TM). Threats:
FIB. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Manta birostris (Walbaum, 1792) – Giant manta; Mante, diable
de mer
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 33),
based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Pelagic near
reefs, at depths of 0–120 m. Outside the area, worldwide in
tropical and warm temperate seas.
Conservation. Threatened migrant in Réunion (TM). Threats:
FIB. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Mobula tarapacana (Philippi, 1892) – Manta; Mante
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion; previously listed by
Fricke (1999: 33) as M. diabolus (non Shaw, 1804).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Pelagic, often
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
near reefs, at depths of 0–30 m. Outside the area, worldwide
in tropical seas.
Conservation. Threatened migrant in Réunion (TM). Threats:
FIB. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Myliobatis aquila (Linnaeus, 1758) – Common eagle ray; Aigle
de mer commun
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863:
C31).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Transitional water and marine. Benthopelagic, also in shallow lagoons, bays and estuaries, at depths of 0–300 m. Outside the area, Mediterranean
Sea and eastern Atlantic from British Isles to South Africa.
Conservation. Threatened migrant in Réunion (TM). Threats:
FIB. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
E l o p i d a e – Tenpounders, ladyfishes
Elops machnata (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Tenpounder, ladyfish; Lubine (Réunion), tarpon grande écaille (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Whitehead (1984a:
2 unnumbered pp.); previously listed by Guichenot (1863:
C29) as E. saurus (non Linné, 1766).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles.
Transitional water and marine. Found in shallow coastal
waters, and enters lagoons and estuaries. Outside the area,
Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Philippines.
Conservation. Extinct in Réunion (RE), see Letourneur et al.
(2004: 208). Threats: FIT, FIB, HAB, CON. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. High priority for conservation action. Restoration of the habitat and reintroduction
may be considered.
M e g a l o p i d a e – Tarpons
Megalops cyprinoides (Broussonet, 1782) – Oxeye tarpon; Tarpon indo-pacifique
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Whitehead (1984b:
2 unnumbered pp.); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 34–
35), based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles. Freshwater, transitional water and marine. Benthopelagic; adults are found at sea, but juveniles inhabit river
mouths and freshwater. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and
South Africa east to Mariana, Tuamotu and Marquesas islands, north to southern Korea, south to New South Wales/
Australia at 36°12'S, New Caledonia and Austral Islands.
Conservation. Extinct in Réunion (RE), according to Le
tourneur et al. (2004: 208). Threats: FIT, FIB, HAB, CON.
Sensitive to human activities. High priority for conservation
action. Restoration of the habitat and reintroduction may be
considered.
A l b u l i d a e – Bonefishes
Albula glossodonta (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Indo-Pacific
bonefish; Banane (Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 35–36),
based on MHNRUN and MNHN material; previously listed
by Guichenot (1863: C29) as A. bananus, and by Blanc &
Postel (1958: 367, 370) as A. vulpes (non Linnaeus, 1758).
13
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles.
Transitional water and marine. Benthopelagic over shallow
soft bottoms, also entering estuaries. Outside the area, Red
Sea and East Africa east to Hawaiian Islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Lord Howe Island.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, FIB,
HAB, CON. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Albula oligolepis Hidaka, Iwatsuki & Randall, 2008 – Small
scale bonefish; Banane (Réunion)
Taxonomy. Original description in part from Réunion by Hidaka
et al. (2008: 59–60), based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion. Transitional water and marine. Benthopelagic over shallow soft bottoms, also entering estuaries. Outside the area, East and South Africa east to western Thailand
and southeastern Australia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
FIB, HAB, CON. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
A n g u i l l i d a e – Freshwater eels
Anguilla bicolor McClelland, 1844 – Shortfin eel; Z’anguille,
z’amab (Réunion), anguille à nageoire courte (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ege (1939: 151–158) as
A. bicolor bicolor; record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 37),
based on MHNRUN and ZMUC material. Taxonomic decision of the present paper.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles. Freshwater, transitional water and marine. Anadromous migration; spawning in the ocean, but spending most
of their life in rivers. Outside the area, South and East African watersheds and islands of western Indian Ocean east to
India and Sri Lanka.
Conservation. Critically endangered in Réunion (CR). Threats:
FIT, FIB, HAB, CON, PAR. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Severe decline. Though adults of this
long-lived species may still be reasonably common in parts
of its distribution range, the number of arriving postlarvae is
severely declining; the species is critically endangered
throughout its range. High priority for conservation action.
Anguilla labiata (Peters, 1852) – African mottled eel; Z’anguille,
z’amab (Réunion), anguille marbrée africaine (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by M arquet et al. (1997:
29) as A. nebulosa labiata; listed by Fricke (1999: 37) as A.
bengalensis labiata. Actual presence needs verification according to K eith et al. (1999: 72–73). Taxonomic decision of
the present paper.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Freshwater, transitional water
and marine. Anadromous migration; spawning in the ocean,
but spending most of their life in rivers. Outside the area,
South and East African watersheds and adjacent waters of
Indian Ocean.
Conservation. Critically endangered in Réunion (CR). Threats:
FIT, FIB, HAB, CON, PAR. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Severe decline. Though adults of this
long-lived species may still be reasonably common in parts
of its distribution range, the number of arriving postlarvae is
severely declining; the species is critically endangered
throughout its range. High priority for conservation action.
14
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
Anguilla marmorata Quoy & Gaimard, 1824 – Giant mottled
eel; Z’anguille, z’amab (Réunion), grande anguille marbrée
(France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C30);
recorded by Blanc & Postel (1958: 373) as A. mauritiana;
record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 37–38), based on
MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar.
Freshwater, transitional water and marine. Anadromous migration; spawning in the ocean, but spending most of their
life in rivers. Outside the area, South and East African watersheds and adjacent oceanic waters east to Caroline, Mariana and Marquesas islands, north to southern Japan, south to
South Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Critically endangered in Réunion (CR). Threats:
FIT, FIB, HAB, CON, PAR. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Severe decline. Though adults of this
long-lived species may still be reasonably common in parts
of its distribution range, the number of arriving postlarvae is
severely declining; the species is critically endangered
throughout its range. High priority for conservation action.
Anguilla mossambica (Peters, 1852) – African longfin eel;
Z’anguille, z’amab (Réunion), anguille à longue nageoire,
anguille de Mozambique (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ege (1939: 89–151);
record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 38), based on MNHN
material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Freshwater,
transitional water and marine. Anadromous migration;
spawning in the ocean, but spending most of their life in rivers. Outside the area, South and East African watersheds
and adjacent oceanic waters.
Conservation. Critically endangered in Réunion (CR). Threats:
FIT, FIB, HAB, CON, PAR. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Severe decline. Though adults of this
long-lived species may still be reasonably common in parts
of its distribution range, the number of arriving postlarvae is
severely declining; the species is critically endangered
throughout its range. High priority for conservation action.
M o r i n g u i d a e – Spaghetti eels
Moringua ferruginea Bliss, 1883 – Rusty spaghetti eel
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 38–39),
based on SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Rodrigues. Marine species. Burying in
sand, at depths of 0–40 m. Outside the area, East Africa east
to Hawaiian and Easter islands, north to Ryukyu Islands,
south to Western Australia at 32°S, southern Great Barrier
Reef/Australia at 23°30'S, and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT.
Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action.
Moringua javanica (Kaup, 1856) – Java spaghetti eel
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 88); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 39), based on
SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Rodrigues. Marine species. Burying in
sand, at depths of 0–15 m. Outside the area, East Africa
(south to southern Mozambique) east to Mariana and Marquesas islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to New Caledonia and Loyalty Islands.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT.
Neue Serie 2
Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action.
C h l o p s i d a e – False morays
Kaupichthys hyoproroides (Strömmann, 1896) – Plain false moray, common false moray
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Quéro & Saldanha
(1995: 64); previously listed by Harmelin-Vivien (1976: 88)
as K. diodontus (non Schultz, 1943); record confirmed by
Fricke (1999: 39–40), based on BPBM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Cargados Carajos. Marine
species. Benthic, in holes and crevices of coral or rocky
reefs, at depths of 1–95 m. Outside the area, widespread in
the western Indian Ocean, central and North Pacific and
West Atlantic; in the Indo-Pacific, Natal/South Africa and
East Africa east to Hawaiian and Marquesas islands, north
to Ryukyu Islands, south to Western Australia and New
Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT,
HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low
priority for conservation action.
M u r a e n i d a e – Moray eels
Anarchias seychellensis Smith, 1962 – Seychelles moray, marbled reef-eel
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion and the Mascarenes by
Fricke (1999: 42), based on SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found among rubble,
coralline algal debris, and coral heads of shallow wavewashed reefs, at depths of 0–35 m. Outside the area, East and
South Africa east to Hawaiian and Easter islands, north to
Ogasawara Islands, south to Western Australia, New Caledonia and Kermadec Islands.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT, HAB. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Decline
unknown. Low priority for conservation action.
*Channomuraena bauchotae Saldanha & Quéro, 1994 – Réunion
broadbanded moray; Murène anneau de Réunion
Taxonomy. Original description from Réunion by Saldanha &
Quéro (1994: 308–312); listed by Fricke (1999: 41, part) as
C. bennettii, based on MNHN material. Taxonomic decision
of Böhlke & Smith (2002: 157).
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Benthic, in holes and
crevices of rocky reefs. Endemic to Réunion.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT.
Global importance. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action.
Echidna nebulosa (Ahl, 1789) – Snowflake moray, floral moray;
Murène étoilée
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 88); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 41–42), based
on LEMUR, MHNRUN, MNHN and USNM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on the reef flat and in coral
reefs, often resting during the day under pieces of dead coral, at depths of 0–48 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and
South Africa east to Panama, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, Johnston Atoll and Hawaiian Islands, south
to Western Australia at 22°42'S and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
EUT, HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Echidna polyzona (Richardson, 1845) – Barred moray; Congre
noir (Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fourmanoir & Guézé
(1961b: 6); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 42), based on
SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Benthic on reef flats, clear shallow lagoons,
and seaward reefs, at depths of 0–10 m. Outside the area,
Red Sea, East Africa and Natal/South Africa east to Hawaiian and Marquesas islands, north to Ryukyu Islands and
Minami Tori Shima, south to Western Australia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT, HAB. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable
decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Enchelycore pardalis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) – Dragon
moray, leopard moray
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 88). A record of E. bayeri (Schultz in Schultz, Herald,
Lachner, Welander & Woods, 1953) from Réunion by Le
tourneur et al. (2004: 208) needs verification.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Aldabra. Marine
species. Found in holes and crevices of rocky and coral reefs,
at depths of 1–60 m. Outside the area, Chagos Archipelago
east to Hawaiian, Line and Marquesas islands, north to
southern Korea, southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands,
south to New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT, HAB. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable
decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Enchelynassa canina (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) – Viper moray
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by R ibes-Beaudemoulin
et al. (2002) and Letourneur et al. (2004: 204).
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found in areas with
strong surge such as benches, outer coral reef flats and coral
reef fronts, at depths of 1–30 m. Outside the area, Chagos
Archipelago east to Panama.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT, HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Gymnomuraena zebra (Shaw in Shaw & Nodder, 1797) – Zebra
moray; Murène zébrée
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1992:
unpag. 1); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 43), based on
visual record.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Secretive on sandy and rocky bottoms, crevices and ledges of seaward coral reefs, at depths of
1–50 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Galapagos Archipelago, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to
North West Cape/Western Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT, HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Gymnothorax buroensis (Bleeker, 1857) – Latticetail moray,
vagrant moray; Murène errant
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1992:
unpag. 1); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 44), based on
SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Secretive in
15
shallow lagoon and seaward reefs, between coralline rocks
and corals, at depths of 0–25 m. Outside the area, Red Sea,
East Africa and Natal/South Africa east to Panama, north to
Ryukyu and Hawaiian islands, south to Western Australia at
17°30'S and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT, HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Gymnothorax chilospilus Bleeker, 1864 – Lip-spot moray
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion and the Mascarenes by
Fricke (1999: 44), based on SMNS and USNM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found on shallow coastal coral reef flats and in tidal pools, occasionally
also in deep rubble reefs, at depths of 0–45 m. Outside the
area, Oman, East and South Africa east to Hawaiian and
Society islands, and Rapa, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara
islands, south to Western Australia and Norfolk Island.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT, HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Gymnothorax elegans Bliss, 1883 – Elegant moray; Congre
jaune (Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Quéro & Saldanha
(1995: 66); previously described from Réunion by K aup
(1856c: 67) under the name Muraena flavimarginata, preoccupied by M. flavimarginata Rüppell, 1830; record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 44–45), based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species.
Found in crevices of steep drop-offs, and in deep water, at
depths of 25–450 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Samoa, north to Ogasawara Islands.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Gymnothorax enigmaticus McCosker & Randall, 1982 – Tiger
moray, enigmatic moray
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Quéro & Saldanha
(1995: 66); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 45), based on
MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Aldabra. Marine
species. Found in shallow coastal coral reefs; juveniles inhabit lagoons, at depths of 0–3 m, occasionally down to
24 m. Outside the area, Gulf of Aden, east Africa and Natal/
South Africa east to Tuamotu Archipelago, north to Ryukyu
Islands, south to Samoa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT, HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Gymnothorax eurostus (Abbott, 1860) – Salt-and-pepper moray,
stout moray
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Quéro & Saldanha
(1995: 66); previously listed by Harmelin-Vivien (1976: 88)
as Lycodontis laysanus; record confirmed by Fricke (1999:
45–46), based on SMNS and USNM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in holes and crevices
of the coral reef, juveniles in tidal pools; at depths of 0–74 m.
Outside the area, Antiequatorial, Transkei/South Africa east
to Cocos Island, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands,
Minami Tori Shima, and Hawaiian, Marquesas and Easter
islands, south to Shark Bay/Western Australia, Lord Howe,
Kermadec and Austral islands.
16
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT, HAB. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable
decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Gymnothorax favagineus Bloch & Schneider, 1801 – Honeycomb moray, laced moray
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 46),
based on an underwater photograph taken by A. Diringer.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in coral reefs, on reef flats and outer reef
slopes, at depths of 1–45 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East
and South Africa east to Papua New Guinea, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia at 20°46'S and Sydney/New South Wales, Australia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT, HAB. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable
decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Gymnothorax fimbriatus (Bennett, 1832) – Fimbriated moray
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1998:
282); previously listed by Guichenot (1863: C30) as Thyrsoidea bullata; record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 46–47),
based on SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found on coral
reef flats and seaward reefs, prefers protected inshore waters
among dead corals, young specimens also in tidal pools; at
depths of 0–45 m. Outside the area, east to Mariana, Marquesas and Tuamotu islands, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to Western Australia at 20°30'S, southern Queensland/Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Gymnothorax flavimarginatus (Rüppell, 1830) – Yellow-edged
moray, yellow-margined moray; Congre queue verte, murène
à queue verte (Réunion), murène à bord jaune (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bleeker (1874: 72);
record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 47), based on LEMUR,
SMNS and USNM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found
in holes and crevices of coral or rocky areas of reef flats and
protected shorelines to seaward reefs; large adults in deeper
reefs; young specimens in tidal pools; at depths of 0–150 m.
Outside the area, Red Sea, East Africa and Transkei/South
Africa east to Panama, north to Ryukyu, Ogasawara and
Hawaiian islands, south to North West Cape/Western
Australia, Queensland/Australia at 24°49'S and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Gymnothorax griseus (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1803) – Geometric moray
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by K aup (1856a: 64–65)
as Thyrsoidea grisea; record confirmed by Fricke (1999:
56–58) as Siderea grisea, based on LEMUR, MNHN and
SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on coral and rocky reefs and
in lagoons, at depths of 0–40 m. Outside the area, Red Sea,
East Africa and Transkei/South Africa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
Neue Serie 2
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Gymnothorax javanicus (Bleeker, 1859) – Giant moray; Murène
javanaise
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 48),
based on an underwater observation in 1998.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in lagoon
and seaward reefs; juveniles in the intertidal reef flat; at
depths of 0–50 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East Africa and
Mozambique Channel east to Hawaiian Islands, Pitcairn
Group and Cocos Island, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara
islands, south to Western Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT, HAB. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone
species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation
action.
Gymnothorax johnsoni (Smith, 1962) – White-spotted moray;
Congre tacheté (Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Quéro & Saldanha
(1995: 67); previously listed by Fourmanoir & Guézé (1961b:
7) as Lycodontis punctatus (non Bloch & Schneider, 1801);
record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 48–49), based on SMNS
material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species.
Found in crevices of coral and rocky reefs; young specimens
in tidal pools; at depths of 0–110 m. Outside the area, East
and South Africa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Gymnothorax margaritophorus Bleeker, 1865 – Trunk-eyed moray, blotch-necked moray
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Quéro & Saldanha
(1995: 67); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 49), based on
SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found
on coral reef flats and outer reef slopes, juveniles in shallow
reef areas; secretive, at depths of 1–25 m. Outside the area,
Transkei/South Africa and East Africa east to Line Islands,
north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to Western
Australia, southern Queensland/Australia at 23°30'S and
New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT, HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Gymnothorax meleagris (Shaw in Shaw & Nodder, 1795) –
Whitemouth moray, Turkey moray; Congre pintade (Ré
union), murène voie lactée (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Biais & Taquet (1992:
75) as Lycodontis meleagris, and by Letourneur (1992: unpag. 1); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 50–51), based on
LEMUR, MHNRUN and SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in holes and crevices of coral-rich areas
of lagoon and seaward reefs, young specimens in tidal pools;
at depths of 0–51 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East Africa
and Algoa Bay/South Africa east to Hawaiian Islands and
Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan, Ogasawara Islands
and Minami Tori Shima, south to Lord Howe and Austral
islands.
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT, HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Gymnothorax nudivomer (Günther in Playfair & Günther, 1867)
– Yellowmouth moray, starry moray; Congre tacheté
(Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fourmanoir & Guézé
(1961b: 7–8) as Lycodontis nudivomer.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Seychelles. Marine species.
Found in holes and crevices of coral reefs, at depths of
2–271 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East Africa and Natal/
South Africa east to Hawaiian Islands, north to southern Japan, south to Queensland/Australia at 23°30'S and New
Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT, HAB. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable
decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Gymnothorax pictus (Ahl, 1789) – Peppered moray, paintspotted
moray; Congre (Réunion), murène sidérale (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bleeker (1874: 73);
also listed by Guichenot (1863: C30) as Siderea pantherina
and Poecilophis variegatus.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on coral and rocky reefs, young specimens in tidal pools; at depths of 0–100 m. Outside the area,
central Red Sea, East Africa and Natal/South Africa east to
Panama, north to Ryukyu Islands and Minami Tori Shima,
south to North West Cape/Western Australia, Queensland/
Australia to 23°30'S and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Gymnothorax pikei Bliss [ex Steindachner], 1883 – Pike’s moray
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on a photographed
specimen collected by local fishermen, off Saint-Paul, at
250 m depth, in 2008 (P. Durville, E. Tessier, T. Mu
lochau).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found on
deep reefs. Endemic to the western Mascarenes.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT. Regional importance. Sensitive to human activities.
Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Gymnothorax rueppellii (McClelland, 1844) – Banded moray,
yellow-headed moray
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Quéro & Saldanha
(1995: 67); previously listed by Chabanaud in R igotard
(1925: 395) as G. punctato-fasciatus (non Bleeker, 1863),
Harmelin-Vivien (1976: 88) as Lycodontis petelli, and
Harmelin-Vivien (1976: 88) as Echidna zebra (non Shaw in
Shaw & Nodder, 1797); record confirmed by Fricke (1999:
52–53), based on LEMUR, MHNRUN, MNHN, SMNS and
USNM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in holes and crevices of coral reefs,
young specimens in shallow water and tidal pools; at depths
of 0–40 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa (south
to Bazaruto/Mozambique) east to Hawaiian Islands, north to
Ryukyu Islands, south to Western Australia and Loyalty Islands.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT, HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
17
Gymnothorax undulatus (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1803) –
Undulated moray, leopard moray; Murène ondulante
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fourmanoir & Guézé
(1961b: 7, 8) as Lycodontis undulatus; record confirmed by
Fricke (1999: 54–55), based on LEMUR and SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Walters Shoal,
Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in holes and crevices of coral and rocky
reefs, on reef flats among rocks, rubble, or debris and also
occurs in lagoons and seaward reefs, young specimens in
shallow water and tidal pools; at depths of 0–26 m. Outside
the area, Red Sea, East Africa and Port Alfred/South Africa
east to Panama, north to southern Japan, Ogasawara, Hawaiian and Gambier islands, south to Western Australia at
28°54'S, New South Wales/Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Decline unknown. Medium priority for conservation action.
Gymnothorax zonipectis Seale, 1906 – Bar-tailed moray
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1992:
83).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine
species. Found in coral and rocky reefs, in ledges and rubble
areas of outer reef slopes, secretive during the day; young
specimens in shallow reefs; at depths of 1–40 m. Outside the
area, East and South Africa east to Society and Marquesas
islands, north to Philippines, south to North West Cape/
Western Australia and Great Barrier Reef/Australia at
15°50'S.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Rhinomuraena quaesita Garman, 1888 – Ribbon eel
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1998:
282).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Seychelles. Marine species.
Found in coral and rocky reefs and lagoons; secretive species normally hidden in sand or rubble; at depths of 1–57 m.
Outside the area, East Africa east to Mariana and Tuamotu
islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands,
south to Western Australia, Queensland/Australia to 23°30'S
and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Scuticaria tigrina (Lesson, 1828) – Tiger reef-eel, tiger snakemoray; Murène tigre récifale
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Quéro & Saldanha
(1995: 65) as Uropterygius tigrinus; record confirmed by
Fricke (1999: 56), based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on sand in coral reef lagoons and between rocks, at depths of 0–20 m. Outside the area, East
Africa and Natal/South Africa east to Panama, north to
Kerama and Hawaiian islands, south to New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Strophidon sathete (Hamilton, 1822) – Giant estuarine moray;
Murène fil géante
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Quéro & Saldanha
(1995: 68); previously listed as Thyrsoidea tile (non Hamil-
18
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
ton, 1822) by Guichenot (1863: C30) as Muraena Augusti
(non Kaup, 1856) by Bleeker (1874: 72), and as Thyrsoidea
macrura by Fourmanoir & Guézé (1961b: 9); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 59) as T. macrura, based on
MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Freshwater,
transitional water and marine. Found on mud bottoms and
estuarine areas, sometimes in rivers and inner bays, at depths
of 1–15 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa
east to Mariana and Society islands, north to southern Japan,
south to Western Australia, Queensland/Australia and New
Caledonia.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, EUT,
CON. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. Proposed for
Annexes II and V of the EU Habitats Directive.
Uropterygius concolor Rüppell, 1838 – Uniform reef-eel, unicolour snake moray
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fourmanoir & Guézé
(1961b: 9); previously listed as U. unicolor by Guichenot
(1863: C30); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 59), based
on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Transitional water and marine. Found in shallow coral reefs, estuaries and
brackish rivers, at depths of 0–8 m. Outside the area, Red
Sea, East Africa and Durban/South Africa east to Mariana
and Marquesas islands, north to southern Japan, south to
North West Cape/Western Australia and Queensland/Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT, CON, HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Probable
decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Uropterygius macrocephalus (Bleeker, 1864) – Large-headed
snake moray, long-headed snake moray
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Quéro & Saldanha
(1995: 64–65); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 59–60),
based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found on exposed coral reefs, at depths of 1–14 m. Outside the area,
Christmas Island (eastern Indian Ocean) east to Panama,
north to southern Japan and Hawaiian Islands, south to Loyalty Islands.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT, HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Uropterygius xanthopterus Bleeker, 1859 – Freckleface reef eel
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Quéro & Saldanha
(1995: 65); questionably recorded by Fourmanoir & Guézé
(1961b: 9) as U. marmoratus (non Lacepède, 1803); record
confirmed by Fricke (1999: 60), based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found in holes and crevices of shallow coral reefs and drop-offs, at depths of 3–56 m.
Outside the area, Sodwana Bay/South Africa and East Africa east to Line, Society and Marquesas islands, north to
Mariana and Marshall islands.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT, HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
S y n a p h o b r a n c h i d a e – Cutthroat eels
Dysomma anguillare Barnard, 1923 – Shortbelly eel
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Durville et al. (submitted), based on MHNRUN material.
Neue Serie 2
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Demersal, at depths of
30–270 m. Outside the area, known from scattered localities
in the Western Atlantic, East and South Africa, and Japan;
probably more widespread.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB.
Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline unknown.
Low priority for conservation action.
Meadia abyssalis (Kamohara, 1938) – Abyssal cutthroat eel
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Blache (1975) as
Meadia abyssale; record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 60–61),
based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Bathydemersal on the slope, at depths of 100–329 m. Outside the area,
Mascarenes east to Hancock Seamount, Hawaiian and Society islands, north to southern Japan, south to New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB.
Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline unknown.
Low priority for conservation action.
Simenchelys parasitica Gill in Goode & Bean, 1879 – Snubnosed eel; Anguille à nez court
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on a photographed
specimen collected by local fishermen, off Saint-Paul, at
450 m depth, in 2007 (P. Durville, T. Mulochau).
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Bathydemersal, at depths
of 136–2620 m. Outside the area, worldwide in warm temperate oceans except eastern Pacific.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT.
Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Low priority
for conservation action.
Synaphobranchus affinis Günther, 1877 – Grey cutthroat eel
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Quéro & Saldanha
(1995: 72–73); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 61), based
on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Bathydemersal on the
slope, at depths of 290–2334 m; the Réunion specimens were
collected at depths of 650–800 m, at temperatures of 3.3–
11.3 °C (Sulak & Shcherbachev 1997: 1185). Outside the
area, worldwide in tropical and temperate oceans.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB.
Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline unknown.
Low priority for conservation action.
Synaphobranchus brevidorsalis Günther, 1887 – Shortdorsal
cutthroat eel
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Quéro & Saldanha
(1995: 73–74); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 61), based
on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Bathydemersal on the
slope, at depths of 900–3000 m; the Réunion specimens
were collected at depths of 1340–1850 m, at temperatures of
2–11 °C. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical and temperate oceans except eastern North Pacific.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB.
Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline unknown.
Low priority for conservation action.
O p h i c h t h i d a e – Snake eels
Apterichtus klazingai (Weber, 1913) – Sharpsnout snake eel
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Quéro & Saldanha
(1995: 74–75) as Apterichthys klazingai; record confirmed
by Fricke (1999: 61–62), based on MNHN material.
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found buried on sand or
gravel bottoms, at depths of 1–120 m. Outside the area, Durban/South Africa east to Marshall Islands, south to Loyalty
Islands.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT.
Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Brachysomophis crocodilinus (Bennett, 1833) – Crocodile snake
eel
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by R ibes-Beaudemoulin
et al. (2002) and Letourneur et al. (2004: 204).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar. Marine species. Found buried in lagoon habitats with sand, rock
and broken coral substrates, adjacent to coral reefs, at depths
of 0–30 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Society Islands, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT,
HAB. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Callechelys marmorata (Bleeker, 1853) – Marbled snake eel
Taxonomy. Doubtful record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863:
C30) as Pisodonophis maculatus; record probable but needs
verification.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Aldabra. Marine
species. Found buried in gravel or sand, at depths of 2–37 m.
Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Society
Islands, north to Taiwan, south to New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT.
Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action.
Leiuranus semicinctus (Lay & Bennett, 1839) – Half-banded
snake eel, saddled snake eel
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 62–63),
based on an underwater observation in 1995.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in burrows in sandy areas
and seagrass beds of both lagoon and seaward reefs, at
depths of 0–70 m. Outside the area, Knysna/South Africa
and East Africa east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn Group,
north to southern Japan, south to Exmouth Gulf/Western
Australia and Lord Howe Island.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT, HAB. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable
decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Myrichthys colubrinus (Boddaert, 1781) – Ringed snake eel,
banded snake eel, harlequin snake eel
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fourmanoir & Guézé
(1961b: 10, fig. 4); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 64–
65), based on LEMUR and MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on shallow sand flats and seagrass in
coral reef lagoons, at depths of 0–1.5 m. Outside the area,
Red Sea and East Africa (south to Delagoa Bay/Mozambique) east to Johnston and Tuamotu (but not Hawaiian) islands, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to
Western Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT, HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Myrichthys maculosus (Cuvier, 1816) – Ocellated snake eel,
spotted snake eel, tiger snake eel
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
19
(1976: 89); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 65–66), based
on MNHN and SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Aldabra, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found buried on
sand bottoms of sandy areas of reef flats, lagoons, and seaward reefs, including tidal pools, at depths of 0–30 m. Outside the area, central Red Sea, East Africa and Transkei/
South Africa east to Panama (except for Hawaiian Islands),
north to southern Japan, Ogasawara and Midway islands,
south to Western Australia, Lord Howe and Kermadec islands.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT, HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Ophichthus bonaparti (Kaup, 1856) – Napoleon snake eel, saddled snake eel
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 66),
based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found buried
in sand of lagoons adjacent to coral reefs, at depths of 1–20 m.
Outside the area, East and South Africa east to Indonesia
and Marshall and Society islands, north to Penghu Islands/
Taiwan, south to New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
EUT, HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Ophichthus polyophthalmus Bleeker, 1864 – Many-eyed snake
eel; Congre chabouk (Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fourmanoir & Guézé
(1961b: 11, fig. 5) as Ophichthys polyophthalmus.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found buried
in sand of lagoons adjacent to coral reefs, at depths of 1–20 m.
Outside the area, Delagoa Bay/South Africa and East Africa
east to Hawaiian and Marquesas islands, north to southern
Japan.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Rare. Threats:
FIB, EUT, HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Probable
decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Pisodonophis cancrivorus (Richardson, 1848) – Longfin snake
eel; Serpenton à longue nageoire
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C30).
The unused Ophisurus nigrepinnis described by Liénard
(1843: 90–91) is a senior synonym according to Fricke (1999:
67) and needs to be supressed by ICZN.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Freshwater,
transitional water and marine. Found on sand or mud bottoms in lagoons and estuaries, entering lower reaches of
rivers. Outside the area, Red Sea, East Africa and Algoa
Bay/South Africa east to French Polynesia, north to southern
Japan, south to Queensland/Australia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT, CON. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low priority for conservation action.
Scolecenchelys gymnota (Bleeker, 1857) – Slender worm-eel
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Quéro & Saldanha
(1995: 74) as Muraenichthys gymnotus; record confirmed by
Fricke (1999: 63) as M. gymnotus, based on MNHN and
SMNS material. Taxonomic decision of McCosker (2002:
25).
Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar. Marine species. Found buried in sand or gravel of coral reef lagoons and sand patches
including tidal pools, at depths of 0–5 m. Outside the area,
Red Sea, East and Bredasdorp/South Africa east to Line Is-
20
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
lands and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan and Johnston Island, south to Western Australia and Loyalty Islands.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT,
HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Scolecenchelys laticaudata (Ogilby, 1897) – Redfin worm-eel
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 88) as Muraenichthys laticaudata; record confirmed
by Fricke (1999: 63) as M. laticaudatus, based on SMNS and
USNM material. Taxonomic decision of Castle & McCosk
er (1999: 121).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar. Marine species. Found buried in sand bottoms adjacent to coral
reefs, including tidal pools, at depths of 0–26 m. Outside the
area, Red Sea, East Africa and East London/South Africa
east to Mariana Islands and Pitcairn Group, south to Lord
Howe Island.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT,
HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Scolecenchelys xorae (Smith, 1958) – Orangehead worm-eel
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1992: 34,
unpag. 1) as Muraenichthys xorae. Taxonomic decision of
Castle & McCosker (1999: 121).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, southwestern Madagascar.
Marine species. Found buried in sand bottoms adjacent to
coral and rocky reefs, at depths of 2–26 m. Outside the area,
South Africa (Algoa Bay to Natal).
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT,
HAB. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Yirrkala tenuis (Günther, 1870) – Thin sand-eel
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Marquet et al. (1997:
29); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 67), based on
MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Transitional water and marine. Found buried in sand in coral reef lagoons and estuaries, at depths of 0–5 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East
Africa south to Natal/South Africa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT,
HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
C o l o c o n g r i d a e – Froghead eels
Coloconger raniceps Alcock, 1889 – Froghead eel
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Quéro & Saldanha
(1995: 75–76); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 68), based
on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar. Marine species. Bathyde
mersal on the slope, at depths of 300–1134 m. Outside the
area, East Africa east to southern Japan.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB.
Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline unknown.
Low priority for conservation action.
C o n g r i d a e – Conger eels
Ariosoma mauritianum (Pappenheim, 1914) – Blunt-tooth conger
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 68),
based on MNHN material.
Neue Serie 2
Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar. Marine species. Bathydemersal on the slope, at depths of 360–800 m. Outside the area,
Red Sea, East Africa and Natal/South Africa east to Solomon Islands, south to Western Australia at 32°S and New
South Wales/Australia at 33°33'S and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB.
Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline unknown.
Low priority for conservation action.
Bathycongrus wallacei (Castle, 1968) – Wallace’s conger eel
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Quéro & Saldanha
(1995: 78) as Rhechias wallacei; record confirmed by Fricke
(1999: 70–71) as R. wallacei, based on MNHN material.
Taxonomic decision of Castle & Smith (1999: 993).
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Bathydemersal on the
slope, at depths of 250–500 m. Outside the area, Natal/South
Africa to southern Mozambique, Indonesia and Philippines
north to southern Japan, probably more widespread.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB.
Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline unknown.
Low priority for conservation action.
Conger cinereus Klunzinger [ex Rüppell], 1830 – Black-edged
conger, moustache conger; Congre oiro
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by K anazawa (1958: 234–
243) as C. cinereus cinereus; previously described as C. altipinnis by K aup (1856a: 72); record confirmed by Fricke
(1999: 68–69), based on LEMUR, MNHN, SMNS and
USNM material. Authorship as discussed by Fricke (2008:
15, under Muraenesox cinereus).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Transitional water and marine.
Found in coral reefs and adjacent lagoons and estuaries,
young specimens often in tidal pools; at depths of 0–80 m.
Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Hawaiian
and Line islands and Pitcairn Group, south to Kimberleys/
Western Australia, Lord Howe Island and Rapa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT, HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone
species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation
action.
Conger wilsoni (Banning in Bloch & Schneider, 1801) – Cape
conger
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Quéro & Saldanha
(1995: 76–78); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 69–70),
based on MNHN material. Identity of original description
doubtful; neotype and petition to ICZN necessary or petition
to ICZN may be necessary to continue usage of name in
Congridae.
Distribution. Réunion, Rodrigues. Transitional water and marine. Found on rocky reefs and adjacent estuaries, young
specimens in tidal pools; at depths of 0–30 m. Outside the
area, Cape of Good Hope/South Africa to southern Mozambique, southern Australia, New Caledonia, Lord Howe Island and New Zealand east to Kermadec Islands and Tuvalu,
possibly Japan.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Gorgasia klausewitzi Quéro & Saldanha, 1995 – Klausewitz’s
garden eel
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion in original description by
Quéro & Saldanha (1995: 80–83, figs. 4–5).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores. Marine species.
Found in burrows on sand bottom adjacent to coral reefs, at
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
depths of 3–25 m. Endemic to volcanic islands in the southwestern Indian Ocean.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT,
HAB. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Heteroconger hassi (Klausewitz & Eibl-Eibesfeldt, 1959) –
Spotted garden eel, Hass’s garden eel
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1998:
282).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in burrows on sand bottom adjacent to
coral reefs, at depths of 2–45 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Wake Atoll, Tonga, Samoa and Line Islands,
north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to northwestern Australia, Queensland/Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT,
HAB. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
M u r a e n e s o c i d a e – Pike congers
Muraenesox bagio (Hamilton, 1822) – Common pike conger;
Murénésoce commun
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Castle (1984: 2 unnumbered pp.); previously described by Fourmanoir &
Guézé (1961b: 5–6) as M. cinereus (non Forsskål in Niebuhr,
1775).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Transitional water and marine. Found in coastal waters, including estuaries,
at depths of 1–100 m. Outside the area, Durban/South Africa
and East Africa east to Samoa, north to southern Yellow Sea,
south to Western Australia at 27°42'S, New South Wales/
Australia at 34°53'S and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
CON. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
N e m i c h t h y i d a e – Snipe eels
Nemichthys curvirostris (Strömmann, 1896) – Boxer snipe eel
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion and the Mascarenes by
Fricke (1999: 71), based on SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Bathypelagic with diurnal vertical migrations, at depths of 0–2000 m. Outside the
area, worldwide in tropical and temperate seas.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB.
Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline unknown.
Low priority for conservation action.
S e r r i v o m e r i d a e – Sawtooth eels
Serrivomer beanii Gill & Ryder, 1883 – Sawtooth eel
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Quéro & Saldanha
(1995: 84); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 72), based on
MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Epibenthic-pelagic with
diurnal vertical migrations, at depths of 10–5998 m. Outside
the area, midwater depths in Indian Ocean and North Atlantic, south to Cape of Good Hope/South Africa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
EUT. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action.
21
N e t t a s t o m a t i d a e – Duckbill eels
Venefica proboscidea (Vaillant, 1888) – Witch eel, whipsnout
sorcerer
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Quéro & Saldanha
(1995: 84); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 72), based on
MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Bathydemersal on the
slope, at depths of 1500–2200 m. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical, subtropical and temperate seas.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
EUT. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action.
E n g r a u l i d a e – Anchovies
Stolephorus commersonii Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1803 –
Commerson’s anchovy
Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by Lacepède
(1803: 381–383, pl. 12, fig. 1).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Transitional water and marine. Pelagic in coastal waters, at depths of 0–50 m.
Outside the area, East Africa and Gulf of Aden east to New
Guinea, north to South China Sea, south to Western Australia at 21°51'S and Queensland/Australia at 23°51'S.
Conservation. Extinct in Réunion (RE); species not observed
since the 18th century. Threats: FIT, FIB. Sensitive to human
activities. Keystone species. High priority for conservation
action. Restoration of the habitat and reintroduction should
be considered.
Thryssa baelama (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Baelama anchovy, little priest; Anchois-moustache sardine
Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by Guichenot
(1863: C29) as Engraulis boelama, and later by Bleeker
(1874: 102) as E. polynemoides; record confirmed by Fricke
(1999: 79), based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles.
Transitional water and marine. Pelagic in coastal waters near
reefs, and in estuaries, at depths of 0–50 m. Outside the area,
Red Sea and East Africa east to Caroline and Mariana islands, Samoa and Tonga, north to Ogasawara Islands, south
to Western Australia, Queensland/Australia at 16°30'S, and
New Caledonia.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, FIB.
Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant
decline. High priority for conservation action.
C l u p e i d a e – Herrings, shads, sardines and menhadens
Amblygaster sirm (Walbaum, 1792) – Spotted sardinella, spotted
pilchard; Sardinelle tachetée
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Whitehead & Won
gratana (1984: 2 unnumbered pp.).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles.
Transitional water and marine. Pelagic in coastal waters and
lagoons, at depths of 1–75 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and
East Africa east to northern Gilbert Islands/Kiribati, Samoa
and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to Dampier Archipelago/Western Australia, Queensland/Australia south to
23°03'S and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, FIB,
CON. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
22
Neue Serie 2
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus (Rüppell, 1837) – Bluestripe
herring, blueline herring; Sardine (Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Whitehead (1985: 81–
82); previously described by Valenciennes in Cuvier & Va
lenciennes (1847b: 349–350) as Clupeonia fasciata; record
confirmed by Fricke (1999: 73), based on MHNRUN and
MNHN material. Species probably preoccupied by the unused name Clupea mauritiana Bennett, 1833 according to
Fricke (1999: 73); this case needs to be solved by petitioning
ICZN.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles.
Transitional water and marine. Pelagic in shallow water near
coral reefs, at depths of 0–13 m. Outside the area, Red Sea,
East Africa and Algoa Bay/South Africa east to Philippines,
Samoa and Tonga, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara
Islands, south to Western Australia at 21°38'S, Queensland/
Australia south to 16°35'S, and New Caledonia, introduced
into Hawaiian Islands.
Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: FIT,
FIB, HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Herklotsichthys spilurus (Guichenot, 1863) – Réunion herring
Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by Guichenot
(1863: C16–C17, C29); record confirmed by Whitehead
(1985: 82–83) and Fricke (1999: 74), based on the MNHN
syntypes.
Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar. Transitional water and marine. Pelagic in coastal waters, at depths of 0–50 m. Outside
the area, East Africa, possibly formerly also in Mauritius.
Conservation. Extinct in Réunion (RE). Threats: FIT, FIB. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. High priority
for conservation action. Reintroduction should be considered.
Sardinella jussieu (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1803) – Mauritian sardinella; Sardine (Réunion)
Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by Lacepède
(1803: 469, 471–475) as Clupanodon Jussieu; probably the
same species subsequently described by Valenciennes in
Cuvier & Valenciennes (1847b: 346–349) as Clupeonia Jussieui; neotype designation of the holotype of Clupanodon
jussieui Valenciennes (MNHN A.2208) as the neotype of
Clupanodon jussieu Lacepède [ex Commerson] or a similar
action would be necessary to stabilise current usage.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Transitional water and marine. Pelagic in coastal waters, at depths of 0–50 m.
Outside the area, India and Sri Lanka, possibly also Vietnam, China and Taiwan.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, FIB.
Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant
decline. High priority for conservation action. Proposed for
Annexes II and V of the EU Habitats Directive.
Sardinella melanura (Cuvier, 1829) – Blacktip sardinella; Sardine à queue noire (Réunion)
Taxonomy. Based on an illustration from Réunion by Lacepède
(1803: pl. 11, fig. 3) as ‘Variété de Clupanodon Jussieu’,
which was later named as Clupea melanura by Cuvier (1829:
318, footnote); taxonomic usage stabilised by a neotype
(MNHN 3233) designated by Whitehead (1967: 62); listed
by Guichenot (1863: C29) as Clupeonia Commersonii, by
Bleeker (1874: 102) as Clupea (Harengula) atricauda (non
Günther, 1868), and by Blanc & Postel (1958: 368, 170) as
Harengula vittata; record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 75–
76), based on MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, northern Madagascar, Seychelles. Transitional water and marine. Pelagic in coastal
waters, at depths of 0–50 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and
East Africa east to eastern Indonesia and South Pacific east
to Society and Marquesas islands, north to southern Japan
and Ogasawara Islands, south to Queensland/Australia and
New Caledonia.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, FIB.
Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant
decline. High priority for conservation action.
Spratelloides delicatulus (Bennett, 1832) – Blue sprat, delicate
round herring; Hareng rond (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Whitehead & Won
gratana (1984: 2 unnumbered pp.).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles.
Transitional water and marine. Pelagic in coastal waters near
coral reefs, at depths of 0–50 m. Outside the area, Red Sea,
East Africa and Natal/South Africa east to Marshall and
Tuamotu islands, north to southern Japan, south to Western
Australia at 33°37'S, Tasmania/Australia, and New Caledonia, recently immigrated into eastern Mediterranean Sea
through Suez Canal.
Conservation. Least concern in Réunion (LC). Threats: FIT,
FIB, HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
C h a n i d a e – Milkfish
Chanos chanos (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Milkfish; Chano
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fourmanoir & Guézé
(1963: 24); previously listed by Bleeker (1874: 102) as C.
lubina.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles. Freshwater, transitional water and marine. Benthopelagic in offshore marine waters and shallow coastal embayments, but also frequently enter estuaries and occasionally
penetrate freshwater streams, at depths of 0–30 m. Outside
the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Panama,
north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia at
32°05'S, New South Wales/Australia and Norfolk Island.
Conservation. Extinct in Réunion (RE), last encountered in the
1960s. Threats: FIT, FIB, HAB, CON. Sensitive to human
activities. Keystone species. High priority for conservation
action.
G o n o r y n c h i d a e – Beaked sandfish
Gonorynchus gonorynchus (Linné, 1766) – Beaked sandfish;
Caduchon
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fourmanoir & Guézé
(1963: 58, fig. IIIC); previously described by Valenciennes
in Cuvier & Valenciennes (1847a: 207–212, pl. 568) as
Gonorhynchus Gronovii; record of Gonorynchus gonorynchus confirmed by Fricke (1999: 82), based on MNHN
and SAIAB material.
Distribution. Réunion. Freshwater, transitional water and marine. Demersal on sand bottoms, at depths of 0–200 m. Outside the area, Namibia southward around the Cape of Good
Hope to Mozambique, Saint Helena.
Conservation. Extinct in Réunion (RE), last encountered in the
1960s. Threats: FIT, FIB, HAB, CON. Sensitive to human
activities. Keystone species. High priority for conservation
action.
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
C y p r i n i d a e – Carps and minnows
Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758), golden form – Gold fish;
Carassin doré
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bleeker (1874: 102);
previously described by Guichenot (1863: C14–C16, C29) as
Cyprinus Maillardi.
Distribution. Introduced in Réunion (before 1863). Freshwater
and transitional water. Outside the area, originally central
Asia, China and Japan. Introduced throughout the world.
Conservation. Not evaluated in Réunion (NE). Not native of
Réunion. No conservation action in favour of this species
advisable.
Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 – Common carp; Carpe commune
Distribution. Introduced in Réunion. Freshwater and transitional
water. Outside the area, originally restricted to European
Black Sea watersheds, widely introduced elsewhere.
Conservation. Not evaluated in Réunion (NE). Not native of
Réunion. No conservation action in favour of this species
advisable.
Tanichthys albonubes Lin, 1932 – Whitecloud mountain minnow
Distribution. Introduced in Réunion. Freshwater. Outside the
area, originally restricted to southern China and northern
Vietnam, introduced elsewhere.
Conservation. Not evaluated in Réunion (NE). Not native of
Réunion. No conservation action in favour of this species
advisable.
P l o t o s i d a e – Eel catfishes
Plotosus lineatus (Thunberg, 1787) – Striped catfish, striped eel
catfish; Machouaran (Réunion), balibot rayé (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C28);
listed by Bleeker (1874: 75) as P. arab, and Fourmanoir &
Guézé (1963: 12, fig. 1) as P. anguillaris; record of P. lineatus confirmed by Fricke (1999: 85), based on BPBM, MNHN
and SMNS material. Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775 described
this species as [Silurus] “Arab. Boa vel Buja”; later authors
inferred the name ‘Plotosus arab’ as a senior synonym, but
‘arab.’ was not a species name, but an abbreviation for ‘Arabicus’, meaning ‘Arabian language: Boa or Bua’. Forsskål
only gave the genus plus two local Arabian names, and this
therefore does not qualify as a binominal species description
(discussion see Fricke 2008: 18).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles. Transitional water and marine. Found in coral reefs.
Also found in estuaries, tide pools and open coasts, at depths
of 1–60 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East Africa and Algoa
Bay/South Africa east to Samoa and Tonga, north to southern Korea, southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to
Western Australia at 32°S and Lord Howe Island.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
23
since 1948 (K eith et al. 1999: 80). Freshwater, transitional
water and marine. Outside the area, originally in temperate
freshwater streams and coastal seas of the North Pacific,
introduced worldwide.
Conservation. Not evaluated in Réunion (NE). Not native of
Réunion. No conservation action in favour of this species
advisable.
G o n o s t o m a t i d a e – Bristlemouths
Cyclothone alba Brauer, 1906 – Bristlemouth
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Mukhacheva (1974:
192–195).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues. Marine species.
Mesopelagic, at depths of 300–600 m. Outside the area, in
tropical and subtropical waters of all oceans.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT.
Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Keystone species.
Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action.
Cyclothone braueri Jespersen & Tåning, 1926 – Garrick; Palomine
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Mukhacheva (1974:
196–203).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues. Marine species.
Mesopelagic, adults mainly at depths of 200–900 m. Outside
the area, worldwide in tropical and subtropical oceans, in the
North Atlantic also in temperate waters north to 66°N.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT.
Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Keystone species.
Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action.
Cyclothone microdon (Günther, 1878) – Veiled anglemouth; Cyclothone jaune
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Mukhacheva (1974:
214–217).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Mesopelagic,
adults mainly at depths of 200–2700 m. Outside the area, in
tropical, subtropical and temperate waters of all oceans,
south to 45°S.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT.
Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Keystone species.
Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action.
Cyclothone pallida Brauer, 1902 – Tan bristlemouth, bicoloured
bristlemouth
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Mukhacheva (1974:
206–210).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues. Marine species.
Mesopelagic, adults mainly at depths of 400–1000 m. Outside the area, in tropical and subtropical waters of all oceans,
south to 40°S.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT.
Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Keystone species.
Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action.
S a l m o n i d a e – Salmons and trouts
S t e r n o p t y c h i d a e – Hatchetfishes
Remarks. An Argyripnus sp. is recorded by Durville et al. (submitted), based on MHNRUN material.
Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792) – Rainbow trout; Truite
arc-en-ciel
Taxonomy. Recorded from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 87).
Distribution. Introduced in Réunion since 1940, acclimatised
Argyropelecus aculeatus Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850 – Lovely hatchetfish; Hache d’argent à épines
(France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Sauvage (1891: 483).
24
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
Record verified by Durville et al. (submitted), based on
MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Mesopelagic, at depths
of 200–500 m during the day, diurnal vertical migration to
about 150 m depth during the night. Outside the area, in
tropical, subtropical and temperate waters of all oceans.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT.
Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Keystone species.
Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action.
Argyropelecus hemigymnus Cocco, 1829 – Half-naked hatchetfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Durville et al. (submitted), based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Mesopelagic, at depths
of 250–650 m during the day, diurnal vertical migration to
about 100 m depth during the night. Outside the area, in
tropical, subtropical and temperate waters of all oceans.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT.
Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Keystone species.
Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action.
Polyipnus indicus Schultz, 1961 – Indian hatchetfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Durville et al. (submitted).
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Benthopelagic, at depths
of 50–500 m. Outside the area, western Indian Ocean.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT.
Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Keystone species.
Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action.
Valenciennellus tripunctulatus (Esmark, 1871) – Constellation
fish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Durville et al. (submitted), based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Bathypelagic, at depths
of 100–1000 m. Outside the area, in tropical, subtropical and
temperate waters of all oceans.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats:
EUT. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Keystone
species. Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation
action.
P h o s i c h t h y i d a e – Lightfishes
Phosichthys argenteus (Hutton, 1872) – Silver lightfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Durville et al. (submitted), based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Bathypelagic, at depths
of 300–1050 m. Outside the area, Indo-West Pacific and
southeastern Atlantic.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT.
Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Keystone species.
Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action.
Pollichthys mauli (Poll, 1953) – Stareye lightfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Durville et al. (submitted), based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Bathypelagic, at depths
of 100–600 m. Outside the area, tropical and temperate Atlantic Ocean, and western Pacific.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT.
Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Keystone species.
Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action.
Neue Serie 2
C h o r o p h t h a l m i d a e – Greeneyes
Remarks. Chlorophthalmus sp. is a new record for the family
from Réunion, based on a photographed specimen collected
by local fishermen, off Saint-Paul, at 550 m depth, in 2008
(P. Durville, T. Mulochau).
S y n o d o n t i d a e – Lizardfishes
Saurida gracilis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) – Graceful lizardfish,
gracile lizardfish; Anoli grêle
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 89); previously listed by Guichenot (1863: C29) as S.
nebulosa (in part: non Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 91–92),
based on LEMUR, MNHN and SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles. Transitional water and marine. Found in sand and
silty coral and rocky reefs; in shallow lagoons, reef flats, and
sheltered seaward reefs, at depths of 0–135 m. Outside the
area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara
islands, south to Western Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
FIB, HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Saurida nebulosa Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850
– Clouded lizardfish, nebulous lizardfish; Anoli nuageux
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C29,
in part). Often confused with S. gracilis.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Aldabra. Transitional water
and marine. Benthic on sand, mud, rock and in eel-grass
habitats, primarily inshore, also near streams and river
mouths; at depths of 0–6 m. Outside the area, Maldives east
to Hawaiian and Society islands, north to Ogasawara Islands, south to New Caledonia and Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
FIB. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Synodus binotatus Schultz in Schultz, Herald, Lachner, Welander & Woods, 1953 – Twospot lizardfish; Anoli à deux
taches
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion and the Mascarenes by
Fricke (1999: 92), based on SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species.
Found in coral reefs and adjacent lagoons, at depths of
1–88 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Hawaiian and
Line islands, north to Ogasawara Islands, south to Western
Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low priority for conservation action.
Synodus dermatogenys Fowler, 1912 – Banded lizardfish, sand
lizardfish; Anoli bigarré
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Debelius (1999: 53).
Often confused with S. variegatus.
Distribution. Réunion, Rodrigues, Comores. Transitional water
and marine. Found on sand or sand-rubble areas of lagoon
and seaward coral reefs, at depths of 1–97 m. Outside the
area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Hawaiian Islands and
Pitcairn Group, south to Western Australia and New Caledonia.
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low priority for conservation action.
Synodus variegatus (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1803) – Variegated lizardfish; Anoli bigarré
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 89). Previously listed by Guichenot (1863: C29) as
Saurus cynodus (non Linnaeus, 1758), and Bleeker (1874:
102) as Synodus varius. In original description by Lacepède
(1803: 157) as Salmo variegatus and on pp. 224–228, pl. 3,
fig. 3 as Salmo varius; first reviser Quoy & Gaimard (1824:
223–224) who chose the name Saurus variegatus. Record of
Synodus variegatus confirmed by Fricke (1999: 94–95)
based on LEMUR, MHNRUN and SMNS material. Often
confused with S. dermatogenys.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in deep
lagoon and seaward coral reefs, sometimes on sandy bottoms concealing itself in the sand, at depths of 2–121 m.
Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Hawaiian
Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to Ryukyu Islands, south
to Lord Howe, Kermadec and Rapa islands, straying to New
Zealand.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low priority for conservation action.
Trachinocephalus myops (Schneider [ex Forster] in Bloch &
Schneider, 1801) – Painted lizardfish; Anoli serpent
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C29)
as Saurus myops.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Transitional water and marine. Found on sand bottoms including estuaries,
at depths of 1–388 m. Outside the area, circumtropical, north
to Red Sea, southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to
Knysna/South Africa, Western Australia at 20°18'S, New
South Wales/Australia and Lord Howe Island.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
FIB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
N e o s c o p e l i d a e – Blackchins
Neoscopelus macrolepidotus Johnson, 1863 – Large-scaled lanternfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Durville et al. (submitted), based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Benthopelagic, at depths
of 300–1180 m. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical and
temperate oceans, except most parts of the Indian Ocean.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT.
Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Keystone species
(as this common species is a major food item for deep demersal predators, controlling their populations). Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action.
M y c t o p h i d a e – Lanternfishes
Benthosema fibulatum (Gilbert & Cramer, 1897) – Spinycheek
lanternfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Durville et al. (submitted), based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Benthopelagic and
mesopelagic, in the upper 200 m at night, during the day
25
down to 2000 m. Outside the area, in the Indian and Pacific
oceans.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT.
Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Keystone species.
Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action.
Bolinichthys supralateralis (Parr, 1928)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Durville et al. (submitted), based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Bathypelagic, at depths
of 40–850 m. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical waters
except eastern Pacific.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT.
Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Keystone species.
Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action.
Ceratoscopelus warmingii (Lütken, 1892) – Warming’s lanternfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Durville et al. (submitted), based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Bathypelagic, at depths
of 0–2014 m. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical and
warm temperate waters except eastern Pacific.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT.
Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Keystone species.
Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action.
Diaphus knappi Nafpaktitis, 1978 – Knapp’s lanternfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Durville et al. (submitted), based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar, Saya de Malha Bank. Marine species. Bathypelagic, at depths of 122–664 m. Outside
the area, tropical Indo-West Pacific.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT.
Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Keystone species.
Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action.
Idiolychnus urolampus (Gilbert & Cramer, 1897) – Tail-light
lanternfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Durville et al. (submitted), based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar. Marine species. Pelagic, at
depths of 154–582 m. Outside the area, Kyushu-Palau Ridge,
Hawaiian Islands, Nazca and Sala-y-Gomez ridges.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT.
Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Keystone species.
Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action.
Lampanyctus nobilis Tåning, 1928 – Noble lanternfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Durville et al. (submitted), based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Bathypelagic, found between 475–900 m during the day and between 100–500 m at
night. Outside the area, tropical and warm temperate Indian
and Pacific oceans.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT.
Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Keystone species.
Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action.
Lampanyctus pusillus (Johnson, 1890) – Pygmy lanternfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Durville et al. (submitted), based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Bathypelagic, found between 425–850 m during the day and between 40–125 m at
night. Outside the area, tropical and temperate Atlantic,
southern Indian and South Pacific oceans.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT.
26
Neue Serie 2
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Keystone species.
Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action.
Symbolophorus rufinus (Tåning, 1928) – Red symbol lanternfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion and the Mascarenes by
Fricke (1999: 98), based on SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Pelagic, at depths of
425–850 m during the day, and 0–125 m at night. Outside the
area, eastern Atlantic from 28°N to 16°S, tropical Indian
Ocean, Papua New Guinea.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT.
Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Keystone species.
Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action.
L a m p r i d a e – Opahs
Lampris guttatus (Brünnich, 1788) – Spotted opah, kingfish;
Lampris
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 98),
based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Bathypelagic. Oceanic,
mainly pelagic, at depths of 10–400 m. Outside the area,
worldwide in subtropical and temperate oceans.
Conservation. Threatened migrant in Réunion (TM). Threats:
FIB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline.
Low priority for conservation action.
L o p h o t i d a e – Crestfishes
Lophotus lacepede Giorna, 1809 – Crested oarfish; Lophotes
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by R ibes-Beaudemoulin
et al. (2002) and Letourneur et al. (2004: 204).
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Mesopelagic, at depths
of 0–92 m. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical and warm
temperate oceans.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
EUT. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action.
T r a c h i p t e r i d a e – Ribbonfishes
Trachipterus jacksonensis (Ramsay, 1881) – Blackflash ribbon
fish, dealfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 98),
based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Pelagic, at depths of
0–1000 m. Outside the area, South Africa, southern Australia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low
priority for conservation action.
P o l y m i x i i d a e – Beardfishes
Polymixia busakhini Kotlyar, 1992 – Pacific beardfish
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on reexamination
of MNHN material listed by Fricke (1999: 99) under the
name P. berndti (non Gilbert, 1905); previously listed by
Guichenot (1863: C26) as Neobrama Webbi (non Valenciennes, 1837), and by Bleeker (1874: 86) as Polymixia nobilis
(non Lowe, 1838). Also MHNRUN material (Durville et al.
submitted).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar Ridge. Marine
species. Bathydemersal, at depths of 410–600 m. Outside the
area, Mozambique, eastern Australia, New Zealand. Probably more widespread.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low
priority for conservation action.
M a c r o u r i d a e – Grenadiers
Caelorinchus acanthiger Barnard, 1925 – Surgeon grenadier
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion and the Mascarenes by
Fricke (1999: 99); previously recorded by Fourmanoir &
Guézé (1963: 20, pl. 5) as Coelorhynchus flabellispinus (non
Alcock, 1894).
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Bathydemersal, at depths
of 800–1500 m. Outside the area, continental slopes of southeastern Atlantic, southern Indian Ocean, southern Australia
and New Zealand.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action.
M o r i d a e – Morid cods
Gadella sp.
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as Gadella jordani (non
Böhlke & Mead, 1951) by Durville et al. (submitted), based
on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Benthopelagic. Known
only from the area.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB.
Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline unknown.
Low priority for conservation action.
Laemonema macronema Meléndez & Markle, 1997
Taxonomy. Original description from Réunion by Meléndez &
Markle (1997: 638), based on SAIAB and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Bathydemersal, at depths of 300–400 m. Endemic to western Mascarenes.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB.
Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline unknown.
Low priority for conservation action.
Physiculus argyropastus Alcock, 1894
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Durville et al. (submitted), based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Benthopelagic, at depths of 200–300 m. Outside the area, India.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB.
Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline unknown.
Low priority for conservation action.
C a r a p i d a e – Pearl fishes
Encheliophis gracilis (Bleeker, 1856) – Graceful pearlfish, slender pearlfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 102),
based on SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Aldabra. Marine
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
species. Benthic, living in starfish and holothurians, at
depths of 5–62 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East Africa and
Natal/South Africa east to Palau/Belau, Mariana and Society islands, south to New Caledonia.
Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: FIB,
EUT, HOS. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Encheliophis homei (Richardson, 1846) – Silver pearlfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C30)
as Fierasfer homei; record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 101–
102) as Carapus homei, based on LEMUR and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Benthic, reef-associated, living in holothurians,
at depths of 0–30 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Hawaiian, Society and Gambier islands, north to
Ryukyu Islands, south to Western Australia, Queensland/
Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: FIB,
EUT, HAB, HOS. Sensitive to human activities. Probable
decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Pyramodon ventralis Smith & Radcliffe in Radcliffe, 1913
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Durville et al. (submitted), based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Benthopelagic, at depths
of 184–470 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa east
to Indonesia, north to southern Japan, south to Queensland/
Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: FIB,
EUT, HOS. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
O p h i d i i d a e – Cuskeels, snake blennies
Acanthonus armatus Günther, 1878 – Bony-eared assfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion and the Mascarenes by
Fricke (1999: 100), based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Bathypelagic, at depths
of 1500–4415 m. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical and
subtropical seas.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB.
Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline unknown.
Low priority for conservation action.
Remarks. Common name based on Froese & Pauly (2008).
Bassozetus galatheae Nielsen & Merrett, 2000
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion and the Mascarenes by
Nielsen & Merrett (2000: 26–30); previously listed as B.
glutinosus (non Alcock, 1890) by Fricke (1999: 100), based
on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Bathypelagic, at depths
of 1530–2040 m. Outside the area, off East Africa to Hawaiian Islands, south to New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB.
Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline unknown.
Low priority for conservation action.
Brotula multibarbata Temminck & Schlegel, 1846 – Reef cusk
eel, bearded brotula, goatsbeard brotula; Brotule barbe-deboue
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Hubbs (1944: 170–175);
27
previously described by K aup (1858: 92) as B. burbonensis
(locality Réunion not stated, but implied from species name);
record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 100–101), based on
MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in shallow lagoon
and seaward reefs and on the shelf and upper slope, at depths
of 0–650 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to
southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Rowley
Shoals/Western Australia at 17°56'S and Lord Howe Island.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Holcomycteronus aequatoris (Smith & Radcliffe in Radcliffe,
1913)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion and the Mascarenes by
Fricke (1999: 101), based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Bathydemersal, at depths
of 1510–4030 m. Outside the area, South and East Africa
east to Philippines, north to Taiwan.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB.
Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline unknown.
Low priority for conservation action.
Neobythites multistriatus Nielsen & Quéro, 1991
Taxonomy. Originally described from off Réunion by Nielsen &
Quéro (1991: 194, figs. 1–4).
Distribution. Réunion, Rodrigues. Marine species. Bathydemersal, at depths of 300–490 m. Endemic to Mascarenes.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB.
Local importance. Sensitivity to human activities unknown.
Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action.
B y t h i t i d a e – Viviparous brotulas
Dinematichthys iluocoeteoides Bleeker, 1855
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 89, part) as Dinematichthys iluocaetoides.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in holes of
coral reefs, at depths of 0–6 m. Outside the area, Red Sea
and East Africa east to Samoa and Tonga, north to Ryukyu
and Ogasawara islands, south to New Caledonia.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline (assumed according to habitat decline). Medium priority for conservation action.
Mascarenichthys heemstrai Schwarzhans & Møller, 2007
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Schwarzhans &
Møller (2007: 78–81), based on SMNS material; previously
listed from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 102–103, part) as
Brosmophyciops pautzkei (non Schultz in Schultz, Chapman, Lachner & Woods, 1960).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos.
Marine species. Found in holes of volcanic rocks adjacent to
coral reefs, including tidal pools, at depths of 0–10 m. Endemic to islands in the southwestern Indian Ocean.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
28
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
L o p h i i d a e – Anglerfishes
Lophiodes mutilus (Alcock, 1894) – Smooth angler; Bandroie
marache
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion and the Mascarenes by
Fricke (1999: 103), based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar. Marine species. Bathydemersal on the upper slope, at depths of 300–760 m. Outside the
area, South and East Africa east to Vanuatu and Wallis &
Futuna, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low
priority for conservation action.
A n t e n n a r i i d a e – Anglers
Antennarius coccineus (Cuvier in Lesson, 1831) – Scarlet frogfish, freckled angler, freckled frogfish; Grenouille écarlate
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C28)
as Chironectes coccineus.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Demersal, secretive among rocks and sponges, from tidal pools to 75 m
depth. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to
Panama and Chile, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Fremantle/Western Australia and Lord Howe Island.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Antennarius commerson (Lacepède [ex Commerson] in Anonymus, 1798) – Big angler, giant frogfish, Commerson’s frogfish; Grenouille de Commerson
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bleeker (1874: 71) as
A. Commersonii; record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 104–
105), based on MNHN material. Authorship often attributed
to Latreille (1804: 73), but name is available from an earlier
publication by Lacepède [ex Commerson] in Anonymus
(1798: 681) (see Fricke 1999: 105).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Demersal, secretive in lagoon and seaward
reefs, on coral, rock or sand, from tidal pools to 45 m depth.
Outside the area, Red Sea, East Africa and Natal/South Africa east to Panama, north to southern Japan, Ogasawara,
Hawaiian and Society islands, south to Houtman Abrolhos/
Western Australia and Lord Howe Island.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Antennarius hispidus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) – Hispid frogfish, shaggy angler
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Valenciennes in Cu
vier & Valenciennes (1837: 407–412) as Chironectes hispidus; record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 105), based on
SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Demersal,
secretive in lagoon and seaward coral or rocky reefs, on
coral, rock, sand or mud, from shallow water to 90 m depth.
Outside the area, South and East Africa to Indonesia, Samoa
and Tonga, north to Taiwan, south to Broome/Western Australia and Loyalty Islands.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Neue Serie 2
Antennarius nummifer (Cuvier, 1817) – Coin-bearing frogfish,
spotfin angler, spotfin frogfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 106),
based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar. Marine species. Demersal, secretive in lagoon and seaward
coral or rocky reefs, on various substrates, from tidal pools
to 293 m depth. Outside the area, Azores, Madeira, Canary
Islands, St Helena, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to
Hawaiian and Society islands, north to southern Japan, south
to Rottnest Island/Western Australia and northern New Zealand.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Antennarius pictus (Shaw in Shaw & Nodder, 1794) – Painted
frogfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Pietsch & Grobecker
(1987: 79–87); previously listed by Danois (1964: 118) as
Phrynelox polyophthalmus; record of Antennarius pictus
confirmed by Fricke (1999: 106–107), based on MNHN
material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Demersal, secretive in lagoon and seaward
coral reefs, adults mimicking sponges, usually on sponges,
open sand or rock, from shallow water to 75 m depth. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Hawaiian and Society islands, north to Philippines and Midway
Islands, south to Ningaloo Reef/Western Australia, Lord
Howe and Norfolk islands.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Antennarius scriptissimus Jordan, 1902 – Calico frogfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Pietsch & Grobecker
(1987: 123–125) as Antennarius sarasa; record confirmed by
Fricke (1999: 107), based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Demersal, secretive in
rocky reefs, apparently preferring volcanic rock, from shallow water to 185 m depth. Outside the area, Oman east to
Philippines, north to southern Japan, south to New Zealand.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Antennarius striatus (Shaw in Shaw & Nodder, 1794) – Striated
frogfish, striped angler
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Pietsch & Grobecker
(1987: 54–71); previously listed by Guichenot (1863: C28) as
Chironectes scaber; record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 107–
108), based on MNHN and SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Demersal,
secretive in rocky or coral reefs on rock, rubble, sand, or
among seagrass, from shallow water to 219 m depth. Outside
the area, tropical western and eastern Atlantic, Red Sea and
East Africa east to Hawaiian and Society islands, north to
southern Japan, south to Houtman Abrolhos Islands/Western Australia and northern New Zealand.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Histrio histrio (Linnaeus, 1758) – Sargassum frogfish, sargassumfish; Sargasse
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bleeker (1874: 71, 72)
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
as Antennarius histrio and A. marmoratus; previously listed
by Guichenot (1863: C27) as Chironectes Mesogallicus
[misspelling for nesogallicus]; record of Histrio histrio confirmed by Fricke (1999: 108–109), based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Pelagic, adults are associated with floating
seaweed and are usually taken near the surface; frequently
blown into inshore waters by storms; larvae and postlarvae
occur at depths of 50–600 m, but no specimens larger than
4 mm SL were taken below 50 m. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical and temperate oceans.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
C h a u n a c i d a e – Coffinfishes
Chaunax umbrinus Gilbert, 1905
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion and the Mascarenes by
Fricke (1999: 110), based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Demersal, at depths of
183–400 m. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical and subtropical oceans, mainly around volcanic islands.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
EUT. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action.
O g c o c e p h a l i d a e – Seabats
Halieutaea coccinea Alcock, 1889 – Spiny seabat
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion and the Mascarenes by
Fricke (1999: 110), based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Bathydemersal, at depths
around 500 m. Outside the area, South Africa east to Indonesia, south to Western Australia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low
priority for conservation action.
Halieutopsis bathyoreos Bradbury, 1988
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion and the Mascarenes by
Fricke (1999: 110), based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Bathydemersal, at depths
around 1500 m. Outside the area, east to New Guinea, north
to southern Japan.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT.
Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action.
M u g i l i d a e – Mullets
Agonostomus telfairii Bennett, 1832 – Fairy mullet; Chitte
(Réunion), mulet enchanteur (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Playfair & Günther
(1867: 79) as Agonostoma telfairi; previously described as
Nestis cyprinoides by Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenci
ennes (1836: 167–171); subsequently listed as Agonostoma
dobuloides by Bleeker (1874: 79); record confirmed by
Fricke (1999: 357–358), based on MHNRUN and MNHN
material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Sey-
29
chelles. Freshwater, transitional and marine water. Mainly
found in freshwater, but occasionally in estuaries, larvae in
adjacent marine habitats. Endemic to islands in the southwestern Indian Ocean.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, CON.
Local importance. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. Proposed for Annexes II and V of the EU
Habitats Directive.
Chelon melinopterus (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1836) – Giantscale mullet, otomebora mullet; Mulet otomebora
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 359).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Transitional and marine water. Found in shallow coastal waters, entering lagoons, estuaries and rivers. Outside the area, South and East Africa east
to Tuamotu and Marquesas islands, north to Philippines,
south to New Caledonia and Austral Islands.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
CON. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Crenimugil crenilabis (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Fringelip
mullet; Mulet boxeur
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 358),
based on SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Comores. Transitional and marine water. Found in coastal waters, over
sandy or muddy areas of lagoons, reef flats and tide pools;
enters estuaries. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa
east to Marshall, Marquesas and Gambier islands, possibly
east to Hawaiian Islands, north to southern Japan, south to
Lord Howe Island and Rapa.
Conservation. Least concern in Réunion (LC). Threats: FIT,
CON. Not sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Stable populations. Low priority for conservation action.
Ellochelon vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) – Squaretail
mullet, yellowtail mullet; Mulet mopiro
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 359),
based on SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar. Freshwater, transitional and
marine water. Found in lagoons, entering estuaries, rivers
and streams. Outside the area, East Africa east to Marshall,
Gambier and Marquesas islands, north to southern Japan,
south to Shark Bay/Western Australia, New South Wales/
Australia, New Caledonia and Rapa.
Conservation. Least concern in Réunion (LC). Threats: FIT,
CON. Not sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Stable populations. Low priority for conservation action.
Moolgarda cunnesius (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1836) – Longarm mullet; Mulet, muge (Réunion), mulet
longue aile (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by M arquet et al. (1997:
30); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 361–362), based on
MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar. Freshwater, transitional and
marine water. Found in coastal waters including lagoons,
entering estuaries, rivers and streams. Outside the area, Red
Sea, East and South Africa east to New Guinea and Vanuatu,
north to Taiwan, south to northern Australia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
CON. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
30
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
Moolgarda robusta (Günther, 1861) – Robust mullet; Mulet robuste
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as Valamugil robustus by
Marquet et al. (1997: 30); record confirmed by Fricke (1999:
362), based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar.
Freshwater, transitional and marine water. Found in coastal
waters including lagoons, entering estuaries, rivers and
streams. Outside the area, southeastern Africa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
CON. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Moolgarda seheli (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Bluespot mullet;
Mulet à tache bleue
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Blanc & Postel (1958:
368); previously listed as Mugil axillaris by Guichenot
(1863: C27), and as Mugil coeruleomaculatus by Bleeker
(1874: 79); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 360), based on
MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles. Freshwater, transitional and marine water. Found in
coastal waters including lagoons, entering estuaries, rivers
and streams. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east
to Hawaiian and Marquesas islands, north to southern Japan,
south to Derby/Western Australia and Norfolk Island.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
CON. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758 – Flathead mullet; Mulet, muge
(Réunion), mulet cabot (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Thomson & Luther
(1984: 2 unnumbered pp.); previously described as M. borbonicus by Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes (1836:
113–114), and listed as M. cephalotes by Bleeker (1874: 79);
record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 360–361), based on
MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles. Freshwater, transitional and marine water. Found in
coastal waters including lagoons, entering estuaries, rivers
and streams. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical and
temperate seas, in the Indian Ocean north to Red Sea.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
CON. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
A t h e r i n i d a e – Silversides
Atherinomorus lacunosus (Bloch & Schneider [ex Forster], 1801)
– Hardyhead silverside; Athérine têtue
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Ivantsoff (1984: 2 unnumbered pp.) previously listed by Guichenot (1863: C27) as
Atherina pectoralis and Bleeker (1874: 79) as Atherina pinguis; record of Atherinomorus lacunosus confirmed by
Fricke (1999: 111–113), based on MHNRUN, MNHN and
SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar,
Seychelles. Transitional water and marine. Pelagic, schooling along sandy shorelines and reef margins, at depths of
0–39 m. Outside the area, Indo-West Pacific from Red Sea
and East Africa east to Hawaiian and Tuamotu islands, north
to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western
Australia, New South Wales/Australia and Rapa, recently
immigrated into eastern Mediterranean through Suez Canal.
Neue Serie 2
Conservation. Least concern in Réunion (LC). Threats: FIT,
FIB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
E x o c o e t i d a e – Flying fishes
Cheilopogon cyanopterus (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847) – Blackwing flyingfish; Exocet cadène
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion area by Parin & Gibbs
(1984: 7).
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Pelagic, oceanic, schooling in the upper 20 m of depth, often near the surface. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical and subtropical seas, in
the Indian Ocean north to Red Sea, south to Natal/South
Africa.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIB, EUT.
Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low priority for conservation action.
Cheilopogon furcatus (Mitchill, 1815) – Spotfin flyingfish;
Exocet tacheté
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion area by Parin & Gibbs
(1984: 9).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Pelagic, oceanic, schooling near the
surface. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical and subtropical ocean waters, in the Indian Ocean south to Cape of
Good Hope/South Africa and Western Australia.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIB, EUT.
Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low priority for conservation action.
Cheilopogon nigricans (Bennett, 1840) – African flyingfish;
Exocet africain
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion area by Parin & Gibbs
(1984: 11).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues. Marine species.
Pelagic, oceanic, schooling near the surface. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical and subtropical ocean waters, in
the Indian Ocean south to Aldabra and Natal/South Africa.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIB, EUT.
Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low priority for conservation action.
Cypselurus naresii (Günther, 1889) – Pharao flyingfish; Exocet
pharaon
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion area by Parin & Gibbs
(1984: 15).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar. Marine species. Pelagic, oceanic, schooling near the surface.
Outside the area, East Africa east to Marquesas Islands,
north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIB, EUT.
Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low priority for conservation action.
Cypselurus poecilopterus (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847) – Yellow-wing flyingfish; Exocet aile jaune
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion area by Parin & Gibbs
(1984: 19).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues. Marine species.
Pelagic, oceanic, schooling near the surface. Outside the
area, East Africa east to Wake Atoll, Samoa and Tonga,
north to southern Japan, south to North-West Cape/Western
Australia, Queensland/Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIB, EUT.
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low priority for conservation action.
Exocoetus monocirrhus Richardson, 1846 – Two-wing flyingfish, barbel flyingfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion area by Parin & Gibbs
(1984: 2 unnumbered pp.).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar. Marine species. Pelagic, oceanic, schooling near the surface.
Outside the area, East Africa east to Panama, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIB, EUT.
Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low priority for conservation action.
Exocoetus volitans Linnaeus, 1758 – Tropical two-wing flyingfish; Exocet volant
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion area by Parin & Gibbs
(1984: 2 unnumbered pp.); previously listed by Guichenot
(1863: C29) as E. Commersonii and E. evolans, and by
Bleeker (1874: 101) as E. brachysoma; record confirmed by
Fricke (1999: 122–123), based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Pelagic, oceanic, schooling near the
surface. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical and subtropical waters, north to Red Sea, south to Western Australia
at 22°S, Queensland/Australia at 17°S, New Caledonia, Tonga and Rapa.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIB, EUT.
Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low priority for conservation action.
Parexocoetus brachypterus (Günther, 1866) – Sailfin flyingfish; Exocet voilier
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion area by Parin & Gibbs
(1984: 2 unnumbered pp.); confirmed by Fricke (1999: 123),
based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Pelagic, oceanic, schooling near the surface.
Outside the area, East Africa east to Hawaiian and Marquesas islands, south to Western Australia, Queensland/Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga, Panama (East Pacific).
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIB, EUT.
Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low priority for conservation action.
31
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Transitional water and marine. Found in
areas rich in vegetation and sand flats, also entering estuaries, at depths of 0–6 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and
South Africa, east to Philippines, Samoa and Tonga, north to
Izu Peninsula/southern Japan, south to Broome/Western
Australia, New South Wales/Australia and New Caledonia,
recently immigrated through Suez Canal into Mediterranean
Sea.
Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: FIT,
FIB, HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant
decline. Low priority for conservation action.
Hyporhamphus erythrorinchus (LeSueur, 1821) – Mauritius
halfbeak; Balaou (Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C29)
as Hemirhamphus erythrorhynchus.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Cargados Carajos. Transitional water and marine. Pelagic, at depths of 0–6 m. Endemic to
islands in the southwestern Indian Ocean.
Conservation. Extinct in Réunion (RE). Threats: FIT, FIB,
HAB, EUT. Local importance. Sensitive to human activities. High priority for conservation action.
B e l o n i d a e – Garpikes, needlefishes
Ablennes hians (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846)
– Flat needlefish, barred needlefish; Orphie plate
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1992:
unpag. 1); previously listed by Guichenot (1863: C29) as
Belone melanostigma; record of Ablennes hians confirmed
by Fricke (1999: 116), based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Freshwater, transitional water
and marine. Found in coastal waters near the surface, including estuaries and lower reaches of rivers, at depths of
0–3 m. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical and warm
temperate waters, in Indian Ocean north to Red Sea, south to
Algoa Bay/South Africa.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, EUT.
Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low priority for conservation action.
H e m i r a m p h i d a e – Halfbeaks
Platybelone platyura (Bennett, 1832) – Keeltail needlefish; Orphie carène
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bleeker (1874: 100) as
Mastaccembelus platurus. Usually treated as a subspecies of
Platybelone argalus (LeSueur, 1821).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Aldabra, Seychelles. Freshwater, transitional water and marine.
Found in inshore and offshore waters near the surface, including estuaries and lower reaches of rivers, at depths of
0–2 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Hawaiian, Easter and Sala-y-Gomez islands, north to east of central Japan
and Ogasawara Islands, south to Kimberleys/Western Australia, Lord Howe and Kermadec islands, and Rapa.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, EUT.
Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low priority for conservation action.
Hemiramphus far (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Black-barred
halfbeak; Demi-bec bagnard
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bleeker (1874: 101) as
Hemirhamphus far; previously listed by Guichenot (1863:
C29) as Hemirhamphus Commersonii; record confirmed by
Fricke (1999: 118–119), based on MNHN material.
Strongylura leiura (Bleeker, 1850) – Yellowfin needlefish; Orphie littorale
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1991:
164).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Aldabra, Seychelles. Transitional water and marine. Found in coastal
Prognichthys sealei Abe, 1955 – Sailor flyingfish; Exocet matelot
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion area by Parin & Gibbs
(1984: 33).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues. Marine species.
Pelagic, oceanic, schooling near the surface. Outside the
area, East and South Africa east to Hawaiian Islands, possibly also eastern Pacific.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIB, EUT.
Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low priority for conservation action.
32
Neue Serie 2
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
waters near the surface, including estuaries and lower reaches of rivers, at depths of 0–3 m. Outside the area, East Africa
east to Hawaiian, Easter and Sala-y-Gomez islands, north to
central Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Kimberleys/
Western Australia, Lord Howe and Kermadec islands, and
Rapa.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, EUT.
Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low priority for conservation action.
Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & LeSueur in LeSueur, 1821) –
Hound needlefish, crocodile needlefish; Aiguille (Réunion),
orphie crocodile (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C29)
as Belone crocodila; subsequently listed by Bleeker (1874:
100) as Mastaccembelus choram (non Rüppell, 1837); record
confirmed by Fricke (1999: 117), based on MNHN material.
Usually treated as the nominal subspecies of Tylosurus cro
codilus, with another subspecies, T. c. fodiator, in the eastern Pacific.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Transitional water and marine. Pelagic
over lagoon and seaward reefs, at depths of 0–13 m. Outside
the area, worldwide in tropical and warm temperate oceans,
except for eastern Pacific.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, EUT.
Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant
decline. Low priority for conservation action.
P o e c i l i i d a e – Poeciliids
Gambusia holbrooki Girard in Agassiz, 1859 – Holbrook’s mosquitofish
Taxonomy. Recorded from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 114).
Distribution. Introduced into Réunion waters; not native of
Réunion. Freshwater and transitional water. Outside the area,
originally southeastern North America, introduced worldwide in tropical and warm temperate freshwater habitats.
Conservation. Not evaluated in Réunion (NE). No conservation
scheme, as the species is not native.
Poecilia reticulata Peters, 1859 – Guppy; Guppy
Taxonomy. Recorded from Réunion by Starmühlner (1979:
671).
Distribution. Introduced into Réunion waters; not native of
Réunion. Freshwater and transitional water. Outside the
area, originally South America from Venezuela and Guayanas to northeastern Brazil, Trinidad and Barbados, introduced worldwide in tropical and warm temperate freshwater
habitats.
Conservation. Not evaluated in Réunion (NE). No conservation
scheme, as the species is not native.
Xiphophorus hellerii Heckel, 1848 – Green swordtail; Porteépée
Taxonomy. Recorded from Réunion by Marquet et al. (1997:
29); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 114), based on
LEMUR and MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Introduced into Réunion waters; not native of
Réunion. Freshwater and transitional water. Outside the
area, originally Mexico, introduced worldwide into tropical
freshwater habitats.
Conservation. Not evaluated in Réunion (NE). No conservation
scheme, as the species is not native.
Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther, 1866) – Southern platyfish
Taxonomy. Recorded from Réunion by Starmühlner (1979: 670,
674); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 115), based on
MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Introduced into Réunion waters; not native of
Réunion. Freshwater and transitional water. Outside the
area, originally Mexico, introduced worldwide into tropical
freshwater habitats.
Conservation. Not evaluated in Réunion (NE). No conservation
scheme, as the species is not native.
M o n o c e n t r i d a e – Pineapple fishes
Monocentris japonica (Houttuyn, 1782) – Pinecone fish, pineapple fish; Poisson ananas
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 124–
125), based on MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar. Marine species. Found under ledges and in caves of rocky reefs,
at depths of 10–200 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and
South Africa east to Philippines, north to Korea, southern
Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to South Australia, Kermadec Islands and northern New Zealand.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT.
Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline unknown.
Low priority for conservation action.
A n o m a l o p i d a e – Flashlight fishes
Photoblepharon steinitzi Abe & Haneda, 1973 – Blue-lined
flashlight fish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion and the Mascarenes by
Fricke (1999: 125).
Distribution. Réunion, Comores. Marine species. Found during
the day in deep rock caves at 300–500 m, ascending to the
coral reef at 0–20 m during the night. Outside the area, Red
Sea east to Maldives.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
EUT, HAB. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown.
Low priority for conservation action.
B e r y c i d a e – Berycids
Beryx decadactylus Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1829 –
Alfonsino; Beryx commun
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 125),
based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar Ridge, Comores,
Seychelles. Marine species. Bathydemersal on sand and mud
bottoms, at depths of 110–1000 m. Outside the area, anti
equatorial in Atlantic and western Indian Oceans, Korea and
Japan to Hawaiian Islands, New Guinea and Australia to
northern New Zealand.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
FIB. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
T r a c h i c h t h y i d a e – Roughies
Remarks. Hoplostethus sp. was recorded from Réunion by Dur
ville et al. (submitted), based on MHNRUN material (new
record for the family).
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
H o l o c e n t r i d a e – Squirrelfishes and soldierfishes
Myripristis adusta Bleeker, 1853 – Shadowfin soldier; Marignan
ombré
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Chabanet (1994:
237).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in coral-rich areas of dropoffs and steep channel slopes, and also on rocky reefs, hiding
in holes and crevices during the day, at depths of 1–25 m.
Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to
Line and Tuamotu islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to
Port Hedland/Western Australia, New Caledonia, Tonga and
Austral Islands.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline.
High priority for conservation action.
Myripristis berndti Jordan & Evermann, 1903 – Blotcheye soldierfish, bigscale soldierfish; Cardinal (Réunion), marignan
à œillères (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by R andall & Guézé
(1981: 12–13); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 127), based
on BPBM, LEMUR and SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in coral-rich areas of subtidal reef flats,
channels and margins of outer reef slopes, and also on rocky
reefs, hiding in holes and crevices during the day, at depths
of 1–50 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa
east to Costa Rica, north to Ryukyu, Ogasawara and Midway islands, south to Western Australia at 22°S, Lord Howe
and Kermadec islands, and Rapa.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Myripristis botche Cuvier, 1829 – Blacktip soldierfish; Mar ig
nan poklé
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on a specimen
observed during a visual census on the outer coral reef, in
2004 (T. Mulochau, P. Durville, E. Tessier, P. Chabanet).
Distribution. Réunion, Rodrigues. Marine species. Found in
coral reefs, hiding in holes and crevices during the day, at
depths of 25–71 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and
South Africa east to Philippines, north to Ryukyu Islands,
south to New Caledonia.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Myripristis chryseres Jordan & Evermann, 1903 – Yellowfin
soldierfish; Cardinal queue jaune (Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by R andall (1982: 200);
previously listed by Bleeker (1873a: 94–96) as M. borbonicus (non Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1831); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 127–128), based on BPBM,
LEMUR, MNHN and RMNH material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores. Marine species.
Found on steep outer reef slopes, hiding in holes and crevices during the day, at depths of 12–240 m. Outside the area,
Red Sea and Natal/South Africa east to Hawaiian and Society islands, north to southern Japan, Ogasawara Islands and
Midway Atoll, south to Queensland/Australia at 15°50'S.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
33
Myripristis hexagona (Lacepède, 1802) – Doubletooth soldierfish; Marignan à deux dents
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bleeker (1874: 86) as
M. hexagonus; record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 128),
based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in coral reefs, hiding in holes and crevices during the day, at depths of 1–40 m. Outside the area,
South and East Africa east to Samoa and Tonga, north to
Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to Western Australia
at 20°29'S, Queensland/Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low
priority for conservation action.
Myripristis kuntee Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1831
– Shoulderbar soldierfish, epaulette soldierfish, pearly soldierfish; Marignan ardoisé
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Blanc & Postel
(1958: 368, 373); previously described as M. borbonius (not
borbonicus as stated by subsequent authors) by Valen
ciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes (1831: 489), and listed by
Sauvage (1891: 5–6) as M. seychellensis; record confirmed
by Fricke (1999: 128–129), based on BPBM and MNHN
material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in coral reefs,
hiding in holes and crevices during the day, at depths of
5–40 m. Outside the area, east to Hawaiian and Marquesas
islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands,
south to Western Australia, Lord Howe Island, and Tonga.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low
priority for conservation action.
Myripristis murdjan (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Pinecone
soldierfish, blotcheye soldier, red soldierfish; Cardinal gros
écailles (Réunion), marignan pomme de pin (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 90) as M. murdjan and M. bowditchae; record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 129–130), based on LEMUR,
MNHN and SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found
on subtidal reef flats, channels and margins of outer reef
slopes, and also on rocky reefs, hiding in holes and crevices
during the day, at depths of 0–50 m. Outside the area, Red
Sea, East and South Africa east to Wake Atoll, Midway
Atoll, Samoa and Tonga, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to
Point Quobba/Western Australia, New South Wales/Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Myripristis seychellensis Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1829 – Seychelles soldier
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by R andall & Guézé
(1981: 10–11).
Distribution. Réunion, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in coral reefs, hiding
in holes and crevices during the day, at depths of 2–21 m.
Endemic to islands in the southwestern Indian Ocean.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
High priority for conservation action.
34
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
Myripristis vittata Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1831
– Immaculate soldier, white-tipped soldierfish; Cardinal petit écailles (Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Biais & Taquet (1992:
75); previously listed by Sauvage (1891: 12–15) as M. seychellensis (part: non Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1829); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 131), based on
BPBM, MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in coral reefs, hiding in holes and crevices during the day, at depths of 3–80 m. Outside the area,
East Africa east to Hawaiian and Marquesas islands, north
to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western
Australia, Queensland/Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
High priority for conservation action.
Neoniphon aurolineatus (Liénard, 1839) – Yellow-striped squirrelfish; Marignan à bandes jaunes
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by R andall & Heemstra
(1985: 3–4); previously listed by Fourmanoir & Guézé
(1962b: 7) as Holocentrus anjouanae; record of Neoniphon
aurolineatus confirmed by Fricke (1999: 131–132), based on
BPBM and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra. Marine species. Living on outer reef slopes, at depths
of 30–160 m, during the day in caves, during the night outside feeding on plankton. Outside the area, Maldives east to
Hawaiian and Marquesas islands, north to southern Japan
and Ogasawara Islands, south to northern Great Barrier
Reef/ Australia.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Neoniphon opercularis (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1831) – Blackfin squirrelfish; Marignan aile noire
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on specimens observed and photographed during a visual census on the outer
and inner coral reef, in 2004 (T. Mulochau, P. Durville, E.
Tessier, P. Chabanet).
Distribution. Réunion, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found
in coral and rocky reefs, at depths of 1–25 m. Outside the
area, East Africa east to Line Islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown.
Low priority for conservation action.
Neoniphon sammara (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Bloodspot
squirrelfish; Marignan tacheté
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863:
C24) as Holocentrum sammara; record confirmed by
Fricke (1999: 132–133), based on LEMUR and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found
in seagrass beds and hard bottom habitats on lagoon and
seaward coral and rocky reefs, often associated with branching Acropora coral, at depths of 0–46 m. Outside the area,
Red Sea and East Africa east to Line Islands and Pitcairn
Group, north to southern Japan, Ogasawara and Hawaiian
islands, south to Western Australia at 20°33'S, Lord Howe
Island, Tonga and Rapa.
Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: FIT,
Neue Serie 2
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Ostichthys archiepiscopus (Valenciennes, 1862) – Longsnout
soldier; Cardinal (Réunion), marignan cuirassé (France)
Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by Valenciennes
(1862: 1169–1170); subsequently listed by Guichenot (1863:
C24) as Myripristis japonicus (non Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1829); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 133–
134), based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Bathydemersal, at depths of 146–400 m. Outside the area, Ryukyu, Ogasawara, Hawaiian and Society islands, probably more widespread.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
EUT. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action.
Ostichthys delta Randall, Shimizu & Yamakawa, 1982 – Redcoat
Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by R andall et
al. (1982: 18, fig. 11); record confirmed by Fricke (1999:
134), based on BPBM, MNHN and USNM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Comores. Marine species. Found on deep
reefs, known from depths of 150–200 m. Outside the area,
Samoa, probably more widespread.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
EUT. Local importance. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline unknown. Medium priority for conservation action.
Ostichthys kaianus (Günther, 1880) – Kai soldierfish, deepwater
soldier; Lancette de creux (Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by R andall & Heemstra
in Smith & Heemstra (1986: 426); previously described as
Myripristis (Holotrachys) guezei by Postel (1962: 158–161,
figs. 1–2); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 134), based on
MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Comores. Marine species. Living on
deep reefs, known from depths of 310–640 m. Outside the
area, Indonesia east to Mariana Islands and Samoa, north to
Ryukyu Islands, south to Shark Bay/Western Australia and
Loyalty Islands.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
EUT. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action.
Pristilepis oligolepis (Whitley, 1941) – Spinyface soldierfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by R andall & Heemstra
in Smith & Heemstra (1986: 426–427).
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Living on deeper reefs,
known from depths of 14–220 m. Outside the area, Western
Australia, Japan and Ogasawara Islands, Hawaiian Islands,
Lord Howe Island, Easter Island. Probably more widespread.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
FIB, HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action.
Sargocentron caudimaculatum (Rüppell, 1838) – Silverspot
squirrelfish, tailspot squirrelfish; Marignan rouge et argent
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 89) as Holocentrus caudimaculatus.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in outer coral reef areas, also
in lagoons and around drop-offs, at depths of 2–40 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East Africa and Transkei/South Af-
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
rica east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to
southern Japan and Minami Tori Shima, south to Western
Australia at 17°30'S, Queensland/Australia, New Caledonia
and Tonga.
Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Sargocentron diadema (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1802) –
Crown squirrelfish; Soldat couronné
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 90) as Holocentrus diadema; record confirmed by
Fricke (1999: 135–137), based on BPBM, MNHN and SMNS
material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found
in shallow coral and rocky reefs, including tidal pools, at
depths of 0–60 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South
Africa east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to
Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to Western Australia
at 17°30'S, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, and Austral Islands.
Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Sargocentron inaequalis Randall & Heemstra, 1985 – Lattice
squirrelfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by R andall (1998: 34–35,
fig. 12); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 137), based on
MNHN material. Also MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Comores, Seychelles. Marine species.
Found in coral reefs, at depths of 6–20 m. Outside the area,
Chagos Archipelago, Line Islands. Probably more widespread.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
High priority for conservation action.
Sargocentron ittodai (Jordan & Fowler, 1902) – Samurai squirrelfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by R andall & Heemstra
(1985: 10–11); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 137), based
on BPBM and RMNH material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Seychelles. Marine
species. Found on outer coral reef slopes, at depths of 2–70 m.
Outside the area, Red Sea and Natal/South Africa east to
Marquesas Islands, south to New South Wales/Australia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Sargocentron melanospilos (Bleeker, 1858) – Blackblotch squirrelfish; Beauclaire
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 138),
based on MNHN material. Also MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found in coral and rocky
reefs, at depths of 5–90 m. Outside the area, Comores and
Seychelles east to Wake Atoll, Marshall Islands, Samoa and
Tonga, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to
Western Australia, Queensland/Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
35
Sargocentron punctatissimum (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1829) – Speckled squirrelfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1991:
164); previously listed by H armelin-Vivien (1976: 90) as
Holocentrus lacteoguttatus; record of Sargocentron punctatissimum confirmed by Fricke (1999: 138–139), based on
LEMUR, MHNRUN, MNHN, SMNS and USNM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found
in coral and rocky reefs including lagoon habitats and tidal
pools, at depths of 0–183 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East
and South Africa east to Hawaiian and Easter islands, north
to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western
Australia at 17°30'S, New Caledonia and Rapa.
Conservation. Least concern in Réunion (LC). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Stable populations. Low priority for conservation action.
Sargocentron seychellense (Smith & Smith, 1963) – Seychelles
squirrelfish, yellow-tipped squirrelfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 139–
140); previously described in part from Réunion by Lacepède
(1802: 253, 273–276) as Centropomus ruber, a secondary
homonym of Sciaena rubra Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in shallow
waters of coral reefs and rocky shores, often between branching corals, at depths of 0–20 m. Outside the area, Oman,
Chagos Archipelago. Endemic to islands in the tropical
southwestern Indian Ocean.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Sargocentron spiniferum (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Sabre
squirrelfish, long-jawed squirrelfish; Cardinal lancette
(Réunion), marignan sabre (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bleeker (1874: 86) as
Holocentrum spiniferum; previously listed by Guichenot
(1863: C24) as Holocentrum leo; record confirmed by Fricke
(1999: 140–141), based on LEMUR, MHNRUN and MNHN
material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found
in coral reefs from reef flats to lagoon and seaward reefs, at
depths of 1–122 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and
South Africa east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn Group,
north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to
Western Australia at 17°30'S, Queensland/Australia, New
Caledonia and Rapa.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
High priority for conservation action.
Sargocentron tiere (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1829) –
Red squirrelfish, blue-lined squirrelfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1992:
unpag. 1); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 141–142),
based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found along exposed reef margins
and outer reef slopes, at depths of 1–183 m. Outside the area,
east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western Australia at 21°40'S, Queensland/Australia at 15°50'S, New Caledonia, Tonga, and Austral Islands.
36
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Sargocentron tiereoides (Bleeker, 1853) – Pink squirrelfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Durville et al. (submitted), based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Comores. Marine species. Found on outer reef slopes, on the reef flat and lagoon patch reefs, at
depths of 3–46 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Hawaiian, Line and Tuamotu islands, north to Ryukyu and
Wake islands, south to Vanuatu and Tonga.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
G r a m m i c o l e p i d i d a e – Tinselfishes
Xenolepidichthys dalgleishi Gilchrist, 1922 – Spotted tinselfish
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on photographed
specimens collected by local fishermen, off Saint-Paul, at
450 m depth, in 2008 (P. Durville, T. Mulochau).
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Benthopelagic, at depths
of 200–885 m. Outside the area, tropical Atlantic and IndoWest Pacific oceans.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low
priority for conservation action.
P e g a s i d a e – Seamoths
Eurypegasus draconis (Linné, 1766) – Short dragonfish; Pégase
dracon
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C30)
as Pegasus draco; record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 142–
143), based on MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Transitional water and marine. Found in lagoons, often among algal or seagrass beds, mainly on mud or sand bottom and in estuaries,
at depths of 1–91 m (Réunion: 1–20 m). Outside the area,
Red Sea and East Africa east to Marshall and Marquesas islands, north to southern Japan, south to Dampier Archipelago/Western Australia, New South Wales/Australia and Lord
Howe Island.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT.
Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium
priority for conservation action.
A u l o s t o m i d a e – Trumpetfishes
Aulostomus chinensis (Linné, 1766) – Chinese trumpetfish;
Poisson trompette
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C28)
as Aulostoma Chinensis; subsequently listed by Fourmanoir
& Guézé (1963: 8) as Aulostomus valentini; record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 143–144), based on LEMUR,
MHNRUN, SMNS and USNM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in coral and rocky
reefs, at depths of 2–122 m. Outside the area, South and East
Africa east to Panama, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara, Hawaiian, Johnston and Easter islands, south to
Western Australia at 31°52'S, Lord Howe and Kermadec islands, and Rapa.
Neue Serie 2
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
FIB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
S y n g n a t h i d a e – Seahorses and pipefishes
Choeroichthys sculptus (Günther, 1870) – Sculptured pipefish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur et al.
(2004: 210), based on a specimen collected in Saint-Gilles
Harbour, and kept alive for a year in Saint-Gilles Aquarium.
Distribution. Madagascar, Aldabra. Marine species. Found on
reef flats and seagrass areas, including tidal pools; at depths
of 0–9 m. Outside the area, East Africa to Line, Society and
Gambier islands, north to southern Japan, south to Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Choeroichthys valencienni (Kaup, 1856) – Indian Ocean shortbodied pipefish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Günther (1870: 187) as
Doryichthys valenciennii; subsequently listed by Bleeker
(1874: 75) as Doryichthys brachysoma (non Bleeker, 1855);
record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 147) as Choeroichthys
brachysoma (non Bleeker, 1855), based on SMNS material.
Taxonomic decision of Kuiter (2000: 144).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Aldabra,
Amirantes. Marine species. Found in coral reefs and seagrass areas, including tidal pools; at depths of 0–25 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Corythoichthys flavofasciatus (Rüppell, 1838) – Network pipefish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 90) as Corithoichthys flavofasciatus; record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 147–148), based on SMNS and
USNM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Amirantes. Marine species. Found among
algal-matted rock and living corals of lagoon and seaward
coral and rocky reefs, at depths of 0–25 m. Outside the area,
Red Sea and East Africa east to Indonesia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Corythoichthys haematopterus (Bleeker, 1851) – Bloodspot
pipefish, reef-top pipefish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 148),
based on LEMUR, MHNRUN and SMNS material; previously listed by Guichenot (1863: C30) as Corythoichthys
fasciatus (sensu Gray, 1830; non Risso, 1810).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in shallow protected areas of rubble and
sand, usually semi-silty zones, associated with coral or
rocky reefs, at depths of 0–21 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Palau/Belau and Vanuatu north to southern Japan, south to northwestern Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
Corythoichthys schultzi Herald in Schultz, Herald, Lachner, Welander & Woods, 1953 – Guilded pipefish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1992:
unpag. 1); previously listed by Harmelin-Vivien (1976: 90)
as Corythoichthys cf. schultzi.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Seychelles. Marine
species. Found among corals or sea fans in lagoon and seaward reefs, occasionally also in rocky reefs, at depths of
2–30 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East Africa east to Marshall Islands and Tonga, south to Rowley Shoals/Western
Australia and Queensland/Australia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
HOS, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Doryrhamphus bicarinatus (Dawson, 1981) – Indian Ocean
bluestripe pipefish
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion; previously listed by
Harmelin-Vivien (1976: 90) as D. melanopleura (non Bleeker, 1858), by Letourneur (1991: 164) as D. excisus (non
Kaup, 1856), and by Fricke (1999: 149–150) as D. excisus
excisus (non Kaup, 1856), based on LEMUR, SMNS and
USNM material. Taxonomic decision of Kuiter (2000: 92).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Cargados Carajos, Aldabra, Amirantes. Marine species. Found in
shallow lagoon and coral and rocky reef areas, including
tidal pools; at depths of 0–20 m. Outside the area, East and
South Africa east to Andaman Sea.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Dunckerocampus multiannulatus (Regan, 1903) – Many-banded
pipefish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur et al.
(2004: 204).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Seychelles. Marine species.
Found among coral and in reef caves and crevices, at depths
of 3–45 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa
east to Sumatera/Indonesia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Halicampus mataafae (Jordan & Seale, 1906) – Samoan pipefish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Dawson (1985: 89–90);
record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 150), based on BPBM
material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Aldabra, Agalega Islands,
Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in coral and rocky
reefs including tidal pools, at depths of 0–15 m. Outside the
area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Marshall Islands, Samoa and Tonga, north to Taiwan and Palau/Belau,
south to Queensland/Australia at 15°28'S, Chesterfield Islands and Tonga.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Hippocampus borboniensis Duméril, 1870 – Réunion seahorse
Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by Duméril
(1870: 520); listed by Fricke (1999: 152) as H. whitei (non
Bleeker, 1855), based on MNHN material. Taxonomic decision of Lourie et al. (1999: 79).
Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species.
Found on soft bottoms and on sponges, at depths of
37
3–60 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa east to
Maldives.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB,
EUT (FIT in other areas). Sensitive to human activities. Severe decline. High priority for conservation action. Proposed
for Annexes II and IV of the EU Habitats Directive, as a
prioritary species.
Hippocampus jayakari Boulenger, 1900 – Spiny seahorse; Hippocampe épineux
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion; previously listed by
Guichenot (1863: C30) as H. hystrix (non Kaup, 1856), by
Bleeker (1874: 76) as H. guttulatus (non Cuvier, 1829), and
by Fricke (1999: 151) as H. histrix (non Kaup, 1856), based
on MNHN material. Taxonomic decision of Kuiter (2000:
31).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Seychelles. Marine species.
Found on rubble-algae habitats and on soft bottoms on
sponges, at depths of 3–20 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and
East Africa east to Maldives.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB,
EUT (FIT in other areas). Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Severe decline. High priority for conservation action.
Proposed for Annexes II and IV of the EU Habitats Directive, as a prioritary species.
Microphis millepunctatus (Kaup, 1856) – Shorttail pipefish;
Syngnathe (Réunion)
Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by K aup (1856b:
60) as Doryichthys millepunctatus; subsequently listed by
Duméril (1870: 595–596) as Microphis brachyurus; record
confirmed by Fricke (1999: 152–153) as M. brachyurus
millepunctatus, based on MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Taxonomic decision (raising the subspecies to species level)
of the present paper.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Freshwater and
transitional water. Found in brackish estuaries and lower
reaches of freshwater streams. Outside the area, East and
South Africa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT,
CON. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Nannocampus pictus (Duncker, 1915) – Reef pipefish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 153),
based on SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found on
mixed sand and seagrass habitats adjacent to coral reefs, including tidal pools, at depths of 0–10 m. Outside the area,
South and East Africa east to Queensland/Australia (south to
24°30'S), north to Sri Lanka.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Trachyrhamphus bicoarctatus (Bleeker, 1857) – Double-ended
pipefish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur et al.
(2004: 204).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species.
Found in subtidal lagoon and seaward reefs, usually among
algae or seagrass, at depths of 1–42 m. Outside the area, Red
Sea and East Africa east to Mariana Islands and New Caledonia, north to southern Japan.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
38
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
Neue Serie 2
F i s t u l a r i i d a e – Flutemouths
D a c t y l o p t e r i d a e – Flying gurnards
Fistularia commersonii Rüppell, 1838 – Blue-spotted cornetfish; Trompette (Réunion), cornette à taches bleues
(France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1998:
282); previously listed by Guichenot (1863: C28) as F. tabaccaria (non Linnaeus, 1758); record confirmed by Fricke
(1999: 144–145), based on MNHN and SMNS material. Also
MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar. Marine species. Found in coral and rocky reefs, and
on sand bottoms adjacent to reefs, at depths of 0–128 m.
Outside the area, Ascension Island, Red Sea, East and South
Africa east to Panama, north to southern Japan, Ogasawara
and Hawaiian islands, south to Western Australia at 19°09'S,
New Zealand and Rapa, immigrated into the Mediterranean
Sea through Suez Canal.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Dactyloptena orientalis (Cuvier, 1829) – Common helmet gurnard; Poisson volant (Réunion), grondin volant (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C24)
as Dactylopterus orientalis and Cephalacanthus spinarella
(non Linnaeus, 1758); listed by Bleeker (1874: 76) as Corystion volitans (non Linnaeus, 1758); record of Dactyloptena
orientalis confirmed by Fricke (1999: 168–169), based on
MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Benthic, on sandy substrates adjacent to coral reefs, at depths of 1–100 m. Outside
the area, South and East Africa to Hawaiian Islands and
Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western Australia, New South Wales/Australia, New Caledonia, Tonga and Rapa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
FIB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Fistularia petimba Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1803 – Red cornetfish, serrate flutemouth; Trompette (Réunion), cornette
rouge (France)
Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by Lacepède
(1803: 349–355); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 145),
based on MNHN material. Also MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found above soft bottoms adjacent
to coral and rocky reefs, at depths of 10–200 m. Outside the
area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Panama, north
to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Victoria/
Australia and New Caledonia; also tropical Atlantic Ocean.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
S o l e n o s t o m i d a e – Ghost pipefishes
Solenostomus cyanopterus Bleeker, 1854 – Ghost pipefish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fritzsche in Smith &
Heemstra (1986: 459); record confirmed by Fricke (1999:
145–146), based on BPBM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar. Marine species. Found in coastal coral reefs and adjacent lagoons, at depths of 0–25 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East
and South Africa east to Mariana Islands, north to southern
Japan, south to Shark Bay/Western Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Solenostomus paradoxus (Pallas, 1770) – Ghost pipefish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 146),
based on an underwater photograph.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores. Marine species.
Found in or adjacent to coral reefs among branches of gorgonians, floating weeds, or crinoids, at depths of 0–20 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Marshall Islands, Fiji and
Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia
at 17°06'S and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Dactyloptena peterseni (Nyström, 1887) – Starry helmet gurnard; Poisson volant (Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion and the Mascarenes by
Fricke (1999: 169), based on MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Benthic on soft bottoms,
at depths of 50–210 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa east to Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to northern
Australia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
EUT. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action.
S e t a r c h i d a e – Deepwater scorpionfishes
Setarches longimanus (Alcock, 1894) – Redsmooth scorpionfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Durville et al. (submitted), based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Bathydemersal, at depths
of 180–704 m. Outside the area, Andaman Islands east to
Philippines, north to southern Japan, south to northwestern
Australia, Queensland/Australia, and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
EUT. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action.
S c o r p a e n i d a e – Scorpionfishes
Caracanthus madagascariensis (Guichenot, 1869) – Spotted
croucher
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1992: 53,
unpag. 2); previously listed by Harmelin-Vivien (1976: 91)
as C. maculatus (non Gray, 1831).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Agalega Islands, Cargados Carajos. Marine species.
Found in coral reefs, associated with and among live Acro
pora corals, at depths of 0–22 m. Outside the area, Sodwana
Bay/South Africa and East Africa east to Maldives and Chagos Archipelago.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB,
HOS, EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
Caracanthus unipinna (Gray, 1831) – Pygmy coral croucher
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 168),
based on underwater observations.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in coral reefs, associated
with and among live Acropora and Stylophora corals, at
depths of 0–20 m. Outside the area, South and East Africa
east to Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western Australia, Great Barrier
Reef/Australia at 23°30'S, Loyalty Islands, Tonga and Rapa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
HOS, EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Dendrochirus biocellatus (Fowler, 1938) – Twinspot lionfish,
ocellated lionfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Parmentier (1988: I).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found in coral reefs, secretive during the day, at depths of 1–40 m. Outside the area, Maldives and Sri Lanka east to Mariana and
Tuamotu islands, north to southern Japan, south to northwestern Australian shelf, New Caledonia and Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Dendrochirus brachypterus (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1829) – Dwarf lionfish
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on specimen observed and photographed during a visual census, in SaintPaul Bay, at 12 m depth, in 2008 (T. Mulochau, P. Dur
ville).
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found in coral and rocky
reefs, on reef flats and in shallow lagoons, in areas with
weed-covered rocks on sandy substrates, at depths of
0–68 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa
east to Hawaiian Islands, north to southern Japan, south to
Lord Howe Island.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low
priority for conservation action.
Dendrochirus zebra (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1829) –
Zebra lionfish, zebra turkeyfish; Poisson armée (Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C25)
as Pterois zebra; record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 155),
based on LEMUR, MNHN, SMNS and USNM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on coral, rubble, or rock bottoms of reef flats, also in lagoon habitats, at depths of
2–80 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa
east to Marshall Islands, Samoa and Tonga, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Shark Bay/Western Australia, Lord Howe and Norfolk islands.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Inimicus filamentosus (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1829)
– Filament-finned stinger; Poisson-pierre béquillard
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C25)
as Pelor filamentosus; record confirmed by Fricke (1999:
155–156), based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on sand and rubble bottoms near coral
reefs, at depths of 5–55 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and
East Africa east to Maldives.
39
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable
decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Iracundus signifer Jordan & Evermann, 1903 – Decoy scorpionfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 156),
based on underwater photographs.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Benthic on
sand and rubble under ledges of seaward coral reefs, at
depths of 10–70 m. Outside the area, South Africa; Taiwan
north to southern Japan; Hawaiian Islands; Cook Islands to
Pitcairn Group, south to Rapa. Probably more widespread.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Parascorpaena mcadamsi (Fowler, 1938) – Ocellated scorpionfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion and the Mascarenes by
Fricke (1999: 156), based on MNHN and SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Comores. Marine species. Secretive in
coral reefs, at depths of 0–70 m. Outside the area, South and
East Africa east to Marshall Islands, north to Taiwan, south
to Western Australia, Queensland/Australia, and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Pontinus tentacularis (Fowler, 1938) – Tentacled scorpionfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 157),
based on SAIAB material; previously listed by Fourmanoir
& Guézé (1963: 19–20) as Scorpaena sp. nov.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Bathydemersal on the slope, at depths of 170–600 m. Outside the area,
east to Philippines and Kyushu-Palau Ridge.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Pterois antennata (Bloch, 1787) – Spotfin lionfish, broad-barred
firefish; Poisson armée (Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C25);
record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 157–158), based on
LEMUR and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in crevices under rocks and
coral formations of lagoon and seaward coral and rocky
reefs, secretive during the day, at depths of 1–50 m. Outside
the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Wake Atoll,
northern Line Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to southern
Japan, south to Western Australia at 32°09'S, Sydney/New
South Wales, Kermadec Islands and Rapa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT.
Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium
priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial
exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/
DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Pterois miles (Bennett, 1828) – Devil firefish; Poisson armée
(Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Playfair & Günther
(1867: IX); previously listed by Cuvier in Cuvier & Valen
ciennes (1829b: 352–361, part) as P. volitans (non Linnaeus,
1758), and on pp. 363–366 as P. muricata; record of P. miles
40
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
confirmed by Fricke (1999: 158–159), based on MHNRUN,
MNHN and SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found
in coastal waters in sand, mud, lagoon, coral and rocky reef
habitats, at depths of 2–60 m. Outside the area, Red Sea,
East and South Africa east to Sumatera/Indonesia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/
DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Rhinopias eschmeyeri Condé, 1977 – Eschmeyer’s scorpionfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Motomura & Johnson
(2006: 501–508), based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found in coral reef habitats, at depths of 18–55 m. Outside the area, east
to Vietnam, north to southern Japan, south to Queensland/
Australia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Rhinopias frondosa (Günther, 1892) – Weedy scorpionfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fourmanoir & Guézé
(1967: 56) as Peoropsis frondosus; record confirmed by
Fricke (1999: 159–160), based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in coral reef habitats or adjacent sand
bottoms, at depths of 13–90 m. Outside the area, East Africa
east to Caroline Islands, north to southern Japan.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Scorpaenodes guamensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) – Guam
scorpionfish; Rascasse de Guam
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1991:
164); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 160), based on
LEMUR, SMNS and USNM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar. Marine species. Found in rock crevices on coral and rocky reef
flats, shallow lagoons, and channels, including tidal pools,
at depths of 0–5 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and
South Africa east to Wake, Marshall and Marquesas islands,
north to southern Japan, south to northwestern Australia,
Kermadec Islands, and Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT.
Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium
priority for conservation action.
Scorpaenodes kelloggi (Jenkins, 1903) – Dwarf scorpionfish,
Kellogg’s scorpionfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion and the Mascarenes by
Fricke (1999: 160–161), based on SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Agalega Islands. Marine species. Found
in coralline areas from near shore to the outer reef slope, at
depths of 0–45 m. Outside the area, South and East Africa
east to Hawaiian and Marquesas islands, north to southern
Japan, south to Western Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Neue Serie 2
Scorpaenodes minor (Smith, 1958) – Minor scorpionfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion and the Mascarenes by
Fricke (1999: 161), based on SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Rodrigues. Marine species. Found in
coral reefs including reef flats in coral-rich areas, in areas of
mixed sand and rubble, at depths of 0–18 m. Outside the
area, East Africa east to Marshall Islands and Tonga, north
to Ryukyu Islands, south to Queensland/Australia and New
Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Scorpaenodes parvipinnis (Garrett, 1864) – Coral scorpionfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Chabanet (1994: 238);
record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 161), based on SMNS
material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in areas of
rich coral growth from near shore to the outer reef slope,
including tidal pools, at depths of 0–49 m. Outside the area,
Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Hawaiian and Marquesas islands, north to Taiwan, south to Western Australia,
Lord Howe Island, and Tonga.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant
decline. High priority for conservation action.
Scorpaenopsis diabolus Cuvier, 1829 – Devil scorpionfish, false
scorpionfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1992:
unpag. 2); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 161–162),
based on LEMUR and MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Benthic on rubble or weedy coralline-rock bottoms of reef flats and lagoon and seaward reefs,
at depths of 1–70 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Hawaiian and Marquesas islands, north to South
Korea and southern Japan, south to North West Cape/Western Australia, Elizabeth and Middleton reefs, New Caledonia and Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Scorpaenopsis gibbosa (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) – Humpback
scorpionfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bleeker (1874: 87) as
Scorpaenopsis gibbosus; previously listed by Guichenot
(1863: C24) as Scorpaena Mesogallica; record confirmed by
Fricke (1999: 162), based on LEMUR, MHNRUN, SAIAB
and SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Farquhar Islands, Seychelles. Marine species. Found benthic, camouflaged among rocks and corals,
including tidal pools, at depths of 0–5 m. Outside the area,
East Africa east to Chagos Archipelago.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT.
Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium
priority for conservation action.
Scorpaenopsis longispina Randall & Eschmeyer, 2001 – Western raggy scorpionfish
Taxonomy. Original description in part from Réunion by R an
dall & Eschmeyer (2001: 29–33); previously listed as S.
venosa (non Cuvier [ex Russell], 1829) by Letourneur (1992:
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
40, 99, unpag. 2), and Fricke (1999: 162–163), based on
HNRUN material.
M
Distribution. Réunion, Rodrigues. Marine species. Found in
coral reefs, at depths of 0–50 m. Outside the area, Red Sea,
East and South Africa east to Indonesia, Philippines and
Samoa, north to southern Japan, south to Dampier Archipelago/Western Australia, Queensland/Australia and New
Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Sebastapistes mauritiana (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1829) – Mauritius scorpionfish, spineblotch scorpionfish;
Rascasse de Suez
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C25);
subsequently described as Scorpaena megastoma by Sau
vage (1878: 127, pl. 1, fig. 7), and listed by H armelin-Vivien
(1976: 91) as Sebastapistes nuchalis (non Günther, 1874);
record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 163–164), based on
MNHN and SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Benthic on rocky and coral reefs, on
reef flats and shallow lagoon reefs exposed to wave action,
including tidal pools, at depths of 0–120 m. Outside the area,
Red Sea and East Africa east to Wake Atoll, Marshall Islands and Pitcairn Group, south to New Caledonia and Rapa;
immigrated into eastern Mediterranean Sea through the
Suez Canal.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Sebastapistes tinkhami (Fowler, 1946) – Dark-spotted scorpionfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion and the Mascarenes by
Fricke (1999: 164), based on BPBM and SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found in coral reef habitats, at depths of 0–10 m. Outside the area, South
Africa, East Coral Sea, Loyalty Islands, Rotuma, Fiji and
Wake Atoll east to Pitcairn Group, north to Ryukyu and
Ogasawara islands.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Taenianotus triacanthus Lacepède, 1802 – Leaf scorpionfish;
Rascasse
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1992: 40
as Taenionothus triacanthus; record confirmed by Fricke
(1999: 164–165), based on LEMUR and MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Agalega Islands,
Seychelles. Marine species. Benthic in coral and rocky reefs,
on reef flats, outer reef slopes, current-swept channels, and
rarely on lagoon reefs, at depths of 0–134 m. Outside the
area, East Africa east to Galapagos Archipelago, north to
southern Japan, south to Western Australia at 14°04'S, New
South Wales/Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
T e t r a r o g i d a e – Waspfishes
Remarks. Neocentropogon sp. was recorded from Réunion by
41
Durville et al. (submitted), based on MHNRUN material;
the species will be described by J.-C. Quéro.
Ablabys taenianotus (Cuvier [ex Commerson], 1829) – Cockatoo
waspfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 165–
166); previously listed by Letourneur (1992: 53) as A. binotatus (non Peters, 1855).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in areas with sand, rubble and weed adjacent to coral reefs, at depths of 0–78 m. Outside the area,
eastern Indonesia east to Philippines and Fiji, north to Taiwan, south to Kimberleys/Western Australia, Lord Howe
and Norfolk islands.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
S y n a n c e i i d a e – Stonefishes
Synanceia verrucosa Bloch & Schneider, 1801 – Reef stonefish;
Crapaud (Réunion), poisson-pierre commun (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bleeker (1874: 87);
previously listed by Guichenot (1863: C25) as S. brachio and
S. horrida (non Linné, 1766); record confirmed by Fricke
(1999: 166–167), based on MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Cargados Carajos, Seychelles. Transitional water and marine.
Found on coral or rubble areas adjacent to coral or rocky
reefs including lagoon habitats, tidal pools and estuaries;
secretive, at depths of 0–30 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and
East Africa east to Marshall, Tuamotu and Gambier islands,
north to southern Japan, south to Shark Bay/Western Australia, Queensland/Australia at 23°30'S, Middleton Reef, New
Caledonia, Tonga and Austral Islands.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/
DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poisoning.
T r i g l i d a e – Gurnards
Pterygotrigla guezei Fourmanoir in Fourmanoir & Guézé, 1963
– Mauritius gurnard; Grondin mauricien
Taxonomy. Original description from Réunion by Fourmanoir
in Fourmanoir & Guézé (1963: 18, fig. 4).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Demersal, on
soft bottoms. Endemic to western Mascarenes.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
EUT. Rare. Local importance. Sensitive to human activities.
Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action.
P e r i s t e d i i d a e – Armoured searobins
Paraheminodus murrayi (Günther, 1880) – Murray’s armoured
gurnard
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Durville et al. (submitted), based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Bathydemersal, at depths
of 360–710 m. Outside the area, South Africa, Banda Sea
north to southern Japan, south to New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
42
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
Neue Serie 2
Satyrichthys investigatoris (Alcock, 1898) – Investigator armoured gurnard
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Durville et al. (submitted), based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Bathydemersal, at depths
of 550–658 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa east
to India.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
EUT. Rare. Local importance. Sensitive to human activities.
Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action.
Thysanophrys chiltonae Schultz in Schultz, Woods & Lachner,
1966 – Longsnout flathead; Platycéphale clin d’œil
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by K napp (1984: 2 unnumbered pp.).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on sand bottoms adjacent to
coral reefs, at depths of 1–80 m. Outside the area, Red Sea
and East Africa east to Mariana, Marshall and Marquesas
islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to North West Cape/
Western Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
P l a t y c e p h a l i d a e – Flatheads
A m b a s s i d a e – Glassies
?Cociella crocodila (Tilesius, 1812) – Crocodile flathead; Platycéphale crocodile
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fourmanoir & Guézé
(1963: 11) as Platycephalus crocodilus. The record of this
species needs verification according to K napp (1996); it may
have been based on Kumococius rodericensis.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Transitional water and marine. Found on sand or mud bottoms including
estuaries, at depths of 0–100 m. Outside the area, Red Sea,
East and South Africa east to Solomon Islands, north to
southern Japan, south to New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Ambassis ambassis (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1802) – Commerson’s glassy
Taxonomy. Original description from Réunion by Lacepède
(1802: 252, 273–276) as Centropomus ambassis; subsequently described as Ambassis Commersonii by Cuvier in
Cuvier & Valenciennes (1828: 176–181, pl. 25; in part).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Seychelles. Freshwater, transitional water and marine. Found in lower reaches of streams,
estuaries, and in adjacent marine areas. Endemic to islands
in the southwestern Indian Ocean.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT, CON. Local importance. Sensitive to human activities.
Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Kumococius rodericensis (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1829) – Spiny flathead; Platycéphale cocarde
Taxonomy. Original description in part from Réunion by Cuvier
in Cuvier & Valenciennes (1829b: 253) as Platycephalus
crocodilus; subsequently listed by Playfair & Günther
(1867: X) as P. scaber (non Linnaeus, 1758).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Demersal on
sand and mud bottoms, at depths of 6–75 m. Outside the
area, Gulf of Oman east to Philippines, north to southern
Japan, south to northern Australia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Remarks. Though this species was originally described from
Rodrigues, Heemstra et al. (2004) did not observe it there;
they concluded that the type locality was probably erroneous.
Ambassis natalensis (Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908) – Natal
glassy; Ambache, ambache du large (Réunion), ambasse
(France)
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion; previously described by
Maugé (1984a: 211–218 as Ambassis gymnocephalus); record confirmed as Ambassis gymnocephalus by Fricke
(1999: 172–173), based on MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Anderson & Heemstra (2003: 200–201, 205–206) concluded that Ambassis gymnocephalus is a nomen dubium; they
classified the second Mascarene species as A. dussumieri.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles.
Freshwater, transitional water and marine. Found in lower
reaches of streams, estuaries, and in adjacent marine areas.
Outside the area, South and East Africa east to Philippines,
north to China and Taiwan, south to northern Australia.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT, CON. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
EUT. Rare. Local importance. Sensitive to human activities.
Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action.
Sunagocia otaitensis Cuvier [ex Parkinson] in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1829 – Fringelip flathead
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1992:
unpag. 2) as Thysanophrys otaitensis; record confirmed
by Fricke (1999: 171) as T. otaitensis, based on LEMUR
material. Taxonomic decision of K napp & Imamura (2004:
545).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Burying in sand and rubble areas of lagoon
and seaward coral reefs, at depths of 0–40 m. Outside the
area, East and South Africa east to Marshall Islands and
Pitcairn Group, north to Izu and Ogasawara islands, south to
North West Cape/Western Australia, New Caledonia and
Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
A c r o p o m a t i d a e – Splitfin perches
Synagrops japonicus (Döderlein in Steindachner & Döderlein,
1883) – Japanese splitfin
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Blanc & Postel (1958:
368, 370, 373); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 173),
based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar. Marine species. Bathydemersal on continental slope, at depths of 100–800 m. Outside
the area, East Africa east to Hawaiian and Gilbert islands,
north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia and New
Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
EUT. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action.
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
S y m p h y s a n o d o n t i d a e – Slopefishes
Remarks. Symphysanodon sp. was recorded from Réunion by
Durville et al. (submitted); the species will be described by
J.-C. Quéro.
S e r r a n i d a e – Groupers
Aethaloperca rogaa (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Redmouth
grouper; Vieille roga
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 91).
Distribution. Réunion, Comores, Madagascar. Transitional water and marine. Found in coastal reefs and lagoons, often
silty habitats, in or near caves and holes in the reef, including
estuaries; at depths of 1–60 m. Outside the area, Red Sea,
East and South Africa east to Marshall Islands and Fiji, north
to southern Japan, south to northwestern Australia, Queens
land/Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Extinct in Réunion (RE), see Letourneur et al.
(2004: 210). Threats: FIT, HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. High priority for conservation action. A reintroduction might be considered.
Anyperodon leucogrammicus (Cuvier [ex Reinwardt] in Cuvier
& Valenciennes, 1828) – Slender grouper, slender rockcod;
Mérou élégant
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Heemstra & R andall
(1984: 2 unnumbered pp.).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in coral-rich areas and clear waters on
lagoon and seaward reefs, at depths of 1–80 m. Outside the
area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Marshall Islands and
Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia,
Queensland/Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone
species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation
action.
Aulacocephalus temminckii Bleeker, 1854 – Golden-ribbon
soapfish; Savon à bande jaune (Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Postel et al. (1964:
346–347) as Aulacocephalus temmincki; previously described as Centropristis saponaceus by Valenciennes (1862:
1167–1168); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 210–211),
based on MHNRUN, MNHN and NMW material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores. Marine species.
Found in caves and crevices of rocky reefs, at depths of 20–
120 m. Outside the area, antiequatorial distribution from
Red Sea and South Africa east to Rapa, north to Japan and
Ogasawara Islands, south to New Zealand and Kermadec
Islands.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT.
Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium
priority for conservation action.
Cephalopholis argus Bloch & Schneider, 1801 – Peacock
g rouper, peacock rockcod; La prude (Réunion), mérou céleste (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bleeker (1874: 89) as
Epinephelus argus; previously listed by Guichenot (1863:
C23) as Serranus myriaster; record of Cephalopholis argus
confirmed by Fricke (1999: 175–176), based on LEMUR,
MHNRUN, MNHN and NMW material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on coral and
43
rocky reefs including tidal pools, at depths of 1–40 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Wake
Atoll, northern Line Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to
southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Lord Howe Island, Tonga and Rapa, recently introduced to Hawaiian Islands.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Cephalopholis aurantia (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1828) – Golden hind; Rouge batard (Réunion, young
specimens), rouge peau dure (Réunion, adult specimens),
vieille dorée (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bleeker (1874: 88) as
Epinephelus aurantius; previously listed by Guichenot
(1863: C23) as Serranus analis; record of Cephalopholis
aurantia confirmed by Fricke (1999: 176), based on BPBM,
MHNRUN, MNHN and NMW material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Demersal on deeper, steep seaward
coral reefs, at depths of 20–250 m, usually below 100 m.
Outside the area, South Africa east to Marshall Islands and
Pitcairn Group, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Western
Australia, Queensland/Australia, New Caledonia and Rapa.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Cephalopholis boenak (Bloch, 1790) – Chocolate hind; Vieille
chocolat
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Heemstra & R andall
(1984: 2 unnumbered pp.) as Epinephelus boenack; record of
Cephalopholis boenak confirmed by Fricke (1999: 176–177),
based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra. Transitional water and marine. Found in coral and
rocky reefs, at depths of 1–64 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Philippines and Solomon Islands, north to Shanghai/China, south to Western Australia, Queensland/Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Cephalopholis leopardus (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801) –
Leopard hind, leopard rockcod; Vieille léopard
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Heemstra & R andall
(1984: 2 unnumbered pp); record confirmed by Letourneur
et al. (2004: 204), based on underwater photographs and an
aquarium specimen.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in coral-rich areas of lagoon
pinnacles, channels, and outer slopes of coral reefs, at depths
of 1–40 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Northern
Marianas, Line and Marquesas islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Western Australia, Queensland/Australia at
15°50'S, New Caledonia and Tonga.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Cephalopholis miniata (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Coral hind,
coral rockcod; Ananas batard (Réunion), vieille étoilée
(France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Heemstra & R andall
(1984: 2 unnumbered pp).
44
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Demersal on various coral reef
habitats, at depths of 2–150 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and
East Africa east to Fiji and Tonga, north to Ogasawara Islands, south to Western Australia, Queensland/Australia and
New Caledonia.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone
species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation
action.
Cephalopholis polleni (Bleeker, 1868) – Harlequin hind, harlequin rockcod; Cabot guignan (Réunion), vieille arlequin
(France)
Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by Bleeker
(1868a: 336–339) as Epinephelus Polleni; subsequently listed by Guichenot (1863: C23) as Serranus formosus (non
Shaw, 1804).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar. Marine species. Demersal on deeper coral reefs on
the edge of steep drop-offs, rarely in less than 30 m depth,
down to at least 120 m. Outside the area, east to Line Islands,
north to Guam.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Cephalopholis sexmaculata (Rüppell, 1830) – Sixspot hind, sixblotch rockcod; Rouge l’allié (Réunion), vieille six taches
(France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Heemstra & R andall
(1993: 55–56); previously listed by Postel et al. (1964: 356)
as Cephalopholis gibbus, and by Letourneur (1992: 53) as
Cephalopholis leopardus (non Lacepède [ex Commerson],
1802); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 179–180), based
on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in coral reefs, usually along
deep walls with caves, rich with invertebrate growth such as
large sponges or soft corals, at depths of 6–150 m. Outside
the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Line, Marquesas and Society islands, north to southern Japan, south to
Great Barrier Reef at 23°30'S and Lord Howe Island.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Cephalopholis sonnerati (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1828) – Tomato hind, tomato rockcod; Rouge ananas,
la prude rouge (Réunion), vieille ananas (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Postel et al. (1964:
355) as C. sonnerati and C. cyanostigma (non Cuvier [ex
Kuhl & Hasselt] in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1828); previously described as Epinephelus unicolor by Liénard in
Bleeker (1874: 89; syntype: NHMI 422 from Mauritius);
record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 160–161), based on
MHNRUN and NMW material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on steep outer
slopes of coral reefs; also on rocky reefs; juveniles are usually found near sponges or coral heads; at depths of 10–
150 m. Outside the area, Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman, East
and South Africa east to Marshall Islands, Samoa and Tonga,
north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia at
24°24'S and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
Neue Serie 2
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Cephalopholis spiloparaea (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1828) – Tomato grouper; Vieille fraise
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Eichler & Myers
(1997: 96).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores. Marine species.
Found in coral reefs, at depths of 15–108 m. Outside the area,
East Africa east to Pitcairn Group, north to Taiwan, Ogasawara and Wake islands, south to Western Australia, New
Caledonia and Rapa.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Cephalopholis urodeta (Bloch & Schneider [ex Forster], 1801)
– Darkfin hind, dusky rockcod; Cuisinier (Réunion), vieille
chinois foncée (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bleeker (1874: 89) as
Epinephelus urodelus; previously described as Serranus
erythraeus by Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes
(1830b: 516), and listed by Sauvage (1891: 55–57) as Epinephelus nigripinnis; record confirmed by Fricke (1999:
181–183), based on MNHN, NMW and SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Soudan Bank, Rodrigues,
Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in coral
reefs including lagoon habitats, at depths of 1–60 m. Outside
the area, East Africa east to Wake Atoll, Line Islands and
Pitcairn Group, south to Western Australia at 32°01'S,
Queensland/Australia at 18°16'S, New Caledonia, Tonga and
Rapa.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Epinephelus chlorostigma (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1828) – Brown-spotted rockcod; Loche pintade
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Postel et al. (1964:
377–379); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 181–183),
based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Transitional water and marine.
Found in coral and rocky reefs and associated lagoon habitats, at depths of 4–300 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East
and South Africa east to Marshall, Tongan and Line islands,
north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia and New
Caledonia.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Epinephelus coeruleopunctatus (Bloch, 1790) – White-spotted
grouper; Loche à taches blanches
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Heemstra & R andall
(1984: 2 unnumbered pp.) as Epinephelus caeruleopunctatus.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in coral reefs on coral or rock bottom,
including tidal pools, at depths of 0–65 m. Outside the area,
East Africa east to Marshall Islands, Fiji and Tonga, north to
southern Japan, south to Western Australia, northern New
South Wales/Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Severe decline. High priority for conservation action.
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
Epinephelus coioides (Hamilton, 1822) – Orange-spotted
g rouper; Mérou à taches oranges
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by R andall & Heemstra
(1991: 122–125); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 184),
based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Transitional water and marine. Found on various substrates, from estuaries down to
100 m depth. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east
to Fiji, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Western Australia,
New South Wales/Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Severe decline. High priority for conservation action.
Epinephelus flavocaeruleus (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1802)
– Blue-and-yellow grouper; Le plat, platte ailes jaunes
(Réunion), mérou faraud (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bleeker (1874: 88);
previously described by Quoy & Gaimard (1824: 312–313) as
Serranus borbonicus; record confirmed by Fricke (1999:
186–187), based on MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found
on coral and rocky reefs, from shallow water (juveniles)
down to 150 m depth. Outside the area, Persian/Arabian
Gulf, Gulf of Aden, East and South Africa east to Andaman
Islands, western Thailand and Sumatera/Indonesia.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Epinephelus fuscoguttatus (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Brownmarbled grouper, blotchy rockcod; Mérou marbré
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Heemstra & R andall
(1984: 2 unnumbered pp.); record confirmed by Fricke
(1999: 188), based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on coral reefs
(juveniles in seagrass beds), from shallow water down to
60 m depth. Outside the area, East Africa east to Samoa,
north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Western Australia, New
South Wales/Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Epinephelus hexagonatus (Bloch & Schneider [ex Forster], 1801)
– Star-spotted grouper; Maccabit, maccabit gris, risadel
(Réunion), mérou mélifère (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C23)
as Serranus hexagonatus; subsequently listed by Bleeker
(1874: 89: part) as Epinephelus merra (non Bloch, 1793), and
on p. 90 as E. stellans; record confirmed by Fricke (1999:
188–190), based on LEMUR, MHNRUN, MNHN, RMNH
and SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Aldabra. Marine species. Found in shallow parts of rocky and
coral reefs including lagoons and tidal pools, at depths of
0–30 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to
Wake Atoll, northern Line Islands and Pitcairn Group, south
to Western Australia, Queensland/Australia at 23°30'S, New
Caledonia and Rapa.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
45
Epinephelus lanceolatus (Bloch, 1790) – Giant grouper, brindlebass; Mérou lancéolé
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Heemstra & R andall
(1984: 2 unnumbered pp.).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Transitional water and marine. Found in shallow coral reefs and adjacent
estuaries down to 100 m depth. Outside the area, Red Sea,
East and South Africa east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn
Group, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia,
New South Wales/Australia, northern New Zealand and
Tonga.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone
species. Severe decline. High priority for conservation
action.
Epinephelus longispinis (Kner, 1864) – Longspine grouper,
streaky rockcod; Coulotte de singe, cabot sale (Réunion),
mérou à longues épines (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Heemstra & R andall
(1984: 2 unnumbered pp.); previously reported by Postel et
al. (1964: 370–371) as Epinephelus fario (non Thunberg,
1793); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 190–191), based
on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in rocky or coral reefs, on rock and sand,
from shallow water to 70 m depth. Outside the area, South
and East Africa east to eastern Indonesia, north to Andaman
Islands.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Epinephelus macrospilos (Bleeker, 1858) – Snubnose grouper,
bigspot rockcod, bigspot grouper; Maccabit (Réunion),
mérou tapis (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by R andall (1987: 148–
149); previously recorded by Guichenot (1863: C23) as E.
faveatus (non Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1828),
Bleeker (1874: 89) as E. merra (non Bloch, 1793) and Le
tourneur (1992: unpag. 2) as E. faveatus (non Valenciennes
in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1828); record confirmed by
Fricke (1999: 191), based on MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in coral or rocky
reefs, at depths of 1–44 m. Outside the area, South and East
Africa east to Marshall and Marquesas islands, north to
southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western
Australia, Queensland/Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Epinephelus magniscuttis Postel, Fourmanoir & Guézé, 1964 –
Speckled grouper; Cabot grosse écaille, petit nègre, cabot de
fond, cabot aux yeux vert (Réunion), mérou à grandes
écailles (France)
Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by Postel et al.
(1964: 365–368) as E. magniscuttis and E. pseudomorrhua.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found in
deep water in the vicinity of coral reefs, at depths of 50–
300 m. Outside the area, South Africa, Philippines and New
Guinea east to Fiji and Tonga, south Western Australia and
New Caledonia.
46
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Epinephelus malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) – Malabar
grouper; Grand gueule (Réunion), mérou malabare (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Heemstra & R andall
(1984: 2 unnumbered pp.); previously listed by Postel et al.
(1964: 369–370) as E. salmoides.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Transitional water and marine. Found in a variety of
habitats including estuaries, at depths of 5–150 m. Outside
the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Tonga, north to
southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Sydney/New
South Wales/Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone
species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation
action.
Epinephelus melanostigma Schultz in Schultz, Herald, Lachner,
Welander & Woods, 1953 – Oneblotch grouper, oneblotch
rockcod; Mérou dossard
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1992:
unpag. 2).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species.
Found in shallow coral reefs and lagoons, at depths of 0–7 m.
Outside the area, East Africa east to Line and Cook islands,
north to Taiwan, south to Western Australia.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Epinephelus merra Bloch, 1793 – Honeycomb grouper, dwarf
spotted grouper; Maccabit, maccabit blanc (Réunion), griffin (Réunion, young specimens), plat gris (Réunion, adult
specimens), mérou gateau de cire (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bleeker (1874: 89,
part); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 193–194), based on
LEMUR, MHNRUN, MNHN and SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found
in shallow protected and seaward coral reefs and lagoons,
including tidal pools, at depths of 0–50 m. Outside the area,
East Africa east to Wake Atoll and Pitcairn Group, north to
southern Japan, south to Western Australia at 22°05'S, New
South Wales/Australia at 33°59'S, Lord Howe Island, Tonga
and Rapa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Epinephelus morrhua (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1833) – Comet grouper, contour rockcod; Cabot noir, cabot
de fond (Réunion), mérou comète (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C23)
as Serranus morrhua; record confirmed by Fricke (1999:
195), based on MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar. Marine species. Found on deep reefs at 80–370 m
depth. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to
Cook Islands, south to Western Australia, New South Wales/
Australia at 28°35'S, New Caledonia and Tonga.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, EUT.
Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant
decline. High priority for conservation action.
Neue Serie 2
Epinephelus multinotatus (Peters, 1876) – White-blotched
g rouper; Plat nègre, cabot nègre (Réunion), mérou plate
grise (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Heemstra & R andall
in Smith & Heemstra (1986: 529); previously listed by
Guichenot (1863: C23) as Serranus dermochirus (non Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830), and by Postel
et al. (1964: 371–372) as Epinephelus leprosus; record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 195–196), based on MHNRUN and
MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found
from shallow rocky and coral reef areas (juveniles) to depth
of 123 m (adults). Outside the area, East Africa east to Northern Territory/Australia, north to southern Japan, south to
Shark Bay/Western Australia.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone
species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation
action.
Epinephelus oceanicus (Lacepède, 1802) – Indian Ocean blacktip grouper; Rougette (Réunion), mérou oriflamine (France)
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on MHNRUN
and MNHN material [as listed by Fricke (1999: 184) for
Epinephelus fasciatus (non Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775)]; previously listed by Guichenot (1863: C23) as Serranus marginalis (non Bloch, 1793), and by Bleeker (1874: 88, 90) as
Epinephelus fasciatus (non Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) and
E. tsirimenara (non Temminck & Schlegel, 1842). Taxonomic decision of the present paper, following Gill & K emp
(2002: 165) who believe that the allegedly widespread species that was previously named Epinephelus fasciatus is
made up of six different geographically isolated species.
Holocentrus oceanicus of Lacepède (1802: 345, 389) is the
oldest available name for western Indian Ocean populations.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Transitional water
and marine. Found on coral reefs and rock bottoms, at depths
of 1–160 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa east to
Sri Lanka.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone
species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation
action.
Epinephelus octofasciatus Griffin, 1926 – Eightbar grouper;
Plat, cabot sale, rouge sale, cabot cafre (Réunion), mérou à
huit raies (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by R andall & Heemstra
(1991: 217–219); listed by Blanc & Postel (1958: 368, 370,
373) as E. grammatophorus (non Boulenger, 1903), and by
Biais & Taquet (1992: 74) as E. septemfasciatus (non Thunberg, 1793); described by Postel et al. (1964: 364–365) as E.
compressus; record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 196–197),
based on MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar. Marine species. Found on deep reefs, at depths of 150–300 m.
Outside the area, Persian Gulf, Gulf of Aden and South Africa east to Marquesas Islands, north to Ogasawara Islands,
south to Rottnest Island/Western Australia, northern New
Zealand, Kermadec Islands, and Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
Epinephelus poecilonotus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1842) – Dotdash grouper, dot-dash rockcod; Mérou morse
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Heemstra & R andall
(1984: 2 unnumbered pp.); record needs verification.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar. Marine species. Found on deep reefs, at depths of 45–375 m.
Outside the area, South and East Africa east to Fiji, north to
central Japan and Ogasawara Islands.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action.
Epinephelus radiatus (Day, 1868) – Oblique-banded grouper;
Mérou zébré
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Heemstra & R andall
(1984: 2 unnumbered pp.); record confirmed by Fricke
(1999: 197), based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores. Marine species.
Found on deep reefs, at depths of 18–383 m (adults below
80 m). Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to New
Britain/Papua New Guinea, north to southern Japan, south
to Rowley Shoals/Western Australia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Epinephelus retouti Bleeker, 1868 – Red-tipped grouper, redtipped rockcod; Rouge du large, rouge noir (Réunion), mérou
rouge (France)
Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by Bleeker
(1868a: 339–341).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues. Marine species.
Found on deep rocky and coral reefs, at depths of 18–383 m
(adults below 80 m). Outside the area, Madagascar east to
Marshall, Line and Society islands, north to southern Japan,
south to New Caledonia and Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Epinephelus rivulatus (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1830) – Halfmoon grouper, halfmoon rockcod; Cabot sale,
rouge sale (Réunion), mérou demi-lune (France)
Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by Valenciennes
in Cuvier & Valenciennes (1830b: 515) as Serranus rivulatus.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Transitional water and marine. Found on coral reefs, rocks, algae and seagrass beds, at depths of 1–150 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Tonga, north to Ogasawara Islands, south to
Western Australia at 32°01'S and northern New Zealand.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Epinephelus spilotoceps Schultz in Schultz, Herald, Lachner,
Welander & Woods, 1953 – Foursaddle grouper, foursaddle
rockcod; Mérou à quatre selles
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Heemstra & R andall
(1984: 2 unnumbered pp.); record confirmed by Fricke
(1999: 199), based on SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Aldabra. Marine
species. Found in rocky and coral reefs, at depths of 0–30 m.
Outside the area, East Africa east to Wake, Marshall, Tongan and Cook islands, south to Rowley Shoals/Western Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
47
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Epinephelus tauvina (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Greasy grouper, greasy rockcod; Vieille lutre, vieille nègre (Réunion),
mérou loutre (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by R andall & Ben-Tuvia
(1983: 413–416); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 199–
200), based on BPBM, MHNRUN, MNHN, SMNS and
USNM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found
in clear water areas of rocky and coral reefs, juveniles in
tidal pools and on the reef flat; adults deeper, at depths of
5–300 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa
east to Wake Atoll and Pitcairn Group, north to southern
Japan, south to Western Australia, New South Wales/Australia at 29°47'S, Lord Howe Island and Rapa.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Epinephelus tukula Morgans, 1959 – Potato grouper, potato
bass; Mérou patate
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 200–
201), based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Seychelles. Marine
species. Adults found in deep coral reef channels at depths of
10–150 m, juveniles in reef tide pools. Outside the area, Red
Sea, East and South Africa east to New Guinea, north to
southern Japan, south to Townsville/Queensland, Australia.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Gracila albomarginata (Fowler & Bean, 1930) – Slenderspine
grouper; Vieille (Réunion), mérou bord rouge (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Postel et al. (1964:
356–357) as Aethaloperca albomarginata; record confirmed
by Fricke (1999: 201), based on BPBM, MHNRUN and
MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Aldabra. Marine species.
Found on the outer slope of coral or rocky reefs, at depths of
15–120 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to northern
Line and Tuamotu islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to
New Caledonia and Tonga.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Grammistes sexlineatus (Thunberg, 1792) – Sixstripe soapfish, skunkfish; Savonette (Réunion), savon rayes d’or
(France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Postel et al. (1964:
345–346); previously listed by Guichenot (1863: C23) as G.
orientalis; record of G. sexlineatus confirmed by Fricke
(1999: 211–213), based on LEMUR, MHNRUN, MNHN and
SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Transitional water and marine. Found in
coastal waters over corals and rocks, hiding during the day,
at depths of 0.5–130 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East Africa and East London/South Africa east to Marquesas Islands, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia,
Queensland/Australia, Lord Howe and Kermadec islands,
and Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
48
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Liopropoma lunulatum (Guichenot, 1863) – Yellow perch
Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by Guichenot
(1863: C4–C5, C24) as Grystes lunulatus.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Demersal on
deep reefs, at depths of 100–350 m. Outside the area, Red
Sea east to Society Islands, north to southern Japan.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT.
Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Liopropoma susumi (Jordan & Seale, 1906) – Meteor perch
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by R andall & Taylor
(1988: 26–28); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 203),
based on BPBM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Amirantes, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found
in coral reef habitats, at depths of 2–34 m. Outside the area,
Red Sea and East Africa east to Samoa and Tonga, north to
Ryukyu Islands, south to Queensland/Australia at 23°30'S,
Middleton Reef and Loyalty Islands.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Meganthias natalensis (Fowler, 1925) – Gorgeous swallowtail
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fourmanoir & Guézé
(1963: 17) as Holanthias natalensis; previously described by
Pellegrin (1935: 51–53) as H. furcatus; record confirmed by
Fricke (1999: 202), based on MNHN material. Taxonomic
decision of R andall & Heemstra (2006: 29).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species.
Benthopelagic. Outside the area, South Africa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
EUT. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Probable
decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Odontanthias borbonius (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1828) – Checked swallowtail
Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by Cuvier in
Cuvier & Valenciennes (1828: 263–264) as Serranus Borbonius; subsequently described by Guichenot (1868: 86) as
Aylopon mauritianus. Taxonomic decision of R andall &
Heemstra (2006: 9).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Seychelles. Marine
species. Found on deep reef habitats, at depths of 70–300 m.
Outside the area, South Africa, Comores and Madagascar
east to Guam and New Guinea, north to southern Japan and
Ogasawara Islands.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
EUT. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Probable
decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Plectropomus laevis (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801) – Blacksaddle coral grouper; Mérou selle
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Heemstra & R andall
(1993: 290–292).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found
in coral-rich areas of lagoon and seaward reefs, at depths of
4–100 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Oeno/Pitcairn
Group, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Western Australia,
Queensland/Australia at 23°30'S, New Caledonia and Rapa.
Conservation. Extinct in Réunion (RE), according to Le
tourneur et al. (2004: 210). Threats: FIT, HAB, EUT. Very
Neue Serie 2
sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. High priority for conservation action. Reintroduction into suitable
habitats might be considered under scientific guidance.
Pogonoperca ocellata Günther, 1859 – Snowflake soapfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bleeker (1873b: 109–
110) as Grammistes ocellatus.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Seychelles. Marine species.
Found on deeper coral and rocky reefs. Outside the area,
Maldives, western Indonesia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Pogonoperca punctata (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1830) – Spotted soapfish; Savon (Réunion), savon barbu
(France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C23)
as Grammistes punctatus; record confirmed by Fricke
(1999: 213–214), based on MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on coral reefs, usually
associated with large coral heads, juveniles in lagoons,
adults usually below 20 m down to 216 m depth. Outside the
area, Natal/South Africa east to Line, Marquesas and Society islands, north to southern Japan, south to New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Pseudanthias bimaculatus (Smith, 1955) – Twospot basslet, purple goldie
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fourmanoir & Guézé
(1967: 56) as Anthias bimaculatus.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found on deep drop-offs
of coral reefs, possibly also on dead reefs, at depths of 10–
60 m. Outside the area, East Africa, Maldives and Indonesia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Pseudanthias cooperi (Regan, 1902) – Silverstreak goldie, redbar fairy basslet
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Chabanet (1994: 238)
as Anthias cooperi.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Seychelles. Marine species.
Found on deep drop-offs of coral and rocky reefs, at depths
of 10–60 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Line, Tongan and Samoan islands, north to southern Japan, south to
Shark Bay/Western Australia, New South Wales/Australia
and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Pseudanthias evansi (Smith, 1954) – Yellowback anthias, yellowtail goldie
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 91) as Anthias evansi; record confirmed by Fricke
(1999: 207), based on BPBM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Aldabra. Marine
species. Found in large schools at upper parts of deep dropoffs of coral and rocky reefs, at depths of 4–40 m. Outside
the area, East Africa east to Cocos-Keeling and Christmas
islands (eastern Indian Ocean), north to Andaman Sea.
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Pseudanthias pulcherrimus (Heemstra & Randall in Smith &
Heemstra, 1986) – Resplendent goldie
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on a specimen
observed and photographed during a visual census, in SaintPaul Bay, at 50 m depth, in 2004 (P. Durville, E. Tessier, A.
Diringer).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Seychelles. Marine species.
Found on deeper coral reefs, at depths of 30–50 m. Outside
the area, east to Maldives and Chagos Archipelago.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Pseudanthias squamipinnis (Peters, 1855) – Sea goldie
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 91) as Anthias squammipinnis.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Aldabra. Marine
species. Found above coral outcrops or patch reefs of clear
lagoons, channels, or outer reef slopes; also on rocky reefs;
at depths of 1–50 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and Madagascar east to Society Islands, north to southern Japan, south to
Western Australia, Lord Howe Island and Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone
species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation
action.
Pseudogramma polyacantha (Bleeker, 1856) – Honeycomb
podge
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 92) as Pseudogramma polyacanthum. The gender of
the genus is feminine, therefore the species name must be
‘polyacantha’.
Distribution. Réunion, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Secretive, lives
among corals in lagoons and on reef flats, from tidal pools to
61 m depth. Outside the area, South and East Africa east to
northern Line Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to Ryukyu
Islands, south to North-West Cape/Western Australia, Lord
Howe Island and Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Variola albimarginata Baissac, 1953 – Lyretail grouper, whiteedged lyretail; Tire bourre (Réunion), croissant queue
blanche (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Postel et al. (1964:
349); previously recorded by Guichenot (1863: C23) as Serranus punctulatus (non Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801);
record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 208–209), based on
BPBM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on seaward coral and rocky
reefs, at depths of 4–200 m. Outside the area, Outside the
area, East Africa east to Marshall Islands, Samoa and Tonga,
north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Western Australia,
Queensland/Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
49
Variola louti (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Coronation grouper;
Druide, rouge grand queue (Réunion), croissant queue jaune
(France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bleeker (1874: 89);
record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 209–210), based on
MHNRUN, MNHN and NMW material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on offshore clear
water coral reefs, at depths of 3–240 m, usually below 15 m.
Outside the area, Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South
Africa east to Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan and
Ogasawara Islands, south to Western Australia, Lord Howe
Island and Rapa.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
P s e u d o c h r o m i d a e – Dottybacks
Anisochromis mascarenensis Gill & Fricke, 2001 – Mascarene
annie
Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by Gill & Fricke
(2001: 197), based on SMNS material; previously recorded
by Fricke (1999: 214) as A. kenyae (non Smith, 1954).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. In coral-rich
areas of the fringing reef, associated with Acropora corals,
at depths of 0–18 m. Endemic to western Mascarenes.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Local importance. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation
action.
Haliophis guttatus (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – African eelblenny
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Playfair & Günther
(1867: XIII).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar. Marine species. Found in rock and rubble areas of shallow reefs,
at depths of 0–15 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
P l e s i o p i d a e – Longfins
Plesiops coeruleolineatus Rüppell, 1835 – Red-tipped longfin,
crimsontip longfin
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1992:
unpag. 3); previously recorded by Harmelin-Vivien (1976:
92) as P. melas (non Smith, 1954); record confirmed by
Fricke (1999: 215–216), based on LEMUR, SMNS and
USNM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found
under stones or corals in the lagoon, close to the coral reef,
at depths of 0–13 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Marshall Islands, Samoa and Tonga, north to
southern Japan, south to North West Cape/Western Australia, Queensland/Australia at 23°37'S and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT.
Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium
priority for conservation action.
50
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
T e r a p o n t i d a e – Thornfishes
Terapon jarbua (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Jarbua, crescentbanded grunter, thornfish; Violon jarbua
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bleeker (1874: 89) as
Therapon jarbua; record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 216–
217), based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Freshwater, transitional water and marine. Found in
lagoons, in the vicinity of river mouths (including tidal
pools), entering estuaries, rivers and streams. Outside the
area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Palau/Belau, Samoa
and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia at 24°53'S, New South Wales/Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Extinct in Réunion (RE), according to Le
tourneur et al. (2004: 211). Threats: FIT, EUT, CON. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline.
High priority for conservation action.
K u h l i i d a e – Flagtails
Kuhlia caudavittata (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1802) – Mascarene flagtail
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Blanc & Postel (1958:
368, 373) as Dules caudavittatus; record confirmed by Fricke
(1999: 217–218), based on MNHN and SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar.
Freshwater, transitional water and marine. Found in the lower reaches and estuaries of rivers and streams, occasionally
also in the adjacent lagoon and in tide pools. Endemic to islands in the southwestern Indian Ocean.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, EUT,
CON. Local importance. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. Proposed for Annexes II and V of the EU
Habitats Directive.
Kuhlia mugil (Bloch & Schneider [ex Forster], 1801) – Barred
flagtail; Hareng (Réunion), crocro drapeau (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Heemstra (1984a:
2 unnumbered pp.); previously listed by Valenciennes (1862:
1168) as Dules taeniurus; record confirmed by Fricke (1999:
218–220), based on BPBM, MHNRUN, MNHN, SMNS and
USNM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Freshwater, transitional water and marine. Found in the lower reaches and estuaries of rivers and
streams, occasionally also in the adjacent lagoon and in tide
pools. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east
to Panama, north to Taiwan and Minami Tori Shima, south
to Western Australia, Lord Howe Island and Rapa, absent
from Easter Island, Pitcairn Group, Marquesas and Hawaiian islands.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, EUT,
CON. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Kuhlia rupestris (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1802) – Rock flagtail; Doule de roche, poisson plat (Réunion), crocro sauvage
(France)
Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by Lacepède
(1802: 252, 273–276) as Centropomus rupestris; subsequently described by Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes
Neue Serie 2
(1829a: 118–119) as Dules fuscus, and listed by Bleeker
(1874: 90) as Moronopsis ciliatus; record confirmed by
Fricke (1999: 220–221), based on MHNRUN and MNHN
material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Freshwater, transitional water and marine. Found in estuaries and fast-flowing stretches of middle
and lower reaches of rivers, occasionally also in adjacent
lagoons and tide pools. Outside the area, East Africa east to
Caroline and Tuamotu islands, north to southern Japan,
south to Queensland/Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, EUT,
CON. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
P r i a c a n t h i d a e – Bigeyes
Cookeolus japonicus (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1829)
– Longfinned bullseye; Beauclaire longue aile
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur et al.
(2004: 204).
Distribution. Réunion, Comores, Seychelles. Marine species.
Demersal on hard bottoms in association with holes and
ledges, at depths of 40–400 m. Outside the area, circumglobal in tropical and subtropical oceans.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, FIB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low
priority for conservation action.
Heteropriacanthus cruentatus (Lacepède, 1801) – Glasseye;
Beau clair du large (Réunion), beau clair de roche (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fourmanoir & Guézé
(1962b: 5–6) as Priacanthus cruentatus and P. boops; previously listed by Guichenot (1863: C24) as P. japonicus (non
Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1829) and Sauvage (1891:
119–121) as P. macropus, and described by Valenciennes
(1862: 1168–1169) as P. alticlarens; record confirmed by
Fricke (1999: 221–222), based on LEMUR, MHNRUN and
MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in lagoon and seaward coral
and rocky reefs, hidden during the day, at depths of 3–300 m.
Outside the area, circumglobal in equatorial and tropical
areas.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, FIB,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low priority for conservation action.
Priacanthus hamrur (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Moontail
bullseye; Cardinal, beau clair (Réunion), beau clair miroir
(France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bleeker (1874: 87);
previously listed by Guichenot (1863: C24) as P. speculum;
record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 222–223), based on
MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on outer slopes of
coral and rocky reefs, at depths of 8–150 m. Outside the area,
Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Marquesas and Gambier islands, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Queensland/Australia, Lord Howe Island and Tonga.
Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: FIT,
FIB, HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant
decline. Low priority for conservation action.
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
Priacanthus sagittarius Starnes, 1988 – Arrowfin bigeye; Beauclaire aile sagitté
Taxonomy. Originally described in part from Réunion by
Starnes (1988: 178).
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found on deeper slopes
of rocky or coral reefs, at depths of 60–100 m. Outside the
area, Red Sea east to Philippines and Samoa, north to southern Japan, south to northern Western Australia and New
Caledonia.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, FIB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low
priority for conservation action.
Pristigenys niphonia (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1829)
– Japanese bigeye; Beau clair du large (Réunion), beau clair
bande blanc (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C24)
as Priacanthus niphonius; subsequently described as
Myripristis refulgens by Valenciennes (1862: 1169), and
listed by Sauvage (1891: 131–132) as Priacanthus meyeri
(non Günther, 1872); record confirmed by Fricke (1999:
223–224), based on MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Demersal on deeper reef slopes of
80–262 m depth, possibly also shallower. Outside the area,
Red Sea, East and South Africa east to eastern Indonesia,
Philippines and Samoa, north to southern Japan, south to
Western Australia, Queensland/Australia and Loyalty Islands.
Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: FIT,
FIB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline.
Low priority for conservation action.
R a c h y c e n t r i d a e – Cobia
Rachycentron canadum (Linné, 1766) – Cobia; Mafou, cobia
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur et al.
(2004: 204).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine and
transitional waters. Introduced for marine aquaculture; escaped into the natural environment (Letourneur et al. 2004:
204). Also native of the area. Found in a variety of habitats:
over mud, sand and gravel bottoms, over coral reefs, off
rocky shores and in mangrove sloughs, inshore around pilings and buoys and offshore around drifting and stationary
objects, occasionally in estuaries, at depths of 0–1200 m.
Outside the area, circumglobal in tropical and subtropical
oceans.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, FIB,
EUT, AQU. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone
species. Probable decline of the native population. Medium
priority for conservation action.
A p o g o n i d a e – Cardinal fishes
Apogon caudicinctus Randall & Smith, 1988 – Little tailband
cardinalfish
Taxonomy. Originally described in part from Réunion by R an
dall & Smith (1988: 2).
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found in shallow water
in rocky or coral reefs, at depths of 0–12 m, hiding during
the day. Outside the area, Mauritius east to Pitcairn Group,
north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to New Caledonia, Tonga and Rapa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
51
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Apogon indicus Greenfield, 2001 – Indian Ocean cardinalfish
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on A. coccineus
(non Rüppell, 1838) of Fricke (1999, 226), LEMUR material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores. Marine species.
Found in shallow water in rocky or coral reefs, at depths of
0–24 m, hiding during the day. Outside the area, east to
Palau/Belau and southern Line Islands, north to Philippines,
south to New Caledonia and Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Apogon semiornatus Peters, 1877 – Oblique-banded cardinalfish, threeband cardinalfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 230),
based on SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in shallow water in rocky or
rubble reefs, at depths of 0–10 m, hiding during the day.
Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to
Philippines, Solomon Islands and Tonga, north to southern
Japan, south to Western Australia at 28°35'S, New South
Wales/Australia at 35°03'S, and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Apogonichthys ocellatus (Weber, 1913) – Ocellate cardinal
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 92); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 231–232),
based on LEMUR and SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar. Transitional water and marine. Found inshore, in estuaries and
lagoons, underneath rocks or between algae, at depths of
0–5 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Marquesas and
Tuamotu islands, north to southern Japan, south to Western
Australia, New Caledonia and Rapa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Cheilodipterus lineatus Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801 –
Large-toothed cardinalfish, lined cardinalfish, tiger cardinal; Apogon à grandes dents
Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion as Centropomus
macrodon by Lacepède (1802: 252), which is a junior synonym of Cheilodipterus lineatus Lacepède [ex Commerson],
1801; the name was believed by several authors to be a secondary homonym of Perca lineata Forsskål in Niebuhr,
1775, which is, however, not a species independent from
Perca lineata Linnaeus, 1758, but a misidentification (see
Fricke 1999: 233, 2008: 30), as both Forsskål and Niebuhr
had the 10th edition of Systema naturae by Linnaeus (1758)
readily available (Niebuhr 1775: 18), but did not give individual credit to the authors of the names they used; record of
Cheilodipterus lineatus confirmed by Fricke (1999: 232–
233), based on MNHN material. Both names were frequently used, so there is at present no way avoiding to use Cheilodipterus lineatus as the valid name for the species recently
named Cheilodipterus macrodon by other authors (e. g. Gon
& R andall 2003: 32–33).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in lagoon and
52
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
outer reef slopes, at depths of 0.5–40 m. Outside the area,
Red Sea and East Africa east to Marshall Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New South Wales/Australia, Lord Howe Island, Tonga
and Rapa.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline.
High priority for conservation action.
Cheilodipterus quinquelineatus Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1828 – Sharptooth cardinalfish, five-lined cardinalfish; Apogon à cinq branches
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 233–
234), based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found
on reef flats, in lagoon and outer reef slopes, at depths of
0–40 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to
Marshall Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to Ogasawara
Islands, south to Western Australia, Queensland/Australia,
Lord Howe Island and Rapa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Coranthus polyacanthus (Vaillant, 1877) – Manyspine cardinalfish
Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion as Cheilodipterus polyacanthus by Vaillant (1877: 29).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar. Marine species. Benthopelagic. Outside the area, east to Indonesia, north to southern Japan.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low
priority for conservation action.
Nectamia savayensis (Günther, 1872) – Savaii cardinalfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 92) as Ostorhynchus savayensis; also listed by Fricke
(1999: 228) as Apogon fuscus (non Quoy & Gaimard, 1825);
record of Apogon savayensis confirmed by Fricke (1999:
230), based on MNHN and USNM material. Taxonomic decision of Fraser (2008: 32–37).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found
between corals on lagoon reefs and outer reef slopes, at
depths of 0–25 m, hiding during the day. Outside the area,
East Africa east to Line Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to
Ryukyu and Wake islands, south to northern Queensland/
Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Ostorhinchus angustatus (Smith & Radcliffe in Radcliffe, 1911)
– Broad-striped cardinalfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 92) as Ostorhynchus angustatus; record confirmed by
Fricke (1999: 224) as Apogon angustatus, based on MNHN
and USNM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Agalega Islands, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in
clear water of seaward coral and rocky reefs, from the reef
crest down to 25 m depth. Outside the area, Red Sea and East
Africa east to Caroline and Line islands and Pitcairn Group,
north to Taiwan, south to Western Australia, Queensland/
Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga.
Neue Serie 2
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Ostorhinchus apogonoides (Bleeker, 1856) – Shirt-tooth cardinalfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1998:
282) as Apogon apogonoides; record confirmed by Fricke
(1999: 224), based on SAIAB material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species.
Found on exposed rocky and coral reefs from shallow water
down to 60 m depth. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and
South Africa and Seychelles east to Philippines and Marquesas Islands, north to southern Japan, south to Queensland/
Australia and Loyalty Islands.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Ostorhinchus aureus (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1802) – Bandtail cardinal; Apogon à queue bandée
Taxonomy. Originally described in part from Réunion by
Lacepède (1802: 253, 273, 275–276) as Centropomus aureus;
record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 225–226), based on
SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in shallow water in coral
reefs, at depths of 1–40 m, hiding during the day. Outside the
area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Society Islands, north
to Izu Islands, south to Western Australia at 28°45'S, New
South Wales/Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Ostorhinchus cookii (Macleay, 1881) – Cook’s cardinalfish
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on a specimen collected during a visual census, in Saint-Paul Bay, at 15 m
depth, in 2008 (T. Mulochau, P. Durville). Taxonomic decision of R andall (2005: 204)
Distribution. Réunion, Comores, Madagascar. Marine species.
Found in coral and rocky reefs, resting in holes during the
day, at depths of 0–5 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East
Africa east to Philippines, north to southern Japan, south to
New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Ostorhinchus fasciatus (White, 1790) – Broad-banded cardinalfish
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion; previously listed by
Guichenot (1863: C23) as Apogon quadrifasciatus (non Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1828). Taxonomic decision of
the present paper (named Apogon fasciatus by other authors).
Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species.
Found in sheltered water, in seagrass beds and near sea
anemones, in coral reef lagoons, at depths of 0–80 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa south to Mozambique,
east to Philippines and New Guinea, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
Ostorhinchus taeniophorus (Regan, 1908) – Reef-flat cardinalfish, ninestripe cardinal
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1991:
164) as Apogon taeniophorus; record confirmed by Fricke
(1999: 230–231), based on BPBM, MNHN and SMNS material. Taxonomic decision of R andall (2005: 210).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found
in caves and holes of outer reef flats exposed to surge, including tidal pools, at depths of 0–10 m. Outside the area,
Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Kiribati/Line Islands
and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara
Islands, south to Shark Bay/Western Australia, New South
Wales/Australia at 28°39'S, New Caledonia and Rapa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Pristiapogon fraenatus (Valenciennes, 1832) – Bridled cardinalfish, spurcheek cardinal
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Chabanet (1994: 238)
as Apogon fraenatus; record confirmed by Fricke (1999:
227–228), based on MNHN and SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found
in relatively clear waters of reef flats and lagoon and seaward coral and rocky reefs, at depths of 1–25 m, hiding during the day. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa
east to Line and Gambier islands, north to Ryukyu Islands,
south to North West Cape/Western Australia, Sydney/New
South Wales, New Caledonia and Austral Islands.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Pristiapogon kallopterus (Bleeker, 1856) – Iridescent cardinalfish, spinyhead cardinal
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1991:
164) as Apogon kallopterus; previously listed by HarmelinVivien (1976: 92) as Pristiapogon snyderi; record of Apogon
kallopterus confirmed by Fricke (1999: 228–229), based on
LEMUR, MNHN and SMNS material. Taxonomic decision
of R andall (2005: 211).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found
in relatively clear and silty waters on reef flats and lagoon
and seaward coral and rocky reefs, at depths of 0–48 m, hiding during the day. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and
South Africa east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn Group,
south to Western Australia, Queensland/Australia, Lord
Howe and Kermadec islands, Tonga and Rapa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Pristiapogon taeniopterus (Bennett, 1836) – Bandfin cardinalfish
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on specimens collected during a visual census, on the outer and inner reefs, in
2005 (T. Mulochau, P. Durville). Taxonomic decision of
R andall (2005: 211).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in coral and rocky reefs, resting
in holes during the day, at depths of 1–82 m. Outside the
area, tropical southern Indian Ocean east to Cocos-Keeling
and Christmas islands (eastern Indian Ocean); New Caledonia east to Pitcairn Group; Marianas to Hawaiian and Line
53
islands. Bipolar west-east distribution; no records from Australia and Indonesia to Japan.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Siphamia mossambica Smith, 1955 – Sea urchin cardinalfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 236),
based on Siphamia sp. of H armelin-Vivien (1976: 92).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in lagoon habitats including tidal pools,
between the spines of sea urchins, especially Diadema spp.,
at depths of 0–20 m. Outside the area, South and East Africa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
E p i g o n i d a e – Deepwater cardinalfishes
Epigonus denticulatus Dieuzeide, 1950 – Pencil cardinal
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion and the Mascarenes by
Fricke (1999: 236), based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Adults are benthic on the
slope at depths of 130–830 m; juveniles pelagic at 130–
425 m. Outside the area, cosmopolitan in tropical and temperate oceans.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
EUT. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action.
Sphyraenops bairdianus Poey, 1861 – Triplespine deepwater
cardinalfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Durville et al. (submitted), based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Bathypelagic, at depths
of 200–1750 m. Outside the area, Western Atlantic, northwestern Australia, antiequatorial in western Pacific.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
EUT. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action.
S i l l a g i n i d a e – Sillagos
Sillago sihama (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Silver sillago;
Pêche-madame argenté
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bleeker (1874: 80).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Freshwater, transitional water and marine. Found on sand bottom along beaches, in the lagoon and
in estuaries and lower reaches of rivers and streams, at
depths of 0–1 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South
Africa east to Philippines and Solomon Islands, north to
Korea and southern Japan, south to Exmouth Gulf/Western
Australia, Queensland/Australia at 21°09'S and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, FIB,
EUT, CON. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
M a l a c a n t h i d a e – Tilefishes
Branchiostegus doliatus (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1830) – Ribbed tilefish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C25)
54
Neue Serie 2
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
as Latilus doliatus; record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 237),
based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species.
Found on soft bottoms, at depths of 90–400 m. Outside the
area, Natal/South Africa to East Africa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
FIB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Malacanthus brevirostris Guichenot, 1848 – Stripetail tilefish,
quakerfish; Matajuel nez court
Taxonomy. Original description in part from Réunion by
Guichenot (1848: 14–15).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species.
Found in pairs over rocks or sandy areas adjacent to reefs, at
depths of 5–50 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South
Africa east to Panama, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to
Kimberleys/Western Australia, northern New Zealand and
Austral Islands.
Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: FIT,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low
priority for conservation action.
Malacanthus latovittatus (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801) –
Blue tilefish, blue blanquillo, striped blanquillo; Matajuel
bleu
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bleeker (1874: 80);
previously listed by Guichenot (1863: C28) as Malacanthus
taeniatus; record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 239–240),
based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on soft bottoms adjacent to
outer reef slopes, at depths of 5–60 m. Outside the area, Red
Sea and East Africa east to Hawaiian Islands, Samoa and
Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia,
New South Wales/Australia at 32°26'S, and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low priority for conservation action.
C o r y p h a e n i d a e – Dolphinfishes
Coryphaena equiselis Linnaeus, 1758 – Pompano dolphinfish;
Coryphène dauphin
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 257–
258), based on MNHN material; listed as C. equigalis by
Letourneur et al. (2004: 211).
Distribution. Réunion, Rodrigues. Marine species. Oceanic, pelagic, near the surface. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical and warm temperate seas.
Conservation. Threatened migrant in Réunion (TM). Threats:
FIT, FIB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone
species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation
action.
Coryphaena hippurus Linnaeus, 1758 – Common dolphinfish;
Coryphène
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bleeker (1874: 97);
record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 258), based on MHNRUN
material.
Distribution. Réunion, Rodrigues. Marine species. Oceanic, pelagic, near the surface. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical and warm temperate seas.
Conservation. Threatened migrant in Réunion (TM). Threats:
FIT, FIB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone
species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation
action. Highly migratory species, listed on Annex I of the
1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea (Anonymus 1994).
M e n i d a e – Moonfish
Mene maculata (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) – Moonfish; Luneur
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Heemstra (1984b:
2 unnumbered pp.); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 259),
based on MHNRUN material. Also described in an earlier,
fragmentary, 1800 edition of Bloch & Schneider as discussed by Fricke (1999: 259).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Transitional water and marine. Found in deeper coastal waters near the bottom, sometimes in estuaries. Outside the area, Durban/South
Africa and East Africa east to New Guinea, south to Western
Australia and New South Wales/Australia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
FIB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Low priority for conservation action.
E c h e n e i d a e – Remoras
Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus, 1758 – Live sharksucker, shark
remora; Pilote (Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bleeker (1874: 98) as
E. neucrates; record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 241–242),
based on MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Temporarily attached to a variety of hosts including sharks, rays, large
bony fishes or sea turtles, whales, dolphins and also to ships;
often found free-swimming in shallow inshore areas and
around coral reefs. Outside the area, circumglobal in tropical
and temperate oceans.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HOS. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low priority
for conservation action.
Remora australis (Bennett, 1840) – Whalesucker, whale remora;
Rémora des baleines
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion and the Mascarenes by
Fricke (1999: 242), based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found attached to cetaceans. Outside the area, circumglobal in tropical and temperate oceans.
Conservation. Critically endangered in Réunion (CR), due to
massive decline of host species. Threats: HOS. Very sensitive to human activities. Severe decline. High priority for
conservation action. Proposed for Annexes II and IV of the
EU Habitats Directive.
Remora brachyptera (Lowe, 1839) – Spearfish remora; Rémora
des espadons
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Sauvage (1891: 321) as
Echeneis brachypterus; record confirmed by Fricke (1999:
242), based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found attached to sailfishes and swordfishes, rarely to other fish
species. Outside the area, circumglobal in tropical and temperate oceans.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU), due to decline of
host species. Threats: HOS. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. Proposed for Annexes II and IV of the EU Habitats
Directive.
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
Remora remora (Linnaeus, 1758) – Common remora; Pilote
(Réunion), rémora (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C29)
as Echeneis remora; previously listed as Echeneis bourboniensis and Echeneis remeligo (nomina nuda) by Duméril
(1858: 377), and described as Echeneis remeligo by Duméril
in Guichenot (1863: C17–C19, C29) and as Echeneis Borboniensis by Guichenot (1863: C19–C20, C 29); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 242–243), based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Transitional and marine water. Found attached to
sharks but also attaches itself to other large fishes, sea turtles
and even ships. Outside the area, circumglobal in tropical
and temperate oceans.
Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: HOS.
Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low priority for conservation action.
C a r a n g i d a e – Jacks and pompanos
Alectis indica (Rüppell, 1830) – Indian mirrorfish, Indian
threadfish; Carangue folle (Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Sauvage (1891: 324–
325) as Seriolichthys indicus; previously described as Hynnis insanus by Valenciennes (1862: 1203), and subsequently
listed as H. momsa by Fourmanoir & Guézé (1962a: 10).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles.
Transitional water and marine. Adults found over coral reefs
at 60–100 m depth, juveniles in shallow water of estuaries
and coral reef lagoons. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and
South Africa east to Tuamotu Archipelago, north to southern
Japan, south to Western Australia at 28°50'S and New South
Wales/Australia at 34°26'S.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Atule mate (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1833) – Yellowtail
scad; Carangue maté
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1992:
unpag. 3) as Caranx mate.
Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar. Transitional water and marine. Found in estuaries and coastal bays, adjacent to coral
reefs. Outside the area, East Africa east to Hawaiian Islands,
Samoa and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to Exmouth Gulf/Western Australia, New South Wales/Australia
at 29°26'S, and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Carangoides armatus (Rüppell, 1830) – Longfin trevally, longfin kingfish; Carangue sap-sap
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 244),
based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Transitional water and marine. Found in shallow
coastal waters near rocks or corals; juveniles may enter estuaries. Outside the area, East London/South Africa and East
Africa east to Gulf of Thailand and southern China, north to
southern Japan.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, EUT.
Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant
decline. High priority for conservation action.
55
Carangoides chrysophrys (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830) – Longnose trevally, longnose kingfish; Ca
rangue cochon (Réunion), carangue tapir (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fourmanoir & Guézé
(1962a: 9–10) as Caranx chrysophrys and Caranx malabaricus (non Bloch & Schneider, 1801).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Transitional water and marine. Found over coastal
reefs; juveniles may enter estuaries. Outside the area, Red
Sea and East Africa east to Philippines and Fiji, north to
Ryukyu Islands, south to Exmouth Gulf/Western Australia
and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Carangoides coeruleopinnatus (Rüppell, 1830) – Coastal trevally, coastal kingfish; Carangue cochon (Réunion), ca
rangue tapir (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C26)
as Caranx caeruleo pinnatus.
Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species.
Found over coastal reefs, at depths of 1–60 m. Outside the
area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Samoa and Tonga,
north to southern Japan.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Carangoides ferdau (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Blue trevally;
Carangue tachetée
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Smith-Vaniz (1984:
2 unnumbered pp.).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in coastal waters
over sand bottom near coral reefs, at depths of 1–60 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa eastward to Hawaiian
and Line islands and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Norfolk Island and Rapa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable
decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Carangoides fulvoguttatus (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Yellow-spotted trevally, yellow-dotted trevally; Carangue pailletée
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Smith-Vaniz (1984:
2 unnumbered pp.).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found on rocky
and coral reefs, at depths of 1–100 m. Outside the area, Red
Sea and East Africa east to Palau/Belau and Vanuatu, north
to Ryukyu Islands, south to Western Australia at 30°30'S,
South Solitary Island/New South Wales, Australia, New
Caledonia and Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Carangoides gymnostethus (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1833) – Bludger; Carangue blanc (Réunion), carangue balo
(France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Smith-Vaniz (1984:
2 unnumbered pp.); previously listed by Fourmanoir &
Guézé (1962a: 9) as Caranx gymnostethoides.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on deep offshore reefs close
56
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
to corals or rocks. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South
Africa east to Marshall and Tuamotu islands, north to
Ryukyu Islands, south to Exmouth Gulf/Western Australia,
Queensland/Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, EUT.
Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low priority for conservation action.
Carangoides hedlandensis (Whitley, 1934) – Bumpnose trevally; Carangue à longes nageoires
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Biais & Taquet (1992:
74); record confirmed by Letourneur et al. (2004: 211).
Distribution. Réunion, Seychelles. Transitional water and marine. Found in coastal waters near coral and rocky reefs; juveniles may enter estuaries. Outside the area, East and South
Africa east to Philippines, Samoa and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to Shark Bay/Western Australia, Queens
land/Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Carangoides oblongus (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1833)
– Coachwhip trevally; Carangue oblongue
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Smith-Vaniz (1984:
2 unnumbered pp.).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Transitional water and marine. Found in coastal
waters near coral and rocky reefs; juveniles may enter estuaries. Outside the area, Gulf of Aden, East and South Africa
east to Fiji, north to southern Japan, south to Queensland/
Australia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Carangoides orthogrammus (Jordan & Gilbert, 1882) – Island
trevally; Carangue des Îles
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on a specimen collected during a visual census, in Saint-Gilles harbour, in
2005 (T. Mulochau, P. Durville).
Distribution. Réunion, Seychelles. Marine species. Pelagic near
coral and rocky reefs, at depths of 3–180 m. Outside the area,
East Africa east to Hawaiian and Revillagigedo islands,
north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Lord Howe Island.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Low
priority for conservation action.
Caranx heberi (Bennett, 1830) – Blacktip trevally, blacktip
kingfish; Carangue cocole
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion and the Mascarenes by
Fricke (1999: 247), based on an underwater observation by
Y. Letourneur.
Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar. Transitional water and marine. Found in clear coastal waters over rocky reefs, occasionally also in lagoons or estuaries. Outside the area, South
and East Africa east to Fiji, north to Ryukyu Islands, south
to northern Australia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Caranx ignobilis (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Giant trevally; Carangue grosse tête (Réunion), carangue têtue
(France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fourmanoir & Guézé
Neue Serie 2
(1962a: 9); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 247), based on
MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Transitional water and marine. Adults
are found over clear lagoon and seaward coral reefs, juveniles in estuaries. Outside the area, East Africa east to Hawaiian and Line islands and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New South Wales/
Australia, New Caledonia, Tonga and Rapa.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, FIB,
HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone
species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation
action.
Caranx lugubris Poey, 1860 – Black kingfish, black jack; Ca
rangue noire (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Smith-Vaniz (1984:
2 unnumbered pp.); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 247),
based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Cargados Carajos.
Marine species. Found on clear oceanic coral reefs or near
drop-offs, at depths of 5–354 m. Outside the area, circumtropical, widespread but mostly restricted to oceanic insular
habitats.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, FIB,
HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone
species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation
action.
Caranx melampygus Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1833 –
Bluefin trevally, bluefin kingfish; Carangue bleu (Réunion),
carangue aile bleue (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fourmanoir & Guézé
(1962a: 8); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 248), based on
MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Adults found on coral or
rocky reefs, juveniles inshore in sandy lagoons. Outside the
area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Panama, north
to Izu and Ogasawara islands, south to Dampier Archipelago/Western Australia, New South Wales/Australia, Norfolk
Island and Rapa.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, FIB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Caranx papuensis Alleyne & Macleay, 1877 – Brassy trevally,
brassy kingfish; Carangue bronze
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 248–
249), based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Freshwater, transitional water and marine. Found in lagoon and seaward coral reefs, occasionally
entering rivers and streams. Outside the area, East and South
Africa east to Marshall and Marquesas islands, north to
Ryukyu Islands, south to Timor Sea/Western Australia,
Queensland/Australia at 27°23'S, and Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT, CON. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard, 1825 – Bigeye trevally,
bigeye kingfish; Carangue (Réunion), carangue vorace
(France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Smith-Vaniz (1984:
2 unnumbered pp.); previously listed by Bleeker (1874) as
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
Carangus hippos (non Linné, 1766), and by Sauvage (1891:
323) as Caranx carangus (non Bloch, 1793); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 249–250), based on MNHN and
USNM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Freshwater, transitional water
and marine. Found in lagoon and seaward coral reefs, occasionally entering rivers and streams. Outside the area, Red
Sea, East and South Africa east to Hawaiian and Marquesas
islands, south to Point Quobba/Western Australia, New
South Wales/Australia, Norfolk and Austral islands; Galapagos Islands and Mexico to Ecuador.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT, CON. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant
decline. High priority for conservation action.
Decapterus kurroides Bleeker, 1855 – Redtail scad; Comète
maouane
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Smith-Vaniz (1984:
2 unnumbered pp.).
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found near reefs along
slopes in deep water. Outside the area, East Africa east to
Philippines, north to southern Japan, south to Onslow/Western Australia at 19°27'S.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Decapterus macarellus (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1833)
– Mackerel scad; Bancloche (Réunion), comète macquereau
(France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Smith-Vaniz (1984:
2 unnumbered pp.); previously listed as D. macrosoma (non
Bleeker, 1851) and D. Russelli (non Rüppell, 1830) by Four
manoir & Guézé (1962a: 3, 5); record of D. macarellus confirmed by Fricke (1999: 250), based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Aldabra, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found near clear reefs from
shallow water to 20 m depth. Outside the area, circumtropical.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Elagatis bipinnulata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) – Rainbow runner; Saumon, dauphin (Réunion), comète saumon (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Smith-Vaniz (1984:
2 unnumbered pp.); previously described as Irex indicus by
Valenciennes (1862: 1205); record of Elagatis bipinnulata
confirmed by Fricke (1999: 250–251), based on MHNRUN
material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Associated with coral or rocky
reefs. Outside the area, circumtropical.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, EUT.
Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant
decline. High priority for conservation action.
Gnathanodon speciosus (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Golden
kingfish, golden trevally; Carangue royale jaune
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Smith-Vaniz (1984:
2 unnumbered pp.).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found over sand bottom associated
to seaward coral reefs. Juveniles live among the tentacles of
jellyfish. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa
east to Panama, north to Ryukyu and Hawaiian islands,
57
south to Shark Bay/Western Australia, New South Wales/
Australia at Sydney, New Caledonia, Tonga and Austral Islands.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable
decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus, 1758) – Pilotfish; Poisson pilote
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bleeker (1874: 98);
previously listed as N. indicus by Guichenot (1863: C26).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar. Marine species. Pelagic, oceanic species with a semiobligate commensal relationship with sharks, rays, larger
bony fishes and turtles; juveniles usually associated with
jellyfish and drifting seaweed. Outside the area, worldwide
in tropical and temperate seas.
Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: FIB,
HOS. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low
priority for conservation action.
Parastromateus niger (Bloch, 1795) – Black pomfret; Castagnoline noire
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Smith-Vaniz (1984:
2 unnumbered pp.).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles.
Transitional water and marine. Inhabits coastal areas with
muddy substrate; found near the bottom during daytime and
near the surface at night; enters estuaries. Outside the area,
worldwide in tropical and temperate seas. South and East
Africa east to Philippines, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Queensland/Australia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
FIB. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Pseudocaranx dentex (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) – White trevally, white kingfish; Carangue dentue
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion and the Mascarenes by
Fricke (1999: 253), based on MHNRUN material. Fricke
(1999: 253) dated this species to an 1800 edition of Bloch &
Schneider of which only a fragment of the text remains (see
Fricke 1999: 666); that edition should be placed on the Official Index of Rejected Works according to Eschmeyer &
Fricke (2008).
Distribution. Réunion. Transitional water and marine. Found in
bays and coastal waters close to coral reefs, also entering
estuaries (especially juveniles). Outside the area, South Africa, southern Australia; eastern Australia east to Easter Island, south to Lord Howe Island, northern New Zealand and
Rapa; Japan, Hawaiian Islands, tropical and warm temperate
Atlantic Ocean including Mediterranean Sea.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Scomberoides commersonianus Lacepède [ex Commerson],
1801 – Talang queenfish; Lubine, sauteur talang
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bleeker (1874: 98);
previously listed as Chorinemus Commersonii by Guichenot
(1863: C26).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Transitional water and marine. Found in coastal waters, often near coral
reefs, also entering estuaries. Outside the area, East Africa
east to Philippines, north to southern Japan, south to Exmouth Gulf/Western Australia, Sydney/New South Wales
and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
58
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Scomberoides lysan (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Double-spotted queenfish, leatherback; Pompre, sauteur sabre
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fourmanoir & Guézé
(1962a: 13, 14) as Chorinemus lysan, C. sanctipetri and C.
tol (non Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1832); previously
listed as C. sancti Petri and C. mauritianus by Guichenot
(1863: C26); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 254–255),
based on MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion. Transitional water and marine. Adults
found in clear lagoon and seaward coral reefs, juveniles inshore and in estuaries. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and
South Africa east to Hawaiian Islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Exmouth Gulf/Western Australia, New South
Wales/Australia at Sydney, New Caledonia, Tonga and Rapa.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Selar crumenophthalmus (Bloch, 1793) – Bigeye scad; Pêche
cavale du large, chinard (Réunion), selar coulisou (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bleeker (1874: 99) as
Caranx crumenophthalmus; previously listed as C. Mauritianus by Guichenot (1863: C26); record confirmed by
Fricke (1999: 255), based on MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Pelagic in clear oceanic water close
to islands. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical and subtropical seas.
Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: FIT,
EUT. Annual catch in Réunion estimated at 100 tonnes
(Roux & Conand 2000: 173). Sensitive to human activities.
Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Seriola lalandi Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1833 –
Yellowtail amberjack; L’Amoureuse grosse (Réunion), sériole chicard (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Biais & Taquet (1992:
74).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Amsterdam Island, Walters
Shoal, Comores. Transitional water and marine. Pelagic in
coastal waters near coral reefs, sometimes entering estuaries. Outside the area, South Africa east to southern Australia, Western Australia north to Shark Bay, southern Japan,
Hawaiian Islands, eastern Australia east to Easter Island,
Nazca and Sala-y-Gomez ridges.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Seriola rivoliana Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1833
– Almaco jack, longfin yellowtail; Sériole limon
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 256);
previously listed by Fourmanoir & Guézé (1962a: 11) as
S. songoro.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues. Marine species.
Pelagic near outer coral reef slopes at depths of 5–160 m;
juveniles associated with floating objects. Outside the area,
East Africa east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn Group,
north to southern Japan, south to Dampier Archipelago/
Western Australia, New South Wales/Australia, Lord Howe
and Kermadec islands, and Tonga.
Neue Serie 2
Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low priority for conservation action.
Seriolina nigrofasciata (Rüppell, 1829) – Black-banded trevally;
L’Amoureuse petite (Réunion), sériole amourez (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fourmanoir & Guézé
(1962a: 12).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Pelagic above rock bottoms, at
depths of 20–150 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and
South Africa east to Philippines, north to southern Japan,
south to Queensland/Australia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Trachinotus baillonii (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801) – Smallspotted pompano; Lime (Réunion), pompaneau muscadin
(France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C26)
as T. Bailloni; record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 257), based
on MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found near the surface in lagoon
and seaward coral reefs, occurring in schools near the edge
of the surf. Outside the area, East Africa east to northern
Line and Gambier islands, north to southern Japan, south to
Western Australia, New South Wales/Australia, Lord Howe
Island, Tonga and Rapa.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Trachinotus blochii (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801) – Snubnose pompano; Pompaneau lune
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Blanc & Postel (1958:
369, 373) as T. Blochi.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found near the surface in lagoon
and seaward coral reefs, occurring in schools near the edge
of the surf. Outside the area, East Africa east to Marshall
Islands, Samoa and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to
Western Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Uraspis uraspis (Günther, 1860) – Whitetongue jack; Carangue
paia
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur et al.
(2004: 204).
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Pelagic on the continental shelf, at depths of 20–130 m. Outside the area, Red Sea
and East Africa east to Hawaiian Islands, north to Ryukyu
Islands, south to northern Australia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
L e i o g n a t h i d a e – Ponyfishes
Gazza dentex (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1835) –
Ovoid toothpony; Ambache blanc (Réunion), sapsap dentu
(France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C26)
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
as Equula dentex; record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 259–
260), based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Seychelles. Transitional water and marine. Found over sandy or muddy bottoms, at depths of 1–20 m. Outside the area, east to Indonesia, north to Thailand, south to northern Australia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Leiognathus dussumieri (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1835) – Dussumier’s ponyfish; Sapsap vaguelette
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by James et al. (1984:
2 unnumbered pp.).
Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar. Transitional water and marine. Found over coral sand bottoms in inshore waters, but
also entering estuaries. Outside the area, India east to Indonesia and Philippines.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
FIB, EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone
species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation
action.
Leiognathus equulus (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Common
ponyfish, slimy, common slipmouth; Sapsap commun
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by James (1975: 145–147);
previously listed as Equula ensifera by Guichenot (1863:
C26), and as L. edentulus by Bleeker (1874: 98); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 260), based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Transitional water and marine. Found in
river mouths and muddy inshore areas, often in mangrove
areas, and on soft bottoms down to 70 m depth. Outside the
area, Red Sea, East Africa east to eastern Caroline Islands,
north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Western Australia at
Broome, Queensland/Australia at Townsville, and New
Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
FIB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Leiognathus longispinis (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1835)
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on a specimen
observed and photographed during a visual census, in collaboration with local fishermen, in Saint-Gilles harbour, in
2008 (T. Mulochau, P. Durville).
Distribution. Réunion, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in
coastal waters near the substrate, at depths of 0–10 m. Outside the area, India east to Palawan/Philippines, north to
Gulf of Thailand, south to Onslow/Western Australia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
FIB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown.
Low priority for conservation action.
B r a m i d a e – Pomfrets
Brama dussumieri Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1831 –
Lesser bream; Castagnole mignonne
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Haedrich (1984: 2 unnumbered pp.).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Pelagic, at depths of 1–300 m. Outside the area,
circumtropical.
Conservation. Threatened migrant in Réunion (TM). Threats:
FIB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline.
59
Low priority for conservation action. Highly migratory species, listed on Annex I of the 1982 Convention on the Law of
the Sea (Anonymus 1994).
Brama orcini Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1831 – Bigtooth
pomfret
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on photographed
specimens collected by local fishermen, off Saint-Paul, at
450 m depth, in 2004 (P. Durville, E. Tessier, T. Mu
lochau).
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Benthopelagic, at depths
of 1–1229 m. Outside the area, widespread in tropical and
warm temperate parts of Indian and Pacific oceans.
Conservation. Threatened migrant in Réunion (TM). Threats:
FIB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline.
Low priority for conservation action. Highly migratory species, listed on Annex I of the 1982 Convention on the Law of
the Sea (Anonymus 1994).
Eumegistus illustris Jordan & Jordan, 1922 – Brilliant pomfret;
Castagnole mignonne
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur et al.
(2004: 204), based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Engybenthic and
benthopelagic, at depths of 1–520 m. Outside the area, western Indian Ocean and western and central Pacific.
Conservation. Threatened migrant in Réunion (TM). Threats:
FIB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline.
Low priority for conservation action. Highly migratory species, listed on Annex I of the 1982 Convention on the Law of
the Sea (Anonymus 1994).
Pteraclis velifera (Pallas, 1770) – Spotted fanfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 262–
263); previously listed as Pteraclis trichipterus by Bleeker
(1874: 98).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Walters Shoal, Madagascar.
Marine species. Pelagic species found in open, offshore water. Outside the area, South Africa to Mozambique.
Conservation. Threatened migrant in Réunion (TM). Threats:
FIB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline.
Low priority for conservation action. Highly migratory species, listed on Annex I of the 1982 Convention on the Law of
the Sea (Anonymus 1994).
Pterycombus petersii (Hilgendorf, 1787) – Prickly pomfret
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Durville et al. (submitted), based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Pelagic species found in
open, offshore water. Outside the area, widespread in tropical and temperate waters of Indian and Pacific oceans.
Conservation. Threatened migrant in Réunion (TM). Threats:
FIB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline.
Low priority for conservation action. Highly migratory species, listed on Annex I of the 1982 Convention on the Law of
the Sea (Anonymus 1994).
Taractichthys steindachneri (Döderlein in Steindachner &
Döderlein, 1883) – Sickle pomfret
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion and the Mascarenes by
Fricke (1999: 263), based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Pelagic species found in
open, offshore water. Outside the area, widespread in tropical and warm temperate Indian and Pacific oceans.
Conservation. Threatened migrant in Réunion (TM). Threats:
FIB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline.
Low priority for conservation action. Highly migratory spe-
60
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
cies, listed on Annex I of the 1982 Convention on the Law of
the Sea (Anonymus 1994).
L u t j a n i d a e – Snappers
Aphareus furca (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801) – Blue smalltooth jobfish; Lantanier noir (Réunion), vivaneau tidents
(France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bleeker (1874: 91) as
A. furcatus; previously listed as A. caerulescens by
Guichenot (1863: C25); record confirmed by Fricke (1999:
263–264), based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Seychelles. Marine
species. Found in lagoons, coral and rocky reefs, at depths of
1–122 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan, south to
northern Western Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. Proposed for Annex II of the EU Habitats Directive.
Aphareus rutilans Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830 – Red
smalltooth jobfish, rusty jobfish; Vivaneau lantanier
(Réunion), vivaneau rouillé (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863:
C25).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Seychelles. Marine species. Found over coral and rocky reefs, at
depths of 50–350 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to
Hawaiian Islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara
Islands, south to northern Western Australia, Queensland/
Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. Proposed for Annex II of the EU Habitats Directive.
Aprion virescens Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830
– Green jobfish; Thazard blanc (Réunion), vivaneau job
(France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C24);
record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 264–265), based on
MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Cargados Carajos, Seychelles. Marine species. Found
in open waters of deep lagoons, channels, or seaward reefs,
at depths of 1–180 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to
Hawaiian and Marquesas islands, north to southern Japan,
south to Port Hedland/Western Australia, New South Wales/
Australia, Lord Howe Island, and Tonga.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone
species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation
action.
Etelis carbunculus Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1828 –
Ruby snapper; Vivaneau rouge (Réunion), vivaneau rubis
(France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C23);
listed as Etelis Marshi by Guézé & Fourmanoir (1960: 8,
19); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 265), based on
MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Seychelles. Marine species. Found above rock bottoms, at depths
of 90–350 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Hawaiian,
Neue Serie 2
Kiribati/Line and Austral islands, north to southern Japan,
south to off Kimberleys/Western Australia, northern New
Zealand, and Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
FIB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Etelis coruscans Valenciennes, 1862 – Flame snapper; Vivaneau
flamme
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C23);
listed as E. oculatus (non Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1828) by Vaillant (1873: 71); record confirmed by Fricke
(1999: 265–266), based on MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Seychelles. Marine
species. Found above rock bottoms, at depths of 90–350 m.
Outside the area, East Africa east to Hawaiian Islands and
Samoa, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia,
New South Wales/Australia, Lord Howe and Kermadec islands, and Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
FIB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Etelis radiosus Anderson, 1981 – Scarlet snapper; Vivaneau
écarlate
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on photographed
specimens collected by local fishermen, off Saint-Paul, at
370 m depth, in 2005 (P. Durville, E. Tessier, T. Mu
lochau).
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found on rocky bottoms,
at depths of 90–360 m. Outside the area, Sri Lanka east to
Caroline Islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to New
Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
FIB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Low priority for conservation action.
Lutjanus argentimaculatus (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – River
snapper, mangrove red snapper; Vivaneau des mangroves
(France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Allen & Talbot (1985:
19–21); listed as Mesoprion griseoides by Guichenot (1863:
C2–C3, C23); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 265–266),
based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Freshwater, transitional water and marine. Juveniles and young adults occur in estuaries, the lower
reaches of freshwater streams and tidal creeks; adults are
often found in groups around coral or rocky reefs; at depths
of 0–100 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east
to Kiribati/Line and Society islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Derby/Western Australia, New South Wales/
Australia, and Tonga, immigrated through the Suez Canal
into the eastern Mediterranean.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, EUT.
Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant
decline. High priority for conservation action.
Lutjanus bengalensis (Bloch, 1790) – Bengal snapper; Jaune de
côte (Réunion), vivaneau du Bengale (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bleeker (1874: 27–32,
35–37, 90) as Lutjanus bengalensis and L. octovittatus; previously listed as Diacope octolineata by Guichenot (1863:
C23).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found over rocky and coral reefs, at depths of
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
0–30 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to
Sumatera/Indonesia, north to Gulf of Oman.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, EUT.
Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant
decline. High priority for conservation action.
Lutjanus bohar (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Twinspot snapper;
Vara-vara (Réunion), vivaneau chien rouge (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bleeker (1874: 90);
record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 268), based on MNHN
material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in coral reefs including lagoons, at depths of 0–100 m. Outside the area, East
Africa east to Kiribati/Line Islands and Pitcairn Group,
north to Ryukyu Islands, south to off northern Western Australia, Lord Howe and Austral islands.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, FIB,
HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone
species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation
action. Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion
due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a),
as to avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Lutjanus fulviflamma (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Dory snapper, blackspot snapper; Vivaneau gibelot (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Blanc & Postel (1958:
368) as Lutianus fulviflamma; record confirmed by Fricke
(1999: 268–269), based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Freshwater, transitional water and marine. Found in coral reefs including sheltered lagoons, estuaries and lower reaches of rivers and
streams, at depths of 0–35 m. Outside the area, East Africa
east to Philippines, Samoa and Tonga, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Western Australia and Lord Howe Island.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Lutjanus fulvus (Schneider [ex Forster] in Bloch & Schneider,
1801) – Yellow striped snapper, flametail snapper; Dorée
(Réunion), vivaneau queue noire (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Allen et al. (1984:
2 unnumbered pp.); previously listed as Diacope analis and
D. marginata by Guichenot (1863: C23), and as Lutjanus
vaigiensis by Fourmanoir & Guézé (1962b: 12); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 269–270), based on MHNRUN and
MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar. Freshwater, transitional water and marine. Found in
lagoon and semi-protected seaward coral and rocky reefs;
juveniles sometimes in estuaries and the lower parts of
freshwater streams; at depths of 0–75 m. Outside the area,
East Africa east to Kiribati/Line and Marquesas islands,
north to southern Japan, south to Queensland/Australia,
Norfolk Island and Rapa, introduced to Hawaiian Islands.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Lutjanus gibbus (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Humpback snapper; Marie-Therèse (Réunion), vivaneau pagaie (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Allen et al. (1984:
2 unnumbered pp).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in coral reefs, at
61
depths of 0–100 m, juveniles in seagrass beds or mixed sand
and coral habitats. Outside the area, East Africa east to Kiribati/Line Islands and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south
to Western Australia, Queensland/Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
FIB, HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Lutjanus kasmira (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Blue-banded
snapper, blue-lined snapper; Le petite jaune (Réunion), vivaneau à raies bleues (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Blanc & Postel (1958:
368); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 271–272), based on
MNHN material. Also MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in coral
and rocky reefs, at depths of 0–100 m, juveniles in seagrass
beds or patch reefs. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Kiribati/Line Islands and Pitcairn Group, north
to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to off Western Australia, Lord Howe and Kermadec islands, and Rapa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Lutjanus monostigma (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1828)
– Onespot snapper; Vivaneau églefin
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Allen et al. (1984:
2 unnumbered pp.).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in coral reefs, at
depths of 1–60 m, usually close to shelter. Outside the area,
East Africa east to Kiribati/Line Islands and Pitcairn, north
to Ryukyu Islands, south to off northwestern Australia,
Queensland/Australia, New Caledonia and Rapa.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Lutjanus notatus (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1828) –
Blue-striped snapper; Jaune de fond (Réunion), vivaneau à
raies bleues (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Allen & Talbot (1985:
62–63); previously listed as Diacope duodecimlineata and
D. decemlineata by Guichenot (1863: C23), and as Lutjanus
quinquelineatus (non Bloch, 1790) by Bleeker (1874: 33–35,
91); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 273–274), based on
MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar. Marine species. Found in coral and rocky reefs, at
depths of 5–50 m. Outside the area, East Africa to Durban/
South Africa.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Lutjanus rivulatus (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1828) –
Scribbled snapper, speckled snapper; Lèvre de bœuf, bonhomme tombé (Réunion), vivaneau maori (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C23)
as Diacope rivulata and D. albo-guttata.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Freshwater, transitional water and marine. Occasionally encountered in coral reefs or shallow inshore flats;
adults on deep coastal slopes, down to 100 m depth, juve-
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stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
niles on shallow algae-reef flats, often near freshwater runoffs. Outside the area, East Africa east to Palau/Belau and
Society Islands, north to southern Japan, south to Exmouth
Gulf/Western Australia, Queensland/Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
FIB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Lutjanus russellii (Bleeker, 1849) – Russell’s snapper; Doret
batard (Réunion), vivaneau hublot (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Biais & Taquet (1992:
74); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 275), based on
MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar. Freshwater, transitional water and marine. Inhabits offshore coral
reefs and also inshore rocky and coral reefs, at depths of
0–80 m; juveniles in estuaries and lower reaches of freshwater streams. Outside the area, East Africa east to Philippines,
Samoa and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to Western
Australia, Queensland/Australia, and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Lutjanus sebae (Cuvier, 1816) – Emperor snapper; Vivaneau
bourgeois
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C23)
as Diacope sebae.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles. Freshwater, transitional water and marine. Found in
the vicinity of coral or rocky reefs, often over adjacent sand
flats and gravel patches, also in deeper water on relatively
flat bottoms; juveniles frequently commensal with sea urchins. Outside the area, southern Red Sea and East Africa
east to Philippines and Solomon Islands, north to southern
Japan, south to Exmouth Gulf/Western Australia, New
South Wales/Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, FIB,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to
Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to
avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Macolor niger (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Black snapper,
black-and-white snapper; Vivaneau plate
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 93).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on steep outer walls of lagoon, channel and seaward coral reef slopes, at depths of
1–90 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to
Marshall Islands, Samoa and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to off northwestern Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone
species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation
action.
Paracaesio xanthura (Bleeker, 1869) – Yellowtail blue snapper,
yellowtail fusilier; Cendré, batavia noir (Réunion), vivanette
queue jaune (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Blanc & Postel (1958:
368, 369, 370, 373) as Caesio xanthurus and Aetiasis cantharoides; previously listed as Apsilus fuscus (non Valenci-
Neue Serie 2
ennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830) by Guichenot (1863:
C24); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 276–277), based on
MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found above rocky bottoms and
coral reefs, at depths of 5–250 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Marshall Islands, north to southern Japan, south
to New South Wales/Australia, Lord Howe, Kermadec and
Austral islands.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. Proposed for Annexes II and V of the EU Habitats Directive.
Pristipomoides argyrogrammicus (Valenciennes in Cuvier &
Valenciennes, 1832) – Ornate jobfish; Vivaneau rayé, cerf
volant (Réunion), colas orné (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C23)
as Serranus argyro-grammiscus; record confirmed by Fric
ke (1999: 277), based on MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found above rocky bottoms, at
depths of 70–350 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to
Marshall and Society islands, north to southern Japan, south
to off northwestern Australia, Queensland/Australia, New
Caledonia and Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Pristipomoides auricilla (Jordan, Evermann & Tanaka, 1927) –
Goldflag jobfish; Colas drapeau
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 277),
based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Rodrigues, Comores. Marine species.
Found above rocky bottoms, at depths of 90–360 m. Outside
the area, Andaman Sea east to Hawaiian Islands and Rapa,
north to southern Japan, south to off northwestern Australia,
Queensland/Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Pristipomoides filamentosus (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830) – Rosy jobfish, blue-spotted jobfish, crimson
jobfish; Vivaneau commun, vivaneau blanc (Réunion), colas
fil (France)
Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion as Serranus filamentosus by Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes
(1830b: 509–509), and listed as Aprion brevirostris by Va
lenciennes in Guichenot (1863: C24, nomen nudum) and
Bleeker (1874: 90), and Aprion (Aprion) microlepis by
Bleeker (1874: 26–27); record confirmed by Fricke (1999:
278), based on MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores. Marine
species. Found above rocky bottoms, at depths of 40–400 m.
Outside the area, East Africa east to Hawaiian and Society
islands, north to southern Japan, south to off northwestern
Australia, New South Wales/Australia and Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Pristipomoides multidens (Day, 1871) – Gold-banded jobfish;
Colas à bandes dorées
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur et al.
(2004: 204).
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found in areas of hard,
rocky and uneven sea floor and steep off islands, schooling,
at depths of 40–245 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East
Africa east to Samoa, north to southern Japan, south to
northern Australia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Pristipomoides sieboldii (Bleeker, 1854) – Siebold’s jobfish; Vivaneau gris (Réunion), colas lavande (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guézé & Fourmanoir
(1960: 13–14) as P. Sieboldi; record confirmed by Fricke
(1999: 279), based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found above
rocky bottoms, at depths of 100–360 m. Outside the area,
Red Sea and East Africa east to Hawaiian and Society islands, north to southern Japan, south to Arafura Sea off
Northern Territory/Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga,
Vema Seamount in southeastern Atlantic.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Pristipomoides typus Bleeker, 1852 – Sharptooth jobfish; Vivaneau grosse écaille (Réunion), colas dentu (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guézé & Fourmanoir
(1960: 7, 12, 20–21); western Indian Ocean records need
verification.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found above
rocky bottoms, at depths of 40–120 m. Outside the area, East
Africa east to New Guinea, south to North-West Cape/Western Australia and New South Wales/Australia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Pristipomoides zonatus (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830) – Oblique-banded snapper; Jaune de creux,
jaune de large, toma, vivaneau rayé (Réunion), colas bagnard (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C23)
as Serranus zonatus; record confirmed by Fricke (1999:
279–280), based on MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Seychelles. Marine species. Found above rocky bottoms, at
depths of 70–350 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to
Hawaiian and Marquesas islands, north to southern Japan,
south to off northwestern Australia, Queensland/Australia,
Lord Howe Island, and Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
C a e s i o n i d a e – Fusiliers
Caesio caerulaurea Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801 – Scissortailed fusilier; Maquereau (Réunion), caesio azuror
(France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Cuvier in Cuvier &
Valenciennes (1830b: 434–437) as C. caerulaureus.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found in
schools along seaward coral reefs, at depths of 5–50 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Marshall, Tuamotu and Marquesas islands, north to southern Japan, south
63
to off northwestern Australia, Queensland/Australia, New
Caledonia and Tonga.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Caesio lunaris Cuvier [ex Ehrenberg] in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1830 – Blue fusilier; Caesio à croissant
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Carpenter (1984: 2 unnumbered pp.).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in schools along
seaward coral reefs, at depths of 0–50 m. Outside the area,
Red Sea and East Africa east to Marshall Islands and Fiji,
north to southern Japan, south to off northwestern Australia
and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone
species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation
action.
Caesio teres Seale, 1906 – Beautiful fusilier, yellowtail fusilier;
Caesio à dos jaune et bleu
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Chabanet (1994: 238).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Seychelles. Marine species.
Found in schools in lagoons and deep channels of coral and
rocky reefs, at depths of 5–50 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Kiribati/Line Islands, Samoa and Tonga, north to
Ogasawara Islands, south to off northwestern Australia and
New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Caesio xanthonota Bleeker, 1853 – Yellowback fusilier; Caesio à
dos jaune
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1998:
282).
Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species.
Found in schools in deep lagoons and seaward coral and
rocky reefs, at depths of 0–50 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Indonesia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Gymnocaesio gymnoptera (Bleeker, 1856) – Slender fusilier;
Fusilier élégant
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 93) as G. gymnopterus.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species.
Found in schools along seaward coral reefs, at depths of
0–150 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to
eastern Indonesia, Philippines and Fiji, south to Loyalty Islands.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Ptercaesio marri Schultz in Schultz, Herald, Lachner, Welander
& Woods, 1953 – Marr’s fusilier; Fusilier de Marr
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1998:
282).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Seychelles. Marine species.
Found in schools around coral and rocky reefs, at depths of
0–50 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Marshall and
Marquesas islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara
64
Neue Serie 2
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
Islands, south to southern Indonesia, New Guinea and Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Ptercaesio tile (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830) – Blue
streak fusilier, dark-banded fusilier; Fusilier à ligne olive
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Carpenter (1984: 2 unnumbered pp.).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in schools around
coral and rocky reefs, at depths of 0–60 m, juveniles in lagoons and on reef flats. Outside the area, East Africa east to
Kiribati/Line Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to southern
Japan, south to off northwestern Australia, Queensland/Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
G e r r e i d a e – Pursemouths
Gerres filamentosus Cuvier [ex Russell], 1829 – Threadfin
pursemouth, filamentous mojarra; Blanche fil
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Woodland (1984a:
2 unnumbered pp.); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 284),
based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Freshwater,
transitional water and marine. Adults on shallow soft bottoms adjacent to coral reefs, also entering lower reaches of
rivers and streams, juveniles in estuaries. Outside the area,
Red Sea and East Africa east to Fiji, north to southern Japan,
south to Western Australia, Queensland/Australia and New
Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
FIB, HAB, EUT, CON. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Gerres longirostris (Lacepède, 1801) – Longtail silver-biddy;
Blanche gouvernail
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on MHNRUN and
MNHN material listed by Fricke (1999: 283–284) under the
name G. acinaces; listed as G. acinaces by Woodland
(1984a: 2 unnumbered pp.).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Aldabra. Freshwater, transitional water and marine. Juveniles
often in estuaries or lagoons influenced by freshwater;
adults prefer shallow water over sandy bottoms, down to
50 m depth, from coral reefs to brackish water. Outside the
area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Palau/Belau and
Marquesas Islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to
Queensland/Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
FIB, HAB, EUT, CON. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Gerres oeyena (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Common silverbiddy, common mojarra; Blanche commune
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C25)
as G. oyena and G. argyreus; record confirmed by Fricke
(1999: 284) as G. argyreus, based on MNHN material. Spelling of species name according to Fricke (2008: 35–36).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar. Freshwater, transitional water and marine. Found on inshore soft
bottoms adjacent to coral reefs, in estuaries and lower reaches of rivers and streams. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and
South Africa to Marshall Islands and Samoa, north to
Ryukyu Islands, south to Western Australia, New South
Wales/Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
FIB, HAB, EUT, CON. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
L o b o t i d a e – Tripletails
Lobotes surinamensis (Bloch, 1790) – Atlantic tripletail
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur et al.
(2004: 204).
Distribution. Réunion. Freshwater, transitional water and marine. Adults found in bays, muddy estuaries and lower
reaches of large rivers; offshore often floating near the surface in the company of floating objects, occasionally drifting over reefs; juveniles may occur in floating Sargassum
and mimic a floating leaf. Outside the area, Mediterranean
Sea, tropical and warm temperate waters of Atlantic Ocean,
southwestern Indian Ocean, southern Japan, New Caledonia
to Tuvalu.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
EUT, CON. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action.
H a e m u l i d a e – Rubberlips, sweetlips, grunts
Diagramma picta (Thunberg, 1792) – Sailfin rubberlip; Diagramme voilier
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as D. pictum by Le
tourneur (1998: 282). The gender of the genus name is
feminine, as based on γραμμή (line), not γραμμα (letter),
therefore the species name must be ‘picta’.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles.
Transitional water and marine. Found on open muddy or
silty substrates in protected bays or estuaries, or in shallow
coastal areas and coral or rocky reefs, juveniles are found
among seagrass. Outside the area, East and South Africa
east to Philippines and Fiji, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to southern Indonesia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Plectorhinchus gaterinus (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Blackspotted sweetlips; Gueule pavée (Réunion), diagramme
moucheté (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C25)
as Diagramma gaterina; subsequently listed as D. lineatus
by Fourmanoir & Guézé (1962b: 12).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar. Transitional water and marine. Found on coastal coral reefs, sand
bottoms and near estuaries. Outside the area, Red Sea and
East Africa, Gulf of Oman south to 30°S.
Conservation. Extinct in Réunion (RE), according to Le
tourneur et al. (2004: 212). Threats: FIT, HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. High priority for
conservation action.
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
Plectorhinchus gibbosus (Lacepède, 1802) – Harry hotlips; Diagramme noire
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 287–
288), based on MNHN material; previously listed as Pseudopristipoma nigrus (non Cuvier [ex Mertens] in Cuvier &
Valenciennes, 1830) by Blanc & Postel (1958: 369).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles.
Freshwater, transitional water and marine. Found on coastal
coral reefs, sand bottoms and near estuaries, entering lower
reaches of rivers and streams, at depths of 0–20 m. Outside
the area, East and South Africa east to Caroline and Society
islands, north to Taiwan, south to Exmouth Gulf/Western
Australia and Norfolk Island.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Plectorhinchus picus (Cuvier in Guérin-Méneville, 1828) –
Painted sweetlips; Perche peinte
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur et al.
(2004: 204).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in lagoon and seaward coral reefs, adults
usually under coral heads or in caves, juveniles in shallow
lagoons; at depths of 3–50 m. Outside the area, east to Society Islands, north to southern Japan, south to Lord Howe Island and Rapa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone
species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation
action.
Plectorhinchus sordidus (Klunzinger, 1870) – Black sweetlips,
redlip rubberlips; Diagramme à lèvres rouges
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Chabanet (1994: 238).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found above rocks and corals, and in seagrass
areas, at depths of 1–25 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and
East Africa to Transkei/South Africa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Plectorhinchus vittatus (Linnaeus, 1758) – Oriental sweetlips;
Cabot rayé (Réunion), diagramme oriental (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 289–
290); previously listed by McK ay (1984: 2 unnumbered pp.)
as P. orientalis.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found above coral reefs or inshore
rocky coral reefs, juveniles in the lagoon. Outside the area,
East Africa east to Guam and Society Islands, south to New
Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Pomadasys furcatum (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) – Banded grunt;
Coin-coin (Réunion), goret à six bandes (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 290),
based on MHNRUN and MNHN material; previously described as Pristipoma anas by Valenciennes (1862: 8).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar. Marine species. Found inshore, on sandy bottoms near rocks.
Outside the area, South and East Africa.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, EUT.
Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant
65
decline. High priority for conservation action. Proposed for
Annexes II and V of the EU Habitats Directive.
S p a r i d a e – Seabreams, porgies
Acanthopagrus bifasciatus (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Twobar seabream; Pagre double bande
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by R andall (1995: 223).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar.
Transitional and marine water. Found in coastal waters,
mainly around coral reefs; entering estuaries. Outside the
area, Red Sea, Persian/Arabian Gulf and East Africa south
to Natal/South Africa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone
species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation
action.
Argyrops filamentosus (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830)
– Soldier bream; Aigrette (Réunion), spare soldat (France)
Taxonomy. Original description from Réunion as Pagrus filamentosus by Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes (1830b: 158–
159).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species.
Found on sand bottoms adjacent to coral reefs, at depths of
1–40 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Argyrops spinifer (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – King soldierbream; Spare royal
Taxonomy. Record from Réunion by Bauchot & Smith (1984:
2 unnumbered pp); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 292),
based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species.
Found over soft bottom, rocks and coral reefs, at depths of
1–150 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to
Indonesia, north to South China Sea, south to northern Australia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Cheimerius nufar (Valenciennes [ex Ehenberg] in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830) – Santer seabream; Denté nufar
Taxonomy. Record from Réunion by Bauchot & Smith (1984:
2 unnumbered pp.).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Transitional water and marine. Found over rock bottom at depths of 1–100 m;
juveniles in estuaries. Outside the area, Red Sea and East
Africa south to Cape Province/South Africa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Rhabdosargus sarba (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Natal stumpnose, gold-lined seabream; Gueule pavée (Réunion), sargue
doré (France)
Taxonomy. Record from Réunion by Bleeker (1874: 92) as Spa
rus sarba; record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 294), based on
MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles. Transitional water and marine. Found over various
substrates, at depths of 0–60 m, often entering estuaries.
Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to
66
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
Philippines, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, EUT.
Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant
decline. High priority for conservation action.
Rhabdosargus thorpei Smith, 1979 – Bigeye stumpnose
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on a specimen
photographed by A. Diringer on the west coast of La
Réunion.
Distribution. Réunion, Europa Island, Madagascar. Transitional
water and marine. Found on coastal reefs, including estuaries. Outside the area, East and South Africa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
L e t h r i n i d a e – Emperors
Gnathodentex aureolineatus (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1802)
– Yellowspot emperor, glowfish; Petit clair (Réunion), empereur strié (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Blanc & Postel (1958:
369); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 295–296), based on
MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Soudan Bank, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in
lagoons, on reef flats and in seaward coral and rocky reefs,
at depths of 1–30 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to
Marshall Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan, south to Point Quobba/Western Australia, eastern Australia, Norfolk Island, Tonga and Rapa.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Gymnocranius grandoculis (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830) – Blue-lined large-eye seabream; Capitaine
(Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Chabanet (1994: 239);
previously described from Réunion as Pentapus curtus by
Guichenot (1863: C5-C6, C25) and P. dux by Valenciennes
(1862: 1203); listed by Fourmanoir & Guézé (1962b: 11) as
Gymnocranius griseus and G. rivulatus, and by Letourneur
et al. (2004: 204) as G. griseus (non Temminck & Schlegel,
1843); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 296–297), based
on MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Seychelles. Marine species. Found above offshore coral reefs
and rock bottom, juveniles inshore in silty areas. Outside the
area, East Africa east to Marshall, Line and Marquesas islands, north to southern Japan, south to Coral Bay/Western
Australia, Queensland/Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Lethrinus borbonicus Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1830 – Snubnose emperor
Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by Valenciennes
in Cuvier & Valenciennes (1830b: 303–304); subsequently
listed by Bleeker (1874: 91) as L. mahsenoides (non Valenciennes [ex Ehrenberg] in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 297), based on MNHN
material.
Neue Serie 2
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found during the day on sandy
areas near coral reefs, at night on the reef flat. Outside the
area, Red Sea and Arabian Gulf.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone
species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation
action.
Lethrinus crocineus Smith, 1959 – Yellowtail emperor; Empereur à queue jaune
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fourmanoir & Guézé
(1963: 10).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in coastal waters
and coral reef areas. Outside the area, South and East Africa
east to Sri Lanka.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Lethrinus harak (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Blackspot emperor, thumbprint emperor; Empereur Saint-Pierre
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Blanc & Postel (1958:
369); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 298), based on
MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on various soft
substrates associated with coral reefs. Outside the area,
Red Sea and East Africa east to Marshall Islands, Samoa
and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to Timor Sea/
Western Australia, New South Wales/Australia and New
Caledonia.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Lethrinus mahsena (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Sky emperor,
mahsena emperor; Capitaine (Réunion), empereur mahsena
(France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Biais & Taquet (1992:
75).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found above coral reefs
and adjacent sand and seagrass areas. Outside the area, Red
Sea and East Africa east to Sri Lanka.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone
species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation
action.
Lethrinus microdon Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1830 – Smalltooth emperor; Gueule de vin (Réunion), empereur tidents (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bleeker (1874: 91) as
Gymnocranius microdon; subsequently listed as Lethrinus
conchyliatus (non Smith, 1959) by Biais & Taquet (1992:
75); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 299–300), based on
MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found above sandy areas
near coral reefs, at depths of 1–80 m. Outside the area, Red
Sea and East Africa east to New Guinea, north to southern
Japan, south to northwestern Australia.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
Lethrinus nebulosus (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Spangled
emperor; Capitaine blanc (Réunion), empereur moris
(France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fourmanoir & Guézé
(1963: 10); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 300), based on
MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in coral reefs, lagoons, seagrass beds and coastal
sand and rock areas, juveniles also in tidal pools; at depths of
0–75 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa
east to Samoa, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to New South Wales/Australia and Lord Howe
Island.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Lethrinus rubrioperculatus Sato 1978 – Spotcheek emperor,
redgill emperor; Béquine (Réunion), empereur honteux
(France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Biais & Taquet (1992:
75).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Soudan Bank, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found above sand and rubble areas
on outer coral reef slopes, at depths of 10–198 m. Outside the
area, East Africa east to Wake, Marshall and Marquesas islands, north to southern Japan, south to Exmouth Gulf/
Western Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Lethrinus variegatus Valenciennes [ex Ehrenberg] in Cuvier &
Valenciennes, 1830 – Variegated emperor; Kaya, baxou
(Réunion), empereur bas cou (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Blanc & Postel (1958:
369).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in sand and seagrass areas near coral reefs, at depths of 0–40 m. Outside the
area, Malaysia and Indonesia east to Palau/Belau and Tonga,
north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Exmouth Gulf/Western
Australia and Queensland/Australia.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Lethrinus xanthochilus Klunzinger, 1870 – Yellowlip emperor;
Empereur bec de cane
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fourmanoir & Guézé
(1963: 10) as L. xanthocheilus.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in sand and seagrass areas near coral reefs, at depths of 0–150 m. Outside the
area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Marshall, Marquesas
and Gambier islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Rowley Shoals/Western Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Monotaxis grandoculis (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Bigeye
emperor, bigeye barenose; Gueule pavée (Réunion), empe
reur bossu (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 93).
67
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on sand
and rubble areas near coral and rocky reefs, at depths of
1–60 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to
Hawaiian and Line islands and Pitcairn Group, north to
southern Japan, south to Exmouth Gulf/Western Australia
and Queensland/Australia, New Caledonia, Tonga, Austral
and Gambier islands.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
N e m i p t e r i d a e – Butterfly breams, spinecheeks
Scolopsis frenatus (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830) –
Bridled spinecheek; Mamile de Seychelles
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 303–
304), based on MHNRUN material; previously listed as
Scolopsides phoeops by Sauvage (1891: 176–177).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found on sand
bottoms adjacent to coral reefs, at depths of 1–20 m. Outside
the area, East Africa east to Chagos Archipelago.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
S c i a e n i d a e – Drums and croakers
Sciaenops ocellatus (Linné, 1766) – Red drum; Tambour rouge
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur et al.
(2004: 204).
Distribution. Réunion. Transitional water and marine. Found
over sand and sandy mud bottoms in coastal waters and estuaries, at depths of 0–20 m. Introduced for aquaculture,
escaped into natural environment (Letourneur et al. 2004:
204); not native of Réunion. Outside the area, originally
western Atlantic, from Massachusetts/USA to northern
Mexico.
Conservation. Not evaluated in Réunion (NE). Not native of
Réunion. No conservation action in favour of this species
advisable.
Umbrina canariensis Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1843 – Canary drum; Ombrine bronze
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 304),
based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found on sand or mud
bottoms on the insular shelf or upper slope. Outside the area,
eastern Atlantic from Morocco south to Cape of Good Hope/
South Africa, western Indian Ocean from South Africa to
Pakistan.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
EUT. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action.
P o l y n e m i d a e – Threadfins
Leptomelanosoma indicum (Shaw, 1804) – Indian threadfin;
Barbure indien
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Menon & Babu R ao
(1984: 2 unnumbered pp.).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Freshwater,
transitional water and marine. Found on inshore mud and
68
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
sand bottoms including tidal pools, estuaries and lower
reaches of rivers and streams. Outside the area, Pakistan east
to New Guinea, possibly also East Africa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low
priority for conservation action.
Polydactylus plebeius (Broussonet, 1782) – Striped threadfin;
Barbé, barbue (Réunion), barbure rayé (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C24)
as Polynemus plebeius; record confirmed by Fricke (1999:
305–306), based on MHNRUN, MNHN and SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar. Transitional water and marine. Found on mud bottoms from estuaries down to 122 m depth. Outside the area,
South and East Africa east to Philippines, Society and Marquesas islands, north to southern Japan, south to Western
Australia, Port Stephens/New South Wales and Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low
priority for conservation action.
M u l l i d a e – Goatfishes
Mulloidichthys auriflamma (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Indian
Ocean yellowfin goatfish, Indian Ocean flame goatfish; Capucin queue jaune
Taxonomy. Taxonomic decision of the present paper (due to
fewer gill rakers than Pacific Mulloidichthys vanicolensis,
and different juvenile colour pattern), and new record from
Réunion, based on MNHN, SMNS and USNM material
listed by Fricke (1999: 309) as Mulloidichthys vanicolensis;
previously listed as Mulloides vanicolensis (non Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1831) by Kumaran & R an
dall (1984: 2 unnumbered pp.).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores. Marine species.
Found over reef flats and sand adjacent to coral or rocky
reefs, at depths of 0–110 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East
Africa east to western Indonesia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Mulloidichthys flavolineatus (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801)
– Yellowstripe goatfish; Capucin (Réunion), capuciva à
bande jaune (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Cuvier in Cuvier &
Valenciennes (1829a: 456–459) as Upeneus flavolineatus;
subsequently listed as Mulloidichthys auriflamma (non
Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) by Blanc & Postel (1958: 369,
373); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 307–309), based
on LEMUR, MHNRUN, MNHN, SMNS and USNM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Europa Island,
Madagascar, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found over
sand adjacent to coral or rocky reefs, at depths of 1–35 m.
Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to
Hawaiian and Line islands and Pitcairn Group, north to
southern Japan, south to Joseph Bonaparte Gulf/Western
Australia, New South Wales/Australia at 36°S, Lord Howe
Island and Rapa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Neue Serie 2
Mulloidichthys pfluegeri (Steindachner, 1900) – Orange goatfish; Capuciva orange
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Myers (1989: 148) as
Mulloides pfluegeri; record confirmed by Fricke (1999:
309), based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Rodrigues. Marine species. Found over
sand and limestone adjacent to coral reefs, at depths of 30–
110 m. Outside the area, eastern Indonesia east to Hawaiian
and Marquesas islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to
Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Parupeneus barberinus (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801) –
Dash-and-dot goatfish; Capucin sergent (Réunion), rougetbarbet barberin (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 94) as Parupaeneus barberinus; record confirmed by
Fricke (1999: 310–311), based on LEMUR, MNHN and
SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found
over sand and rubble adjacent to coral or rocky reefs, at
depths of 1–100 m. Outside the area, South and East Africa
east to Line, Marquesas and Gambier islands, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New South Wales/
Australia, Lord Howe Island and Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Parupeneus ciliatus (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1802) – Whitesaddle goatfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 313),
based on MNHN and SMNS material; previously listed as
Upeneus chryseredros by Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes
(1829a: 470–472, part), and as U. cyprinoides by Guichenot
(1863: C24).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found
in seagrass beds, lagoons, and seaward coral reefs, at depths
of 1–91 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Marshall Islands and Pitcairn, north to southern Japan, south to Joseph
Bonaparte Gulf/Western Australia, New South Wales/Australia, Lord Howe Island, Tonga and Rapa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Parupeneus cyclostomus (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801) –
Yellowsaddle goatfish; Capucin malbar (Réunion), rougetbarbet doré (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Kumaran & R andall
(1984: 2 unnumbered pp.); previously listed as P. chryseredros by Bleeker (1874: 80); record of P. cyclostomus confirmed by Fricke (1999: 313–314), based on LEMUR,
MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found
on coral, rocky, or rubble bottoms of reef flats, lagoons, and
seaward reefs, at depths of 1–100 m. Outside the area, Red
Sea, East and South Africa east to Hawaiian and Line islands
and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan, south to Point
Quobba/Western Australia, New South Wales/Australia and
Rapa.
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
*Parupeneus diagonalis Randall, 2004 – Diagonal goatfish;
Rouget-barbet diagonal
Taxonomy. Original description from Réunion by R andall
(2004: 25, fig. 5, pl. IV B).
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found on soft bottoms
close to coral reefs. Endemic to Réunion.
Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: FIB,
HAB, EUT. Global importance. Rare. Sensitive to human
activities. Decline unknown. High priority for conservation
action.
Parupeneus heptacanthus (Lacepède, 1802) – Redspot goatfish,
cinnabar goatfish; Rouget-barbet cinnabare
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 315);
previously listed as P. cinnabarinus by Kumaran & R an
dall (1984: 2 unnumbered pp.).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar. Marine species. Found over muddy, sandy, rubble, or seagrass
bottoms of lagoon and seaward coral reefs, at depths of 12–
100 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to
Marshall Islands, Samoa and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia and Lord Howe Island.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Parupeneus indicus (Shaw [ex Russell], 1803) – Indian goatfish;
Rouget-barbet indien
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bleeker (1874: 80);
record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 315), based on MNHN
material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on sandy or silty areas of coastal and
inner lagoon coral or rocky reefs, at depths of 0–20 m. Outside the area, South and East Africa east to Marshall and
Austral islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Joseph Bonaparte Gulf/Western Australia,
Queensland/Australia and Tonga.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Parupeneus macronemus (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801) –
Longbarbel goatfish, band-dot goatfish; Rouget-barbet bandeau
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bleeker (1874: 80) as
P. macronema; previously listed as Upeneus lateristriga by
Guichenot (1863: C24); record confirmed by Fricke (1999:
315–317), based on LEMUR and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on sand
bottoms adjacent to coral or rocky reefs, at depths of 0–25 m.
Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to
Philippines and New Guinea.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Parupeneus pleurostigma (Bennett, 1831) – Blackspot goatfish,
sidespot goatfish; Rouget-barbet pastille
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Kumaran & R andall
(1984: 2 unnumbered pp.); record confirmed by Fricke
(1999: 317), based on BPBM and MNHN material.
69
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Soudan Bank, Rodrigues,
Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on various
substrates associated with coral or rocky reefs, at depths of
1–46 m. Outside the area, East Africa, Andaman Sea east to
Hawaiian and Line islands and Pitcairn Group, north to
southern Japan, south to Point Quobba/Western Australia,
New South Wales/Australia, Lord Howe Island, Tonga and
Rapa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
*Parupeneus posteli Fourmanoir & Guézé, 1967 – Postel’s goatfish; Rouget-barbet de Postel
Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by Fourmanoir
& Guézé (1967: 47–49).
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found on soft bottoms
close to reefs, at depths of 150–250 m. Endemic to Réunion.
Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: FIB,
EUT. Global importance. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Decline unknown. High priority for
conservation action.
Parupeneus rubescens (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801) –
Blacksaddle goatfish, rosy goatfish; Rouget-barbet sellé
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Maugé & Guézé (1984:
498–502) as Mullus rubescens; record confirmed by Fricke
(1999: 318), based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on sand bottoms
near coral or rocky reefs, at depths of 1–100 m. Outside the
area, Red Sea, East Africa and Mossel Bay/South Africa east
to Philippines, north to southern Japan, south to northern
Australia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Parupeneus trifasciatus (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801) –
Two-barred goatfish; Capucin (Réunion), rouget-barbet
double-tache (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Maugé & Guézé (1984:
491) as Mullus trifasciatus; previously listed by Cuvier in
Cuvier & Valenciennes (1829a: 468–470) as M. bifasciatus;
record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 311–312) as Parupeneus
bifasciatus, but with discussion that P. trifasciatus would be
the valid name due to selection by Günther (1859: 407–408)
who acted as the first reviser; based on LEMUR, MHNRUN,
MNHN and SMNS material. Taxonomic decision based here
on prevailing usage.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Juveniles are found on the reef flat, adults around steep slopes of
coral or rocky reefs at depths of 1–80 m. Outside the area,
South and East Africa east to western Indonesia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
*Upeneus mascareinsis Fourmanoir & Guézé, 1967 – Mascarene
goatfish; Rouget-barbet des Mascareines
Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by Fourmanoir
& Guézé (1967: 50–51). Also MHNRUN material (Durville
et al. submitted).
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found on sand bottoms.
Endemic to Réunion.
Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: FIB,
70
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
HAB, EUT. Global importance. Rare. Sensitive to human
activities. Probable decline. High priority for conservation
action.
Upeneus sulphureus Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1829 –
Sunrise goatfish; Rouget souris aurore
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Sauvage (1891: 217–
218) as Upeneoides sulphureus.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles.
Transitional water and marine. Found on inshore soft bottoms at depths of 0–90 m, enters estuaries. Outside the area,
southern Red Sea and East Africa east to Philippines and
Fiji, north to southern Japan, south to Joseph Bonaparte
Gulf/Western Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Upeneus vittatus (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Yellow-banded
goatfish, striped goatfish; Rouget souris orangé
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C24);
subsequently listed as U. tragula (non Richardson, 1846) by
Letourneur (1992: 53); record of U. vittatus confirmed by
Fricke (1999: 319–320), based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles. Freshwater, transitional water and marine. Found on
inshore soft bottoms at depths of 0–90 m, enters estuaries.
Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to
Marshall, Line and Marquesas islands, north to southern
Japan, south to Shark Bay/Western Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
P e m p h e r i d a e – Sweepers
Parapriacanthus ransonneti Steindachner, 1870 – Slender
sweeper, pygmy sweeper
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 320).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in large schools under overhanging corals and in caves of the coral reef, at depths of 0.5–72 m.
Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to
Marshall Islands and Fiji, north to southern Japan, south to
Western Australia and Lord Howe Island.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Pempheris adusta Bleeker, 1877 – Dusky sweeper
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1992:
84).
Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar. Marine species. Found in
large schools under overhanging corals and in caves of coral
or rocky reefs, at depths of 1–20 m. Outside the area,
Transkei/South Africa and East Africa east to New Guinea.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Pempheris mangula Cuvier [ex Russell], 1829 – Black-edged
sweeper
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1992: 54,
84).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Sey-
Neue Serie 2
chelles. Marine species. Found in large schools under overhanging corals and in caves of the coral reef, at depths of
1–20 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to
Samoa, south to New South Wales/Australia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Pempheris nesogallica Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1831
– Mauritius sweeper
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on a specimen collected during a visual census, on the outer and inner coral
reef, in 2004 (P. Durville, E. Tessier, T. Mulochau). Reported by authors as Pempheris vanicolensis (non Cuvier in
Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1831). Taxonomic decision of Heem
stra & H eemstra (2004: 327).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found in coral reefs, at depths of 0–10 m. Endemic to the western Mascarenes.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, FIB,
EUT. Regional importance. Sensitive to human activities.
Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Pempheris oualensis Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1831 –
Bronze sweeper
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 94); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 321), based on
SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in large
schools under overhanging corals and in caves of lagoon and
seaward coral reefs, at depths of 1–36 m. Outside the area,
Red Sea, East and South Africa to Line and Marquesas islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Rottnest Island/
Western Australia, Lord Howe Island and Rapa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Pempheris schwenkii Bleeker, 1855 – Blackstripe sweeper
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on a specimen collected during a visual census, on the outer and inner coral
reef, in 2004 (P. Durville, E. Tessier, T. Mulochau).
Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar, Cargados Carajos. Fresh
water, transitional water and marine. Found in coral and
rocky reefs, hiding in caves during the day; also entering
estuaries and freshwater streams; at depths of 0–40 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Tonga, north to
Penghu Islands.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
FIB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Low priority for conservation action.
K y p h o s i d a e – Sea chubs
Kyphosus bigibbus Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801 – Grey
chub, brown chub
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 322–
323), based on MHNRUN material; previously listed as
Pimelepterus fuscus by Bleeker (1874: 94).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in shallow water
around exposed seaward coral reefs. Outside the area, Red
Sea, East Africa and Cape of Good Hope/South Africa east
to western Indonesia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone
species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation
action.
Kyphosus cinerascens (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Blue seachub, lowfin rudderfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 92); previously described as Pimelepterus altipinnis
by Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes (1831: 270–273), and
by Guichenot (1863: C7–C8) as P. altipinnoides; record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 323–324), based on MNHN material. Taxonomic decision of and neotype designation for
Sciaena cinerascens Forsskål by Sakai & Nakabo (2006:
338–348); see also Fricke (2008: 44).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra. Marine species. Found over hard bottoms
covered with algae, on exposed reef flats and seaward coral
reefs, at depths of 0–24 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and
East Africa east to Hawaiian, Line and Easter islands, north
to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Lord Howe
and Austral islands.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone
species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation
action.
Kyphosus vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) – Brassy chub
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 94); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 324), based on
MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar. Marine species. Found over
hard bottoms covered with algae, on exposed reef flats and
seaward coral and rocky reefs, at depths of 0–24 m. Outside
the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa to Hawaiian, Line
and Marquesas islands, north to central Japan, south to
Western Australia, New South Wales/Australia, northern
New Zealand, Tonga and Rapa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
D r e p a n i d a e – Sicklefishes
Drepane punctata (Linnaeus, 1758) – Spotted sicklefish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Maugé (1984b: 2 unnumbered pp.); record confirmed by Letourneur et al.
(2004: 212).
Distribution. Réunion. Transitional water and marine. Found in
various inshore habitats: sand or mud bottoms, reefs, estuaries and harbours, at depths of 1–49 m. Outside the area, east
to Philippines, north to southern Japan.
Conservation. Extinct in Réunion (RE), according to Le
tourneur et al. (2004: 212). Threats: FIT, FIB. Sensitive to
human activities. High priority for conservation action.
M o n o d a c t y l i d a e – Moonies
Monodactylus argenteus (Linnaeus, 1758) – Silver moony,
mono, Natal moony; Poisson lune argenté
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bleeker (1874: 94);
previously listed as Psettus rhombeus by Guichenot (1863:
C26); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 324–325), based on
MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Freshwater, transitional water and ma-
71
rine. Found in bays, estuaries, tidal creeks, and lower reaches of freshwater streams, occasionally in silty coastal reefs.
Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to
Caroline and Mariana islands and Samoa, north to Ryukyu
Islands, south to Port Hedland/Western Australia, Australian Capital Territory at Jervis Bay/Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Least concern in Réunion (LC). Threats: FIB,
CON. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Stable populations. Medium priority for conservation action.
Monodactylus falciformis Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801 –
Cape moony, full moony; Lune pleine
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Playfair & Günther
(1867: IX); previously listed as Psettus Commersonii by
Guichenot (1863: C26).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles.
Freshwater, transitional water and marine. Found in bays,
estuaries, tidal creeks, and lower reaches of freshwater
streams, occasionally in silty coastal reefs. Outside the area,
Red Sea and East Africa south to Cape Province/South Africa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
CON. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
C h a e t o d o n t i d a e – Butterflyfishes
Chaetodon auriga Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775 – Threadfin butterflyfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bleeker (1874: 95) as
Tetragonoptrus auriga; record confirmed by Fricke (1999:
326–327), based on LEMUR, MHNRUN, MNHN and
SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in live and dead
coral reef and lagoon habitats, also on rocky reefs, at depths
of 0–35 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa
east to Hawaiian and northern Line islands and Pitcairn
Group, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia,
New South Wales/Australia, Lord Howe and Kermadec islands, and Rapa.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIB, EUT.
Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low priority for conservation action.
Chaetodon blackburnii Desjardins in Liénard, 1836 – Blackburn’s butterflyfish, brownburnie
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 94) as C. blackburni; record confirmed by Fricke
(1999: 327–328), based on BPBM and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar. Marine species. Found on outer coral reef slopes with moderate
coral growth, also on rocky reefs, at depths of 5–30 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa (Kenya to 33°S).
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low
priority for conservation action.
Chaetodon dolosus Ahl, 1923 – African butterflyfish, blackedged butterflyfish; Chétodon à demi-deuil
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1998:
282); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 328), based on
MNHN material. Also MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on deep offshore reefs over rocks and
72
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
coral rubble, at depths of 40–200 m. Outside the area, East
Africa from Somalia south to Natal/South Africa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Chaetodon guttatissimus Bennett, 1833 – Peppered butterflyfish, spotted butterflyfish, gorgeous gussy; Chétodon
moucheté
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 94); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 329–330),
based on BPBM and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found
between live Acropora corals in lagoon and seaward reefs, at
depths of 1–25 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East Africa and
Durban/South Africa east to Christmas Island (eastern Indian Ocean), Sri Lanka and Andaman Sea coast of Thailand.
Conservation. Critically endangered in Réunion (CR). Threats:
PRL, HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Severe
decline. High priority for conservation action. Proposed for
Annexes II and IV of the EU Habitats Directive.
Chaetodon interruptus Ahl, 1923 – Teardrop butterflyfish,
limespot butterflyfish; Chétodon à tache de citron
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 337–
338), based on BPBM and MNHN material; previously listed
as C. unimaculatus (non Bloch, 1787) by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 95).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found from coral reef
flats down to deep slopes. Outside the area, South and East
Africa east to western Indonesia.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low
priority for conservation action.
Chaetodon kleinii Bloch, 1790 – Klein’s butterflyfish, whitespotted butterflyfish; Papillon (Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bleeker (1874: 95) as
Tetragonoptrus Kleini; record confirmed by Fricke (1999:
330–331), based on LEMUR and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in lagoon and
seaward coral and rocky reefs, at depths of 2–61 m. Outside
the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Hawaiian,
Line and Marquesas islands, north to southern Japan, south
to Kimberleys/Western Australia, Lord Howe Island and
Tonga.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low
priority for conservation action.
Chaetodon lineolatus Cuvier [ex Quoy & Gaimard] in Cuvier &
Valenciennes, 1831 – Lined butterflyfish; Chétodon linéolé
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1992,
unpag. 4); record confirmed by Letourneur et al. (2004:
204).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in lagoon
and seaward coral reefs, at depths of 0–5 m. Outside the area,
Red Sea and East Africa east to Hawaiian, Line and Marquesas islands, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Lord Howe and Gambier islands.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
Neue Serie 2
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Chaetodon lunula (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1802) – Racoon
butterflyfish, halfmoon butterflyfish; Chétodon à croissant
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C25,
C26) as C. lunula, C. biocellatus and C. maculatus; subsequently listed as Tetragonoptrus fasciatus (non Forsskål in
Niebuhr, 1775) by Bleeker (1874: 95); record confirmed by
Fricke (1999: 332–333), based on LEMUR, MHNRUN,
MNHN, SMNS and USNM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found
on reef flats in lagoon and seaward coral and rocky reefs,
including tidal pools, at depths of 0–30 m. Outside the area,
East Africa east to Hawaiian and Line islands and Pitcairn
Group, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia,
New South Wales/Australia, Lord Howe Island and Rapa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Chaetodon madagaskariensis Ahl, 1923 – Pearly butterflyfish;
Chétodon de Madagascar
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1992,
unpag. 4); previously listed as C. chrysurus (non Bloch &
Schneider, 1801) by Harmelin-Vivien (1976: 94); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 333–334), based on LEMUR and
MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on outer seaward
coral and rocky reef habitats, at depths of 10–40 m. Outside
the area, South and East Africa east to Cocos-Keeling and
Christmas islands (eastern Indian Ocean), north to Sri Lanka.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low
priority for conservation action.
Chaetodon melannotus Bloch & Schneider, 1801 – Black-backed
butterflyfish; Chétodon à dos noir
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 95) as C. melanotus; record confirmed by Fricke
(1999: 334), based on LEMUR and SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in coralrich areas of reef flats, lagoon and seaward reefs, at depths of
0–20 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to
Marshall Islands and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south
to Kimberleys/Western Australia and New South Wales/
Australia.
Conservation. Critically endangered in Réunion (CR). Threats:
HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Severe decline. High priority for conservation action. Proposed for
Annexes II and IV of the EU Habitats Directive.
Chaetodon meyeri Schneider [ex Renard] in Bloch & Schneider,
1801 – Meyer’s butterflyfish, scrawled butterflyfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 95).
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found in coral-rich areas
of lagoon and seaward reefs, at depths of 2–25 m. Outside
the area, East Africa east to Caroline, Line and Phoenix islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Queensland/Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga.
Conservation. Critically endangered in Réunion (CR). Threats:
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
PRL, HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Severe
decline. High priority for conservation action.
Chaetodon mitratus Günther, 1860 – Indian butterflyfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Allen (1979: 206–
207); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 335), based on
MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Amirantes, Cosmoledo. Marine species. Found on steep outer reef drop-offs in rubble
areas or among groups of black corals and sea fans, at depths
of 30–70 m. Outside the area, Chagos, Maldives, CocosKeeling and Christmas islands (eastern Indian Ocean).
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Chaetodon trifascialis Quoy & Gaimard, 1825 – Chevroned butterflyfish, rightangle butterflyfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 95); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 336), based on
LEMUR and SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found
in shallow lagoon and semi-protected seaward coral reefs, at
depths of 0–30 m; associated with Acropora corals. Outside
the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to northern
Line and Tuamotu islands, north to southern Japan, south to
Exmouth Gulf/Western Australia, New South Wales/Australia, Lord Howe Island and Rapa.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: PRL,
HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant
decline. High priority for conservation action. Proposed for
Annexes II and IV of the EU Habitats Directive.
Chaetodon trifasciatus Park, 1797 – Redfin butterflyfish, purple
butterflyfish, melon butterflyfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 95); previously listed as Tetragonoptrus vittatus by
Bleeker (1874: 95); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 336–
337), based on LEMUR and SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in coralrich lagoons and semi-protected seaward coral reefs, at
depths of 0–20 m. Outside the area, South and East Africa
east to Sumatera and Java (Indonesia). The species is replaced in the western Pacific by Chaetodon lunulatus Quoy
& Gaimard, 1825.
Conservation. Critically endangered in Réunion (CR). Threats:
PRL, HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Severe
decline. High priority for conservation action.
Chaetodon vagabundus Linnaeus, 1758 – Vagabond butterflyfish; Chétodon à vagabond
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C25)
as C. vagabundus and C. mesogallicus; record confirmed by
Fricke (1999: 338–339), based on LEMUR, MNHN and
SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Transitional water and marine. Found on
coral and rocky reefs, including areas with freshwater runoff, at depths of 0–30 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East
Africa east to Marshall, northern Line and Tuamotu islands,
north to southern Japan, south to Kimberleys/Western Australia, Lord Howe and Austral islands.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIB, EUT.
Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low priority for conservation action.
73
Chaetodon xanthocephalus Bennett, 1833 – Yellowhead butterflyfish; Chétodon à tête jaune
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 95); C. nigripinnatus Liénard [ex Desjardins], 1836
(Liénard 1836: 57, holotype: NHMI uncat., dry specimen) is
a junior synonym; record of C. xanthocephalus confirmed
by Fricke (1999: 340), based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found around isolated
coral heads, occasionally also on rocky reefs, at depths of
0–30 m. Outside the area, East Africa (Somalia to 30°S) east
to Chagos Archipelago and Sri Lanka.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low
priority for conservation action.
Chaetodon zanzibarensis Playfair in Playfair & Günther, 1867
– Zanzibar butterflyfish; Chétodon de Zanzibar
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 340),
based on an underwater observation in 1995.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found associated with Acropora or Goniopora thickets
in coral reefs, at depths of 0–40 m. Outside the area, East
Africa (Somalia to 30°S) east to Chagos Archipelago.
Conservation. Critically endangered in Réunion (CR). Threats:
PRL, HAB, EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities.
Severe decline. High priority for conservation action.
Forcipiger flavissimus Jordan & McGregor in Jordan & Evermann, 1898 – Long-nosed butterflyfish; Papillon longnez
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Chabanet (1994: 239);
record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 341), based on USNM
material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in lagoon and exposed seaward coral reefs, occasionally also on rocky reefs, at depths
of 1–80 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to
tropical eastern Pacific, north to southern Japan, south to
Western Australia, New South Wales/Australia, Lord Howe
and Kermadec islands, and Rapa.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low
priority for conservation action.
Forcipiger longirostris (Broussonet, 1782)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fourmanoir & Guézé
(1963: 14).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores. Marine species.
Found on seaward coral reefs, at depths of 3–70 m. Outside
the area, East Africa east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn
Group, north to Ogasawara Islands, south to Western Australia, Queensland/Australia, and Tonga.
Conservation. Critically endangered in Réunion (CR). Threats:
PRL, HAB, EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities.
Severe decline. High priority for conservation action.
Hemitaurichthys zoster (Bennett, 1831) – Black pyramid butterflyfish, brushtooth butterflyfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Chabanet (1994: 239);
record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 342), based on MNHN
material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in open water off coral or
rocky reef edges, at depths of 1–35 m. Outside the area,
East Africa east to Andaman Sea, north to India, south to
28°S.
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stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Heniochus acuminatus (Linnaeus, 1758) – Coachman, longfin
bannerfish; Pavillon (Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fourmanoir & Guézé
(1963: 14); previously listed as H. macrolepidotus by
Guichenot (1863: C26); record confirmed by Fricke (1999:
342–344), based on MHNRUN, MNHN and USNM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found
in deep, protected lagoons and channels, and outer coral or
rocky reef slopes, at depths of 2–178 m. Outside the area,
East Africa and Persian Gulf east to Wake and Tuamotu islands, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia,
and Lord Howe, Tongan and Austral islands.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Heniochus diphreutes Jordan, 1903 – Schooling bannerfish,
schooling coachman
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 344).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found along
outer coral or rocky reef slopes, in current channels, at
depths of 15–210 m; juveniles shallower, in aggregations
around isolated patch reefs, adults in large schools well
above the bottom. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South
Africa east to Hawaiian Islands, north to southern Japan and
Ogasawara Islands, south to New South Wales/Australia and
Kermadec Islands.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT.
Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Heniochus monoceros Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1831
– Masked bannerfish, masked coachman; Pavillon (Réunion),
hénioche cornu (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C26);
record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 344–345), based on
BPBM, MNHN and SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in lagoon and seaward coral or rocky reefs with rich coral growth, at depths of
0–30 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Marshall Islands and Henderson/Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Norfolk and Gambier islands.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low priority
for conservation action.
Prognathodes guezei (Maugé & Bauchot, 1976) – Guézé’s butterflyfish; Chétodon à demi-deuil
Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by Maugé &
Bauchot (1976: 89–100) as Chaetodon guezei. Also
MHNRUN material (Durville et al. submitted).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores. Marine species.
Found on deep reefs. Endemic to volcanic islands in the
southwestern Indian Ocean.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
EUT. Local importance. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline unknown. Medium priority for conservation action.
Neue Serie 2
P o m a c a n t h i d a e – Angelfishes
*Apolemichthys guezei (Randall & Maugé, 1978) – Réunion angelfish
Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by R andall &
Maugé (1978: 298–302) as Holacanthus guezei; record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 345), based on BPBM and MNHN
material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found in deeper coral
reef habitats, at depths of 60–80 m. Endemic to Réunion.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIB, EUT.
Global importance. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. Proposed for Annexes II and IV of the EU Habitats Directive.
Apolemichthys trimaculatus (Cuvier [ex Lacepède] in Cuvier &
Valenciennes, 1831) – Threespot angelfish, flagfin angelfish; Poisson-ange à trois taches
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C26)
as Holacanthus trimaculatus; record confirmed by Fricke
(1999: 345–346), based on MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Aldabra,
Amirantes, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species.
Found in lagoon and seaward coral or rocky reef habitats, at
depths of 2–40 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Marshall Islands, Samoa and Tonga, north to southern Japan,
south to Western Australia, Queensland/Australia, and New
Caledonia.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: PRL,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low priority for conservation action.
Apolemichthys xanthurus (Bennett, 1833) – Indian yellowtail
angelfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 346).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues. Marine species.
Found in coral-rich reef habitats, at depths of 3–20 m. Outside the area, India, Maldives and Sri Lanka.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Centropyge acanthops (Norman, 1922) – African pygmy angelfish, jumping bean, orangeback angelfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1992:
unpag. 4).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in coral rubble areas
adjacent to coral reefs, at depths of 6–40 m. Outside the area,
East and South Africa east to Maldives and Chagos Archipelago.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Centropyge bispinosa (Günther, 1860) – Coral beauty
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 94) as C. bispinnosus; record confirmed by Fricke
(1999: 347) as C. diacanthus [which was replaced as a secondary homonym of Chaetodon diacanthus Boddaert, 1782
by Günther (1860: 48, 516), and is invalid according to Art.
59.3 of the ICZN Code], based on BPBM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra. Marine species. Found on steep outer coral
or rocky reef slopes, at depths of 5–45 m. Outside the area,
East Africa east to Marshall and Tuamotu islands, north to
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
Izu Islands, south to Western Australia, Lord Howe Island,
and Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Centropyge debelius Pyle, 1990 – Blue Mauritius angelfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Debelius (1993: 166);
previously listed by R andall (1982: 205) as C. interruptus
(non Tanaka, 1918); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 346–
347), based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Aldabra. Marine species.
Found in seaward slopes of coral reefs, at depths of 46–90 m.
Endemic to islands in the southwestern Indian Ocean.
Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Local importance. Rare. Sensitive to human activities.
Decline unknown. High priority for conservation action.
Centropyge multispinis (Playfair in Playfair & Günther, 1867)
– Dusky angelfish, dusky cherub
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Chabanet (1994: 239);
record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 348), based on BPBM
material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Amirantes, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine
species. Found in coral-rich and coral rubble areas of lagoon
and seaward coral reefs, at depths of 0–25 m. Outside the
area, Natal/South Africa and East Africa east to Andaman
Sea.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Genicanthus caudovittatus (Günther, 1860) – Zebra angelfish,
swallowtail angelfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 348),
based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar. Marine species. Found in seaward coral reefs, at depths of 30–
200 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east
to Maldives.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Pomacanthus imperator (Bloch, 1787) – Emperor angelfish;
Poisson-ange impérial
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 95); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 349), based on
MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Amirantes, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine
species. Juveniles found in semi-protected channels and on
outer reef flats; adults under ledges and in caves of coralrich lagoon and seaward coral and rocky reefs; at depths of
1–100 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to
Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western Australia,
Lord Howe, Tongan and Austral islands.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low
priority for conservation action.
Pomacanthus semicirculatus (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1831) – Semicircle angelfish; Poisson-ange bleu
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 95).
75
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Juveniles found in tidal pools, semi-protected channels and on
outer reef flats; adults under ledges and in caves of coralrich lagoon and seaward reefs; at depths of 1–30 m. Outside
the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Samoa and Tonga,
north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New
South Wales/Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Extinct in Réunion (RE), according to Le
tourneur et al. (2004: 208). Threats: HAB, EUT. Sensitive
to human activities. High priority for conservation action.
Reintroduction into suitable habitats might be considered
under scientific guidance.
P e n t a c e r o t i d a e – Armourheads
Histiopterus typus Temminck & Schlegel, 1844 – Sailfin armourhead
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 351),
based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Comores. Marine species. Found on deep
rocky reefs, at depths of 40–400 m. Outside the area, Red
Sea, East and South Africa east to Philippines and New Britain/Papua New Guinea, north to southern Japan, south to
northern Australia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
EUT. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline unknown. Medium priority for conservation action.
Pentaceros capensis Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1829 –
Cape armourhead
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur et al.
(2004: 204), based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found on deep rocky
reefs, at depths of 70–300 m. Outside the area, southeastern
Atlantic and temperate southwestern Indian Ocean.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
EUT. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline unknown. Medium priority for conservation action.
C i r r h i t i d a e – Hawkfishes
Amblycirrhitus bimacula (Jenkins, 1903) – Twospot hawkfish
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on specimens
observed during a visual census, on the outer coral reef,
in 2004 (P. Durville, E. Tessier, T. Mulochau, P. Chaba
net).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Secretive in coral and rocky
reefs, at depths of 0–20 m. Outside the area, East and South
Africa east to Pitcairn Group, north to Taiwan.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Cirrhitichthys guichenoti (Sauvage, 1880) – Guichenot’s hawkfish; Niche-madame (Réunion)
Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by Sauvage
(1880: 221–222) as Cirrhites Guichenoti; previously listed as
Cirrhitichthys oxycephalus (non Bleeker, 1855) by Guichenot
(1863: C24); subsequently listed as Cirrhitichthys aprinus
(non Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1829) by Bleeker
(1874: 93).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar. Marine species. Found in lagoon and seaward coral reefs, asso-
76
Neue Serie 2
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
ciated with live corals, at depths of 20–260 m. Endemic to
islands in the southwestern Indian Ocean.
Conservation. Critically endangered in Réunion (CR). Threats:
HOS, HAB, EUT. Local importance. Rare. Very sensitive to
human activities. Severe decline. High priority for conservation action.
Cirrhitops fasciatus Bennett, 1828 – Redbar hawkfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1998:
282) as Cirrhitus fasciatus; previously listed as Cirrhites
cinctus by Blanc & Postel (1958: 369); record confirmed by
Fricke (1999: 352–353), based on BPBM and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species.
Found in seaward coral reefs in areas of moderate to
rich coral growth, at depths of 2–30 m. Outside the area,
southern Japan; Hawaiian Islands. Anti-equatorial and eastwest disjunct distribution according to R andall (1982: 424–
425).
Conservation. Critically endangered in Réunion (CR). Threats:
HOS, HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Severe
decline. High priority for conservation action.
Cirrhitus pinnulatus (Bloch & Schneider [ex Forster], 1801) –
Stocky hawkfish; Domingue (Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fourmanoir & Guézé
(1963: 11) as Cirrhitus pinnulatus; previously listed as
Cirrhites maculatus by Guichenot (1863: C24), and as
Cirrhites marmoratus by Bleeker (1874: 93); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 353–354), based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in rocky
and coral reefs exposed to moderate to strong surge, at
depths of 0–3 m. Outside the area, East Africa to Hawaiian
Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan, south to
Kermadec Islands and Rapa.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low
priority for conservation action.
Cristacirrhitus punctatus Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1829 – Black-spotted hawkfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bleeker (1866b) as
Cirrhites punctatus.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species.
Found on coral or rocky reefs in shallow waters. Outside the
area, South Africa to Mozambique.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Cyprinocirrhites polyactis (Bleeker, 1875) – Swallowtail hawkfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 97); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 354–355),
based on MNHN and SAIAB material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on steep slopes of coral or rocky reefs,
and around small coral heads exposed to currents, at depths
of 10–132 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Marquesas
Islands, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia,
northern New Zealand and Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HOS,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Oxycirrhites typus Bleeker, 1857 – Longnose hawkfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 355),
based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Seychelles. Marine species.
Found on steep outer coral reef slopes exposed to strong currents where it lives on large gorgonians and black corals, at
depths of 10–100 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and Seychelles east to Panama, north to southern Japan, south to
Western Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HOS,
HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable
decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Paracirrhites arcatus (Cuvier [ex Parkinson] in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1829) – Arc-eye hawkfish, horseshoe hawkfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bleeker (1874: 93);
record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 355–356), based on
MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Alda
bra. Marine species. Found in lagoon and seaward reefs, at
depths of 1–33 m, on heads of small branching corals including Stylophora, Pocillopora, Acropora. Outside the area,
East Africa east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn Group,
north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Norfolk
Island and Rapa.
Conservation. Critically endangered in Réunion (CR). Threats:
HOS, HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Severe
decline. High priority for conservation action.
Paracirrhites forsteri (Schneider in Bloch & Schneider, 1801) –
Freckled hawkfish, blackside hawkfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bleeker (1874: 93) as
P. Forsteri; previously recorded as Cirrhites pantherinus by
Guichenot (1863: C24); record confirmed by Fricke (1999:
356–357), based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found
in lagoon and seaward reefs at depths of 1–33 m, among
outer branches of Stylophora, Pocillopora or Acropora corals. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan,
south to Western Australia, New South Wales/Australia,
Lord Howe and Austral islands.
Conservation. Critically endangered in Réunion (CR). Threats:
HOS, HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Severe
decline. High priority for conservation action.
C i c h l i d a e – Cichlids
Amatitlania nigrofasciata (Günther, 1867) – Convict cichlid
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as Archocentrus nigrofasciatus by Valade (2008: 5).
Distribution. Réunion. Introduced. Freshwater. Outside the area,
originally Pacific slope of Central America. Introduced
worldwide into tropical freshwater habitats.
Conservation. Not evaluated in Réunion (NE). No conservation
scheme in favour of this species, as it is not native.
Oreochromis macrochir (Boulenger, 1912) – Longfin tilapia
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by K eith et al. (1999:
102). Discussion about hybridisation with three other introduced cichlid species see K eith et al. (1999: 102).
Distribution. Réunion. Introduced since between 1950 and 1956
(K eith et al. 1999: 102). Freshwater and transitional water.
Outside the area, originally western Africa in Kafue, upper
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
Zambezi, and Congo River systems. Widely introduced into
tropical freshwater habitats.
Conservation. Not evaluated in Réunion (NE). No conservation
scheme in favour of this species, as it is not native.
Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852) – Mozambique tilapia
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by K eith et al. (1999:
102). Discussion about hybridisation with three other introduced cichlid species see K eith et al. (1999: 102).
Distribution. Réunion. Introduced since between 1950 and 1956
(K eith et al. 1999: 102). Freshwater and transitional water.
Outside the area, originally southeastern and southern Africa. Introduced worldwide into tropical freshwater habitats.
Conservation. Not evaluated in Réunion (NE). No conservation
scheme in favour of this species, as it is not native.
Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) – Nile tilapia; Lapia,
petit lapia (Réunion), tilapia (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Marquet et al. (1997:
30); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 362), based on
MNHN material. Discussion about hybridisation with three
other introduced cichlid species see K eith et al. (1999: 102).
Distribution. Réunion. Introduced since between 1950 and 1956
(K eith et al. 1999: 102). Freshwater and transitional water.
Outside the area, originally Nile River and adjacent watersheds. Introduced worldwide into tropical fresh and brackish
water habitats.
Conservation. Not evaluated in Réunion (NE). No conservation
scheme in favour of this species, as it is not native.
Tilapia zillii (Gervais, 1848) – Redbelly tilapia
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by K eith et al. (1999:
102). Discussion about hybridisation with three other introduced cichlid species see K eith et al. (1999: 102).
Distribution. Réunion. Introduced since between 1950 and 1956
(K eith et al. 1999: 102). Freshwater and transitional water.
Outside the area, originally northern and western Africa
northeast to Jordan system. Introduced worldwide into tropical freshwater habitats.
Conservation. Not evaluated in Réunion (NE). No conservation
scheme in favour of this species, as it is not native.
P o m a c e n t r i d a e – Damselfishes
Abudefduf margariteus (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830)
– Pearly sergeant
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C25)
as Glyphisodon margariteus; subsequently described as
Glyhidodon rhyncholepis by Bleeker (1869: 230–232); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 363–364), based on R MNH,
SMNS and USNM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues. Marine species.
Found on rocky and coral reefs in shallow water, including
the reef flat and tidal pools. Endemic to Mascarenes.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Local importance. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. Proposed for Annexes II and IV of the EU Habitats Directive.
Abudefduf septemfasciatus (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1830) – Banded sergeant, sevenbar damsel; Sergent-major
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by H armelin-Vivien
(1976: 95) as A. septemfasciatus and A. saxatilis (non Linnaeus, 1758); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 364), based
on MHNRUN and USNM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Al-
77
dabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in shallow lagoon
and outer coral reefs exposed to mild or moderate surge.
Outside the area, East Africa east to Line and Gambier islands, north to Izu Islands, south to Western Australia, New
South Wales/Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Abudefduf sexfasciatus (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801) –
Scissortail sergeant, stripetail damsel
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fourmanoir & Guézé
(1963: 13); previously listed as Glyphisodon celestinus by
Guichenot (1863: C25); record confirmed by Fricke (1999:
365), based on MHNRUN and USNM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on inshore and offshore coral reefs and reef flats, including lagoon habitats, at depths of 0–15 m. Outside the area, Red Sea
and East Africa east to Marquesas and Gambier islands,
north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New
South Wales/Australia, Lord Howe Island, Tonga and Rapa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Abudefduf sordidus (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Blackspot
sergeant, spot damsel
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C25)
as Glyphisodon sordidus; record confirmed by Fricke (1999:
366), based on SMNS and USNM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in rocky
lagoons, dead coral, reef flat shorelines and piers subject to
mild surge; juveniles are common in tide pools; at depths of
0–3 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to
Wake Atoll and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan,
south to Western Australia, New South Wales/Australia,
Lord Howe Island, Tonga and Rapa.
Conservation. Least concern in Réunion (LC). Threats: EUT.
Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Keystone species.
Stable populations. Medium priority for conservation action.
Abudefduf sparoides (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) – False-eye sergeant, false-eye damsel
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C25)
as Glyphisodon sparoides; record confirmed by Fricke
(1999: 366–368), based on LEMUR, SMNS and USNM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra. Marine species. Found on rocky and coral
reefs including reef flats and tidal pools, at depths of 0–6 m.
Outside the area, Kenya south to Natal/South Africa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Abudefduf vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) – Indo-Pacific
sergeant
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1992: 53);
listed by Harmelin-Vivien (1976: 95) as A. saxatilis (non
Linnaeus, 1758); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 368),
based on SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar. Marine species. Found on
inshore rocky reefs and lagoons and outer reef slopes, at
depths of 0–15 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Sa-
78
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
moa and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to Western
Australia, New South Wales/Australia, and northern New
Zealand.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT.
Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Keystone
species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation
action.
Amphiprion allardi Klausewitz, 1970 – Twobar anemonefish,
Allard’s anemonefish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 368–
369); previously listed by Guichenot (1863: C25) as A. trifasciatus (non Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830), and by
Fourmanoir & Guézé (1963: 13) as A. polymnus (non Linnaeus, 1758).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in lagoons and
outer coral reefs, associated with anemones, at depths of
0–30 m. Outside the area, East Africa south to Durban/South
Africa. Endemic to southwestern Indian Ocean.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HOS,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown.
Low priority for conservation action.
Amphiprion chrysogaster Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1830 – Mauritian anemonefish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1998:
282).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar. Marine species. Found in lagoons and outer coral or rocky reefs,
associated with anemones, at depths of 0–40 m. Endemic to
islands in the southwestern Indian Ocean.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HOS,
HAB, EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Decline
unknown. Medium priority for conservation action.
Chromis agilis Smith, 1960 – Reef chromis, agile chromis
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Cuvier in Cuvier &
Valenciennes (1830a: 400–401); record confirmed by Fricke
(1999: 369–370), based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found in clear lagoons
and seaward reefs, near branching corals, often associated
with caves and ledges, at depths of 1–65 m. Outside the area,
East Africa east to Wake Atoll and Pitcairn Group, north to
Ogasawara Islands, south to Elizabeth Reef, Tonga and Rapa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Chromis atripectoralis Welander & Schultz, 1951 – Black-axil
chromis
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 370),
based on SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in clear lagoons, passages and seaward
coral reefs, around thick packages of live or dead corals, at
depths of 0–29 m. Outside the area, Maldives east to Tuamotu and Gambier islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to
Western Australia, Lord Howe Island and Rapa.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Chromis axillaris (Bennett, 1831) – Grey chromis
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Durville et al. (submitted), based on MHNRUN material.
Neue Serie 2
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Walters Shoal. Marine species. Found on deep reefs, at depths of 40–80 m. Outside the
area, Red Sea and East Africa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Chromis chrysura (Bliss, 1883) – Stout-body chromis
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Allen (1991: 64); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 370–371), based on BPBM
material. Also MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues. Marine species.
Found in outer coral and rocky reefs, at depths of 6–45 m.
Outside the area, east to Fiji and Tonga, north to southern
Japan, south to New South Wales/Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Chromis dimidiata (Klunzinger, 1871) – Chocolate dip
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 96); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 371), based on
BPBM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in lagoon and seaward coral or rocky reefs, at depths of 0–36 m.
Outside the area, Red Sea, East Africa and Natal/South Africa east to Andaman Sea and Christmas Island (eastern Indian Ocean).
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Chromis leucura Gilbert, 1905 – Whitetail chromis
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by A llen (1991: 72).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar. Marine species. Found on outer coral or rocky reefs, at depths of
20–119 m. Outside the area, Hawaiian, Marquesas and Gambier islands, Ryukyu Islands, eastern Indonesia, New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Chromis nigrura Smith, 1960 – Blacktail chromis
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Chabanet (1994: 240);
record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 372), based on BPBM
material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra. Marine species. Found on the outer reef, in
coral-rich areas, at depths of 1–30 m. Outside the area,
Transkei/South Africa and East Africa east to Maldives and
Chagos Archipelago.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HOS,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Chromis opercularis (Günther in Playfair & Günther, 1867) –
Doublebar chromis
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on a specimen collected during a visual census, on the outer coral reef, in 2004
(P. Durville, E. Tessier, T. Mulochau, P. Chabanet). Listed
from Réunion as Chromis cf. opercularis by Harmelin-
Vivien (1976: 96).
Distribution. Réunion, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on
reef slopes, at depths of 4–40 m. Outside the area, East and
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
South Africa east to Andaman Sea and Christmas Island
(eastern Indian Ocean).
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Chromis ternatensis (Bleeker, 1856) – Golden chromis, bluegreen chromis
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1998:
282); previously listed by Harmelin-Vivien (1976: 96) as C.
caeruleus and C. simulans (non Smith, 1960).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar. Marine species. Found around branching corals in clear lagoon
reefs and outer reef slopes, at depths of 1–36 m. Outside the
area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Mariana Islands, Samoa and Tonga, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Western
Australia, Queensland/Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HOS,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Chromis viridis Cuvier [ex Ehrenberg] in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830 – Green chromis, blue-green chromis; Petit cafre (Réunion), demoiselle bleue (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1992:
109); previously listed by Guichenot (1863: C25) as Heliastes cinerascens (non Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1830); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 373–374), based
on MHNRUN and SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar. Marine species. Found in large aggregations above
thickets of branching Acropora corals in sheltered areas of
subtidal reef flats and lagoons, at depths of 1–20 m. Outside
the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Wake Atoll, Marquesas and Tuamotu islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south
to Western Australia, Middleton Reef, New Caledonia and
Tonga.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HOS,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Chromis weberi Fowler & Bean, 1928 – Weber’s chromis
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on a specimen
observed during a visual census, on the outer coral reef,
in 2004 (P. Durville, E. Tessier, T. Mulochau, P. Chaba
net).
Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar, Aldabra, Agalega Islands.
Marine species. Found on reef slopes, at depths of 3–40 m.
Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa to the Line Islands, north to southern Japan, south to New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Chromis xanthura (Bleeker, 1854) – Paletail chromis, variable
chromis
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1998:
282) as C. xanthurus; record confirmed by Fricke (1999:
374), based on BPBM material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found above steep outer
coral or rocky reef slopes and shallow coastal reef flats,
sometimes forming large aggregations feeding on zooplankton several metres above the bottom, at depths of 3–40 m.
Outside the area, Cocos-Keeling and Christmas islands
(eastern Indian Ocean) east to Pitcairn Group, north to
southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Queensland/
Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga.
79
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Chrysiptera annulata (Peters, 1855) – Footballer demoiselle
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by A llen (1991: 90).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in lagoon and inshore seagrass and sand flats adjacent to coral reefs, at depths of
0–3 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East Africa and Durban/
South Africa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Chrysiptera brownriggii (Bennett, 1828) – Surge demoiselle,
blueribbon demoiselle
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion; previously listed as
Abudefduf biocellatus (non Quoy & Gaimard, 1825), A. xanthozonus, and A. zonatus (non Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830) by Harmelin-Vivien (1976: 95), and as Chrysi
ptera leucopoma by Fricke (1999: 375–376), based on SMNS
material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on rubble-strewn surge channels, the outermost reaches of exposed
reef flats, and the upper submarine terrace, at depths of
0–12 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Wake and Marquesas islands, north to southern Japan, south to Western
Australia, New South Wales/Australia, New Caledonia and
Austral Islands.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT.
Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Decline
unknown. Medium priority for conservation action.
Chrysiptera glauca (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830) –
Grey demoiselle, blue damsel
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 95) as Abudefduf glaucus; record confirmed by Fricke
(1999: 374–375), based on LEMUR, MNHN and SMNS
material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Transitional water and marine. Found
among rubble or consolidated reef rock of exposed intertidal
reef flats and sandy beaches, subject to mild surge; also near
freshwater run-offs, at depths of 0–3 m. Outside the area,
South and East Africa east to Wake, Line and Gambier islands, north to Izu Islands, south to Western Australia, Lord
Howe Island, and Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT.
Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Decline
unknown. Medium priority for conservation action.
Chrysiptera unimaculata (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1830) – Onespot demoiselle
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1991:
164); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 376), based on
MNHN, SMNS and USNM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species.
Found solitarily or in small groups among coastal algal
reefs, rubble or over open beach-rock of reef flats exposed to
moderate surge, at depths of 0–3 m. Outside the area, Red
Sea, East Africa and Oman east to Fiji and Tonga, north to
southern Japan, south to Queensland/Australia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT.
Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action.
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stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
Dascyllus aruanus (Linnaeus, 1758) – Humbug dascyllus, zebra
humbug, whitetail dascyllus
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C25);
record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 376–378), based on
LEMUR, MNHN and SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Farquhar Islands, Cargados Carajos, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in shallow lagoon and subtidal reef flats, forming large aggregations above staghorn
Acropora thickets or smaller groups above isolated coral
heads, at depths of 0–20 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and
East Africa east to Wake, Marquesas and Gambier islands,
north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Western Australia, Lord
Howe Island and Rapa.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HOS,
HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone
species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation
action.
Dascyllus carneus Fischer, 1885 – Twobar humbug, cloudy dascyllus
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by R andall & Allen
(1977: 368–372).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Cargados Carajos, Aldabra, Amirantes, Seychelles. Marine species. Found among branching corals on inshore and offshore
reefs, occasionally also on rocky reefs, at depths of 4–40 m.
Outside the area, South and East Africa east to Andaman
and Java seas.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HOS,
HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant
decline. High priority for conservation action. Proposed for
Annexes II and IV of the EU Habitats Directive.
Dascyllus trimaculatus (Rüppell, 1829) – Domino, threespot
dascyllus; Demoiselle à trois taches
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fourmanoir & Guézé
(1963: 14).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine
species. Found in coral and rocky reefs, juveniles often
commensal with large sea anemones, sea urchins, or small
coral heads; at depths of 0–55 m. Outside the area, Red
Sea and East Africa east to Marshall Islands and Pitcairn
Group, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia,
New South Wales/Australia, Lord Howe and Austral islands.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HOS,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone
species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation
action.
Neoglyphidodon melas (Cuvier [ex Kuhl & Hasselt] in Cuvier &
Valenciennes, 1830) – Bowtie damselfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur et al.
(2004: 204).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species.
Found in coral-rich areas of lagoon and seaward reefs and
usually associated with soft corals on which it feeds, at
depths of 0–12 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa
east to Philippines and Vanuatu, north to Ryukyu Islands,
south to northern Australia.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HOS,
HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant
decline. High priority for conservation action.
Neue Serie 2
Plectroglyphidodon dickii (Liénard, 1839) – Narrowbar damsel,
Dick’s damsel, blackbar devil
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by H armelin-Vivien
(1976: 95); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 379–380),
based on BPBM, LEMUR, MNHN and SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in coralrich and surge areas of clear lagoon and seaward reefs, commonly associated with Pocillopora or Acropora corals, at
depths of 0–15 m. Outside the area, South and East Africa
east to Wake, Marquesas and Tuamotu islands, north to
southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Lord Howe Island, and Tonga.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HOS,
HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant
decline. High priority for conservation action. Proposed for
Annexes II and IV of the EU Habitats Directive.
Plectroglyphidodon imparipennis (Sauvage in Vaillant & Sauvage, 1875) – Brighteye damsel, stop-start damsel
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 95) as Abudefduf imparipennis; record confirmed by
Fricke (1999: 380), based on SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in coral-rich and surge areas
of clear lagoon and seaward reefs, commonly associated with
Pocillopora or Acropora corals, at depths of 0–15 m. Outside
the area, South and East Africa east to Minami-tori-shima,
Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Western Australia and Austral Islands.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HOS,
HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant
decline. High priority for conservation action.
Plectroglyphidodon johnstonianus Fowler & Ball, 1924 – Johnston damsel, widebar damsel
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1992:
unpag. 5); previously listed by Harmelin-Vivien (1976: 96)
as P. nitidus; record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 381), based
on BPBM, LEMUR and SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Aldabra. Marine
species. Found in inner to outer reef crests in rich coral
habitat, frequently associated with Acropora, Stylophora, or
Pocillopora coral heads, at depths of 0–18 m. Outside the
area, East Africa east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn
Group, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to
Western Australia, Lord Howe Island and Rapa.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HOS,
HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant
decline. High priority for conservation action.
Plectroglyphidodon lacrymatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) –
White-spotted devil
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on a specimen
observed during a visual census, on the outer and inner coral
reef, in 2004 (P. Durville, E. Tessier, T. Mulochau, P. Cha
banet).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius (new record, based on USNM
298871 and USNM 346039), Madagascar, Amirantes, Farquhar Islands, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in
coral reefs, in areas with mixed coral and rubble or dead
coral rocks, at depths of 1–40 m. Outside the area, Red Sea
and East Africa to Marshall and Marquesas islands, north to
Ryukyu Islands, south to Lord Howe and Rapa islands.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
Plectroglyphidodon phoenixensis (Schultz, 1943) – Phoenix
devil
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as Plectroglyphidodon
phoenixiensis by Letourneur (1991: 164); record verified
through a specimen collected during a visual census, on the
outer and inner coral reef, in 2004 (P. Durville, E. Tessier,
T. Mulochau, P. Chabanet).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius (new record, based on USNM
346043). Marine species. Found in the surge zone of coral
reefs, in or near Acropora or Pocillopora coral patches, at
depths of 0–8 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Pitcairn Group, north to Ryukyu Islands.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Plectroglyphidodon randalli Allen, 1991 – Mauritian damsel
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 381–
382), based on SMNS material; previously listed by Harme
lin-Vivien (1976: 95) as Abudefduf cingulum (non Klun
zinger, 1871), and by Letourneur (1992: 46, 6, 68, 109 as
Plectroglyphidodon leucozonus (non Bleeker, 1859).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found on
rocky reefs exposed to wave action, occasionally also on
coral reef flats, at depths of 0–4 m. Endemic to western
Mascarenes.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT.
Local importance. Sensitive to human activities. Probable
decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Pomacentrus agassizii Bliss, 1883 – Creole damsel
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Allen (1991: 136);
previously listed by Harmelin-Vivien (1976: 95, 96) as P.
tripunctatum (non Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830),
and as Abudefduf melas (non Cuvier [ex Kuhl & Hasselt] in
Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830); record confirmed by Fricke
(1999: 382), based on SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar. Marine species. Found in lagoon and inshore coral reefs, at
depths of 0–4 m. Endemic to islands in the southwestern
Indian Ocean.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Local importance. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Pomacentrus caeruleus Quoy & Gaimard, 1825 – Blue pete
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C25);
subsequently listed by Harmelin-Vivien (1976: 96) as P.
pulcherrimus; record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 382–383),
based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in lagoon and outer coral or rocky reef slopes, usually over rubble
near base of reefs, at depths of 0–20 m. Outside the area,
South and East Africa east to Maldives.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Pomacentrus pikei Bliss, 1883 – Blacklip damsel
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Allen (1991: 155,
250).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues. Marine species.
Found on inshore coral and rocky reefs, at depths of 0–6 m.
Endemic to Mascarenes.
Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Local importance. Rare. Sensitive to human activities.
81
Probable decline. High priority for conservation action. Proposed for Annex II of the EU Habitats Directive.
Pomacentrus trichrourus Günther in Playfair & Günther, 1867
– Yellowtail damsel, paletail damsel
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 384–
385), based on SMNS material; previously listed by Le
tourneur (1992: 84, unpag 5) as P. cf. chrysurus.
Distribution. Réunion, Rodrigues, Madagascar. Marine species.
Found on inshore coral reefs, at depths of 0–43 m. Outside
the area, Red Sea and East Africa south to Sodwana Bay/
South Africa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Pomachromis richardsoni (Snyder, 1909) – Richardson’s damsel
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 385).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found in coral and rocky reefs exposed to ocean swells, at depths of
2–25 m. Outside the area, east to Samoa and Tonga, north to
Ryukyu Islands, south to Queensland/Australia and Loyalty
Islands.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Stegastes albifasciatus (Schlegel & Müller, 1839) – Whitebar
gregory
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Myers (1989: 175); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 385), based on SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Rodrigues, Aldabra, Cargados Carajos.
Marine species. Found on reef flats, in shallow lagoons, and
on semi-sheltered coral or rocky reef margins; common
among patches of rubble or porous reef rock, surrounded by
live coral, particularly in areas of mild surge, at depths of
0–4 m. Outside the area, east to Wake, Line and Tuamotu
islands, south to Western Australia, New Caledonia and
Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT.
Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action.
Stegastes limbatus (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830) –
Ebony gregory
Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion as Glyphisodon
limbatus by Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes (1830a: 477–
478); subsequently listed as Pomacentrus pristiger by
Guichenot (1863: C25), and as P. madagascariensis by
Smith (1960: 342, pl. 27 A); record confirmed by Fricke
(1999: 386–387), based on LEMUR, MNHN and SMNS
material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar. Marine species. Found in the surge zone of inshore boulder areas, at depths of 0–2 m. Endemic to islands in the southwestern Indian Ocean.
Conservation. Least concern in Réunion (LC). Threats: EUT.
Local importance. Sensitive to human activities. Stable populations. Medium priority for conservation action.
Stegastes luteobrunneus (Smith, 1960) – Indian Ocean dark
damsel
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on LEMUR,
MNHN, SMNS and USNM material listed by Fricke (1999:
385–385) as S. fasciolatus (non Ogilby, 1889); previously
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Neue Serie 2
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
listed by Letourneur (1991: 164) as S. fasciolatus (non Ogilby, 1889). Stegastes fasciolatus is restricted to Pacific Ocean
(R andall 2005: 384–385). Taxonomic decision of the present paper (Pomacentrus luteobrunneus Smith, 1960 is the
oldest available name for the Indian Ocean populations).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar,
Amirantes, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found on
rocky and coral reefs exposed to mild to moderate surge, at
depths of 0–30 m. Outside the area, Gulf of Aden, East Africa and Durban/South Africa east to Cocos-Keeling Islands.
Conservation. Least concern in Réunion (LC). Threats: EUT.
Sensitive to human activities. Stable populations. Low priority for conservation action.
Stegastes nigricans (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1802) – Dusky
gregory
Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion as Holocentrus
nigricans by Lacepède (1802: 332, 367, 370); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 388–390), based on LEMUR,
MNHN and SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Farquhar Islands, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on reef flats and lagoon reefs, frequently occurring in groups associated with live or dead branching staghorn coral (Acropora), at depths of 0–12 m. Outside the area,
Red Sea and East Africa east to Tuamotu Archipelago, north
to Wake Atoll, south to Western Australia, New Caledonia
and Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low
priority for conservation action.
Stegastes pelicieri Allen & Emery, 1985 – Mauritian gregory
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Allen (1991: 181, 254);
previously listed by Harmelin-Vivien (1976: 95) as Abudefduf
lacrymatus (non Quoy & Gaimard, 1825); record confirmed
by Fricke (1999: 390–391), based on LEMUR, SMNS and
USNM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar. Marine species. Found on rocky reefs with little coral and found
near crevices and holes, at depths of 0–20 m. Endemic to islands in the southwestern Indian Ocean.
Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: EUT.
Local importance. Sensitive to human activities. Decline
unknown. Medium priority for conservation action.
Stegastes punctatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) – Bluntsnout gregory, farmerfish
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on SMNS material
listed by Fricke (1999: 387–388) as S. lividus (non Bloch &
Schneider [ex Forster], 1801), and Letourneur (1992: 25,
unpag. 5). S. lividus (Bloch & Schneider [ex Forster], 1801)
is restricted to Marquesas Islands according to R andall
(2005: 385).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in coral reef areas with dead
staghorn corals, at depths of 0–5 m. Outside the area, Red
Sea and East Africa east to Tuamotu Archipelago, north to
southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New Caledonia
and Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low
priority for conservation action.
L a b r i d a e – Wrasses
Anampses caeruleopunctatus Rüppell, 1829 – Blue-spotted
wrasse, blue-spotted tamarin; Labre constellé (female), labre
bleu (male)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C28)
as A. caeruleo-punctatus; subsequently listed as A. diadematus by Fourmanoir & Guézé (1961a: 12); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 391–392), based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in the
surge zone of coral reefs or rocky coasts, at depths of 3–30 m.
Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Wake, Line
and Easter islands, north to southern Japan, south to Rowley
Shoals/Western Australia, New South Wales/Australia, Lord
Howe and Kermadec islands, and Rapa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Anampses lineatus Randall, 1972 – Lined tamarin
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1992: 53);
previously listed as A. Cuvieri (non Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)
by Guichenot (1863: C28), and as A. melanurus (non Blee
ker, 1857) by Harmelin-Vivien (1976: 97).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in lagoon and seaward coral reefs, at
depths of 10–42 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa south to Natal/South Africa, east to Maldives.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Anampses meleagrides Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1840 – Yellowtail tamarin
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 97); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 393–394),
based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in areas of
mixed coral, rubble, consolidated limestone, and sand of
seaward coral reefs, or in soft coral or sponge habitats, at
depths of 3–60 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South
Africa east to Samoa and Tuamotu Archipelago, north to
southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Lord Howe
Island.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Anampses twistii Bleeker, 1856 – Yellow-breasted wrasse
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 97) as A. twisti.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in clear lagoon
and seaward coral reefs, usually in areas with mixed rubble,
coral, or rock and sand, at depths of 5–30 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Marshall Islands and Pitcairn, north
to Ryukyu Islands, south to Western Australia, Chesterfield
Islands and Rapa.
Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
Bodianus anthioides (Bennett, 1832) – Lyretail hogfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Chabanet (1994:
240).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in coral and rocky reefs rich
with invertebrates such as gorgonians, seawhips and black
corals, common on steep outer slopes, at depths of 6–60 m.
Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to
Wake and Marshall islands, and Henderson/Pitcairn Group,
north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New
Caledonia and Austral Islands.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Bodianus axillaris (Bennett, 1832) – Axilspot hogfish, turncoat
hogfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Chabanet (1994: 240);
previously listed as B. albimaculatus by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 97).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found
in clear lagoon and seaward coral and rocky reefs, at depths
of 2–80 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa
east to Line Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to southern
Japan and Marshall Islands, south to Western Australia,
Lord Howe Island and Rapa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Bodianus bilunulatus (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801) – Saddleback hogfish; Vieille à selle noire
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C28)
as Cossyphus bilunulatus; record confirmed by Fricke
(1999: 396) as Bodianus bilunulatus bilunulatus, based on
MHNRUN and MNHN material. Taxonomic decision of
Gomon (2006: 77–79).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on deep coral and
rocky reef slopes rich with invertebrates such as sponges and
seawhips, but young adults occasionally seen much shallower; at depths of 8–120 m. Outside the area, East and
South Africa east to Philippines, north to Ryukyu Islands,
south to Houtman Abrolhos/Western Australia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Bodianus bimaculatus Allen, 1973 – Twospot hogfish; Labre à
deux taches
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur et al.
(2004: 205). Taxonomic decision of Gomon (2006: 24–26).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species.
Found around rubble and sand in steep outer coral reef
slopes and drop-offs, usually adjacent to very deep water, at
depths of 30–60 m. Outside the area, east to Palau/Belau and
New Caledonia, north to southern Japan, south to northern
New Zealand.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Bodianus diana (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801) – Diana’s
hogfish; Labre diane
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C13–
C14, C28) as Cossyphus diana and C. spilotes; record con-
83
firmed by Fricke (1999: 397), based on MNHN material.
Taxonomic decision of Gomon (2006: 56–59).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in coral-rich areas of seaward
coral reefs, at depths of 5–100 m. Outside the area, East and
South Africa east to Nicobar and Cocos-Keeling Islands.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Bodianus leucosticticus (Bennett, 1832) – Lined hogfish, fourline hogfish; Labre pointillé
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by R andall in Smith &
Heemstra (1986: 688); previously listed as Cossyphus bodianus (non Bloch, 1790) by Guichenot (1863: C28) as C. rufus
(non Linnaeus, 1758) by Bleeker (1874: 82), and described
as Lepidaplois Bourboni by Fourmanoir & Guézé (1961a: 7,
fig. 1); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 397–398), based
on SAIAB material. Taxonomic decision of Gomon (2006:
49–52).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found in coral reefs. Outside the area, southern Japan to Taiwan.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Bodianus macrourus (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801) – Mauritius hogfish, black-banded hogfish; Chien (Réunion), labre
brassard (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bleeker (1874: 82) as
Cossyphus macrourus; previously listed as C. maldat by
Guichenot (1863: C28); subsequently listed as Bodianus hirsutus by Harmelin-Vivien (1976: 97); record confirmed by
Fricke (1999: 398–399), based on MHNRUN and MNHN
material. Taxonomic decision of Gomon (2006: 85–87).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Cargados Carajos.
Marine species. Found on exposed seaward coral reefs with
sand patches, at depths of 10–40 m. Endemic to islands in
the southwestern Indian Ocean.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Bodianus opercularis (Guichenot, 1847) – Blackspot hogfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C28)
as Cossyphus opercularis.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar. Marine species. Found on rubble bottoms of steep outer coral
reefs, at depths of 42–61 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and
East Africa east to Christmas Island (eastern Indian
Ocean).
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Bodianus perditio (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) – Goldspot hogfish,
goldsaddle hogfish, golden-spot hogfish; Labre de la perdition
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fourmanoir & Guézé
(1961a: 7) as Lepidaplois perditio; previously listed as
Cossyphus atrolumbus by Guichenot (1863: C28); record
confirmed by Fricke (1999: 400), based on MNHN material.
Taxonomic decision of Gomon (2006: 87–90).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Cargados Carajos.
Marine species. Found in the vicinity of coral and rocky
reefs, often over sand or rubble, from 9 m depth (juveniles)
to deeper water. Outside the area, anti-equatorial from South
84
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
Africa east to Tuamotu and Gambier islands, south to Western Australia, New South Wales/Australia, Lord Howe Island and Rapa, Taiwan north to southern Japan.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Cheilinus chlorourus (Bloch, 1791) – Floral wrasse; Vieille tachetée
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gomon (1984: 2 pp.).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Aldabra, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in lagoon
and coastal coral reefs, in areas with mixed sand, rubble, and
coral, at depths of 0–30 m. Outside the area, East and South
Africa east to Wake, Marquesas and Gambier islands, north
to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Queensland/
Australia, Elizabeth and Middleton reefs, and Rapa.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIB,
HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone
species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation
action.
Cheilinus fasciatus (Bloch, 1791) – Red-breasted wrasse; Vieille
rayée
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gomon (1984: 2 pp.) as
C. fasciatus fasciatus.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in lagoon and seaward coral
or rocky reefs, usually in areas with mixed coral, sand, and
rubble, at depths of 3–60 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and
East Africa east to Wake and Marshall islands, Samoa and
Tonga, south to Western Australia, Queensland/Australia
and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Cheilinus oxycephalus Bleeker, 1853 – Snooty wrasse; Vieille à
bec pointu
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 402),
based on USNM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in coral-rich areas of lagoon
and seaward coral reefs, at depths of 1–40 m. Outside the
area, East and South Africa east to Marquesas and Gambier
islands, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia,
Queensland/Australia and Austral Islands.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline.
High priority for conservation action. Proposed for Annex II
of the EU Habitats Directive.
Cheilinus trilobatus Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801 – Tripletail wrasse; Lachaux (Réunion), vieille triple queue, vieille
trilobé (France)
Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by Lacepède
(1801: 529, 537–538, pl. 31, fig. 3); subsequently listed as C.
lunulatus (non Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) by Guichenot
(1863: C28); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 402–403),
based on LEMUR, MHNRUN, MNHN and SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found along
shallow reef margins with good coral cover, at depths of
1–30 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa east to
Wake and Gambier islands, north to southern Japan, south to
Western Australia, New Caledonia and Austral Islands.
Neue Serie 2
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIB,
HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone
species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation
action.
Cheilinus undulatus Rüppell, 1835 – Humphead wrasse; Napoléon
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gomon (1984: 2 unnumbered pp.).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra. Marine species. Found on steep outer reef slopes,
channel slopes, and lagoon reefs; juveniles are encountered
in coral-rich areas of lagoon reefs, where staghorn Acropora
corals abound; also in algal reefs or seagrass; adults rove
across the reefs by day and rest in reef caves and under coral
ledges at night; at depths of 1–60 m. Outside the area, Red
Sea and East Africa east to Tuamotu Archipelago, north to
Ryukyu Islands, south to New Caledonia.
Conservation. Critically endangered in Réunion (CR). Threats:
FIT, HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Severe decline. High priority for conservation
action.
Cheilio inermis (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Cigar wrasse;
Banane (Réunion), longue girelle (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bleeker (1874: 83);
subsequently listed as Chelio cyano-chloris and C. auratus
by Guichenot (1863: C28); record confirmed by Fricke
(1999: 404–405), based on LEMUR, MHNRUN and MNHN
material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in seagrass beds and algal-covered flats, adjacent to lagoon and
seaward coral reefs, at depths of 1–30 m. Outside the area,
Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Hawaiian and Easter
islands, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia,
New South Wales/Australia, Lord Howe Island, and Rapa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Choerodon robustus (Günther, 1862) – Robust tuskfish; Chien,
lachaux (Réunion), maldaque robuste (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gomon (1984: 2 pp.);
previously described as Cossyphus maxillosus by Guichenot
(1863: C28), and as Choerops dodecacanthus by Bleeker
(1868b: 275–277); record of Choerodon robustus confirmed
by Fricke (1999: 405–406), based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Seychelles. Marine species.
Found on deeper coral and rocky reefs, at depths of 40–70 m.
Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa, Indonesia,
southern Japan.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT.
Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium
priority for conservation action.
Coris aygula Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801 – Clown coris;
Loupe côte (Réunion), clarisse clown (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bleeker (1874: 83);
previously listed as Julis Coris by Guichenot (1863: C28);
record of Coris aygula confirmed by Fricke (1999: 407–
408), based on MHNRUN, MNHN, SMNS and USNM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in the vicinity of sand or rubble patches of exposed outer reef flats, lagoon reefs, and seaward coral reefs,
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
often in semi-exposed surge zones, juveniles common in
shallow tide pools; at depths of 0–30 m. Outside the area,
Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Wake and Line islands, and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to northwestern Australia, New South
Wales/Australia, Lord Howe Island and Rapa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Coris caudimacula (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) – Spottail coris;
Girelle à tache caudale
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bleeker (1873a: 98–
100) as Hemicoris caudimacula.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in sandy or algal-rich areas near coral or rocky
reefs or in seagrass beds, at depths of 0–57 m. Outside the
area, Red Sea, East Africa and eastern South Africa east to
western Indonesia and northwestern Australia, south to
Shark Bay/Western Australia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Coris cuvieri (Bennett, 1831) – African coris; Clarisse africaine
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion; previously listed as C.
Gaimard (non Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) by Fourmanoir &
Guézé (1961a: 14), and as C. africana by Letourneur (1991:
164); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 406), based on
LEMUR and USNM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in exposed outer reef flats and lagoon and seaward coral or rocky
reefs, in areas of mixed sand, coral and rubble, at depths of
1–20 m; juveniles occur in small tide pools, exposed reef
flats with algae-rubble. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and
South Africa east to Andaman Sea.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Coris frerei (Günther in Playfair & Günther, 1867) – Queen
coris; Girelle reine
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion; previously listed as C.
formosa by Gomon (1984: 2 unnumbered pp.); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 409–410) as C. formosa.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Adults
found in seagrass, rock and coral areas; juveniles in shallow
tide pools. Outside the area, Red Sea, East Africa and Natal/
South Africa east to Sri Lanka.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
HAB, EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable
decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Cymolutes praetextatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) – Knife
wrasse, knife razorfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1992: 40,
99, unpag. 5).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on reef flats and in shallow lagoons, in
sandy, current-swept areas with rubble and seagrass, at
depths of 1–6 m. Outside the area, South and East Africa
east to Society Islands, north to Mariana Islands, south to
Rowley Shoals/Western Australia, Norfolk Island and Tonga.
85
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Epibulus insidiator (Pallas, 1770) – Slingjaw wrasse; Epibule
gourami
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gomon (1984: 2 unnumbered pp.); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 410–411),
based on LEMUR material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in coral-rich areas of lagoon and seaward reefs,
at depths of 9–42 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and
South Africa east to Hawaiian and Gambier islands, north to
southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Queensland/
Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone
species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation
action.
Gomphosus caeruleus Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801 – Indian
Ocean bird wrasse, birdfish; Poisson oiseau
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Valenciennes in Cu
vier & Valenciennes (1840: 29–32); subsequently listed as
G. fuscus by Guichenot (1863: C28), and as G. varius (non
Lacepède, 1801) by Bleeker (1874: 82); record confirmed by
Fricke (1999: 411–412), based on LEMUR, MHNRUN,
MNHN and SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in coralrich areas of lagoon and seaward reefs, and in rocky reefs, at
depths of 0–15 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South
Africa east to Andaman Sea.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline.
High priority for conservation action.
Halichoeres cosmetus Randall & Smith, 1982 – Adorned wrasse;
Girelle à raies d’or
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by R andall & Smith
(1982: 15–17); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 412–413),
based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on coral and rocky reefs, at
depths of 1–31 m. Outside the area, East Africa and Natal/
South Africa east to Maldives and Chagos Archipelago.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Halichoeres hortulanus (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801) –
Checkerboard wrasse; Bonpartère (Réunion), lalo damier
(France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C28)
as Julis hortulanus; previously described as Labrus centiquadrus by Lacepède (1801: 437–438, 492–500).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found
on sand patches of lagoon and seaward coral reefs, also on
slopes to moderate depths along drop-offs, juveniles at the
bottom of surge channels; at depths of 0–30 m. Outside the
area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Tuamotu Archipelago,
north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to
Rowley Shoals/Western Australia, New South Wales/Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB,
86
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant
decline. High priority for conservation action.
Halichoeres iridis Randall & Smith, 1982 – Rainbow wrasse
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 414–
415), based on an underwater photograph taken by J. Cara
tini.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in steep seaward coral reefs, in sand and
rubble areas, at depths of 6–43 m. Outside the area, Yemen/
southern Red Sea, East and South Africa.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant
decline. High priority for conservation action.
Halichoeres lamarii Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1839 – Indian Ocean dusky wrasse; Girelle arc-en-ciel
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion; previously listed as H.
marginatus (non Rüppell, 1835) by R andall & Smith (1982:
5–6), and described as H. virescens by Fourmanoir & Guézé
(1961a: 13); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 415–416) as
H. marginatus (non Rüppell, 1835), based on LEMUR,
MNHN, SMNS and USNM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found on lagoon
and seaward reefs, along the upper edges of coral-rich areas,
juveniles are encountered in exposed outer reef flats; at
depths of 0–20 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Maldives and Chagos Archipelago.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Halichoeres lapillus Smith, 1947 – Jewelled wrasse; Girelle à
petits cailloux
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Chabanet (1994: 241).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species.
Found on rocky bottoms or coral reefs rich in algae, at
depths of 5–15 m. Outside the area, Oman south to Natal/
South Africa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Halichoeres nebulosus (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1839) – Nebulous wrasse, picture wrasse; Girelle nebuleuse
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1991:
164); previously listed as H. kawarin (non Bleeker, 1852) and
as H. melanurus (non Bleeker, 1851) by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 97, 98); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 417), based
on LEMUR material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in seagrass areas
of reef flats, along reef margins and rocky shores, at depths
of 0–40 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa
east to Papua New Guinea, north to southern Japan, south to
Queensland/Australia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Halichoeres scapularis (Bennett, 1832) – Zigzag wrasse; Girelle
en arc-en-ciel
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bleeker (1874: 83) as
Güntheria scapularis; previously described as Julis Leschenaulti by Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes
Neue Serie 2
(1839: 453–454); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 418),
based on LEMUR, MNHN and SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in shallow lagoons or bays, usually over sand,
rubble, or seagrass bottom, rather than on coral reef, at
depths of 1–10 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa
east to New Guinea, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Queensland/Australia, and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Hemigymnus fasciatus (Bloch, 1792) – Barred thicklip wrasse;
Chien noir (Réunion), tamarin à bandes noires (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bleeker (1874: 82);
record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 419–420), based on
MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found on coral reefs and reef flats, at depths of 0–20 m.
Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to
Wake Atoll and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan,
south to Western Australia, New South Wales/Australia,
Lord Howe Island and Rapa.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone
species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation
action.
Hemigymnus melapterus (Bloch, 1791) – Blackedge thicklip
wrasse; Tamarin vert
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gomon (1984: 2 unnumbered pp.); record needs verification.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on subtidal reef flats, lagoon and seaward reefs, among branching corals while adults found in
areas of mixed sand, rubble, and coral, at depths of 0–30 m.
Outside the area, East Africa east to Marshall and Society
islands, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia,
New South Wales/Australia, Lord Howe Island and Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone
species. Probable decline. High priority for conservation action.
Hologymnosus annulatus (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801) –
Ring wrasse; Labre annelé
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C28)
as Julis annulatus; subsequently listed as Hologymnosus
semidiscus by Fourmanoir & Guézé (1961a: 14).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found
on coral reefs and rocky substrates, at depths of 2–30 m.
Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Pitcairn,
north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Victoria/Australia, and Rapa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Hologymnosus doliatus (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801) –
Longface wrasse, ringed wrasse, pastel wrasse; Tongole
(Réunion), colombine pastel (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C28)
as Julis doliatus; subsequently listed as Hologymnosus fasciatus by Bleeker (1874: 83, part), and as H. oxyrhynchus by
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
Harmelin-Vivien (1976: 98); record confirmed by Fricke
(1999: 421–422).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found on coral
reefs and rocky substrates, at depths of 2–30 m. Outside the
area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Pitcairn, north to
southern Japan, south to Victoria/Australia, and Rapa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Iniistius pavo (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840) –
Indianfish (juvenile), blue razorfish (adult), peacock wrasse;
Vieux monde (Réunion), rason paon (France)
Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion (in part) by Va
lenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes (1840: 61–63, pl. 394)
as Xyrichthys pavo; subsequently listed as Julis vittatus (non
Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840) by Guichenot
(1863: C28); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 447–448) as
Xyrichtys pavo, based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Transitional water and marine. Usually found solitary in lagoon and seaward reef areas with fine to loose,
coarse sand bottoms (dives into the sand when threatened);
juveniles sometimes in shallow estuaries; adults rare in less
than 20 m; at depths of 1–100 m. Outside the area, Red Sea,
East Africa and Natal/South Africa east to Mexico, north to
southern Japan, Ogasawara and Hawaiian islands, south to
Lord Howe and Society islands.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Labrichthys unilineatus (Guichenot, 1847) – Tubelip wrasse
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 422);
previously listed as L. cyanotaenia by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 98).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Aldabra. Marine species.
Found in lagoon and semi-protected seaward coral reefs with
high coral cover, near branching corals, particularly staghorn
Acropora; feeds on coral polyps, at depths of 0–20 m. Outside
the area, East Africa east to Society Islands, south to Western
Australia, Lord Howe Island and Tonga.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: PRL,
HAB, EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Labroides bicolor Fowler & Bean, 1928 – Bicoloured cleaner
wrasse; Poisson nettoyeur bicolore
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 98) as Labroides bicolor and Fowlerella bicolor.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar. Marine species. Found in lagoon and seaward coral or rocky
reefs, territorial around prominent coral or rock formations
called ‘cleaning stations’, at depths of 0–40 m. Outside the
area, Natal/South Africa and East Africa east to Wake Atoll
and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara
Islands, south to Western Australia, Lord Howe and Austral
islands.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Labroides dimidiatus (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1839) – Bluestreak cleaner wrasse; Poisson nettoyeur commun
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
87
(1976: 98); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 423), based on
LEMUR and SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in coralrich areas of inner lagoons and subtidal reef flats to seaward
coral or rocky reefs, at depths of 1–40 m. Outside the area,
Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Wake Atoll and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Lord Howe Island and Rapa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Labropsis xanthonota Randall, 1981 – Wedge-tailed wrasse
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Chabanet (1994: 241);
record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 424), based on SAIAB
material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Seychelles. Marine species.
Found in coral-rich areas of clear outer lagoon and seaward
reefs, feeds on coral polyps, at depths of 7–55 m. Outside the
area, East Africa east to Micronesia, Samoa and Tonga,
south to Western Australia and Loyalty Islands.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: PRL,
HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant
decline. High priority for conservation action.
Macropharyngodon bipartitus Smith, 1957 – Vermiculate
wrasse, divided wrasse; Girelle diamant
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1992:
40); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 424) as M. bipartitus
bipartitus, based on BPBM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in lagoon and sheltered
seaward coral or rocky reefs, at depths of 1–30 m. Outside
the area, East Africa east to Maldives and Chagos Archipelago.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Macropharyngodon cyanoguttatus Randall, 1978 – Indian
Ocean black-spotted wrasse
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by R andall in Smith &
Heemstra (1986: 699); record confirmed by Fricke (1999:
424–425), based on BPBM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found in coral reefs, at depths of 10–40 m. Outside the area, Natal/South
Africa.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline.
High priority for conservation action.
Novaculichthys taeniourus (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801) –
Dragon wrasse, rockmover wrasse; Rason algue
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as N. taeniurus by Four
manoir & Guézé (1961a: 15–16, fig. 5); record confirmed by
Fricke (1999: 425–426), based on LEMUR material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in semiexposed reef flats and lagoon and seaward coral reefs; common in areas of mixed sand, and rubble that are subject to
mild surge; juveniles shallow on rubble amongst large bommies or protected open patches on reef crests and swim as if
were a leaf floating along the bottom; large adults move
along over large reef section, usually in pairs and typically
turn or shift large pieces of rubble or debris; at depths of
3–25 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and Natal/South
88
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
Neue Serie 2
Africa east to Panama, north to southern Japan and Hawaiian Islands, south to Lord Howe and Tuamotu islands.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low
priority for conservation action.
crest or slopes, at depths of 0–37 m. Endemic to islands in
the southwestern Indian Ocean.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HOS,
HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant
decline. High priority for conservation action.
Oxycheilinus arenatus Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1840 – Speckled maori wrasse; Vieille maori pointillée
Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion as Cheilinus arenatus by Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes (1840:
101–102, pl. 397); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 426),
based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in caves of steep outer coral reef dropoffs with rich invertebrate growth such as large gorgonians
or soft corals, at depths of 25–46 m. Outside the area, Red
Sea and East Africa east to Marshall Islands and Samoa,
north to Philippines and Mariana Islands.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: PRL,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Pseudocheilinus octotaenia Jenkins, 1901 – Eightstripe wrasse,
eightline wrasse
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 98).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found among
rubble or live corals of seaward coral reefs, usually in caves
and crevices with rich invertebrate growth; at depths of
2–50 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East Africa and Natal/
South Africa east to Hawaiian and Ducie islands, north to
Yaeyama and Ogasawara islands, south to Tonga and Austral
Islands.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HOS,
HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant
decline. High priority for conservation action.
Oxycheilinus bimaculatus (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840) – Twospot wrasse; Labre à queue de comète
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on a specimen collected during a visual census, near La Possession, at 15 m
depth, in 2006 (T. Mulochau, P. Durville).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on outer reef slopes or deep
clear lagoons among rubble or clumps of algae, also in seagrass beds, including estuaries, at depths of 1–110 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Hawaiian Islands, south to
Lord Howe Island.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Low
priority for conservation action.
Pseudocoris yamashiroi (Schmidt, 1931) – Redspot wrasse
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on specimens observed during a visual census, on the outer coral reef, in
2004 (T. Mulochau, P. Durville, E. Tessier, P. Chabanet).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found in lagoons and coral reefs, often on open sand flats with large
remote bommies, at depths of 5–25 m. Outside the area, East
Africa east to Marshall and Samoan islands, north to southern Japan, south to Kermadec Islands.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Oxycheilinus digrammus (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801) –
Cheek-lined wrasse, bandcheek wrasse; Vieille barbe noire
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C28)
as Cheilinus diagrammus; subsequently listed by Bleeker
(1874: 84) as C. radiatus; record confirmed by Fricke (1999:
427), based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in lagoon and
sheltered seaward coral reefs in coral-rich areas, at depths of
3–50 m, possibly deeper; juveniles more inshore on sheltered reef crests or slopes, usually amongst soft corals or
stinging hydrozoans. Outside the area, Red Sea, East Africa
and Natal/South Africa east to Wake and Gambier islands,
north to Ryukyu Islands, south to New Caledonia and Tonga.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: PRL,
HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone
species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation
action.
Pseudocheilinus dispilus Randall, 1999 – Mascarene sixstripe
wrasse
Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by R andall
(1999: 10, fig. 1, pl. 1 B); previously listed as P. hexataenia
(non Bleeker, 1857) by Harmelin-Vivien (1976: 98), and by
Fricke (1999: 427–428) as P. evanidus (non Jordan & Evermann, 1903), based on SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species.
Found in seaward coral reefs among coral branches, also in
clear coastal waters, dense coral habitats on shallow reef
Pseudodax moluccanus (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840) – Chiseltooth wrasse; Vieille ciseau
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C28)
as Pseudodax Mollucanus; previously described as Odax
Borbonicus by Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes
(1840: 306–307) [both Fricke (1999: 429; 10 September
1999) and R andall & Parenti (1999: 31; 6 December 1999)
acted as first reviewers to choose Odax moluccanus as the
senior synonym over O. borbonicus]; record confirmed by
Fricke (1999: 429), based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in clear
channels and seaward coral reefs; juveniles common along
drop-offs below 18 m; adults usually near caves while juveniles frequently live inside them; at depths of 3–60 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East Africa and Natal/South Africa
east to Marquesas and Tuamotu islands, north to southern
Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to New Caledonia and
Tonga.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline.
High priority for conservation action.
Pteragogus pelycus Randall, 1981 – Sideburn wrasse
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 430–
431); previously listed as Pteragogus opercularis by Blee
ker (1874: 81).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in quiet
seagrass beds and algal flats adjacent to coral reefs, at depths
of 1–25 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Stethojulis albovittata (Bonnaterre [ex Koelreuther], 1788) –
Blue-lined wrasse
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bleeker (1874: 82);
previously listed as Julis balteatus (non Quoy & Gaimard,
1824) and J. axillaris (non Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) by
Guichenot (1863: C28); record confirmed by Fricke (1999:
431–432), based on BPBM, LEMUR, MHNRUN, MNHN,
SMNS and USNM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in reef flats and clear lagoon and seaward coral
and rocky reefs, at depths of 0–10 m. Outside the area, Red
Sea, East Africa and Natal/South Africa east to Maldives
and Chagos Archipelago, possibly Sri Lanka.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Stethojulis strigiventer (Bennett, 1832) – Threeribbon wrasse
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 98); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 432–433),
based on USNM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in seagrass beds and areas of mixed sand, rubble,
and algae of inner coral reef flats and shallow lagoons, at
depths of 1–15 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Marshall, Tuamotu and Gambier islands, north to southern Japan, south to New Caledonia, Tonga and Austral Islands.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Thalassoma amblycephalum (Bleeker, 1856) – Twotone wrasse
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 98) as T. amblycephalus; subsequently listed as T.
melanochir by Fourmanoir & Guézé (1961a: 11); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 433–434), based on LEMUR and
SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in aggregations over shallow lagoon and seaward
coral and rocky reefs and on reef flats, at depths of 0–15 m.
Outside the area, Transkei/South Africa and East Africa east
to Line, Marquesas and Tuamotu islands, north to southern
Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Lord Howe Island,
northern New Zealand and Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Thalassoma genivittatum (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1839) – Redcheek wrasse
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1991:
164); previously listed as Julis Commersonii by Guichenot
(1863: C28); subsequently described as Thalassoma mascarenum by Fricke (1999: 437–444, figs. 6A, 7A), based on
MNHN and SMNS material; record confirmed by Fricke
(1999: 434–435) as T. genivittatum, based on USNM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in small groups above rocky
reefs with little coral cover, at depths of 0–10 m. Outside the
area, Natal/South Africa.
89
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT.
Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium
priority for conservation action.
Thalassoma hardwicke (Bennett, 1830) – Sixbar wrasse; Girelle
à six bandes
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 98); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 435–436),
based on LEMUR and SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in small
groups on coral reefs, at depths of 0–15 m. Outside the area,
South and East Africa east to Wake and Tuamotu islands,
north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to
Lord Howe, Tongan and Austral islands.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline.
High priority for conservation action. Proposed for Annex II
of the EU Habitats Directive.
Thalassoma hebraicum (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801) –
Goldbar wrasse
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bleeker (1874: 82,
part) as Julis hebraica; listed by Fricke (1999: 445) as Tha
lassoma quinquevittatum (non Lay & Bennett, 1839), based
on USNM material; record of T. hebraicum confirmed by
Fricke (1999: 436–437), based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found
in lagoon and seaward coral reefs, usually on patch reefs or
rocks, at depths of 1–30 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and
East Africa east to Maldives and Chagos Archipelago.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low
priority for conservation action.
Thalassoma purpureum (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Surge
wrasse; Girelle hublot
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Blanc & Postel (1958:
369, 373); previously listed as Julis umbrostigma by Play
fair & Günther (1867: XI); record confirmed by Fricke
(1999: 444–445), based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar. Marine species. Found almost exclusively in the
surge zone of outer reef flats, coral reef margins, and rocky
coastline, at depths of 0–10 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and
East Africa east to Hawaiian, Marquesas and Easter islands,
north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to
Lord Howe and Kermadec islands.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Thalassoma trilobatum (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801) –
Ladder wrasse, Christmas wrasse; Calonnier côte (Réunion),
girelle de Noël (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C28)
as Julis trilobatus; previously described as Labrus fuscus by
Lacepède (1801: 437, 492–500), and listed as Julis formosus,
J. aeruginosus and J. Souleyeti by Guichenot (1863: C28);
record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 446–447), based on
MNHN and SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Seychelles. Marine species.
Found in shallow exposed reef flats, usually with rock-base
and mixed coral and algae, also in surge-swept reef flats,
coral reef margins, and clear rocky shorelines, at depths of
0–10 m. Outside the area, Transkei/South Africa and East
90
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
Africa east to Wake Atoll and Pitcairn Group, north to
Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to Kermadec Islands
and Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Xyrichtys pentadactylus (Linnaeus, 1758) – Fingerprint razorfish; Rason ocellé
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Gomon (1984: 2 unnumbered pp); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 448–449),
based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar. Marine species. Found over sandy bottoms, and in areas with
some seagrass or algae, at depths of 1–18 m. Outside the
area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Philippines, north to
Taiwan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Queensland/Australia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
S c a r i d a e – Parrotfishes
Calotomus carolinus (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1840) – Stareye parrotfish, Christmas parrotfish, bucktooth
parrotfish; Perroquet des Carolines
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bruce & R andall
(1984: 2 unnumbered pp); previously described as Cryptotomus albimarginatus, and listed as C. spinidens (non Quoy &
Gaimard, 1824), by Fourmanoir & Guézé (1961a: 18, 19,
fig. 6).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Amirantes, Farquhar Islands, Seychelles. Marine species. Found over subtidal reef flats, and lagoon and seaward
coral reefs, in coral, rubble and seagrass areas, at depths of
0–27 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara
islands, south to Western Australia, New Caledonia, and
Tonga.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, PRL,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low priority for conservation action.
Cetoscarus ocellatus (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1840) – Bicoloured parrotfish; Perroquet à points rouges
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion; previously listed as C.
bicolor (non Rüppell, 1829) by Bruce & R andall (1984:
2 unnumbered pp).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in clear lagoon and seaward coral reefs,
at depths of 0–30 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to
Caroline and Gambier islands, south to Western Australia,
New Caledonia, and Tonga.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, PRL,
HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone
species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation
action.
Chlorurus enneacanthus (Lacepède, 1802) – Green parrotfish,
captain parrotfish; Perroquet (Réunion), perroquet capitaine
(France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as Scarus enneacanthus
by Bruce & R andall (1984: 2 unnumbered pp); previously
listed as S. capitanus by Guichenot (1863: C28); record con-
Neue Serie 2
firmed by Fricke (1999: 451–452), based on MHNRUN and
MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on shallow fringing coral reefs, usually
in areas with dead coral and rubble, at depths of 0–10 m.
Outside the area, Mozambique east to Maldives and Chagos
Archipelago.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
PRL, HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone
species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation
action.
Chlorurus japanensis (Bloch, 1789) – Pale bullethead parrotfish; Perroquet à joue pale
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as Scarus japanensis by
Bruce & R andall (1984: 2 unnumbered pp); previously listed as S. Blochii by Guichenot (1863: C28), and as Pseudoscarus viridis by Playfair & Günther (1867: XII); record
confirmed by Fricke (1999: 452), based on MHNRUN and
MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found on seaward coral and rocky reefs, usually on inner reefs with rich
coral habitat, at depths of 1–20 m. Outside the area, East
Africa east to Tonga, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to
Queensland/Australia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
PRL, HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone
species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation
action.
Chlorurus sordidus (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Bullethead
parrotfish, daisy parrotfish; Perroquet marguerite
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as Scarus sordidus by
Bruce & R andall (1984: 2 unnumbered pp); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 453–454), based on LEMUR and
MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Amirantes, Seychelles. Marine species.
Found in both coral-rich and open pavement areas of shallow
reef flats and lagoon and seaward coral and rocky reefs, as
well as along drop-offs; juveniles in coral rubble areas of
reef flats and lagoons; at depths of 1–50 m. Outside the area,
Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Hawaiian Islands and
Pitcairn Group, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands,
south to Western Australia, Lord Howe Island and Rapa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
PRL, HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone
species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation
action.
Chlorurus strongylocephalus (Bleeker, 1854) – Steephead parrotfish; Perroquet vert (Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 454),
based on SMNS material; previously listed as Pseudoscarus
striatus (non Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1839)
by Playfair & Günther (1867: XII), and as Scarus gibbus
(non Rüppell, 1829) by Bruce & R andall (1984: 2 unnumbered pp.).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in lagoon and seaward coral
reefs, at depths of 1–35 m. Outside the area, East Africa east
to southwestern Indonesia, north to Andaman Sea.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, PRL,
HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone
species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation
action.
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
Hipposcarus harid (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Candelamoa
parrotfish
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on a specimen
observed during a visual census, in the inner reef at SaintLeu, in 2007 (E. Tessier); authorship see Fricke (2008: 50).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Farquhar Islands, Amirantes, Seychelles.
Marine species. Found in coral reefs including the reef flat,
at depths of 0–25 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Java/Indonesia.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Leptoscarus vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) – Seagrass parrotfish, marbled parrotfish; Perroquet marbré
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fourmanoir & Guézé
(1961a: 18).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Farquhar Islands, Amirantes, Seychelles. Marine species. Found
in sheltered areas and lagoons, in seagrass areas or areas
with hard substrates with thick algal cover adjacent to coral
reefs, at depths of 1–15 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East
and South Africa east to Pitcairn, south to Western Australia, Lord Howe Island and Rapa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Scarus caudofasciatus (Günther, 1862) – Tail-barred parrotfish;
Perroquet à bandes rouges
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bruce & R andall
(1984: 2 unnumbered pp., pl. II); record confirmed by Fricke
(1999: 455–456), based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Amirantes. Marine species. Found on steep outer coral reef slopes, at depths
of 8–40 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa, south
to Mozambique, east to Maldives.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, PRL,
HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone
species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation
action.
Scarus falcipinnis (Playfair, 1868) – Greenbelly parrotfish; Perroquet faucille
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bruce & R andall
(1984: 2 unnumbered pp., pl. IV); record confirmed by Le
tourneur et al. (2004: 214).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on steep outer
coral reef slopes, at depths of 2–20 m. Outside the area, East
Africa east to Chagos Archipelago.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, PRL,
HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone
species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation
action.
Scarus frenatus Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1802 – Bridled parrotfish, vermiculate parrotfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1992:
40); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 457), based on
USNM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on exposed outer coral reefs,
sometimes in very shallow water; juveniles occur among
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coral and rubble of lagoon reefs; at depths of 1–20 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Line Islands
and Ducie/Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Shark Bay/Western Australia, Lord
Howe Island and Rapa.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, PRL,
HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone
species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation
action.
Scarus ghobban Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775 – Blue-barred parrotfish; Perroquet bleu (Réunion), perroquet à écailles jaunes
(France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as Callyodon ghobban by
Smith (1956: 10, pl. 43, fig. H); also described as C. speigleri
by Smith (1956: 14); record confirmed by Fricke (1999:
457–458), based on MNHN and SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Amirantes, Seychelles. Transitional water
and marine. Found in lagoon and seaward coral reefs, on
slopes and drop-offs; small juveniles inshore on algae reef
habitat; entering silty, murky environments; at depths of
1–36 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa
east to Panama, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western Australia, New South Wales/Australia, Lord Howe Island and Rapa.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, PRL,
HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone
species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation
action.
Scarus globiceps Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840
– Violet-lined parrotfish, roundhead parrotfish, globehead
parrotfish; Perroquet globeux
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bruce & R andall
(1984: 2 unnumbered pp.).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in coral reefs, more common
in outer coral reef habitats than in protected waters, at depths
of 1–12 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa east to
Wake, Line and Gambier islands, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to Shark Bay/Western Australia, Lord
Howe Island and Rapa.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, PRL,
HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone
species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation
action.
Scarus psittacus Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775 – Palenose parrotfish, common parrotfish; Perrouche (Réunion), perroquet
commun (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bruce & R andall
(1984: 2 unnumbered pp.); previously listed as S. venosus by
Guichenot (1863: C28); record confirmed by Fricke (1999:
459–460), based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on reef flats and in lagoon and seaward
reefs, over corals, at depths of 0–25 m. Outside the area, Red
Sea, East and South Africa east to Hawaiian and Marquesas
islands, north to southern Japan, south to Shark Bay/Western Australia, Lord Howe Island and Rapa.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, PRL,
HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone
species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation
action.
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stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
Scarus scaber Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840 –
Dusky-capped parrotfish; Perroquet marron (Réunion), perroquet à cinq celles (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C28);
subsequently listed as Callyodon oviceps by Fourmanoir &
Guézé (1961a: 19); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 461–
462), based on MHNRUN, MNHN and USNM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in shallow lagoon coral reefs,
in areas with dense coral cover, at depths of 1–20 m. Outside
the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Maldives
and Chagos Archipelago.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, PRL,
HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone
species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation
action.
T r i c h o n o t i d a e – Sand divers
Trichonotus setiger Bloch & Schneider, 1801 – Spotted sanddiver
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 462–
463).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species.
Found in steep sand slopes in large aggregations; hovers
above clean sandy bottoms, darts into the sand when disturbed; usually slightly silty habitat, at depths of 1–40 m.
Outside the area, Persian/Arabian Gulf and East Africa east
to Fiji, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Queensland/Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
U r a n o s c o p i d a e – Stargazers
Uranoscopus archionema Regan, 1921 – Stargazer
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 463),
based on MNHN material; previously listed by Fourmanoir
& Guézé (1962b: 5, fig. 4) as Uranoscopus sp. and U. oligolepis (non Bleeker, 1878).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species.
Found on sand bottoms near coral reefs, at depths of 30–
150 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Uranoscopus sulphureus Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1832 – White-margined stargazer
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur et al.
(2004: 205), based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found on reef flats and
sand bottoms near coral reefs, at 10–100 m. Outside the area,
Red Sea and East Africa east to Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
C r e e d i i d a e – Sand burrowers
Chalixodytes tauensis Schultz, 1943 – Sand dart
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion; previously listed by
Neue Serie 2
Fricke (1999: 463) as C. chameleontoculis, based on BPBM
and SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine
species. Found in shallow sand and gravel bottoms, including tidal pools, at depths of 0–10 m. Outside the area, South
and East Africa east to Marshall Islands and Pitcairn Group,
south to New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Limnichthys nitidus Smith, 1958 – Sand submarine
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 464),
based on SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in shallow sand and gravel
bottoms, including tidal pools, at depths of 0–10 m. Outside
the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa to Hawaiian Islands
and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan, south to Middleton Reef, Loyalty Islands, and Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
P i n g u i p e d i d a e – Sandsmelts, crocodilefishes
Parapercis hexophtalma (Cuvier [ex Ehrenberg] in Cuvier &
Valenciennes, 1829) – Speckled sandperch, spotted sand
smelt; Pinge pintade
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bleeker (1874: 78) as
P. hexophthalmus.
Distribution. Réunion, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Amirantes, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on
sand and rubble bottoms of shallow lagoon and protected
seaward coral reefs, at depths of 0–22 m. Outside the area,
Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Fiji and Tonga, possibly also Society Islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to
Western Australia, and Lord Howe Island.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Parapercis maculata (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) – Harlequin
sandsmelt, harlequin sandperch; Pinge arlequin
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 22),
based on MNHN material; previously listed by Fourmanoir
& Guézé (1963: 464) as P. pulchella.
Distribution. Réunion, Comores. Marine species. Found in shallow estuaries and protected coastal bays near coral reefs, at
depths of 1–25 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Indonesia, north to southern Japan.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Parapercis punctata (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1829) –
Réunion sandsmelt
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C24);
subsequently described as P. guezei by Fourmanoir (1966:
218–221, fig. 2); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 465),
based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Aldabra. Marine species. Found on coral
rubble bottom of coral reefs, at depths of 1–10 m. Endemic to
islands in the southwestern Indian Ocean.
Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: HAB,
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
EUT. Local importance. Rare. Sensitive to human activities.
Probable decline. High priority for conservation action.
Parapercis punctulata (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1829)
– Spotted sandperch, spotted sandsmelt
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bleeker (1874: 78).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles, Amirantes. Marine species. Found on rubble bottoms of coral reefs, at depths of 1–15 m. Outside the area,
East Africa south to Natal/South Africa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Parapercis robinsoni Fowler, 1929 – Barfaced sandperch, smallscale grubfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 466),
based on MNHN material; previously listed by Cuvier in
Cuvier & Valenciennes (1829a: 260–264) as P. nebulosa
(non Quoy & Gaimard, 1825).
Distribution. Réunion, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on rubble bottoms of coral
reef slopes, at depths of 6–55 m. Outside the area, Red Sea,
East and South Africa east to Pakistan.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
T r i p t e r y g i i d a e – Triplefins
Enneapterygius elegans (Peters, 1877) – Hourglass triplefin
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1994: 203–
208); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 467), based on
MNHN, SMF and SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Agalega Islands, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species.
Found on coralline rock, including tidal pools, at depths of
0–15 m. Outside the area, East Africa to Sri Lanka, Taiwan
to Ryukyu Islands, Cocos Keeling Islands, New Guinea and
New Caledonia to Samoa and Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Enneapterygius gruschkai Holleman, 2005 – Gruschka’s
triplefin
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on BPBM and
SMNS material; previously listed as Tripterygium cf. fasciatum by Harmelin-Vivien (1976: 100), and as ‘Enneapterygius sp. (to be described by Holleman & Fricke)’ by Fricke
(1999: 466).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found on rock bottoms, at
depths of 0–8 m. Outside the area, Chagos Archipelago.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT.
Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium
priority for conservation action.
Enneapterygius philippinus (Peters, 1869) – Minute triplefin
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1997: 274–
288); previously listed as Tripterygion minutus by Harme
lin-Vivien (1976: 100); record confirmed by Fricke (1999:
467), based on SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on coralline beach rock or
93
reef flats, including tidal pools, at depths of 0–8 m (rarely
below 2 m). Outside the area, east to Marshall Islands, Samoa, Tonga and Niue, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to
northwestern Australia, Queensland/Australia and New
Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT.
Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium
priority for conservation action.
Enneapterygius tutuilae Jordan & Seale, 1906 – High hat
triplefin
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 468).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Comores,
Amirantes, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species.
Found on coralline rock, associated with coral reefs, including tidal pools, at depths of 0–32 m. Outside the area, Red
Sea and East Africa east to Marshall, Line and Society islands, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to
Western Australia, Moreton Bay/Queensland, Australia,
New Caledonia, and Tonga.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant
decline. High priority for conservation action.
Helcogramma fuscopinna Holleman, 1982 – Blackfin triplefin
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 468–
469), based on SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Agalega Islands, Seychelles, Cargados
Carajos. Marine species. Found on coralline rock, associated
with coral reefs, including tidal pools, at depths of 0–10 m.
Outside the area, Gulf of Aden, East and South Africa east to
Maldives and Chagos Archipelago.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline.
High priority for conservation action.
Helcogramma obtusirostris (Klunzinger, 1871) – Hotlips
triplefin, Klunzinger’s triplefin
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 468–469,
as H. obtusirostre), based on SMNS material. The correct
species name is ‘obtusirostris’ as the gender of Helcogramma is feminine, based on the Greek γραμμή (line), not
γραμμα (letter) (see Eschmeyer & Fricke 2008).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found
on coralline rock, associated with coral reefs, including tidal
pools, at depths of 0–30 m. Outside the area, Ascension Island and Saint Helena, South and East Africa.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low
priority for conservation action.
C l i n i d a e – Klipfishes
Springeratus polyporatus Fraser, 1972 – Mascarene klipfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 469–
470), based on USNM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found in
rocky habitats among algae, including tidal pools, at depths
of 0–10 m. Endemic to western Mascarenes.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
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stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
B l e n n i i d a e – Blennies
Alticus monochrus (Bleeker, 1869) – Mascarene leaping blenny
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bath (1986: 355); listed
as Alticus kirkii (non Günther, 1868) by Fricke (1999: 470–
471), based on BPBM, MNHN and SMNS material; previously listed as Salarias alticus (non Valenciennes in Cuvier
& Valenciennes, 1836) by Guichenot (1863: C27), as S. tridactylus (non Bloch & Schneider [ex Forster], 1801) by
Playfair & Günther (1867: X), as Alticus saltatorius (non
Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1800) by Bleeker (1874: 74), and
as A. saliens (non Forster, 1788) by Smith (1959b: 239). Taxonomic decision of Bath (1986: 355).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar. Marine species. Found on rocks of the intertidal zone, at depths
of 0–1 m, often climbing out of the water. Endemic to islands
in the southwestern Indian Ocean.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT,
CON. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Antennablennius bifilum (Günther, 1861) – Horned rockskipper
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 99) as Croaltus bifilum; record confirmed by Fricke
(1999: 471), based on SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra. Marine species. Found on coralline rock,
including tidal pools, at depths of 0–15 m. Outside the area,
Persian Gulf, East and South Africa east to India.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Aspidontus dussumieri (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1836) – Floating blenny, lance blenny
Taxonomy. Original description from Réunion as Blennechis
dussumieri by Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes
(1836: 282–283); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 471–
472), based on MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Aldabra, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in coral reefs and rocky
areas, at depths of 1–20 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East
and South Africa east to Society and Tuamotu islands, north
to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western
Australia, northern New South Wales/Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Aspidontus tractus Fowler, 1903 – Mimic blenny
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 472),
based on SMNS material; previously listed as Petroscirtes
filamentosus (non Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1836) by Harmelin-Vivien (1976: 99), and as Aspidontus
taeniatus (non Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) by Letourneur
(1998: 282). Petroscirtes rostratus Bleeker [ex Solander],
1857 is an unused senior synonym.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Agalega Islands. Marine species. Found in coral reefs
and rocky areas, at depths of 1–20 m; mimics Labroides
dimidiatus. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: PRL,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Neue Serie 2
Blenniella chrysospilos (Bleeker, 1857) – Red-spotted blenny
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 472),
based on SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Alda
bra, Amirantes, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on reef
flats, often in exposed habitats, usually where algal growth
is prolific, at depths of 0–6 m, rarely below 2 m. Outside the
area, East Africa east to Society Islands, north to Ryukyu
Islands, south to Queensland/Australia, New Caledonia, and
Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB.
Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Blenniella cyanostigma (Bleeker, 1849) – Striped rockskipper
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 472–
473), based on SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra. Marine
species. Found on coastal reef flats, often in exposed habitats, usually where algal growth is prolific, at depths of
0–6 m, rarely below 2 m. Outside the area, East Africa east
to western Indonesia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB.
Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium
priority for conservation action.
Blenniella gibbifrons (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) – Picture rockskipper
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 473),
based on SMNS material; previously listed as Istiblennius
gibbifrons insolitus by H armelin-Vivien (1976: 99).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Agalega Islands, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on coastal reef flats, often in exposed habitats,
usually where algal growth is prolific, at depths of 0–1.5 m.
Outside the area, East Africa east to Hawaiian, Marquesas
and Ducie islands, with a gap in the Indo-Australian triangle.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB.
Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium
priority for conservation action.
Blenniella periophthalmus (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1836) – Blue-dashed rockskipper, bullethead rockskipper
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C27);
subsequently listed as Salarias meleagris (non Valenciennes
in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1836) by Playfair & Günther
(1867: X); record of Blenniella periophthalmus confirmed
by Fricke (1999: 473–474), based on MNHN and SMNS
material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Agalega Islands, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on coastal reef flats, often in exposed habitats,
usually where algal growth is prolific, at depths of 0–1.5 m.
Outside the area, East Africa east to Hawaiian, Marquesas
and Gambier islands.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB.
Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium
priority for conservation action.
Cirripectes castaneus (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1836) – Muzzled rockskipper, chestnut blenny
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Williams (1988: 27–
31); previously listed as C. variolosus (non Valenciennes in
Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1836) by Smith (1959b: 238); record
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
95
confirmed by Fricke (1999: 474–475), based on BPBM and
SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Agalega Islands, Seychelles, Cargados
Carajos. Marine species. Found on wave-swept algal ridges
of outer reef flats, or on rocky and coralline substrates, at
depths of 0–10 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South
Africa east to Kapingamarangi/Micronesia and Samoa,
north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to
Western Australia and New South Wales/Australia, Lord
Howe and Kermadec islands, and Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HOS,
HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable
decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Cirripectes polyzona (Bleeker, 1868) – Barred blenny
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1992:
unpag. 6); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 475), based on
SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on algal ridge and ridge
crests between surge channels of exposed seaward reefs, at
depths of 0–10 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa
east to Johnston, Line and Samoan islands, north to southern
Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western Australia,
New Caledonia, and Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Dodekablennos fraseri Springer & Spreitzer, 1978 – Fraser’s
blenny
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 477),
based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found in tidal
pools, at depths of 0–2 m. Endemic to western Mascarenes.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT,
CON. Local importance. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Cirripectes quagga (Fowler & Ball, 1924) – Squiggly blenny
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Williams (1988: 57–
60); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 475), based on BPBM
and SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Aldabra, Agalega Islands,
Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found on algal ridge and
crests between surge channels of exposed seaward coral
reefs, at depths of 0–19 m, usually shallow. Outside the area,
East and South Africa east to southern Great Barrier Reef/
Australia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Cirripectes randalli Williams, 1988 – Randall’s blenny
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 475–
476), based on SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Cargados Carajos. Marine
species. Found on volcanic rocks with some algal cover, at
depths of 0–5 m. Endemic to islands in the southwestern Indian Ocean.
Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: EUT.
Local importance. Sensitive to human activities. Probable
decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Cirripectes stigmaticus Strasburg & Schultz, 1953 – Reticulated
blenny, red-streaked blenny
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 476),
based on SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found on coastal reef flats
with rich coral and algae habitats, also on rocky and coralline structures, among Acropora and Pocillopora corals of
surf-swept algal ridge, at depths of 0–10 m. Outside the area,
East Africa east to Marshall Islands, Samoa and Tonga,
north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Western Australia, and
New Caledonia.
Damania anjouanae (Fourmanoir, 1955) – Anjouan blenny
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 476),
based on SMF material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on volcanic rocks including
tidal pools, at depths of 0–4 m. Endemic to islands in the
southwestern Indian Ocean.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT.
Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium
priority for conservation action.
Ecsenius lineatus Klausewitz, 1962 – Linear blenny
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by McK inney & Springer
(1976: 7); record questionably confirmed by Fricke (1999:
477–478), based on BPBM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found in
clear coastal to outer reef crests with rich coral growth, at
depths of 2–28 m. Outside the area, Maldives east to Philippines, north to southern Japan, south to northwestern Australia.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HOS,
HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant
decline. High priority for conservation action.
Ecsenius midas Starck, 1969 – Persian blenny
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur et al.
(2004: 205).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Seychelles. Marine species.
Found in coral reefs, from clear coastal to outer reef walls,
usually where currents are moderate, at depths of 1–40 m.
Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Marquesas
Islands.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline.
High priority for conservation action.
Enchelyurus kraussii (Klunzinger, 1871) – Krauss’ blenny
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 478),
based on SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Seychelles. Marine
species. Found among coral and rubble on reef flats and upper portion of seaward reefs, including tidal pools, at depths
of 0–10 m. Outside the area, Red Sea east to Mariana Islands
and Tonga, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to
southern Great Barrier Reef/Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Entomacrodus epalzeocheilos (Bleeker, 1859) – Fringelip rockskipper
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 479),
based on BPBM and SMNS material.
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stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar. Marine species. Found in exposed intertidal areas and the upper
subtidal, on rocks with algae, at depths of 0–3 m. Outside the
area, South and East Africa east to Easter Island, north to
Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
CON. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Entomacrodus lemuria Springer & Fricke, 2000 – Lemur blenny
Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by Springer &
Fricke (2000: 391, figs. 3–4), based on SMNS material; previously listed as Entomacrodus sp. by Fricke (1999: 478).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found in an
intertidal area with volcanic rocks partially covered with
algae, at depths of 0–1 m. Endemic to western Mascarenes.
Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: HAB,
CON. Local importance. Rare. Sensitive to human activities.
Probable decline. High priority for conservation action. Proposed for Annex II of the EU Habitats Directive.
Entomacrodus striatus (Valenciennes [ex Quoy & Gaimard] in
Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1836) – Pearly rockskipper
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Smith (1959b: 241);
previously listed as Salarias frenatus by Guichenot (1863:
C27); record of Entomacrodus striatus confirmed by
Fricke (1999: 479–480), based on MNHN and SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found
in the intertidal zone of lagoons and wave-swept seaward
reefs, at depths of 0–1 m. Outside the area, Red Sea east to
Wake Atoll and Pitcairn Group, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands and Minami Tori Shima, south to Western
Australia, Lord Howe Island and Rapa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
CON. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Exallias brevis (Kner, 1868) – Shortbodied blenny, leopard blenny, leopard rockskipper
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 99); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 480–481),
based on LEMUR and SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in clear
coastal reefs, often in bays and semi-exposed habitats,
among corals like Acropora, Pocillopora, Seriatopora, Porites, and Millepora where they feed on coral tissues; at
depths of 0–20 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Henderson Island/Pitcairn Group, south to Western Australia,
New Caledonia and Rapa.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HOS,
HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant
decline. High priority for conservation action.
Istiblennius bellus (Günther, 1861) – Imspringer
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Springer & Williams
(1994: 143–149); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 481),
based on MNHN and SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar. Marine species. Found in exposed rockpools or on
exposed rocky shores, at depths of 0–2 m. Outside the area,
South and East Africa east to Marquesas and Easter islands,
north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
Neue Serie 2
CON. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Istiblennius dussumieri (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1836) – Dussumier’s rockskipper
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C27)
as Blennioides Dussumieri.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found along
sheltered and semi-exposed rocky shorelines, at depths of
0–3 m. Outside the area, South and East Africa east to Society Islands, north to Taiwan, south to New South Wales/
Australia and Norfolk Island.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
CON. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Istiblennius edentulus (Schneider [ex Forster] in Bloch &
Schneider, 1801) – Rippled rockskipper
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 99); previously listed as Salarias quadricornis by
Guichenot (1863: C27); record confirmed by Fricke (1999:
482–483), based on MHNRUN, MNHN, SMNS and USNM
material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Farquhar Islands, Seychelles, Cargados
Carajos. Marine species. Found in rubble or rock areas, including tidal pools, at depths of 0–5 m. Outside the area, Red
Sea, East and South Africa east to Wake Atoll and Pitcairn,
north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to
Western Australia, New South Wales/Australia, Lord Howe
Island and Rapa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
CON. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Istiblennius spilotus Springer & Williams, 1994 – Rockskipper
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 99); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 483), based on
SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on exposed and
semi-exposed rocky shores, including tidal pools, at depths
of 0–5 m. Outside the area, Arabian Sea south to South Africa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
CON. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
*Mimoblennius lineathorax Fricke, 1999 – Lined-throat blenny
Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by Fricke (1999:
484–486, fig. 8), based on MNHN, SMNS and USNM material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found on exposed volcanic rocks covered with algae, at depths of 0–1.5 m. Endemic
to Réunion.
Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: HAB,
CON. Global importance. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Medium priority for conservation action.
Omobranchus fasciolatus (Valenciennes [ex Ehrenberg] in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1836) – Arab blenny
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 487),
based on SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar. Marine species. Found in
shallow rocky areas, including tidal pools, at depths of
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
0–3 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to
Pakistan.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
CON. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Petroscirtes mitratus Rüppell, 1830 – Highfin fangblenny, floral
fangblenny
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1992,
unpag. 6).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Amirantes, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos.
Marine species. Found in protected lagoons and reef flats
with algal and seagrass clumps, juveniles often in floating
Sargassum; at depths of 0–8 m. Outside the area, Red Sea
and East Africa east to Samoa and Tonga, north to Ryukyu
Islands, south to Perth/Western Australia, Queensland/Australia, and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Plagiotremus rhinorhynchos (Bleeker, 1852) – Twostripe blenny
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1998:
283).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in clear, coral-rich areas of
lagoon and seaward reefs, hiding in deserted worm tubes or
other small holes when alarmed; at depths of 0–40 m. Outside the area, South and East Africa east to Marshall, Society and Marquesas islands, north to southern Japan and
Ogasawara Islands, south to Western Australia, Lord Howe
Island and Tonga.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: PRL,
HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant
decline. High priority for conservation action.
Plagiotremus tapeinosoma (Bleeker, 1857) – Piano blenny
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1992:
53).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in clear
lagoon and seaward reefs; hiding in deserted worm tubes
when alarmed; at depths of 0–30 m. Outside the area, South
and East Africa east to Wake Atoll and Pitcairn Group, north
to central Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western
Australia, New South Wales/Australia, northern New Zealand and Rapa.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline.
High priority for conservation action.
Salarias fasciatus (Bloch, 1786) – Jewelled rockskipper
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bleeker (1874: 74);
record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 489), based on SMNS
material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Aldabra, Amirantes, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in areas of mixed coral, sand, and rubble, or on coralline rock, at
depths of 0–8 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa
east to Marshall Islands and Samoa, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Western Australia, New Caledonia, and Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
97
Stanulus seychellensis Smith, 1959 – Seychelles blenny
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 489),
based on SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Agalega Islands, Seychelles.
Marine species. Found in surge areas of exposed outer reef
flats and seaward reefs, at depths of 0–5 m. Outside the area,
Caroline Islands and eastern Australia east to Marshall Islands and Henderson/Pitcairn Group, north to southern Taiwan, south to Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Xiphasia setifer Swainson, 1839 – Snake blenny
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on a specimen
observed and photographed during a visual census, at SaintPaul, at 40 m depth, in 2005 (P. Durville).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species.
Found on open soft-bottom and mud habitats, at depths of
2–100 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa
east to Vanuatu, north to southern Japan.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
G o b i e s o c i d a e – Clingfishes
Lepadichthys minor Briggs, 1955 – Dwarf clingfish, minor
clingfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion and the Mascarenes by
Fricke (1999: 111), based on SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found on coral reef flats,
attached to coralline rock in lagoons, and in tidal pools, at
depths of 0–4 m. Outside the area, Indonesia to Cook Islands, south to New Caledonia and Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
C a l l i o n y m i d a e – Dragonets
Callionymus aagilis Fricke, 1999 – Slow dragonet
Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by Fricke (1999:
491–493, fig. 9), based on the holotype (MNHN 19660833).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius [new record by Fricke (2009:
170), based on BMNH 2002.6.30.1302]. Marine species.
Sand bottom, probably adjacent to rocks and corals, at depths
around 30 m, possibly also deeper. Endemic to western Mascarenes.
Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: FIB,
HAB, EUT. Local importance. Rare. Sensitive to human
activities. Probable decline. High priority for conservation
action.
Synchiropus stellatus Smith, 1963 – Starry dragonet
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion and the Mascarenes by
Fricke (1999: 494).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos.
Marine species. Found in protected reefs on rubble or algal
covered rocks, at depths of 5–40 m. Outside the area, East
and South Africa east to western Indonesia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
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E l e o t r i d a e – Sleepers
Butis butis (Hamilton, 1822) – Duckbill sleeper
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Sauvage (1891: 380–
381, pl. 41A, fig. 2); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 494),
based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos.
Freshwater, transitional water and marine. Found in brackish estuaries and lower reaches of freshwater streams, usually on mud bottoms; also in lagoons, particularly where
there is vegetation. Outside the area, East and South Africa
east to New Guinea, north to South China Sea, south to
northern Australia.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: EUT,
CON. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Eleotris fusca (Schneider [ex Forster] in Bloch & Schneider,
1801) – Dusky sleeper; Cabot noir (Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Blanc & Postel (1958:
370); previously listed as E. niger by Guichenot (1863: C27);
record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 494), based on MNHN
material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Freshwater, transitional water and marine. Found in lagoons, estuaries and freshwater; occurs in
the lower reaches of freshwater streams, usually on mud bottoms. Outside the area, Transkei/South Africa and East Africa east to Gambier and Marquesas islands, north to Ryukyu
Islands, south to New Caledonia and Rapa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT,
CON. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Eleotris mauritiana Bennett, 1832 – Widehead sleeper; Cabot
noir (Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Marquet et al. (1997:
30); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 495–496), based on
MHNRUN, MNHN and SAIAB material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Freshwater, transitional water and marine. Found in lagoons, estuaries and freshwater; occurs in
the lower reaches of freshwater streams, usually on mud bottoms. Outside the area, South and East Africa.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: EUT,
CON. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. Proposed for Annex II of the EU Habitats Directive.
Hypseleotris cyprinoides (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1837) – Tropical carp-gudgeon; Éléotris cyprin
(France)
Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by Valenciennes
in Cuvier & Valenciennes (1837: 248–249) as Eleotris cyprinoides; record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 496), based on
MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Freshwater and
transitional water. Found in lower reaches of freshwater
streams. Outside the area, east to New Guinea, north to Philippines, south to Queensland/Australia.
Conservation. Extinct in Réunion (RE); not found since 1822
(see K eith et al. 1999: 108). Threats: EUT, CON. Very sensitive to human activities. High priority for conservation action.
Ophiocara porocephala (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1837) – Flathead sleeper; Cabot marare (Réunion),
éléotris à tête poreuse (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C27)
as Eleotris porocephala.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles.
Freshwater, transitional water and marine. Found in brackish estuaries, river mouths and freshwater creeks, also in the
lower courses of rivers, often upstream from the tidal zone.
Outside the area, South and East Africa east to Fiji, north to
southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Queensland/
Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: EUT,
CON. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
G o b i i d a e – Gobies
Amblyeleotris aurora (Polunin & Lubbock, 1977) – Pinkbar
goby
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on specimens observed and photographed during a visual census, in the outer
and inner coral reef, in 2006 (A. Diringer, T. Mulochau, P.
Durville, T. Cadet).
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found on sand and rubble bottoms adjacent to coral reefs, in symbiosis with the
alpheid shrimp Alpheus randalli, at depths of 1–35 m. Outside the area, South Africa east to Andaman Sea.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Amblyeleotris latifasciata Polunin & Lubbock, 1979 – Broadband prawn-goby
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on specimens observed and photographed during a visual census, at SaintPaul, at 40 m depth, in Aug. 2008 (A. Diringer, T. Mu
lochau, P. Durville, T. Cadet).
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found on sand and rubble bottoms adjacent to coral reefs, in symbiosis with alpheid
shrimps, at depths of 10–40 m. Outside the area, east to Philippines.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Amblyeleotris periophthalma (Bleeker, 1853) – Periophthalma
prawn-goby
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on specimens observed and photographed during a visual census, in the outer
and inner coral reef, in 2006 (A. Diringer, T. Mulochau, P.
Durville, T. Cadet).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius (new record, based on USNM
347790–347791). Marine species. Found on sand and rubble
bottoms adjacent to coral reefs, in symbiosis with alpheid
shrimps, at depths of 5–35 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and
East Africa east to Samoa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Amblyeleotris steinitzi (Klausewitz, 1974) – Steinitz’s prawngoby
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on specimens observed and photographed during a visual census, on the
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
outer and inner coral reef, in Aug. 2008 (A. Diringer, T.
Mulochau, P. Durville, T. Cadet).
Distribution. Réunion, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on
sand and rubble bottoms adjacent to coral reefs, in symbiosis
with alpheid shrimps, at depths of 1–43 m. Outside the area,
Red Sea and East Africa east to Marshall and Samoan islands, north to Yaeyama Islands, south to Chesterfield Islands.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Amblyeleotris wheeleri (Polunin & Lubbock, 1977) – Gorgeous
goby
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 497),
based on underwater photographs.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Cargados Carajos.
Marine species. Found in rubble areas near or within coral
reefs and in symbiotic association with alpheid shrimps, at
depths of 3–40 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa
east to Marshall Islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to northwestern Australia and Great
Barrier Reef/Australia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HOS,
HAB, EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone
species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation
action.
Amblygobius semicinctus (Bennett, 1833) – Halfstreak goby
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on specimens observed and photographed during a visual census, on the
outer and inner coral reef, in 2006 (A. Diringer, T. Mu
lochau, P. Durville, T. Cadet).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Transitional
water and marine. Found in protected, silty lagoons and estuaries, at depths of 0–10 m. Outside the area, East Africa
east to eastern Indonesia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Low
priority for conservation action.
Amoya signata (Peters, 1855) – Tusk goby
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 498);
previously listed as Ctenogobius pavidus by Harmelin-Vivi
en (1976: 100).
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found on the reef crest
and in the lagoon adjacent to coral reefs, at depths of 0–3 m.
Outside the area, East Africa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Asterropteryx semipunctata Rüppell, 1830 – Starry goby, starryfin goby, blue-spotted goby
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 100); record confirmed as Asterropterix semipunctatus by Fricke (1999: 498–499), based on SMNS and USNM
material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found
on algal-coated reef rock and rubble of inner flats and turbid
coral reef lagoons, at depths of 0–12 m. Outside the area,
Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Wake Atoll, Hawaiian and Tuamotu islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western Australia, Lord Howe Island and Rapa.
99
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT.
Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Medium
priority for conservation action.
Awaous commersoni (Schneider in Bloch & Schneider, 1801) –
River goby, Commerson’s freshwater goby; Loche, cabot
(Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as Gobius commersonii
by Smith (1959a: 215); previously described as G. nigripinnis by Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes (1837: 101),
and listed as G. ocellaris (non Broussonet, 1782) by
Guichenot (1863: C27); record confirmed by Fricke (1999:
499–500), based on MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar. Freshwater and transitional water. Found in slow
to fast current waters from the estuary to 250 m altitude,
usually occurring in clear waters with sand, gravel or rock
bottom. Endemic to islands in the southwestern Indian
Ocean.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: EUT,
CON. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Proposed for Annexes II and IV of the EU Habitats Directive.
Bathygobius coalitus (Bennett, 1832) – White-spotted goby
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 500–
501), based on SMNS material; previously listed as Gobius
albopunctatus by Bleeker (1874: 500).
Distribution. Réunion, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in lagoon, rockpool and intertidal areas with coralline rock adjacent to sand or mud
areas, at depths of 0–3 m. Outside the area, East and South
Africa east to Hawaiian and Marquesas islands, north to
southern Japan, south to Queensland/Australia and New
Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
CON. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Decline unknown. Medium priority for conservation action.
Bathygobius cocosensis (Bleeker, 1854) – Cocos frillgoby
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 501),
based on SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Aldabra, Agalega Islands, Seychelles. Marine species. Found
among rubble, in sand pockets, or on coralline rock, abundant on silty intertidal reef flats, at depths of 0–5 m. Outside
the area, East and South Africa east to Pitcairn, north to
southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Queensland/
Australia, New Caledonia and Rapa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB.
Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Decline
unknown. Medium priority for conservation action.
Bathygobius cotticeps (Steindachner, 1880) – Cheek-scaled frillgoby
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 501),
based on SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Rodrigues. Marine species. Found in reef
and lagoon areas with rocks and gravel, including tidal
pools, at depths of 0–6 m. Outside the area, East and South
Africa east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to
southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Queens
land/Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB.
Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Medium priority for conservation action.
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Bathygobius cyclopterus (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1837) – Spotted frillgoby
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 502),
based on SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on intertidal seaward reef flats and adjacent reefs including tidal pools, in habitats with coralline
rock adjacent to gravel or sand, at depths of 0–10 m. Outside
the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Mariana and
Samoan islands, north to southern Japan, south to Western
Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
CON. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Bathygobius fuscus (Rüppell, 1830) – Dusky frillgoby
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Marquet et al. (1997:
30); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 502), based on SMNS
material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Freshwater, transitional water
and marine. Found in shallow rocky areas, often in tidal
pools; also in estuaries, and ascending into freshwater
streams; at depths of 0–6 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and
East Africa east to Wake, Gambier and Marquesas islands,
north to South Korea and southern Japan, south to Western
Australia, Queensland/Australia, Norfolk Island and Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT, CON. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Decline unknown. Medium priority for conservation action.
Bathygobius smithi Fricke, 1999 – Black minigoby
Taxonomy. Alternative name Bathygobius niger (Smith, 1960),
if the West African species Gobius nigri Günther, 1861 is not
in Bathygobius. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999:
502), based on SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found in shallow rocky
areas, often in pools of the intertidal zone, with rocks, gravel
and sand, at depths of 0–4 m. Outside the area, South Africa,
India to Sri Lanka.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
CON. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low
priority for conservation action.
Cabillus tongarevae (Fowler, 1927) – Tongareva goby
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 504),
based on SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius(?), Aldabra. Marine species.
Found on sandy bottoms of lagoon and seaward coral reefs,
at depths of 0.5–9 m. Outside the area, east to Hawaiian,
Line and Phoenix islands, north to southern Japan, south to
Western Australia, Chesterfield Islands, and Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Callogobius flavobrunneus (Smith, 1958) – Slimy goby
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 504),
based on SMNS material; previously listed as Mucogobius
sp. by Harmelin-Vivien (1976: 100).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Aldabra, Ami
rantes, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found
associated with lagoon and seaward reefs, usually under
coralline rocks or in caves, at depths of 0.5–5 m. Outside the
area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Chagos Archipelago.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
Neue Serie 2
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Callogobius sclateri (Steindachner, 1879) – Pacific goby
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 504–
505), based on SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores,
Amirantes, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in
crevices and caves of the coral reef, usually under loose debris, at depths of 0.5–35 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East
and South Africa east to Gambier and Marquesas islands,
north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to
Western Australia, Queensland/Australia, New Caledonia
and Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Cotylopus acutipinnis Guichenot, 1863 – Mascarene goby;
Cabot à bouche ronde, cabot de cascade, bichique, gobie
(Réunion)
Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion by Guichenot
(1863: C10–C11, C27); also described as C. parvipinnis by
Guichenot (1863: C11–C13, C27); Watson (1995: 65–68)
acted as the first reviewer chosing Cotylopus acutipinnis as
the senior synonym; record confirmed by Fricke (1999:
506–507), based on MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Freshwater, transitional water
and marine. Found in swift clear rainforest streams; hatching and larval stages in the sea, post-larvae and adults in
freshwater. Endemic to western Mascarenes.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB,
EUT, CON. Rare. Local importance. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High
priority for conservation action. Proposed for Annex II of
the EU Habitats Directive.
Cryptocentrus fasciatus (Playfair in Playfair & Günther, 1867)
– Barred prawn goby, Y-bar shrimp goby
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 507).
Distribution. Réunion, Rodrigues, Madagascar. Marine species.
Found on sand near patch reefs, in burrows with alpheid
shrimps, at depths of 1–20 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and
East Africa east to Indonesia and New Guinea, south to
Queensland/Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HOS,
HAB, EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone
species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation
action.
Eviota distigma Jordan & Seale, 1906 – Twospot pygmy goby
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 508),
based on SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on and among live corals in
lagoon and seaward reefs, at depths of 0–6 m. Outside the
area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Tuamotu Archipelago,
north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Western Australia, New
Caledonia and Austral Islands.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HOS,
HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant
decline. High priority for conservation action.
Eviota indica Lachner & Karnella, 1980 – Indian Ocean pygmy
goby
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 508),
based on SMNS material.
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found on and among live
corals in lagoon and seaward reefs, at depths of 0–5 m. Endemic to islands in the western Indian Ocean.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HOS,
HAB, EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Eviota nigripinna Lachner & Karnella, 1980 – Blackfin pygmy
goby
Taxonomy. Originally described in part from Réunion by Lach
ner & K arnella (1980: 37–39); record confirmed by Fricke
(1999: 509), based on BPBM and SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Agalega Islands.
Marine species. Found among live corals in exposed reefs, at
depths of 0–10 m. Outside the area, Maldives and Chagos
Archipelago. Endemic to islands in the western and central
Indian Ocean.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HOS,
HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant
decline. High priority for conservation action.
Eviota prasina (Klunzinger, 1871) – Green bubble goby
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 509–
510), based on SMNS material; previously listed as E. verna
by Harmelin-Vivien (1976: 100).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Agalega Islands, Amirantes, Seychelles,
Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found on coralline rock
of reef flats, lagoon and seaward reefs, at depths of 0–65 m,
including tidal pools. Outside the area, Red Sea and East
Africa east to Palau/Belau and Tuamotu Islands, north to
southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western
Australia, Lord Howe Island, and Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Eviota sebreei Jordan & Seale, 1906 – Striped pygmy goby
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 510),
based on SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Alda
bra, Amirantes, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found on and among live corals in exposed reefs, at
depths of 0.5–6 m. Outside the area, Red Sea east to Marshall and Samoan islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to
Western Australia, Queensland/Australia, New Caledonia
and Tonga.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HOS,
HAB, EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Fusigobius maximus (Randall, 2001) – Larger fusegoby
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on SMNS 21017
(1) and SMNS 21174 (1); previously listed by Harmelin-Vivi
en (1976: 100) as Fusigobius neophytus (non Günther, 1877),
and by Fricke (1999: 506) as Coryphopterus neophytus (non
Günther, 1877).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in coral reef lagoon habitats, at depths of 0–21 m. Outside the area, southern Red Sea, Oman and Sri Lanka east to eastern Indonesia,
Philippines and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
101
Glossogobius giuris (Hamilton, 1822) – Tank goby; Loche, gobie (Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bleeker (1874: 77) as
Gobius giuris; record confirmed as Glossogobius giuris by
Fricke (1999: 511–512), based on MHNRUN and MNHN
material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles.
Freshwater, transitional water and marine. Found mainly in
freshwater and estuaries, but may enter the sea; also found in
canals, ditches and ponds, in clear to turbid streams with
rock, gravel or sand bottoms. Outside the area, southern Red
Sea, East and South Africa east to Society Islands, north to
Philippines, south to Western Australia, New South Wales/
Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT, CON. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Glossogobius kokius (Valenciennes [ex Russell] in Cuvier &
Valenciennes, 1837)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C27)
as Gobius kokius. May be conspecific with Glossogobius
giuris.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Freshwater, transitional water
and marine. Found mainly in freshwater and estuaries, but
also enters the sea. Outside the area, India.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT, CON. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Gnatholepis anjerensis (Bleeker, 1851) – Anjer goby
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 512–
513), based on LEMUR, MNHN and SMNS material. Taxonomic decision of R andall & Greenfield (2007: 3–6).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Amirantes, Seychelles. Transitional water
and marine. Found in shallow coastal bays and estuaries on
silty sandy substrates, including coral reef lagoons, with
sparse algae or seagrass, at depths of 0–26 m. Outside the
area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Hawaiian, Marquesas and Tuamotu islands, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to Rowley Shoals/Western Australia,
Lord Howe Island and Rapa.
Conservation. Least concern in Réunion (LC). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Stable populations. Low
priority for conservation action.
Gnatholepis cauerensis (Bleeker, 1853) – Eyebar goby, shoulderspot goby
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 100) as Acentrogobius cauerensis; subsequently listed
by Fricke (1999: 512–513) as Gnatholepis scapulostigma,
based on SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Rodrigues, Comores, Agalega Islands.
Marine species. Found in sheltered sandy areas from reef
flats and lagoons to seaward coral reefs; over sandy bottoms
near pieces of rubble, rock, or coral, at depths of 0–30 m.
Outside the area, South and East Africa east to Wake, Marshall, Line and Gambier islands, north to Ogasawara Islands,
south to Western Australia, Lord Howe Island and Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Gobiodon citrinus (Rüppell, 1838) – Lemon coral goby
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
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(1976: 100); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 514), based
on MNHN and SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species.
Found associated with colonies of broadly branched corals
(Acropora spp.), at depths of 0–8 m. Outside the area, Red
Sea and East and South Africa east to Samoa and Tonga,
north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Queens
land/Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HOS,
HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant
decline. High priority for conservation action. Proposed for
Annex II of the EU Habitats Directive.
Gobiodon rivulatus (Rüppell, 1830) – Rippled coral goby
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 100); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 514), based
on SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Freshwater, transitional water and marine. Found associated with tabletop Acropora corals but also recorded from pools, freshwater streams or lagoon
mouths; at depths of 0–8 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East
and South Africa east to Wake and Gambier islands, north to
Ryukyu Islands, south to New Caledonia.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HOS,
HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant
decline. High priority for conservation action. Proposed for
Annex II of the EU Habitats Directive.
Hetereleotris apora (Hoese & Winterbottom, 1979) – Poreless
goby
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 514),
based on SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Cargados Carajos.
Marine species. Found associated with volcanic rocks,
mainly in tidal rockpools, at depths of 0–3 m. Outside the
area, South Africa to Chagos Archipelago.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT,
CON. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Hetereleotris georgegilli Gill, 1998 – Gill’s goby
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 515),
based on SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues. Marine species.
Found associated with volcanic rocks, including tidal rockpools, at depths of 0–10 m. Endemic to Mascarenes.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT,
CON. Local importance. Rare. Sensitive to human activities.
Probable decline. High priority for conservation action.
Hetereleotris kenyae Smith, 1958 – Kenya goby
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 515),
based on SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found associated with
coralline rock in lagoon reefs, including the reef flat, at
depths of 0–5 m. Outside the area, East Africa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT,
CON. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Hetereleotris margaretae Hoese, 1986 – Smoothscale goby
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 515),
based on SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found associated with
coralline rock in lagoon reefs, including the reef flat, at
Neue Serie 2
depths of 0–5 m. Outside the area, Sodwana Bay/South Africa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT,
CON. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Hetereleotris zanzibarensis (Smith, 1958) – Goggle goby
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 516),
based on SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found associated
with coralline rock in lagoon reefs, including the reef flat, at
depths of 0–4 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Maldives.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT,
CON. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Istigobius decoratus (Herre, 1927) – Decorated goby
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1991:
164); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 516–517), based on
LEMUR, SMNS and USNM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found on sand of clear lagoon and seaward coral and
rocky reefs, at depths of 0–20 m. Outside the area, Red Sea
and East Africa east to Rotuma and Tonga, north to southern
Japan, south to Lord Howe Island.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
?Myersina filifer (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1837)
– Filamentous goby
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as Gobius filifer by
Guichenot (1863: C27); recorded as Cryptocentrus filifer by
Fricke (1999: 507). The record from Réunion needs confirmation according to Winterbottom (2002: 70).
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found on soft bottoms.
Outside the area, Arabian/Persian Gulf east to Pakistan,
southern China north to Korea and Japan.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low
priority for conservation action.
*Oxyurichthys guibei Smith, 1959 – Guibé’s goby
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 517),
based on MNHN holotype which was erroneously described
by Smith (1959a: 215) from Mauritius.
Distribution. Réunion. Transitional water and marine. Found on
soft bottoms adjacent to coral reefs, including estuaries.
Endemic to Réunion.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Global importance. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. High priority for conservation action.
Paragobiodon echinocephalus (Rüppell, 1830) – Redhead coral
goby
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 100).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found among branches of live Stylophora coral,
at depths of 0–10 m. Outside the area, Red Sea east to Tuamotu and Marquesas islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south
to Queensland/Australia, Lord Howe Island, and Tonga.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HOS,
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
HAB, EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. Proposed for Annex II of the EU Habitats Directive.
Paragobiodon modestus (Regan, 1908) – Warthead goby
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 518),
based on SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Aldabra, Farquhar
Islands, Seychelles. Marine species. Found among the
branches of live Pocillopora corals, at depths of 0–9 m.
Outside the area, East Africa east to Marshall and Society
islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Lord Howe Island.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HOS,
HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant
decline. High priority for conservation action. Proposed for
Annex II of the EU Habitats Directive.
Periophthalmus kalolo Lesson, 1831 – Common mudskipper;
Cabot (Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur et al.
(2004: 205).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Transitional water or marine. Amphibious air-breather that spends most of
its time out of the water; able to meet its oxygen requirements as long as it stays wet; typically resting on mud, or
rocks, with their tails dipped in the water; at depths of
0–2 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Samoa.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB,
EUT, CON. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant
decline. High priority for conservation action. Proposed for
Annex II of the EU Habitats Directive.
103
area, Red Sea east to Wake Atoll and Pitcairn Group, south
to Western Australia, Norfolk, Tongan and Austral islands.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Sicyopterus lagocephalus (Pallas, 1770) – Bichique; Cabot
lézard, cabot à bouche ronde, bichique
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as Sicydium lagocephalum by Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes (1837: 174–
176); previously described as Gobius caeruleus Lacepède
[ex Commerson], 1800 by Lacepède (1800: 537, 560–561);
also described as Sicydium laticeps Valenciennes (Valenci
ennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1837: 177); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 522–523), based on MHNRUN and
MNHN material. Smith & Sparks (2007: 103–107) proposed
to suppress the name Gobius lagocephalus Pallas, 1770; this
proposal was objected by Kottelat et al. (2008: 57–60) and
others.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar. Freshwater, transitional water and marine. Found in fast-flowing
sections of clear rainforest streams over rocky bottoms, up
to 800 m altitude; hatching in freshwater, larval stage migrating to sea, postlarval stage to adult in freshwater. Outside the area, on islands east to French Polynesia.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT, CON. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone
species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation
action.
Pleurosicya micheli Fourmanoir, 1971 – Michel’s ghost goby
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 519),
based on SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Amirantes. Marine species. Found on
live hard corals, sometimes on the mantle of clams, and eggs
are usually laid on ascidians, at depths of 1–38 m. Outside
the area, east to Hawaiian Islands and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to New Caledonia.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HOS,
HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant
decline. High priority for conservation action.
Stenogobius polyzona (Bleeker, 1867) – Chinestripe goby; Cabot
rayé (Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as Gobius polyzona by
Blanc & Postel (1958: 370); record confirmed by Fricke
(1999: 523), based on MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Freshwater,
transitional water and marine. Found in freshwater streams
and rivers, preferring estuaries and slow-flowing water;
hatching and larval stages occur at sea. Outside the area,
endemic to islands in the southwestern Indian Ocean.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB,
EUT, CON. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant
decline. High priority for conservation action. Proposed for
Annex II of the EU Habitats Directive.
Priolepis cinctus (Regan, 1908) – Girdled goby, convict goby
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 520 as
Priolepis cincta), based on SMNS and USNM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Agalega
Islands, Aldabra, Farquhar Islands, Seychelles. Transitional
water and marine. Found in caves and crevices, also among
corals or rock, at depths of 0–78 m. Outside the area, Red
Sea east to Fiji and Tonga, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western Australia, Elizabeth and
Middleton reefs, and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Stonogobiops dracula Polunin & Lubbock, 1977 – Dracula
shrimp-goby
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on specimens observed and photographed during a visual census, at SaintPaul, at 40 m depth, in Aug. 2008 (A. Diringer, T. Mu
lochau, P. Durville, T. Cadet).
Distribution. Réunion, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on
sand and rubble bottoms adjacent to coral reefs, in symbiosis
with the alpheid shrimp Alpheus randalli, at depths of 15–
37 m. Outside the area, Maldives.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Priolepis semidoliata (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1837) – Half-barred goby
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Winterbottom & Bur
ridge (1993: 508–511); record confirmed by Fricke (1999:
521), based on SAIAB and SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Agalega Islands,
Seychelles. Marine species. Found in caves and crevices,
also among corals or rock, at depths of 0–30 m. Outside the
Valenciennea helsdingenii (Bleeker, 1858) – Twostripe goby,
railway glider
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 523).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found singly
but usually in pairs over silty flat sand patches, or rubble
substrates, on outer reefs at the bottom of coral or rocky
drop-offs, rarely in lagoons, at depths of 1–45 m. Outside the
area, East and South Africa east to Line and Marquesas is-
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lands, north to southern Japan, south to New South Wales/
Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Valenciennea sexguttata (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1837) – Sixspot goby, ladder glider
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1992: 53);
previously described from Réunion as Eleotris lantzii by
Thominot (1878: 256); record confirmed by Fricke (1999:
524), based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Aldabra, Agalega Islands, Farquhar Islands, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in silty or sandy areas
of lagoons and bays, usually in pairs and lives in a burrow
under rocks, at depths of 0–10 m. Outside the area, Red Sea
and East Africa east to Samoa and Tonga, north to Yaeyama
and Ryukyu islands, south to Western Australia and Queens
land/Australia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Valenciennea strigata (Broussonet [ex Forster], 1782) – Blue
streak goby, pennant glider
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Chabanet (1994: 241).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in clear outer lagoon and seaward coral or rocky
reefs, over hard bottoms as well as over sand and rubble;
usually in pairs, hovering near their burrow; at depths of
0–24 m. Outside the area, South and East Africa east to
Line, Society and Marquesas islands, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Lord Howe Island, and
Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Vanderhorstia ornatissima Smith, 1959 – Ornate prawn-goby
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on specimens observed and photographed during a visual census, in the inner
and outer coral reef, in 2006 (A. Diringer, T. Mulochau, P.
Durville, T. Cadet).
Distribution. Réunion, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species.
Found on sandy areas among seagrass and in silty lagoons
amongst rubble, in symbiosis with alpheid shrimps, at depths
of 0–15 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Marquesas
Islands, north to southern Japan, south to Rapa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
M i c r o d e s m i d a e – Microdesmids
Gunnellichthys curiosus Dawson, 1968 – Curious wormfish
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on specimens observed and photographed during a visual census, on the
outer and inner coral reef, in Aug. 2008 (A. Diringer, T.
Mulochau, P. Durville, T. Cadet).
Distribution. Réunion, Seychelles. Marine species. Found over
sand and rubble slopes or mud bottoms, takes refuge in burrows, at depths of 9–60 m. Outside the area, East Africa east
to Hawaiian and Society islands.
Neue Serie 2
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Nemateleotris decora Randall & Allen, 1973 – Elegant firefish
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on specimens observed and photographed during a visual census, on the
outer coral reef, in 2006 (A. Diringer, T. Mulochau, P. Dur
ville).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found on
sand and rubble bottom adjacent to coral reefs, at depths of
25–70 m. Outside the area, east to Samoa, north to Ryukyu
Islands, south to New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Nemateleotris magnifica Fowler, 1938 – Fire goby, fire dartfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as Nemateleotris magnificus by Harmelin-Vivien (1976: 100); record confirmed by
Fricke (1999: 525–526), based on SAIAB material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Agalega
Islands, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in upper portions
of outer coral or rocky reef slopes; hovers above the bottom
at depths of 6–70 m. Outside the area, South and East Africa
east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western Australia, New Caledonia and Austral Islands.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Ptereleotris evides (Jordan & Hubbs, 1925) – Blackfin dartfish,
scissortail
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by R andall & Hoese
(1985: 11–13); previously listed as Ptereleotris tricolor by
Harmelin-Vivien (1976: 101); record confirmed by Fricke
(1999: 526), based on BPBM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Agalega Islands,
Amirantes, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species.
Found in outer coral or rocky reef slopes, also inhabits lagoons and bays; hovers 1–2 m above the bottom at depths of
2–15 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa
east to Wake Atoll and Oeno/Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western Australia, New South Wales/Australia, Lord Howe Island and Rapa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Ptereleotris heteroptera (Bleeker, 1855) – Dartfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by R andall & Hoese
(1985: 16–17); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 526),
based on BPBM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Seychelles. Marine species.
Found in lagoons or bays, in passes, or on outer coral or
rocky reef slopes; over hard substrate as well as patches of
rubble or sand, usually at the base of the reef, at depths of
3–46 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa
east to Society and Marquesas islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to New South Wales/
Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
Ptereleotris zebra (Fowler, 1938) – Zebra dartfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 527).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Seychelles. Marine species.
Found in exposed seaward coral reefs in relatively shallow
water, over hard bottoms, at depths of 2–31 m. Outside the
area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Line and Marquesas
islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands,
south to New South Wales/Australia and Lord Howe Island.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
X e n i s t h m i d a e – Wrigglers
Xenisthmus africanus Smith, 1958 – Flathead wriggler
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 101).
Distribution. Réunion, Aldabra, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found on the sandy fringe of coral reefs, at depths of
2–10 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to
Philippines and New Guinea.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
E p h i p p i d a e – Batfishes
Platax orbicularis (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Orbicular batfish, circular spadefish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Maugé & Heemstra
(1984: 2 unnumbered pp.); previously listed as P. blochii by
Guichenot (1863: C26), and as P. vespertilio by Bleeker
(1874: 94); record of P. orbicularis confirmed by Fricke
(1999: 528–529), based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Transitional water and marine. Found in
shallow protected coastal waters to deep, somewhat silty
habitats; juveniles occur singly or in small groups among
inner sheltered lagoons while adults move out to open waters
over sandy areas of deep lagoons, channels, and seaward
coral reefs; at depths of 0–30 m. Outside the area, Red Sea,
East and South Africa east to Tuamotu Archipelago, north to
southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New Caledonia,
and Tonga. Introduced into West Atlantic waters off Florida,
USA.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
HAB, EUT, CON. Sensitive to human activities. Probable
decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Platax pinnatus (Linnaeus, 1758) – Dusky batfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 529),
based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Aldabra, Cargados Carajos. Transitional water and marine. Adults are found
solitary, under overhangs of steep outer coral reef slopes;
juveniles among inner sheltered reefs where they seek shelter in caves or under ledges; at depths of 2–30 m. Outside the
area, east to Solomon Islands.
Conservation. Extinct in Réunion (RE), according to Le
tourneur et al. (2004: 212). Threats: FIT, FIB, HAB, EUT,
CON. Sensitive to human activities. High priority for conservation action.
105
Platax teira (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Longfin batfish, longfin spadefish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Chabanet (1994: 239);
record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 529–530), based on
MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Transitional water and marine. Adults are found in sheltered bays as well as
deep offshore, associated with coral reefs; juveniles with
floating debris and form aggregations; at depths of 0–20 m.
Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to
Northern Marianas, Solomon and Loyalty islands, north to
southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western
Australia, Queensland/Australia and Norfolk Island.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
HAB, EUT, CON. Sensitive to human activities. Probable
decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
S i g a n i d a e – Spinefeet, rabbitfishes
Siganus argenteus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) – Silver rabbitfish,
streamlined spinefoot; Sigan vermiculé
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Woodland (1984b:
2 unnumbered pp.).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Aldabra. Marine species. Found on coastal and inner reef
slopes and lagoons, at depths of 0–40 m. Outside the area,
Red Sea and East Africa east to Wake Atoll and Pitcairn,
north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to
Western Australia, Queensland/Australia, New Caledonia
and Rapa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable
decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Siganus laqueus Bonde, 1934 – Star-spotted rabbitfish, brownspotted spinefoot; Sigan marguerite
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as S. stellatus laqueus by
Fricke (1999: 531); previously listed as S. stellatus (non
Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) by Woodland (1984b: 2 unnumbered pp.).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Amirantes, Seychelles. Transitional water
and marine. Found in coral reefs; juveniles enter weedy estuaries; at depths of 0–15 m. Outside the area, South and
East Africa east to Singapore.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Siganus luridus (Rüppell [ex Ehrenberg], 1829) – Squaretail rabbitfish, dusky spinefoot; Marguerite du large (Réunion), sigan sombre (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as Amphacanthus luridus
by Guichenot (1863: C27); subsequently described as Siganus spinus (non Linnaeus, 1758) by Fourmanoir & Guézé
(1961b: 13–14, fig. 7); record of S. luridus confirmed by
Fricke (1999: 530–531), based on BPBM and MHNRUN
material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar. Marine species. Found on hard bottom of compacted sand with
rock or coral debris associated with coral reefs, at depths of
0–40 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa, recently
immigrated into eastern Mediterranean through Suez Canal.
106
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Siganus sutor (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1835) –
African white-spotted rabbitfish, shoemaker spinefoot; Sigan cordonnier
Taxonomy. Originally described in part from Réunion as Amphacanthus sutor by Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenci
ennes (1835: 148–150); subsequently listed as Teuthis fus
cescens (non Houttuyn, 1782) by Bleeker (1874: 96), and as
Siganus oramin (non Schneider in Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
by Blanc & Postel (1958: 369); record of S. sutor confirmed
by Fricke (1999: 532–533), based on LEMUR and MNHN
material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in inshore areas
and inner reefs, often among seagrass, at depths of 5–50 m.
Outside the area, Gulf of Aden, East and South Africa east to
Chagos Archipelago.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Z a n c l i d a e – Moorish idols
Zanclus cornutus (Linnaeus, 1758) – Moorish idol; Cocher
blanc
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as Chaetodon cornutus by
Lacepède (1802: 453, 471–477); subsequently recorded as
Zanclus canescens by Letourneur (1991: 164); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 533–534), based on LEMUR,
MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Agalega Islands, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in turbid inner lagoons, reef flats, and clear
seaward rocky and coral reefs, at depths of 3–182 m. Outside
the area, East and South Africa east to Panama, north to
southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western
Australia, Lord Howe and Kermadec islands, and Rapa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
A c a n t h u r i d a e – Surgeonfishes, unicornfishes
Acanthurus blochii Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1835 – Tailring surgeonfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1991:
164); previously listed as A. annularis by Guichenot (1863:
C27).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Aldabra. Marine species. Found in outer lagoon and seaward
coral reefs, at depths of 1–12 m. Outside the area, Red Sea,
East and South Africa east to Hawaiian and Society islands,
north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to Lord Howe
Island.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Medium priority for conservation action. Banned
from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté
nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid
ciguatera poisoning.
Neue Serie 2
Acanthurus dussumieri Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1835 – Eyestripe surgeonfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by R andall (1984: 2 unnumbered pp.); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 535–536),
based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in deep coastal reef slopes
and outer reef walls, juveniles in algae on rocky reefs; at
depths of 4–131 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa
east to Hawaiian and Line islands, north to southern Japan
and Ogasawara Islands, south to Rowley Shoals/Western
Australia, Lord Howe Island and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown.
Medium priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/
SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Acanthurus guttatus Bloch & Schneider [ex Forster], 1801 –
White-spotted surgeonfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C27);
record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 536), based on MHNRUN
material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues. Marine species.
Found in the surge zone of clear seaward coral reefs, at
depths of 0–6 m. Outside the area, Maldives and Chagos
Archipelago east to Hawaiian, Marquesas and Tuamotu islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to New Caledonia and
Rapa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable
decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Banned
from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté
nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid
ciguatera poisoning.
Acanthurus leucosternon Bennett, 1833 – Powder-blue surgeonfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fourmanoir & Guézé
(1962b: 9); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 536–537),
based on observations by P. Durville and E. Tessier.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in clear coral reefs,
usually found on reef flats and along upper seaward slopes,
at depths of 0–25 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa
east to Indonesia.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant
decline. High priority for conservation action. Banned from
commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 062412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid cigua
tera poisoning.
Acanthurus lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758) – Lined surgeonfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 101); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 537), based
on a visual record (at Boucan-Canot, 1999).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Europa Island, Comores,
Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in
clear coral reefs, usually found on reef flats and along upper
seaward slopes, at depths of 0–25 m. Outside the area, East
and South Africa east to Hawaiian, Marquesas and Tuamotu
islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands,
south to southern Great Barrier Reef/Australia and New
Caledonia.
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant
decline. High priority for conservation action. Banned from
commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 062412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid cigua
tera poisoning.
Acanthurus mata Russell in Cuvier, 1829 – Elongate surgeonfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as A. mataa by HarmelinVivien (1976: 101); subsequently recorded as A. bleekeri by
R andall (1984: 2 unnumbered pp.); record confirmed by
Fricke (1999: 534, 538) as A. bleekeri and A. mata.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species.
Found on steep slopes, often in turbid waters, generally in
the vicinity of coral reefs or rocky bottoms, at depths of
3–100 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa
east to Tuamotu and Marquesas islands, north to southern
Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Queensland/Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown.
Low priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/
DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Acanthurus nigricauda Duncker & Mohr, 1929 – Epaulette surgeonfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1991:
164); previously recorded as Acanthurus gahm (non Forsskål
in Niebuhr, 1775) and A. nigricans (non Linnaeus, 1758) by
Fourmanoir & Guézé (1962b: 9); record confirmed by Fricke
(1999: 538–539), based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in clear lagoon
and seaward coral and rocky reefs around isolated coral
heads; prefers sandy bottoms of bays and lagoons, at depths
of 0–30 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa east to
Tuamotu Islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Queens
land/Australia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown.
Low priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/
DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Acanthurus nigrofuscus (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Dusky
surgeonfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Valenciennes in Cu
vier & Valenciennes (1835: 214–215); subsequently recorded
as A. orbicularis (non Valenciennes [ex Quoy & Gaimard] in
Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1835) by Guichenot (1863: C27), as
A. lineolatus by Fourmanoir & Guézé (1962b: 9), and as A.
elongatus by Harmelin-Vivien (1976: 101); record confirmed
by Fricke (1999: 539–540), based on LEMUR, MHNRUN,
MNHN and SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on hard
substrates of shallow lagoon and seaward coral and rocky
reefs, at depths of 0–25 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East
and South Africa east to Hawaiian and Tuamotu islands,
north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to
Lord Howe Island, New Caledonia and Rapa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
107
Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action.
Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to
Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to
avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Acanthurus polyzona (Bleeker, 1868) – Black-barred surgeonfish
Taxonomy. Originally described in part from Réunion by Blee
ker (1868c: 277–278) as Rhombotides polyzona; record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 540–541), based on BPBM,
MNHN, SMNS and USNM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Mayotte, Madagascar. Marine species. Found on rocky reefs subjected to
cool upwelling waters, including tidal pools, at depths of
0–10 m. Endemic to islands in the southwestern Indian
Ocean.
Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Local importance. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion
due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a),
as to avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Acanthurus tennentii Günther, 1861 – Lieutenant surgeonfish,
doubleband surgeonfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by R andall (1984: 2 unnumbered pp.); previously recorded as A. olivaceus (non
Bloch & Schneider [ex Forster], 1801) by Fourmanoir &
Guézé (1962b: 9).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in lagoon and seaward coral and rocky reefs, at depths of 1–25 m.
Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Sri
Lanka and western Indonesia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/
SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Acanthurus thompsoni (Fowler, 1923) – Chocolate surgeonfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1998:
283).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Seychelles. Marine species.
Found on steep outer coral and rocky reef slopes and dropoffs, over coral and sand, at depths of 4–119 m. Outside the
area, East and South Africa east to Hawaiian, Marquesas
and Ducie islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara
Islands, south to New Caledonia and Rapa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/
SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Acanthurus triostegus (Linnaeus, 1758) – Convict surgeonfish;
Cordonnier (Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C27);
record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 542–543), based on
LEMUR, MHNRUN, MNHN, SMNS and USNM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Agalega Islands, Seychelles, Cargados
Carajos. Marine species. Found in lagoon and seaward reefs
with hard substrate; juveniles abundant in tide pools; at
depths of 0–90 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Pan-
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stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
ama, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south
to Lord Howe, Kermadec, Rapa and Ducie islands.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Decline unknown. Medium priority for conservation action.
Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to
Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to
avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Acanthurus xanthopterus Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1835 – Yellowfin surgeonfish; Chirurgien (Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C27);
also described as A. gahmoides by Guichenot (1863: C8–C9,
C27); subsequently listed as A. matoides by Bleeker (1874:
97), and A. fuliginosus by Fourmanoir & Guézé (1962b: 9);
record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 543–544), based on
MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in various coral
reef habitats, sand slopes and lagoons, at depths of 0–100 m.
Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to
Panama, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands,
south to Queensland/Australia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/
SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Ctenochaetus striatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) – Striated surgeonfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 101); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 544–545),
based on LEMUR, MNHN and USNM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on reef
flats and in lagoon and seaward reefs, over coral, rock, pavement, or rubble substrates, at depths of 3–30 m. Outside the
area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Tuamotu Archipelago,
north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to
southern Great Barrier Reef/Australia and Rapa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to
Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to
avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Ctenochaetus truncatus Randall & Clements, 2001 – Goldring
bridletooth
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by R andall & Clements
(2001: 25); previously recorded as Acanthurus strigosus (non
Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) by Bleeker (1874: 96); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 545) as Ctenochaetus strigosus (non
Quoy & Gaimard, 1825), based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra. Marine species. Found among inner reef
crests and slopes, usually near large coral heads or in gutters, at depths of 1–21 m. Outside the area, East and South
Africa east to Indonesia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to
Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to
avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Neue Serie 2
Naso brachycentron (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1835) – Humpback unicorn
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1998:
283); previously recorded as N. rigoletto by Harmelin-Vivi
en (1976: 101).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found in
deep coral reef, on seaward coral reef slopes, and on rocky
shores, at depths of 1–20 m. Outside the area, East and South
Africa east to Marquesas and Society islands, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia, New Caledonia and
Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/
SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Naso brevirostris (Cuvier, 1829) – Spotted unicornfish, palefin
unicornfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C27)
as Naseus brevirostris; record confirmed by Fricke (1999:
546), based on MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Agalega Islands, Seychelles. Marine species. Found
benthopelagic along steep seaward reef drop-offs, also along
rocky shores, at depths of 1–122 m. Outside the area, Red
Sea, East and South Africa east to Galapagos Archipelago,
north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to
Lord Howe Island.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/
SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Naso elegans (Rüppell, 1829) – Indian Ocean orangespine unicornfish
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion; previously listed as N.
lituratus (non Bloch & Schneider [ex Forster], 1801) by
Fourmanoir & Guézé (1962b: 9); record confirmed as N.
lituratus by Fricke (1999: 547), based on MHNRUN and
MNHN material. Naso lituratus (Bloch & Schneider [ex
Forster], 1801) is restricted to the Pacific Ocean (see R an
dall 2002: 84).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in areas of coral, rock, or
rubble of lagoon and seaward reefs, at depths of 0–90 m.
Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to
western Indonesia, excluding the northern Indian Ocean.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/
SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Naso hexacanthus (Bleeker, 1855) – Sleek unicornfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by R andall (1984: 2 unnumbered pp); previously listed as N. tapeinosoma by
Harmelin-Vivien (1976: 101); record confirmed by Fricke
(1999: 547), based on MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine
species. Found in clear lagoon reefs and seaward reef slopes,
at depths of 6–150 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East
Africa east to Hawaiian, Marquesas and Ducie islands, north
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Lord
Howe Island.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable
decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Banned
from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté
nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid
ciguatera poisoning.
Naso thynnoides (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1835)
– Oneknife unicornfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 101); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 548), based
on BPBM and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Seychelles. Marine species.
Found in steep outer lagoon and seaward coral reef slopes, at
depths of 2–40 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Caroline Islands.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable
decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Banned
from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté
nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid
ciguatera poisoning.
Naso tuberosus Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801 – Humpnose
unicornfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 101); previously listed as N. tuber by Guichenot (1863:
C27).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in coral
reefs, at depths of 2–40 m. Outside the area, East Africa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable
decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Banned
from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté
nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid
ciguatera poisoning.
Naso unicolor (Günther [ex Liénard], 1861) – Slender unicornfish; Licorne (Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Biais & Taquet (1992:
75) as Naso minor; previously listed as Axinurus dipeltis and
A. leptopeltis [nomina nuda] by Guichenot (1863: C27).
Naso minor was placed in the synonymy of N. unicolor by
Fricke (1999: 549); R andall (2001: 171) disagreed and treated N. unicolor as indeterminable.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found on
coastal to outer coral reef slopes, at depths of 8–50 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Philippines.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable
decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Banned
from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté
nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid
ciguatera poisoning.
Naso unicornis (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) – Bluespine unicornfish; Licorne (Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Playfair & Günther
(1867: IX) as Naseus unicornis; previously listed as Naseus
fronticornis by Guichenot (1863: C27); record confirmed by
Fricke (1999: 549–550), based on LEMUR, MHNRUN and
MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in channels,
109
moats, lagoon and seaward coral and rocky reefs with strong
surge, at depths of 1–180 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East
and South Africa east to Hawaiian, Marquesas and Tuamotu
islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands,
south to Lord Howe Island and Rapa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/
SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Naso vlamingi (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1835)
– Bignose unicornfish; Nason zébré
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur et al.
(2004: 205).
Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species.
Found in mid-water aggregations along seaward coral reefs,
at depths of 1–50 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to
Line, Marquesas and Tuamotu islands, north to southern Japan, south to southern Great Barrier Reef/Australia and New
Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to
Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to
avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Paracanthurus hepatus (Linné, 1766) – Palette surgeonfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 101); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 550–551),
based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in clear, current-swept terraces of seaward reefs; observed in loose aggregations 1–2 m
above the bottom; juveniles and subadults typically in groups
near isolated Pocillopora coral heads; at depths of 2–40 m.
Outside the area, East and South Africa east to Marshall and
Line islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to southern Great Barrier Reef/Australia, New
Caledonia and Samoa.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIB,
HAB, EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to
Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to
avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Zebrasoma gemmatum (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1835) – Gem surgeonfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1992:
53).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar. Marine species. Found in coral and rocky reefs, juveniles in reef
lagoons; at depths of 1–61 m. Outside the area, East and
South Africa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/
SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Zebrasoma scopas (Cuvier, 1829) – Brushtail tang
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1991:
164); previously listed as Harpurus rhombeus (non Kittlitz,
110
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
1834) and H. Rüppelli by Bleeker (1874: 97), and as Zebrasoma flavescens (non Bennett, 1828) by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 102); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 551–553),
based on LEMUR and SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in clear, currentswept terraces of seaward reefs; observed in loose aggregations 1–2 m above the bottom; juveniles and subadults typically in groups near isolated Pocillopora coral heads; at
depths of 2–40 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa
east to Tuamotu Archipelago, north to southern Japan and
Ogasawara Islands, south to Lord Howe and Rapa islands.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline.
High priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/
SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Zebrasoma velifer (Bloch, 1795) – Desjardin’s sailfin tang
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C27)
as Acanthurus velifer; subsequently listed as Zebrasoma
veliferum by Fourmanoir & Guézé (1962b: 9); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 554–555), based on LEMUR and
MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in lagoon and seaward reefs from the lower surge
zone; solitary juveniles found among rocks or coral of shallow protected, sometimes turbid reefs; at depths of 0–30 m.
Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Hawaiian
and Tuamotu islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to southern Great Barrier Reef/Australia, New Caledonia and Rapa.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIB,
HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant
decline. High priority for conservation action. Banned from
commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 062412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid cigua
tera poisoning.
S p h y r a e n i d a e – Barracudas
Sphyraena acutipinnis Day, 1876 – Sharp-fin barracuda
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 555);
previously described as S. obtusata (part: non Cuvier in
Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1829) by Cuvier in Cuvier & Va
lenciennes (1829a: 350–352).
Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar. Marine species. Found in
lagoon and seaward reefs, at depths of 0–20 m. Outside the
area, East and South Africa east to Hawaiian, Marquesas
and Tuamotu islands, north to southern Japan.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline.
High priority for conservation action.
Sphyraena barracuda (Catesby [ex Edwards], 1771) – Great barracuda; Barracuda (Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fourmanoir & Guézé
(1963: 17); previously described as S. Dussumieri by Valen
ciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes (1831: 508–509); record
confirmed by Fricke (1999: 555), based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar.
Transitional water and marine. Juveniles occur in estuaries
and shallow sheltered inner reef areas; adults are found in a
Neue Serie 2
wide range of habitats from murky inner harbours to open
seas; at depths of 1–100 m. Outside the area, in all tropical
oceans except the eastern Pacific.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, FIB,
HAB, EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to
Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to
avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Sphyraena obtusata Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1829 –
Yellowstripe barracuda; Bécune (Réunion), bécune obtuse
(France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Cuvier in Cuvier &
Valenciennes (1829a: 350–352, part), supported by Douichi
& Nakabo (2005: 137–143); subsequently listed as S. obtusa
by Bleeker (1874: 79), as S. chrysotaenia (non Klunzinger,
1884) by Sylvia & Williams in Smith & Heemstra (1986:
723), and as S. Commersoni by Blanc & Postel (1958: 368–
373); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 556–557), based on
MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Transitional water and marine. Found in bays and
estuaries, in seagrass beds and rocky reefs, at depths of 10–
120 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east
to Samoa, north to southern Japan and Korea, south to Lord
Howe Island.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low
priority for conservation action.
G e m p y l i d a e – Snake mackerels
Gempylus serpens Cuvier, 1829 – Snake mackerel
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Nakamura (1984a:
2 unnumbered pp.).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Oceanic;
adults migrate to the surface at night while larvae and juveniles are found near the surface during the day; at depths of
0–600 m. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical, subtropical and temperate oceans.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, FIB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Lepidocybium flavobrunneum (Smith, 1843) – Escolar
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Nakamura (1984a:
2 unnumbered pp.).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues. Marine species.
Found over the continental slope; migrates upward at night,
at depths of (0–)200–885 m. Outside the area, worldwide in
tropical and subtropical oceans.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, FIB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Prometichthys prometheus (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1832) – Roudi escolar
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C26)
as Gempylus prometheus.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores. Marine species.
Found on continental and island slopes, migrates to midwater at night, at depths of 80–800 m. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical and warm temperate oceans.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Rexea promethoides (Bleeker, 1856) – Royal escolar
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Nakamura & Parin
(1993: 48–49); previously listed by Fourmanoir & Guézé
(1967: 55–56) as R. solandri (non Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1832).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Benthopelagic, at depths of 135–540 m. Outside the area, East Africa
east to Fiji and Tuvalu, north to southern Japan, south to
northern Australia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
111
Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus, 1758 – Cutlassfish; Poisson sabre
commun (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fourmanoir & Guézé
(1963: 8–9); previously listed as T. savala (non Cuvier, 1829)
by Guichenot (1863: C26); record confirmed by Fricke
(1999: 559–560), based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Benthopelagic, at depths of 0–350 m. Outside the area, worldwide in
tropical and temperate waters.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low
priority for conservation action.
S c o m b r i d a e – Mackerels and tunas
Ruvettus pretiosus Cocco, 1833 – Oilfish; Rouvet (Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fourmanoir & Guézé
(1967: 56); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 558–559),
based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores. Marine
species. Benthopelagic or pelagic, over the continental shelf,
sometimes in oceanic waters; usually solitary or in pairs
near the bottom, at depths of 100–800 m. Outside the area, in
all tropical, subtropical and temperate oceans.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Acanthocybium solandri (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1831) – Wahoo; Thon banane (Réunion), thazard-batard
(France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fourmanoir & Guézé
(1963: 6).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar. Marine species. Pelagic, at depths of 0–12 m. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical and temperate oceans.
Conservation. Critically endangered in Réunion (CR). Threats:
FIT, PRL, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Severe decline. High priority for conservation
action. Proposed for Annex V of the EU Habitats Directive.
Thyrsitoides marleyi Fowler, 1929 – Black snoek; Escolier gracile (Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fourmanoir & Guézé
(1967: 55); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 559), based on
MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores. Marine species.
Mesobenthopelagic, at depths of 0–400 m. Outside the area,
East and South Africa east to Vanuatu, north to southern
Japan, south to New South Wales/Australia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Allothunnus fallai Serventy, 1948 – Slender tuna; Thon élégant
(France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Collette (1984: 2 unnumbered pp.).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues. Marine species.
Pelagic, at depths of 0–20 m. Outside the area, worldwide in
oceans between 20°S and 50°S.
Conservation. Critically endangered in Réunion (CR). Threats:
FIT, PRL, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Severe decline. High priority for conservation
action.
T r i c h i u r i d a e – Cutlassfishes
Benthodesmus elongatus (Clarke, 1879) – Elongate frostfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Durville et al. (submitted).
Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar Ridge. Marine species.
Benthopelagic, juveniles mesopelagic, at depths of 178–
950 m. Outside the area, temperate oceans of the southern
hemisphere.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low
priority for conservation action.
Evoxymetopon poeyi Günther, 1887 – Poey’s scabbardfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Nakamura & Parin
(1993: 88–89).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Benthopelagic, at depths of 0–400 m. Outside the area, southern Japan
to Kyushu-Palau Ridge.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low
priority for conservation action.
Auxis rochei (Risso, 1810) – Bullet tuna
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Collette & Nauen
(1983: 29–30); recorded by Fricke (1999: 563) as A. rochei
rochei.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Pelagic, at
depths of 1–20 m. Outside the area, in tropical and warm
temperate waters of the Atlantic, Indian and West Pacific
oceans.
Conservation. Critically endangered in Réunion (CR). Threats:
FIT, PRL, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Severe decline. High priority for conservation
action. Proposed for Annex V of the EU Habitats Directive.
Auxis thazard (Lacepède, 1800) – Frigate tuna; Thazard
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Collette & Nauen
(1983: 30–31); recorded by Fricke (1999: 563) as A. thazard
thazard.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species.
Pelagic, at depths of 20–50 m. Outside the area, in tropical
and warm temperate waters of the Atlantic, Indian and West
Pacific oceans.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, PRL,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Severe decline. High priority for conservation action.
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stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
Euthynnus affinis (Cantor, 1850) – Eastern little tuna; Bonite la
côte (Réunion), thonine orientale (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Biais & Taquet (1992:
16, 74); previously listed as Thynnus thunnina (non Cuvier,
1829) by Guichenot (1863: C26) as Euthynnus yaito by
Blanc & Postel (1958: 369), and as E. alletteratus (non
Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1810) by Fourmanoir & Guézé (1963:
4); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 563), based on
MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Pelagic, at depths of 0–200 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa east to Panama, north to
Ogasawara Islands, south to northern Australia.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, PRL,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Severe decline. High priority for conservation action. Proposed for Annex V of the EU Habitats Directive.
Gymnosarda unicolor (Rüppell, 1836) – Dogtooth tuna; Thon
dents à chien (Réunion), bonite à gros yeux (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Blanc & Postel (1958:
369, 370, 373); subsequently listed as G. nuda by Four
manoir & Guézé (1963: 4).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores. Marine
species. An offshore species mainly found around coral
reefs, at depths of 10–100 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East
and South Africa east to French Polynesia, north to southern
Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to New Caledonia and
Rapa.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, FIB,
PRL, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone
species. Severe decline. High priority for conservation action.
Katsuwonus pelamis (Linnaeus, 1758) – Skipjack tuna; Bonite
kalou (Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fourmanoir & Guézé
(1963: 4).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues. Marine species.
Pelagic offshore, at depths of 0–260 m. Outside the area,
worldwide in tropical and subtropical oceans.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, PRL,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Severe decline. High priority for conservation action.
Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier [ex Russell], 1816) – Indian
mackerel; Macquereau des Indes
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 564–
565), based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species.
Found in coastal bays, harbours and deep lagoons, usually in
some turbid plankton-rich waters, at depths of 20–90 m.
Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to
Samoa, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to northwestern Australia.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, PRL,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Severe decline. High priority for conservation action.
Sarda orientalis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844) – Striped bonito;
Bonite (Réunion), bonite oriental (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 565);
previously listed as Pelamys sarda (non Bloch, 1793) by
Guichenot (1863: C26).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Coastal pelagic, at depths of 1–167 m. Outside
Neue Serie 2
the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Panama,
north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, PRL,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Severe decline. High priority for conservation action. Proposed for Annex V of the EU Habitats Directive.
Scomberomorus commerson (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1800)
– King mackerel; Thon blanc (Réunion), thazard rayé
(France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C26)
as Cybium Commersonii; record confirmed by Fricke (1999:
565–566), based on MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Pelagic, from shallow water to edge
of continental shelf, at depths of 10–70 m. Outside the area,
Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Palau/Belau and Fiji,
north to Korea and southern Japan, south to New South
Wales/Australia, New Caledonia and Lord Howe Island, recently immigrated into eastern Mediterranean through Suez
Canal.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: FIT, PRL,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Severe decline. High priority for conservation action. Proposed for Annex V of the EU Habitats Directive.
Thunnus alalunga (Bonnaterre, 1788) – Albacore; Thon batard
(Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fourmanoir & Guézé
(1963: 6) as Germo alalungà; previously listed by Guichenot
(1863: C26) as Thynnus vulgaris (non Cuvier in Cuvier &
Valenciennes, 1832), and by Playfair & Günther (1867: X)
as Thynnus thynnus (non Linnaeus, 1758).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues. Marine species.
Oceanic, pelagic, at depths of 0–600 m. Outside the area,
worldwide in tropical and subtropical waters.
Conservation. Critically endangered in Réunion (CR). Threats:
FIT, PRL, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Severe decline. High priority for conservation
action. Proposed for Annex V of the EU Habitats Directive.
Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterre, 1788) – Yellowfin tuna; Thon
jaune (Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Collette (1984: 2 unnumbered pp.); previously listed by Fourmanoir & Guézé
(1963: 6) as Neothunnus macropterus; record confirmed by
Fricke (1999: 566), based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Oceanic, pelagic, at
depths of 0–250 m. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical
and subtropical waters.
Conservation. Critically endangered in Réunion (CR). Threats:
FIT, PRL, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Severe decline. High priority for conservation
action. Proposed for Annex V of the EU Habitats Directive.
Thunnus obesus (Lowe, 1839) – Bigeye tuna; Thon gros yeux
(Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Collette (1984: 2 unnumbered pp.); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 566–567),
based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues. Marine species.
Oceanic, pelagic, at depths of 0–250 m. Outside the area,
worldwide in tropical and subtropical water.
Conservation. Critically endangered in Réunion (CR). Threats:
FIT, PRL, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Key-
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
stone species. Severe decline. High priority for conservation
action. Proposed for Annex V of the EU Habitats Directive.
X i p h i i d a e – Swordfishes
Xiphias gladius Linnaeus, 1758 – Swordfish; Espadon
(Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Nakamura (1984c:
2 unnumbered pp.) and Biais & Taquet (1992: 16, 74).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues. Marine species.
Pelagic, at depths of 0–800 m. Outside the area, worldwide
in tropical and temperate waters.
Conservation. Threatened migrant in Réunion (TM). Threats:
FIT, PRL, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. Highly migratory species, listed on Annex I of
the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea (Anonymus
1994).
I s t i o p h o r i d a e – Sailfishes
Istiompax indicus (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1832) –
Black marlin; Makaire noir
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fourmanoir & Guézé
(1963: 4) as Istiompax indicus. Taxonomic decision of Col
lette et al. (2006: 465).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar. Marine species. Pelagic, at depths of 0–915 m. Outside the area,
worldwide in tropical and subtropical waters.
Conservation. Threatened migrant in Réunion (TM). Threats:
FIT, PRL, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. Highly migratory species, listed on Annex I of
the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea (Anonymus
1994).
Istiophorus platypterus (Shaw & Nodder [ex Shaw], 1792) –
Sailfish; Voilier (Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Nakamura (1984b:
2 unnumbered pp.) and Biais & Taquet (1992: 16, 74, Xiphias platypterus); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 560),
based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Seychelles. Marine species. Pelagic, at depths of 0–200 m. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical and subtropical waters.
Conservation. Threatened migrant in Réunion (TM). Threats:
FIT, PRL, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. Highly migratory species, listed on Annex I of
the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea (Anonymus
1994).
Kajikia audax (Philippi, 1887) – Striped marlin; Marlin rayé
(Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fourmanoir & Guézé
(1963: 1, pl. 1, fig. 2) as Makaira audax. Taxonomic decision
of Collette et al. (2006: 465).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues. Marine species.
Pelagic, at depths of 0–1830 m. Outside the area, Red Sea
and East Africa east to Panama.
Conservation. Threatened migrant in Réunion (TM). Threats:
FIT, PRL, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conser-
113
vation action. Highly migratory species, listed on Annex I of
the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea (Anonymus
1994).
Makaira nigricans Lacepède, 1802 – Blue marlin; Marlin bleu
(Réunion), makaire bleu (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Nakamura (1984b: 2
unnumbered pp.); previously listed as M. nigricans (non
Lacepède, 1802) by Fourmanoir & Guézé (1963: 1, pl. 1,
fig. 2); record confirmed as Makaira mazara by Fricke
(1999: 561), based on MHNRUN material. Taxonomic decision of Collette et al. (2006: 465).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues. Marine species.
Pelagic, at depths of 0–200 m. Outside the area, tropical,
subtropical and temperate waters of the Indo-Pacific.
Conservation. Threatened migrant in Réunion (TM). Threats:
FIT, PRL, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. Highly migratory species, listed on Annex I of
the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea (Anonymus
1994).
Tetrapturus angustirostris Tanaka, 1914 – Shortbill spearfish;
Marlin rostre court (Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Nakamura (1984b:
2 unnumbered pp.) and Biais & Taquet (1992: 74).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues. Marine species.
Pelagic, at depths of 0–1830 m. Outside the area, antiequatorial in tropical and subtropical waters of the Indo-Pacific,
straying into the southeastern Atlantic.
Conservation. Threatened migrant in Réunion (TM). Threats:
FIT, PRL, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. Highly migratory species, listed on Annex I of
the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea (Anonymus
1994).
N o m e i d a e – Driftfishes
Cubiceps capensis (Smith, 1845) – Cape fathead
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on a specimen collected by local fishermen, off Saint-Paul, at 350 m depth, in
2006 (P. Durville, E. Tessier, T. Mulochau).
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Pelagic, at depths of
0–350 m. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical and temperate oceans.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown.
Low priority for conservation action.
Cubiceps whiteleggii (Waite, 1894) – Indian driftfish; Dérivant
indien
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion; previously listed by
Haedrich & Nzioka (1984: 2 unnumbered pp.) as Psenes
squamiceps, by Fricke (1999: 562) as P. squamiceps, and by
Letourneur et al. (2004: 205) as Cubiceps sp., based on
MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues. Marine species.
Found on deep water on the continental slope, at depths of
250–800 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa east to
Japan, south to eastern Australia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low
priority for conservation action.
114
Neue Serie 2
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
O s p h r o n e m i d a e – Gouramis
Osphronemus goramy Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801 –
Gourami; Gouramier (Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Lacepède (1801: 117–
121), locality erroneously given as Isle de France/Mauritius;
previously described by Commerson (1767–1771a: “Faun.
Borb. 127, Le poisson Gourami”) from Saint-Denis; sub
sequently described as Osphronemus olfax by Cuvier in
Cuvier & Valenciennes (1831: 377–387), locality again erroneously given as Isle de France/Mauritius; record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 568–569), based on MHNRUN
material.
Distribution. Réunion (introduced in the mid 17th century), Mauritius (introduced). Freshwater species. Found naturally in
swamps, lakes and rivers with vegetation, introduced for
aquaculture purposes. Outside the area, originally limited to
Sumatera, Borneo and Java, the Malay Peninsula, Thailand
and Indochina.
Conservation. Not evaluated in Réunion (NE). Not native of
Réunion. No conservation action in favour of this species
advisable.
Trichogaster trichopterus (Pallas, 1770) – Threespot gourami
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Valade (2008: 3).
Distribution. Réunion (introduced). Freshwater species. Found
in marshes, swamps and canals. Outside the area, originally
Southeast Asia. Introduced into tropical freshwater habitats.
Conservation. Not evaluated in Réunion (NE). Not native of
Réunion. No conservation action in favour of this species
advisable.
C a p r o i d a e – Boarfishes
Antigonia capros Lowe, 1843 – Deepbody boarfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur et al.
(2004: 204). Also MHNRUN material (Durville et al. submitted).
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Adults are found close to
bottom while juveniles occur in mid water; at depths of 50–
900 m. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical and subtropical oceans.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
EUT. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action.
soft bottoms, at depths of 250–450 m. Outside the area, East
and South Africa east to Maldives, questionably Taiwan.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low
priority for conservation action.
S a m a r i d a e – Crested flounders
Samaris costae Quéro, Hensley & Maugé, 1989 – Costa’s crested
flounder
Taxonomy. Original description from Réunion by Quéro et al.
(1989: 105–107); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 572),
based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found on soft bottoms,
at depths of 90–227 m. Known only from Réunion.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
EUT. Global importance. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Medium priority for conservation action.
B o t h i d a e – Lefteyed flounders
Bothus mancus (Broussonet, 1782) – Peacock flounder; Sole
(Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1992:
99); previously listed as Rhombus Bourboniensis (nomen
nudum) and R. lunatus (non Linnaeus, 1758) by Guichenot
(1863: C29); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 570–571),
based on MHNRUN, MNHN and SMNS material. Desout
ter et al. (2001: 346) consider Rhombus Bourboniensis as
unidentifiable, and not identical with Bothus mancus.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found
on sand bottoms near coral reefs, at depths of 1–100 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Mexico,
north to Ryukyu, Ogasawara and Hawaiian islands, south to
Lord Howe, Rapa and Ducie islands.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, EUT.
Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low priority for conservation action.
Antigonia rubescens (Günther, 1860) – Indo-Pacific boarfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Durville et al. (submitted), based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Benthopelagic, at depths
of 50–750 m. Outside the area, India east to Philippines,
north to Japan, south to Western Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
EUT. Sensitivity to human activities unknown. Decline unknown. Low priority for conservation action.
Bothus pantherinus (Rüppell, 1830) – Leopard flounder; Sole
(Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fourmanoir & Guézé
(1962b: 1); subsequently listed as B. mancus (non Broussonet, 1782) by Chabanet (1994: 242); record confirmed by
Fricke (1999: 571), based on LEMUR, SMNS and USNM
material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on sand bottoms
near coral reefs, at depths of 1–100 m. Outside the area, Red
Sea, East and South Africa east to Hawaiian, Marquesas and
Society islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Lord Howe Island.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: FIT, EUT.
Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low priority for conservation action.
P l e u r o n e c t i d a e – Flounders
S o l e i d a e – Soles
Poecilopsetta natalensis Norman, 1931 – African righteye
flounder
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 572),
based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar. Marine species. Found on
Aseraggodes diringeri (Quéro, 1997) – Diringer’s sole
Taxonomy. Original description from Réunion as Pardachirus
diringeri by Quéro (1997: 320–323); record confirmed by
Fricke (1999: 572), based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found on
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
sand bottoms in coral reef environments, at depths of 0–35 m.
Outside the area, East and South Africa east to Chagos Archipelago.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
HAB, EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable
decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Aseraggodes guttulatus Kaup, 1858
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Chabanaud (1931:
301).
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found on sand bottoms.
Outside the area, Maldives east to South China Sea.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Pardachirus pavoninus (Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1802) –
Peacock sole
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C29)
as Achirus marmoratus; record confirmed by Fricke (1999:
573–574), based on MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species.
Found on sand and mud bottoms of lagoon and seaward
reefs, at depths of 1–40 m. Outside the area, East Africa east
to Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to Onslow/Western
Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Soleichthys tubifera (Peters, 1877) – Mascarene tubesole
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 574–
575), based on MHNG material; previously described as
Solea borbonica by R egan (1905: 393, pl. 6, fig. 2).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Demersal on
soft bottoms. Endemic to western Mascarenes.
Conservation. Near threatened in Réunion (NT). Threats: FIT,
EUT. Local importance. Rare. Sensitive to human activities.
Probable decline. High priority for conservation action.
C y n o g l o s s i d a e – Tongue soles
Cynoglossus lachneri Menon, 1977 – Lachner’s tonguesole
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Quéro (1997: 327); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 575), based on MNHN
material.
Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar. Marine species. Demersal
on shallow sand or mud bottoms, at depths of 1–15 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIT,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Symphurus ocellatus Bonde, 1922 – Doublespot tonguesole
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Quéro & Maugé (1989:
393); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 576), based on
MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Bathydemersal on soft bottoms, at
depths of 430–640 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, Gulf of
Oman, East and South Africa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Medium priority for conservation action.
115
B a l i s t i d a e – Triggerfishes
Abalistes stellatus (Lacepède [ex Commerson] in Anonymus,
1798) – Starry triggerfish; Bourse mulet (Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Biais & Taquet (1992:
75); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 576–577), based on
MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Transitional water and marine. Found on
mud and silt sand bottoms; adults on deep coral reef slopes
and usually seen swimming high above the bottom, sometimes found in estuaries; juveniles in sheltered coastal bays
and estuaries with outcrops of rubble or debris on open substrates; at depths of 1–350 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East
and South Africa east to Palau/Belau, Fiji and Tonga, north
to southern Japan, south to New South Wales/Australia; also
eastern tropical Atlantic.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to
Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to
avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Balistapus undulatus (Park, 1797) – Orange-striped triggerfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1991:
164); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 577), based on
MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Agalega Islands. Marine species. Found in
coral-rich areas of seaward reefs, at depths of 1–50 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Line,
Marquesas and Tuamotu islands, north to southern Japan
and Ogasawara Islands, south to New Caledonia.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to
Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to
avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Balistoides conspicillum (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) – Clown
triggerfish; Bourse piastre, bourse pièce (Réunion), baliste
léopard, baliste clown (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C31)
as Balistes conspicillum; subsequently listed as Balistoides
conspiculum by Biais & Taquet (1992: 75); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 578), based on MHNRUN and
MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Alda
bra, Agalega Islands, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in
clear seaward coral and rocky reefs adjacent to steep dropoffs, at depths of 1–75 m. Outside the area, East and South
Africa east to Samoa, north to southern Hokkaido/Japan and
Ogasawara Islands, south to Lord Howe Island.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to
Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to
avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Balistoides viridescens (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) – Titan triggerfish; Bourse jaune (Réunion), baliste verdâtre (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Biais & Taquet (1992:
116
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
45); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 578–579), based on
MHNRUN, MNHN and SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in lagoon and seaward reefs and sheltered inner coral and rocky reef slopes;
juveniles often associated with isolated patches of branching
coral or rubble of shallow sandy protected areas, including
tidal pools; adults occur singly or in pairs on the slopes of
deep lagoon or seaward reefs; at depths of 0–50 m. Outside
the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to Wake Atoll and
Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to New South Wales/Australia and Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to
Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to
avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Canthidermis maculata (Bloch, 1786) – Rough triggerfish;
Bourse (Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bleeker (1874: 10) as
Balistes (Canthidermis) maculatus; previously listed by
Guichenot (1863: C31) as B. angulosus; record confirmed by
Fricke (1999: 579), based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar. Marine species. Epipelagic
in shallow coastal and offshore waters, at depths of 1–110 m.
Outside the area, worldwide in tropical and temperate
oceans.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/
DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Melichthys indicus Randall & Klausewitz, 1973 – Indian Ocean
triggerfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 579);
previously listed as Balistes (Balistapus) niger (non Bloch,
1786) by Bleeker (1874: 71, in part).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine
species. Found on coral-rich seaward coral reef slopes, at
depths of 2–30 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South
Africa east to Sumatera/Indonesia.
Conservation. Critically endangered in Réunion (CR). Threats:
HAB, EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial exploitation in La
Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus
2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Melichthys niger (Bloch, 1786) – Black triggerfish; Balistes
noir
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C31)
as Balistes niger.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra. Marine species. Found in clear seaward coral reefs,
on inner and outer reef crests, usually near the slope or dropoff to deeper water; at depths of 0–75 m. Outside the area,
worldwide in tropical and subtropical oceans.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to
Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to
avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Neue Serie 2
Melichthys vidua (Richardson [ex Solander], 1845) – Pinktail
triggerfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 102).
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found in seaward coral
reefs with rich invertebrate growth, at depths of 4–60 m.
Outside the area, East and South Africa east to Hawaiian,
Line, Marquesas and Gambier islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Great Barrier Reef/
Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to
Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to
avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Odonus niger (Rüppell, 1836) – Redtooth triggerfish; Bourse
noire (Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Hutchins (1984: 2 unnumbered pp.); previously described by Commerson (1767–
1771b: “Faun. Borb. No. 13, Le Bourse noire de l’île de
Bourbon”); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 580–581),
based on MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in current-swept seaward coral and
rocky reefs, at depths of 5–40 m. Outside the area, Red Sea,
East and South Africa east to Marquesas and Society islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south
to southern Great Barrier Reef/Australia, and Tonga.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to
Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to
avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Pseudobalistes flavimarginatus (Rüppell, 1829) – Yellowface
triggerfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1992: 40,
83).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar. Transitional water and marine. Found in coastal to inner coral
and rocky reefs and estuaries, often in silty habitats, at
depths of 2–50 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South
Africa east to Marshall and Tuamotu islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Great Barrier
Reef/Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to
Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to
avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Pseudobalistes fuscus (Lacepède [ex Commerson] in Bloch &
Schneider, 1801) – Blue triggerfish, rippled triggerfish;
Bourse (Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1992:
40); previously described as Balistes reticulatus by Hollard
(1854: 312); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 582–583),
based on MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in clear
shallow lagoons and seaward coral and rocky reefs; sandy
areas near reef patches of reef edge are preferred; at depths
of 5–50 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
east to Marshall and Tuamotu islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to southern Great Barrier
Reef/Australia.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to
Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to
avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Rhinecanthus aculeatus (Linnaeus, 1758) – Picassofish; Bourse
revolver (Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C31)
as Balistes aculeatus; record confirmed by Fricke (1999:
583–584), based on MNHN and SMNS material. Also
MHNRUN material (Durville et al. submitted).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in subtidal reef flats and shallow protected coral reef lagoons, at
depths of 0–50 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East Africa
east to Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Lord Howe Island.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT.
Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium
priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial
exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/
DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Rhinecanthus cinereus (Bonnaterre [ex Commerson], 1788) –
Mask picassofish; Bourse (Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C31)
as Balistes cinereus and B. arcuatus; record confirmed by
Fricke (1999: 584), based on MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar. Marine species. Found in lagoon and rocky reef habitats, at
depths of 1–50 m. Outside the area, Maldives.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT.
Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium
priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial
exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/
DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Rhinecanthus rectangulus (Lacepède [ex Commerson] in Bloch
& Schneider, 1801) – Wedge picassofish; Bourse (Réunion),
picasso noir (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Blanc & Postel (1958:
369); previously listed as Balistes assasi (non Forsskål in
Niebuhr, 1775) by Guichenot (1863: C31); record confirmed
by Fricke (1999: 585), based on MNHN and SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in algal reefs and
shallow outer coral reefs subject to surge, at depths of
0–20 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to
Pitcairn Group, north to Izu and Ogasawara islands, south to
Lord Howe and Kermadec islands.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/
DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poisoning.
117
Sufflamen bursa (Lacepède [ex Commerson] in Bloch &
Schneider, 1801) – Boomerang triggerfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bleeker (1874: 71) as
Balistes (Balistapus) bursa; record confirmed by Fricke
(1999: 586), based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in clear inner and outer coral
and rocky reef habitats from exposed algae reef flats to deep
along drop-offs, at depths of 3–90 m. Outside the area, East
and South Africa east to Wake Atoll and Pitcairn Group,
north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to
southern Great Barrier Reef/Australia, New Caledonia and
Rapa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to
Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to
avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Sufflamen chrysopterum (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) – Halfmoon
triggerfish; Baliste double-queue
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 102) as Hemibalistes chrysoptera; record confirmed
by Fricke (1999: 586–587) as Sufflamen chrysopterus, based
on MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Europa Island,
Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in
coastal to outer coral and rocky reefs, from silty lagoons to
pristine outer reef walls, at depths of 1–30 m. Outside the
area, East and South Africa east to Samoa, north to southern
Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Lord Howe Island.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to
Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to
avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Sufflamen fraenatum (Latreille, 1804) – Masked triggerfish;
Bourse (Réunion), baliste masqué (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C31)
as Balistes frenatus; record confirmed by Fricke (1999:
586–587) as Sufflamen fraenatus, based on MHNRUN and
MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues. Marine species.
Found on coastal coral and rocky reefs, often in silty habitats
and in lagoons on open sand, at depths of 8–186 m. Outside
the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Hawaiian
Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan and
Ogasawara Islands, south to Lord Howe Island.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to
Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to
avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Xanthichthys auromarginatus (Bennett, 1832) – Gilded triggerfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by R andall et al. (1978:
696–698); previously described as Balistes gutturosus by
Hollard (1854: 63–65), and as B. calolepis by Hollard
(1854: 67–69); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 588),
based on MNHN material.
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stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found in
current-swept seaward drop-offs and ledges with rich invertebrate growth, at depths of 8–150 m. Outside the area, Chagos Archipelago east to Hawaiian Islands, north to Ryukyu
Islands, south to southern Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Keystone species.
Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to
Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to
avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Xanthichthys lineopunctatus (Hollard, 1854) – Lined triggerfish; Bourse (Réunion)
Taxonomy. Originally described from Réunion as Balistes lineopunctatus by Hollard (1854: 65–67), and listed as B.
(Parabalistes) ringens (non Linnaeus, 1758) by Bleeker
(1874: 70); recorded as Xanthichthys lima by Fricke (1999:
589), based on MHNRUN and MNHN material. Balistes lima Bennett, 1832 is an unused senior synonym. Observed at
Saint-Paul, at 150 m depth, in 2006 (T. Mulochau, P. Dur
ville).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores. Marine species.
Found on coastal reefs and rocky coasts, at depths of
5–150 m. Outside the area, antiequatorial, southeastern Africa.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Keystone species. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to
Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to
avoid ciguatera poisoning.
M o n a c a n t h i d a e – Leatherjackets
Aluteres monoceros (Linnaeus, 1758) – Unicorn leatherjacket;
Bourse loulou
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur et al.
(2004: 205).
Distribution. Réunion, Seychelles. Marine species. Occasionally
in shallow water by steep drop-offs in coral and rocky reefs;
solitary or in pairs; juveniles are pelagic, seen under floating
objects; at depths of 1–50 m. Outside the area, circumtropical.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Aluteres scriptus (Osbeck, 1765) – Scrawled leatherjacket
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Bleeker (1874: 71);
previously listed as Aleuteres laevis by Guichenot (1863:
C31); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 590), based on
MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar. Marine species. Found in lagoon and seaward coral and rocky
reefs, occasionally under floating objects; juveniles may
travel with weed rafts in open ocean for a long time; at
depths of 3–120 m. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical
and subtropical seas.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Amanses scopas (Cuvier, 1829) – Broom filefish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
Neue Serie 2
(1976: 102); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 590–591),
based on LEMUR material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in clear coastal to outer reefs, usually in
rich coral areas with rubble patches or gutters, at depths of
1–18 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to
Hawaiian and Tuamotu islands, north to southern Japan and
Ogasawara Islands, south to southern Great Barrier Reef/
Australia.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline.
High priority for conservation action.
Cantherhines dumerilii (Hollard, 1854) – Barred filefish; Bourse
à taches blanches
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Hutchins & Tyler
(1984a: 2 unnumbered pp.); previously listed as Amanses
sandwichiensis (non Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) by Blanc &
Postel (1958: 369); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 591),
based on MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores. Marine
species. Found in offshore coral and rocky reefs, at depths of
1–35 m. Outside the area, Red Sea and East Africa east to
Mexico, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands,
south to Lord Howe, Rapa and Ducie islands.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Cantherhines fronticinctus (Günther in Playfair & Günther,
1867) – Spectacled filefish; Bourse à lunette
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Hutchins & R andall
(1982: 176–179); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 591–
592), based on BPBM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar. Marine species. Found in seaward reefs, usually in rich coral
with various other mixed-invertebrate habitat, at depths of
0–43 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa east to Marshall Islands and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to
northwestern Australia.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline.
High priority for conservation action.
Cantherhines pardalis (Rüppell, 1837) – Honeycomb filefish;
Bourse rayon de miel
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Hutchins & Tyler
(1984a: 2 unnumbered pp.); record confirmed by Fricke
(1999: 592), based on LEMUR and MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar. Marine species. Found in outer coral and rocky reef slopes, often in silty habitat, sometimes with drifting seagrass, at
depths of 0–20 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South
Africa east to Marquesas Islands and Pitcairn Group, north
to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Lord
Howe and Rapa islands.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Oxymonacanthus longirostris (Bloch & Schneider [ex Seba],
1801) – Harlequin filefish; Poisson lime à taches oranges
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 102); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 592–593),
based on LEMUR material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in clear lagoon
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
and seaward reefs with live Acropora corals, at depths of
1–30 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Samoa, north to
Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to southern Great
Barrier Reef/Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga.
Conservation. Critically endangered in Réunion (CR). Threats:
PRL, HAB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Severe
decline. High priority for conservation action. Proposed for
Annex II of the EU Habitats Directive.
Paraluteres prionurus (Bleeker, 1851) – Blacksaddle mimic;
Faux poisson coffre
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1992:
40); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 593–594), based on
LEMUR and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found in
clear lagoon and seaward coral and rocky reefs, at depths of
1–25 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa east to Marshall Islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Great Barrier Reef/Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Paramonacanthus pusillus (Rüppell, 1829) – Pygmy filefish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 594),
based on SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found on rocky or coral
reefs, at depths of 1–73 m. Outside the area, East and South
Africa east to Sri Lanka.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Pervagor aspricaudus (Hollard, 1854) – Orangetail filefish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Chabanet (1994: 242);
previously listed as P. melanocephalus (non Bleeker, 1853)
by Harmelin-Vivien (1976: 102); record confirmed by Fricke
(1999: 594), based on SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar. Marine species. Found in clear lagoon and seaward
coral and rocky reefs, at depths of 1–25 m. Outside the area,
antiequatorial in Indo-West Pacific, east to Hawaiian Islands.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Pervagor janthinosoma (Bleeker, 1854) – Blackbar filefish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1991:
164); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 595), based on
LEMUR and SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues. Marine species.
Found in coral-rich areas of clear lagoon and seaward reefs,
at depths of 1–20 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa
east to Caroline and Tongan islands, north to southern Japan
and Ogasawara Islands, south to New South Wales/Australia.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline.
High priority for conservation action.
Pseudalutarius nasicornis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1850) – Rhino leatherjacket
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as Pseudaluteres nasicornis by Bleeker (1874: 71); previously listed as Aluteres
rhinoceros by Guichenot (1863: C31).
119
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles.
Transitional water and marine. Found in coastal reefs and
entering estuaries; often in silty habitat and usually on slopes
with low rubble reef and rich invertebrate growth, at depths
of 1–55 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa east to
New Guinea, north to southern Japan, south to New South
Wales/Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT.
Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium
priority for conservation action.
Thamnaconus fajardoi Smith, 1953 – Spotted filefish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Hutchins & Tyler
(1984a: 2 unnumbered pp.); record confirmed by Letourneur
et al. (2004: 216).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Mozambique Channel, Madagascar. Marine species. Demersal, at depths of 130–150 m.
Endemic to islands in the southwestern Indian Ocean.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low
priority for conservation action.
Thamnaconus modestoides (Barnard, 1927) – Modest filefish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Durville et al. (submitted), based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found on deep reefs, at
depths of 73–200 m. Outside the area, South Africa east to
Indonesia, north to southern Japan, south to northwestern
Australia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low
priority for conservation action.
O s t r a c i i d a e – Boxfishes
Lactoria cornuta (Linnaeus, 1758) – Longhorn cowfish; Coffre
(Réunion), coffre boufle (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as Ostracion cornutus by
Guichenot (1863: C31); Ostracion horridus Desjardins in
Lienard, 1836 (Liénard 1836: 64, holotype: NHMI uncat.,
dry specimen) is a junior synonym; record of Lactoria cornuta confirmed by Fricke (1999: 596), based on MHNRUN
and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles.
Transitional water and marine. Found inshore on coastal
muddy or sandy habitats in still bays, common in harbours
and estuaries, at depths of 1–100 m. Outside the area, Red
Sea, East and South Africa east to Marquesas and Tuamotu
islands, north to South Korea, central Japan and Ogasawara
Islands, south to Lord Howe Island.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action.
Ostracion cubicus Linnaeus, 1758 – Yellow boxfish; Coffre
jaune
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C31);
subsequently listed as Ostracion (Ostracion) tetragonus and
O. (Acanthostracion) argus by Bleeker (1874: 70), and as O.
tuberculatus by Harmelin-Vivien (1976: 102); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 597–599), based on LEMUR,
MHNRUN, MNHN and SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in lagoon and semi-sheltered seaward reefs; juveniles often
among Acropora corals; at depths of 0–280 m. Outside the
120
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Tuamotu Archipelago, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to
northern New Zealand, Lord Howe and Rapa islands, straying to Hawaiian Islands.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline.
High priority for conservation action.
Ostracion meleagris Shaw in Shaw & Nodder, 1796 – Whitespotted boxfish; Coffre pintade
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1991:
164); previously listed as O. Punctatus by Guichenot (1863:
C31), and as O. sebae by Harmelin-Vivien (1976: 102); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 599–600), based on
LEMUR, MHNRUN, MNHN, SMNS and USNM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar. Marine species. Found in clear lagoon and seaward
reefs; juveniles among rocky boulders, adults on reef crests
and slopes; at depths of 0–30 m. Outside the area, East and
South Africa east to Mexico, north to southern Japan, Ogasawara and Hawaiian islands, south to Great Barrier Reef/
Australia, New Caledonia and Rapa.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline.
High priority for conservation action.
Ostracion trachys Randall, 1975 – Roughskin trunkfish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur et al.
(2004: 216), based on a specimen observed by E. Tessier.
Distribution. Mauritius. Marine species. Found in holes and
crevices of coral reefs, at depths of 10–20 m. Endemic to the
western Mascarenes.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Tetrosomus concatenatus (Bloch, 1786) – Triangular boxfish;
Coffre (Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as Ostracion concatenatus and O. triqueter by Guichenot (1863: C31); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 600–601), based on MHNRUN
material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Seychelles. Transitional water
and marine. Found in shallow water, entering muddy bays or
estuaries, usually with large remote sponges, at depths of
0–60 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa east to Philippines, north to southern Japan, south to Lord Howe Island.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT.
Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium
priority for conservation action.
T r i o d o n t i d a e – Threetooth pufferfishes
Triodon macropterus Lesson, 1831 – Threetooth puffer; Bourse
de fond
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 601),
based on MHNRUN material; previously listed as T. bursarius by Guichenot (1863: C31).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Transitional water and marine. Found inshore on coastal muddy or sandy habitats in
still bays, common in estuaries, at depths of 1–100 m. Outside the area, East Africa east to Philippines, north to southern Japan, south to New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT.
Neue Serie 2
Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium
priority for conservation action.
T e t r a o d o n t i d a e – Pufferfishes
Arothron caeruleopunctatus Matsuura, 1994 – Blue-spotted
puffer
Taxonomy. Originally described in part from Réunion by Mat
suura (1994: 29–32); record confirmed by Fricke (1999:
602), based on NSMT material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found in
clear lagoon and seaward coral reefs, at depths of 2–50 m.
Outside the area, Maldives east to Papua New Guinea, north
to southern Japan, south to Coral Sea.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline.
High priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/
SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Arothron hispidus (Linnaeus, 1758) – White-spotted puffer;
Bouvetanne (Réunion), compère à taches blanches (France)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as Dilobomycterus hispidus by Guichenot (1863: C31); record confirmed by Fricke
(1999: 602–603), based on MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles.
Transitional water and marine. Found in outer coral reef
slopes, inner reef flats and lagoons; juveniles seagrass areas
including estuaries; at depths of 1–50 m. Outside the area,
Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Panama, north to
southern Japan, Ogasawara and Hawaiian islands, south to
Lord Howe and Rapa islands.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. Low
priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial
exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/
DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Arothron immaculatus (Bloch & Schneider [ex Lacepède, ex
Commerson], 1801) – Immaculate puffer
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as Tetrodon immaculatus
by Playfair & Günther (1867: 132); previously listed by
Guichenot (1863: C31) as Dilobomycterus sordidus; record
confirmed by Fricke (1999: 603–604), based on MNHN and
USNM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Transitional water and marine. Found in
lagoon habitats with seagrass beds adjacent to coral reefs,
often entering estuaries, at depths of 0–17 m. Outside the
area, Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Philippines,
north to Ryukyu Islands, south to northern Australia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/
DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Arothron mappa (Lesson, 1831) – Map puffer
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 604),
based on an underwater photograph.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found in in
clear lagoon and sheltered seaward reefs; adults usually
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
along deep drop-offs, at depths of 1–30 m. Outside the area,
East and South Africa east to Samoa, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to southern Queensland/Australia and New
Caledonia.
Conservation. Critically endangered in Réunion (CR). Threats:
HAB, EUT. Rare. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline. High priority for conservation action.
Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to
Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to
avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Arothron meleagris (Anonymus [ex Lacepède, ex Commerson],
1798) – Guineafowl puffer; Compère pintade
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 103).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Aldabra, Agalega Islands,
Seychelles, Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in
coral-rich areas of clear lagoon and seaward reefs, at depths
of 2–24 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa east to
Panama, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to
Lord Howe and Easter islands.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline.
High priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/
SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Arothron nigropunctatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) – Blackspotted puffer; Compère à taches noires
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 103); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 605), based
on LEMUR, MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on coastal to
outer reef crest and slope habitats with rich invertebrate
growth, at depths of 3–25 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East
and South Africa east to Line and Tuamotu islands, north to
Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south New South Wales/
Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline.
High priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/
SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Arothron stellatus (Anonymus [ex Lacepède, ex Commerson],
1798) – Star puffer; Compère étoilé
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Harmelin-Vivien
(1976: 103); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 605–606),
based on MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Cargados Carajos, Seychelles. Marine species. Found
in patch reefs and coral reef slopes near sandy areas of clear
lagoon and seaward reefs; juveniles occur in sandy and seagrass inner reefs; at depths of 1–58 m. Outside the area, Red
Sea, East and South Africa east to Tuamotu Archipelago,
north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to
Lord Howe Island and northern New Zealand.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline.
High priority for conservation action. Proposed for Annex II
of the EU Habitats Directive. Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/
DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poisoning.
121
Canthigaster amboinensis (Bleeker, 1865) – Spotted toby
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1992:
unpag. 8); previously listed by Harmelin-Vivien (1976: 103)
as C. margaritatus (non Rüppell, 1829); record confirmed by
Fricke (1999: 606–607), based on BPBM, MNHN and
SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on coral and rocky reefs, often in high energy zones, at depths of 0–16 m. Outside the
area, East and South Africa east to Galapagos Archipelago,
north to southern Japan and Hawaiian Islands, south to Great
Barrier Reef/Australia and Society Islands.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/
DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Canthigaster bennetti (Bleeker, 1854) – Exquisite toby
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1992:
unpag. 8); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 607), based on
SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on coral
and rocky reefs, often in high energy zones, at depths of
0–16 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa east to Tuamotu Archipelago, north to southern Taiwan, south to northern New South Wales/Australia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/
DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Canthigaster cyanospilota Randall, Williams & Rocha, 2008 –
Crowned toby
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by R andall et al. (2008:
7–10), recorded as C. coronata (non Vaillant & Sauvage,
1875) by Fricke (1999: 607), based on BPBM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Seychelles. Marine species.
Found on sand and rubble bottoms of seaward reefs, at depths
of 6–100 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and South Africa. Canthigaster coronata (Vaillant & Sauvage, 1875) is
now restricted to the Hawaiian Islands.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/
DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Canthigaster inframacula Allen & Randall, 1977 – Spotbelly
toby
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Durville et al. (submitted), based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found on deep reefs, at
depths of 124–274 m. Outside the area, southern Japan; Hawaiian Islands.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low
priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial
exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/
DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poisoning.
122
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
Canthigaster janthinoptera (Bleeker, 1855) – Honeycomb toby
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as C. janthinopterus by
Harmelin-Vivien (1976: 103); record confirmed by Fricke
(1999: 607–608), based on LEMUR and SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Agalega Islands, Seychelles. Marine species. Found
in clear lagoon and seaward reefs, at depths of 0–30 m. Outside the area, East and South Africa east to Marquesas and
Pitcairn islands, north to Ogasawara Islands, south to Lord
Howe Island.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline.
High priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/
SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Neue Serie 2
tographed during a visual census, on the outer and inner
coral reef, in 2007 (T. Cadet, T. Mulochau, P. Durville, E.
Tessier).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found on
sheltered rocky and coral reefs and in lagoons, including intertidal areas, at depths of 0–36 m. Outside the area, East
Africa east to Hawaiian and Tuamotu islands, north to
Ryukyu Islands, south to New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Rare. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action.
Canthigaster natalensis (Günther, 1870) – Natal toby
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Allen & R andall
(1977: 500–501); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 608),
based on SMNS and USNM material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found in
clear lagoon and seaward coral reefs, at depths of 0–30 m.
Outside the area, East and South Africa.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline.
High priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/
SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Canthigaster valentini (Bleeker, 1853) – Black-saddled toby
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as Canthogaster Valen
tijni by Bleeker (1874: 69); previously listed by Guichenot
(1863: C31) as Rhynchotus Gronovii; record confirmed by
Fricke (1999: 609–611), based on BPBM, LEMUR and
SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in coastal reefs
and lagoon habitats, at depths of 0–55 m. Outside the area,
Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Tuamotu Archipelago, north to South Korea, southern Japan and Ogasawara
Islands, south to Lord Howe Island.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/
DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Canthigaster rivulata (Temminck & Schlegel, 1850) – Doubleline toby
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 608);
previously listed by Harmelin-Vivien (1976: 103) as C. caudofasciatus.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Agalega Islands, Seychelles,
Cargados Carajos. Marine species. Found in coral and rocky
reefs, at depths of 0–350 m. Outside the area, East and South
Africa east to Hawaiian Islands, north to South Korea, southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/
DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Lagocephalus lagocephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) – Oceanic puffer
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as Promecocephalus
lagocephalus by Guichenot (1863: C31); record confirmed
by Fricke (1999: 611), based on MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Transitional waters and marine. An oceanic, pelagic species which may come inshore
and enter estuaries; at depths of 0–476 m. Outside the area,
worldwide in tropical and temperate oceans, except for Red
Sea.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: FIB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/
DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Canthigaster smithae Allen & Randall, 1977 – Bicoloured toby
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1992:
53).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine
species. Found on outer reef slopes, at depths of 20–37 m.
Outside the area, East and South Africa east to Maldives.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/
DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Canthigaster solandri (Richardson [ex Solander], 1845) – Spotted sharpnose
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Letourneur (1992:
121); record verified based on specimens observed and pho-
Lagocephalus sceleratus (Gmelin [ex Forster], 1789) – Silverstripe puffer; Ballon à bande argentée
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as Tetrodon sceleratus by
Bleeker (1874: 69); previously listed by Guichenot (1863:
C31) as Promecocephalus argentatus; record confirmed by
Fricke (1999: 611–612), based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles. Marine species. Found on offshore coral reefs, at
depths of 18–100 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and
South Africa east to Philippines, north to southern Japan,
south to southern Australia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Probable decline.
Medium priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/
SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poisoning.
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
Takifugu oblongus (Bloch, 1786) – Lattice puffer; Bouvetanne
(Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as Amblyrhynchotes oblongus by Guichenot (1863: C31); record confirmed by
Fricke (1999: 612), based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Madagascar. Transitional waters and marine. Found in shallow coastal waters, entering brackish
water, at depths of 0–20 m. Outside the area, East and South
Africa east to Indonesia, north to southern Japan, south to
northern Australia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT.
Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium
priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial
exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/
DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Tylerius spinosissimus (Regan, 1908) – Spiny blaasop
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Durville et al. (submitted), based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Bathydemersal, at depths
of 250–435 m. Outside the area, South Africa to Indonesia,
north to South China Sea, south to northwestern Australia,
Queensland/Australia and New Caledonia.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: EUT.
Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium
priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial
exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/
DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poisoning.
123
Cyclichthys spilostylus (Leis & Randall, 1982) – Spotbase burr
fish
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Durville et al. (submitted), based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion. Marine species. Found in coral and rocky
reefs, at depths of 3–90 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East
and South Africa east to Philippines, north to southern Japan, south to northern Queensland/Australia and New Caledonia, immigrated into eastern Mediterranean through Suez
Canal.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Decline unknown. Low
priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial
exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/
DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Diodon holocanthus Linnaeus, 1758 – Balloon porcupinefish;
Porc-épic ballon
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Leis (1984: 2 unnumbered pp.); record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 613), based on
MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species.
Found in shallow coral reefs to open, soft bottoms, at depths
of 0–200 m. Outside the area, nearly circumtropical.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/
DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poisoning.
D i o d o n t i d a e – Porcupinefishes
Chilomycterus reticulatus (Linnaeus, 1758) – Spotfin burrfish;
Bouvetanne (Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 612),
based on MHNRUN and MNHN material; previously listed
by Guichenot (1863: C30) as C. tigrinus; record confirmed
by Leis (2006: 80–81).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Comores. Marine species.
Found in coral reefs and over soft bottoms, juveniles in
floating seagrass; at depths of 10–140 m. Outside the area,
worldwide in warm temperate oceans.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline.
High priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/
SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Cyclichthys orbicularis (Bloch, 1785) – Birdbeak burrfish; Bouvetanne (Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as Diodon orbicularis by
Guichenot (1863: C30); record confirmed by Fricke (1999:
613), and Leis (2006: 82).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found in
clear protected coral reefs with sponge and algal habitats, at
depths of 9–170 m. Outside the area, Red Sea, East and
South Africa east to Philippines, north to South China Sea,
south to Lord Howe Island.
Conservation. Endangered in Réunion (EN). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant decline.
High priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/
SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Diodon hystrix Linnaeus, 1758 – Porcupinefish; Bouletangue
(Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Guichenot (1863: C30);
record confirmed by Fricke (1999: 613–614), based on
MHNRUN and MNHN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Comores, Madagascar, Seychelles. Marine species. Found in lagoon and
seaward coral or rocky reefs, often in caves and holes in
shallow reefs, at depths of 0–50 m. Outside the area, in all
tropical oceans.
Conservation. Data deficient in Réunion (DD). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Probable decline. Medium priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/SG/
DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poisoning.
Diodon liturosus Shaw [ex Lacepède, ex Commerson], 1804 –
Black-blotched porcupinefish; Porc-épic tacheté
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 614);
previously listed by Günther (1870: 307–308, part, var. d) as
D. maculatus; record confirmed by Leis (2006: 88).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Found on
coral reef edges and slopes, often in caves and holes in shallow reefs, juveniles in lagoon habitats; at depths of 0–90 m.
Outside the area, South Africa east to Society Islands, north
to southern Japan.
Conservation. Vulnerable in Réunion (VU). Threats: HAB,
EUT. Sensitive to human activities. Significant decline.
High priority for conservation action. Banned from commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 06-2412/
SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid ciguatera poisoning.
124
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
M o l i d a e – Sunfishes
Masturus lanceolatus (Liénard, 1840) – Sharptail mola
Taxonomy. New record from Réunion, based on a photographed
specimen collected by a local fisherman, 10 miles west of
Réunion, in 2005 (P. Durville, T. Mulochau).
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Pelagic, at
depths of 50–670 m. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical
and warm temperate oceans.
Conservation. Threatened migrant in Réunion (TM). Threats:
FIB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant
decline. High priority for conservation action. Banned from
commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 062412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid cigua
tera poisoning.
Mola mola (Linnaeus, 1758) – Ocean sunfish; Lune (Réunion)
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion as Orthagoriscus mola by
Guichenot (1863: C31); record confirmed by Fricke (1999:
615), based on MHNRUN material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius. Marine species. Pelagic, at
depths of 10–480 m. Outside the area, worldwide in tropical
and temperate oceans.
Conservation. Threatened migrant in Réunion (TM). Threats:
FIB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant
decline. High priority for conservation action. Banned from
commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 062412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid cigua
tera poisoning.
Ranzania laevis (Pennant, 1776) – Trunkfish; Ranzania
Taxonomy. First record from Réunion by Fricke (1999: 615),
based on MHNRUN and SMNS material.
Distribution. Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar. Marine species.
Pelagic, at depths of 0–140 m. Outside the area, worldwide in
tropical and temperate oceans.
Conservation. Threatened migrant in Réunion (TM). Threats:
FIB, EUT. Very sensitive to human activities. Significant
decline. High priority for conservation action. Banned from
commercial exploitation in La Réunion due to Arrêté nº 062412/SG/DRCTCV (Anonymus 2006a), as to avoid cigua
tera poisoning.
4 The fish fauna of Réunion and its endemism
The fish fauna of Réunion comprises a total of 984
species in 164 families. 16 of these species are not native,
but have been introduced. 6 fish families are represented
only by introduced species. The native fish fauna of
Réunion therefore consists of 968 species in 158 families.
The largest families are the Labridae (63 native species,
6.5 % of the native species), Serranidae (54 native species,
5.6 %), Gobiidae (53 native species, 5.5 %), Pomacentridae
(45 native species, 4.7 %), Blenniidae (34 native species,
3.5 %), Carangidae (33 native species, 3.4 %), Muraenidae
(32 native species, 3.3 %), Acanthuridae (28 native species, 2.9 %), Lutjanidae (27 native species, 2.8 %), and
Chaetodontidae, Holocentridae and Scorpaenidae and Holocentridae (24 native species each, 2.5 %). Typically for
tropical volcanic islands, the freshwater fish fauna is dominated by the families Gobiidae, Eleotridae and Anguilli-
Neue Serie 2
dae; the most speciate marine fish groups are the Labridae, Serranidae and Gobiidae. A total of 63 fish species
are recorded for the first time from Réunion.
The fish fauna of Réunion includes a total of 65 species
occurring in freshwater (plus 16 introduced species, 23.1 %
of the total freshwater fish species), 165 species of transitional waters (plus 16 introduced species, 9.7 % of the total
transitional water species) and 965 species in marine habitats (plus two introduced species, 0.2 % of the total marine
species). The freshwater element includes 41 riverine species (4.2 % of the naturally occurring species of Réunion),
four katadromously migrating eels (0.4 %), and 13 oceanic
stragglers (1.3 %). In transitional waters, 107 species are
estuarine (11.1 %), four are katadromously migrating eels
(0.4 %), 28 are oceanic stragglers (2.9 %) and six are freshwater stragglers (0.6 %). The marine habitats are most diverse; 549 species (56.7 %) are found in one of the smallest
habitats, e. g. shallow coral reefs (0–80 m depth), 115 species (11.9 %) on the reef flat/reef crest, 271 species (28.0 %)
occur in shallow rocky reefs, 82 species (8.5 %) in tidal
pools, and 136 species (14.0 %) are known from deep
reefs; 326 species (33.7 %) live inside the fringing reef,
163 species (16.8 %) on sand bottom, 74 species (7.6 %) on
seagrass/algae, 74 species (7.6 %) on coral rubble/gravel,
and 57 species (5.9 %) on mud bottoms; 26 species (2.7 %)
are found demersal, 32 species (3.3 %) bathydemersal,
73 species (7.5 %) oceanic pelagic, 49 species (5.1 %)
coastal pelagic, 20 species (2.1 %) are known benthopelagic, and 16 species (1.7 %) bathypelagic. Obviously, the
deep water and deep sea fish fauna of Réunion is still very
incompletely known.
Zoogeographically, the main element of the fish fauna
of Réunion consists of widespread tropical Indo-Pacific
species (631 species, 65 % of the total naturally occurring
species), of which 576 species (60 %) have a typical IndoWest Pacific distribution, 46 species (4.8 %) an Indo-Pacific distribution including the East Pacific, and 10 species
(1.0 %) an antitropical/antiequatorial distribution. A total
of 121 species (12.5 %) are found worldwide, either circumtropical (103 species, 10.7 %), antitropical (seven species, 0.7 %), or Southern Hemisphere temperate (seven
species, 0.7 %). Five species (0.5 %) are found in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. An additional 202 species (20.9 %)
are Indian Ocean endemics, including 83 western Indian
Ocean endemics (8.6 %), 44 southwestern Indian Ocean
endemics (4.5 %), 12 species (1.2 %) endemic to the Mascarenes, Madagascar and Comores, and 25 Mascarene Islands endemics (2.6 %). Seven species are only known
from Réunion (Apolemichthys guezei, Channomuraena
bauchotae, Mimoblennius lineathorax, Oxyurichthys guibei, Parupeneus diagonalis, Parupeneus posteli, Upeneus
mascareinsis), which results in an endemism rate of 0.7 %;
18 species (1.9 %) are Mascarene endemics excluding
those species only occurring in Réunion (Abudefduf mar-
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
gariteus, Anisochromis mascarenensis, Callionymus aagilis, Cotylopus acutipinnis, Dodekablennos fraseri, Entomacrodus lemuria, Hetereleotris georgegilli, Hypo
rhamphus erythrorinchus, Laemonema macronema,
Neobythites multistriatus, Plectroglyphidodon randalli,
Pomacentrus pikei, Pterygotrigla guezei, Soleichthys
tubifera, Springeratus polyporatus). The Mascarenes are
considered as an endemism centre (Fricke 1999: 616). The
relatively low endemism rate of Réunion (compared with
Mauritius) is probably due to the geological youth of the
island, which existed only for approximately 2.1 million
years. When compared with other Indian Ocean islands,
the endemism rate is still relatively high (e. g. 0.4 % endemics at Chagos Archipelago according to Winterbot
tom & A nderson 1997: 26). It is expected that some of the
western Mascarene endemics originated in Mauritius and
migrated to Réunion; the shelves of the two islands are
only 170 km apart. Though the main current (southern Indian Ocean equatorial current) is running from Mauritius
to Réunion most of the time, there may be an anomalous
current reversal.
5 Conservation
The following chapter is an attempt to summarise the
conservation status of fish species and aquatic habitats in
Réunion.
While Réunion was found pristine and mostly untouched by humans in 1513, the terrestrial fauna of the island heavily suffered from overexploitation and settlement
activities since the 17th century. The population has meanwhile raised to 793,000 (2007), with an overall population
density of 393 inhabitants per km2; the actual population
pressure on the fragile coastal habitats is even higher, as
most of the inhabitants live along the northern and western
shores of the island, leaving much of the centre and the
southeastern parts uninhabited. A larger number of endemic birds, reptiles, molluscs and mammals was extirpated in the 17th and 18th centuries (e. g. Cowles 1994: 87–
93, Mickleburgh et al. 2004).
Due to rapid economic and agricultural development
and population growth during the past centuries and decades, the native fish fauna of Réunion is now highly
threatened and needs urgent political action to ensure its
conservation. The marine fish species of Réunion are generally threatened by eutrophication/pollution out of inflowing rivers and coastal towns, by overfishing and
poaching, and by construction along the shore, especially
hotels in tourist areas. Additional threats include the expansion of coastal cities, the construction of coastal roads,
and marine aquaculture which pollutes and eutrophicates
the surrounding marine waters, and threatens native marine species by escaping aquaculture fish material. Anony-
125
mus (2006b) estimates the 2005 aquaculture production at
150 tonnes of fish, with 20 % marine, i. e. 30 tonnes. Additional regional threats include long-ranging marine eutrophication and pollution, with sources in Indian Ocean
abutting nations like Australia, India or Indonesia; also
the destruction of coastal areas, marine acidification
(which poses a threat to corals and some fish species), and
global warming (threatening cool water species).
The marine fauna was mainly exploited since the 19th
century, with continuously increasing exploitation levels.
In 2000, the total marine fisheries of Réunion was estimated at over 10000 tonnes a year, in 2004, at over 11500
tonnes (Anonymus 2006b). The Réunion fishing fleet
(Anonymus 2006b) comprises 300 relatively new vessels
(2004 data); the main fisheries consists of small scale
coastal fisheries, longline fisheries of large pelagic fish,
and ‘Southern Ocean’ fishing. In the coastal fisheries, the
annual declared catches range totals between 1500 and
2500 tonnes, but the total catch is most likely higher; there
is no accurate gauging of the fishing effort and it is clear
that stocks in the coastal regions are being over-fished. For
the pelagic longline fisheries, the annual catch is estimated at approximately 3000 tonnes. South of Réunion, the
total fishing effort is approximately 6000 tonnes per year.
There is a substantial swordfish and tuna fishing by foreign vessels, accounting for 0.25 % of the Indian Ocean’s
tuna catches, the Réunion fleet plays but a marginal role in
this over-fishing.
The coral reefs, as the marine habitat with highest diversity, suffered from a number of anthropogenic factors,
including legal fishing and poaching on protected areas
and/or on protected species, walking on the reef crest, eutrophication, marine pollution, marine acidification and
global warming. Ahamada et al. (2002: 86–87) discussed
the status of the coral reefs of La Réunion. Between 1999
and 2002, they observed a relative stability of the coral
reef habitats in 14 monitoring stations (40–50 % coral
cover in February 2002), and found a balance between the
degradation from human activities and new coral growth,
but a slight decrease in the coral cover on the outer slopes.
They observed that the fish populations were relatively
stable, with a low level of predatory fish, which showed,
even in protected zones, continued fishing pressures. Car
penter et al. (2008), however, found a high percentage of
reef-building corals facing elevated extinction levels, and
concluded that coral reef habitats are in urgent need of
conservation efforts.
Meanwhile, several species of fishes have been banned
from commercial exploitation due to the risk of ciguatera
infection (Anonymus 2006a). Furthermore, a marine reserve was established in La Réunion on 21 February 2007
(Anonymus 2007). In the marine reserve, the introduction
of non-domestic species, poaching, disturbing the ecosystems acoustically or with light, use of toxic substances for
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fishing, fishing methods that affect corals, trawling and
dredging, sand, coral or rock extraction or collection, etc.
are forbidden, and there are several additional restrictions.
Within the reserve, 197 hectares of special marine protected areas (MPA) were established for coral reef habitats, where any activities are forbidden (Trois Chameaux à
l’Hermitage, Trou d’Eau, Pointe des Châteaux, Varangue,
l’Étang Salé).
Freshwater habitats are supported by rainfall which
may be extremely heavy at times, such as during hurricanes. The island of Réunion is divided by its high moun-
tains in two climatic halves; the windward eastern, wetter
half (Côte au Vent), and the leeward western, dry half
(Côte sous le Vent). Streams and rivers are usually relatively steep and fast-flowing; some of those on the leeward
side are seasonal only. There are generally two seasons: a
wet season from December to April, and a dry season
from May to November. Since a lot of agriculture and
habitation is located in the dry region, there has been a
long history of irrigation and water abstraction out of
streams and rivers. Water management in the western part
has been beyond sustainable levels for a long time. There-
Tab. 6. Red List of fish species of Réunion, in taxonomic order. – An asterisk notes a species endemic to Réunion.
Carcharhinus melanopterus
Pristis microdon
Pristis pectinata
Elops machnata
Megalops cyprinoides
Stolephorus commersonii
RE (Regionally extinct)
Herklotsichthys spilurus
Chanos chanos
Gonorynchus gonorynchus
Hyporhamphus erythrorinchus
Aethaloperca rogaa
Plectropomus laevis
Terapon jarbua
Plectorhinchus gaterinus
Drepane punctata
Pomacanthus semicirculatus
Hypseleotris cyprinoides
Platax pinnatus
Carcharodon carcharias
Rhynchobatus djiddensis
Anguilla bicolor
Anguilla labiata
Anguilla marmorata
Anguilla mossambica
Remora australis
Chaetodon guttatissimus
Chaetodon melannotus
CR (Critically endangered)
Chaetodon meyeri
Chaetodon trifasciatus
Chaetodon zanzibarensis
Forcipiger longirostris
Cirrhitichthys guichenoti
Cirrhitops fasciatus
Paracirrhites arcatus
Paracirrhites forsteri
Cheilinus undulatus
Acanthocybium solandri
Allothunnus fallai
Auxis rochei
Thunnus alalunga
Thunnus albacares
Thunnus obesus
Melichthys indicus
Oxymonacanthus longirostris
Arothron mappa
Alopias superciliosus
Alopias vulpinus
Rhincodon typus
Albula glossodonta
Sardinella jussieu
Sardinella melanura
Antennarius coccineus
Antennarius commerson
Hippocampus borboniensis
Hippocampus jayakari
Anyperodon leucogrammicus
Epinephelus coioides
Epinephelus lanceolatus
Epinephelus malabaricus
Variola louti
Kuhlia caudavittata
Carangoides coeruleopinnatus
Caranx ignobilis
Caranx lugubris
Caranx melampygus
Caranx sexfasciatus
Scomberoides lysan
Trachinotus baillonii
Trachinotus blochii
Aprion virescens
Lutjanus bohar
Lutjanus monostigma
Caesio caerulaurea
EN (Endangered)
Gymnocaesio gymnoptera
Lethrinus borbonicus
Chaetodon trifascialis
*Apolemichthys guezei
Dascyllus carneus
Neoglyphidodon melas
Plectroglyphidodon dickii
Plectroglyphidodon imparipennis
Plectroglyphidodon johnstonianus
Bodianus diana
Bodianus leucosticticus
Cheilinus chlorourus
Cheilinus oxycephalus
Cheilinus trilobatus
Epibulus insidiator
Gomphosus caeruleus
Halichoeres hortulanus
Halichoeres iridis
Hemigymnus fasciatus
Labrichthys unilineatus
Labropsis xanthonota
Macropharyngodon cyanoguttatus
Oxycheilinus digrammus
Pseudocheilinus dispilus
Pseudocheilinus octotaenia
Pseudodax moluccanus
Thalassoma hardwicke
Cetoscarus ocellatus
Chlorurus strongylocephalus
Scarus caudofasciatus
Scarus falcipinnis
Scarus frenatus
Scarus ghobban
Scarus globiceps
Scarus psittacus
Scarus scaber
Enneapterygius tutuilae
Helcogramma fuscopinna
Ecsenius lineatus
Ecsenius midas
Exallias brevis
Plagiotremus rhinorhynchos
Plagiotremus tapeinosoma
Cotylopus acutipinnis
Eviota distigma
Eviota indica
Eviota nigripinna
Eviota sebreei
Gobiodon citrinus
Gobiodon rivulatus
Paragobiodon echinocephalus
Paragobiodon modestus
Periophthalmus kalolo
Pleurosicya micheli
Sicyopterus lagocephalus
Stenogobius polyzona
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
Acanthurus leucosternon
Acanthurus lineatus
Paracanthurus hepatus
Zebrasoma scopas
Zebrasoma velifer
Sphyraena acutipinnis
Gempylus serpens
Lepidocybium flavobrunneum
Auxis thazard
Euthynnus affinis
Gymnosarda unicolor
Katsuwonus pelamis
Rastrelliger kanagurta
Sarda orientalis
Scomberomorus commerson
Balistapus undulatus
Melichthys niger
Melichthys vidua
Xanthichthys auromarginatus
Amanses scopas
Cantherhines fronticinctus
Pervagor janthinosoma
Carcharhinus albimarginatus
Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos
Carcharhinus brevipinna
Carcharhinus falciformis
Carcharhinus limbatus
Carcharhinus longimanus
Carcharhinus plumbeus
Triaenodon obesus
Nebrius ferrugineus
Dasyatis thetidis
Strophidon sathete
Thryssa baelama
Amblygaster sirm
Dinematichthys iluocoeteoides
Agonostomus telfairii
Cheilopogon cyanopterus
Cheilopogon furcatus
Cheilopogon nigricans
Cypselurus naresii
Cypselurus poecilopterus
Exocoetus monocirrhus
Exocoetus volitans
Parexocoetus brachypterus
Prognichthys sealei
Ablennes hians
Platybelone platyura
Strongylura leiura
Tylosurus crocodilus
Myripristis adusta
Myripristis berndti
Myripristis botche
Myripristis chryseres
Myripristis hexagona
Myripristis kuntee
Myripristis seychellensis
Myripristis vittata
Neoniphon aurolineatus
Sargocentron inaequalis
Sargocentron melanospilos
Sargocentron seychellense
Sargocentron spiniferum
Sargocentron tiere
Sargocentron tiereoides
Halicampus mataafae
Caracanthus madagascariensis
Scorpaenodes parvipinnis
Ambassis ambassis
Ambassis gymnocephalus
Cephalopholis argus
Cephalopholis aurantia
Cephalopholis boenak
Cephalopholis leopardus
Cephalopholis miniata
Cephalopholis polleni
VU (Vulnerable)
Cephalopholis sexmaculata
Cephalopholis sonnerati
Cephalopholis spiloparaea
Cephalopholis urodeta
Epinephelus chlorostigma
Epinephelus coeruleopunctatus
Epinephelus flavocaeruleus
Epinephelus hexagonatus
Epinephelus longispinis
Epinephelus macrospilos
Epinephelus melanostigma
Epinephelus morrhua
Epinephelus multinotatus
Epinephelus rivulatus
Epinephelus spilotoceps
Epinephelus tauvina
Epinephelus tukula
Gracila albomarginata
Pseudanthias pulcherrimus
Variola albimarginata
Kuhlia mugil
Kuhlia rupestris
Cookeolus japonicus
Heteropriacanthus cruentatus
Priacanthus sagittarius
Rachycentron canadum
Cheilodipterus lineatus
Nectamia savayensis
Ostorhinchus aureus
Sillago sihama
Echeneis naucrates
Remora brachyptera
Alectis indica
Atule mate
Carangoides armatus
Carangoides chrysophrys
Carangoides gymnostethus
Decapterus macarellus
Elagatis bipinnulata
Pseudocaranx dentex
Scomberoides commersonianus
Aphareus furca
Aphareus rutilans
Lutjanus argentimaculatus
Lutjanus bengalensis
Lutjanus notatus
Lutjanus russellii
Lutjanus sebae
Paracaesio xanthura
Plectorhinchus gibbosus
Pomadasys furcatum
Argyrops filamentosus
Rhabdosargus sarba
Gnathodentex aureolineatus
Ostracion cubicus
Ostracion meleagris
Arothron caeruleopunctatus
Arothron meleagris
Arothron nigropunctatus
Arothron stellatus
Canthigaster janthinoptera
Canthigaster natalensis
Cylichthys orbicularis
Gymnocranius grandoculis
Lethrinus crocineus
Lethrinus harak
Lethrinus microdon
Lethrinus nebulosus
Lethrinus variegatus
Lethrinus xanthochilus
Monotaxis grandoculis
Parupeneus indicus
Parupeneus macronemus
Pempheris nesogallica
Chaetodon auriga
Chaetodon blackburnii
Chaetodon interruptus
Chaetodon kleinii
Chaetodon madagaskariensis
Chaetodon vagabundus
Chaetodon xanthocephalus
Forcipiger flavissimus
Hemitaurichthys zoster
Heniochus acuminatus
Heniochus monoceros
Apolemichthys trimaculatus
Pomacanthus imperator
Cirrhitus pinnulatus
Cristacirrhitus punctatus
Abudefduf margariteus
Chromis atripectoralis
Chromis dimidiata
Chromis nigrura
Chromis ternatensis
Chromis viridis
Dascyllus aruanus
Plectroglyphidodon phoenixensis
Bodianus anthioides
Novaculichthys taeniourus
Thalassoma hebraicum
Calotomus carolinus
Hipposcarus harid
Helcogramma obtusirostris
Butis butis
Eleotris mauritiana
Ophiocara porocephala
Awaous commersoni
Sphyraena barracuda
Sphyraena obtusata
Bothus mancus
Bothus pantherinus
Pseudobalistes fuscus
Arothron hispidus
Chilomycterus reticulatus
Diodon liturosus
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Squalus megalops
Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus
Encheliophis gracilis
Encheliophis homei
Pyramodon ventralis
Hemiramphus far
Myripristis murdjan
Neoniphon sammara
Sargocentron caudimaculatum
Sargocentron diadema
Priacanthus hamrur
NT (Near threatened)
Pristigenys niphonia
Malacanthus brevirostris
Malacanthus latovittatus
Remora remora
Naucrates ductor
Selar crumenophthalmus
Seriolina rivoliana
*Parupeneus diagonalis
*Parupeneus posteli
*Upeneus mascareinsis
Centropyge debelius
Pomacentrus pikei
Stegastes pelicieri
Anampses twistii
Parapercis punctata
Cirripectes randalli
Entomacrodus lemuria
*Mimoblennius lineathorax
Callionymus aagilis
Acanthurus polyzona
Soleichthys tubifera
Isurus oxyrinchus
Prionace glauca
Sphyrna mokarran
Pteryplatytrygon violacea
Aetobatus narinari
Manta birostris
Mobula tarapacana
Myliobatis aquila
Lampris guttatus
TM (Threatened migrants)
Coryphaena equiselis
Coryphaena hippurus
Brama dussumieri
Brama orcini
Eumegistus illustris
Pteraclis velifera
Pterycombus petersii
Taractichthys steindachneri
Xiphias gladius
Istiompax indicus
Istiophorus platypterus
Kajikia audax
Makaira nigricans
Tetrapturus angustirostris
Masturus lanceolatus
Mola mola
Ranzania laevis
fore, in recent years substantial works have been undertaken to collect water on the wetter windward side and
transport it to the dry western side of the island, implying
a significant decrease of water flow on eastern rivers.
Rivers and streams in Réunion are threatened by eutrophication and pollution in lower ranges, and especially
by the construction of dams, weirs and barrages, which
pollute downstream stream and river areas, abstract water
from rivers which may become dry, and prevent fish migration. Gravel extraction from river beds may result in
heavy sediment freight and destruction of fish spawning
grounds. In several freshwater areas, extensive aquaculture projects threaten the native fish fauna by additional
eutrophication, pollution, and competition/predation.
Freshwater aquaculture, mainly of tilapia (Oreochromis
niloticus) and trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), was estimated
in 2005 at 120 tonnes (Anonymus 2006b). In addition,
there is a fishing pressure in some freshwater habitats,
especially on migrating goby larvae (e. g. ‘bichique’ Sicyopterus lagocephalus).
The Red List status of the fishes of Réunion is summarised in Tab. 6. At present, a total of 968 native fish
species is known from La Réunion. Out of these species, a
total of 378 species is listed on the Red List (39.2 % of the
native species), with no species globally extinct (as far as
known), 18 species regionally extinct (1.9 %), 27 species
critically endangered (2.8 %), 115 species endangered
(11.9 %), 160 species vulnerable (16.6 %), 32 species near
threatened (3.3 %), and 26 species threatened migrants
(2.7 %). An additional 575 species are data deficient
(59.4 %). 16 species have been introduced and are thus not
native; they were not evaluated for the Red List. This
means that only the remaining 10 species of fishes in
Réunion are not threatened.
Out of the total of 965 species of fishes at Réunion, 290
have a high priority requiring immediate political action
(30.0 %), mainly species of the coral reef and of freshwater
habitats; 489 species have a medium priority (50.5 %),
173 species a low priority not needing immediate action
(17.9 %), and 16 introduced species were not evaluated
(1.6 %).
La Réunion, as an overseas region in the European
Union, is at present not represented by habitats or species
on the Annexes of the EU Habitats Directive. Considering
the highly diverse fish fauna with a high degree of endemism, a list of species suitable for the annexes is proposed
in Tab. 7; this set of species would be scientifically adequate covering all important watersheds and habitats, and
would be sufficient for the fulfilment of the Directive, in
order to treat Réunion equally to other EU regions.
Though in recent years substantial efforts have been
undertaken by the authorities to establish marine reserves
and protected areas, the conservation of fish fauna and
aquatic habitats requires special attention in Réunion. As
the distribution and even the fish species composition is
still far from well-known, it is strongly recommended to
establish a programme for the monitoring and mapping of
the fish fauna and environmental quality of aquatic habitats. General recommendations for the management and
conservation of marine, transitional and freshwater habitats of Réunion would include the following items:
1) Improving sewage treatment facilities in Réunion
and neighbouring island states;
2) It is proposed to establish a set of conservation areas
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
Tab. 7. Fish species proposed for Annexes II, IV and/or V of the
EU Habitats Directive.
Proposed for Annexes of EU
Habitats Directive
II, IV
Abudefduf margariteus
V
Acanthocybium solandri
II, V
Agonostomus telfairii
II
Aphareus furca
II
Aphareus rutilans
II, IV
Apolemichthys guezei
V
Auxis rochei
II, IV
Awaous commersoni
II, IV prioritary species
Carcharodon carcharias
II, IV
Chaetodon guttatissimus
II, IV
Chaetodon melannotus
II, IV
Chaetodon trifascialis
II
Cheilinus oxycephalus
II
Cotylopus acutipinnis
II, IV
Dascyllus carneus
II
Eleotris mauritiana
II
Entomacrodus lemuria
V
Euthynnus affinis
II
Gobiodon citrinus
II
Gobiodon rivulatus
II, IV prioritary species
Hippocampus spp.
II, V
Kuhlia caudavittata
II, V
Paracaesio xanthura
Paragobiodon echinocephalus II
II
Paragobiodon modestus
II
Periophthalmus kalolo
II, IV
Plectroglyphidodon dickii
II
Pomacentrus pikei
II, V
Pomadasys furcatum
II, IV
Remora australis
II, IV
Remora brachyptera
V
Sarda orientalis
II, V
Sardinella jussieu
V
Scomberomorus commerson
II, V
Squalus megalops
II
Stenogobius polyzona
II, V
Strophidon sathete
II
Thalassoma hardwicke
V
Thunnus alalunga
V
Thunnus albacares
V
Thunnus obesus
Species
for fish species and aquatic habitats in a set of rivers and
streams, as well as in additional marine areas including
the rocky coast, sand bottom habitats and estuaries. Sites
should be established at least for the species listed on Annexes II and IV of the EU Habitats Directive, and for the
species proposed in the present paper (Tab. 7). For areas
where migratory species occur but do not permanently
live, sites as stepping stones (resting areas for adult upstream and juvenile downstream migration) according to
129
the present usage in the EU member states should be established.
3) In order to assist successful conservation programmes for fishes and their habitats in Réunion, environmental education of the public (regarding water cycle,
saving water, importance of healthy aquatic environments,
impact of fisheries, threats and conservation) should be
intensified.
6 References
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7 Index
Valid taxa are printed in bold face.
aagilis, Callionymus..............................97
Abalistes stellatus................................115
Ablabys binotatus...................................41
Ablabys taenianotus..............................41
Ablennes hians......................................31
Abudefduf biocellatus.............................79
Abudefduf cingulum...............................81
Abudefduf glaucus..................................79
Abudefduf imparipennis.........................80
Abudefduf lacrymatus............................82
Abudefduf margariteus.........................77
Abudefduf melas.....................................81
Abudefduf saxatilis.................................77
Abudefduf septemfasciatus...................77
Abudefduf sexfasciatus.........................77
Abudefduf sordidus...............................77
Abudefduf sparoides.............................77
Abudefduf vaigiensis.............................77
Abudefduf xanthozonus..........................79
Abudefduf zonatus..................................79
Abyssal cutthroat eel..............................18
abyssale, Meadia....................................18
abyssalis, Meadia..................................18
Acanthias vulgaris.................................11
acanthiger, Caelorinchus.....................26
Acanthocybium solandri..................... 111
Acanthonus armatus.............................27
Acanthopagrus bifasciatus...................65
acanthops, Centropyge..........................74
Acanthuridae......................................106
Acanthurus annularis...........................106
Acanthurus bleekeri.............................107
Acanthurus blochii..............................106
Acanthurus dussumieri.......................106
Acanthurus elongatus...........................107
Acanthurus fuliginosus........................108
Acanthurus gahm.................................107
Acanthurus gahmoides.........................108
Acanthurus guttatus............................106
Acanthurus leucosternon....................106
Acanthurus lineatus............................106
Acanthurus lineolatus..........................107
Acanthurus mata.................................107
Acanthurus mataa................................107
Acanthurus matoides............................108
Acanthurus nigricans...........................107
Acanthurus nigricauda.......................107
Acanthurus nigrofuscus.....................107
Acanthurus olivaceus...........................107
Acanthurus orbicularis........................107
Acanthurus polyzona..........................107
Acanthurus strigosus............................108
Acanthurus tennentii..........................107
Acanthurus thompsoni........................107
Acanthurus triostegus.........................107
Acanthurus velifer................................110
Acanthurus xanthopterus...................108
Acentrogobius cauerensis....................101
Achirus marmoratus............................115
acinaces, Gerres.....................................64
Acropomatidae.....................................42
aculeatus, Argyropelecus......................23
aculeatus, Balistes................................117
aculeatus, Rhinecanthus.....................117
acuminatus, Heniochus........................74
acutipinnis, Cotylopus.........................100
acutipinnis, Sphyraena.......................110
Adorned wrasse......................................85
adusta, Myripristis.................................33
adusta, Pempheris.................................70
aequatoris, Holcomycteronus...............27
aeruginosus, Julis..................................89
Aethaloperca albomarginata.................47
Aethaloperca rogaa...............................43
Aetiasis cantharoides.............................62
Aetobatus narinari................................12
affinis, Euthynnus...............................112
affinis, Synaphobranchus.....................18
African butterflyfish...............................71
African coris...........................................85
African eel-blenny.................................49
African flyingfish...................................30
African longfin eel.................................14
African mottled eel................................13
African pygmy angelfish........................74
African righteye flounder.....................114
African whitespotted rabbitfish............106
africana, Coris.......................................85
africanus, Xenisthmus........................105
agassizii, Pomacentrus..........................81
Agile chromis.........................................78
agilis, Chromis......................................78
Agonostoma dobuloides.........................29
Agonostoma telfairi................................29
Agonostomus telfairii............................29
Aigle de mer commun............................13
Aigle de mer léopard..............................12
Aigrette..................................................65
Aiguillat à peau rugueuse.......................11
Aiguillat nez court..................................11
Aiguille..................................................32
alalungà, Germo..................................112
alalunga, Thunnus..............................112
alba, Cyclothone....................................23
albacares, Thunnus.............................112
Albacore...............................................112
albifasciatus, Stegastes.........................81
albimaculatus, Bodianus........................83
albimarginata, Variola..........................49
albimarginatus, Carcharhinus...............8
albimarginatus, Cryptotomus.................90
albo-guttata, Diacope............................61
albomarginata, Aethaloperca................47
albomarginata, Gracila.........................47
albonubes, Tanichthys...........................23
albopunctatus, Gobius...........................99
albovittata, Stethojulis...........................89
Albula bananus......................................13
Albula glossodonta................................13
Albula oligolepis....................................13
Albula vulpes..........................................13
Albulidae...............................................13
Alectis indica.........................................55
Aleuteres laevis....................................118
Alfonsino...............................................32
allardi, Amphiprion...............................78
Allard’s anemonefish.............................78
alletteratus, Euthynnus........................112
Allothunnus fallai............................... 111
Almaco jack...........................................58
Alopias superciliosus..............................8
Alopias vulpes..........................................8
Alopias vulpinus......................................8
Alopiidae.................................................8
alticlarens, Priacanthus.........................50
138
Alticus kirkii...........................................94
Alticus monochrus................................94
Alticus saliens........................................94
Alticus saltatorius..................................94
alticus, Salarias.....................................94
altipinnis, Conger..................................20
altipinnis, Pimelepterus.........................71
altipinnoides, Pimelepterus....................71
Aluteres monoceros.............................118
Aluteres rhinoceros..............................119
Aluteres scriptus..................................118
Amanses sandwichiensis......................118
Amanses scopas...................................118
Amatitlania nigrofasciata.....................76
Ambache................................................42
Ambache blanc.......................................58
Ambache du large..................................42
Ambasse.................................................42
Ambassidae...........................................42
Ambassis ambassis................................42
ambassis, Centropomus.........................42
Ambassis commersonii...........................42
Ambassis gymnocephalus.......................42
Ambassis natalensis..............................42
amblycephalum, Thalassoma...............89
amblycephalus, Thalassoma..................89
Amblycirrhitus bimacula......................75
Amblyeleotris aurora............................98
Amblyeleotris latifasciata......................98
Amblyeleotris periophthalma................98
Amblyeleotris steinitzi...........................98
Amblyeleotris wheeleri..........................99
Amblygaster sirm..................................21
Amblygobius semicinctus......................99
amblyrhynchos, Carcharhinus...............9
Amblyrhynchotes oblongus..................123
amboinensis, Canthigaster.................121
Amoya signata.......................................99
Amphacanthus luridus.........................105
Amphacanthus sutor............................106
Amphiprion allardi................................78
Amphiprion chrysogaster......................78
Amphiprion polymnus............................78
Amphiprion trifasciatus.........................78
analis, Diacope......................................61
analis, Serranus.....................................43
Anampses caeruleopunctatus...............82
Anampses cuvieri...................................82
Anampses diadematus............................82
Anampses lineatus................................82
Anampses melanurus.............................82
Anampses meleagrides..........................82
Anampses twistii....................................82
Ananas batard.........................................43
Anarchias seychellensis........................14
anas, Pristipoma....................................65
Anchois-moustache sardine...................21
Anchovies..............................................21
Angelfishes.............................................74
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
Anglerfishes...........................................28
Anglers...................................................28
Anguilla bengalensis labiata..................13
Anguilla bicolor....................................13
Anguilla bicolor bicolor.........................13
Anguilla labiata.....................................13
Anguilla marmorata..............................14
Anguilla mauritiana...............................14
Anguilla mossambica............................14
Anguilla nebulosa labiata......................13
anguillare, Dysomma............................18
anguillaris, Plotosus..............................23
Anguille à longue nageoire....................14
Anguille à nageoire courte.....................13
Anguille à nez court...............................18
Anguille marbrée africaine....................13
Anguillidae............................................13
angulosus, Balistes...............................116
angustatus, Apogon................................52
angustatus, Ostorhinchus.....................52
angustatus, Ostorhynchus......................52
angustirostris, Tetrapturus..................113
Anisochromis kenyae..............................49
Anisochromis mascarenensis...............49
Anjer goby...........................................101
anjerensis, Gnatholepis.......................101
Anjouan blenny......................................95
anjouanae, Damania.............................95
anjouanae, Holocentrus.........................34
annularis, Acanthurus..........................106
annulata, Chrysiptera...........................79
annulatus, Hologymnosus....................86
annulatus, Julis......................................86
Anoli à deux taches................................24
Anoli bigarré....................................24, 25
Anoli grêle.............................................24
Anoli nuageux........................................24
Anoli serpent..........................................25
Anomalopidae.......................................32
Antennablennius bifilum......................94
Antennariidae.......................................28
Antennarius coccineus..........................28
Antennarius commerson.......................28
Antennarius hispidus............................28
Antennarius histrio................................29
Antennarius marmoratus.......................29
Antennarius nummifer.........................28
Antennarius pictus................................28
Antennarius sarasa................................28
Antennarius scriptissimus....................28
Antennarius striatus..............................28
antennata, Pterois.................................39
Anthias bimaculatus...............................48
Anthias cooperi......................................48
Anthias evansi........................................48
Anthias squammipinnis..........................49
anthioides, Bodianus.............................83
Antigonia capros.................................114
Antigonia rubescens............................114
Neue Serie 2
antiquorum, Pristis................................11
Anyperodon leucogrammicus...............43
Aphareus caerulescens...........................60
Aphareus furca......................................60
Aphareus rutilans..................................60
Apogon à cinq branches.........................52
Apogon à grandes dents.........................51
Apogon à queue bandée.........................52
Apogon angustatus.................................52
Apogon apogonoides..............................52
Apogon caudicinctus.............................51
Apogon coccineus..................................51
Apogon fasciatus....................................52
Apogon fraenatus...................................53
Apogon fuscus........................................52
Apogon indicus......................................51
Apogon kallopterus................................53
Apogon quadrifasciatus.........................52
Apogon savayensis.................................52
Apogon semiornatus.............................51
Apogon taeniophorus.............................53
Apogonichthys ocellatus.......................51
Apogonidae...........................................51
apogonoides, Apogon.............................52
apogonoides, Ostorhinchus..................52
Apolemichthys guezei............................74
Apolemichthys trimaculatus.................74
Apolemichthys xanthurus.....................74
apora, Hetereleotris.............................102
aprinus, Cirrhitichthys...........................75
Aprion brevirostris.................................62
Aprion microlepis...................................62
Aprion virescens....................................60
Apsilus fuscus.........................................62
Apterichthys klazingai............................18
Apterichtus klazingai............................18
aquila, Myliobatis..................................13
Arab blenny............................................96
arab, Plotosus........................................23
arcatus, Paracirrhites...........................76
Arc-eye hawkfish...................................76
archiepiscopus, Ostichthys...................34
archionema, Uranoscopus....................92
Archocentrus nigrofasciatus..................76
arcuatus, Balistes.................................117
arenatus, Cheilinus................................88
arenatus, Oxycheilinus.........................88
argalus, Platybelone..............................31
argentatus, Promecocephalus..............122
argenteus, Monodactylus......................71
argenteus, Phosichthys.........................24
argenteus, Siganus..............................105
argentimaculatus, Lutjanus..................60
argus, Cephalopholis............................43
argus, Epinephelus.................................43
argus, Ostracion...................................119
argyreus, Gerres.....................................64
Argyripnus sp.........................................23
argyrogrammicus, Pristipomoides........62
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
argyro-grammiscus, Serranus................62
argyropastus, Physiculus......................26
Argyropelecus aculeatus.......................23
Argyropelecus hemigymnus..................24
Argyrops filamentosus..........................65
Argyrops spinifer...................................65
Ariosoma mauritianum.........................20
armatus, Acanthonus............................27
armatus, Carangoides...........................55
Armoured searobins...............................41
Armourheads..........................................75
Arothron caeruleopunctatus...............120
Arothron hispidus...............................120
Arothron immaculatus........................120
Arothron mappa..................................120
Arothron meleagris.............................121
Arothron nigropunctatus....................121
Arothron stellatus................................121
Arrowfin bigeye.....................................51
aruanus, Dascyllus................................80
Aseraggodes diringeri.........................114
Aseraggodes guttulatus.......................115
asper, Cirrhigaleus................................11
asper, Squalus........................................11
Aspidontus dussumieri..........................94
Aspidontus taeniatus..............................94
Aspidontus tractus.................................94
aspricaudus, Pervagor........................119
assasi, Balistes.....................................117
Asterropteryx semipunctata..................99
Atherina pectoralis.................................30
Atherina pinguis.....................................30
Athérine têtue.........................................30
Atherinidae...........................................30
Atherinomorus lacunosus.....................30
Atlantic tripletail....................................64
atricauda, Clupea..................................22
atripectoralis, Chromis.........................78
atrolumbus, Cossyphus..........................83
Atule mate..............................................55
audax, Kajikia.....................................113
audax, Makaira....................................113
audax, Tetrapturus...............................113
augusti, Muraena...................................18
Aulacocephalus temminckii..................43
Aulostoma chinensis...............................36
Aulostomidae........................................36
Aulostomus chinensis...........................36
Aulostomus valentini..............................36
aurantia, Cephalopholis.......................43
aurantius, Epinephelus..........................43
auratus, Carassius.................................23
auratus, Chelio.......................................84
aureolineatus, Gnathodentex...............66
aureus, Centropomus.............................52
aureus, Ostorhinchus............................52
auricilla, Pristipomoides.......................62
auriflamma, Mulloidichthys.................68
auriga, Chaetodon.................................71
auriga, Tetragonoptrus..........................71
aurolineatus, Gnathodentex...................66
aurolineatus, Neoniphon......................34
auromarginatus, Xanthichthys...........117
aurora, Amblyeleotris...........................98
australis, Remora..................................54
Auxis rochei........................................ 111
Auxis rochei rochei.............................. 111
Auxis thazard...................................... 111
Auxis thazard thazard.......................... 111
Awaous commersoni.............................99
axillaris, Bodianus................................83
axillaris, Chromis..................................78
axillaris, Julis.........................................89
axillaris, Mugil.......................................30
Axilspot hogfish.....................................83
Axinurus dipeltis..................................109
Axinurus leptopeltis.............................109
aygula, Coris.........................................84
Aylopon mauritianus..............................48
Baelama anchovy...................................21
baelama, Thryssa..................................21
bagio, Muraenesox................................21
baillonii, Trachinotus............................58
bairdianus, Sphyraenops......................53
Balaou....................................................31
Balibot rayé............................................23
Balistapus undulatus..........................115
Baliste clown........................................115
Baliste double-queue............................117
Baliste léopard.....................................115
Baliste masqué.....................................117
Baliste verdâtre....................................115
Balistes aculeatus.................................117
Balistes angulosus................................116
Balistes arcuatus..................................117
Balistes assasi......................................117
Balistes bursa.......................................117
Balistes calolepis.................................117
Balistes cinereus..................................117
Balistes conspicillum...........................115
Balistes frenatus...................................117
Balistes gutturosus...............................117
Balistes lineo-punctatus.......................118
Balistes maculatus...............................116
Balistes niger.......................................116
Balistes noir.........................................116
Balistes reticulatus...............................116
Balistes ringens....................................118
Balistidae.............................................115
Balistoides conspicillum.....................115
Balistoides conspiculum.......................115
Balistoides viridescens........................115
Ballon à bande argentée.......................122
Balloon porcupinefish..........................123
balteatus, Julis.......................................89
Banane..............................................13, 84
bananus, Albula.....................................13
139
Bancloche...............................................57
Bandcheek wrasse..................................88
Band-dot goatfish...................................69
Banded grunt..........................................65
Banded lizardfish...................................24
Banded sergeant.....................................77
Banded snake eel....................................19
Bandfin cardinalfish...............................53
Bandroie marache..................................28
Bandtail cardinal....................................52
Barbé......................................................68
Barbel flyingfish.....................................31
barberinus, Parupeneus........................68
Barbue....................................................68
Barbure indien........................................67
Barbure rayé...........................................68
Barfaced sandperch................................93
Barracuda.............................................110
barracuda, Sphyraena.........................110
Barracudas............................................110
Barred blenny.........................................95
Barred filefish.......................................118
Barred flagtail.........................................50
Barred moray.........................................15
Barred needlefish...................................31
Barred prawn goby...............................100
Barred thicklip wrasse............................86
Bar-tailed moray....................................17
Bassozetus galatheae............................27
Bassozetus glutinosus............................27
Batavia noir............................................62
Batfishes...............................................105
Bathycongrus wallacei..........................20
Bathygobius coalitus.............................99
Bathygobius cocosensis........................99
Bathygobius cotticeps............................99
Bathygobius cyclopterus.....................100
Bathygobius fuscus.............................100
Bathygobius niger................................100
Bathygobius smithi..............................100
bathyoreos, Halieutopsis.......................29
bauchotae, Channomuraena................14
Baxou.....................................................67
bayeri, Enchelycore...............................15
Beaked sandfish.....................................22
beanii, Serrivomer.................................21
Bearded brotula......................................27
Beardfishes.............................................26
Beau clair...............................................50
Beau clair de roche.................................50
Beau clair du large...........................50, 51
Beau clair miroir....................................50
Beauclaire..............................................35
Beauclaire aile sagitté............................51
Beauclaire longue aile............................50
Beautiful fusilier....................................63
Bécune..................................................110
Bécune obtuse......................................110
bellus, Istiblennius................................96
140
Belone crocodila....................................32
Belone melanostigma.............................31
Belonidae...............................................31
Bengal snapper.......................................60
bengalensis labiata, Anguilla.................13
bengalensis, Lutjanus...........................60
bennetti, Canthigaster.........................121
bennettii, Channomuraena.....................14
Benthodesmus elongatus.................... 111
Benthosema fibulatum..........................25
Béquine..................................................67
berndti, Myripristis................................33
berndti, Polymixia..................................26
Berycidae..............................................32
Berycids.................................................32
Beryx commun.......................................32
Beryx decadactylus................................32
bicarinatus, Doryrhamphus..................37
Bichique.......................................100, 103
bicoarctatus, Trachyrhamphus.............37
bicolor, Anguilla...................................13
bicolor, Cetoscarus................................90
bicolor, Fowlerella.................................87
bicolor, Labroides..................................87
Bicoloured bristlemouth.........................23
Bicoloured cleaner wrasse.....................87
Bicoloured parrotfish.............................90
Bicoloured toby....................................122
bifasciatus, Acanthopagrus..................65
bifasciatus, Mullus.................................69
bifasciatus, Parupeneus.........................69
bifilum, Antennablennius.....................94
bifilum, Croaltus.....................................94
Big angler...............................................28
Bigeye barenose.....................................67
Bigeye emperor......................................67
Bigeye kingfish......................................56
Bigeye scad............................................58
Bigeye sixgill shark................................11
Bigeye stumpnose..................................66
Bigeye thresher........................................8
Bigeye trevally.......................................56
Bigeye tuna..........................................112
Bigeyes...................................................50
bigibbus, Kyphosus...............................70
Bignose unicornfish.............................109
Bigscale soldierfish................................33
Bigspot grouper......................................45
Bigspot rockcod.....................................45
Bigtooth pomfret....................................59
bimacula, Amblycirrhitus.....................75
bilunulatus, Bodianus...........................83
bilunulatus, Cossyphus..........................83
bimaculatus, Anthias..............................48
bimaculatus, Bodianus.........................83
bimaculatus, Oxycheilinus...................88
bimaculatus, Pseudanthias...................48
binotatus, Ablabys..................................41
binotatus, Synodus................................24
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
biocellatus, Abudefduf............................79
biocellatus, Chaetodon..........................72
biocellatus, Dendrochirus.....................39
bipartitus, Macropharyngodon.............87
bipinnulata, Elagatis.............................57
Birdbeak burrfish.................................123
Birdfish...................................................85
birostris, Manta.....................................12
bispinatus, Euprotomicrus....................10
bispinnosus, Centropyge........................74
bispinosa, Centropyge...........................74
Black jack...............................................56
Black kingfish........................................56
Black marlin.........................................113
Black minigoby....................................100
Black pomfret.........................................57
Black pyramid butterflyfish....................73
Black ribbontail ray................................12
Black snapper.........................................62
Black snoek.......................................... 111
Black sweetlips......................................65
Black triggerfish...................................116
Black-and-white snapper.......................62
Black-axil chromis.................................78
Black-backed butterflyfish.....................72
Black-banded hogfish.............................83
Black-banded trevally............................58
Blackbar devil........................................80
Blackbar filefish...................................119
Black-barred halfbeak............................31
Black-barred surgeonfish.....................107
Blackblotch squirrelfish.........................35
blackburni, Chaetodon...........................71
blackburnii, Chaetodon........................71
Blackburn’s butterflyfish........................71
Blackchins..............................................25
Blackedge thicklip wrasse......................86
Black-edged butterflyfish.......................71
Black-edged conger...............................20
Black-edged sweeper.............................70
Blackfin dartfish...................................104
Blackfin pygmy goby...........................101
Blackfin squirrelfish...............................34
Blackfin triplefin....................................93
Blackflash ribbon fish............................26
Blacklip damsel......................................81
Blacksaddle coral grouper......................48
Blacksaddle goatfish..............................69
Blacksaddle mimic...............................119
Black-saddled toby...............................122
Blackside hawkfish................................76
Blackspot emperor.................................66
Blackspot goatfish..................................69
Blackspot hogfish...................................83
Blackspot sergeant.................................77
Blackspot snapper..................................61
Black-spotted electric ray......................12
Black-spotted hawkfish..........................76
Black-spotted puffer.............................121
Neue Serie 2
Black-spotted sweetlips.........................64
Blackstripe sweeper...............................70
Blacktail chromis...................................78
Blacktip kingfish....................................56
Blacktip reef shark...................................9
Blacktip sardinella.................................22
Blacktip shark..........................................9
Blacktip soldierfish................................33
Blacktip trevally.....................................56
Blackwing flyingfish..............................30
Blanche commune..................................64
Blanche fil..............................................64
Blanche gouvernail................................64
bleekeri, Acanthurus............................107
Blennechis dussumieri...........................94
Blenniella chrysospilos.........................94
Blenniella cyanostigma.........................94
Blenniella gibbifrons............................94
Blenniella periophthalmus...................94
Blennies..................................................94
Blenniidae.............................................94
Blennioides dussumieri..........................96
blochi, Trachinotus................................58
blochii, Acanthurus.............................106
blochii, Platax......................................105
blochii, Scarus........................................90
blochii, Trachinotus..............................58
Bloodspot pipefish.................................36
Bloodspot squirrelfish............................34
Blotcheye soldier...................................33
Blotcheye soldierfish..............................33
Blotch-necked moray.............................16
Blotchy rockcod.....................................45
Bludger...................................................55
Blue blanquillo.......................................54
Blue damsel............................................79
Blue fusilier............................................63
Blue marlin...........................................113
Blue Mauritius angelfish........................75
Blue pete................................................81
Blue razorfish.........................................87
Blue seachub..........................................71
Blue shark..............................................10
Blue smalltooth jobfish..........................60
Blue sprat...............................................22
Blue tilefish............................................54
Blue trevally...........................................55
Blue triggerfish.....................................116
Blue-and-yellow grouper.......................45
Blue-banded snapper..............................61
Blue-barred parrotfish............................91
Blue-dashed rockskipper........................94
Bluefin kingfish......................................56
Bluefin trevally.......................................56
Blue-green chromis................................79
Blueline herring.....................................22
Blue-lined flashlight fish........................32
Blue-lined large-eye seabream...............66
Blue-lined snapper.................................61
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
Blue-lined squirrelfish............................35
Blue-lined wrasse...................................89
Blueribbon demoiselle...........................79
Bluespine unicornfish...........................109
Bluespot mullet......................................30
Blue-spotted cornetfish..........................38
Blue-spotted goby..................................99
Blue-spotted jobfish...............................62
Blue-spotted puffer..............................120
Blue-spotted tamarin..............................82
Blue-spotted wrasse...............................82
Bluestreak cleaner wrasse......................87
Bluestreak fusilier..................................63
Bluestreak goby...................................104
Bluestripe herring...................................22
Blue-striped snapper..............................61
Blunthead shark.....................................10
Bluntnose spiny dogfish.........................11
Bluntsnout gregory.................................82
Blunt-tooth conger.................................20
Boarfishes.............................................114
Bodianus albimaculatus.........................83
Bodianus anthioides..............................83
Bodianus axillaris.................................83
Bodianus bilunulatus............................83
Bodianus bimaculatus..........................83
Bodianus diana.....................................83
Bodianus hirsutus..................................83
Bodianus leucosticticus........................83
Bodianus macrourus.............................83
Bodianus opercularis............................83
Bodianus perditio..................................83
bodianus, Cossyphus..............................83
boelama, Engraulis................................21
boenack, Epinephelus............................43
boenak, Cephalopholis..........................43
bohar, Lutjanus.....................................61
Bolinichthys supralateralis...................25
bonaparti, Ophichthus..........................19
Bonefishes..............................................13
Bonhomme tombé..................................61
Bonite...................................................112
Bonite à gros yeux...............................112
Bonite kalou.........................................112
Bonite la côte.......................................112
Bonite oriental......................................112
Bonpartère..............................................85
Bony-eared assfish.................................27
Boomerang triggerfish.........................117
boops, Priacanthus................................50
borbonica, Solea..................................115
borbonicus, Lethrinus...........................66
borbonicus, Mugil..................................30
borbonicus, Myripristis..........................33
borbonicus, Odax...................................88
borbonicus, Serranus.............................45
borboniensis, Echeneis..........................55
borboniensis, Hippocampus.................37
borbonius, Myripristis...........................33
borbonius, Odontanthias......................48
borbonius, Serranus...............................48
botche, Myripristis.................................33
Bothidae..............................................114
Bothus mancus....................................114
Bothus pantherinus.............................114
bourboni, Lepidaplois............................83
bourboniensis, Echeneis........................55
bourboniensis, Rhombus......................114
Bourse.......................................... 116, 118
Bourse à lunette....................................118
Bourse à taches blanches.....................118
Bourse de fond.....................................120
Bourse jaune.........................................115
Bourse loulou.......................................118
Bourse mulet........................................115
Bourse noire.........................................116
Bourse piastre.......................................115
Bourse pièce.........................................115
Bourse rayon de miel...........................118
Bourse revolver....................................117
Bouvetanne..................................120, 123
bowditchae, Myripristis.........................33
Bowtie damselfish..................................80
Boxer snipe eel.......................................21
Boxfishes..............................................119
brachio, Synanceia.................................41
brachycentron, Naso...........................108
brachyptera, Remora.............................54
brachypterus, Dendrochirus.................39
brachypterus, Echeneis..........................54
brachypterus, Parexocoetus..................31
brachysoma, Choeroichthys...................36
brachysoma, Doryichthys......................36
brachysoma, Exocoetus..........................31
Brachysomophis crocodilinus..............19
brachyurus millepunctatus, Microphis..37
brachyurus, Microphis...........................37
Brama dussumieri.................................59
Brama orcini.........................................59
Bramidae...............................................59
Branchiostegus doliatus........................53
Brassy chub............................................71
Brassy kingfish.......................................56
Brassy trevally.......................................56
braueri, Cyclothone...............................23
brevidorsalis, Synaphobranchus..........18
brevipinna, Carcharhinus.......................9
brevirostris, Aprion................................62
brevirostris, Malacanthus.....................54
brevirostris, Naseus..............................108
brevirostris, Naso................................108
brevis, Exallias......................................96
Bridled cardinalfish................................53
Bridled parrotfish...................................91
Bridled spinecheek.................................67
Brighteye damsel...................................80
Brilliant pomfret.....................................59
Brindlebass.............................................45
141
Bristlemouth...........................................23
Bristlemouths.........................................23
Broadband prawn goby..........................98
Broad-banded cardinalfish.....................52
Broad-barred firefish..............................39
Broad-striped cardinalfish......................52
Bronze sweeper......................................70
Broom filefish......................................118
Brosmophyciops pautzkei.......................27
Brotula burbonensis...............................27
Brotula multibarbata............................27
Brotule barbe-de-boue...........................27
Brown chub............................................70
Brownburnie..........................................71
Brown-marbled grouper.........................45
brownriggii, Chrysiptera.......................79
Brown-spotted rockcod..........................44
Brown-spotted spinefoot......................105
Brushtail tang.......................................109
Brushtooth butterflyfish.........................73
Bucktooth parrotfish...............................90
Bull shark.................................................9
bullata, Thyrsoidea................................16
Bullet tuna............................................ 111
Bullethead parrotfish..............................90
Bullethead rockskipper..........................94
Bumpnose trevally.................................56
burbonensis, Brotula..............................27
buroensis, Gymnothorax.......................15
bursa, Balistes......................................117
bursa, Sufflamen.................................117
bursarius, Triodon...............................120
busakhini, Polymixia............................26
Butis butis..............................................98
Butterfly breams.....................................67
Butterflyfishes........................................71
Bythitidae..............................................27
Cabillus tongarevae............................100
Cabot......................................................99
Cabot à bouche ronde...................100, 103
Cabot aux yeux vert...............................45
Cabot cafre.............................................46
Cabot de cascade..................................100
Cabot de fond...................................45, 46
Cabot grosse écaille...............................45
Cabot guignan........................................44
Cabot lézard.........................................103
Cabot marare..........................................98
Cabot nègre............................................46
Cabot noir.........................................46, 98
Cabot rayé......................................65, 103
Cabot sale.........................................45, 46
Caduchon...............................................22
Caelorinchus acanthiger......................26
caerulaurea, Caesio..............................63
caerulaureus, Caesio.............................63
caeruleo-pinnatus, Caranx....................55
caeruleopunctatus, Anampses..............82
142
caeruleopunctatus, Arothron..............120
caeruleopunctatus, Epinephelus............44
caerulescens, Aphareus..........................60
caeruleus, Chromis................................79
caeruleus, Gobius................................103
caeruleus, Gomphosus..........................85
caeruleus, Pomacentrus........................81
Caesio à croissant...................................63
Caesio à dos jaune..................................63
Caesio à dos jaune et bleu......................63
Caesio azuror.........................................63
Caesio caerulaurea...............................63
Caesio lunaris........................................63
Caesio teres............................................63
Caesio xanthonota................................63
Caesio xanthurus...................................62
Caesionidae...........................................63
Calico frogfish........................................28
Callechelys marmorata.........................19
Callionymidae.......................................97
Callionymus aagilis...............................97
Callogobius flavobrunneus.................100
Callogobius sclateri.............................100
Callyodon ghobban................................91
Callyodon oviceps..................................92
Callyodon speigleri................................91
calolepis, Balistes................................117
Calonnier côte........................................89
Calotomus carolinus.............................90
canadum, Rachycentron.......................51
canariensis, Umbrina............................67
Canary drum...........................................67
cancrivorus, Pisodonophis....................19
Candelamoa parrotfish...........................91
canescens, Zanclus...............................106
canina, Enchelynassa...........................15
cantharoides, Aetiasis............................62
Cantherhines dumerilii.......................118
Cantherhines fronticinctus.................118
Cantherhines pardalis.........................118
Canthidermis maculata.......................115
Canthigaster amboinensis..................121
Canthigaster bennetti..........................121
Canthigaster caudofasciatus................122
Canthigaster cyanospilota..................121
Canthigaster inframacula...................121
Canthigaster janthinoptera.................122
Canthigaster margaritatus...................121
Canthigaster natalensis......................122
Canthigaster rivulata..........................122
Canthigaster smithae..........................122
Canthigaster solandri..........................122
Canthigaster valentini.........................122
Canthogaster valentijni........................122
Cape armourhead...................................75
Cape conger...........................................20
Cape fathead.........................................113
Cape moony...........................................71
capensis, Cubiceps..............................113
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
capensis, Pentaceros.............................75
Capitaine................................................66
Capitaine blanc.......................................67
capitanus, Scarus...................................90
Caproidae............................................114
capros, Antigonia................................114
Captain parrotfish...................................90
Capucin............................................68, 69
Capucin malbar......................................68
Capucin queue jaune..............................68
Capucin sergent......................................68
Capuciva à bande jaune.........................68
Capuciva orange.....................................68
Caracanthus maculatus.........................38
Caracanthus madagascariensis............38
Caracanthus unipinna..........................39
Carangidae...........................................55
Carangoides armatus............................55
Carangoides chrysophrys......................55
Carangoides coeruleopinnatus.............55
Carangoides ferdau...............................55
Carangoides fulvoguttatus....................55
Carangoides gymnostethus...................55
Carangoides hedlandensis....................56
Carangoides oblongus..........................56
Carangoides orthogrammus.................56
Carangue................................................56
Carangue à longes nageoires..................56
Carangue aile bleue................................56
Carangue balo........................................55
Carangue blanc.......................................55
Carangue bleu........................................56
Carangue bronze....................................56
Carangue cochon....................................55
Carangue cocole.....................................56
Carangue dentue.....................................57
Carangue des Îles...................................56
Carangue folle........................................55
Carangue grosse tête..............................56
Carangue maté.......................................55
Carangue noire.......................................56
Carangue oblongue................................56
Carangue paia.........................................58
Carangue pailletée..................................55
Carangue royale jaune............................57
Carangue sap-sap...................................55
Carangue tachetée..................................55
Carangue tapir........................................55
Carangue têtue.......................................56
Carangue vorace.....................................56
Carangus hippos....................................57
carangus, Caranx...................................57
Caranx caeruleo-pinnatus.....................55
Caranx carangus....................................57
Caranx chrysophrys...............................55
Caranx crumenophthalmus....................58
Caranx gymnostethoides........................55
Caranx heberi........................................56
Caranx ignobilis....................................56
Neue Serie 2
Caranx lugubris....................................56
Caranx malabaricus..............................55
Caranx mate...........................................55
Caranx mauritianus...............................58
Caranx melampygus.............................56
Caranx papuensis..................................56
Caranx sexfasciatus..............................56
Carapidae.............................................26
Carapus homei.......................................26
Carassin doré..........................................23
Carassius auratus..................................23
carbunculus, Etelis...............................60
Carcharhinidae......................................8
Carcharhinus albimarginatus................8
Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos................9
Carcharhinus brevipinna........................9
Carcharhinus falciformis.......................9
Carcharhinus leucas...............................9
Carcharhinus limbatus...........................9
Carcharhinus longimanus......................9
Carcharhinus melanopterus...................9
Carcharhinus plumbeus.........................9
Carcharhinus sorrah............................10
Carcharhinus wheeleri.............................9
carcharias, Carcharodon........................8
Carcharodon carcharias.........................8
Cardinal......................................33, 34, 50
Cardinal fishes........................................51
Cardinal gros écailles.............................33
Cardinal lancette....................................35
Cardinal petit écailles.............................34
Cardinal queue jaune..............................33
carneus, Dascyllus................................80
carolinus, Calotomus............................90
Carpe commune.....................................23
carpio, Cyprinus....................................23
Carps and minnows................................23
Castagnole mignonne.............................59
Castagnoline noire.................................57
castaneus, Cirripectes...........................94
caudavittata, Kuhlia..............................50
caudavittatus, Dules...............................50
caudicinctus, Apogon............................51
caudimacula, Coris...............................85
caudimacula, Hemicoris........................85
caudimaculatum, Sargocentron...........34
caudimaculatus, Holocentrus................34
caudofasciatus, Canthigaster...............122
caudofasciatus, Scarus.........................91
caudovittatus, Genicanthus..................75
cauerensis, Acentrogobius...................101
cauerensis, Gnatholepis......................101
celestinus, Glyphisodon.........................77
Cendré....................................................62
centiquadrus, Labrus.............................85
Centrophoridae....................................11
Centrophorus moluccensis...................11
Centropomus ambassis..........................42
Centropomus aureus..............................52
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
Centropomus macrodon.........................51
Centropomus ruber................................35
Centropomus rupestris...........................50
Centropristis saponaceus.......................43
Centropyge acanthops...........................74
Centropyge bispinosa............................74
Centropyge debelius..............................75
Centropyge diacanthus..........................74
Centropyge interruptus..........................75
Centropyge multispinis.........................75
Centroscymnus crepidater....................10
Cephalacanthus spinarella....................38
Cephalopholis argus.............................43
Cephalopholis aurantia........................43
Cephalopholis boenak...........................43
Cephalopholis cyanostigma...................44
Cephalopholis gibbus............................44
Cephalopholis leopardus......................43
Cephalopholis miniata..........................43
Cephalopholis polleni...........................44
Cephalopholis sexmaculata..................44
Cephalopholis sonnerati.......................44
Cephalopholis spiloparaea....................44
Cephalopholis urodeta..........................44
cephalotes, Mugil...................................30
cephalus, Mugil.....................................30
Ceratoscopelus warmingii....................25
Cerf volant.............................................62
Cetoscarus bicolor.................................90
Cetoscarus ocellatus..............................90
Chaetodon auriga..................................71
Chaetodon biocellatus...........................72
Chaetodon blackburni............................71
Chaetodon blackburnii.........................71
Chaetodon chrysurus.............................72
Chaetodon cornutus.............................106
Chaetodon diacanthus...........................74
Chaetodon dolosus................................71
Chaetodon guezei...................................74
Chaetodon guttatissimus.......................72
Chaetodon interruptus..........................72
Chaetodon kleinii..................................72
Chaetodon lineolatus............................72
Chaetodon lunula..................................72
Chaetodon maculatus.............................72
Chaetodon madagaskariensis...............72
Chaetodon melannotus.........................72
Chaetodon mesogallicus........................73
Chaetodon meyeri.................................72
Chaetodon mitratus...............................73
Chaetodon nigripinnatus.......................73
Chaetodon trifascialis...........................73
Chaetodon trifasciatus..........................73
Chaetodon unimaculatus.......................72
Chaetodon vagabundus........................73
Chaetodon xanthocephalus..................73
Chaetodon zanzibarensis......................73
Chaetodontidae....................................71
Chalixodytes chameleontoculis..............92
Chalixodytes tauensis............................92
chameleontoculis, Chalixodytes.............92
Chanidae...............................................22
Channomuraena bauchotae.................14
Channomuraena bennettii......................14
Chano.....................................................22
Chanos chanos......................................22
Chanos lubina........................................22
Chaunacidae.........................................29
Chaunax umbrinus...............................29
Checked swallowtail..............................48
Checkerboard wrasse.............................85
Cheek-lined wrasse................................88
Cheek-scaled frillgoby...........................99
Cheilinus arenatus.................................88
Cheilinus chlorourus............................84
Cheilinus diagrammus...........................88
Cheilinus fasciatus................................84
Cheilinus lunulatus................................84
Cheilinus oxycephalus..........................84
Cheilinus radiatus..................................88
Cheilinus trilobatus...............................84
Cheilinus undulatus..............................84
Cheilio inermis......................................84
Cheilodipterus lineatus.........................51
Cheilodipterus macrodon.......................51
Cheilodipterus polyacanthus.................52
Cheilodipterus quinquelineatus............52
Cheilopogon cyanopterus.....................30
Cheilopogon furcatus............................30
Cheilopogon nigricans..........................30
Cheimerius nufar..................................65
Chelio auratus........................................84
Chelio cyano-chloris..............................84
Chelon melinopterus.............................29
Chestnut blenny.....................................94
Chétodon à croissant..............................72
Chétodon à demi-deuil.....................71, 74
Chétodon à dos noir...............................72
Chétodon à tache de citron.....................72
Chétodon à tête jaune.............................73
Chétodon à vagabond.............................73
Chétodon de Madagascar.......................72
Chétodon de Zanzibar............................73
Chétodon linéolé....................................72
Chétodon moucheté...............................72
Chevroned butterflyfish..........................73
Chien................................................83, 84
Chien noir...............................................86
Chilomycterus reticulatus...................123
Chilomycterus tigrinus.........................123
chilospilus, Gymnothorax.....................15
chiltonae, Thysanophrys.......................42
Chinard...................................................58
chinensis, Aulostomus..........................36
Chinese trumpetfish...............................36
Chinestripe goby..................................103
Chironectes coccineus............................28
Chironectes hispidus..............................28
143
Chironectes mesogallicus......................29
Chironectes nesogallicus.......................29
Chironectes scaber.................................28
Chirurgien............................................108
Chiseltooth wrasse.................................88
Chitte......................................................29
Chlorophthalmidae..............................24
Chlorophthalmus sp...............................24
Chlopsidae............................................14
chlorostigma, Epinephelus...................44
chlorourus, Cheilinus...........................84
Chlorurus enneacanthus......................90
Chlorurus japanensis............................90
Chlorurus sordidus...............................90
Chlorurus strongylocephalus...............90
Chocolate dip.........................................78
Chocolate hind.......................................43
Chocolate surgeonfish..........................107
Choerodon robustus..............................84
Choeroichthys brachysoma....................36
Choeroichthys sculptus.........................36
Choeroichthys valencienni...................36
Choerops dodecacanthus.......................84
choram, Mastaccembelus.......................32
Chorinemus Commersonii.....................57
Chorinemus lysan..................................58
Chorinemus mauritianus........................58
Chorinemus sanctipetri..........................58
Chorinemus tol.......................................58
Christmas parrotfish...............................90
Christmas wrasse...................................89
Chromis agilis.......................................78
Chromis atripectoralis..........................78
Chromis axillaris...................................78
Chromis caeruleus.................................79
Chromis chrysura..................................78
Chromis dimidiata.................................78
Chromis leucura....................................78
Chromis nigrura....................................78
Chromis opercularis..............................78
Chromis simulans...................................79
Chromis ternatensis..............................79
Chromis viridis......................................79
Chromis weberi.....................................79
Chromis xanthura.................................79
Chromis xanthurus.................................79
chryseredros, Parupeneus......................68
chryseredros, Upeneus...........................68
chryseres, Myripristis............................33
Chrysiptera annulata............................79
Chrysiptera brownriggii........................79
Chrysiptera glauca................................79
Chrysiptera leucopoma..........................79
Chrysiptera unimaculata......................79
chrysogaster, Amphiprion.....................78
chrysophrys, Carangoides.....................55
chrysophrys, Caranx..............................55
chrysoptera, Hemibalistes....................117
chrysopterum, Sufflamen....................117
144
chrysospilos, Blenniella........................94
chrysotaenia, Sphyraena......................110
chrysura, Chromis.................................78
chrysurus, Chaetodon............................72
chrysurus, Pomacentrus.........................81
Cichlidae...............................................76
Cichlids..................................................76
Cigar wrasse...........................................84
ciliatus, Moronopsis...............................50
ciliatus, Parupeneus..............................68
cincta, Priolepis...................................103
cinctus, Cirrhites....................................76
cinctus, Priolepis.................................103
cinerascens, Heliastes............................79
cinerascens, Kyphosus..........................71
cinerascens, Sciaena..............................71
cinereus, Balistes.................................117
cinereus, Conger...................................20
cinereus, Muraenesox......................20, 21
cinereus, Rhinecanthus......................117
cingulum, Abudefduf..............................81
Cinnabar goatfish...................................69
cinnabarinus, Parupeneus.....................69
Circular spadefish.................................105
Cirrhigaleus asper.................................11
Cirrhites cinctus.....................................76
Cirrhites guichenoti...............................75
Cirrhites maculatus................................76
Cirrhites marmoratus.............................76
Cirrhites pantherinus.............................76
Cirrhites punctatus.................................76
Cirrhitichthys aprinus............................75
Cirrhitichthys guichenoti......................75
Cirrhitichthys oxycephalus....................75
Cirrhitidae............................................75
Cirrhitops fasciatus...............................76
Cirrhitus fasciatus..................................76
Cirrhitus pinnulatus..............................76
Cirripectes castaneus............................94
Cirripectes polyzona..............................95
Cirripectes quagga................................95
Cirripectes randalli...............................95
Cirripectes stigmaticus..........................95
Cirripectes variolosus............................94
citrinus, Gobiodon...............................101
Clarisse africaine....................................85
Clarisse clown........................................84
Clingfishes.............................................97
Clinidae.................................................93
Clouded lizardfish..................................24
Cloudy dascyllus....................................80
Clown coris............................................84
Clown triggerfish.................................115
Clupanodon jussieui..............................22
Clupea atricauda...................................22
Clupea mauritiana.................................22
Clupea melanura....................................22
Clupeidae..............................................21
Clupeonia commersonii.........................22
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
Clupeonia fasciata.................................22
Clupeonia jussieui..................................22
Coachman..............................................74
Coachwhip trevally................................56
coalitus, Bathygobius............................99
Coastal kingfish......................................55
Coastal trevally......................................55
Cobia......................................................51
coccinea, Halieutaea.............................29
coccineus, Antennarius.........................28
coccineus, Apogon.................................51
coccineus, Chironectes...........................28
Cocher blanc........................................106
Cociella crocodila..................................42
Cockatoo waspfish.................................41
Cocos frillgoby.......................................99
cocosensis, Bathygobius.......................99
Coelorhynchus flabellispinus.................26
coeruleolineatus, Plesiops.....................49
coeruleomaculatus, Mugil......................30
coeruleopinnatus, Carangoides............55
coeruleopunctatus, Epinephelus..........44
Coffinfishes............................................29
Coffre...........................................119, 120
Coffre boufle........................................119
Coffre jaune.........................................119
Coffre pintade......................................120
Coin-bearing frogfish.............................28
Coin-coin................................................65
coioides, Epinephelus...........................45
Colas à bandes dorées............................62
Colas bagnard.........................................63
Colas dentu.............................................63
Colas drapeau.........................................62
Colas fil..................................................62
Colas lavande.........................................63
Colas orné..............................................62
Coloconger raniceps.............................20
Colocongridae.......................................20
Colombine pastel...................................86
colubrinus, Myrichthys.........................19
Comet grouper.......................................46
Comète macquereau...............................57
Comète maouane....................................57
Comète saumon......................................57
commerson, Antennarius......................28
commerson, Scomberomorus.............112
commersoni, Awaous............................99
commersoni, Sphyraena.......................110
commersonianus, Scomberoides..........57
commersonii, Ambassis..........................42
commersonii, Antennarius.....................28
commersonii, Chorinemus.....................57
commersonii, Clupeonia........................22
commersonii, Cybium..........................112
commersonii, Exocoetus........................31
commersonii, Fistularia........................38
commersonii, Gobius.............................99
commersonii, Hemirhamphus................31
Neue Serie 2
commersonii, Julis.................................89
commersonii, Psettus.............................71
commersonii, Stolephorus....................21
Commerson’s anchovy...........................21
Commerson’s freshwater goby..............99
Commerson’s frogfish............................28
Commerson’s glassy..............................42
Common carp.........................................23
Common dolphinfish..............................54
Common eagle ray.................................13
Common false moray.............................14
Common helmet gurnard.......................38
Common mojarra...................................64
Common mudskipper...........................103
Common parrotfish................................91
Common pike conger.............................21
Common ponyfish..................................59
Common remora....................................55
Common silver-biddy............................64
Common slipmouth................................59
Compère à taches blanches..................120
Compère à taches noires......................121
Compère étoilé.....................................121
Compère pintade..................................121
compressus, Epinephelus.......................46
concatenatus, Ostracion......................120
concatenatus, Tetrosomus...................120
conchyliatus, Lethrinus..........................66
concolor, Uropterygius.........................18
Conger altipinnis...................................20
Conger cinereus....................................20
Conger eels.............................................20
Conger wilsoni......................................20
Congre chabouk.....................................19
Congre jaune..........................................15
Congre noir............................................15
Congre oiro............................................20
Congre tacheté.................................16, 17
Congridae.............................................20
conspicillum, Balistes..........................115
conspicillum, Balistoides....................115
conspiculum, Balistoides......................115
Constellation fish...................................24
Contour rockcod.....................................46
Convict cichlid.......................................76
Convict goby........................................103
Convict surgeonfish.............................107
Cookeolus japonicus.............................50
cookii, Ostorhinchus.............................52
Cook’s cardinalfish.................................52
cooperi, Anthias.....................................48
cooperi, Pseudanthias...........................48
Coral beauty...........................................74
Coral hind...............................................43
Coral rockcod.........................................43
Coral scorpionfish..................................40
Coranthus polyacanthus.......................52
Cordonnier...........................................107
Coris africana........................................85
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
Coris aygula..........................................84
Coris caudimacula................................85
Coris cuvieri..........................................85
Coris formosa........................................85
Coris frerei............................................85
Coris gaimard........................................85
coris, Julis..............................................84
Corithoichthys flavofasciatus.................36
Cornette à taches bleues.........................38
Cornette rouge........................................38
cornuta, Lactoria.................................119
cornutus, Chaetodon............................106
cornutus, Ostracion.............................119
cornutus, Zanclus...............................106
Coronation grouper................................49
coruscans, Etelis...................................60
Coryphaena equigalis............................54
Coryphaena equiselis............................54
Coryphaena hippurus...........................54
Coryphaenidae.....................................54
Coryphène..............................................54
Coryphène dauphin................................54
Coryphopterus neophytus....................101
Corystion volitans..................................38
Corythoichthys fasciatus........................36
Corythoichthys flavofasciatus...............36
Corythoichthys haematopterus.............36
Corythoichthys schultzi.........................37
cosmetus, Halichoeres..........................85
Cossyphus atrolumbus...........................83
Cossyphus bilunulatus...........................83
Cossyphus bodianus...............................83
Cossyphus diana....................................83
Cossyphus macrourus............................83
Cossyphus maldat..................................83
Cossyphus maxillosus............................84
Cossyphus opercularis...........................83
Cossyphus rufus.....................................83
Cossyphus spilotes.................................83
costae, Samaris....................................114
Costa’s crested flounder.......................114
cotticeps, Bathygobius...........................99
Cotylopus acutipinnis..........................100
Cotylopus parvipinnis..........................100
Coulotte de singe....................................45
Cow sharks.............................................11
Crapaud..................................................41
Creediidae.............................................92
crenilabis, Crenimugil..........................29
Crenimugil crenilabis...........................29
Creole damsel.........................................81
crepidater, Centroscymnus...................10
Crescent-banded grunter........................50
Crested flounders.................................114
Crested oarfish.......................................26
Crestfishes..............................................26
Crimson jobfish......................................62
Crimsontip longfin.................................49
Cristacirrhitus punctatus......................76
Croaltus bifilum......................................94
crocineus, Lethrinus.............................66
crocodila, Belone...................................32
crocodila, Cociella.................................42
Crocodile flathead..................................42
Crocodile needlefish...............................32
Crocodile snake eel................................19
Crocodilefishes.......................................92
crocodilinus, Brachysomophis.............19
crocodilus fodiator, Tylosurus...............32
crocodilus, Platycephalus......................42
crocodilus, Tylosurus............................32
Crocro drapeau.......................................50
Crocro sauvage.......................................50
Croissant queue blanche........................49
Croissant queue jaune............................49
Crown squirrelfish..................................35
Crowned toby.......................................121
cruentatus, Heteropriacanthus.............50
cruentatus, Priacanthus.........................50
crumenophthalmus, Caranx...................58
crumenophthalmus, Selar.....................58
Cryptocentrus fasciatus......................100
Cryptocentrus filifer.............................102
Cryptotomus albimarginatus..................90
Cryptotomus spinidens...........................90
Ctenochaetus striatus..........................108
Ctenochaetus strigosus........................108
Ctenochaetus truncatus......................108
Ctenogobius pavidus..............................99
Cubiceps capensis...............................113
Cubiceps whiteleggii...........................113
cubicus, Ostracion...............................119
Cuisinier.................................................44
cunnesius, Moolgarda...........................29
Curious wormfish.................................104
curiosus, Gunnellichthys....................104
curtus, Pentapus.....................................66
curvirostris, Nemichthys.......................21
Cuskeels.................................................27
Cutlassfish............................................ 111
Cutlassfishes......................................... 111
Cutthroat eels.........................................18
cuvier, Galeocerdo................................10
cuvieri, Anampses..................................82
cuvieri, Coris.........................................85
cyano-chloris, Chelio.............................84
cyanoguttatus, Macropharyngodon.....87
cyanopterus, Cheilopogon....................30
cyanopterus, Solenostomus...................38
cyanospilota, Canthigaster.................121
cyanostigma, Blenniella........................94
cyanostigma, Cephalopholis..................44
cyanotaenia, Labrichthys.......................87
Cybium commersonii...........................112
Cyclichthys orbicularis.......................123
Cyclichthys spilostylus........................123
cyclopterus, Bathygobius....................100
cyclostomus, Parupeneus......................68
145
Cyclothone alba.....................................23
Cyclothone braueri................................23
Cyclothone jaune...................................23
Cyclothone microdon............................23
Cyclothone pallida................................23
Cymolutes praetextatus.........................85
cynodus, Saurus.....................................25
Cynoglossidae.....................................115
Cynoglossus lachneri..........................115
Cyprinidae............................................23
Cyprinocirrhites polyactis.....................76
cyprinoides, Eleotris..............................98
cyprinoides, Hypseleotris......................98
cyprinoides, Megalops...........................13
cyprinoides, Nestis.................................29
cyprinoides, Upeneus.............................68
Cyprinus carpio.....................................23
Cyprinus maillardi.................................23
Cypselurus naresii.................................30
Cypselurus poecilopterus......................30
Dactyloptena orientalis.........................38
Dactyloptena peterseni..........................38
Dactylopteridae....................................38
Dactylopterus orientalis.........................38
Daisy parrotfish......................................90
Dalatiidae..............................................10
dalgleishi, Xenolepidichthys.................36
Damania anjouanae..............................95
Damselfishes..........................................77
Dark-banded fusilier..............................64
Darkfin hind...........................................44
Dark-spotted scorpionfish......................41
Dascyllus aruanus.................................80
Dascyllus carneus.................................80
Dascyllus trimaculatus..........................80
Dash-and-dot goatfish............................68
Dasyatidae.............................................12
Dasyatis thetidis....................................12
Dasyatis violacea...................................12
Dauphin..................................................57
Dealfish..................................................26
debelius, Centropyge.............................75
decadactylus, Beryx...............................32
Decapterus kurroides............................57
Decapterus macarellus..........................57
Decapterus macrosoma..........................57
Decapterus russelli................................57
decemlineata, Diacope...........................61
decora, Nemateleotris..........................104
Decorated goby....................................102
decoratus, Istigobius...........................102
Decoy scorpionfish.................................39
Deepbody boarfish...............................114
Deepwater cardinalfishes.......................53
Deepwater scorpionfishes......................38
Deepwater soldier..................................34
Delicate round herring...........................22
delicatulus, Spratelloides......................22
146
delta, Ostichthys....................................34
Demi-bec bagnard..................................31
Demoiselle à trois taches.......................80
Demoiselle bleue....................................79
Dendrochirus biocellatus......................39
Dendrochirus brachypterus..................39
Dendrochirus zebra...............................39
Denté nufar.............................................65
dentex, Equula........................................59
dentex, Gazza.........................................58
dentex, Pseudocaranx...........................57
denticulatus, Epigonus.........................53
Dérivant indien.....................................113
dermatogenys, Synodus.........................24
dermochirus, Serranus...........................46
Desjardin’s sailfin tang.........................110
Devil firefish..........................................39
Devil scorpionfish..................................40
Diable de mer.........................................12
diabolus, Mobula...................................12
diabolus, Scorpaenopsis........................40
diacanthus, Centropyge.........................74
diacanthus, Chaetodon..........................74
Diacope albo-guttata.............................61
Diacope analis.......................................61
Diacope decemlineata............................61
Diacope duodecimlineata......................61
Diacope marginata................................61
Diacope octolineata...............................60
Diacope rivulata....................................61
Diacope sebae........................................62
diadema, Holocentrus............................35
diadema, Sargocentron.........................35
diadematus, Anampses...........................82
Diagonal goatfish...................................69
diagonalis, Parupeneus.........................69
Diagramma gaterina..............................64
Diagramma lineatus..............................64
Diagramma picta...................................64
Diagramme à lèvres rouges....................65
Diagramme moucheté............................64
Diagramme noire...................................65
Diagramme oriental...............................65
Diagramme voilier.................................64
diagrammus, Cheilinus..........................88
diana, Bodianus....................................83
diana, Cossyphus...................................83
Diana’s hogfish......................................83
Diaphus knappi.....................................25
dickii, Plectroglyphidodon....................80
Dick’s damsel.........................................80
digrammus, Oxycheilinus.....................88
Dilobomycterus hispidus......................120
Dilobomycterus sordidus.....................120
dimidiata, Chromis................................78
dimidiatus, Labroides............................87
Dinematichthys iluocoeteoides.............27
Diodon holocanthus............................123
Diodon hystrix.....................................123
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
Diodon liturosus..................................123
Diodon maculatus................................123
Diodon orbicularis...............................123
Diodontidae.........................................123
diodontus, Kaupichthys..........................14
dipeltis, Axinurus.................................109
diphreutes, Heniochus..........................74
diringeri, Aseraggodes........................114
diringeri, Pardachirus.........................114
Diringer’s sole......................................114
dispilus, Pseudocheilinus......................88
distigma, Eviota...................................100
Divided wrasse.......................................87
djiddensis, Rhynchobatus.....................12
dobuloides, Agonostoma........................29
dodecacanthus, Choerops......................84
Dodekablennos fraseri..........................95
Dogfish sharks........................................11
Dogtooth tuna.......................................112
doliatus, Branchiostegus.......................53
doliatus, Hologymnosus........................86
doliatus, Julis.........................................86
doliatus, Latilus.....................................54
dolosus, Chaetodon...............................71
Dolphinfishes.........................................54
Domingue...............................................76
Domino..................................................80
Dorée......................................................61
Dory snapper..........................................61
Doryichthys brachysoma.......................36
Doryichthys millepunctatus...................37
Doryichthys valenciennii.......................36
Doryrhamphus bicarinatus...................37
Doryrhamphus excisus...........................37
Doryrhamphus melanopleura................37
Dot-dash grouper...................................47
Dot-dash rockcod...................................47
Dottybacks.............................................49
Doubleband surgeonfish.......................107
Doublebar chromis.................................78
Double-ended pipefish...........................37
Doubleline toby....................................122
Doublespot tonguesole.........................115
Double-spotted queenfish.......................58
Doubletooth soldierfish..........................33
Doule de roche.......................................50
draco, Pegasus.......................................36
draconis, Eurypegasus..........................36
Dracula shrimp goby............................103
dracula, Stonogobiops.........................103
Dragon moray........................................15
Dragon wrasse........................................87
Dragonets...............................................97
Drepane punctata..................................71
Drepanidae............................................71
Driftfishes.............................................113
Druide....................................................49
Drums and croakers...............................67
Duckbill eels..........................................21
Neue Serie 2
Duckbill sleeper.....................................98
ductor, Naucrates..................................57
Dules caudavittatus................................50
Dules fuscus...........................................50
Dules taeniurus......................................50
dumerilii, Cantherhines......................118
Dunckerocampus multiannulatus........37
duodecimlineata, Diacope.....................61
Dusky angelfish......................................75
Dusky batfish.......................................105
Dusky cherub.........................................75
Dusky frillgoby....................................100
Dusky gregory........................................82
Dusky rockcod.......................................44
Dusky sleeper.........................................98
Dusky spinefoot...................................105
Dusky surgeonfish................................107
Dusky sweeper.......................................70
Dusky-capped parrotfish........................92
dussumieri, Acanthurus......................106
dussumieri, Aspidontus.........................94
dussumieri, Blennechis..........................94
dussumieri, Blennioides.........................96
dussumieri, Brama................................59
dussumieri, Istiblennius........................96
dussumieri, Leiognathus.......................59
dussumieri, Sphyraena.........................110
Dussumier’s ponyfish.............................59
Dussumier’s rockskipper.......................96
dux, Pentapus.........................................66
Dwarf clingfish.......................................97
Dwarf lionfish........................................39
Dwarf scorpionfish.................................40
Dwarf spotted grouper...........................46
Dysomma anguillare.............................18
Eagle rays...............................................12
Eastern little tuna.................................112
Ebony gregory........................................81
Echeneidae............................................54
Echeneis borboniensis...........................55
Echeneis brachypterus...........................54
Echeneis naucrates...............................54
Echeneis neucrates.................................54
Echeneis remeligo..................................55
Echeneis remora....................................55
Echidna nebulosa..................................14
Echidna polyzona..................................15
Echidna zebra........................................17
echinocephalus, Paragobiodon..........102
Ecsenius lineatus..................................95
Ecsenius midas......................................95
edentulus, Istiblennius..........................96
edentulus, Leiognathus..........................59
Eel catfishes...........................................23
Eightbar grouper....................................46
Eightline wrasse.....................................88
Eightstripe wrasse..................................88
Elagatis bipinnulata..............................57
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
Electric rays...........................................12
elegans, Enneapterygius.......................93
elegans, Gymnothorax..........................15
elegans, Naso.......................................108
Elegant firefish.....................................104
Elegant moray........................................15
Eleotridae..............................................98
Éléotris à tête poreuse............................98
Éléotris cyprin........................................98
Eleotris cyprinoides...............................98
Eleotris fusca.........................................98
Eleotris lantzii......................................103
Eleotris mauritiana...............................98
Eleotris niger.........................................98
Eleotris porocephala..............................98
Ellochelon vaigiensis............................29
Elongate frostfish................................. 111
Elongate surgeonfish............................107
elongatus, Acanthurus..........................107
elongatus, Benthodesmus................... 111
Elopidae................................................13
Elops machnata.....................................13
Elops saurus...........................................13
Émissole d’Arabie....................................8
Empereur à queue jaune.........................66
Empereur bas cou...................................67
Empereur bec de cane............................67
Empereur bossu......................................67
Empereur honteux..................................67
Empereur mahsena.................................66
Empereur moris......................................67
Empereur Saint-Pierre............................66
Empereur strié........................................66
Empereur tidents....................................66
Emperor angelfish..................................75
Emperor snapper....................................62
Emperors................................................66
Encheliophis gracilis............................26
Encheliophis homei..............................27
Enchelycore bayeri................................15
Enchelycore pardalis.............................15
Enchelynassa canina............................15
Enchelyurus kraussii............................95
Engraulidae..........................................21
Engraulis boelama.................................21
Engraulis polynemoides.........................21
Enigmatic moray....................................15
enigmaticus, Gymnothorax...................15
enneacanthus, Chlorurus.....................90
enneacanthus, Scarus.............................90
Enneapterygius elegans........................93
Enneapterygius gruschkai....................93
Enneapterygius philippinus..................93
Enneapterygius tutuilae........................93
ensifera, Equula.....................................59
Entomacrodus epalzeocheilos..............95
Entomacrodus lemuria.........................96
Entomacrodus striatus..........................96
epalzeocheilos, Entomacrodus.............95
Epaulette soldierfish...............................33
Epaulette surgeonfish...........................107
Ephippidae..........................................105
Epibule gourami.....................................85
Epibulus insidiator................................85
Epigonidae............................................53
Epigonus denticulatus..........................53
Epinephelus argus..................................43
Epinephelus aurantius...........................43
Epinephelus boenack.............................43
Epinephelus caeruleopunctatus.............44
Epinephelus chlorostigma....................44
Epinephelus coeruleopunctatus...........44
Epinephelus coioides............................45
Epinephelus compressus........................46
Epinephelus fario...................................45
Epinephelus fasciatus.............................46
Epinephelus faveatus.............................45
Epinephelus flavocaeruleus..................45
Epinephelus fuscoguttatus....................45
Epinephelus grammatophorus...............46
Epinephelus hexagonatus.....................45
Epinephelus lanceolatus.......................45
Epinephelus leprosus.............................46
Epinephelus longispinis........................45
Epinephelus macrospilos......................45
Epinephelus magniscuttis.....................45
Epinephelus malabaricus.....................46
Epinephelus melanostigma...................46
Epinephelus merra..........................45, 46
Epinephelus morrhua...........................46
Epinephelus multinotatus.....................46
Epinephelus nigripinnis.........................44
Epinephelus oceanicus.........................46
Epinephelus octofasciatus....................46
Epinephelus poecilonotus.....................47
Epinephelus polleni................................44
Epinephelus pseudomorrhua.................45
Epinephelus radiatus............................47
Epinephelus retouti...............................47
Epinephelus rivulatus...........................47
Epinephelus salmoides...........................46
Epinephelus septemfasciatus.................46
Epinephelus spilotoceps........................47
Epinephelus stellans...............................45
Epinephelus tauvina.............................47
Epinephelus tsirimenara........................46
Epinephelus tukula...............................47
Epinephelus unicolor.............................44
Epinephelus urodelus.............................44
Epinephelus urodeta..............................44
equigalis, Coryphaena...........................54
equiselis, Coryphaena...........................54
Equula dentex.........................................59
Equula ensifera......................................59
equulus, Leiognathus............................59
erythraeus, Serranus..............................44
erythrorhynchus, Hemirhamphus...........31
erythrorinchus, Hyporhamphus...........31
147
eschmeyeri, Rhinopias..........................40
Eschmeyer’s scorpionfish......................40
Escolar..................................................110
Escolier gracile..................................... 111
Espadon................................................112
Etelis carbunculus................................60
Etelis coruscans....................................60
Etelis marshi..........................................60
Etelis oculatus........................................60
Etelis radiosus.......................................60
Eumegistus illustris...............................59
Euprotomicrus bispinatus.....................10
Euprotomicrus labordii..........................10
eurostus, Gymnothorax.........................15
Eurypegasus draconis...........................36
Euthynnus affinis................................112
Euthynnus alletteratus.........................112
Euthynnus yaito....................................112
evanidus, Pseudocheilinus.....................88
evansi, Anthias.......................................48
evansi, Pseudanthias.............................48
evides, Ptereleotris...............................104
Eviota distigma....................................100
Eviota indica........................................100
Eviota nigripinna................................101
Eviota prasina.....................................101
Eviota sebreei......................................101
Eviota verna.........................................101
evolans, Exocoetus.................................31
Evoxymetopon poeyi........................... 111
Exallias brevis.......................................96
excisus, Doryrhamphus..........................37
Exocet africain.......................................30
Exocet aile jaune....................................30
Exocet cadène........................................30
Exocet matelot.......................................31
Exocet pharaon.......................................30
Exocet tacheté........................................30
Exocet voilier.........................................31
Exocet volant.........................................31
Exocoetidae...........................................30
Exocoetus brachysoma...........................31
Exocoetus commersonii.........................31
Exocoetus evolans..................................31
Exocoetus monocirrhus........................31
Exocoetus volitans................................31
Exquisite toby......................................121
Eyebar goby.........................................101
Eyestripe surgeonfish...........................106
Fairy mullet............................................29
fajardoi, Thamnaconus.......................119
falciformis, Carcharhinus......................9
falciformis, Monodactylus....................71
falcipinnis, Scarus.................................91
fallai, Allothunnus.............................. 111
False morays..........................................14
False scorpionfish..................................40
False-eye damsel....................................77
148
False-eye sergeant..................................77
far, Hemiramphus.................................31
fario, Epinephelus..................................45
Farmerfish..............................................82
fasciata, Clupeonia................................22
fasciatum, Tripterygium.........................93
fasciatus, Apogon...................................52
fasciatus, Cheilinus...............................84
fasciatus, Cirrhitops..............................76
fasciatus, Cirrhitus.................................76
fasciatus, Corythoichthys.......................36
fasciatus, Cryptocentrus.....................100
fasciatus, Epinephelus............................46
fasciatus, Hemigymnus.........................86
fasciatus, Hologymnosus.......................86
fasciatus, Ostorhinchus........................52
fasciatus, Salarias.................................97
fasciatus, Tetragonoptrus.......................72
fasciolatus, Omobranchus....................96
fasciolatus, Stegastes.............................81
Faux.........................................................8
Faux poisson coffre..............................118
favagineus, Gymnothorax.....................16
faveatus, Epinephelus............................45
ferdau, Carangoides..............................55
fernandinus, Squalus..............................11
ferruginea, Moringua...........................14
ferrugineus, Nebrius.............................11
fibulatum, Benthosema.........................25
Fierasfer homei......................................26
Filament-finned stinger..........................39
filamentosus, Argyrops.........................65
filamentosus, Gerres.............................64
filamentosus, Inimicus..........................39
filamentosus, Pagrus..............................65
filamentosus, Pelor.................................39
filamentosus, Petroscirtes......................94
filamentosus, Pristipomoides................62
filamentosus, Serranus...........................62
Filamentous goby.................................102
Filamentous mojarra..............................64
filifer, Cryptocentrus............................102
filifer, Gobius.......................................102
filifer, Myersina...................................102
Fimbriated moray...................................16
fimbriatus, Gymnothorax......................16
Fingerprint razorfish...............................90
Fire dartfish..........................................104
Fire goby..............................................104
Fistularia commersonii.........................38
Fistularia petimba.................................38
Fistularia tabaccaria.............................38
Fistulariidae..........................................38
Five-lined cardinalfish...........................52
flabellispinus, Coelorhynchus................26
Flagfin angelfish.....................................74
Flagtails..................................................50
Flame snapper........................................60
Flametail snapper...................................61
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
Flashlight fishes.....................................32
Flat needlefish........................................31
Flathead mullet.......................................30
Flathead sleeper.....................................98
Flathead wriggler.................................105
Flatheads................................................42
flavescens, Zebrasoma.........................110
flavimarginata, Muraena.......................15
flavimarginatus, Gymnothorax.............16
flavimarginatus, Pseudobalistes.........116
flavissimus, Forcipiger..........................73
flavobrunneum, Lepidocybium...........110
flavobrunneus, Callogobius................100
flavocaeruleus, Epinephelus.................45
flavofasciatus, Corythoichthys..............36
flavolineatus, Mulloidichthys...............68
flavolineatus, Upeneus...........................68
Floating blenny......................................94
Floral fangblenny...................................97
Floral moray...........................................14
Floral wrasse..........................................84
Flounders.............................................114
Flutemouths...........................................38
Flying fishes...........................................30
Flying gurnards......................................38
Footballer demoiselle.............................79
Forcipiger flavissimus...........................73
Forcipiger longirostris..........................73
formosa, Coris.......................................85
formosus, Julis.......................................89
formosus, Serranus................................44
forsteri, Paracirrhites............................76
Fourline hogfish.....................................83
Foursaddle grouper................................47
Foursaddle rockcod................................47
Fowlerella bicolor..................................87
fraenatum, Sufflamen.........................117
fraenatus, Apogon..................................53
fraenatus, Pristiapogon.........................53
fraenatus, Sufflamen.............................117
fraseri, Dodekablennos.........................95
Fraser’s blenny.......................................95
Freckled angler.......................................28
Freckled frogfish....................................28
Freckled hawkfish..................................76
Freckleface reef eel................................18
frenatus, Balistes..................................117
frenatus, Salarias...................................96
frenatus, Scarus....................................91
frenatus, Scolopsis................................67
frerei, Coris...........................................85
Freshwater eels.......................................13
Frigate tuna.......................................... 111
Fringelip flathead...................................42
Fringelip mullet......................................29
Fringelip rockskipper.............................95
Froghead eel...........................................20
Froghead eels.........................................20
frondosa, Rhinopias..............................40
Neue Serie 2
frondosus, Peoropsis..............................40
fronticinctus, Cantherhines................118
fronticornis, Naseus.............................109
fuliginosus, Acanthurus.......................108
Full moony.............................................71
fulviflamma, Lutjanus...........................61
fulvoguttatus, Carangoides...................55
fulvus, Lutjanus....................................61
furca, Aphareus.....................................60
furcatum, Pomadasys............................65
furcatus, Cheilopogon...........................30
furcatus, Holanthias...............................48
fusca, Eleotris........................................98
fuscescens, Teuthis...............................106
fuscoguttatus, Epinephelus...................45
fuscomaculata, Torpedo........................12
fuscopinna, Helcogramma...................93
fuscus, Apogon.......................................52
fuscus, Apsilus........................................62
fuscus, Bathygobius............................100
fuscus, Dules..........................................50
fuscus, Gomphosus.................................85
fuscus, Labrus........................................89
fuscus, Pimelepterus..............................70
fuscus, Pseudobalistes.........................116
Fusigobius maximus...........................101
Fusigobius neophytus...........................101
Fusilier à ligne olive...............................64
Fusilier de Marr......................................63
Fusilier élégant.......................................63
Fusiliers..................................................63
Gadella sp..............................................26
gahm, Acanthurus................................107
gahmoides, Acanthurus........................108
gaimard, Coris.......................................85
galatheae, Bassozetus...........................27
Galeocerdo cuvier.................................10
Gambusia holbrooki..............................32
Garpikes.................................................31
Garrick...................................................23
gaterina, Diagramma.............................64
gaterinus, Plectorhinchus.....................64
Gazza dentex..........................................58
Gem surgeonfish..................................109
gemmatum, Zebrasoma.......................109
Gempylidae.........................................110
Gempylus prometheus..........................110
Gempylus serpens................................110
Genicanthus caudovittatus...................75
genivittatum, Thalassoma.....................89
Geometric moray...................................16
georgegilli, Hetereleotris.....................102
Germo alalungà...................................112
Gerreidae..............................................64
Gerres acinaces......................................64
Gerres argyreus......................................64
Gerres filamentosus..............................64
Gerres longirostris................................64
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
Gerres oeyena........................................64
Gerres oyena..........................................64
ghobban, Callyodon...............................91
ghobban, Scarus....................................91
Ghost pipefish........................................38
Ghost pipefishes.....................................38
Giant estuarine moray............................17
Giant frogfish.........................................28
Giant grouper.........................................45
Giant guitarfish.......................................12
Giant manta............................................12
Giant moray...........................................16
Giant mottled eel....................................14
Giant trevally.........................................56
Giantscale mullet...................................29
gibbifrons insolitus, Istiblennius............94
gibbifrons, Blenniella...........................94
gibbosa, Scorpaenopsis.........................40
gibbosus, Plectorhinchus......................65
gibbosus, Scorpaenopsis........................40
gibbus, Cephalopholis...........................44
gibbus, Lutjanus....................................61
gibbus, Scarus........................................90
Gilded triggerfish.................................117
Gill’s goby............................................102
Ginglymostomatidae............................11
Girdled goby........................................103
Girelle à petits cailloux..........................86
Girelle à raies d’or.................................85
Girelle à six bandes................................89
Girelle à tache caudale...........................85
Girelle arc-en-ciel..................................86
Girelle de Noël.......................................89
Girelle diamant.......................................87
Girelle en arc-en-ciel..............................86
Girelle hublot.........................................89
Girelle nebuleuse...................................86
Girelle reine...........................................85
giuris, Glossogobius............................101
giuris, Gobius.......................................101
gladius, Xiphias...................................113
Glasseye.................................................50
Glassies..................................................42
glauca, Chrysiptera...............................79
glauca, Prionace....................................10
glaucus, Abudefduf.................................79
Globehead parrotfish..............................91
globiceps, Scarus...................................91
glossodonta, Albula...............................13
Glossogobius giuris.............................101
Glossogobius kokius............................101
Glowfish.................................................66
glutinosus, Bassozetus...........................27
Glyphidodon rhyncholepis.....................77
Glyphisodon celestinus..........................77
Glyphisodon limbatus............................81
Glyphisodon margariteus.......................77
Glyphisodon sordidus............................77
Glyphisodon sparoides...........................77
Gnathanodon speciosus........................57
Gnathodentex aureolineatus................66
Gnathodentex aurolineatus....................66
Gnatholepis anjerensis........................101
Gnatholepis cauerensis.......................101
Gnatholepis scapulostigma..................101
Goatfishes...............................................68
Goatsbeard brotula.................................27
Gobies....................................................98
Gobiesocidae.........................................97
Gobiidae................................................98
Gobiodon citrinus................................101
Gobiodon rivulatus..............................102
Gobius albopunctatus............................99
Gobius caeruleus.................................103
Gobius commersonii..............................99
Gobius filifer........................................102
Gobius giuris........................................101
Gobius kokius.......................................101
Gobius nigri.........................................100
Gobius nigripinnis.................................99
Gobius ocellaris.....................................99
Gobius polyzona..................................103
Goggle goby.........................................102
Gold fish.................................................23
Gold-banded jobfish...............................62
Goldbar wrasse.......................................89
Golden chromis......................................79
Golden hind............................................43
Golden kingfish......................................57
Golden trevally.......................................57
Golden-ribbon soapfish..........................43
Golden-spot hogfish...............................83
Goldflag jobfish......................................62
Gold-lined seabream..............................65
Goldring bridletooth.............................108
Goldsaddle hogfish................................83
Goldspot hogfish....................................83
Gomphosus caeruleus...........................85
Gomphosus fuscus..................................85
Gomphosus varius..................................85
Gonorhynchus gronovii..........................22
Gonorynchidae.....................................22
Gonorynchus gonorynchus..................22
Gonostomatidae...................................23
goramy, Osphronemus........................114
Goret à six bandes..................................65
Gorgasia klausewitzi.............................20
Gorgeous goby.......................................99
Gorgeous gussy......................................72
Gorgeous swallowtail.............................48
Gourami...............................................114
Gouramier............................................114
Gouramis..............................................114
Graceful lizardfish..................................24
Graceful pearlfish...................................26
Gracila albomarginata..........................47
Gracile lizardfish....................................24
gracilis, Encheliophis...........................26
149
gracilis, Saurida....................................24
grammatophorus, Epinephelus..............46
Grammicolepididae..............................36
Grammistes ocellatus.............................48
Grammistes orientalis............................47
Grammistes punctatus............................48
Grammistes sexlineatus........................47
Grand gueule..........................................46
Grand requin blanc...................................8
Grand requin-marteau............................10
Grande anguille marbrée........................14
grandoculis, Gymnocranius.................66
grandoculis, Monotaxis........................67
Greasy grouper.......................................47
Greasy rockcod......................................47
Great barracuda....................................110
Great hammerhead shark.......................10
Great white shark.....................................8
Green bubble goby...............................101
Green chromis..................................78, 79
Green jobfish..........................................60
Green parrotfish.....................................90
Green swordtail......................................32
Greenbelly parrotfish.............................91
Greeneyes...............................................24
Grenadiers..............................................26
Grenouille de Commerson.....................28
Grenouille écarlate.................................28
Grey chromis..........................................79
Grey chub...............................................70
Grey cutthroat eel...................................18
Grey demoiselle.....................................79
Grey reef shark.........................................9
Griffin.....................................................46
grisea, Siderea.......................................16
grisea, Thyrsoidea.................................16
griseoides, Mesoprion............................60
Griset......................................................11
griseus, Gymnocranius..........................66
griseus, Gymnothorax...........................16
griseus, Hexanchus................................11
Grondin mauricien.................................41
Grondin volant.......................................38
gronovii, Gonorhynchus.........................22
gronovii, Rhynchotus...........................122
Groupers.................................................43
Grunts.....................................................64
gruschkai, Enneapterygius...................93
Gruschka’s triplefin................................93
Grystes lunulatus...................................48
Guam scorpionfish.................................40
guamensis, Scorpaenodes.....................40
Gueule de vin.........................................66
Gueule pavée....................................65, 67
guezei, Apolemichthys...........................74
guezei, Chaetodon..................................74
guezei, Holacanthus...............................74
guezei, Myripristis..................................34
guezei, Parapercis..................................92
150
guezei, Prognathodes............................74
guezei, Pterygotrigla..............................41
Guézé’s butterflyfish..............................74
guibei, Oxyurichthys...........................102
Guibé’s goby........................................102
guichenoti, Cirrhites..............................75
guichenoti, Cirrhitichthys.....................75
Guichenot’s hawkfish.............................75
Guilded pipefish.....................................37
Guineafowl puffer................................121
Guitarfish...............................................12
Gulper sharks.........................................11
Gunnellichthys curiosus.....................104
Güntheria scapularis.............................86
Guppy.....................................................32
Gurnards.................................................41
guttatissimus, Chaetodon......................72
guttatus, Acanthurus...........................106
guttatus, Haliophis................................49
guttatus, Lampris..................................26
guttulatus, Aseraggodes......................115
guttulatus, Hippocampus.......................37
gutturosus, Balistes..............................117
Gymnocaesio gymnoptera.....................63
gymnocephalus, Ambassis......................42
Gymnocranius grandoculis..................66
Gymnocranius griseus...........................66
Gymnocranius microdon........................66
Gymnocranius rivulatus.........................66
Gymnomuraena zebra...........................15
gymnoptera, Gymnocaesio....................63
Gymnosarda nuda................................112
Gymnosarda unicolor.........................112
gymnostethoides, Caranx.......................55
gymnostethus, Carangoides..................55
gymnota, Scolecenchelys......................19
Gymnothorax buroensis........................15
Gymnothorax chilospilus......................15
Gymnothorax elegans...........................15
Gymnothorax enigmaticus....................15
Gymnothorax eurostus..........................15
Gymnothorax favagineus......................16
Gymnothorax fimbriatus.......................16
Gymnothorax flavimarginatus..............16
Gymnothorax griseus............................16
Gymnothorax javanicus........................16
Gymnothorax johnsoni.........................16
Gymnothorax margaritophorus............16
Gymnothorax meleagris........................16
Gymnothorax nudivomer......................17
Gymnothorax pictus..............................17
Gymnothorax pikei................................17
Gymnothorax punctato-fasciatus...........17
Gymnothorax rueppellii........................17
Gymnothorax undulatus.......................17
Gymnothorax zonipectis.......................17
gymnotus, Muraenichthys......................19
Hache d’argent à épines.........................23
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
haematopterus, Corythoichthys............36
Haemulidae...........................................64
Half-banded snake eel............................19
Half-barred goby..................................103
Halfbeaks...............................................31
Halfmoon butterflyfish...........................72
Halfmoon grouper..................................47
Halfmoon rockcod.................................47
Halfmoon triggerfish............................117
Half-naked hatchetfish...........................24
Halfstreak goby......................................99
Halicampus mataafae...........................37
Halichoeres cosmetus...........................85
Halichoeres hortulanus........................85
Halichoeres iridis..................................86
Halichoeres kawarin..............................86
Halichoeres lamarii..............................86
Halichoeres lapillus..............................86
Halichoeres marginatus.........................86
Halichoeres melanurus..........................86
Halichoeres nebulosus..........................86
Halichoeres scapularis..........................86
Halichoeres virescens............................86
Halieutaea coccinea..............................29
Halieutopsis bathyoreos........................29
Haliophis guttatus.................................49
Hammerhead sharks...............................10
hamrur, Priacanthus.............................50
harak, Lethrinus...................................66
Hard-nosed smooth-hound.......................8
hardwicke, Thalassoma........................89
Hardyhead silverside..............................30
Hareng....................................................50
Hareng rond...........................................22
Harengula vittata...................................22
harid, Hipposcarus................................91
Harlequin filefish..................................118
Harlequin hind.......................................44
Harlequin rockcod..................................44
Harlequin sandperch..............................92
Harlequin sandsmelt...............................92
Harlequin snake eel................................19
Harpurus rhombeus.............................109
Harpurus Rüppelli...............................110
Harry hotlips..........................................65
hassi, Heteroconger..............................21
Hass’s garden eel....................................21
Hatchetfishes..........................................23
Hawkfishes.............................................75
heberi, Caranx.......................................56
hebraica, Julis........................................89
hebraicum, Thalassoma........................89
hedlandensis, Carangoides...................56
heemstrai, Mascarenichthys.................27
Helcogramma fuscopinna....................93
Helcogramma obtusirostris..................93
Heliastes cinerascens.............................79
hellerii, Xiphophorus............................32
helsdingenii, Valenciennea.................103
Neue Serie 2
Hemibalistes chrysoptera.....................117
Hemicoris caudimacula.........................85
hemigymnus, Argyropelecus.................24
Hemigymnus fasciatus..........................86
Hemigymnus melapterus......................86
Hemiramphidae....................................31
Hemiramphus far..................................31
Hemirhamphus commersonii.................31
Hemirhamphus erythrorhynchus............31
Hemirhamphus far.................................31
Hemitaurichthys zoster.........................73
Hénioche cornu......................................74
Heniochus acuminatus.........................74
Heniochus diphreutes...........................74
Heniochus macrolepidotus.....................74
Heniochus monoceros..........................74
hepatus, Paracanthurus......................109
heptacanthus, Parupeneus...................69
Heptranchias perlo................................11
Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus........22
Herklotsichthys spilurus.......................22
Herrings..................................................21
Hetereleotris apora..............................102
Hetereleotris georgegilli......................102
Hetereleotris kenyae............................102
Hetereleotris margaretae....................102
Hetereleotris zanzibarensis.................102
Heteroconger hassi...............................21
Heteropriacanthus cruentatus..............50
heteroptera, Ptereleotris......................104
hexacanthus, Naso..............................108
hexagona, Myripristis...........................33
hexagonatus, Epinephelus....................45
hexagonatus, Serranus...........................45
hexagonus, Myripristis...........................33
Hexanchidae.........................................11
Hexanchus griseus.................................11
Hexanchus nakamurai.........................11
Hexanchus vitulus..................................11
hexataenia, Pseudocheilinus..................88
hexophtalma, Parapercis......................92
hians, Ablennes.....................................31
High hat triplefin....................................93
Highfin fangblenny................................97
Hippocampe épineux.............................37
Hippocampus borboniensis..................37
Hippocampus guttulatus........................37
Hippocampus histrix..............................37
Hippocampus hystrix.............................37
Hippocampus jayakari..........................37
Hippocampus whitei...............................37
hippos, Carangus...................................57
Hipposcarus harid.................................91
hippurus, Coryphaena..........................54
hirsutus, Bodianus.................................83
Hispid frogfish.......................................28
hispidus, Antennarius...........................28
hispidus, Arothron..............................120
hispidus, Chironectes.............................28
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
hispidus, Dilobomycterus.....................120
Histiopterus typus..................................75
histrio, Antennarius...............................29
Histrio histrio........................................28
histrix, Hippocampus.............................37
Holacanthus guezei................................74
Holacanthus trimaculatus......................74
Holanthias furcatus................................48
Holanthias natalensis............................48
Holbrook’s mosquitofish........................32
holbrooki, Gambusia.............................32
Holcomycteronus aequatoris................27
holocanthus, Diodon...........................123
Holocentridae.......................................33
Holocentrum leo.....................................35
Holocentrum sammara...........................34
Holocentrum spiniferum........................35
Holocentrus anjouanae..........................34
Holocentrus caudimaculatus.................34
Holocentrus diadema.............................35
Holocentrus lacteoguttatus....................35
Holocentrus nigricans............................82
Holocentrus oceanicus...........................46
Hologymnosus annulatus.....................86
Hologymnosus doliatus.........................86
Hologymnosus fasciatus........................86
Hologymnosus oxyrhynchus...................86
Hologymnosus semidiscus.....................86
homei, Carapus......................................26
homei, Encheliophis.............................26
homei, Fierasfer.....................................26
Honeycomb filefish..............................118
Honeycomb grouper...............................46
Honeycomb moray.................................16
Honeycomb podge.................................49
Honeycomb toby..................................122
Horned rockskipper................................94
horrida, Synanceia.................................41
horridus, Ostracion..............................119
Horseshoe hawkfish...............................76
hortulanus, Halichoeres.......................85
hortulanus, Julis.....................................85
Hotlips triplefin......................................93
Hound needlefish...................................32
Hourglass triplefin..................................93
Humbug dascyllus..................................80
Humpback scorpionfish.........................40
Humpback snapper.................................61
Humpback unicorn...............................108
Humphead wrasse..................................84
Humpnose unicornfish.........................109
Hynnis insanus.......................................55
Hynnis momsa........................................55
hyoproroides, Kaupichthys...................14
Hyporhamphus erythrorinchus............31
Hypseleotris cyprinoides.......................98
hystrix, Diodon....................................123
hystrix, Hippocampus............................37
Idiolychnus urolampus.........................25
ignobilis, Caranx...................................56
illustris, Eumegistus..............................59
iluocoeteoides, Dinematichthys............27
Immaculate puffer................................120
Immaculate soldier.................................34
immaculatus, Arothron.......................120
immaculatus, Tetrodon.........................120
imparipennis, Abudefduf........................80
imparipennis, Plectroglyphidodon.......80
imperator, Pomacanthus.......................75
Imspringer..............................................96
inaequalis, Sargocentron......................35
Indian butterflyfish.................................73
Indian driftfish......................................113
Indian goatfish........................................69
Indian hatchetfish...................................24
Indian mackerel....................................112
Indian mirrorfish....................................55
Indian Ocean bird wrasse.......................85
Indian Ocean black-spotted wrasse........87
Indian Ocean blacktip grouper...............46
Indian Ocean bluestripe pipefish............37
Indian Ocean cardinalfish......................51
Indian Ocean dark damsel......................81
Indian Ocean dusky wrasse....................86
Indian Ocean flame goatfish...................68
Indian Ocean orangespine unicornfish.108
Indian Ocean pygmy goby...................100
Indian Ocean short-bodied pipefish.......36
Indian Ocean triggerfish.......................116
Indian Ocean yellowfin goatfish............68
Indian threadfin......................................67
Indian threadfish.....................................55
Indian yellowtail angelfish.....................74
Indianfish...............................................87
indica, Alectis........................................55
indica, Eviota.......................................100
indicum, Leptomelanosoma..................67
indicus, Apogon.....................................51
indicus, Irex............................................57
indicus, Istiompax...............................113
indicus, Melichthys.............................116
indicus, Naucrates..................................57
indicus, Parupeneus..............................69
indicus, Polyipnus.................................24
indicus, Seriolichthys.............................55
Indo-Pacific boarfish............................114
Indo-Pacific bonefish.............................13
Indo-Pacific sergeant..............................77
inermis, Cheilio.....................................84
inframacula, Canthigaster..................121
Iniistius pavo.........................................87
Inimicus filamentosus...........................39
insanus, Hynnis......................................55
insidiator, Epibulus...............................85
interruptus, Centropyge.........................75
interruptus, Chaetodon.........................72
Investigator armoured gurnard...............42
151
investigatoris, Satyrichthys...................42
Iracundus signifer.................................39
Irex indicus.............................................57
Iridescent cardinalfish............................53
iridis, Halichoeres.................................86
Island trevally.........................................56
Istiblennius bellus.................................96
Istiblennius dussumieri.........................96
Istiblennius edentulus...........................96
Istiblennius gibbifrons insolitus.............94
Istiblennius spilotus..............................96
Istigobius decoratus............................102
Istiompax indicus................................113
Istiophoridae.......................................113
Istiophorus platypterus.......................113
Isurus oxyrinchus...................................8
ittodai, Sargocentron.............................35
Jacks.......................................................55
jacksonensis, Trachipterus...................26
janthinoptera, Canthigaster................122
janthinosoma, Pervagor......................119
japanensis, Chlorurus...........................90
japanensis, Scarus.................................90
Japanese splitfin.....................................42
japonica, Monocentris..........................32
japonicus, Cookeolus............................50
japonicus, Myripristis............................34
japonicus, Priacanthus..........................50
japonicus, Synagrops............................42
Jarbua.....................................................50
jarbua, Terapon.....................................50
Jaune de côte..........................................60
Jaune de creux........................................63
Jaune de fond.........................................61
Jaune de large.........................................63
Java spaghetti eel...................................14
javanica, Moringua...............................14
javanicus, Gymnothorax.......................16
jayakari, Hippocampus.........................37
Jewelled rockskipper..............................97
Jewelled wrasse......................................86
johnsoni, Gymnothorax........................16
Johnston damsel.....................................80
johnstonianus, Plectroglyphidodon......80
Julis aeruginosus...................................89
Julis annulatus.......................................86
Julis axillaris..........................................89
Julis balteatus........................................89
Julis commersonii..................................89
Julis coris...............................................84
Julis doliatus..........................................86
Julis formosus........................................89
Julis hebraica.........................................89
Julis hortulanus......................................85
Julis leschenaulti....................................86
Julis souleyeti.........................................89
Julis trilobatus.......................................89
Julis umbrostigma..................................89
152
Julis vittatus...........................................87
Jumping bean.........................................74
jussieu, Clupanodon...............................22
jussieu, Sardinella.................................22
jussieui, Clupanodon.............................22
jussieui, Clupeonia.................................22
Kai soldierfish........................................34
kaianus, Ostichthys...............................34
Kajikia audax......................................113
kallopterus, Apogon...............................53
kallopterus, Pristiapogon......................53
kalolo, Periophthalmus.......................103
kanagurta, Rastrelliger.......................112
kasmira, Lutjanus.................................61
Katsuwonus pelamis............................112
Kaupichthys diodontus...........................14
Kaupichthys hyoproroides....................14
kawarin, Halichoeres.............................86
Kaya.......................................................67
Keeltail needlefish..................................31
kelloggi, Scorpaenodes..........................40
Kellogg’s scorpionfish...........................40
Kenya goby..........................................102
kenyae, Anisochromis.............................49
kenyae, Hetereleotris...........................102
King mackerel......................................112
King soldierbream..................................65
Kingfish..................................................26
kirkii, Alticus..........................................94
klausewitzi, Gorgasia............................20
Klausewitz’s garden eel.........................20
klazingai, Apterichtus...........................18
kleini, Tetragonoptrus............................72
kleinii, Chaetodon.................................72
Klein’s butterflyfish................................72
Klipfishes...............................................93
Klunzinger’s triplefin.............................93
knappi, Diaphus....................................25
Knapp’s lanternfish................................25
Knife razorfish.......................................85
Knife wrasse...........................................85
kokius, Glossogobius...........................101
kokius, Gobius......................................101
Krauss’ blenny.......................................95
kraussii, Enchelyurus...........................95
Kuhlia caudavittata...............................50
Kuhlia mugil..........................................50
Kuhlia rupestris.....................................50
Kuhliidae...............................................50
Kumococius rodericensis......................42
kuntee, Myripristis................................33
kurroides, Decapterus...........................57
Kyphosidae...........................................70
Kyphosus bigibbus................................70
Kyphosus cinerascens...........................71
Kyphosus vaigiensis..............................71
La prude.................................................43
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
La prude rouge.......................................44
labiata, Anguilla....................................13
labordii, Euprotomicrus.........................10
Labre à deux taches................................83
Labre à queue de comète........................88
Labre annelé...........................................86
Labre bleu..............................................82
Labre brassard........................................83
Labre constellé.......................................82
Labre de la perdition..............................83
Labre diane.............................................83
Labre pointillé........................................83
Labrichthys cyanotaenia........................87
Labrichthys unilineatus........................87
Labridae................................................82
Labroides bicolor...................................87
Labroides dimidiatus.............................87
Labropsis xanthonota...........................87
Labrus centiquadrus..............................85
Labrus fuscus...................................87, 89
Laced moray...........................................16
lacepede, Lophotus................................26
Lachaux..................................................84
lachneri, Cynoglossus.........................115
Lachner’s tonguesole...........................115
lacrymatus, Abudefduf...........................82
lacrymatus, Plectroglyphidodon...........80
lacteoguttatus, Holocentrus...................35
Lactoria cornuta..................................119
lacunosus, Atherinomorus....................30
Ladder glider........................................104
Ladder wrasse........................................89
Ladyfish.................................................13
Ladyfishes..............................................13
Laemonema macronema.......................26
laevis, Aleuteres...................................118
laevis, Plectropomus..............................48
laevis, Ranzania..................................124
lagocephalum, Sicydium......................103
Lagocephalus lagocephalus................122
Lagocephalus sceleratus.....................122
lagocephalus, Promecocephalus..........122
lagocephalus, Sicyopterus...................103
lalandi, Seriola......................................58
Lalo damier............................................85
lamarii, Halichoeres.............................86
Lamnidae................................................8
L’Amoureuse grosse..............................58
L’Amoureuse petite................................58
Lampanyctus nobilis.............................25
Lampanyctus pusillus...........................25
Lampridae............................................26
Lampris..................................................26
Lampris guttatus...................................26
Lance blenny..........................................94
lanceolatus, Epinephelus......................45
lanceolatus, Masturus.........................124
Lancette de creux...................................34
Lantanier noir.........................................60
Neue Serie 2
Lanternfishes..........................................25
lantzii, Eleotris.....................................103
Lapia......................................................77
lapillus, Halichoeres.............................86
laqueus, Siganus.................................105
Large-headed snake moray....................18
Larger fusegoby...................................101
Large-scaled lanternfish.........................25
Largetooth sawfish.................................12
Large-toothed cardinalfish.....................51
lateristriga, Upeneus..............................69
laticaudata, Muraenichthys...................20
laticaudata, Scolecenchelys..................20
laticaudatus, Muraenichthys..................20
laticeps, Sicydium................................103
latifasciata, Amblyeleotris.....................98
Latilus doliatus......................................54
latovittatus, Malacanthus.....................54
Lattice puffer........................................123
Lattice squirrelfish.................................35
Latticetail moray....................................15
laysanus, Lycodontis..............................15
Le petite jaune........................................61
Le plat....................................................45
Leaf scorpionfish....................................41
Leatherback............................................58
Leatherjackets......................................118
Lefteyed flounders...............................114
Leiobatis pastinaca................................12
Leiognathidae.......................................58
Leiognathus dussumieri........................59
Leiognathus edentulus...........................59
Leiognathus equulus.............................59
Leiognathus longispinis........................59
leiura, Strongylura................................31
Leiuranus semicinctus..........................19
Lemon coral goby ...............................101
Lemur blenny.........................................96
lemuria, Entomacrodus........................96
leo, Holocentrum....................................35
Leopard blenny......................................96
Leopard flounder..................................114
Leopard hind..........................................43
Leopard moray.................................15, 17
Leopard rockcod....................................43
Leopard rockskipper..............................96
leopardus, Cephalopholis...............43, 44
Lepadichthys minor..............................97
Lepidaplois bourboni.............................83
Lepidaplois perditio...............................83
Lepidocybium flavobrunneum............110
leprosus, Epinephelus............................46
Leptomelanosoma indicum...................67
leptopeltis, Axinurus............................109
Leptoscarus vaigiensis..........................91
lepturus, Trichiurus............................ 111
leschenaulti, Julis...................................86
Lesser bream..........................................59
Lethrinidae...........................................66
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
Lethrinus borbonicus............................66
Lethrinus conchyliatus...........................66
Lethrinus crocineus..............................66
Lethrinus harak....................................66
Lethrinus mahsena...............................66
Lethrinus mahsenoides..........................66
Lethrinus microdon..............................66
Lethrinus nebulosus..............................67
Lethrinus rubrioperculatus..................67
Lethrinus variegatus.............................67
Lethrinus xanthochilus.........................67
leucas, Carcharhinus..............................9
leucogrammicus, Anyperodon..............43
leucopoma, Chrysiptera.........................79
leucosternon, Acanthurus...................106
leucosticticus, Bodianus.......................83
leucozonus, Plectroglyphidodon............81
leucura, Chromis...................................78
Lèvre de bœuf........................................61
lewini, Sphyrna......................................10
Licorne.................................................109
Lieutenant surgeonfish.........................107
Lightfishes..............................................24
lima, Xanthichthys................................118
limbatus, Carcharhinus..........................9
limbatus, Glyphisodon...........................81
limbatus, Stegastes................................81
Lime.......................................................58
Limespot butterflyfish............................72
Limnichthys nitidus..............................92
Linear blenny.........................................95
lineata, Perca.........................................51
lineathorax, Mimoblennius..................96
lineatus, Acanthurus...........................106
lineatus, Anampses...............................82
lineatus, Cheilodipterus........................51
lineatus, Diagramma.............................64
lineatus, Ecsenius.................................95
lineatus, Plotosus..................................23
Lined butterflyfish..................................72
Lined cardinalfish...................................51
Lined hogfish.........................................83
Lined surgeonfish.................................106
Lined tamarin.........................................82
Lined-throat blenny................................96
Lined triggerfish...................................118
lineolatus, Acanthurus.........................107
lineolatus, Chaetodon...........................72
lineo-punctatus, Balistes......................118
lineopunctatus, Xanthichthys.............118
Liopropoma lunulatum.........................48
Liopropoma susumi..............................48
Lip-spot moray.......................................15
Little priest.............................................21
Little tailband cardinalfish.....................51
lituratus, Naso......................................108
liturosus, Diodon.................................123
Live sharksucker....................................54
lividus, Stegastes....................................82
Lizardfishes............................................24
Lobotes surinamensis............................64
Lobotidae..............................................64
Loche..............................................99, 101
Loche à taches blanches.........................44
Loche pintade.........................................44
Longarm mullet......................................29
Longbarbel goatfish...............................69
Longface wrasse.....................................86
Longfin bannerfish.................................74
Longfin batfish.....................................105
Longfin kingfish.....................................55
Longfin snake eel...................................19
Longfin spadefish.................................105
Longfin tilapia........................................76
Longfin trevally......................................55
Longfin yellowtail..................................58
Longfinned bullseye...............................50
Longfins.................................................49
Long-headed snake moray.....................18
Longhorn cowfish................................119
longimanus, Carcharhinus.....................9
longimanus, Setarches..........................38
longirostris, Forcipiger.........................73
longirostris, Gerres...............................64
longirostris, Oxymonacanthus...........118
longispina, Scorpaenopsis....................40
longispinis, Epinephelus.......................45
longispinis, Leiognathus.......................59
Long-jawed squirrelfish.........................35
Longnose hawkfish................................76
Longnose kingfish..................................55
Longnose trevally...................................55
Longnose velvet dogfish........................10
Long-nosed butterflyfish........................73
Longsnout flathead.................................42
Longsnout soldier...................................34
Longspine grouper.................................45
Longtail silver-biddy..............................64
Longue girelle........................................84
Lophiidae..............................................28
Lophiodes mutilus.................................28
Lophotes.................................................26
Lophotidae............................................26
Lophotus lacepede.................................26
Loup de mer.............................................8
Loupe côte..............................................84
louti, Variola..........................................49
Lovely hatchetfish..................................23
Lowfin rudderfish...................................71
Loxodon macrorhinus..........................10
lubina, Chanos.......................................22
Lubine..............................................13, 57
lugubris, Caranx...................................56
lunaris, Caesio.......................................63
lunatus, Rhombus.................................114
Lune.....................................................124
Lune pleine.............................................71
Luneur....................................................54
153
lunula, Chaetodon.................................72
lunulatum, Liopropoma........................48
lunulatus, Cheilinus...............................84
lunulatus, Grystes..................................48
luridus, Amphacanthus........................105
luridus, Siganus..................................105
luteobrunneus, Pomacentrus..................82
luteobrunneus, Stegastes......................81
Lutianus fulviflamma..............................61
Lutjanidae.............................................60
Lutjanus argentimaculatus...................60
Lutjanus bengalensis............................60
Lutjanus bohar......................................61
Lutjanus fulviflamma............................61
Lutjanus fulvus.....................................61
Lutjanus gibbus.....................................61
Lutjanus kasmira..................................61
Lutjanus monostigma...........................61
Lutjanus notatus...................................61
Lutjanus octovittatus..............................60
Lutjanus quinquelineatus.......................61
Lutjanus rivulatus.................................61
Lutjanus russellii..................................62
Lutjanus sebae......................................62
Lutjanus vaigiensis................................61
Lycodontis laysanus...............................15
Lycodontis meleagris.............................16
Lycodontis nudivomer............................17
Lycodontis petelli...................................17
Lycodontis punctatus..............................16
Lycodontis undulatus.............................17
Lyretail grouper......................................49
Lyretail hogfish......................................83
lysan, Chorinemus.................................58
lysan, Scomberoides..............................58
macarellus, Decapterus.........................57
Maccabit...........................................45, 46
Maccabit blanc.......................................46
Maccabit gris..........................................45
machnata, Elops....................................13
Machouaran............................................23
Mackerel scad........................................57
Mackerel sharks.......................................8
Mackerels............................................. 111
Macolor niger........................................62
Macquereau des Indes..........................112
macrocephalus, Uropterygius...............18
macrochir, Oreochromis.......................76
macrodon, Centropomus........................51
macrodon, Cheilodipterus......................51
macrolepidotus, Heniochus....................74
macrolepidotus, Neoscopelus................25
macronema, Laemonema......................26
macronemus, Parupeneus....................69
Macropharyngodon bipartitus..............87
Macropharyngodon cyanoguttatus......87
macropterus, Neothunnus....................112
macropterus, Triodon..........................120
154
macropus, Priacanthus..........................50
macrorhinus, Loxodon.........................10
macrosoma, Decapterus.........................57
macrospilos, Epinephelus.....................45
Macrouridae.........................................26
macrourus, Bodianus............................83
macrourus, Cossyphus...........................83
macrura, Thyrsoidea..............................18
maculata, Canthidermis......................116
maculata, Mene.....................................54
maculata, Parapercis............................92
maculatus, Balistes..............................116
maculatus, Caracanthus........................38
maculatus, Chaetodon............................72
maculatus, Cirrhites...............................76
maculatus, Diodon...............................123
maculatus, Pisodonophis.......................19
maculatus, Xiphophorus.......................32
maculosus, Myrichthys.........................19
madagascariensis, Caracanthus...........38
madagascariensis, Pomacentrus............81
madagaskariensis, Chaetodon..............72
Mafou.....................................................51
magnifica, Nemateleotris....................104
magnificus, Nemateleotris....................104
magniscuttis, Epinephelus....................45
Mahsena emperor...................................66
mahsena, Lethrinus..............................66
mahsenoides, Lethrinus.........................66
maillardi, Cyprinus................................23
Makaira audax.....................................113
Makaira mazara...................................113
Makaira nigricans...............................113
Makaire bleu........................................113
Makaire noir.........................................113
Malabar grouper.....................................46
malabaricus, Caranx.............................55
malabaricus, Epinephelus....................46
Malacanthidae......................................53
Malacanthus brevirostris......................54
Malacanthus latovittatus......................54
Malacanthus taeniatus...........................54
Maldaque robuste...................................84
maldat, Cossyphus.................................83
Mamile de Seychelles............................67
mancus, Bothus...................................114
Mangrove red snapper............................60
mangula, Pempheris.............................70
Manta.....................................................12
Manta birostris......................................12
Mantas....................................................12
Mante.....................................................12
Many-banded pipefish............................37
Many-eyed snake eel..............................19
Manyspine cardinalfish..........................52
Map puffer...........................................120
mappa, Arothron.................................120
Maquereau..............................................63
Marbled parrotfish..................................91
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
Marbled reef-eel.....................................14
Marbled snake eel..................................19
margaretae, Hetereleotris...................102
margaritatus, Canthigaster..................121
margariteus, Abudefduf........................77
margariteus, Glyphisodon......................77
margaritophorus, Gymnothorax...........16
marginalis, Serranus..............................46
marginata, Diacope...............................61
marginatus, Halichoeres........................86
Marguerite du large..............................105
Marie-Therèse........................................61
Marignan à bandes jaunes......................34
Marignan à deux dents...........................33
Marignan à œillères................................33
Marignan aile noire................................34
Marignan ardoisé...................................33
Marignan cuirassé..................................34
Marignan ombré.....................................33
Marignan poklé......................................33
Marignan pomme de pin........................33
Marignan rouge et argent.......................34
Marignan sabre.......................................35
Marignan tacheté....................................34
marleyi, Thyrsitoides........................... 111
Marlin bleu...........................................113
Marlin rayé...........................................113
Marlin rostre court...............................113
marmorata, Anguilla.............................14
marmorata, Callechelys........................19
marmorata, Torpedo..............................12
marmoratus, Achirus...........................115
marmoratus, Antennarius......................29
marmoratus, Cirrhites............................75
marmoratus, Uropterygius.....................18
marri, Ptercaesio...................................63
Marr’s fusilier........................................63
Marshi, Etelis.........................................60
mascareinsis, Upeneus..........................69
Mascarene flagtail..................................50
Mascarene goatfish.................................69
Mascarene goby...................................100
Mascarene klipfish.................................93
Mascarene leaping blenny......................94
Mascarene sixstripe wrasse....................88
Mascarene tubesole..............................115
mascarenensis, Anisochromis..............49
Mascarenichthys heemstrai..................27
mascarenum, Thalassoma......................89
Mask picassofish..................................117
Masked bannerfish.................................74
Masked coachman..................................74
Masked triggerfish...............................117
Mastaccembelus choram........................32
Mastaccembelus platurus.......................31
Masturus lanceolatus..........................124
mata, Acanthurus................................107
mataa, Acanthurus...............................107
mataafae, Halicampus..........................37
Neue Serie 2
Matajuel bleu.........................................54
Matajuel nez court..................................54
mate, Atule.............................................55
mate, Caranx..........................................55
matoides, Acanthurus...........................108
mauli, Pollichthys.................................24
Mauritian anemonefish...........................78
Mauritian damsel...................................81
Mauritian gregory..................................82
Mauritian sardinella...............................22
mauritiana, Anguilla..............................14
mauritiana, Clupea................................22
mauritiana, Eleotris..............................98
mauritiana, Sebastapistes.....................41
mauritianum, Ariosoma........................20
mauritianus, Aylopon.............................48
mauritianus, Caranx..............................58
mauritianus, Chorinemus.......................58
Mauritius gurnard...................................41
Mauritius halfbeak.................................31
Mauritius hogfish...................................83
Mauritius scorpionfish...........................41
Mauritius sweeper..................................70
maxillosus, Cossyphus...........................84
maximus, Fusigobius..........................101
mazara, Makaira..................................113
mcadamsi, Parascorpaena....................39
Meadia abyssalis...................................18
Megalopidae..........................................13
Megalops cyprinoides............................13
megalops, Squalus.................................11
Meganthias natalensis..........................48
megastoma, Scorpaena..........................41
melampygus, Caranx............................56
melannotus, Chaetodon........................72
melanocephalus, Pervagor..................119
melanochir, Thalassoma........................89
melanopleura, Doryrhamphus...............37
melanopterus, Carcharhinus..................9
melanospilos, Sargocentron.................35
melanospilos, Taeniura..........................12
melanostigma, Belone............................31
melanostigma, Epinephelus..................46
melanotus, Chaetodon............................72
melanura, Clupea...................................22
melanura, Sardinella............................22
melanurus, Anampses............................82
melanurus, Halichoeres.........................86
melapterus, Hemigymnus.....................86
melas, Abudefduf....................................81
melas, Neoglyphidodon.........................80
melas, Plesiops.......................................49
meleagrides, Anampses.........................82
meleagris, Arothron............................121
meleagris, Gymnothorax.......................16
meleagris, Lycodontis............................16
meleagris, Ostracion...........................120
meleagris, Salarias................................94
Melichthys indicus..............................116
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
Melichthys niger..................................116
Melichthys vidua.................................116
melinopterus, Chelon............................29
Melon butterflyfish.................................73
Mene maculata......................................54
Menidae.................................................54
Mérou à grandes écailles........................45
Mérou à huit raies..................................46
Mérou à longues épines.........................45
Mérou à quatre selles.............................47
Mérou à taches oranges..........................45
Mérou bord rouge..................................47
Mérou céleste.........................................43
Mérou comète........................................46
Mérou demi-lune....................................47
Mérou dossard........................................46
Mérou élegant........................................43
Mérou faraud..........................................45
Mérou gateau de cire..............................46
Mérou lancéolé.......................................45
Mérou loutre...........................................47
Mérou marbré.........................................45
Mérou malabare.....................................46
Mérou mélifère.......................................45
Mérou morse..........................................47
Mérou oriflamine...................................46
Mérou patate..........................................47
Mérou plate grise...................................46
Mérou rouge...........................................47
Mérou selle.............................................48
Mérou tapis............................................45
Mérou zébré...........................................47
merra, Epinephelus.........................45, 46
mesogallica, Scorpaena.........................40
mesogallicus, Chaetodon.......................73
mesogallicus, Chironectes.....................29
Mesoprion griseoides.............................60
Meteor perch..........................................48
meyeni, Taeniura...................................12
meyeri, Chaetodon................................72
meyeri, Priacanthus...............................51
Meyer’s butterflyfish..............................72
micheli, Pleurosicya............................103
Michel’s ghost goby.............................103
Microdesmidae...................................104
Microdesmids.......................................104
microdon, Cyclothone...........................23
microdon, Gymnocranius.......................66
microdon, Lethrinus.............................66
microdon, Pristis...................................11
microlepis, Aprion..................................62
Microphis brachyurus............................37
Microphis brachyurus millepunctatus...37
Microphis millepunctatus.....................37
midas, Ecsenius.....................................95
miles, Pterois.........................................39
Milkfish..................................................22
millepunctatus, Doryichthys..................37
millepunctatus, Microphis....................37
Mimic blenny.........................................94
Mimoblennius lineathorax...................96
miniata, Cephalopholis.........................43
Minor clingfish.......................................97
Minor scorpionfish.................................40
minor, Lepadichthys.............................97
minor, Naso..........................................109
minor, Scorpaenodes.............................40
Minute triplefin......................................93
minutus, Tripterygion.............................93
mitratus, Chaetodon..............................73
mitratus, Petroscirtes............................97
Mobula diabolus....................................12
Mobula tarapacana...............................12
Modest filefish......................................119
modestoides, Thamnaconus................119
modestus, Paragobiodon.....................103
mokarran, Sphyrna...............................10
Mola mola............................................124
mola, Orthagoriscus............................124
Molidae................................................124
mollucanus, Pseudodax..........................88
moluccanus, Odax..................................88
moluccanus, Pseudodax.......................88
moluccensis, Centrophorus..................11
momsa, Hynnis.......................................55
Monacanthidae...................................118
Mono......................................................71
Monocentridae......................................32
Monocentris japonica...........................32
monoceros, Aluteres............................118
monoceros, Heniochus.........................74
monochrus, Alticus...............................94
monocirrhus, Exocoetus.......................31
Monodactylidae....................................71
Monodactylus argenteus.......................71
Monodactylus falciformis.....................71
monostigma, Lutjanus..........................61
Monotaxis grandoculis.........................67
Moolgarda cunnesius............................29
Moolgarda robusta................................30
Moolgarda seheli...................................30
Moonfish................................................54
Moonies.................................................71
Moontail bullseye...................................50
Moorish idol.........................................106
Moorish idols.......................................106
Moray eels..............................................14
Morid cods.............................................26
Moridae.................................................26
Moringua ferruginea............................14
Moringua javanica................................14
Moringuidae.........................................14
Moronopsis ciliatus................................50
morrhua, Epinephelus..........................46
morrhua, Serranus.................................46
mosis, Mustelus.......................................8
mossambica, Anguilla...........................14
mossambica, Siphamia.........................53
155
mossambicus, Oreochromis..................77
Moustache conger..................................20
Mozambique tilapia...............................77
Muge......................................................29
Mugil axillaris........................................30
Mugil borbonicus...................................30
Mugil cephalotes....................................30
Mugil cephalus......................................30
Mugil coeruleomaculatus.......................30
mugil, Kuhlia.........................................50
Mugilidae..............................................29
Mulet......................................................29
Mulet à tache bleue................................30
Mulet boxeur..........................................29
Mulet cabot............................................30
Mulet enchanteur...................................29
Mulet longue aile...................................29
Mulet mopiro.........................................29
Mulet otomebora....................................29
Mulet robuste.........................................30
Mullets...................................................29
Mullidae................................................68
Mulloides pfluegeri................................68
Mulloides vanicolensis...........................68
Mulloidichthys auriflamma..................68
Mulloidichthys flavolineatus................68
Mulloidichthys pfluegeri.......................68
Mulloidichthys vanicolensis...................68
Mullus bifasciatus..................................69
Mullus rubescens...................................69
Mullus trifasciatus.................................69
multiannulatus, Dunckerocampus.......37
multibarbata, Brotula...........................27
multidens, Pristipomoides.....................62
multinotatus, Epinephelus....................46
multispinis, Centropyge........................75
multistriatus, Neobythites.....................27
Muraena augusti....................................18
Muraena flavimarginata........................15
Muraenesocidae....................................21
Muraenesox bagio.................................21
Muraenesox cinereus.......................20, 21
Muraenichthys gymnotus.......................19
Muraenichthys laticaudatus...................20
Muraenichthys xorae.............................20
Muraenidae...........................................14
murdjan, Myripristis.............................33
Murène anneau de Réunion...................14
Murène errant.........................................15
Murène étoilée.......................................14
Murène fil géante...................................17
Murène javanaise...................................16
Murène ondulante..................................17
Murène tigre récifale..............................17
Murène zébrée........................................15
Murénésoce commun.............................21
muricata, Pterois....................................39
murrayi, Paraheminodus......................41
Murray’s armoured gurnard...................41
156
Mustelus mosis........................................8
mutilus, Lophiodes................................28
Muzzled rockskipper..............................94
Myctophidae.........................................25
Myersina filifer....................................102
mykiss, Oncorhynchus..........................23
Myliobatidae.........................................12
Myliobatis aquila...................................13
myops, Saurus........................................25
myops, Trachinocephalus.....................25
myriaster, Serranus................................43
Myrichthys colubrinus..........................19
Myrichthys maculosus..........................19
Myripristis adusta..................................33
Myripristis berndti.................................33
Myripristis borbonicus...........................33
Myripristis borbonius............................33
Myripristis botche..................................33
Myripristis bowditchae..........................33
Myripristis chryseres.............................33
Myripristis hexagona............................33
Myripristis hexagonus............................33
Myripristis japonicus.............................34
Myripristis kuntee.................................33
Myripristis murdjan..............................33
Myripristis refulgens..............................51
Myripristis seychellensis.................33, 34
Myripristis vittata..................................34
Myripristis guezei...................................34
nakamurai, Hexanchus........................11
Nannocampus pictus.............................37
Napoléon................................................84
Napoleon snake eel................................19
Narcarion polleni...................................12
naresii, Cypselurus................................30
narinari, Aetobatus...............................12
Narrowbar damsel..................................80
Naseus brevirostris...............................108
Naseus fronticornis..............................109
Naseus unicornis..................................109
nasicornis, Pseudalutarius.................119
nasicornis, Pseudaluteres....................119
Naso brachycentron............................108
Naso brevirostris.................................108
Naso elegans........................................108
Naso hexacanthus...............................108
Naso lituratus.......................................108
Naso minor...........................................109
Naso rigoletto......................................108
Naso tapeinosoma................................108
Naso thynnoides..................................109
Naso tuber............................................109
Naso tuberosus....................................109
Naso unicolor......................................109
Naso unicornis....................................109
Naso vlamingi......................................109
Nason zébré..........................................109
Natal glassy............................................42
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
Natal moony...........................................71
Natal stumpnose.....................................65
Natal toby.............................................122
natalensis, Ambassis.............................42
natalensis, Canthigaster.....................122
natalensis, Holanthias...........................48
natalensis, Meganthias.........................48
natalensis, Poecilopsetta.....................114
Naucrates ductor...................................57
Naucrates indicus...................................57
naucrates, Echeneis..............................54
Nebrius ferrugineus..............................11
nebulosa labiata, Anguilla.....................13
nebulosa, Echidna.................................14
nebulosa, Parapercis.............................93
nebulosa, Saurida.................................24
nebulosus, Halichoeres.........................86
nebulosus, Lethrinus.............................67
Nebulous lizardfish................................24
Nebulous wrasse....................................86
Nectamia savayensis.............................52
Needlefishes...........................................31
Nemateleotris decora...........................104
Nemateleotris magnifica.....................104
Nemateleotris magnificus.....................104
Nemichthyidae......................................21
Nemichthys curvirostris........................21
Nemipteridae........................................67
Neobrama webbi....................................26
Neobythites multistriatus......................27
Neocentropogon sp................................41
Neoglyphidodon melas..........................80
Neoniphon aurolineatus.......................34
Neoniphon opercularis.........................34
Neoniphon sammara.............................34
neophytus, Coryphopterus...................101
neophytus, Fusigobius..........................101
Neoscopelidae.......................................25
Neoscopelus macrolepidotus.................25
Neothunnus macropterus.....................112
nesogallica, Pempheris.........................70
nesogallicus, Chironectes......................29
Nestis cyprinoides..................................29
Nettastomatidae....................................21
Network pipefish....................................36
neucrates, Echeneis................................54
Niche-madame.......................................75
niger, Balistes......................................116
niger, Bathygobius...............................100
niger, Eleotris........................................98
niger, Macolor.......................................62
niger, Melichthys.................................116
niger, Odonus......................................116
niger, Parastromateus...........................57
nigrepinnis, Ophisurus...........................19
nigri, Gobius........................................100
nigricans, Acanthurus..........................107
nigricans, Cheilopogon.........................30
nigricans, Holocentrus...........................82
Neue Serie 2
nigricans, Makaira..............................113
nigricans, Stegastes...............................82
nigricauda, Acanthurus......................107
nigripinna, Eviota...............................101
nigripinnatus, Chaetodon......................73
nigripinnis, Epinephelus........................44
nigripinnis, Gobius................................99
nigrofasciata, Amatitlania....................76
nigrofasciata, Seriolina.........................58
nigrofasciatus, Archocentrus.................76
nigrofuscus, Acanthurus....................107
nigropunctatus, Arothron...................121
nigrura, Chromis...................................78
nigrus, Pseudopristipoma......................65
Nile tilapia..............................................77
niloticus, Oreochromis..........................77
Ninestripe cardinal.................................53
niphonia, Pristigenys............................51
niphonius, Priacanthus..........................51
nitidus, Limnichthys.............................92
nitidus, Plectroglyphidodon...................80
nobilis, Lampanyctus............................25
nobilis, Polymixia..................................26
Noble lanternfish....................................25
Nomeidae............................................113
notatus, Lutjanus..................................61
Novaculichthys taeniourus...................87
nuchalis, Sebastapistes..........................41
nuda, Gymnosarda...............................112
nudivomer, Gymnothorax.....................17
nudivomer, Lycodontis...........................17
nufar, Cheimerius.................................65
nummifer, Antennarius........................28
Nurse sharks...........................................11
obesus, Thunnus.................................112
obesus, Triaenodon...............................10
Oblique-banded cardinalfish..................51
Oblique-banded grouper........................47
Oblique-banded snapper........................63
oblongus, Amblyrhynchotes.................123
oblongus, Carangoides.........................56
oblongus, Takifugu.............................123
obtusa, Sphyraena................................110
obtusata, Sphyraena............................110
obtusirostris, Helcogramma.................93
Ocean sunfish.......................................124
Oceanic puffer......................................122
Oceanic whitetip shark.............................9
oceanicus, Epinephelus........................46
oceanicus, Holocentrus..........................46
ocellaris, Gobius....................................99
ocellata, Pogonoperca...........................48
Ocellate cardinal....................................51
Ocellated lionfish...................................39
Ocellated scorpionfish............................39
Ocellated snake eel................................19
ocellatus, Apogonichthys......................51
ocellatus, Cetoscarus.............................90
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
ocellatus, Grammistes............................48
ocellatus, Sciaenops..............................67
ocellatus, Symphurus..........................115
octofasciatus, Epinephelus...................46
octolineata, Diacope..............................60
octotaenia, Pseudocheilinus.................88
octovittatus, Lutjanus.............................60
oculatus, Etelis.......................................60
Odax borbonicus....................................88
Odax moluccanus...................................88
Odontanthias borbonius.......................48
Odonus niger.......................................116
oeyena, Gerres.......................................64
Ogcocephalidae....................................29
Oilfish................................................... 111
olfax, Osphronemus.............................114
oligolepis, Albula...................................13
oligolepis, Pristilepis.............................34
oligolepis, Uranoscopus........................92
olivaceus, Acanthurus..........................107
Ombrine bronze.....................................67
Omobranchus fasciolatus.....................96
Oncorhynchus mykiss...........................23
Oneblotch grouper.................................46
Oneblotch rockcod.................................46
Oneknife unicornfish............................109
Onespot demoiselle................................79
Onespot snapper.....................................61
Opahs.....................................................26
opercularis, Bodianus...........................83
opercularis, Chromis.............................78
opercularis, Cossyphus..........................83
opercularis, Neoniphon........................34
opercularis, Pteragogus.........................88
Ophichthidae........................................18
Ophichthus bonaparti...........................19
Ophichthus polyophthalmus.................19
Ophidiidae............................................27
Ophiocara porocephala........................98
Ophisurus nigrepinnis............................19
oramin, Siganus...................................106
Orange goatfish......................................68
Orangeback angelfish.............................74
Orangehead worm-eel............................20
Orange-spotted grouper.........................45
Orange-striped triggerfish....................115
Orangetail filefish.................................119
Orbicular batfish...................................105
orbicularis, Acanthurus.......................107
orbicularis, Cyclichthys......................123
orbicularis, Diodon..............................123
orbicularis, Platax...............................105
orcini, Brama........................................59
Oreochromis macrochir........................76
Oreochromis mossambicus...................77
Oreochromis niloticus...........................77
Oriental sweetlips...................................65
orientalis, Dactyloptena........................38
orientalis, Dactylopterus........................38
orientalis, Grammistes...........................47
orientalis, Plectorhinchus......................65
orientalis, Sarda..................................112
Ornate jobfish.........................................62
Ornate prawn-goby..............................104
ornatissima, Vanderhorstia.................104
Orphie carène.........................................31
Orphie crocodile.....................................32
Orphie littorale.......................................31
Orphie plate............................................31
Orthagoriscus mola.............................124
orthogrammus, Carangoides................56
Osphronemidae..................................114
Osphronemus goramy.........................114
Osphronemus olfax..............................114
Ostichthys archiepiscopus....................34
Ostichthys delta.....................................34
Ostichthys kaianus................................34
Ostorhinchus angustatus......................52
Ostorhinchus apogonoides...................52
Ostorhinchus aureus.............................52
Ostorhinchus cookii..............................52
Ostorhinchus fasciatus.........................52
Ostorhinchus quadrifasciatus................52
Ostorhinchus taeniophorus..................53
Ostorhynchus angustatus.......................52
Ostorhynchus savayensis.......................52
Ostraciidae..........................................119
Ostracion argus....................................119
Ostracion concatenatus.......................120
Ostracion cornutus..............................119
Ostracion cubicus................................119
Ostracion horridus...............................119
Ostracion meleagris............................120
Ostracion punctatus.............................120
Ostracion sebae...................................120
Ostracion tetragonus...........................119
Ostracion trachys................................120
Ostracion triqueter...............................120
Ostracion tuberculatus.........................119
otaitensis, Sunagocia............................42
otaitensis, Thysanophrys........................42
Otomebora mullet..................................29
oualensis, Pempheris............................70
oviceps, Callyodon.................................92
Ovoid toothpony....................................58
Oxeye tarpon..........................................13
oxycephalus, Cheilinus.........................84
oxycephalus, Cirrhitichthys...................75
Oxycheilinus arenatus..........................88
Oxycheilinus bimaculatus....................88
Oxycheilinus digrammus......................88
Oxycirrhites typus.................................76
Oxymonacanthus longirostris............118
oxyrhynchus, Hologymnosus..................86
oxyrinchus, Isurus..................................8
Oxyurichthys guibei............................102
oyena, Gerres.........................................64
157
Pacific beardfish.....................................26
Pacific goby..........................................100
Pagre double bande................................65
Pagrus filamentosus...............................65
Pailona à long nez..................................10
Painted frogfish......................................28
Painted lizardfish....................................25
Painted sweetlips....................................65
Pale bullethead parrotfish.......................90
Palefin unicornfish...............................108
Palenose parrotfish.................................91
Paletail chromis......................................79
Paletail damsel.......................................81
Palette surgeonfish...............................109
pallida, Cyclothone...............................23
Palomine................................................23
pantherina, Siderea................................17
pantherinus, Bothus............................114
pantherinus, Cirrhites............................76
Papillon..................................................72
Papillon longnez.....................................73
papuensis, Caranx.................................56
Paracaesio xanthura.............................62
Paracanthurus hepatus.......................109
Paracirrhites arcatus............................76
Paracirrhites forsteri.............................76
paradoxus, Solenostomus.....................38
Paragobiodon echinocephalus...........102
Paragobiodon modestus......................103
Paraheminodus murrayi.......................41
Paraluteres prionurus.........................118
Paramonacanthus pusillus.................118
Parapercis guezei...................................92
Parapercis hexophtalma.......................92
Parapercis maculata.............................92
Parapercis nebulosa..............................93
Parapercis pulchella..............................92
Parapercis punctata..............................92
Parapercis punctulata...........................93
Parapercis robinsoni.............................93
Parapriacanthus ransonneti.................70
Parascorpaena mcadamsi.....................39
parasitica, Simenchelys.........................18
Parastromateus niger............................57
Pardachirus diringeri..........................114
Pardachirus pavoninus.......................115
pardalis, Cantherhines........................118
pardalis, Enchelycore............................15
Parexocoetus brachypterus...................31
Parrotfishes.............................................90
Parupaeneus barberinus........................68
Parupeneus barberinus.........................68
Parupeneus bifasciatus..........................69
Parupeneus chryseredros.......................68
Parupeneus ciliatus...............................68
Parupeneus cinnabarinus......................69
Parupeneus cyclostomus.......................68
Parupeneus diagonalis..........................69
Parupeneus heptacanthus....................69
158
Parupeneus indicus...............................69
Parupeneus macronemus.....................69
Parupeneus pleurostigma.....................69
Parupeneus posteli................................69
Parupeneus rubescens..........................69
Parupeneus trifasciatus........................69
parvipinnis, Cotylopus.........................100
parvipinnis, Scorpaenodes....................40
Pastel wrasse..........................................86
Pastenague éventail................................12
Pastenague violette.................................12
pastinaca, Leiobatis...............................12
pastinaca, Trygon...................................12
pautzkei, Brosmophyciops......................27
pavidus, Ctenogobius.............................99
Pavillon..................................................74
pavo, Iniistius........................................87
pavo, Xyrichtys.......................................87
pavoninus, Pardachirus......................115
Peacock flounder..................................114
Peacock grouper.....................................43
Peacock rockcod....................................43
Peacock sole.........................................115
Peacock wrasse......................................87
Pearl fishes.............................................26
Pearly butterflyfish.................................72
Pearly rockskipper.................................96
Pearly sergeant.......................................77
Pearly soldierfish....................................33
Pêche cavale du large.............................58
Pêche-madame argenté..........................53
pectinata, Pristis....................................12
pectoralis, Atherina................................30
Pégase dracon.........................................36
Pegasidae...............................................36
Pegasus draco........................................36
Pelagic stingray......................................12
pelamis, Katsuwonus...........................112
Pelamys sarda......................................112
pelicieri, Stegastes.................................82
Pelor filamentosus..................................39
pelycus, Pteragogus...............................88
Pempheridae.........................................70
Pempheris adusta..................................70
Pempheris mangula..............................70
Pempheris nesogallica..........................70
Pempheris oualensis.............................70
Pempheris schwenkii............................70
Pempheris vanicolensis..........................70
Pencil cardinal........................................53
Pennant glider......................................104
Pentaceros capensis..............................75
Pentacerotidae......................................75
pentadactylus, Xyrichtys.......................90
Pentapus curtus......................................66
Pentapus dux..........................................66
Peoropsis frondosus...............................40
Peppered butterflyfish............................72
Perca lineata..........................................51
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
Perche peinte..........................................65
perditio, Bodianus.................................83
perditio, Lepidaplois..............................83
periophthalma, Amblyeleotris...............98
Periophthalma prawn-goby....................98
Periophthalmus kalolo........................103
periophthalmus, Blenniella..................94
Peristediidae.........................................41
perlo, Heptranchias...............................11
Perroquet................................................90
Perroquet à bandes rouges.....................91
Perroquet à cinq celles...........................92
Perroquet à écailles jaunes.....................91
Perroquet à joue pale..............................90
Perroquet à points rouges.......................90
Perroquet bleu........................................91
Perroquet capitaine.................................90
Perroquet commun.................................91
Perroquet des Carolines.........................90
Perroquet faucille...................................91
Perroquet globeux..................................91
Perroquet marbré....................................91
Perroquet marguerite..............................90
Perroquet marron...................................92
Perroquet vert.........................................90
Perrouche...............................................91
Persian blenny........................................95
Pervagor aspricaudus.........................119
Pervagor janthinosoma.......................119
Pervagor melanocephalus...................119
petelli, Lycodontis..................................17
peterseni, Dactyloptena.........................38
petersii, Pterycombus............................59
petimba, Fistularia................................38
Petit cafre...............................................79
Petit clair................................................66
Petit lapia...............................................77
Petit nègre..............................................45
Petroscirtes filamentosus.......................94
Petroscirtes mitratus.............................97
Petroscirtes rostratus.............................94
pfluegeri, Mulloides...............................68
pfluegeri, Mulloidichthys......................68
Pharao flyingfish....................................30
philippinus, Enneapterygius.................93
Phoenix devil.........................................81
phoenixensis, Plectroglyphidodon........81
phoeops, Scolopsides.............................67
Phosichthyidae.....................................24
Phosichthys argenteus..........................24
Photoblepharon steinitzi.......................32
Phrynelox polyophthalmus.....................28
Physiculus argyropastus.......................26
Piano blenny...........................................97
Picasso noir..........................................117
Picassofish............................................117
picta, Diagramma..................................64
Picture rockskipper................................94
Picture wrasse........................................86
Neue Serie 2
pictus, Antennarius...............................28
pictus, Gymnothorax.............................17
pictus, Nannocampus............................37
picus, Plectorhinchus............................65
Pike congers...........................................21
pikei, Gymnothorax...............................17
pikei, Pomacentrus................................81
Pike’s moray...........................................17
Pilote................................................54, 55
Pilotfish..................................................57
Pimelepterus altipinnis..........................71
Pimelepterus altipinnoides.....................71
Pimelepterus fuscus...............................70
Pineapple fish.........................................32
Pineapple fishes......................................32
Pinecone fish..........................................32
Pinecone soldierfish...............................33
Pinge arlequin........................................92
Pinge pintade..........................................92
Pinguipedidae.......................................92
pinguis, Atherina....................................30
Pinkbar goby..........................................98
Pinktail triggerfish................................116
pinnatus, Platax..................................105
pinnulatus, Cirrhitus.............................76
Pipefishes...............................................36
Pisodonophis cancrivorus.....................19
Pisodonophis maculatus........................19
Plagiotremus rhinorhynchos................97
Plagiotremus tapeinosoma....................97
Plain false moray....................................14
Plat gris..................................................46
Plat nègre...............................................46
Platax blochii.......................................105
Platax orbicularis................................105
Platax pinnatus...................................105
Platax teira..........................................105
Platax vespertilio.................................105
Platte ailes jaunes...................................45
platurus, Mastaccembelus......................31
Platybelone argalus...............................31
Platybelone platyura.............................31
Platycéphale clin d’œil...........................42
Platycéphale cocarde..............................42
Platycéphale crocodile...........................42
Platycephalidae....................................42
Platycephalus crocodilus.......................42
Platycephalus scaber.............................42
platypterus, Istiophorus......................113
platypterus, Xiphias.............................113
platyura, Platybelone............................31
plebeius, Polydactylus...........................68
plebeius, Polynemus...............................68
Plectorhinchus gaterinus......................64
Plectorhinchus gibbosus.......................65
Plectorhinchus orientalis.......................65
Plectorhinchus picus.............................65
Plectorhinchus sordidus.......................65
Plectorhinchus vittatus.........................65
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
Plectroglyphidodon dickii.....................80
Plectroglyphidodon imparipennis........65
Plectroglyphidodon johnstonianus.......80
Plectroglyphidodon lacrymatus............80
Plectroglyphidodon leucozonus.............81
Plectroglyphidodon nitidus....................80
Plectroglyphidodon phoenixensis.........81
Plectroglyphidodon randalli.................81
Plectropomus laevis...............................48
Plesiopidae............................................49
Plesiops coeruleolineatus......................49
Plesiops melas........................................49
Pleuronectidae....................................114
Pleurosicya micheli.............................103
pleurostigma, Parupeneus....................69
Plotosidae..............................................23
Plotosus anguillaris...............................23
Plotosus arab.........................................23
Plotosus lineatus...................................23
plumbeus, Carcharhinus........................9
Poecilia reticulata.................................32
Poeciliidae.............................................32
Poeciliids................................................32
poecilonotus, Epinephelus....................47
Poecilophis variegatus...........................17
Poecilopsetta natalensis......................114
poecilopterus, Cypselurus.....................30
poeyi, Evoxymetopon.......................... 111
Poey’s scabbardfish.............................. 111
Pogonoperca ocellata............................48
Pogonoperca punctata..........................48
Poisson ananas.......................................32
Poisson armée........................................39
Poisson lime à taches oranges..............118
Poisson lune argenté..............................71
Poisson nettoyeur bicolore.....................87
Poisson nettoyeur commun....................87
Poisson oiseau........................................85
Poisson pilote.........................................57
Poisson plat............................................50
Poisson sabre commun......................... 111
Poisson trompette...................................36
Poisson volant........................................38
Poisson-ange à trois taches....................74
Poisson-ange bleu..................................75
Poisson-ange impérial............................75
Poisson-pierre béquillard.......................39
Poisson-pierre commun.........................41
Poissons paie à pois...............................12
polleni, Cephalopholis..........................44
polleni, Epinephelus...............................44
polleni, Narcarion..................................12
Pollichthys mauli..................................24
polyacantha, Pseudogramma...............49
polyacanthus, Cheilodipterus................52
polyacanthus, Coranthus......................52
polyactis, Cyprinocirrhites....................76
Polydactylus plebeius............................68
Polyipnus indicus..................................24
Polymixia berndti...................................26
Polymixia busakhini.............................26
Polymixia nobilis...................................26
Polymixiidae.........................................26
polymnus, Amphiprion...........................78
Polynemidae..........................................67
polynemoides, Engraulis........................21
Polynemus plebeius................................68
polyophthalmus, Ophichthus................19
polyophthalmus, Phrynelox....................28
polyporatus, Springeratus.....................93
polyzona, Acanthurus.........................107
polyzona, Cirripectes.............................95
polyzona, Echidna.................................15
polyzona, Gobius.................................103
polyzona, Rhombotides........................107
polyzona, Stenogobius.........................103
Pomacanthidae.....................................74
Pomacanthus imperator........................75
Pomacanthus semicirculatus................75
Pomacentridae......................................77
Pomacentrus agassizii...........................81
Pomacentrus caeruleus.........................81
Pomacentrus chrysurus..........................81
Pomacentrus luteobrunneus...................82
Pomacentrus madagascariensis.............81
Pomacentrus pikei.................................81
Pomacentrus pristiger............................81
Pomacentrus pulcherrimus....................81
Pomacentrus trichrourus......................81
Pomacentrus tripunctatum.....................81
Pomachromis richardsoni....................81
Pomadasys furcatum.............................65
Pomfrets.................................................59
Pompaneau lune.....................................58
Pompaneau muscadin.............................58
Pompano dolphinfish.............................54
Pompre...................................................58
Pontinus tentacularis............................39
Ponyfishes..............................................58
Porc-épic ballon...................................123
Porcupinefishes....................................123
Poreless goby.......................................102
Porgies....................................................65
porocephala, Eleotris.............................98
porocephala, Ophiocara.......................98
Porte-épée..............................................32
posteli, Parupeneus...............................69
Postel’s goatfish.....................................69
Potato bass.............................................47
Potato grouper........................................47
Powder-blue surgeonfish......................106
praetextatus, Cymolutes........................85
prasina, Eviota....................................101
pretiosus, Ruvettus.............................. 111
Priacanthidae........................................50
Priacanthus alticlarens..........................50
Priacanthus boops.................................50
Priacanthus cruentatus..........................50
159
Priacanthus hamrur..............................50
Priacanthus japonicus...........................50
Priacanthus macropus...........................50
Priacanthus meyeri................................51
Priacanthus niphonius...........................51
Priacanthus sagittarius.........................51
Priacanthus speculum............................50
Prickly pomfret......................................59
Priolepis cinctus..................................103
Priolepis semidoliata...........................103
Prionace glauca.....................................10
prionurus, Paraluteres........................118
Pristiapogon fraenatus..........................53
Pristiapogon kallopterus.......................53
Pristiapogon snyderi..............................53
Pristiapogon taeniopterus.....................53
Pristidae................................................11
Pristigenys niphonia.............................51
pristiger, Pomacentrus...........................81
Pristilepis oligolepis..............................34
Pristipoma anas.....................................65
Pristipomoides argyrogrammicus.........62
Pristipomoides auricilla........................62
Pristipomoides filamentosus.................62
Pristipomoides multidens......................62
Pristipomoides sieboldii........................63
Pristipomoides typus.............................63
Pristipomoides zonatus.........................63
Pristis antiquorum.................................11
Pristis microdon....................................11
Pristis pectinata.....................................12
proboscidea, Venefica............................21
Prognathodes guezei.............................74
Prognichthys sealei...............................31
Promecocephalus argentatus...............122
Promecocephalus lagocephalus...........122
prometheus, Gempylus.........................110
prometheus, Prometichthys................110
promethoides, Rexea........................... 111
Prometichthys prometheus.................110
Psenes squamiceps...............................113
Psettus commersonii..............................71
Psettus rhombeus...................................71
Pseudalutarius nasicornis..................119
Pseudaluteres nasicornis.....................119
Pseudanthias bimaculatus....................48
Pseudanthias cooperi............................48
Pseudanthias evansi..............................48
Pseudanthias pulcherrimus..................49
Pseudanthias squamipinnis..................49
Pseudobalistes flavimarginatus..........116
Pseudobalistes fuscus..........................116
Pseudocaranx dentex............................57
Pseudocheilinus dispilus.......................88
Pseudocheilinus evanidus......................88
Pseudocheilinus hexataenia...................88
Pseudocheilinus octotaenia..................88
Pseudocoris yamashiroi........................88
Pseudochromidae.................................49
160
Pseudodax moluccanus........................88
Pseudogramma polyacantha................49
pseudomorrhua, Epinephelus................45
Pseudopristipoma nigrus.......................65
Pseudoscarus striatus............................90
Pseudoscarus viridis..............................90
psittacus, Scarus....................................91
Pteraclis trichipterus.............................59
Pteraclis velifera....................................59
Pteragogus opercularis..........................88
Pteragogus pelycus................................88
Ptercaesio marri....................................63
Ptercaesio tile........................................64
Ptereleotris evides................................104
Ptereleotris heteroptera.......................104
Ptereleotris tricolor..............................104
Ptereleotris zebra.................................105
Pterois antennata..................................39
Pterois miles..........................................39
Pterois muricata.....................................39
Pterois volitans......................................39
Pterois zebra..........................................39
Pterycombus petersii.............................59
Pterygotrigla guezei...............................41
Pteryplatytrygon violacea......................12
Pufferfishes..........................................120
pulchella, Parapercis.............................92
pulcherrimus, Pomacentrus...................81
pulcherimus, Pseudanthias...................49
punctata, Drepane.................................71
punctata, Parapercis.............................92
punctata, Pogonoperca.........................48
punctatissimum, Sargocentron.............35
punctato-fasciatus, Gymnothorax..........17
punctatus, Cirrhites................................76
punctatus, Cristacirrhitus.....................76
punctatus, Grammistes...........................48
punctatus, Lycodontis.............................16
punctatus, Ostracion............................120
punctatus, Stegastes..............................82
punctulata, Parapercis..........................93
punctulatus, Serranus............................49
Purple butterflyfish.................................73
Purple goldie..........................................48
purpureum, Thalassoma.......................89
Pursemouths...........................................64
pusillus, Lampanyctus..........................25
pusillus, Paramonacanthus................118
Pygmy coral croucher............................38
Pygmy filefish......................................118
Pygmy lanternfish..................................25
Pygmy shark..........................................10
Pygmy sweeper......................................70
Pyramodon ventralis.............................26
quadricornis, Salarias...........................96
quadrifasciatus, Apogon........................52
quadrifasciatus, Ostorhinchus...............52
quadrimaculatus, Herklotsichthys.......22
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
quaesita, Rhinomuraena.......................17
quagga, Cirripectes...............................95
Quakerfish..............................................54
Queen coris............................................85
quinquelineatus, Cheilodipterus...........52
quinquelineatus, Lutjanus......................61
quinquevittatum, Thalassoma................89
Rabbitfishes..........................................105
Rachycentridae.....................................51
Rachycentron canadum........................51
Racoon butterflyfish...............................72
radiatus, Cheilinus.................................88
radiatus, Epinephelus...........................47
Raie guitarre...........................................12
Raie noir.................................................12
Railway glider......................................103
Rainbow runner......................................57
Rainbow trout.........................................23
Rainbow wrasse.....................................86
randalli, Cirripectes..............................95
randalli, Plectroglyphidodon................81
Randall’s blenny.....................................95
raniceps, Coloconger............................20
ransonneti, Parapriacanthus................70
Ranzania...............................................124
Ranzania laevis...................................124
Rascasse de Guam..................................40
Rascasse.................................................41
Rascasse de Suez....................................41
Rason algue............................................87
Rason ocellé...........................................90
Rason paon.............................................87
Rastrelliger kanagurta........................112
rectangulus, Rhinecanthus.................117
Red cornetfish........................................38
Red drum................................................67
Red smalltooth jobfish...........................60
Red soldierfish.......................................33
Red squirrelfish......................................35
Red symbol lanternfish..........................26
Redbar fairy basslet................................48
Redbar hawkfish.....................................76
Redbelly tilapia......................................77
Red-breasted wrasse...............................84
Redcheek wrasse....................................89
Redcoat..................................................34
Redfin butterflyfish................................73
Redfin worm-eel.....................................20
Redgill emperor.....................................67
Redhead coral goby..............................102
Redlip rubberlips....................................65
Redmouth grouper.................................43
Redsmooth scorpionfish.........................38
Redspot goatfish.....................................69
Redspot wrasse.......................................88
Red-spotted blenny................................94
Red-streaked blenny...............................95
Redtail scad............................................57
Neue Serie 2
Red-tipped grouper................................47
Red-tipped longfin.................................49
Red-tipped rockcod................................47
Redtooth triggerfish.............................116
Reef chromis..........................................78
Reef cusk eel..........................................27
Reef pipefish..........................................37
Reef stonefish.........................................41
Reef-flat cardinalfish..............................53
Reef-top pipefish....................................36
refulgens, Myripristis.............................51
remeligo, Echeneis.................................55
Rémora...................................................55
Remora australis...................................54
Remora brachyptera..............................54
Rémora des baleines..............................54
Rémora des espadons.............................54
remora, Echeneis...................................55
Remora remora.....................................55
Remoras.................................................54
Renard à gros yeux...................................8
Requiem sharks........................................8
Requin à aileron blanc.............................9
Requin à pointes noires............................9
Requin aiguillat......................................11
Requin baleine.......................................11
Requin bleu............................................10
Requin bordé............................................9
Requin bouledogue..................................9
Requin corail..........................................10
Requin dagsit...........................................9
Requin gris...............................................9
Requin océanique.....................................9
Requin pointe blanche..............................8
Requin sagrin.........................................10
Requin soyeux..........................................9
Requin tacheté........................................10
Requin tigre............................................10
Requin tisserand.......................................9
Requin vache..........................................11
Requin-nourice fauve.............................11
Requin-scie......................................11, 12
Resplendent goldie.................................49
reticulata, Poecilia................................32
Reticulated blenny.................................95
reticulatus, Balistes..............................116
reticulatus, Chilomycterus..................123
retouti, Epinephelus..............................47
Réunion angelfish...................................74
Réunion broadbanded moray.................14
Réunion herring.....................................22
Réunion sandsmelt.................................92
Réunion seahorse...................................37
Rexea promethoides............................ 111
Rexea solandri..................................... 111
Rhabdosargus sarba..............................65
Rhabdosargus thorpei...........................66
Rhechias wallacei..................................20
Rhincodon typus....................................11
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
Rhincodontidae....................................11
Rhinecanthus aculeatus......................117
Rhinecanthus cinereus.......................117
Rhinecanthus rectangulus..................117
Rhino leatherjacket..............................119
Rhinobatidae........................................12
rhinoceros, Aluteres.............................119
Rhinomuraena quaesita........................17
Rhinopias eschmeyeri...........................40
Rhinopias frondosa...............................40
rhinorhynchos, Plagiotremus...............97
rhombeus, Harpurus............................109
rhombeus, Psettus..................................71
Rhombotides polyzona.........................107
Rhombus bourboniensis.......................114
Rhombus lunatus..................................114
Rhynchobatus djiddensis......................12
rhyncholepis, Glyphidodon....................77
Rhynchotus gronovii............................122
Ribbed tilefish........................................53
Ribbon eel..............................................17
Ribbonfishes...........................................26
richardsoni, Pomachromis...................81
Richardson’s damsel..............................81
Rightangle butterflyfish..........................73
rigoletto, Naso.....................................108
Ring wrasse............................................86
Ringed snake eel....................................19
Ringed wrasse........................................86
ringens, Balistes...................................118
Rippled coral goby...............................102
Rippled rockskipper...............................96
Rippled triggerfish...............................116
Risadel....................................................45
River goby..............................................99
River snapper.........................................60
rivoliana, Seriola...................................58
rivulata, Canthigaster.........................122
rivulata, Diacope...................................61
rivulatus, Epinephelus..........................47
rivulatus, Gobiodon.............................102
rivulatus, Gymnocranius........................66
rivulatus, Lutjanus................................61
rivulatus, Serranus.................................47
robinsoni, Parapercis............................93
Robust mullet.........................................30
Robust tuskfish.......................................84
robusta, Moolgarda...............................30
robustus, Choerodon.............................84
robustus, Valamugil................................30
rochei, Auxis....................................... 111
Rock flagtail...........................................50
Rockmover wrasse.................................87
Rockskipper...........................................96
rodericensis, Kumococius.....................42
rogaa, Aethaloperca..............................43
rostratus, Petroscirtes............................94
Rosy goatfish..........................................69
Rosy jobfish...........................................62
Roudi escolar.......................................110
Rouge ananas.........................................44
Rouge batard..........................................43
Rouge du large.......................................47
Rouge grand queue................................49
Rouge l’allié...........................................44
Rouge noir..............................................47
Rouge peau dure....................................43
Rouge sale........................................46, 47
Rouget souris aurore..............................70
Rouget souris orangé..............................70
Rouget-barbet bandeau..........................69
Rouget-barbet barberin..........................68
Rouget-barbet cinnabare........................69
Rouget-barbet de Postel.........................69
Rouget-barbet des Mascareines.............69
Rouget-barbet diagonal..........................69
Rouget-barbet doré.................................68
Rouget-barbet double-tache...................69
Rouget-barbet indien..............................69
Rouget-barbet pastille............................69
Rouget-barbet sellé................................69
Rougette.................................................46
Rough triggerfish.................................116
Roughskin spurdog................................11
Roughskin trunkfish.............................120
Roundhead parrotfish.............................91
Rouvet.................................................. 111
Royal escolar........................................ 111
rubescens, Antigonia...........................114
Rubberlips..............................................64
ruber, Centropomus...............................35
rubescens, Mullus..................................69
rubescens, Parupeneus.........................69
rubra, Sciaena........................................35
rubrioperculatus, Lethrinus.................67
Ruby snapper.........................................60
rueppellii, Gymnothorax.......................17
rüppelli, Harpurus...............................110
rufinus, Symbolophorus........................26
rufus, Cossyphus....................................83
rupestris, Centropomus..........................50
rupestris, Kuhlia....................................50
russelli, Decapterus...............................57
russellii, Lutjanus.................................62
Rusty jobfish..........................................60
Rusty spaghetti eel.................................14
rutilans, Aphareus.................................60
Ruvettus pretiosus............................... 111
Sabre squirrelfish...................................35
Saddleback hogfish................................83
Saddled snake eel...................................19
sagittarius, Priacanthus........................51
Sailfin armourhead.................................75
Sailfin flyingfish.....................................31
Sailfin rubberlip.....................................64
Sailfish.................................................113
Sailfishes..............................................113
161
Sailor flyingfish......................................31
Salarias alticus......................................94
Salarias fasciatus..................................97
Salarias frenatus....................................96
Salarias meleagris.................................94
Salarias quadricornis............................96
Salarias tridactylus................................94
saliens, Alticus.......................................94
Salmo variegatus....................................25
Salmo varius..........................................25
salmoides, Epinephelus..........................46
Salmonidae...........................................23
Salmons . ...............................................23
Salt-and-pepper moray...........................15
saltatorius, Alticus.................................94
Samaridae...........................................114
Samaris costae.....................................114
sammara, Holocentrum..........................34
sammara, Neoniphon............................34
Samoan pipefish.....................................37
Samurai squirrelfish...............................35
sanctipetri, Chorinemus.........................58
Sand burrowers......................................92
Sand dart................................................92
Sand divers.............................................92
Sand lizardfish........................................24
Sand submarine......................................92
Sandbar shark...........................................9
Sandsmelts.............................................92
sandwichiensis, Amanses.....................118
Santer seabream.....................................65
saponaceus, Centropristis......................43
Sapsap commun.....................................59
Sapsap dentu..........................................58
Sapsap vaguelette...................................59
sarasa, Antennarius...............................28
sarba, Rhabdosargus.............................65
sarba, Sparus.........................................65
Sarda orientalis...................................112
sarda, Pelamys.....................................112
Sardine...................................................22
Sardine à queue noire.............................22
Sardinella jussieu..................................22
Sardinella melanura.............................22
Sardinelle tachetée.................................21
Sardines..................................................21
Sargasse..................................................28
Sargassum frogfish.................................28
Sargassumfish........................................28
Sargocentron caudimaculatum............34
Sargocentron diadema..........................35
Sargocentron inaequalis.......................35
Sargocentron ittodai..............................35
Sargocentron melanospilos..................35
Sargocentron punctatissimum..............35
Sargocentron seychellense....................35
Sargocentron spiniferum......................35
Sargocentron tiere.................................35
Sargocentron tiereoides........................36
162
Sargue doré............................................65
sathete, Strophidon...............................17
Satyrichthys investigatoris....................42
Saumon..................................................57
Saurida gracilis.....................................24
Saurida nebulosa..................................24
Saurus cynodus......................................25
Saurus myops.........................................25
Saurus variegatus..................................25
saurus, Elops..........................................13
Sauteur sabre..........................................58
Sauteur talang.........................................57
Savaii cardinalfish..................................52
savala, Trichiurus................................ 111
savayensis, Apogon................................52
savayensis, Nectamia............................52
savayensis, Ostorhynchus......................52
Savon.....................................................48
Savon à bande jaune...............................43
Savon barbu...........................................48
Savon rayes d’or....................................47
Savonette................................................47
Sawfishes...............................................11
Sawtooth eel...........................................21
Sawtooth eels.........................................21
saxatilis, Abudefduf................................77
scaber, Chironectes................................28
scaber, Platycephalus............................42
scaber, Scarus.......................................92
scapularis, Güntheria............................86
scapularis, Halichoeres.........................86
scapulostigma, Gnatholepis.................101
Scaridae.................................................90
Scarlet frogfish.......................................28
Scarus blochii.........................................90
Scarus capitanus....................................90
Scarus caudofasciatus..........................91
Scarus enneacanthus..............................90
Scarus falcipinnis..................................91
Scarus frenatus.....................................91
Scarus ghobban.....................................91
Scarus gibbus.........................................90
Scarus globiceps....................................91
Scarus japanensis..................................90
Scarus psittacus.....................................91
Scarus scaber........................................92
Scarus sordidus......................................90
Scarus venosus.......................................91
sceleratus, Lagocephalus....................122
sceleratus, Tetrodon.............................122
Schooling bannerfish..............................74
Schooling coachman..............................74
schultzi, Corythoichthys........................37
schwenkii, Pempheris...........................70
Sciaena cinerascens...............................71
Sciaena rubra.........................................35
Sciaenidae.............................................67
Sciaenops ocellatus...............................67
Scissortail.............................................104
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
Scissortail sergeant.................................77
Scissor-tailed fusilier.............................63
sclateri, Callogobius............................100
Scolecenchelys gymnota.......................19
Scolecenchelys laticaudata...................20
Scolecenchelys xorae............................20
Scolopsides phoeops..............................67
Scolopsis frenatus.................................67
Scomberoides commersonianus...........57
Scomberoides lysan...............................58
Scomberomorus commerson..............112
Scombridae......................................... 111
scopas, Amanses..................................118
scopas, Zebrasoma..............................109
Scorpaena megastoma...........................41
Scorpaena mesogallica..........................40
Scorpaenidae........................................38
Scorpaenodes guamensis......................40
Scorpaenodes kelloggi...........................40
Scorpaenodes minor..............................40
Scorpaenodes parvipinnis.....................40
Scorpaenopsis diabolus.........................40
Scorpaenopsis gibbosa..........................40
Scorpaenopsis longispina.....................40
Scorpaenopsis venosa............................40
Scorpionfishes........................................38
Scrawled butterflyfish............................72
Scrawled leatherjacket.........................118
Scribbled snapper...................................61
scriptissimus, Antennarius...................28
scriptus, Aluteres.................................118
Sculptured pipefish.................................36
sculptus, Choeroichthys........................36
Scuticaria tigrina..................................17
Sea chubs...............................................70
Sea goldie...............................................49
Sea urchin cardinalfish...........................53
Seabats...................................................29
Seabreams..............................................65
Seagrass parrotfish.................................91
Seahorses................................................36
sealei, Prognichthys..............................31
Seamoths................................................36
sebae, Diacope.......................................62
sebae, Lutjanus.....................................62
sebae, Ostracion..................................120
Sebastapistes mauritiana......................41
Sebastapistes nuchalis...........................41
Sebastapistes tinkhami..........................41
sebreei, Eviota.....................................101
seheli, Moolgarda..................................30
Selar coulisou.........................................58
Selar crumenophthalmus......................58
semicinctus, Amblygobius.....................99
semicinctus, Leiuranus.........................19
Semicircle angelfish...............................75
semicirculatus, Pomacanthus...............75
semidiscus, Hologymnosus....................86
semidoliata, Priolepis..........................103
Neue Serie 2
semiornatus, Apogon............................51
semipunctata, Asterropteryx.................99
semipunctatus, Asterropterix.................99
septemfasciatus, Abudefduf..................77
septemfasciatus, Epinephelus................46
Sergent-major.........................................77
Seriola lalandi.......................................58
Seriola rivoliana....................................58
Seriola songoro......................................58
Sériole amourez.....................................58
Sériole chicard.......................................58
Sériole limon..........................................58
Seriolichthys indicus..............................55
Seriolina nigrofasciata..........................58
serpens, Gempylus...............................110
Serpenton à longue nageoire..................19
Serranidae.............................................43
Serranus analis......................................43
Serranus argyro-grammiscus.................62
Serranus borbonicus..............................45
Serranus borbonius................................48
Serranus dermochirus............................46
Serranus erythraeus...............................44
Serranus filamentosus............................62
Serranus formosus.................................44
Serranus hexagonatus............................45
Serranus marginalis...............................46
Serranus morrhua..................................46
Serranus myriaster.................................43
Serranus punctulatus.............................49
Serranus rivulatus..................................47
Serranus zonatus....................................63
Serrate flutemouth..................................38
Serrivomer beanii..................................21
Serrivomeridae.....................................21
Setarches longimanus...........................38
Setarchidae...........................................38
setifer, Xiphasia.....................................97
setiger, Trichonotus...............................92
Sevenbar damsel....................................77
sexfasciatus, Abudefduf........................77
sexfasciatus, Caranx.............................56
sexguttata, Valenciennea....................104
sexlineatus, Grammistes.......................47
sexmaculata, Cephalopholis.................44
seychellense, Sargocentron...................35
seychellensis, Anarchias.......................14
seychellensis, Myripristis................33, 34
seychellensis, Stanulus.........................97
Seychelles blenny...................................97
Seychelles moray...................................14
Seychelles soldier...................................33
Seychelles squirrelfish...........................35
Shadowfin soldier..................................33
Shads......................................................21
Shaggy angler.........................................28
Shark remora..........................................54
Sharp-fin barracuda..............................110
Sharpnose sevengill shark......................11
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
Sharpsnout snake eel..............................18
Sharptail mola......................................124
Sharptooth cardinalfish..........................52
Sharptooth jobfish..................................63
Shirt-tooth cardinalfish...........................52
Shoemaker spinefoot............................106
Short dragonfish.....................................36
Shortbelly eel.........................................18
Shortbill spearfish................................113
Shortbodied blenny................................96
Shortdorsal cutthroat eel........................18
Shortfin eel.............................................13
Shortfin mako...........................................8
Shorttail pipefish....................................37
Shoulderbar soldierfish..........................33
Shoulderspot goby...............................101
Sickle pomfret........................................59
Sicklefishes............................................71
Sicydium lagocephalum.......................103
Sicydium laticeps.................................103
Sicyopterus lagocephalus....................103
Sideburn wrasse.....................................88
Siderea grisea........................................16
Siderea pantherina.................................17
Sidespot goatfish....................................69
sieboldi, Pristipomoides.........................63
sieboldii, Pristipomoides.......................63
Siebold’s jobfish.....................................63
Sigan cordonnier..................................106
Sigan marguerite..................................105
Sigan sombre........................................105
Sigan vermiculé...................................105
Siganidae.............................................105
Siganus argenteus...............................105
Siganus laqueus..................................105
Siganus luridus...................................105
Siganus oramin....................................106
Siganus spinus......................................105
Siganus stellatus..................................105
Siganus stellatus laqueus.....................105
Siganus sutor.......................................106
signata, Amoya......................................99
signifer, Iracundus................................39
sihama, Sillago......................................53
Silky shark...............................................9
Sillaginidae...........................................53
Sillago sihama.......................................53
Sillagos...................................................53
Silver lightfish........................................24
Silver moony..........................................71
Silver pearlfish.......................................26
Silver rabbitfish....................................105
Silver sillago..........................................53
Silversides..............................................30
Silverspot squirrelfish............................34
Silverstreak goldie.................................48
Silverstripe puffer................................122
Silvertip shark..........................................8
Simenchelys parasitica..........................18
simulans, Chromis..................................79
Siphamia mossambica..........................53
sirm, Amblygaster.................................21
Sixbar wrasse.........................................89
Sixblotch rockcod..................................44
Sixspot goby........................................104
Sixspot hind...........................................44
Sixstripe soapfish...................................47
Skipjack tuna........................................112
Skunkfish...............................................47
Sky emperor...........................................66
Sleek unicornfish..................................108
Sleeper sharks........................................10
Sleepers..................................................98
Slender fusilier.......................................63
Slender grouper......................................43
Slender pearlfish.....................................26
Slender rockcod.....................................43
Slender sweeper.....................................70
Slender tuna......................................... 111
Slender unicornfish..............................109
Slender worm-eel...................................19
Slenderspine grouper.............................47
Slimy......................................................59
Slimy goby...........................................100
Slingjaw wrasse.....................................85
Sliteye shark...........................................10
Slopefishes.............................................43
Slow dragonet........................................97
Smallfin gulper shark.............................11
Smallscale bonefish................................13
Smallscale grubfish................................93
Small-spotted pompano.........................58
Smalltooth emperor................................66
Smalltooth sawfish.................................11
smithae, Canthigaster.........................122
smithi, Bathygobius.............................100
Smooth angler........................................28
Smooth-hound sharks..............................8
Smoothscale goby................................102
Snake blennies.......................................27
Snake blenny..........................................97
Snake eels...............................................18
Snake mackerel....................................110
Snake mackerels...................................110
Snappers.................................................60
Snipe eels...............................................21
Snooty wrasse........................................84
Snowflake moray...................................14
Snowflake soapfish................................48
Snubnose emperor..................................66
Snubnose grouper...................................45
Snubnose pompano................................58
Snub-nosed eel.......................................18
snyderi, Pristiapogon.............................53
solandri, Acanthocybium.................... 111
solandri, Canthigaster.........................122
solandri, Rexea.................................... 111
Soldat couronné.....................................35
163
Soldier bream.........................................65
Soldierfishes...........................................33
Sole......................................................114
Solea borbonica...................................115
Soleichthys tubifera............................115
Soleidae...............................................114
Solenostomidae.....................................38
Solenostomus cyanopterus....................38
Solenostomus paradoxus......................38
Soles.....................................................114
songoro, Seriola.....................................58
sonnerati, Cephalopholis......................44
sordidus, Abudefduf..............................77
sordidus, Chlorurus..............................90
sordidus, Dilobomycterus....................120
sordidus, Glyphisodon...........................77
sordidus, Plectorhinchus......................65
sordidus, Scarus.....................................90
sorrah, Carcharhinus...........................10
souleyeti, Julis........................................89
Southern platyfish..................................32
Spaghetti eels.........................................14
Spangled emperor..................................67
Spare royal.............................................65
Spare soldat............................................65
Sparidae................................................65
sparoides, Abudefduf............................77
sparoides, Glyphisodon..........................77
Sparus sarba..........................................65
Spearfish remora....................................54
speciosus, Gnathanodon.......................57
Speckled grouper...................................45
Speckled maori wrasse...........................88
Speckled sandperch................................92
speckled snapper....................................61
Speckled squirrelfish..............................35
Spectacled filefish................................118
speculum, Priacanthus...........................50
speigleri, Callyodon...............................91
Sphyraena acutipinnis........................110
Sphyraena barracuda..........................110
Sphyraena chrysotaenia.......................110
Sphyraena commersoni........................110
Sphyraena dussumieri..........................110
Sphyraena obtusa.................................110
Sphyraena obtusata.............................110
Sphyraenidae......................................110
Sphyraenops bairdianus.......................53
Sphyrna lewini.......................................10
Sphyrna mokarran................................10
Sphyrna zygaena....................................10
Sphyrnidae............................................10
spiloparaea, Cephalopholis...................44
spilostylus, Cyclichthys.......................123
spilotes, Cossyphus................................83
spilotoceps, Epinephelus.......................47
spilotus, Istiblennius.............................96
spilurus, Herklotsichthys......................22
spinarella, Cephalacanthus...................38
164
Spineblotch scorpionfish........................41
Spinecheeks............................................67
Spinefeet..............................................105
spinidens, Cryptotomus..........................90
spinifer, Argyrops..................................65
spiniferum, Holocentrum.......................35
spiniferum, Sargocentron.....................35
Spinner shark...........................................9
spinosissimus, Tylerius.......................123
spinus, Siganus.....................................105
Spiny blaasop.......................................123
Spiny flathead.........................................42
Spiny seabat...........................................29
Spiny seahorse.......................................37
Spinycheek lanternfish...........................25
Spinyface soldierfish..............................34
Spinyhead cardinal.................................53
Splitfin perches.......................................42
Spot damsel............................................77
Spotbase burrfish..................................123
Spotbelly toby......................................121
Spotcheek emperor.................................67
Spotfin angler.........................................28
Spotfin burrfish....................................123
Spotfin flyingfish....................................30
Spotfin frogfish......................................28
Spotfin lionfish.......................................39
Spottail coris..........................................85
Spottail shark.........................................10
Spotted butterflyfish...............................72
Spotted croucher....................................38
Spotted eagle ray....................................12
Spotted fanfish.......................................59
Spotted filefish.....................................119
Spotted frillgoby..................................100
Spotted garden eel..................................21
Spotted opah...........................................26
Spotted pilchard.....................................21
Spotted sanddiver...................................92
Spotted sandperch............................92, 93
Spotted sandsmelt..................................93
Spotted sardinella...................................21
Spotted sharpnose................................122
Spotted sicklefish...................................71
Spotted snake eel....................................19
Spotted soapfish.....................................48
Spotted tinselfish....................................36
Spotted toby.........................................121
Spotted unicornfish..............................108
Spratelloides delicatulus.......................22
Springeratus polyporatus......................93
Spurcheek cardinal.................................53
Squale pygmée.......................................10
Squalidae...............................................11
Squalus asper.........................................11
Squalus fernandinus...............................11
Squalus megalops..................................11
squamiceps, Psenes..............................113
squamipinnis, Pseudanthias.................49
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
squammipinnis, Anthias.........................49
Squaretail mullet....................................29
Squaretail rabbitfish.............................105
Squiggly blenny.....................................95
Squirrelfishes.........................................33
Stanulus seychellensis..........................97
Star puffer............................................121
Stareye lightfish.....................................24
Stareye parrotfish...................................90
Stargazer................................................92
Stargazers...............................................92
Starry dragonet.......................................97
Starry goby.............................................99
Starry helmet gurnard............................38
Starry triggerfish..................................115
Starryfin goby........................................99
Star-spotted grouper...............................45
Star-spotted rabbitfish..........................105
Steephead parrotfish...............................90
Stegastes albifasciatus..........................81
Stegastes fasciolatus..............................81
Stegastes limbatus.................................81
Stegastes lividus.....................................82
Stegastes luteobrunneus.......................81
Stegastes nigricans................................82
Stegastes pelicieri..................................82
Stegastes punctatus...............................82
steindachneri, Taractichthys.................59
steinitzi, Amblyeleotris..........................98
steinitzi, Photoblepharon......................32
stellans, Epinephelus..............................45
stellatus laqueus, Siganus....................105
stellatus, Abalistes...............................115
stellatus, Arothron...............................121
stellatus, Siganus.................................105
stellatus, Synchiropus...........................97
Stenogobius polyzona..........................103
Sternoptychidae...................................23
Stethojulis albovittata............................89
Stethojulis strigiventer..........................89
stigmaticus, Cirripectes.........................95
Stingrays................................................12
Stocky hawkfish.....................................76
Stolephorus commersonii.....................21
Stonefishes.............................................41
Stonogobiops dracula..........................103
Stop-start damsel....................................80
Stout moray............................................15
Stout-body chromis................................78
Streaky rockcod.....................................45
Streamlined spinefoot..........................105
Striated frogfish......................................28
Striated surgeonfish..............................108
striatus, Antennarius.............................28
striatus, Ctenochaetus.........................108
striatus, Entomacrodus.........................96
striatus, Pseudoscarus...........................90
strigata, Valenciennea.........................104
strigiventer, Stethojulis.........................89
Neue Serie 2
strigosus, Acanthurus...........................108
strigosus, Ctenochaetus.......................108
Striped angler.........................................28
Striped blanquillo...................................54
Striped bonito.......................................112
Striped catfish.........................................23
Striped eel catfish...................................23
Striped goatfish......................................70
Striped marlin.......................................113
Striped pygmy goby.............................101
Striped rockskipper................................94
Striped threadfin.....................................68
Stripetail damsel.....................................77
Stripetail tilefish.....................................54
strongylocephalus, Chlorurus..............90
Strongylura leiura.................................31
Strophidon sathete................................17
Sufflamen bursa..................................117
Sufflamen chrysopterum.....................117
Sufflamen fraenatum..........................117
sulphureus, Upeneoides.........................70
sulphureus, Upeneus.............................70
sulphureus, Uranoscopus.....................92
Sunagocia otaitensis.............................42
Sunfishes..............................................124
Sunrise goatfish......................................70
superciliosus, Alopias.............................8
supralateralis, Bolinichthys..................25
Surge demoiselle....................................79
Surge wrasse..........................................89
Surgeon grenadier..................................26
Surgeonfishes.......................................106
surinamensis, Lobotes...........................64
susumi, Liopropoma.............................48
sutor, Amphacanthus...........................106
sutor, Siganus......................................106
Swallowtail angelfish.............................75
Swallowtail hawkfish.............................76
Sweepers................................................70
Sweetlips................................................64
Swordfish.............................................113
Swordfishes..........................................113
Symbolophorus rufinus.........................26
Symphurus ocellatus...........................115
Symphysanodon sp.................................43
Symphysanodontidae...........................43
Synagrops japonicus.............................42
Synanceia brachio..................................41
Synanceia horrida..................................41
Synanceia verrucosa.............................41
Synanceiidae.........................................41
Synaphobranchidae.............................18
Synaphobranchus affinis......................18
Synaphobranchus brevidorsalis...........18
Synchiropus stellatus............................97
Syngnathe...............................................37
Syngnathidae........................................36
Synodontidae........................................24
Synodus binotatus.................................24
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
Synodus dermatogenys..........................24
Synodus variegatus.........................24, 25
Synodus varius.......................................25
tabaccaria, Fistularia............................38
Taenianotus triacanthus.......................41
taenianotus, Ablabys.............................41
taeniatus, Aspidontus.............................94
taeniatus, Malacanthus..........................54
taeniophorus, Apogon............................53
taeniophorus, Ostorhinchus.................53
taeniopterus, Pristiapogon....................53
taeniourus, Novaculichthys..................87
Taeniura melanospilos...........................12
Taeniura meyeni....................................12
taeniurus, Dules.....................................50
taeniurus, Novaculichthys......................87
Tail-barred parrotfish.............................91
Tail-light lanternfish...............................25
Tailring surgeonfish..............................106
Tailspot squirrelfish................................34
Takifugu oblongus..............................123
Talang queenfish....................................57
Tamarin à bandes noires.........................86
Tamarin vert...........................................86
Tambour rouge.......................................67
Tan bristlemouth....................................23
Tanichthys albonubes............................23
Tank goby.............................................101
tapeinosoma, Naso...............................108
tapeinosoma, Plagiotremus...................97
Taractichthys steindachneri..................59
tarapacana, Mobula..............................12
Tarpon grande écaille.............................13
Tarpon indo-pacifique............................13
Tarpons...................................................13
tauensis, Chalixodytes...........................92
Taupe bleu................................................8
tauvina, Epinephelus............................47
Tawny nurse shark.................................11
Teardrop butterflyfish.............................72
teira, Platax.........................................105
telfairii, Agonostomus...........................29
temminckii, Aulacocephalus.................43
tennentii, Acanthurus.........................107
Tenpounder............................................13
Tenpounders...........................................13
tentacularis, Pontinus...........................39
tenuis, Yirrkala......................................20
Terapon jarbua......................................50
Terapontidae.........................................50
teres, Caesio...........................................63
ternatensis, Chromis.............................79
Tetragonoptrus auriga...........................71
Tetragonoptrus fasciatus........................72
Tetragonoptrus kleini.............................72
Tetragonoptrus vittatus..........................73
tetragonus, Ostracion..........................119
Tetraodontidae...................................120
Tetrapturus angustirostris...................113
Tetrapturus audax................................113
Tetrarogidae..........................................41
Tetrodon immaculatus..........................120
Tetrodon sceleratus..............................122
Tetrosomus concatenatus....................120
Teuthis fuscescens................................106
Thalassoma amblycephalum................89
Thalassoma genivittatum......................89
Thalassoma hardwicke.........................89
Thalassoma hebraicum.........................89
Thalassoma mascarenum.......................89
Thalassoma melanochir.........................89
Thalassoma purpureum........................89
Thalassoma quinquevittatum.................89
Thalassoma trilobatum.........................89
Thamnaconus fajardoi........................119
Thamnaconus modestoides.................119
Thazard................................................ 111
Thazard blanc.........................................60
Thazard rayé.........................................112
thazard, Auxis..................................... 111
Thazard-batard..................................... 111
Therapon jarbua....................................50
thetidis, Dasyatis...................................12
Thin sand-eel..........................................20
Thintail thresher.......................................8
thompsoni, Acanthurus.......................107
Thon banane......................................... 111
Thon batard..........................................112
Thon blanc...........................................112
Thon dents à chien...............................112
Thon élégant......................................... 111
Thon gros yeux....................................112
Thon jaune...........................................112
Thonine orientale.................................112
Thornfish................................................50
Thornfishes.............................................50
Thorntail stingray...................................12
thorpei, Rhabdosargus..........................66
Threadfin butterflyfish............................71
Threadfin pursemouth............................64
Threadfins..............................................67
Threeband cardinalfish...........................51
Threeribbon wrasse................................89
Threespot angelfish................................74
Threespot dascyllus................................80
Threespot gourami...............................114
Threetooth puffer.................................120
Threetooth pufferfishes........................120
Thresher sharks........................................8
Thryssa baelama...................................21
Thumbprint emperor..............................66
thunnina, Thynnus................................112
Thunnus alalunga...............................112
Thunnus albacares..............................112
Thunnus obesus..................................112
thynnoides, Naso.................................109
Thynnus thunnina.................................112
165
Thynnus thynnus..................................112
Thynnus vulgaris..................................112
Thyrsitoides marleyi............................ 111
Thyrsoidea bullata.................................16
Thyrsoidea grisea..................................16
Thyrsoidea macrura...............................18
Thyrsoidea tile.......................................17
Thysanophrys chiltonae........................42
Thysanophrys otaitensis.........................42
tiere, Sargocentron................................35
tiereoides, Sargocentron.......................36
Tiger cardinal.........................................51
Tiger moray............................................15
Tiger reef-eel..........................................17
Tiger shark.............................................10
Tiger snake eel.......................................19
Tiger snake-moray.................................17
tigrina, Scuticaria.................................17
tigrinus, Chilomycterus........................123
tigrinus, Uropterygius............................17
Tilapia....................................................77
Tilapia zillii............................................77
tile, Ptercaesio.......................................64
tile, Thyrsoidea......................................17
Tilefishes................................................53
tinkhami, Sebastapistes.........................41
Tinselfishes.............................................36
Tire bourre..............................................49
Titan triggerfish....................................115
tol, Chorinemus......................................58
Toma......................................................63
Tomato grouper......................................44
Tomato hind...........................................44
Tomato rockcod.....................................44
Tongareva goby....................................100
tongarevae, Cabillus...........................100
Tongole..................................................86
Tongue soles.........................................115
Torpedinidae.........................................12
Torpedo fuscomaculata.........................12
Torpedo marmorata...............................12
Trachinocephalus myops......................25
Trachinotus baillonii.............................58
Trachinotus blochii...............................58
Trachipteridae......................................26
Trachipterus jacksonensis....................26
Trachyrhamphus bicoarctatus..............37
trachys, Ostracion...............................120
tractus, Aspidontus................................94
tragula, Upeneus....................................70
Trembleur...............................................12
triacanthus, Taenianotus......................41
Triaenodon obesus................................10
Triakidae.................................................8
Triangular boxfish................................120
trichipterus, Pteraclis............................59
Trichiuridae........................................ 111
Trichiurus lepturus............................. 111
Trichiurus savala................................. 111
166
Trichogaster trichopterus....................114
Trichonotidae........................................92
Trichonotus setiger................................92
trichopterus, Trichogaster...................114
trichrourus, Pomacentrus.....................81
tricolor, Ptereleotris.............................104
tridactylus, Salarias...............................94
trifascialis, Chaetodon..........................73
trifasciatus, Amphiprion........................78
trifasciatus, Chaetodon.........................73
trifasciatus, Mullus................................69
trifasciatus, Parupeneus.......................69
Triggerfishes.........................................115
Triglidae................................................41
trilobatum, Thalassoma........................89
trilobatus, Cheilinus..............................84
trilobatus, Julis......................................89
trimaculatus, Apolemichthys................74
trimaculatus, Dascyllus.........................80
trimaculatus, Holacanthus.....................74
Triodon bursarius................................120
Triodon macropterus...........................120
Triodontidae.......................................120
triostegus, Acanthurus........................107
Triplefins................................................93
Triplespine deepwater cardinalfish........53
Tripletail wrasse.....................................84
Tripletails...............................................64
Tripterygiidae.......................................93
Tripterygion minutus..............................93
Tripterygium fasciatum..........................93
tripunctatum, Pomacentrus....................81
tripunctulatus, Valenciennellus............24
triqueter, Ostracion..............................120
Trompette...............................................38
Tropical carp-gudgeon...........................98
Tropical two-wing flyingfish..................31
Trouts.....................................................23
Truite arc-en-ciel....................................23
Trumpetfishes.........................................36
truncatus, Ctenochaetus.....................108
Trunk-eyed moray..................................16
Trunkfish..............................................124
Trygon pastinaca....................................12
tsirimenara, Epinephelus.......................46
Tubelip wrasse.......................................87
tuber, Naso...........................................109
tuberculatus, Ostracion................109, 119
tuberosus, Naso...................................109
tubifera, Soleichthys...........................115
tukula, Epinephelus..............................47
Tunas.................................................... 111
Turncoat hogfish....................................83
Tusk goby...............................................99
tutuilae, Enneapterygius.......................93
Twinspot lionfish....................................39
Twinspot snapper...................................61
twisti, Anampses.....................................82
twistii, Anampses...................................82
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
Twobar anemonefish..............................78
Twobar humbug.....................................80
Twobar seabream...................................65
Two-barred goatfish...............................69
Twospot basslet......................................48
Twospot hawkfish..................................75
Twospot hogfish.....................................83
Twospot lizardfish..................................24
Twospot pygmy goby...........................100
Twospot wrasse......................................88
Twostripe blenny....................................97
Twostripe goby.....................................103
Twotone wrasse......................................89
Two-wing flyingfish...............................31
Tylerius spinosissimus........................123
Tylosurus crocodilus.............................32
Tylosurus crocodilus fodiator................32
typus, Histiopterus.................................75
typus, Oxycirrhites................................76
typus, Pristipomoides............................63
typus, Rhincodon...................................11
Umbrina canariensis.............................67
umbrinus, Chaunax..............................29
umbrostigma, Julis.................................89
Undulated moray....................................17
undulatus, Balistapus.........................115
undulatus, Cheilinus.............................84
undulatus, Gymnothorax......................17
undulatus, Lycodontis............................17
unicolor, Epinephelus............................44
unicolor, Gymnosarda........................112
unicolor, Naso.....................................109
unicolor, Uropterygius...........................18
Unicolour snake moray..........................18
Unicorn leatherjacket...........................118
Unicornfishes.......................................106
unicornis, Naso...................................109
Uniform reef-eel.....................................18
unilineatus, Labrichthys.......................87
unimaculata, Chrysiptera.....................79
unimaculatus, Chaetodon......................72
unipinna, Caracanthus.........................39
Upeneoides sulphureus..........................70
Upeneus chryseredros............................68
Upeneus cyprinoides..............................68
Upeneus flavolineatus............................68
Upeneus lateristriga...............................69
Upeneus mascareinsis...........................69
Upeneus sulphureus..............................70
Upeneus tragula.....................................70
Upeneus vittatus....................................70
Uranoscopidae......................................92
Uranoscopus archionema.....................92
Uranoscopus oligolepis.........................92
Uranoscopus sulphureus......................92
Uraspis uraspis......................................58
urodelus, Epinephelus............................44
urodeta, Cephalopholis.........................44
Neue Serie 2
urodeta, Epinephelus.............................44
urolampus, Idiolychnus........................25
Uropterygius concolor..........................18
Uropterygius macrocephalus................18
Uropterygius marmoratus......................18
Uropterygius tigrinus.............................17
Uropterygius unicolor............................18
Uropterygius xanthopterus...................18
Vagabond butterflyfish...........................73
vagabundus, Chaetodon.......................73
Vagrant moray........................................15
vaigiensis, Abudefduf............................77
vaigiensis, Ellochelon...........................29
vaigiensis, Kyphosus.............................71
vaigiensis, Leptoscarus.........................91
vaigiensis, Lutjanus...............................61
Valamugil robustus.................................30
Valenciennea helsdingenii..................103
Valenciennea sexguttata.....................104
Valenciennea strigata..........................104
Valenciennellus tripunctulatus.............24
valencienni, Choeroichthys..................36
valenciennii, Doryichthys......................36
valentijni, Canthogaster.......................122
valentini, Aulostomus.............................36
valentini, Canthigaster........................122
Vanderhorstia ornatissima..................104
vanicolensis, Mulloides..........................68
vanicolensis, Mulloidichthys..................68
vanicolensis, Pempheris.........................70
Vara-vara................................................61
Variable chromis....................................79
Variegated emperor................................67
Variegated lizardfish...............................25
variegatus, Lethrinus............................67
variegatus, Poecilophis..........................17
variegatus, Salmo...................................25
variegatus, Saurus.................................25
variegatus, Synodus..............................25
Variola albimarginata...........................49
Variola louti...........................................49
variolosus, Cirripectes...........................94
varius, Gomphosus.................................85
varius, Salmo.........................................25
varius, Synodus......................................25
Veiled anglemouth.................................23
velifer, Acanthurus...............................110
velifer, Zebrasoma...............................110
velifera, Pteraclis...................................59
veliferum, Zebrasoma..........................110
Venefica proboscidea.............................21
venosa, Scorpaenopsis...........................40
venosus, Scarus......................................91
ventralis, Pyramodon............................26
Vermiculate parrotfish............................91
Vermiculate wrasse................................87
verna, Eviota........................................101
verrucosa, Synanceia............................41
fricke et alii, checklist of fish species of la réunion
vespertilio, Platax................................105
vidua, Melichthys................................116
Vieille.....................................................47
Vieille à bec pointu................................84
Vieille à selle noire.................................83
Vieille ananas.........................................44
Vieille arlequin.......................................44
Vieille barbe noire..................................88
Vieille chinois foncée.............................44
Vieille chocolat......................................43
Vieille ciseau..........................................88
Vieille dorée...........................................43
Vieille étoilée.........................................43
Vieille fraise...........................................44
Vieille léopard........................................43
Vieille lutre.............................................47
Vieille maori pointillée..........................88
Vieille nègre...........................................47
Vieille rayée...........................................84
Vieille roga.............................................43
Vieille six taches....................................44
Vieille tachetée.......................................84
Vieille trilobé.........................................84
Vieille triple queue.................................84
Vieux monde..........................................87
violacea, Dasyatis..................................12
violacea, Pteryplatytrygon.....................12
Violet-lined parrotfish............................91
Violon jarbua..........................................50
Viper moray...........................................15
virescens, Aprion...................................60
virescens, Halichoeres...........................86
viridescens, Balistoides.......................115
viridis, Chromis.....................................79
viridis, Pseudoscarus.............................90
vittata, Harengula..................................22
vittata, Myripristis.................................34
vittatis, Julis...........................................87
vittatus, Plectorhinchus........................65
vittatus, Tetragonoptrus.........................73
vittatus, Upeneus...................................70
vitulus, Hexanchus.................................11
Vivaneau à raies bleues..........................61
Vivaneau blanc.......................................62
Vivaneau bourgeois................................62
Vivaneau chien rouge.............................61
Vivaneau commun.................................62
Vivaneau des mangroves........................60
Vivaneau du Bengale.............................60
Vivaneau écarlate...................................60
Vivaneau églefin.....................................61
Vivaneau flamme...................................60
Vivaneau gibelot....................................61
Vivaneau gris.........................................63
Vivaneau grosse écaille..........................63
Vivaneau job..........................................60
Vivaneau lantanier.................................60
Vivaneau maori......................................61
Vivaneau pagaie.....................................61
Vivaneau plate........................................62
Vivaneau queue noire.............................61
Vivaneau rayé...................................62, 63
Vivaneau rouge......................................60
Vivaneau rouillé.....................................60
Vivaneau rubis.......................................60
Vivaneau tidents.....................................60
Vivanette queue jaune............................62
Viviparous brotulas................................27
vlamingi, Naso.....................................109
Voilier...................................................113
volitans, Corystion.................................38
volitans, Exocoetus...............................31
volitans, Pterois.....................................39
vulgaris, Acanthias................................11
vulgaris, Thynnus.................................112
vulpes, Albula.........................................13
vulpinus, Alopias.....................................8
Wahoo.................................................. 111
wallacei, Bathycongrus.........................20
wallacei, Rhechias.................................20
Wallace’s conger eel...............................20
warmingii, Ceratoscopelus...................25
Warming’s lanternfish............................25
Warthead goby.....................................103
Waspfishes..............................................41
webbi, Neobrama...................................26
weberi, Chromis....................................79
Weber’s chromis....................................79
Wedge picassofish................................117
Wedge-tailed wrasse..............................87
Weedy scorpionfish................................40
Western raggy scorpionfish....................40
Whale remora.........................................54
Whale shark...........................................11
Whale sharks..........................................11
Whalesucker...........................................54
wheeleri, Amblyeleotris.........................99
wheeleri, Carcharhinus............................9
Whipsnout sorcerer................................21
White kingfish........................................57
White trevally.........................................57
Whitebar gregory...................................81
White-blotched grouper.........................46
Whitecloud mountain minnow...............23
White-edged lyretail...............................49
whitei, Hippocampus..............................37
whiteleggii, Cubiceps..........................113
White-margined stargazer......................92
Whitesaddle goatfish..............................68
White-spotted boxfish..........................120
White-spotted butterflyfish.....................72
White-spotted devil................................80
White-spotted goby................................99
White-spotted grouper...........................44
White-spotted moray..............................16
White-spotted puffer............................120
White-spotted surgeonfish...................106
167
Whitetail chromis...................................78
Whitetail dascyllus.................................80
Whitetip reef shark.................................10
White-tipped soldierfish.........................34
Whitetongue jack...................................58
Widebar damsel......................................80
Widehead sleeper...................................98
wilsoni, Conger.....................................20
Witch eel................................................21
Wrasses..................................................82
Wrigglers..............................................105
Xanthichthys auromarginatus............117
Xanthichthys lima.................................118
Xanthichthys lineopunctatus..............118
xanthocephalus, Chaetodon.................73
xanthochilus, Lethrinus........................67
xanthonota, Caesio...............................63
xanthonota, Labropsis..........................87
xanthopterus, Acanthurus..................108
xanthopterus, Uropterygius..................18
xanthozonus, Abudefduf.........................79
xanthura, Chromis................................79
xanthura, Paracaesio............................62
xanthurus, Apolemichthys....................74
xanthurus, Caesio..................................62
xanthurus, Chromis................................79
Xenisthmidae......................................105
Xenisthmus africanus.........................105
Xenolepidichthys dalgleishi..................36
Xiphasia setifer......................................97
Xiphias gladius....................................113
Xiphias platypterus..............................113
Xiphiidae.............................................113
Xiphophorus hellerii.............................32
Xiphophorus maculatus........................32
xorae, Muraenichthys............................20
xorae, Scolecenchelys...........................20
Xyrichtys pavo........................................87
Xyrichtys pentadactylus........................90
yaito, Euthynnus...................................112
yamashiroi, Pseudocoris.......................88
Y-bar shrimp goby................................100
Yellow boxfish.....................................119
Yellow perch..........................................48
Yellow striped snapper...........................61
Yellowback anthias................................48
Yellowback fusilier................................63
Yellow-banded goatfish..........................70
Yellow-breasted wrasse..........................82
Yellow-dotted trevally............................55
Yellow-edged moray..............................16
Yellowface triggerfish..........................116
Yellowfin needlefish...............................31
Yellowfin soldierfish..............................33
Yellowfin surgeonfish...........................108
Yellowfin tuna......................................112
Yellowhead butterflyfish........................73
168
Yellowlip emperor..................................67
Yellow-margined moray;.......................16
Yellowsaddle goatfish............................68
Yellowspot emperor...............................66
Yellow-spotted trevally..........................55
Yellowstripe barracuda........................110
Yellowstripe goatfish..............................68
Yellow-striped squirrelfish.....................34
Yellowtail amberjack.............................58
Yellowtail blue snapper..........................62
Yellowtail damsel...................................81
Yellowtail emperor.................................66
Yellowtail fusilier.............................62, 63
Yellowtail goldie....................................48
Yellowtail mullet....................................29
Yellowtail scad.......................................55
Yellowtail tamarin..................................82
Yellow-tipped squirrelfish......................35
stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde a
Yellow-wing flyingfish...........................30
Yirrkala tenuis.......................................20
Z’amab.............................................13, 14
Zanclidae.............................................106
Zanclus canescens................................106
Zanclus cornutus................................106
Z’anguille.........................................13, 14
Zanzibar butterflyfish.............................73
zanzibarensis, Chaetodon.....................73
zanzibarensis, Hetereleotris................102
Zebra angelfish.......................................75
Zebra dartfish.......................................105
Zebra humbug........................................80
Zebra lionfish.........................................39
Zebra moray...........................................15
Zebra turkeyfish.....................................39
zebra, Dendrochirus..............................39
Neue Serie 2
zebra, Echidna.......................................17
zebra, Gymnomuraena..........................15
zebra, Ptereleotris................................105
zebra, Pterois.........................................39
Zebrasoma flavescens..........................110
Zebrasoma gemmatum........................109
Zebrasoma scopas...............................109
Zebrasoma velifer................................110
Zigzag wrasse.........................................86
zillii, Tilapia...........................................77
zonatus, Abudefduf.................................79
zonatus, Pristipomoides........................63
zonatus, Serranus...................................63
zonipectis, Gymnothorax......................17
zoster, Hemitaurichthys........................73
zygaena, Sphyrna...................................10
Authors’ addresses:
Dr. Ronald Fricke, Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany;
e-mail: fricke.smns@naturkundemuseum-bw.de (address for correspondence)
Dr. Thierry Mulochau, Dr. Patrick Durville, Aquarium de La Réunion, Port de Plaisance, 97434 Saint-Gilles les Bains, La Réunion,
France;
e-mail: aquarium.reunion@wanadoo.fr
Dr. Pascale Chabanet, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), BP 172, 97492 Sainte-Clotilde cedex, La Réunion,
France;
e-mail: pascale.chabanet@ird.fr
Dr. Emmanuel Tessier, Association Parc Marin de La Réunion, 97436 Saint-Leu, La Réunion, France;
e-mail: tessier.parcmarin@wanadoo.fr
Dr. Yves Letourneur, Université de la Méditerranée, Centre d’Océanologie de Marseille, UMR CNRS 6540, Campus de Luminy,
Case 901, 13288 Marseille cedex 9, France;
e-mail: yves.letourneur@univmed.fr
Manuscript received: 8.IX.2008, accepted: 25.XI.2008.
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