A revised checklist of the lichenized, lichenicolous and allied fungi of New Jersey

Dennis P Waters

The first checklist of New Jersey lichens, lichenicolous fungi, and allied fungi treated with lichens (e.g., Mycocaliciaceae) is presented, together with an accounting of excluded species and questionable historical reports. A total of 479 species are reported from the region based on extensive study of herbarium specimens, fieldwork, and records compiled from the published literature cross-referenced with extant herbarium specimens. Prior published work on the lichens of New Jersey is reviewed and discussed, as are avenues for further research. The currently documented biodiversity is discussed from the standpoint of several widely used lichen traits (growth form, reproductive mode, nutrition mode) and datasets derived from biodiversity inventories carried out by the authors are used to illustrate trends in species frequencies.

Bartonia No. 70: 1–62, 2019 A revised checklist of the lichenized, lichenicolous and allied fungi of New Jersey DENNIS P. WATERS1,* AND JAMES C. LENDEMER2 1 4 Ivy Glen Lane, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, U.S.A. 2 Institute of Systematic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458-5126, U.S.A. *corresponding author: dpwaters@gmail.com ABSTRACT. The first checklist of New Jersey lichens, lichenicolous fungi, and allied fungi treated with lichens (e.g., Mycocaliciaceae) is presented, together with an accounting of excluded species and questionable historical reports. A total of 479 species are reported from the region based on extensive study of herbarium specimens, fieldwork, and records compiled from the published literature crossreferenced with extant herbarium specimens. Prior published work on the lichens of New Jersey is reviewed and discussed, as are avenues for further research. The currently documented biodiversity is discussed from the standpoint of several widely used lichen traits (growth form, reproductive mode, nutrition mode) and datasets derived from biodiversity inventories carried out by the authors are used to illustrate trends in species frequencies. Keywords. Atlantic Coastal Pine Barrens, biodiversity, conservation, historical baseline, Kittatinny Ridge, Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain, natural history collections, Piedmont, Pine Barrens, symbiosis. INTRODUCTION More than two centuries of continuous study of eastern North American lichens has documented a biologically diverse and ecologically important biota comprising thousands of species that include endemic elements of geographically widespread and narrowly distributed species (Allen & Lendemer 2016, Gueidan & Lendemer 2015, Hale 1987, Lendemer & Allen 2015, Lendemer & Harris 2015, McMullin 2015, Nelsen et al. 2010), disjunct elements that include species from regions such as eastern Asia (Magain et al. 2016; Miadlikowska et al. 2011; Sheard 2010; Sheard et al. 2014, 2017; Spribille et al. 2011) and Europe (Brodo & Hawksworth 1977, Brodo & Vänskä 1984, Culberson & Culberson 1968, Printzen et al. 2003, Sheard 1995), as well as a cosmopolitan element that includes species considered to have large intercontinental distributions (Hale 1976a, Leavitt et al. 2015). Despite having such a long and distinguished history of study however, relatively few areas have been subjected to the systematic, large-scale biodiversity inventories that have already been carried out for organisms such as vascular plants or vertebrates (see Lendemer & Allen 2014, Nash et al. 2002). Further, when such inventories have been carried out, they typically highlight conservation issues and lead to the description of a remarkable number of taxa new to science (e.g., Lendemer et al. 2016b, Lücking et al. 2011, Seavey et al. 2017, Spribille et al. 2010). As is the case for other areas in the eastern United States, the lichens of the densely populated region between Boston and Philadelphia have been the subject of scientific 1 2 BARTONIA inquiry for hundreds of years (Brodo 2000, Fink 1904, Willey 1867). This is not surprising given the rich history of local botanical study and major botanical research institutions (Brendel 1879, Boom 1996, Harshberger 1899, Pennell 1941, Smith 1962, Thomas 2016, Wood 2010). While historical accounts of the lichens in this area were largely synoptic checklists incorporated into floras (e.g., Darlington 1853, Halsey 1823, Heller 1893, Muhlenberg 1813), large-scale inventories have been carried out in modern times in areas such as the Boston Harbor in Massachusetts (LaGreca et al. 2005), Long Island in New York (Brodo 1968) and Pennsylvania (Lendemer 2011a). Yet, substantial knowledge gaps remain and among these is the State of New Jersey. The lichens of New Jersey, as a whole, have neither been systematically inventoried nor the subject of a single focused publication. Although a synoptic checklist of New Jersey lichens was published by Britton (1889), this list was based on material collected at limited locations by a relatively small number of researchers and is now substantially outdated as it is more than a century old. Likewise, while Wood (1914) enumerated the lichens found throughout a large portion of the state, these records were included with those from other adjacent states because the study was on areas within 100 miles of New York City. Evans (1935, 1938, 1940) documented the diversity of the charismatic genus Cladonia in New Jersey, however again these publications did not treat the numerous other lichens that occur in the state. Aside from the aforementioned works, all published accounts of New Jersey lichens have been geographically and taxonomically limited in scope (e.g., Harris 1985, Hastings 1940, Lendemer 2006, Moldenke 1944) or were focused on scientific areas such as ecology rather than floristics (e.g., Glenn & Webb 1997, Glenn et al. 1998, Little 1951, Lutz 1934, Sedia & Ehrenfeld 2006). The above is surprising given the close proximity of New Jersey to institutions that have long employed lichenologists and maintained substantial lichen collections (Lendemer & Harris 2016a). It is also surprising given that, like adjacent areas of the eastern United States, the lichens of New Jersey have been studied sporadically for more than a century and thus a wealth of largely unpublished data is already housed in natural history collections. Recently, while preparing an account of a lichen biodiversity inventory of Mercer County (Waters & Lendemer, in rev.), we were struck by the absence of a modern checklist of New Jersey lichens. This prompted us to prepare the present contribution. METHODS Literature Review. – A comprehensive compilation of lichens and allied fungi previously reported from New Jersey was assembled from two sources: 1) a search for publications indexed in Recent Literature on Lichens (Culberson et al. 2017) that had been tagged with the keyword “New Jersey”; and 2) a review of the first 400 results of a Google Scholar search for papers containing “lichen” and “New Jersey.” Each publication was examined and all of the names of taxa reported therein were compiled into a single table that also cited the source and year of publication. These reports were then supplemented by further references found linked to the target publications or through additional opportunistic searches of relevant taxonomic literature. We also incorporated records from Waters & Lendemer (in rev.) as exclusion of the large number of species that will be reported in that contribution would have rendered the present checklist obsolete in a short time frame. It should be noted that our compiled literature reports only included taxa explicitly reported from New Jersey. For example, Nash (1972) and Wetmore (1987) provided lists of species NEW JERSEY LICHENS 3 found near the Delaware Water Gap, which straddles the border between New Jersey and Pennsylvania, but they did not distinguish which state their records were derived from. The nomenclature used in the original reports was then updated following Esslinger (2016). In the case of some older reports, largely from the 19th century, the names used were not present in the aforementioned reference and as such we relied on Index Fungorum to guide the nomenclatural updates. In order to provide transparency to this process a translation table was prepared and appended to the end of the checklist. The compiled list of reports and updated names was then examined in detail and parsed into three categories: 1) checklist names: names derived from reliable records published in modern times (e.g., Harris 1985, Lendemer 2006); 2) synonyms and excluded species: names derived from records that were misidentified, correspond to species that are very unlikely to occur in New Jersey (e.g., published modern range maps that do not include the region), or represent well-documented taxonomic synonyms; and 3) questionable records: names derived largely from historical records whose occurrence in New Jersey is possible, but the identity of the source voucher material should be examined and confirmed before the species is added to the checklist. In many cases, the names included in the latter two groups were reported by Britton (1889) or Wood (1914) and based on historical collections made by early New Jersey collectors such as C.F. Austin and J.B. Ellis. In an effort to elucidate how these historical reports corresponded to current taxonomic concepts we attempted to locate as many of the original source vouchers as was possible. When such specimens were located, they were examined as outlined in the proceeding section. Herbarium Study. – This study is largely based on material in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden (NY) and voucher data for all NY specimens examined can be accessed via the C.V. Virtual Herbarium at NY (http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/vh/). All specimens were initially studied dry using an Olympus SZ-STB dissecting microscope. Microscopic morphology and anatomy was then studied using an Olympus BX53 compound microscope and sections prepared by hand with a razor blade and mounted in water or iodine. Chemistry was studied using standard spot tests (K, C, KC, P, UV) following Brodo et al. (2001) and supplemented by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) using Solvent Systems A and C following Culberson and Kristinsson (1970) but as modified for the peanut butter jar by Lendemer (2011b). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Historically, botanical interest in New Jersey has focused on the Pine Barrens in the south and the Kittatinny Ridge near the Delaware Water Gap in the northwest (Brendel 1879, Britton 1899, Keller & Brown 1905, Stone 1911). Lichenology has generally followed this pattern as is evidenced by the number of collections per county (Figure 1), and by the foci of published studies (Harris 1985, Harris & Lendemer 2006, Forman 1998, Lendemer 2006, Little 1951, Niering 1953). Indeed, of the 9,836 New Jersey lichen collections indexed in the Consortium of North American Lichen Herbaria (CNALH 2018), nearly half (4,136, 42%) originated in the core Pine Barrens counties of Atlantic, Burlington, and Ocean, while 1,459 (15%) originated in the Kittatinny Mountains or Delaware Water Gap counties of Sussex and Warren. In contrast, Essex, Hudson, and Union counties, located across the Hudson River from New York City, are the least collected in the state (Figure 1). Although natural communities in these densely populated areas that include extensive urban and suburban areas may have been greatly impacted by human disturbance, recent studies in adjacent 4 BARTONIA Figure 1. Number of lichen collections per county included in the Consortium of North American Lichen Herbaria (CNALH, accessed 9 Jan. 2018), supplemented by additional collections from the NYBG Virtual Herbarium (accessed 9 Jan. 2018) for Mercer County. Staten Island in New York (Allen & Howe 2016) illustrate that lichens are almost certainly more frequent and diverse than the available data suggest. Our survey of the literature combined with study of herbarium materials, led to the recognition of a total of 479 taxa of lichens, lichenicolous and allied fungi from New Jersey. The herbarium specimens examined for this study included the entire New Jersey holdings NEW JERSEY LICHENS 5 at NY (4,931 specimens) and incorporated the results of extensive unpublished field studies carried out by ourselves in portions of central and southern New Jersey (Figure 2). The results of this survey are summarized in the form of a checklist in the proceeding section. Although beyond the scope of the present study, an important avenue for future research involves reexamination and verification of the historical collections from New Jersey made by I.M. Brodo (deposited at MSC), T.H. Nash (deposited at ASU) and J.W. Eckfeldt together with H.A. Green (deposited at PH). Based on the composition of the total checklist, fully more than half of the biota of lichens and allied fungi in New Jersey corresponds to taxa with crustose growth forms (55%, 256 taxa), while the bulk of the remaining percentage correspond to foliose (27%, 128 taxa), fruticose (4%, 20 taxa) and squamulose (4%, 18 taxa) growth forms. An additional 10% (47 taxa) of the lichens were classified as having a polymorphic growth form because they have dimorphic thalli comprised of a primary growth form and a secondary form. Taxa with polymorphic growth forms are exemplified by many members of the genus Cladonia that have a squamulose primary thallus and a fruticose secondary thallus (Brodo et al. 2001), or Baeomyces, Dibaeis and Pycnothelia all of which have crustose primary thalli and fruticose secondary thalli (Brodo et al. 2001). Although growth forms are typically used to classify lichens into generalized groups of macro- and micro- lichens, certain crustose species with conspicuous and superficially foliose thalli are often included in the former group (e.g., Hinds & Hinds 2008). As such, we also examined the proportion of taxa that would be classified as macro- or microlichens and found that those groups corresponded well to the Figure 2. Maps illustrating the spatial distribution of the georeferenced specimens examined for this study. Left: all georeferenced specimens examined for this study (n=4,931). Center: specimens collected by JCL for this study (n=1,463). Right: Specimens collected by DW for this study (n=891). 6 BARTONIA proportion of species with crustose thalli to those with other growth forms (45% or 213 macrolichen taxa and 55% or 262 microlichen taxa). Of the 475 taxa, 95% (451 taxa) were lichen-forming fungi, 3% (13 taxa) were lichenicolous fungi and 3% (11 taxa) were non-lichenized fungi often treated with lichens (e.g., Mycocaliciaceae). Meanwhile, of the lichenized taxa, the vast majority (83%, 371 taxa) are fungi that associate with green algal photobionts, while only 9% (41 taxa) associate with cyanobacteria and 7% (32 taxa) associate with the filamentous green algal genus Trentepohlia. Five additional taxa were classified as having a polymorphic nutrition mode because they primarily associate with green algae but also incorporate cyanobacteria into their thalli (i.e., members of Lobaria and Stereocaulon). From the perspective of reproductive mode, more than half (64%, 302 taxa) of the biota reproduces primarily through the production of sexual ascospores, while just over a third (35%, 165 taxa) reproduce primarily through the production of asexual lichenized propagules such as soredia and isidia. Only a small number of species (6 taxa, 1% of the total) reproduce primarily using mitotic non-lichenized propagules (i.e., conidia) and these belong to two groups: lichenicolous fungi with named anamorphic states (e.g., Hawksworth 1981), and members of the lichen genus Gyalideopsis that nearly always produce hyphophores but variably produce apothecia (e.g., Lendemer 2017, Lücking et al. 2007). In addition to the traits discussed above, we attempted to examine the frequency of lichen species in the study area. While we initially considered analyzing all available vouchers (e.g., the 9,836 in CNALH), we ultimately limited our study to two smaller datasets comprised of our own collections for two reasons. First, we had personally examined and verified the identifications of the vouchers, and as such, the nomenclature and taxonomy were more likely to be standardized and uniform in contrast to having been identified by many different individuals over centuries. Second, in both cases our field protocols involved floristic habitat sampling of spatially discrete sites wherein the goal was to inventory total lichen biodiversity (see Lendemer et al. 2016b), in contrast to opportunistic collecting of species. An examination of these two datasets revealed that in both cases, many species were found at only a single location (35% of 253 species for JCL, 45% of 164 species for DW), approximately half of the species were found at only one or two locations (50% for JCL, 57% for DW), and the vast majority of species were found at fewer than ten locations (83% for both JCL and DW) (Figure 3). The dataset compiled from Lendemer collections consisted of sites concentrated in southern New Jersey. The most frequently documented species in the region, with frequency defined as fifteen or more occurrences, were Cladonia grayi, C. ochrochlora, C. subtenuis, Flavoparmelia caperata, Lecanora layana, Lecanora thysanophora, Lepra pustulata, Lepraria caesiella, Lepraria finkii, Lepraria harrisiana, Nadvornikia sorediata, Parmelia squarrosa, Parmotrema hypotropum, Phaeophyscia rubropulchra, Punctelia caseana, Punctelia rudecta, and Pyrrhospora varians. While those seventeen species were approximately equally divided between macro- and microlichens (53% macro- vs. 47% micro-), they were strongly skewed toward asexual modes of reproduction that involve lichenized propagules (88% asexual lichenized vs. 12% sexual). The dataset compiled from Waters’ collections consisted of sites concentrated in central New Jersey. The most frequently documented species in that region, with frequency again defined as fifteen or more occurrences, were Amandinea polyspora, Candelaria concolor, Cladonia ochrochlora, Flavoparmelia caperata, Lecanora strobilina, Lepraria finkii, Myelochroa aurulenta, Parmotrema hypotropum, 7 Number of taxa NEW JERSEY LICHENS 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Lendemer collections n=1463 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 >20 Waters collections n=891 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Number of occurences Number of occurences Figure 3. Species frequencies in two New Jersey lichen biodiversity datasets, expressed as the number of occurrences (unique locations where a species was collected) per taxon. Data compiled from herbarium material at NY collected by JCL (n=1463) and DW (n=891). Physcia millegrana, Pyrrhospora varians, Pyxine subcinerea and Ropalospora viridis. As was the case for southern New Jersey lichens, those twelve species were approximately equally divided between macro- and microlichens (58% macro- vs. 42% micro-) as well as strongly skewed toward asexual reproduction via lichenized propagules (75% asexual lichenized vs. 25% sexual). Importantly, both sets of the most frequent species are comprised of taxa documented to be common and have broad geographic distributions in temperate eastern North America (e.g., Brodo et al. 2001; Hinds & Hinds 2007; Lendemer 2011, 2013). It is tempting to contrast the above results with a comparison of the rarest species, be it those encountered during our field studies, or those known only from historical occurrences. However, we have refrained from doing so here because at present a comprehensive modern baseline of lichens from throughout the state is lacking. While observational data may support hypotheses of large-scale declines in lichen abundance and diversity across the study area during the last century, such observations must be validated through direct comparison between modern and historical baselines. This would be an excellent area for future study given the wealth of historical records derived from a small number of locations distributed widely across the state (e.g., Closter and the Palisades in Bergen County inventoried by C.F. Austin; Atco in Camden County inventoried by H.A. Green and J.W. Eckfeldt; Newfield in Gloucester County inventoried by J.B. Ellis; Watchung in Somerset County inventoried by M.N. Moldenke; and High Point State Park in Sussex County inventoried by W.A. Niering). Nonetheless, while a comprehensive, comparable modern baseline is lacking, it is clear that many species that were collected historically have not been located in modern times and these often include species of cyanolichens or fruticose macrolichens that are sensitive to disturbance or pollution. Examples of such species include Coccocarpia erythroxyli, Heterodermia echinata, Leptogium corticola, Lobaria pulmonaria, Pannaria lurida subsp. russellii, Pseudevernia consocians, Usnea angulata, U. ceratina and Vahliella leucophaea. THE CHECKLIST The checklist below is arranged alphabetically by genus and species. Lichenicolous fungi are denoted with an asterisk (*) and non-lichenized species with a plus sign (+). Original literature reports are cited following each name. Nomenclature generally follows Esslinger 8 BARTONIA (2016) and deviations from that work reflect the taxonomic preferences of the authors. New state records not reported by Waters and Lendemer (in rev.) are listed in bold. *Abrothallus cladoniae R. Sant. & D. Hawks. – Lendemer (2006). Absconditella lignicola Vězda & Pisut – Lendemer (2004). Acarospora canadensis H. Magn. – Lendemer (2006, as A. glaucocarpa). Acarospora fuscata (Schrad.) Arnold – Wood (1914, as Lecanora fuscata), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Acarospora tuckerae K. Knudsen – Lendemer (2010). Acrocordia megalospora (Fink) R.C. Harris – Lendemer (2006). Agonimia opuntiella (Buschardt & Poelt) Vězda – Lendemer (2006). Ahtiana aurescens (Tuck.) A. Thell & Randlane – Britton (1889, as Cetraria aurescens), Wood (1914, as Platysma aurescens). Alyxoria varia (Pers.) Ertz & Tehler – Britton (1889, as Opegrapha varia). Amandinea milliaria (Tuck.) P. May & Sheard – Britton (1889, as Rinodina milliaria), Lendemer (2004), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Amandinea polyspora (Willey) E. Lay & P. May – Harris (1985, as Buellia polyspora), Lendemer (2004, 2006), Struwe et al. (2014), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Amandinea punctata (Hoffm.) Coppins & Scheid. – Britton (1889, as Buellia myriocarpa), Thomson (1935, as B. myriocarpa), Lendemer (2004). Anaptychia palmulata (Michx.) Vain. – Britton (1889, as Physcia aquila var. detonsa), Wood (1914, as Pseudophyscia aquila detonsa), Torrey (1933, as Physcia aquila detonsa), Hastings (1940, as A. aquila), Lendemer (2004, 2006), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Anisomeridium carinthiacum (J. Steiner) R.C. Harris – Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Anisomeridium leucochlorum (Müll. Arg.) R.C. Harris – Lendemer (2004), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Anisomeridium polypori (Ellis & Everh.) M.E. Barr – Harris (1985, as A. nyssaegenum), Lendemer (2004, 2006), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Anzia colpodes (Ach.) Stizenb. – Britton (1889, as Parmelia colpodes), Wood (1914), Lendemer (2006). Arthonia apatetica (A.Massal.) Th.Fr. – Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). *Arthonia digitatae Hafellner – Knudsen & Lendemer (2007). *Arthonia epiphyscia Nyl. – Lendemer (2008). Arthonia helvola (Nyl.) Nyl. – Specimen examined: Sussex Co., Stokes State Forest, Sunrise Mountain summit, 29 Mar. 2008, on Quercus, J.C. Lendemer et al. 11572 (NY). Arthonia impallens Nyl. – Nylander (1885). Arthonia pyrrhuliza Nyl. – Specimen examined: Without locality, C.F. Austin 619 (NY). Arthonia quintaria Nyl. – Nylander (1885). Arthonia ruana A. Massal. – Specimen examined: Passaic Co., Little Falls, 15 Aug. 1895, A. Schneider s.n. (NY). Arthonia susa R.C. Harris & Lendemer – Lendemer et al. (2013). Arthothelium spectabile (Flot.) A. Massal. – Britton (1889, as Arthonia spectabilis). Aspicilia caesiocinerea (Malbr.) Arnold – Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Aspicilia cinerea (L.) Körb. – Britton (1889, as Lecanora cinerea), Moldenke (1934a, 1935, as L. cinerea), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Aspicilia laevata (Ach.) Arnold – Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). NEW JERSEY LICHENS 9 Bacidia coprodes (Körb.) Lettau – Britton (1889, as Lecidea granosa), Lendemer (2006), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Bacidia phyllopsoropsis R.C. Harris & Lendemer – Harris & Lendemer (2006). Bacidia polychroa (Th.Fr.) Körb. – Ekman (1996). Bacidia rubella (Hoffm.) A. Massal. – Britton (1889, as Biatora rubella), Wood (1914, as Biatora rubella). Note that the historical reports almost all refer to multiple species with pruinose apothecia, however at least one of the original vouchers collected by Austin (NY-1079339) belongs to B. rubella in its current sense (Ekman 1996). Bacidia schweinitzii (Fr. ex Tuck.) A. Schneid. – Harris (1985), Ekman (1996), Lendemer (2004, 2006), Lendemer et al. (2016a), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Bacidia sorediata Lendemer & R.C. Harris – Lendemer et al. (2016a), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Bacidia suffusa (Fr.) A. Schneid. – Britton (1889), Ekman (1996). Bacidina delicata (Leight.) V. Wirth & Vězda – Specimens examined: Burlington Co., Wharton State Forest, Sweetwater, 18 Apr. 2005, on Quercus, J.C. Lendemer 3904 (NY). Salem Co., Parvin State Park, vicinity of Muddy Run, 26 Dec. 2008, on old wood plank, J.C. Lendemer et al. 15031 (NY). Bacidina egenula (Nyl.) Vězda – Lendemer (2004, 2006). Baeomyces rufus (Hudson) Rebent. – Britton (1889, as B. byssoides). Biatora longispora (Degel.) Lendemer & Printzen – Printzen & Tønsberg (2004), Lendemer (2004, 2006), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Biatora pontica Printzen & Tønsberg – Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Biatora printzenii Tønsberg – Lendemer (2006), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Biatora pycnidiata Printzen & Tønsberg – Printzen & Tønsberg (2004), Harris & Lendemer (2006). Biatora vernalis (L.) Fr. – Britton (1889), Moldenke (1935, as Lecidea vernalis). Biatorella hemisphaerica Anzi – Britton (1889, as Biatora fossarum). Bilimbia sabuletorum (Schreb.) Arnold – Britton (1889, as Biatora hypnophila). Botryolepraria lesdainii (Hue) Canals et al. – Lendemer (2008). Brigantiaea leucoxantha (Spreng.) R.Sant. & Hafellner – Specimen examined: Cape May Co., Cape May Point, 1935, R.H. Torrey s.n. (NY). Bryoria furcellata (Fr.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. – Britton (1889, as Alectoria jubata, A. jubata var. chalybeiformis). Bryoria trichodes (Michx.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. subsp. trichodes – Britton (1889, as Alectoria jubata var. implexa). Buellia curtisii (Tuck.) Imshaug – Harris (1985), Lendemer (2004, 2006), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Buellia dialyta (Nyl.) Tuck. – Britton (1889). Buellia spuria (Schaer.) Anzi – Britton (1889). Buellia stillingiana J. Steiner – Harris (1985), Lendemer (2006), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Buellia vernicoma (Tuck.) Tuck. – Britton (1889), Harris (1985), Lendemer (2004). Calicium abietinum Pers. – Britton (1889, as C. curtum), Lendemer (2004). Calicium adspersum Pers. – Britton (1889, as C. rosoidum), Wood (1914, as C. rosoidum). Calicium lenticulare Ach. – Harris (1985, as C. subquercinum). Caloplaca camptidia (Tuck.) Zahlbr. – Britton (1889, as Placodium camptidium), Harris (1985). 10 BARTONIA Caloplaca cerina (Hedw.) Th. Fr. – Britton (1889, as Placodium cerinum). Caloplaca feracissima H. Magn. – Lendemer (2004, 2006). Caloplaca flavocitrina (Nyl.) H.Olivier – Lendemer (2004, 2006; as C. citrina), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Caloplaca flavovirescens (Wulfen) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. – Moldenke (1935), Lendemer (2004, 2006), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Caloplaca microphyllina (Tuck.) Hasse – Britton (1889, as Placodium microphyllinum). Caloplaca sideritis (Tuck.) Zahlbr. – Moldenke (1935), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Caloplaca subsoluta (Nyl.) Zahlbr. – Wetmore (2003), Lendemer (2004, 2006), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Candelaria concolor (Dicks.) Stein – Britton (1889, as Teloschistes concolor), Wood (1914), Torrey (1933), Moldenke (1935), Lendemer (2004, 2006), Struwe et al. (2014), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Candelariella aurella (Hoffm.) Zahlbr. – Specimens examined: Burlington Co., Lebanon State Forest, int. of Savoy Blvd. & NJ72, 9 Sept. 2006, on concrete, J.C. Lendemer et al. 7550 (NY). Cumberland Co., Bivalve, 26 May 2007, on old logs, J.C. Lendemer 9089 & A. Moroz (NY). Monmouth Co., Allaire State Park, S corner between Squankum Rd. & Hospital Rd., 5 Feb. 2009, on concrete, J.C. Lendemer 15429A (NY); Sandy Hook National Recreation Area, 6 May 1984, on cement, R.C. Harris 18013 (NY). Candelariella efflorescens Buck & R.C. Harris – Harris (1985), Lendemer (2006), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Candelariella vitellina (Hoffm.) Müll. Arg. – Britton (1889, as Placodium vittellinum), Torrey (1933), Moldenke (1934a, 1935). Candelariella xanthostigma (Ach.) Lettau – Harris (1985). Candelariella xanthostigmoides (Müll. Arg.) R.W. Rogers – Lendemer (2004, 2006 as C. reflexa), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Canoparmelia caroliniana (Nyl.) Elix & Hale – Cumberland Co., Bear Swamp West, 0.2 mi E of N-S trail at point ~0.4 mi SE of Ackley Rd./CR718, 17 Feb. 2012, on Magnolia, B.P. Hodkinson et al. 18035 (NY). Carbonicola anthracophila (Nyl.) Bendiksby & Timdal – Britton (1889, as Biatora anthracophila), Lendemer (2004, 2006, as Hypocenomyce anthracophila). Catillaria nigroclavata (Nyl.) Schuler – Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Catinaria atropurpurea (Schrad.) Poelt & Vězda – Lendemer (2004, 2006). Catinaria neuschildii (Körb.) P. James – Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Cetraria arenaria Kärnefelt – Specimens examined: Burlington Co., Warren Grove Target Area, N of Warren Grove Rd., 5 Sept. 2004, on sand, J.C. Lendemer et al. 2902 (NY); Brendan Byrne State Forest, S of Norelmon Rd. 0.2 mi SW of jct w/ Coopers Rd., 7 Jul. 2015, on sand, J.C. Lendemer et al. 45875 (NY); Wharton State Forest, Quaker Bridge, 10 Sept. 1986, M. Peidl 5104 (NY). Sussex Co., High Point State Park, 12 Sept. 1992, W.R. Buck 21548 (NY); Flatbrookville, 1937, G.G. Nearing s.n. (NY). Warren Co., Delaware Water Gap, Oct. 1867, C.F. Austin 445 (NY). Cetrelia chicitae (W.L. Culb.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. – Specimens examined: Passaic Co., Ringwood, back of the Cannon Mine, Nov. 1935, G.P. Anderson s.n. (NY); Terrace Pond, 1947, collector unknown (NY). Sussex Co., Wawayanda, Nov. 1931, G.P. Anderson s.n. (NY). Cetrelia olivetorum (Nyl.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. – Specimens examined: Without specific locality, C.F. Austin 240 (NY). Bergen Co., Palisades, 1869, C.F. Austin s.n. NEW JERSEY LICHENS 11 (NY). Passaic Co., Little Falls, C.F. Austin s.n. (NY). Sussex Co., Wawayanda, Nov. 1936, G.P. Anderson s.n. (NY). Chaenotheca hygrophila Tibell – Lendemer (2006). Chaenotheca phaeocephala (Turner) Th. Fr. – Britton (1889, as Calicium phaeocephalum). Chaenotheca xyloxena Nádv. – Harris (1985). Chaenothecopsis debilis (Turner & Borrer ex Sm.) Tibell – Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Chaenothecopsis savonica (Räsänen) Tibell – Lendemer (2004, 2006). Chrysothrix caesia (Flot.) Ertz & Tehler – Britton (1889, as Arthonia lecideella), Lendemer (2004, as Arthonia caesia), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Chrysothrix chamaecyparicola Lendemer – Lendemer (2006, as C. flavovirens), Lendemer & Elix (2010). Cladonia apodocarpa Robbins – Evans (1935, 1938, 1940), Moldenke (1935), Forman (1998), Olsson (1998), Lendemer & Hodkinson (2009). Cladonia arbuscula (Wallr.) Flot. – Lendemer (2004, 2006). Cladonia atlantica A. Evans – Bard (1952), Harris (1985), Forman (1998), Olsson (1998), Lendemer (2004, 2006, 2009), Howe (2016). Cladonia beaumontii (Tuck.) Vain. – Lendemer (2006). Cladonia boryi Tuck. – Evans (1935, 1938). Cladonia brevis (Sandst.) Sandst. – Evans (1938), Lendemer (2006). Cladonia caespiticia (Pers.) Flörke – Britton (1889), Torrey (1933a), Evans (1935, 1938, 1940), Hastings (1940), Moldenke (1940), Harris (1985), Lendemer (2004, 2006), Lendemer & Hodkinson (2009), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Cladonia cariosa (Ach.) Spreng. – Britton (1889). Cladonia chlorophaea (Flörke) Spreng. – Torrey (1933), Moldenke (1934a, 1935), Evans (1935, 1938, 1940), Thomson (1935), Hastings (1940), Little (1951), Bard (1952), Forman (1998), Struwe et al. (2014), Howe (2016), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Cladonia coniocraea (Flörke) Spreng. – This species was reported by Lendemer (2004, 2006), however all of the specimens originally assigned to it from New Jersey have been referred to C. ochrochlora with the exception of Lendemer 3208 (NY) from Burlington County. As has been summarized by Fontaine et al. (2010), the delimitation of C. coniocraea and C. ochrochlora requires further study. Nonetheless we retain C. coniocraea for specimens with diminutive squamules and slender podetia that lack a basal cortical collar. Cladonia conista (Nyl.) Robbins – Moldenke (1935, 1940), Evans (1938, 1940), Lendemer (2006). Cladonia cristatella Tuck. – Britton (1889), Torrey (1933), Moldenke (1934, 1935, 1940), Evans (1935, 1938, 1940), Thomson (1935), Rapp & Rapp (1946), Little (1951), Bard (1952), Harris (1985), Forman (1998), Olsson (1998), Kiviat & MacDonald (2002), Lendemer (2004, 2006), Struwe et al. (2014), Howe (2016), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Cladonia cryptochlorophaea Asah. – Lendemer (2006), Howe (2016), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Cladonia cylindrica (A. Evans) A. Evans – Evans (1935, 1938, 1940, as C. borbonica), Moldenke (1935, as C. borbonica), Lendemer (2006), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Cladonia didyma (Fée) Vain. – Evans (1935, 1938), Evans (1940, as C. vulcanica), Moldenke (1940, as C. vulcanica), Little (1951), Lendemer (2006), Howe (2016), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Cladonia dimorphoclada Robbins – Evans (1938, as C. caroliniana f. dimorphoclada), Harris (1985), Lendemer (2004, 2006), Howe (2016), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). 12 BARTONIA Cladonia floerkeana (Fr.) Flörke – Evans (1935, 1940), Lendemer (2004, 2006), Howe (2016). Cladonia floridana Vain. – Evans (1935, 1938, 1940), Torrey (1936), Forman (1998), Olsson (1998), Lendemer (2004, 2006). Cladonia furcata (Huds.) Schrad. – Britton (1889), Wood (1914), Torrey (1933), Evans (1935, 1938, 1940), Moldenke (1935, 1940), Thomson (1935), Hastings (1940), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Cladonia grayi G. Merr. ex Sandst. – Evans (1935, 1938, 1940), Moldenke (1938, 1939, 1940), Rapp & Rapp (1946), Harris (1985), Forman (1998), Olsson (1998), Lendemer (2004, 2006), Howe (2016), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Cladonia incrassata Flörke – Torrey (1933, 1933a), Evans (1935, 1938, 1940), Moldenke (1940), Little (1951), Culberson et al. (1982), Harris (1985), Forman (1998), Olsson (1998), Lendemer (2004, 2006), Howe (2016), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Cladonia leporina Fr. – Britton (1889), Torrey (1936), Evans (1938). Cladonia macilenta Hoffm. – Britton (1889), Wood (1914), Evans (1935, 1938, 1940), Hastings (1940), Bard (1952), Lendemer (2004, 2006), Howe (2016), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Cladonia macilenta var. bacillaris (Ach.) Schaer. – Evans (1935, 1938, 1940, as C. bacillaris), Thomson (1935, as C. bacillaris), Moldenke (1935, as C. bacillaris), Little (1951, as C. bacillaris), Harris (1985, as C. bacillaris), Forman (1998, as C. bacillaris), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Cladonia mateocyatha Robbins – Evans (1938, 1940), Bard (1952). Cladonia ochrochlora Flörke – Torrey (1933, as C. coniocraea), Evans (1935, 1940), Evans (1935, 1938, 1940, as C. coniocraea), Moldenke (1935, 1940, as C. coniocraea), Little (1951, as C. coniocraea), Bard (1952, as C. coniocraea). Harris (1985), Forman (1998, as C. coniocraea), Olsson (1998, as C. coniocraea), Lendemer (2004, 2006), Lendemer (2004, 2006, as C. coniocraea), Struwe et al. (2014, as C. coniocraea), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Cladonia parasitica (Hoffm.) Hoffm. – Britton (1889, as C. delicata), Evans (1935, 1938, 1940, as C. delicata), Hastings (1940, as C. delicata), Moldenke (1940, as C. delicata), Lendemer (2004, 2006), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Cladonia petrophila R.C. Harris – Lendemer & Hodkinson (2009), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Cladonia peziziformis (With.) J.R. Laundon – Britton (1889, as C. mitrula), Wood (1914, as C. mitrula), Torrey (1933, as C. mitrula), Moldenke (1934a, 1935, as C. mitrula), Evans (1935, 1938, 1940, as C. mitrula), Hastings (1940, as C. mitrula), Bard (1952, as C. capitata), Lendemer (2006), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Cladonia piedmontensis G. Merr. – Evans (1935, 1940), Moldenke (1940), Nearing (1940a). Cladonia pleurota (Flörke) Schaer. – Evans (1935, 1938, 1940), Moldenke (1935), Little (1951), Harris (1985), Lendemer (2004), Lendemer (2006, as C. diversa), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Cladonia polycarpoides Nyl. – Kiviat & MacDonald (2002), Lendemer (2004), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Cladonia pyxidata (L.) Hoffm. – Britton (1889), Evans (1935, 1938, 1940), Dix (1942), Rosentreter & Belnap (2001). Cladonia ramulosa (With.) J.R. Laundon – Evans (1935, 1940, as C. pityrea), Moldenke (1940, as C. pityrea), Lendemer (2004, 2006), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). NEW JERSEY LICHENS 13 Cladonia rangiferina (L.) F. H. Wigg. – Britton (1889), Evans (1935, 1938, 1940), Thomson (1935), Torrey (1937), Niering (1953), Moul & Buell (1955), Glenn et al. (1991), Lendemer (2006), Howe (2016). Cladonia rappii A. Evans – Evans (1935, 1938, 1940, as C. calycantha), Little (1951, as C. calycantha), Forman (1998, as C. calycantha), Lendemer (2004, 2006), Howe (2016), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Cladonia ravenelii Tuck. – Evans (1935, 1940), Lendemer (2006). Cladonia rei Schaer. – Evans (1935, 1938, 1940, as C. nemoxyna), Culberson et al. (1985), Lendemer (2006), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Cladonia santensis Tuck. – Evans (1935, 1938, 1940), Torrey (1936), Little (1951), Harris (1985), Forman (1998), Olsson (1998), Lendemer (2006). Cladonia sobolescens Nyl. – Harris (1985), Lendemer (2006). Cladonia squamosa (Scop.) Hoffm. – Britton (1889), Moldenke (1934a, 1935, 1939, 1940), Evans (1935, 1938, 1940), Hastings (1940), Dix (1942), Little (1951), Harris (1985), Forman (1998), Olsson (1998). Cladonia strepsilis (Ach.) Grognot – Evans (1935,1938, 1940), Moldenke (1939), Harris (1985), Olsson (1998), Lendemer (2006). Cladonia submitis A. Evans – Forman (1998), Lendemer (2004, 2006), Howe (2016). Cladonia subtenuis (Abbayes) Mattick – Harris (1985), Forman (1998), Olsson (1998), Sedia & Ehrenfeld (2003, 2005, 2006), Lendemer (2004, 2006), Howe (2016), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Cladonia uncialis (L.) F.H. Wigg. – Britton (1889), Wood (1914), Evans (1935, 1938, 1940), Moldenke (1935), Torrey (1937), Niering (1953), Moul & Buell (1955), Harris (1985), Forman (1998), Rosentreter & Belnap (2001), Sedia & Ehrenfeld (2003, 2005, 2006), Lendemer (2004, 2006), Howe (2016). Cladonia verticillata (Hoffm.) Schaer. – Britton (1889, as C. gracilis “var. verticillata”), Evans (1935, 1938, 1940), Thomson (1935), Moldenke (1940), Hastings (1940), Harris (1985). *Clypeococcum hypocenomycis D. Hawks. – Lendemer (2006). Coccocarpia erythroxyli (Spreng.) Swinscow & Krog – Specimen examined: Gloucester Co., Newfield, without date, J.B. Ellis 106 (NY). Coccocarpia palmicola (Spreng.) Arv. & D.J. Galloway – Britton (1889, as Pannaria molybdaea var. cronia). Coenogonium pineti (Ach.) Lücking & Lumbsch – Britton (1889, as Gyalecta pineti), Lendemer (2006), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Collema flaccidum (Ach.) Ach. – Britton (1889), Moldenke (1935, as C. rupestre), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Collema leptaleum Tuck. – Britton (1889). Collema nigrescens (Huds.) DC. – Britton (1889). Collema pustulatum Ach. – Specimen examined: Warren Co., Delaware Water Gap, 1867, C.F. Austin 451 (NY). Collema ryssoleum Tuck. – Britton (1889), Wood (1914). Collema subflaccidum Degel. – Lendemer (2006). Collemopsidium halodytes (Nyl.) Grube & B.D. Ryan – Taylor (1982, as Arthopyrenia halodytes). *Cornutispora ciliata Kalb – Specimen examined: Burlington Co., Wharton State Forest, margins of Hampton Rd. ~2 mi NE of Atsion, 4 Jan. 2004, on Cladonia pleurota on sandy soil, J.C. Lendemer 1759 & M.J. Moody (NY). 14 BARTONIA Crespoa crozalsiana (B.de Lesd. ex Harm.) Lendemer & Hodkinson – Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Crocodia aurata (Ach.) Link – Britton (1889, as Sticta aurata), Wood (1914, as S. aurata). Cyphelium tigillare (Ach.) Ach. – Britton (1889, as Acolium tigillare). Dermatocarpon arenosaxi Amtoft – Amtoft et al. (2008). Dermatocarpon luridum (With.) J. R. Laundon – Amtoft et al. (2008), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Dermatocarpon muhlenbergii (Ach.) Müll. Arg. – Specimen examined: Sussex Co., Springdale, 25 Jul. 1948, collector unknown (NY). Dibaeis baeomyces (L.) Rambold & Hertel – Britton (1889, as Baeomyces roseus), Moldenke (1934, as B. roseus), Hastings (1940, as B. roseus), Lendemer (2004). Dimelaena oreina (Ach.) Norman – Hastings (1940, as Rinodina oreina), Niering (1953, as R. oreina). Diploschistes muscorum (Scop.) R. Sant. – Lendemer (2004, 2006), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Diploschistes scruposus (Schreb.) Norman – Britton (1889, as Urceolaria scruposa). Enchylium conglomeratum (Hoffm.) Otálora, P.M. Jørg. & Wedin – Britton (1889, as Collema cyrtaspis and C. pycnocarpum), Wood (1914, as C. pycnocarpum). Enchylium tenax (Sw.) Gray – Britton (1889, as Collema tenax). Endocarpon pallidulum (Nyl.) Nyl. – Lendemer (2007). Endocarpon petrolepideum (Nyl.) Nyl. – Lendemer (2004, as E. pusillum; 2007). *Endococcus propinquus (Körb.) D. Hawksw. – Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Ephebe hispidula (Ach.) Horw. – Specimens examined: Bergen Co., Closter, without date, C.F. Austin s.n. (NY), Jun. 1869, C.F. Austin 7 (NY); Palisades, C.F. Austin s.n. (NY). Camden Co., without specific location, 20 Jan. 1874, C.F. Austin s.n. (NY). Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach. – Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Fellhanera fallax R.C. Harris & Lendemer – Harris & Lendemer (2009), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Fellhanera minnisinkorum R.C. Harris & Lendemer – Harris & Lendemer (2009). Fellhanera silicis R.C. Harris & Ladd – Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Fissurina insidiosa C. Knight & Mitten – Specimen examined: Cumberland Co., Bear Swamp West, ~2 mi NE of Newport, 26 Apr. 2003, on Magnolia, J.C. Lendemer et al. 811 (NY). Flavoparmelia baltimorensis (Gyeln. & Fóriss) Hale – Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale – Britton (1889, as Parmelia caperata), Wood (1914, as P. caperata), Moldenke (1934a, 1935, as P. caperata), Thomson (1935, as P. caperata), Hastings (1940, as P. caperata), Glenn et al. (1991, as P. caperata), Forman (1998, as P. caperata), Lendemer (2004, 2006), Orsi & Glenn (2009, as P. caperata), Struwe et al. (2014), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Fuscidea arboricola Coppins & Tønsberg – Lendemer (2006). Fuscidea arcuatula (Arnold) V. Wirth & Vězda – Lendemer (2008). Fuscopannaria leucosticta (Tuck.) P. M. Jørg. – Britton (1889, as Pannaria leucosticta), Wood (1914, as P. leucosticta). NEW JERSEY LICHENS 15 Graphis scripta (L.) Ach. – Britton (1889), Wood (1914), Thomson (1935), Hastings (1940), Lendemer (2004), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Gyalideopsis bartramiorum Lendemer - Lücking et al. (2007, as G. subaequatorianum), Lendemer (2017). Gyalideopsis buckii Lücking, Sérus. & Vězda – Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Gyalideopsis moodyae Lendemer & Lücking – Lendemer (2004), Lendemer & Lucking (2004), Lucking et al. (2007). Halecania pepegospora (H. Magn.) Van den Boom – Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Hertelidea pseudobotryosa R.C. Harris Ladd & Printzen – Lendemer (2004, 2006). Heterodermia echinata (Taylor) W.L. Culb. – Specimen examined: County unspecified, Pine Barrens, C.F. Austin s.n. (NY, likely source of the original report of Physcia comosa by Britton (1889)). Heterodermia granulifera (Ach.) W.L. Culb. – Lendemer (2006). Heterodermia hypoleuca (Muhl.) Trevis. – Britton (1889, as Physcia hypoleuca), Wood (1914, as Pseudophyscia hypoleuca), Torrey (1933, as Physcia hypoleuca), Harris (1985), Lendemer (2006). Heterodermia obscurata (Nyl.) Trevis. – Harris (1985), Lendemer (2004, 2006), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Heterodermia speciosa (Wulfen) Trevis. – Britton (1889, as Physcia speciosa), Wood (1914, as Pseudophyscia speciosa), Torrey (1933, as Physcia speciosa), Moldenke (1935, as Anaptychia speciosa), Hastings (1940, as A. speciosa), Lendemer (2004, 2006), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Hyperphyscia adglutinata (Flörke) H. Mayrhofer & Poelt – Britton (1889, as Physcia adglutinata). Hypocenomyce scalaris (Ach. ex Lilj.) M. Choisy – Lendemer (2004, 2006). Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. – Britton (1889, as Parmelia physodes), Torrey (1933a, as P. physodes), Thomson (1935, as P. physodes), Hastings (1940, as P. physodes), Lendemer (2004, 2006). Hypotrachyna horrescens (Taylor) Krog & Swinscow – Lendemer (2004, as Parmelinopsis horrescens), Lendemer (2006), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Hypotrachyna livida (Taylor) Hale – Harris (1985), Lendemer (2004, 2006). Hypotrachyna minarum (Vain.) Krog & Swinscow – Lendemer (2004, as Parmelinopsis minarum), Lendemer (2006), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Hypotrachyna osseoalba (Vain.) Park & Hale – Lendemer (2004, 2006). Hypotrachyna showmanii Hale – Lendemer (2006), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Icmadophila ericetorum (L.) Zahlbr. – Britton (1889, as Baeomyces aeruginosus), Wood (1914, as B. aeruginosus and I. ericetorum). Imshaugia aleurites (Ach.) S.F. Meyer – Britton (1889, as Cetraria aleurites), Moldenke (1935, as Parmeliopsis aleurites), Little (1951, as C. aleurites), Harris (1985, as P. aleurites), Lendemer (2004, 2006). Imshaugia placorodia (Ach.) S.F. Meyer – Britton (1889, as Cetraria aleurites var. placorodia), Wood (1914, as Parmeliopsis placorodia), Little (1951, as C. placorodia), Lendemer (2004, 2006). Ionaspis alba Lutzoni – Lutzoni (1994), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Ionaspis lacustris (With.) Lutzoni – Britton (1889, as Lecanora lacustris), Moldenke (1934a, 1935, as L. lacustris). 16 BARTONIA Japewiella dollypartoniana J.L. Allen & Lendemer – Allen & Lendemer (2015). +Julella fallaciosa (Arn.) R.C. Harris – Lendemer (2006), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Lasallia papulosa (Ach.) Llano – Britton (1889, as Umbilicaria pustulata), Wood (1914, as U. pustulata), Niering (1953). Lasallia pensylvanica (Hoffm.) Llano – Britton (1889, as Umbilicaria pennsylvanica), Niering (1953). Lathagrium fuscovirens (With.) Otálora, P.M. Jørg. & Wedin – Britton (1889, as Collema furvum). Lecania croatica (Zahlbr.) Kotlov – Harris & Lendemer (2010), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Lecania naegelii (Hepp) Diederich & van den Boom – Specimen examined: Bergen Co., Palisades, Apr. 1975, C.F. Austin 601 (NY). Lecanora appalachensis Lendemer & R.C. Harris – Lendemer et al. (2013), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Lecanora argentata (Ach.) Malme – Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Lecanora cupressi Tuck. – Britton (1889), Lendemer (2006). Lecanora hybocarpa (Tuck.) Brodo – Harris (1985), Lendemer (2004, 2006), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Lecanora imshaugii Brodo – Specimens examined: Atlantic Co., along N bank of Tuckahoe River and below Aetna-Head of River Rd., 9 Sept. 2006, on Quercus, J.C. Lendemer et al. 7607 (NY). Bergen Co., Closter, C.F. Austin s.n. (NY), C.F. Austin 246 (NY), C.F. Austin 129 (NY). Cumberland Co., Peaslee Wildlife Management Area, ~1.5 mi N of jct NJ49 & CR671/Union Rd., 2 Feb. 2009, on Quercus, J.C. Lendemer 15056 (NY); Belleplain State Forest, ~2 mi W of jct NJ347 & CR550/Hoffman Mill Rd., 3 Feb. 2009, on Carya, J.C. Lendemer 15245 (NY). Lecanora layana Lendemer – Lendemer (2015a), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Lecanora minutella Nyl. – LaGreca & Lumbsch (2001), Lendemer (2004, 2006). Lecanora nothocaesiella R.C. Harris & Lendemer – Lendemer et al. (2013), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Lecanora oreinoides (Körber) Hertel & Rambold – Britton (1889, as Lecidea tessellina). Lecanora rugosella Zahlbr. – Lendemer (2004). Lecanora strobilina (Spreng.) Kieff. – Lendemer (2004, 2006), Struwe et al. (2014), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Lecanora subpallens Zahlbr. – Harris (1985, as L. caesiorubella subsp. prolifera), Lendemer (2004, 2006), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Lecanora symmicta (Ach.) Ach. – Lendemer (2004). Lecanora thysanophora R.C. Harris – Harris (1985), Harris et al. (2000), Lendemer (2004, 2006), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Lecanora willeyi Tuck. – Britton (1889). Lecanora xylophila Hue – Lendemer (2008). Lecidea cyrtidia Tuck. – Britton (1889), Moldenke (1934a, 1935), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Lecidea erythrophaea Sommerf. – Specimen examined: Bergen Co., Closter, C.F. Austin 573 (NY). Lecidea nylanderi (Anzi) Th. Fr. – Lendemer (2006). Lecidea plebeja Nyl. – Lendemer (2004, 2006). NEW JERSEY LICHENS 17 Lecidea tessellata Flörke – Britton (1889). Lecidella enteroleucella (Nyl.) Hertel – Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Leimonis erratica (Körb.) R.C. Harris & Lendemer – Harris (1985, as Lecidea erratica), Lendemer (2004, 2006, as Micarea erratica), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Lempholemma polyanthes (Schrad.) Malme – Britton (1889, as Collema myriococcum). Lepra amara (Ach.) Hafellner – Lendemer (2004, 2006, as Pertusaria amara). Lepra multipunctoides (Dibben) Lendemer & R.C. Harris – Harris (1985, as Pertusaria multipunctoides), Lendemer (2004, as P. multipunctoides). Lepra ophthalmiza (Nyl.) Hafellner – Lendemer (2006, as Pertusaria ophthalmiza). Lepra pustulata (Brodo & W.L. Culb.) Lendemer & R.C. Harris – Lendemer (2004, 2006, as Loxospora pustulata), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Lepraria caesiella R.C. Harris – Lendemer (2006), Lendemer (2013), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Lepraria cryophila Lendemer – Lendemer (2013). Lepraria elobata Tønsberg – Lendemer (2006), Lendemer (2013). Lepraria finkii (B. de Lesd.) R.C. Harris – Harris (1985), Lendemer (2004, as Lepraria lobificans), Lendemer (2006), Lendemer (2013), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Lepraria harrisiana Lendemer – Lendemer (2013), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Lepraria hodkinsoniana Lendemer – Lendemer (2004, as L. incana; 2006, as L. aff. incana), Lendemer (2013), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Lepraria neglecta (Nyl.) Erichsen – Niering (1953, as Crocynia neglecta), Lendemer (2013), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Lepraria normandinoides Lendemer & R.C. Harris race protocetraric acid chemotype – Lendemer (2013), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Lepraria oxybapha Lendemer – Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Lepraria vouauxii (Hue) R.C. Harris – Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Leprocaulon adhaerens (K. Knudsen, Elix & Lendemer) Lendemer & Hodkinson – Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Leptogium apalachense (Tuck.) Nyl. – Sierk (1964). Leptogium azureum (Sw.) Mont. – Sierk (1964). Leptogium byssinum (Hoffm.) Nyl. – Britton (1889, as Pannaria byssina), Sierk (1964), Wood (1914, as P. byssina). Leptogium chloromelum (Ach.) Nyl. – Britton (1889), Wood (1914). Leptogium corticola Taylor – Specimens examined: Bergen Co., Closter, [C.F. Austin] 90 (NY); Closter, Palisades, C.F. Austin s.n. (NY). Camden Co., without locality, C.F. Austin 26 (NY), C.F. Austin s.n. (NY). Sussex Co., Andover, 5 Sept. 1938, G.P. Anderson s.n. (NY). Leptogium cyanescens (Rabenh.) Körb. – Britton (1889, as L. tremelloides), Lendemer (2004, 2006), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Leptogium dactylinum Tuck. – Britton (1889), Wood (1914), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Leptogium millegranum Sierk – Sierk (1964). +Leptorhaphis epidermidis (Ach.) Fr. – Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Lichina confinis (O.F. Müller) C. Agardh – Britton (1889). Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. – Britton (1889, as Sticta pulmonaria), Wood (1914, as S. pulmonaria). Lobaria quercizans Michx. – Britton (1889, as Sticta quercizans, as S. amplissima), Wood (1914, as S. quercizans, as S. amplissima), Lendemer (2004, 2006). 18 BARTONIA Maronea polyphaea H. Magn. – Britton (1889, as Rinodina constans). Specimens examined: County unknown, without locality, C.F. Austin 205 (NY), C.F. Austin Lich. Nov.Caes. 113 (NY). Bergen Co., Closter, 9 Nov. 1864, C.F. Austin 217 (NY), without date, C.F. Austin s.n. (NY). Megalospora porphyritis (Tuck.) R.C. Harris – Specimen examined: Ocean Co., Manahawkin Wildlife Management Area, 2 Dec. 2009, on Quercus, J.C. Lendemer 20072 (NY). Melanelia culbersonii (Hale) A. Thell – Specimens examined: Sussex Co., Stokes State Forest, Sunrise Mountain, May 1940, J.W. Thomson s.n. (NY, original basis of report of Parmelia stygia by Thomson (1943)). Warren Co., Delaware Water Gap, Oct. 1867, C.F. Austin 436 (NY, original basis of report of Cetraria fahluensis by Britton (1889)). Melanelixia subaurifera (Nyl.) Blanco et al. – Lendemer (2004, as Melanelia subaurifera), Lendemer (2006), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Menegazzia terebrata (Hoffm.) A. Massal. – Britton (1889, as Parmelia pertusa), Wood (1914, as P. pertusa). Micarea chlorosticta (Tuck.) R.C. Harris – Britton (1889, as Biatora chlorosticta), Little (1951, as Bacidia chlorosticta), Lendemer (2004). Micarea denigrata (Fr.) Hedl. – Britton (1889, as Biatora eynathea/B. denigrata). Micarea globulosella (Nyl.) Coppins – Lendemer (2006). Micarea melaena (Nyl.) Hedl. – Lendemer (2004, 2006). Micarea micrococca (Körb.) Gams ex Coppins – Barton & Lendemer (2014). Micarea neostipitata Coppins & P. May – Coppins & May (2001). Micarea peliocarpa (Anzi) Coppins & R. Sant. – Lendemer (2006). Micarea perparvula (Nyl.) Coppins & Printzen – Coppins (2008). Micarea prasina Fr. – Lendemer (2004, 2006), Barton & Lendemer (2014), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). *Minutoexcipula mariana V. Atienza – Lendemer (2004, as Lichenodiplis mariana). Multiclavula mucida (Fr.) R.H. Petersen – Specimen examined: Atlantic Co., Tuckahoe Wildlife Management Area, gravel road 0.05 mi E of jct w/ Griscom Mill Rd., 2 Dec. 2009, on humus, J.C. Lendemer 20023A (NY). Multiclavula vernalis (Schwein.) R.H. Petersen – Nelsen (2006). Mycobilimbia berengeriana (A. Massal.) Hafellner & V. Wirth – Lendemer (2004, as Lecidea berengeriana), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Mycoblastus caesius (Coppins & P. James) Tønsberg – Specimen examined: Burlington Co., Wharton State Forest, Batsto Natural Area, E of Atsion, ~0.5 mi N of Quaker Bridge, 23 Jun. 2003, on fallen branches, J.C. Lendemer 971 & L.H. Smith II (NY). +Mycocalicium fuscipes (Tuck.) Fink – Britton (1889, as Calicium fuscipes). +Mycocalicium subtile (Pers.) Szatala – Britton (1889, as Calicium subtile), Lendemer (2006). Mycoporum pycnocarpoides Müll. Arg. – Specimens examined: Bergen Co., Closter, without date, C.F. Austin s.n. (NY, bound set #195), C.F. Austin 331 (NY). Gloucster Co., Newfield, Apr. 1885, J.B. Ellis s.n. (NY). Myelochroa aurulenta (Tuck.) Elix & Hale – Lendemer (2004, 2006), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Myelochroa obsessa (Ach.) Elix & Hale – Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Myriolecis dispersa (Pers.) Sliwa, Zhao Xin & Lumbsch – Lendemer (2004, 2006, as Lecanora dispersa), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Myriolecis hagenii (Ach.) Śliwa, Zhao Xin & Lumbsch – Britton (1889, as Lecanora hagenii). NEW JERSEY LICHENS 19 Nadvornikia sorediata R.C. Harris – Lendemer (2006), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). +Naetrocymbe punctiformis (Pers.) R.C. Harris – Britton (1889, as Pyrenula punctiformis). Nephroma helveticum Ach. – Britton (1889). Ochrolechia arborea (Kreyer) Almb. – Lendemer (2004, 2006), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Ochrolechia pseudopallescens Brodo – Harris (1985), Lendemer (2004, 2006). Ochrolechia yasudae Vain. – Lendemer (2004). Opegrapha atra Pers. – Britton (1889) reported this species, however we have not examined any historical specimens originally assigned to the taxon. Nonetheless several specimens that likely served as the basis of the report for O. varia by Britton (1889) were found to instead belong to O. atra (NY-506688, NY-506686, NY-506687). Opegrapha corticola Coppins & P. James – Specimen examined: Cumberland Co., Belleplain State Forest, ~2 mi W of jct NJ347 & CR550/Hoffman Mill Rd., on Quercus, J.C. Lendemer 15258 (NY). Opegrapha vulgata Ach. – Lendemer (2006). *Ovicuculospora parmeliae (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Etayo - Specimens examined: Burlington Co., Wharton State Forest, 0-1 mi N of Batsto, along E shore of Batsto River, 9 Oct. 2004, on Physcia millegrana on Quercus branch, J.C. Lendemer 3188 (NY); Mt. Misery, E of Mt. Misery Rd. 0.8 mi SE of NJ70 at Mt. Misery Retreat Center, 20 Sept. 2004, on Parmelia sulcata, W.R. Buck 47392 (NY). Camden Co., Wharton State Forest, 0-0.5 mi W of CR536/Chew Rd., S shore of Clark Branch, 9 Feb. 2009, on P. millegrana on Quercus branch, J.C. Lendemer 15473 (NY), on Punctelia rudecta on Quercus, J.C. Lendemer 15490 (NY). Cumberland Co., Peaslee Wildlife Management Area, ~2.4 mi S of jct NJ49 & CR646/Cumberland Rd., 2 Feb. 2009, on P. rudecta on Quercus, J.C. Lendemer 15147 (NY); Peaslee Wildlife Management Area, ~1.5 mi N of jct NJ49 & CR671/Union Rd., 2 Feb. 2009, on P. rudecta on Quercus, J.C. Lendemer 15072 (NY); Belleplain State Forest, ~2 mi W of jct347 & CR550/Hoffman Mill Rd., 3 Feb. 2009, on P. rudecta on Quercus, J.C. Lendemer 15240 (NY); Edward C. Bevin/ Millville Wildlife Management Area, Buckshutem Swamp, 17 Feb. 2012, on P. rudecta on Acer, J.C. Lendemer et al. 30448 (NY). Salem Co., Parvin State Park, vicinity of Muddy Run, 26 Dec. 2008, on P. rudecta on Acer, J.C. Lendemer et al. 15019 (NY). Pannaria lurida subsp. russellii (Tuck.) P.M. Jørg. – Specimens examined: County unspecified, without locality, C.F. Austin s.n. (NY). Bergen Co., Palisades, C.F. Austin s.n. (NY). Pannaria rubiginosa (Thunb.) Delise – Britton (1889), Lendemer (2006). Parmelia squarrosa Hale – Harris (1985), Lendemer (2004, 2006). Parmelia sulcata Taylor – Moldenke (1934a, 1935), Lendemer (2004, 2006), Struwe et al. (2014), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Parmeliella triptophylla (Ach.) Müll. Arg. – Britton (1889, as Pannaria tryptophylla). Parmeliopsis subambigua Gyeln. – Britton (1889, as Parmelia ambigua), Harris (1985, as Foraminella subambigua), Lendemer (2004, 2006). Parmotrema austrosinense (Zahlbr.) Hale – Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Parmotrema cetratum (Ach.) Hale – Britton (1889, as Parmelia cetrata), Little (1951, as Parmelia cetrata). Parmotrema crinitum (Ach.) M. Choisy – Britton (1889, as Parmelia crinita), Wood (1914, as Parmelia crinita), Lendemer (2015b). 20 BARTONIA Parmotrema gardneri (Dodge) Sérus. – Lendemer (2004), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Parmotrema hypoleucinum (J. Steiner) Hale – Lendemer (2006), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Parmotrema hypotropum (Nyl.) Hale – Lendemer (2004, 2006), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Parmotrema perforatum (Jacq.) A. Massal. – Britton (1889, as Parmelia perforata), Wood (1914, as P. perforata), Little (1951, as P. perforata), Harris (1985), Lendemer (2006), Struwe et al. (2014). Parmotrema perlatum (Huds.) M.Choisy – Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Parmotrema reticulatum (Taylor) M. Choisy – Harris (1985), Lendemer (2004, as Rimelia reticulata), Lendemer (2006), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Parmotrema subisidiosum (Müll. Arg.) Hale – Lendemer (2004, as Rimelia subisidiosa), Lendemer (2006), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Parmotrema submarginale (Michx.) DePriest & B. Hale – Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Parmotrema xanthinum (Müll. Arg.) Hale – Lendemer (2016). Peltigera didactyla (With.) J.R. Laundon – Britton (1889, as P. canina var. spuria), Wood (1914, as P. canina var. spuria), Hastings (1940, as P. spuria), Lendemer (2006), Struwe et al. (2014). Peltigera elisabethae Gyeln. – Specimens examined: Bergen Co., Closter, [C.F. Austin] 266 (NY), C.F. Austin s.n. (NY), C.F. Austin 171 (NY). Camden Co., locality unspecified, C.F. Austin s.n. (NY). Peltigera hydrothyria Mia̧dl. & Lutzoni – Britton (1889, as Hydrothyria venosa). Peltigera horizontalis (Huds.) Baumg. – Britton (1889). Peltigera leucophlebia (Nyl.) Gyeln. – Specimen examined: Without specific locality, on banks in woods, C.F. Austin s.n. (NY, likely source of original report of P. aphthosa by Britton (1889)). Peltigera neckeri Müll. Arg. – Specimens examined: Bergen Co., Closter, C.F. Austin 145b (NY), C.F. Austin s.n. (NY). Sussex Co., Andover, 21 Aug. 1931, G.P. Anderson s.n. (NY). Peltigera neopolydactyla (Gyeln.) Gyeln. – Specimen examined: Burlington Co., Riverton, Sept. 1876, collector unspecified s.n. (NY). Peltigera praetextata (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Zopf – Moldenke (1935, as P. subcanina), Moldenke (1935), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Peltigera rufescens (Weiss) Humb. – Britton (1889), Wood (1914). Pertusaria globularis (Ach.) Tuck. – Britton (1889). Pertusaria macounii (Lamb) Dibben – Harris (1985), Lendemer (2006). Pertusaria ostiolata Dibben – Harris (1985). Pertusaria paratuberculifera Dibben – Harris (1985), Lendemer (2004, 2006), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Pertusaria plittiana Erichsen – Specimens examined: Without specific locality, 1866, C.F. Austin 22 (NY). Bergen Co., Closter, C.F. Austin 333 (NY), C.F. Austin 342 (NY), C.F. Austin 347 (NY); Palisades, Apr. 1876, C.F. Austin s.n. (NY). Hunterdon Co., Delaware Twp., between Upper Creek Rd. and Pine Hill Rd., 3-4 Nov. 1992, on rock, W.R. Buck 22214 (NY), 4 Nov. 1992, on rock, R.C. Harris 29029 (NY). Sussex Co., Quarryville, 18 Oct. 1934, G.P. Anderson s.n. (NY). Pertusaria pustulata (Ach.) Duby – Britton (1889), Lendemer (2004, 2006), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). NEW JERSEY LICHENS 21 Pertusaria subpertusa Brodo – Lendemer (2004). +Phaeocalicium polyporaeum (Nyl.) Tibell – Thomson (1935, as Calicium polyporeum), Harris (1985), Lendemer (2006), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Phaeographis erumpens (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. – Specimens examined: Cape May Co., Belleplain State Forest, ~1.25 mi W of jct of NJ550 (spur) and Cedar Bridge Rd., 3 Feb. 2009, on Ilex branch, J.C. Lendemer 15270 (NY); Peaslee Wildlife Management Area, ~3.75 mi W of jct NJ49 & CR548/Weatherby Rd., 2 Feb. 2009, on Quercus branch, J.C. Lendemer 15203A (NY). Cumberland CO., Belleplain State Forest, ~2 mi W of jct NJ347 & CR550/Hoffman Mill Rd., 3 Feb. 2009, on Quercus branch, J.C. Lendemer 15241A (NY). Salem Co., Parvin State Park, vicinity of Muddy Run, 26 Dec. 2008, on Ilex branch, J.C. Lendemer et al. 15016 (NY). Phaeographis inusta (Ach.) Müll. Arg. – Harris (1985), Lendemer (2004, 2006). Phaeophyscia adiastola (Essl.) Essl. – Lendemer (2004, 2006), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Phaeophyscia hirsuta (Mereschk.) Essl. – Lendemer (2006). Phaeophyscia pusilloides (Zahlbr.) Essl. – Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Phaeophyscia rubropulchra (Degel.) Essl. – Britton (1889, as Physcia obscura var. endochrysea), Wood (1914, as Physcia obscura var. endochrysea), Moldenke (1935, as Physcia endochrysea), Harris (1985), Lendemer (2004, 2006), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Phaeophyscia sciastra (Ach.) Moberg – Specimen examined: Sussex Co., Ogdensburgh, 1875, C.F. Austin 696 (NY). Phaeophyscia squarrosa Kashiw. – Kiviat & MacDonald (2002, as P. imbricata). *Phaeosporobolus alpinus R. Sant., Alstrup & D. Hawksw. – Specimens examined: Atlantic Co., Tuckahoe Wildlife Management Area, gravel road 0.05 mi E of jct w/ Griscom Mill Rd., 2 Dec. 2009, on Pertusaria pustulata on Quercus, J.C. Lendemer 20032 (NY). Cape May Co., Peaslee Wildlife Management Area, 0.75 mi NW of jct NJ49 & CR548/ Weatherby Rd., 2 Feb. 2009, on P. pustulata on Quercus, J.C. Lendemer 15224B (NY). Phyllopsora corallina (Eschw.) Müll. Arg. – Specimens examined: Bergen Co., Closter, 1865, C.F. Austin 310 (NY). Physcia adscendens (Fr.) H. Olivier – Lendemer (2004, 2006), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Physcia aipolia (Humb.) Fürnr. – Specimen examined: Atlantic Co., Wharton State Forest, Batsto, 0.5 mi E of Pleasant Mills, 1 Jul. 2006, on Juglans, J.C. Lendemer et al. 7135 (NY). Physcia americana G. Merr. – Harris (1985), Lendemer (2004, 2006), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Physcia millegrana Degel. – Harris (1985), Forman (1998), Lendemer (2004, 2006), Struwe et al. (2014), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Physcia pumilior R.C. Harris – Lendemer (2006), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Physcia stellaris (L.) Nyl. – Britton (1889), Wood (1914), Torrey (1933), Moldenke (1935), Forman (1998), Lendemer (2004), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Physcia subtilis Degel. – Esslinger (2017), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). – Note that the report of P. subtilis by Lendemer (2004) may refer to either P. subtilis or P. thomsoniana as the two species were not recognized at the time of that publication. Physcia thomsoniana Essl. – Esslinger (2017), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Physciella chloantha (Ach.) Essl. – Kiviat & MacDonald (2002), Lendemer (2004, 2006), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Physciella melanchra (Hue) Essl. – Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). 22 BARTONIA Physconia leucoleiptes (Tuck.) Essl. – Lendemer (2006), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Placidium arboreum (Schw. ex Michener) Lendemer – Britton (1889, as Endocarpon arboreum), Lendemer (2006). Placidium pilosellum (Breuss) Breuss – Specimen examined: Camden Co., “the other side of Haddington”, 20 Jul. 1837, C.F. Austin (NY). Placidium squamulosum (Ach.) Breuss – Specimens examined: Bergen Co., Palisades along the Hudson River, Jan. 1874, C.F. Austin s.n. (NY). Camden Co., “the other side of Haddington”, 20 Jul. 1837, C.F. Austin (NY). Sussex Co.: Roys, 1937, G.G. Nearing s.n. (NY). Warren Co., White Lake, 1937, G.G. Nearing s.n. (NY). Placynthiella dasaea (Stirt.) Tønsberg – Lendemer (2006), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Placynthiella icmalea (Ach.) Coppins & P. James – Lendemer (2004, 2006), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Placynthiella oligotropha (J.R. Laundon) Coppins & P. James – Harris (1985), Lendemer (2004, 2006). Placynthiella uliginosa (Schrad.) Coppins & P. James – Britton (1889, as Biatora uliginosa), Moldenke (1935, as Lecidea uliginosa), Harris (1985), Forman (1998, as L. uliginosa), Lendemer (2004, 2006), Howe (2016, as L. uliginosa). Placynthium nigrum (Huds.) S.F. Gray – Britton (1889, as Pannaria nigra), Wood (1914, as Pannaria nigra), Lendemer (2006). Platismatia glauca (L.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. – Britton (1889, as Cetraria glauca), Wood (1914, as Platysma glaucum). Platismatia tuckermanii (Oakes) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb – Britton (1889, as Cetraria lacunosa), Torrey (1933a, as C. lacunosa), Little (1951, as C. lacunosa), Thomson (1935, as C. atlantica), Lendemer (2004). Polysporina simplex (Taylor) Vězda – Britton (1889, as Lecanora simplex). Porpidia albocaerulescens (Wulfen) Hertel & Knoph – Moldenke (1934a, 1935, as Lecidea albocaerulescens), Hastings (1940, as L. albocaerulescens), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Porpidia albocaerulescens (Wulfen) Hertel & Knoph var. polycarpiza (Vain.) Rambold & Hertel – Harris & Lendemer (2006). Porpidia crustulata (Ach.) Hertel & Knoph – Lendemer (2004). Porpidia macrocarpa (DC.) Hertel & A.J. Schwab – Britton (1889, as Lecidea contigua), Moldenke (1934a, 1935, as Lecidea contigua). Protoblastenia rupestris (Scop.) J. Steiner – Britton (1889, as Placodium rupestre). Protoparmeliopsis muralis (Schreb.) M. Choisy – Britton (1889, as Lecanora muralis), Moldenke (1935, as L. muralis). Pseudevernia consocians (Vain.) Hale & W.L. Culb. – Specimens examined (original reports of Evernia furfuracea): Without locality or date, C.F. Austin s.n. (NY), Jun. 1869, C.F. Austin s.n. (NY); “Pines of N.J.”, without date, C.F. Austin s.n. (NY). Bergen Co., Closter, Apr. 1876, C.F. Austin s.n. (NY). Pseudosagedia cestrensis (Tuck. ex E. Michener) R.C. Harris – Britton (1889, as Sagedia cestrensis), Harris (1985, as Porina cestrensis), Lendemer (2004, as Trichothelium cestrensis), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Pseudosagedia chlorotica (Ach.) Hafellner & Kalb – Britton (1889, as Sagedia chlorotica). Pseudosagedia guentheri (Flot.) Hafellner & Kalb – Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Pseudosagedia rhaphidosperma (Müll. Arg.) R.C. Harris – Lendemer (2006). Psilolechia lucida (Ach.) M.Choisy – Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). NEW JERSEY LICHENS 23 Psora icterica (Mont.) Müll. Arg. – Britton (1889, as Biatora icterica), Wood (1914, as B. icterica), Lendemer (2008). Psora decipiens (Hedw.) Hoffm. – Specimen examined: Warren Co., Hope, 1937, G.G. Nearing s.n. (NY). Psora pseudorussellii Timdal – Specimens examined: Sussex Co., Ogdensberg, C.F. Austin s.n. (NY); [Ogdensburg?] zinc mines, without date or collector (NY); without locality or collector, 1871, (NY). Psoroglaena dictyospora (Orange) Harada – Lendemer (2006). Psorula rufonigra (Tuck.) Gotth. Schneid. – Britton (1889, as Biatora rufo-nigra), Wood (1914, as B. rufo-nigra). Psorotichia schaereri (A. Massal.) Arnold – Britton (1889, as Pyrenopsis schaereri). Punctelia caseana Lendemer & Hodkinson – Harris (1985, as P. subrudecta), Lendemer (2004, 2006, as P. subrudecta), Struwe et al. (2014), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Punctelia missouriensis G.Wilh. & Ladd – Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Punctelia rudecta (Ach.) Krog – Britton (1889, as Parmelia borreri var. rudecta), Moldenke (1934a, 1935, as Parmelia rudecta), Thomson (1935, as Parmelia rudecta), Hastings (1940, as Parmelia rudecta), Little (1951, as Parmelia rudecta), Forman (1998, as Parmelia rudecta), Olsson (1998, as Parmelia rudecta), Lendemer (2004, 2006), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Pycnothelia papillaria Dufour – Britton (1889, as Cladonia papillaria), Evans (1935, 1938, 1940, as C. papillaria), Moldenke (1939, 1940, as C. papillaria), Hastings (1940, as C. papillaria), Harris (1985), Forman (1998), Lendemer (2004, 2006). Pyrenopsis phaeococca (Tuck.) Tuck. – Britton (1889). Pyrenula pseudobufonia (Rehm) R.C. Harris – Harris (1985), Lendemer (2004, 2006). Pyrenula punctella (Nyl.) Trevis. – Specimen examined: Bergen Co., Closter, C.F. Austin 124b (NY). Pyrrhospora varians (Ach.) R.C. Harris – Lecidea varians Ach. – Britton (1889, as Biatora varians), Harris (1985), Lendemer (2004, 2006), Struwe et al. (2014), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Pyxine sorediata (Ach.) Mont. – Britton (1889), Moldenke (1935), Harris (1985), Lendemer (2004, 2006). Pyxine subcinerea Stirt. – Lendemer (2004, 2006), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Ramalina americana Hale – Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Ramalina culbersoniorum LaGreca – Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Ramalina farinacea (L.) Ach. – Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Ramalina intermedia (Nyl.) Nyl. – Specimens examined: Passaic Co., Little Falls, May 1869, C.F. Austin 587 (NY). Sussex Co., location unspecified, C.F. Austin s.n. (NY). Ramalina petrina Bowler & Rundel – Specimens examined: Bergen Co., Closter, C.F. Austin s.n. (NY). Ramboldia russula (Ach.) Kalb, Lumbsch & Elix – Britton (1889, as Biatora russula). Ramonia microspora Vězda – Specimens examined: Cumberland Co., Bear Swamp West, 0.2 mi E of N-S trail at point ~0.4 mi SE of Ackley Rd./CR718, 17 Feb. 2012, on Acer, J.C. Lendemer et al. 30480 (NY), J.C. Lendemer et al. 30482 (NY), on large Acer, J.C. Lendemer et al. 30484 (NY). Rhizocarpon cinereovirens (Müll. Arg.) Vain. – (Moldenke 1934a, 1935). 24 BARTONIA Rhizocarpon grande (Flörke ex Flot.) Arnold – Britton (1889, as Buellia petraea). Rhizocarpon reductum Th. Fr. – Lendemer (2006). Rhizoplaca subdiscrepans (Nyl.) R. Sant. – Specimens examined: Passaic Co., Ramapo, 8 Nov. 1942, on rock, G.G. Nearing s.n. (NY). Sussex Co., High Point State Park, 19 Aug. 1977, on rock, C.R. Prince 77-136 (NY). Rimularia badioatra (Kremp.) Hertel & Rambold – Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Rinodina ascociscana (Tuck.) Tuck. – Britton (1889). Rinodina cana (Arnold) Arnold – Specimens examined: Bergen Co., Closter, C.F. Austin 719 (NY). Morris Co., Stephens State Park, 1980, A. Norarevian s.n. (NY). Rinodina destituta (Nyl.) Zahlbr. – Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Rinodina excrescens Vain. – Specimen examined: Cumberland Co., Edward C. Bevin/ Millville Wildlife Management Area, Buckshutem Swamp, 17 Feb. 2012, on Acer, J.C. Lendemer et al. 30462 (NY). Rinodina maculans Müll. Arg. – Lendemer (2004, 2006), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Rinodina oxydata (A.Massal.) A. Massal. – Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Rinodina subminuta H. Magn. – Lendemer (2004, 2006). Rinodina tephraspis (Tuck.) Herre – Specimens examined: County unknown, without locality, on rock, C.F. Austin 631 (NY). Hunterdon Co., Delaware Twp., between Upper Creek Rd. & Pine Hill Rd., 3-4 Nov. 1992, on rock, W.R. Buck 22216 (NY), 4 Nov. 1992, R.C. Harris 29007 (NY), R.C. Harris 29036 (NY). Sussex Co., High Point State Park, 13 Sept. 1992, on rock, E. Lay 92-0380 (NY). Warren Co., Jenny Jump State Park, 11 Sept. 1992, on rock, W.R. Buck 21534 (NY). Ropalospora chlorantha (Tuck.) S. Ekman – Britton (1889, as Biatora chlorantha), Harris (1985, as Bacidia chlorantha), Lendemer (2006). Ropalospora viridis (Tønsberg) Tønsberg – Lendemer (2011b), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Sarcogyne clavus (DC.) Kremp. – Hastings (1940, as Biatorella clavus). Sarcogyne regularis Körb. – Lendemer (2004, 2006). Sarcosagium campestre (Fr.) Poetsch & Schied. – Britton (1889, as Biatora campestris), Wood (1914, as B. campestris). Sarea resinae (Fr.) Kuntze – Britton (1889, as Biatora resinae), Lendemer (2006). Schismatomma glaucescens (Willey) R.C. Harris – Britton (1889, as Arthonia glaucescens), Lendemer (2004, 2006). Schismatomma graphidioides (Leight.) Zahlbr. – Lendemer (2006, as S. pericleum), Lendemer & Harris (2016b). Scoliciosporum chlorococcum (Stenh.) Vězda – Harris (1985), Lendemer (2004, 2006), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Scoliciosporum pensylvanicum R.C. Harris – Harris (2009). Scoliciosporum umbrinum (Ach.) Arnold – Britton (1889, as Biatora umbrina), Moldenke (1935, as Bacidia umbrina), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Scytinium lichenoides (L.) Otálora, P. M. Jørg. & Wedin – Britton (1889, as Leptogium lacerum), Wood (1914, as L. lacerum). Segestria leptalea (Durieu & Mont.) R.C. Harris – Lendemer (2006), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). *Sphinctrina tubiformis A. Massal. – Britton (1889, as Calicium tubaeforme). *Sphinctrina turbinata (Pers.: Fr.) De Not. – Britton (1889, as Calicium turbinatum). Steinia geophana (Nyl.) Stein – Britton (1889, as Biatora geophana). NEW JERSEY LICHENS 25 Stenocybe pullatula (Ach.) Stein – Britton (1889, as Calicium byssaceum). Stereocaulon glaucesens Tuck. – Lendemer (2006). Stereocaulon saxatile H. Magn. – Specimens examined: Bergen Co., Palisades, 2 Oct. 1941, W.H. Wiegmann s.n. (NY). Passaic Co., Franklin Clove, Nov. 1934, G.P. Anderson s.n. (NY); Little Falls, 15 Aug. 1896, A. Schneider s.n. (NY). Union Co., Scotch Pines Notch, 15 Aug. 1915, W.H. Wiegmann s.n. (NY). Stictis urceolatum (Ach.) Gilenstam – Britton (1889, as Conotrema urceolatum). *Stigmidium lendemeri Kocourk. & K. Knudsen – Specimen examined: Sussex Co., Stokes State Forest, Sunrise Mountain summit, 29 Mar. 2008, on Aspicilia on rock, J.C. Lendemer et al. 11579 (NY). +Stigmidium marinum (Deakin) Swinscow – Taylor (1982). Strangospora pinicola (A.Massal.) Körb. – Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Strigula americana R.C. Harris – Lendemer (2006). Teloschistes chrysophthalmus (L.) Th. Fr. – Britton (1889), Wood (1914). Tephromela atra (Hudson) Hafellner – Britton (1889, as Lecanora atra), Wood (1914, as L. atra). Thelocarpon laureri (Flot.) Tuck. – Britton (1889). Thelotrema subtile Tuck. – Britton (1889), Lendemer (2004). Thrombium epigaeum (Pers.) Wallr. – Britton (1889, as Verrucaria epigaea). +Tomasellia americana (Willey) R.C. Harris – Specimens examined: Cumberland Co., Vineland Twp., E side of NJ55 just N of Landis Ave./NJ56, 9 Apr. 2000, on young Quercus branch, W.R. Buck 36848 (NY). Ocean Co., Island Beach State Park, Island Beach Northern Nature Area, 10 Apr. 2000, on young Quercus branch, W.R. Buck 36894 (NY). Trapelia coarctata (Turner) M. Choisy – Britton (1889, as Biatora coarctata), Moldenke (1935, as Lecanora coarctata), Brodo & Lendemer (2015). Trapelia glebulosa (Sm.) J.R. Laundon – Lendemer (2006), Brodo & Lendemer (2015). Trapelia placodioides Coppins & P. James – Lendemer (2006), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Trapelia stipitata Brodo & Lendemer – Brodo & Lendemer (2015). Trapeliopsis flexuosa (Fr.) Coppins & P. James – Harris (1985), Lendemer (2004, 2006), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Trapeliopsis granulosa (Hoffm.) Lumbsch – Britton (1889, as Biatora granulosa), Harris (1985), (1985), Forman (1998, as Lecidea granulosa), Howe (2016, as L. granulosa). Trapeliopsis viridescens (Schrad.) Coppins & P. James – Britton (1889, as Biatora viridescens), Moldenke (1935, as Lecanora viridescens). *Tremella pertusariae Diederich – Specimen examined: Cape May Co., Peaslee Wildlife Management Area, ~3.75 mi W of jct NJ49 & CR548/Weatherby Rd., 2 Feb. 2009, on Pertusaria pustulata on Quercus, J.C. Lendemer 15201 (NY). Trypethelium virens Tuck. ex Michener – Britton (1889), Wood (1914), Nearing (1940), Harris (1985), Lendemer (2004), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Tuckermanella fendleri (Tuck.) Essl. – Britton (1889, as Cetraria fendleri), Wood (1914, as Platysma fendleri), Lendemer (2004, 2006). Tuckermanopsis americana (Spreng.) Hale – Lendemer (2004). Tuckermanopsis ciliaris (Ach.) Gyeln. – Britton (1889, as Cetraria ciliaris), Torrey (1933a, as Nephromopsis ciliaris), Thomson (1935, as N. ciliaris), Little (1951, as C. ciliaris), Harris (1985), Lendemer (2004, 2006). 26 BARTONIA Umbilicaria mammulata (Ach.) Tuck. – Britton (1889, as U. dillenii), Hastings (1940, as Gyrophora dillenii), Niering (1953). Umbilicaria muhlenbergii (Ach.) Tuck. – Britton (1889), Hastings (1940, as Gyrophora muhlenbergii), Niering (1953, as Actinogyra muhlenbergii). Usnea angulata Ach. – Britton (1889), Wood (1914). Usnea ceratina Ach. – Britton (1889, as U. barbata var. ceratina), Wood (1914, as U. barbata var. ceratina). Usnea mutabilis Stirt. – Lendemer (2004, 2006). Usnea merrillii Motyka – Specimen examined: County unknown, “Pines of N.J.”, 1863, C.F. Austin s.n. (NY). Usnea rubicunda Stirt. – Britton (1889, as U. strigosa var. rubiginea), Lendemer (2006, as U. pensylvanica). Usnea strigosa (Ach.) Eaton – Britton (1889), Harris (1985), Lendemer (2004, 2006). Usnea subscabrosa Nyl. ex Motyka – Specimen examined: Burlington Co., Oswego River Preserve, E side of Red Rd./Stevenson Rd., 6 Sept. 2006, on Chamaecyparis, J.C. Lendemer 3782B & M.J. Moody (NY). Usnea trichodea Ach. – Britton (1889), Wood (1914), Lendemer (2004, 2006). Usnocetraria oakesiana (Tuck.) M.J. Lai & C.J. Wei – Hastings (1940, as Cetraria oakesiana). Vahliella leucophaea (Vahl) P.M. Jørg. – Britton (1889, as Pannaria microphylla). Varicellaria velata (Turner) Schmitt & Lumbsch – Britton (1889, as Pertusaria velata), Wood (1914, as P. velata), Torrey (1933a, as P. velata), Thomson (1935, as P. velata), Harris (1985, as P. velata), Lendemer (2006, as P. velata). Verrucaria calkinsiana Servít – Lendemer (2004). Verrucaria muralis Ach. – Britton (1889), Lendemer (2006). Vezdaea leprosa (P. James) Vězda – Lendemer (2006). Violella fucata (Stirt.) T. Sprib. – Lendemer (2004, 2006, as Mycoblastus fucatus). Vulpicida pinastri (Scop.) J.-E. Mattsson & M.J. Lai – Britton (1889, as Cetraria juniperina var. pinastri), Wood (1914, as Platysma juniperina var. pinastri). Vulpicida viridis (Schwein.) J.-E. Mattsson & M.J. Lai – Britton (1889, as Cetraria juniperina), Little (1951, as C. juniperina), Torrey (1933a, as C. viridis), Harris (1985, as C. viridis), Lendemer (2004, 2006). Wahlenbergiella striatula (Wahlenb.) Gueidan & Thüs – Taylor (1982, as Verrucaria microspora). Willeya diffractella (Tuck.) Müll. Arg. – Britton (1889, as Staurothele diffractella), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Xanthomendoza weberi (S. Y. Kondr. & Kärnefelt) L. Lindblom – Lendemer (2004, as Xanthoria fulva). Xanthoparmelia angustiphylla (Gyeln.) Hale – Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Xanthoparmelia conspersa (Ehrh. ex Ach.) Hale – Britton (1889, as Parmelia conspersa), Wood (1914, as P. conspersa), Moldenke (1934a, 1935, as P. conspersa), Thomson (1935, as P. conspersa), Hastings (1940, as P. conspersa), Niering (1953, as P. conspersa), Lendemer (2006), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Xanthoparmelia cumberlandia (Gyeln.) Hale – Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Xanthoparmelia hypofusca (Gyeln.) Hodkinson & Lendemer – Hodkinson & Lendemer (2011). NEW JERSEY LICHENS 27 Xanthoparmelia plittii (Gyeln.) Hale – Kiviat & MacDonald (2002), Zambell et al. (2012), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th. Fr. – Britton (1889, as Teloschistes parietinus), Waters & Lendemer (in rev.). Xylographa disseminata Willey – Specimen examined: Ocean Co., Lakewood, Apr. 1888, on cedar rail, C.H. Clarke s.n. (NY). Xylographa opegraphella Nyl. – Britton (1889). Xylopsora friesii (Ach.) Bendiksby & Timdal – Lendemer (2006, as Hypocenomyce friesii). Zwackhia viridis (Ach.) Poetsch & Schied. – Britton (1889) reported this species, however we have not reviewed any historical vouchers that were correctly named. Nonetheless we have examined one modern collection that does refer to the species: Cumberland Co., Bear Swamp West, 0.2 mi E of N-S trail at point ~0.4 mi SE of Ackley Rd./CR718, 17 Feb. 2012, on Fagus, J.C. Lendemer et al. 30477 (NY). SYNONYMS This section is intended to serve as a translation table between names used in earlier publications and those used here. Heterotypic synonymies follow Esslinger (2016). Acolium tigillare (Ach.) Gray = Cyphelium tigillare Actinogyra muhlenbergii (Ach.) Schol. = Umbilicaria muhlenbergii Anaptychia aquila (Ach.) A. Massal. = North American records are Anaptychia palmulata Anaptychia speciosa (Wulfen) A. Massal. = Heterodermia speciosa Anisomeridium nyssigenum (Ellis & Everh.) R.C. Harris = Anisomeridium polypori Arthonia caesia (Flot.) Körb. = Chrysothrix caesia Arthonia glaucescens Willey = Schismatomma glauscescens Arthonia lecideella Nyl. = Chrysothrix caesia Arthonia spectabilis Flot. = Arthothelium spectabile Arthopyrenia halodytes (Nyl.) Arn. = Collemopsidium halodytes Bacidia chlorantha (Tuck.) Fink = Ropalospora chlorantha Bacidia chlorosticta (Tuck.) A. Schneid. = Micarea chlorosticta Bacidia umbrina (Ach.) Bausch = Scoliciosporum umbrinum Baeomyces aeruginosus (Scop.) DC. = Icmadophila ericetorum Baeomyces roseus Pers. = Dibaeis baeomyces Biatora anthracophila (Nyl.) Hafellner = Carbonicola anthracophila Biatora campestris Fr. = Sarcosagium campestre Biatora chlorantha Tuck. = Ropalospora chlorantha Biatora chlorosticta (Tuck.) Tuck. = Micarea chlorosticta Biatora coarctata (Turner) Th. Fr. = Trapelia coarctata Biatora denigrata Fr. = Micarea denigrata Biatora fossarum (Dufour) Mont. = Biatorella hemisphaerica Biatora geophana (Nyl.) Th. Fr. = Steinia geophana Biatora granulosa (Hoffm.) Flot. = Trapeliopsis granulosa Biatora hypnophila (Ach.) Lönnr. = Bilimbia sabuletorum Biatora icterica Mont. = Psora icterica Biatora resinae (Fr.) Tuck. = Sarea resinae 28 BARTONIA Biatora rufonigra Tuck. = Psorula rufonigra Biatora rubella (Hoffm.) Rabenh. = Bacidia rubella Biatora russula (Ach.) Mont. = Ramboldia russula Biatora uliginosa (Schrad.) Fr. = Placynthiella uliginosa Biatora umbrina (Ach.) Tuck. = Scoliciosporum umbrinum Biatora varians (Ach.) Eschw. = Lecidea varians Biatora viridescens (Schrad.) W. Mann = Trapeliopsis viridescens Biatorella clavus (DC.) Th. Fr. = Sarcogyne clavus Buellia myriocarpa (DC.) De Not. = Amandinea punctata Buellia polyspora (Willey) Vain. = Amandinea polyspora Calicium byssaceum Fr. = Stenocybe pullatula Calicium curtum Sm. = Calicium abietinum Calicium fuscipes Tuck. = Mycocalicium fuscipes Calicium phaeocephalum (Turn.) Fr. = Chaenotheca phaeocephala Calicium polyporaeum Nyl. = Phaeocalicium polyporaeum Calicium roscidum (Ach.) Ach. = Calicium adspersum Calicium roscidum var. rosoidulum Nyl. = Calicium adspersum Calicium subquercinum Asahina = Calicium lenticulare Calicium subtile Fr. = Mycocalicium subtile Calicium tubaeforme Pers. = Sphinctrina tubiformis Calicium turbinatum Pers. = Sphinctrina turbinata Cetraria aleurites (Ach.) Th. Fr. = Imshaugia aleurites Cetraria aleurites var. placorodia (Ach.) Tuck. = Imshaugia placorodia Cetraria atlantica (Tuck.) Du Rietz = Platismatia tuckermanii Cetraria aurescens Tuck. = Ahtiana aurescens Cetraria ciliaris Ach. = Tuckermanopsis ciliaris Cetraria fendleri (Nyl.) Tuck. = Tuckermanella fendleri Cetraria glauca (L.) Fr. = Platismatia glauca Cetraria juniperina var. pinastri (Scop.) Ach. = Vulpicida pinastri Cetraria oakesiana Tuck. = Usnocetraria oakesiana Cetraria placorodia (Ach.) Tuck. = Imshaugia placorodia Cetraria viridis Schwein. = Vulpicida viridis Cladonia bacillaris (Ach.) Genth = C. macilenta var. bacillaris Cladonia bacillaris f. abbreviata Vain. = C. macilenta var. bacillaris Cladonia bacillaris f. clavata (Ach.) Vain. = C. macilenta var. bacillaris Cladonia bacillaris f. subtomentosula Sandst. = C. macilenta var. bacillaris Cladonia borbonica Nyl. = C. cylindrica Cladonia borbonica f. cylindrica A. Evans = C. cylindrica Cladonia capitata f. imbricata (Nyl.) A. Evans = C. peziziformis Cladonia caroliniana f. dimorphoclada (Robbins) A. Evans = C. dimorphoclada Cladonia delicata (Ehrh.) Flörke = C. parasitica Cladonia delicata f. quercina (Pers.) Vain. = C. parasitica Cladonia floerkeana f. carcata (Ach.) J.W. Thomson = C. floerkeana Cladonia floerkeana f. intermedia (Vain.) J.W. Thomson = C. floerkeana Cladonia mitrula Tuck. = C. peziziformis Cladonia mitrula f. imbricatula (Nyl.) Vain. = C. peziziformis Cladonia mitrula f. pallida Robbins = C. peziziformis NEW JERSEY LICHENS 29 Cladonia mitrula f. squamulosa G. Merr. = C. peziziformis Cladonia nemoxyna Ach. = C. rei Cladonia nemoxyna f. fibula (Ach.) A. Evans = C. rei Cladonia nemoxyna f. rei Anders = C. rei Cladonia papillaria (Ehrh.) Hoffm. = Pycnothelia papillaria Cladonia papillaria f. molariformis (Hoffm.) Schaer. = Pycnothelia papillaria Cladonia papillaria f. stipata Harm. = Pycnothelia papillaria Cladonia pityrea (Flörke) Fr. = C. ramulosa Cladonia pityrea var. zwackhii f. subacuta Vain. = C. ramulosa Cladonia vulcanica Zoll. & Moritzi = C. didyma var. vulcanica Cladonia vulcanica f. minor Robbins = C. didyma var. vulcanica Collema cyrtaspis Tuck. = Enchylium conglomeratum Collema furvum (Ach.) DC. = Lathagrium fuscovirens Collema myriococcum (Ach.) Ach. = Lempholemma polyanthes Collema pycnocarpum Nyl. = Enchylium conglomeratum Collema rupestre (F. Desp.) Rabenh. = Collema flaccidum Collema tenax (Sw.) Ach. - Enchylium tenax Conotrema urceolatum (Ach.) Tuck. = Stictis urceolatum Crocynia neglecta (Nyl.) Hue = Lepraria neglecta Endocarpon arboreum Tuck. = Placidium arboreum Foraminella subambigua (Gyeln.) S.L.F. Mey. = Parmeliopsis subambigua Gyalecta pineti (Ach.) Tuck. = Coenogonium pineti Gyrophora dillenii (Tuck.) Müll. Arg. = Umbilicaria mammulata Gyrophora muhlenbergii Ach. = Umbilicaria muhlenbergii Hydrothyria venosa J.L. Russell. = Peltigera hydrothyria Hypocenomyce anthracophila (Nyl.) P. James & Gotth. Schneid. = Carbonicola anthracophila Hypocenomyce friesii (Ach.) P. James & Gotth. Schneid. = Xylopsora friesii Lecanora atra (Huds.) Ach. = Tephromela atra Lecanora caesiorubella subsp. prolifera (Fink) R.C. Harris = Lecanora subpallens Lecanora cinerea (L.) Sommerf. = Aspicilia cinerea Lecanora coarctata (Turner) Ach. = Trapelia coarctata Lecanora cupressi Tuck. = Lecanora cupressi Lecanora dispersa (Pers.) Röhl. = Myriolecis dispersa Lecanora fuscata Röhl. = Acarospora fuscata Lecanora hagenii (Ach.) Ach. = Myriolecis hagenii Lecanora lacustris (With.) Nyl. = Ionaspis lacustris Lecanora muralis (Schreb.) Rabenh. = Protoparmeliopsis muralis Lecanora simplex (Taylor.) Nyl. = Polysporina simplex Lecanora viridescens (A. Massal.) Müll. Arg. = Trapeliopsis viridescens Lecidea albocaerulescens (Wulfen) Ach. = Porpidia albocaerulescens Lecidea berengeriana (A. Massal.) Nyl. = Mycobilimbia berengeriana Lecidea contigua (Hoffm.) Fr. = Porpidia macrocarpa Lecidea erratica Körber = Leimonis erratica Lecidea granosa Tuck. = Bacidia granosa Lecidea granulosa (Hoffm.) Ach. = Trapeliopsis granulosa Lecidea tessellina Tuck. = Lecanora oreinoides Lecidea uliginosa (Schrad.) Ach. = Placynthiella uliginosa 30 BARTONIA Lecidea vernalis (L.) Ach. = Biatora vernalis Loxospora pustulata (Brodo & W.L. Culb.) R.C. Harris = Lepra pustulata Melanelia subaurifera (Nyl.) Essl. = Melanelixia subaurifera Micarea erratica (Körber) Hertel, Rambold & Pietschm. = Leimonis erratica Mycoblastus fucatus (Stirt.) Zahlbr. = Violella fucata Nephromopsis ciliaris (Ach.) Hue = Tuckermanopsis ciliaris Opegrapha varia Pers. = Alyxoria varia Opegrapha varia var. rimalis (Pers.) Fr. = Alyxoria varia Opegrapha viridis (Ach.) Behlen & Desberger = Zwackhia viridis Pannaria byssina (Hoffm.) Nyl. = Leptogium byssinum Pannaria microphylla (Sw.) A. Massal. = Vahliella leucophaea Pannaria leucosticta Tuck. = Fuscopannaria leucosticta Pannaria nigra (Huds.) Nyl. = Placynthium nigrum Parmelia ambigua var. halei Tuck. = Parmeliopsis subambigua Parmelia borreri var. rudecta (Ach.) Tuck. = Punctelia rudecta Parmelia caperata (L.) Ach. = Flavoparmelia caperata Parmelia cetrata Ach. = Parmotrema cetratum Parmelia colpodes (Ach.) Ach. = Anzia colpodes Parmelia conspersa (Ach.) Ach. = Xanthoparmelia conspersa Parmelia conspersa f. isidiata Anzi = Xanthoparmelia conspersa Parmelia conspersa var. isidiata (Anzi) E.C. Berry = Xanthoparmelia conspersa Parmelia crinita Ach. = Parmotrema crinitum Parmelia perforata (Jacq.) Ach. = Parmotrema perforatum Parmelia pertusa Schaer. = Menegazzia terebrata Parmelia physodes (L.) Ach. = Hypogymnia physodes Parmelia rudecta Ach. = Punctelia rudecta Parmelinopsis horrescens (Taylor) Elix & Hale = Hypotrachyna horrescens Parmelinopsis minarum (Vain.) Elix & Hale = Hypotrachyna minarum Parmeliopsis aleurites (Ach.) Nyl. = Imshaugia aleurites Parmeliopsis placorodia (Ach.) Nyl. = Imshaugia placorodia Peltigera canina var. spuria (Ach.) Schaer. = Peltigera didactyla Peltigera spuria (Ach.) DC. = Peltigera didactyla Pertusaria amara (Ach.) Nyl. = Lepra amara Pertusaria multipunctoides Dibben = Lepra multipunctoides Pertusaria ophthalmiza (Nyl.) Nyl. = Lepra ophthalmiza Pertusaria velata (Turner) Nyl. = Varicellaria velata Physcia adglutinata (Flörke) Nyl. = Hyperphyscia adglutinata Physcia aquila var. detonsa (Fr.) Tuck. = Anaptychia palmulata Physcia endochrysea (Nyl.) Hampe = Phaeophyscia rubropulchra Physcia hypoleuca (Ach.) Tuck. = Heterodermia hypoleuca Physcia obscura var. endochrysea Nyl. = Phaeophyscia rubropulchra Physcia speciosa (Wulfen) Nyl. = Heterodermia speciosa Placodium camptidium (Tuck.) Tuck. = Caloplaca camptidia Placodium cerinum (Hedw.) Hepp. = Caloplaca cerina Placodium microphyllinum Tuck. = Caloplaca microphyllinum Placodium rupestre (Scop.) Branth & Rostr. = Protoblastenia rupestris Placodium vitellinum (Hoffm.) Hepp = Candelariella vitellina NEW JERSEY LICHENS 31 Platysma aurescens (Tuck.) Nyl. = Ahtiana aurescens Platysma fendleri Nyl. = Tuckermanella fendleri Platysma glaucum (L.) Frege = Platismatia glauca Platysma juniperinum var. pinastri (Scop.) Nyl. = Vulpicida pinastri Porina cestrensis (Tuck.) Müll. Arg. = Pseudosagedia cestrensis Pseudophyscia aquila var. detonsa (Fr.) R. Howe = Anaptychia palmulata Pseudophyscia hypoleuca (Ach.) Hue. = Heterodermia hypoleuca Pseudophyscia speciosa (Wulfen) Müll. Arg. = Heterodermia speciosa Punctelia subrudecta auct. Amer. = Punctelia caseana Pyrenopsis schaereri (A. Massal.) Nyl. = Psorotichia schaereri Pyrenula punctiformis (Schrank) Trevis. = Naetrocymbe punciformis Rimelia reticulata (Taylor) Hale & A. Fletcher = Parmotrema reticulatum Rimelia subisidiosa (Müll. Arg.) Hale & A. Fletcher = Parmotrema subisidiosum Rinodina milliaria Tuck. = Amandinea milliaria Rinodina oreina (Ach.) Mass. = Dimelaena oreina Sagedia cestrensis Tuck. = Pseudosagedia cestrensis Sagedia chlorotica (Ach.) A. Massal. = Pseudosagedia chlorotica Staurothele diffractella (Nyl.) Tuck. = Willeya diffractella Sticta aurata Ach. = Crocodia aurata Sticta pulmonaria (L.) Biroli = Lobaria pulmonaria Sticta quercizans (Michx.) Ach. = Lobaria quercizans. Teloschistes concolor (Dicks.) Tuck. = Candelaria concolor Teloschistes parietinus (L.) Norman = Xanthoria parietina Trichothelium cestrensis (Tuck.) R.C. Harris = Pseudosagedia cestrensis Umbilicaria dillenii Tuck. = U. mammulata Umbilicaria pensylvanica Hoffm. = Lasallia pensylvanica Urceolaria scruposa (Schreb.) Ach. = Diploschistes scruposus Usnea barbata var. ceratina (Ach.) Schaer. = Usnea ceratina Usnea pensylvanica Motyka = Usnea rubicunda Verrucaria epigaea (Pers.) Ach. = Thrombium epigaeum Verrucaria microspora Nyl. = Wahlenbergiella striatula Excluded Taxa and Questionable Historical Reports Acarospora glaucocarpa (Wahlenb. ex Ach.) Körb. – Records should be referred to A. canadensis. Alectoria jubata (L.) Tuck. – Reported by Britton (1889) based on unspecific earlier collections made by C.F. Austin and others. Multiple specimens collected by C.F. Austin from New Jersey and identified as this taxon belong to Bryoria furcellata. Alectoria jubata var. bicolor Fr. – This taxon is now treated as Bryoria bicolor (Ehrh.) Brodo & D. Hawksw., however the report of this species by Britton (1889: 359) based on material collected by Eckfeldt in Sussex County likely refers to B. furcellata as the range of B. bicolor is not mapped as including New Jersey (Brodo & Hawksworth 1977). No New Jersey specimens originally identified as A. jubata var. bicolor were located at NY. Alectoria jubata var. chalybeiformis Ach. – This taxon was treated as Bryoria chalybeiformis (Ach.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. (Brodo & Hawksworth 1977) but has since been considered a synonym of B. fuscescens (Gyeln.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. by Velmala et al. (2014). Regardless, it was not mapped as occurring in New Jersey (Brodo & Hawksworth 1977) 32 BARTONIA and the report by Britton (1889: 359) based on collections made by Austin in Bergen County and Eckfeldt in Camden and Atlantic Counties likely refers to B. furcellata. All New Jersey specimens originally identified as A. jubata var. chalybeiformis at NY have been reidentified as B. furcellata. Alectoria jubata var. implexa Fr. – This taxon is now treated as Bryoria implexa (Fr.) Brodo & D. Hawksw., however the report by Britton (1889: 359) based on collections made by Austin in Bergen County and Eckfeldt in Camden and Atlantic Counties likely refers to B. trichodes subsp. trichodes. Two specimens collected by C.F. Austin at Budd Lake (NY-01077623, NY-1608284) belong to B. trichodes. A search of CNALH did not reveal any Eckfeldt herbarium specimens under this name from New Jersey. Alectoria ochroleuca var. sarmentosa (Ach.) Nyl. – This taxon is now treated as Alectoria sarmentosa Ach. (Brodo & Hawksworth 1977) and its range is not considered to include New Jersey (l.c.). The report by Britton (1889: 359) was based on an Eckfeldt collection from Sussex County and it is unclear what taxon this represents as a search of CNALH did not reveal any Eckfeldt herbarium specimens under this name from New Jersey. Arthonia astroidea Ach. – This species was reported by Britton (1889: 379) based on collections from Bergen made by Austin, as well as Atco and Camden by Eckfeldt. The name is now treated as a synonym of A. radiata (Pers.) Ach. (Esslinger 2016), but that species is not known to occur in New Jersey (Lendemer, unpublished data). One specimen collected by Austin and identified as A. astroidea with a question mark (NY-506674) is referable to A. pyrrhuliza. Another specimen collected by Austin (NY-1608451) represents a different species of Arthonia, unfortunately it could not be completely identified because the specimen lacked ascospores. Arthonia astroidea var. swartziana (Ach.) Sacc. – This taxon was reported by Britton (1889: 379) based on material collected by Eckfeldt in Warren. It is now treated as a synonym of A. radiata (Esslinger 2016), but that species is not known to occur in New Jersey (Lendemer, unpublished data). Arthonia dispersa Dufour – This species was reported by Britton (1889: 380) based on material collected on Acer by Eckfeldt in Camden. We have not located any specimens originally identified as A. dispersa and refrain from including it on the checklist until such material can be examined and confirmed. Arthonia polymorpha Ach. – This species was reported by Britton (1889: 380) based on material collected on Carya by Eckfeldt at Newfield. We have not located any specimens originally identified as A. polymorpha and refrain from including it on the checklist until such material can be examined and confirmed. Arthonia pyrrhula Nyl. – This species was reported by Britton (1889: 380) based on material collected on Castanea by Eckfeldt at Newfield. We have not located any specimens originally identified as A. pyrrhula and refrain from including it on the checklist until such material can be examined and confirmed. The species is now treated as Coniarthonia pyrrhula (Nyl.) Grube and although widespread in the southeastern Coastal Plain (e.g., Lendemer et al. 2016b), is not known to occur in New Jersey. Arthonia stellaris Kremp. – This species was reported by Britton (1889: 380) based on material collected on Ailanthus by Eckfeldt at Atco. We have not located any specimens originally identified as A. stellaris and refrain from including it on the checklist until such material can be examined and confirmed. Arthonia taediosa Nyl. – Britton (1889: 380) reported this species from material collected in Newfield, Gloucester County. Although he indicated that it was collected by Eckfeldt, NEW JERSEY LICHENS 33 it is more likely that the material was collected by Ellis and sent to Eckfeldt. The only specimen we examined that was identified as A. taediosa was collected by Green at Atco and is referable to A. susa. As has been discussed by Lendemer et al. (2013), historical reports of A. taediosa should refer to A. susa if the specimens were correctly identified. Bacidia inundata (Fr.) Körb. – This taxon was reported by Moldenke (1935) and is now referred to as Bacidina inundata (Fr.) Vězda (fide Esslinger 2016). The genus Bacidina Vězda is poorly understood in eastern North America and many different species were collectively referred to this taxon historically (see e.g., Ekman 1996) such that the identity of this report cannot be ascertained with certainty as no supporting voucher was located by us. Baeomyces byssoides (L.) P. Gaertn., G. Mey. & Schreb. – The report of this taxon by Britton (1899) refers to B. rufus. Biatora cupreorosella (Nyl. ex Stizenb.) Tuck. – Britton (1889: 375) reported this species based on material collected by Austin in Sussex County. Esslinger (2016) listed B. cupreorosella as a synonym of Lecania cuprea (A. Massal.) van den Boom & Coppins and, while it is possible that report corresponds to L. cuprea, we have not reviewed the original vouchers. We have also not reviewed any currently identified vouchers of L. cuprea from New Jersey. Biatora exigua (Chaub.) Fr. – This name was cited parenthetically by Britton (1889) when reporting Lecidea varians. The records almost certainly all correspond to Pyrrhospora varians Biatora inundata Fr. – This taxon was reported by Britton (1889: 375) based on material collected at unspecified locations in New Jersey by Austin. Further discussion is presented in this section under Bacidia inundata. Biatora mixta Fr. – This species was reported by Wood (1914) and Britton (1889: 375), the latter based on material collected by Austin in Bergen and Eckfeldt in Camden. Britton (1889) also included a parenthetical reference to B. tricolor Mont. While Esslinger (2016) listed B. mixta as a synonym of Cliostomum griffithii (Sm.) Coppins, it is more likely that the records refer to Pyrrhospora varians. Nonetheless the two specimens collected by Austin that we have examined were instead referable to Lecidea erythrophaea (NY1069027) and Lecania naegelii (NY-1079076). Biatora parvifolia (Pers.) Mont. – Britton (1889: 374) reported this species based on material collected by Austin in Bergen and Eckfeldt in Salem. The species is now treated as Phyllopsora parvifolia (Pers.) Müll. Arg. (Brako 1991, Timdal 2011), however it is not known to occur as far north along the Atlantic Coast as New Jersey (Lendemer, unpublished data). We examined a specimen identified as B. parvifolia collected by Austin (NY-1077324) and it was referable to P. corallina. Biatora rubella (Hoffm.) Rabenh. – This taxon is now treated as Bacidia rubella (Hoffm.) A. Massal., however its range is not considered to include New Jersey (Ekman 1996). It was reported from New Jersey by Britton (1889: 375) and Wood (1914), however all relevant material at NY either belongs to Bacidia schweinitzii or B. suffusa. Biatora russellii Tuck. – This species was reported by Britton (1889) based on terricolous material collected by Austin in Bergen. While one would normally assume that the record corresponds to Psora pseudorussellii, that species occurs on calcareous rocks and not soil. We have not located the original specimen that served as the basis of this report and thus cannot state with certainty what species it represents. Biatora sanguineoatra (Wulfen) Tuck. – Britton (1889: 375) reported this species based 34 BARTONIA on material collected by Austin. It is currently recognized as a distinct member of Bryobilimbia (Fryday et al. 2014) but the vouchers collected by Austin that we have examined (NY-1079343, NY-1608420) were instead referable to Bilimbia sabuletorum. Buellia colludens Arnold – Britton (1889: 377) reported this species based on material collected in Salem by Eckfeldt and included a parenthetical reference to “Lecidea myrini Fr..” Although B. colludens is now treated as a synonym of Rhizocarpon hochstetteri (Körb.) Vain. (Fryday 2002), that is a saxicolous species and the report by Britton (1889) was based on corticolous material. Given this it is unclear what species the report would have referred to. Buellia lactea (A. Massal.) Körb. – This species was reported by Wood (1914), however we have not reviewed any vouchers originally assigned to this taxon. Buellia parasema De Not. – Britton (1889: 377) reported this species and stated that it was “on various trunks throughout the state.” Although records are generally treated as referring to Hafellia disciformis (Fr.) Marbach & H. Mayrhofer (Esslinger 2016), the name was historically used for many different corticolous Buellia species in eastern North America. All of the specimens from New Jersey originally assigned to B. parasema that we have examined belong to B. stillingiana (NY-1077446, NY-1077447, NY-1077448, NY-1077449, NY-1077450, NY-1077451). Buellia petraea var. montagnei Tuck. – The taxon was reported by Britton (1889: 377) under the names based on material collected by Austin in Warren and Bergen. Although it is likely that the specimens originally identified as this taxon are referable to Rhizocarpon grande (see entry for R. petraeum below), we have not located any material at NY that was originally identified as B. petraea var. montagnei. Buellia schaereri De Not. – Britton (1889: 377) reported this species based on material collected by Austin in Bergen and by Eckfeldt in Warren, however the specimens assigned to B. schaereri that we examined (NY-1077972, NY-1608445) were referable to Amandinea punctata. Caloplaca cinnabarina (Ach.) Zahlbr. – Hastings (1940) reported this species, however in its current sense C. cinnabarina is not considered to occur in New Jersey (Wetmore & Kärnefelt 1999). Two specimens from New Jersey (NY-1069511, NY-1069512) originally identified as C. cinnabarina instead belong to C. subsoluta. Caloplaca citrina (Hoffm.) Th. Fr. – This species was reported from New Jersey by Lendemer (2004, 2006), however the material is not conspecific with C. citrina and instead belongs to one of the members of this group with sorediate areoles (e.g., Arup 2006). We have opted to refer all such material to C. flavocitrina here pending further study of this group in North America. Candelariella reflexa (Nyl.) Lettau – This species was reported by Lendemer (2004, 2006), however the records refer to C. xanthostigmoides (see Lendemer & Westberg 2010). Cetraria fahlunensis (L.) Schaer. – Britton (1889: 358) reported this species based on material collected by Austin in the Delaware Water Gap. While C. fahluensis is now treated as Cetrariella commixta (Nyl.) A. Thell & Kärnefelt (fide Esslinger 2016), we reexamined the specimen collected by Austin and found it to represent Melanelia culbersonii. Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach. – This species was reported by Britton (1889: 358) based on collections from Delaware Water Gap made by Austin. It was also reported by Torrey (1937). All of the specimens originally identified as C. islandica at NY have proven to be C. arenaria, including two specimens collected by Austin at the Delaware Water Gap (NY-1068268, NY-1077626). NEW JERSEY LICHENS 35 Cetraria juniperina (L.) Ach. – Reports of this species by Britton (1889) and Little (1951) refer to Vulpicida viridis. Cetraria lacunosa Ach. – Reports of this species by Britton (1889), Little (1951) and Torrey (1933a) refer to Platismatia tuckermanii. Chrysothrix flavovirens Tønsberg – The report of this species by Lendemer (2006) refers to Chrysothrix chamaecyparicola. Cladonia alpestris (L.) Rabenh. – This species was reported by Sedia & Ehrenfeld (2003, 2005, 2006) and is presently considered to be conspecific with C. stellaris (Opiz) Pouzar & Vězda. Nonetheless C. stellaris is not known to occur in New Jersey. No correctly identified vouchers were seen for this study (although New Jersey was included in the range map published by Brodo et al. (2001)) and the reports could refer to either C. arbuscula or C. subtenuis. “Cladonia bacillaris f. peritheta (Wallr.) Arn.” – This name was used by Evans (1940) and almost certainly refers to C. macilenta var. bacillaris. Cladonia calycantha Nyl. – This species was reported by several authors (Evans 1935, 1938, 1940; Forman 1998, Little 1951) and these reports almost certainly all correspond to C. rappii. Cladonia calycantha f. foliosa Vain. – This taxon was reported by Evans (1938, 1940) as well as Little (1951). The records are likely C. rappii Cladonia caroliniana Tuck. – This species was reported by many authors (Evans 1935, Forman 1998, Hastings 1940, Moldenke 1935, Niering 1953, Olsson 1998). The specimens we examined were mostly referable to C. dimorphoclada (e.g., NY-973753, NY-973757, NY-973759, NY-973760, NY-973767, NY-973992), while others represented C. uncialis (e.g., NY-1069074, NY-1069075, NY-1069076, NY-1069077). Cladonia caroliniana f. dilatata A. Evans – This infraspecific taxon was reported by Evans (1935, 1938, 1940) and Moldenke (1935). The specimens we examined were referable to a mix of C. dimorphoclada (e.g., NY-973754, NY-973763) and C. uncialis (e.g., NY1069078, NY-1069079, NY-1069080, NY-1069081, NY-1069082). Cladonia caroliniana f. fibrillosa A. Evans – This infraspecific taxon was reported by Evans (1935) and the record almost certainly refers to C. dimorphoclada. Cladonia caroliniana f. prolifera A. Evans – This infraspecific taxon was reported by Evans (1940) and the record almost certainly refers to C. dimorphoclada. Cladonia caroliniana f. tenuiramea A. Evans – This infraspecific taxon was reported by Evans (1935, 1938, 1940) and the specimens we examined (e.g., NY-973752, NY973755, NY-973756, NY-973758, NY-973762, NY-973765) were all referable to C. dimorphoclada. Cladonia clavulifera Vain. – This species was reported by several authors (Evans 1935, 1940; Moldenke 1940; Forman 1998), however the reports almost certainly refer to various members of the C. subcariosa group such as C. polycarpoides and C. sobolescens. Cladonia clavulifera f. nudicaulis A. Evans – This infraspecific taxon was reported by Evans (1935, 1938, 1940) and Moldenke (1940). The specimens identified under this name at NY that we examined were referable to either C. polycarpoides (NY-1077389) or C. sobolescens (NY-1068934, NY-1068935, NY-1068936). Cladonia clavulifera f. pleurocarpa Robbins – This infraspecific taxon was reported by Evans (1938, 1940), however the records almost certainly refer to C. sobolescens. Cladonia clavulifera f. subfastigiata Robbins – This infraspecific taxon was reported by Evans (1935), however the record almost certainly refers to C. sobolescens. 36 BARTONIA Cladonia clavulifera f. subvestita Robbins – This infraspecific taxon was reported by Evans (1935, 1938, 1940), however the records almost certainly refer to C. sobolescens. Cladonia coccifera (L.) Willd. – This taxon was reported by Rosentreter & Belnap (2001), however C. coccifera is a primarily northern species and no vouchers from New Jersey were seen as part of this study. Cladonia cornucopioides (L.) Hoffm. – This species was reported by several early authors (Britton 1889, Wood 1913, Moldenke 1939). While it is presently treated as a synonym of C. coccifera (L.) Willd., that species does not occur in New Jersey (Brodo et al. 2001) and the specimens identified as C. cornucopioides at NY (e.g., NY-1608412, NY-1077354, NY-1077355, NY-1077356, NY-1077357) were referable to C. pleurota. Cladonia cornuta (L.) Hoffm. – This species was reported by Britton (1889: 372) based on terricolous collections made by Austin in Bergen and Eckfeldt in Warren. We have not reviewed any specimens originally identified as C. cornuta from New Jersey and we exclude it from the checklist as it has a northern distribution in North America (Brodo et al. 2001) and the original reports almost certainly referred to other sorediate taxa such as C. ochrochlora and C. rei. Cladonia deformis (L.) Hoffm. – This taxon was reported by Rosentreter & Belnap (2001), however C. deformis is a primarily northern species and no vouchers from New Jersey were seen as part of this study. Cladonia degenerans (Flörke) Spreng. – Britton (1889: 372) reported this species based on terricolous material collected by Austin in Bergen and by Eckfeldt in Sussex and Warren. Surprisingly, we were unable to locate any material at NY that was originally named C. degenerans, and this included amongst the material filed as C. phyllophora and C. verticillata. Thus it is unclear what species the report refers to. Cladonia diversa Asperges – Lendemer (2006) reported this species, however the vouchers represent C. pleurota. Cladonia fimbriata (L.) Fr. – This species was reported from New Jersey by multiple authors (Britton 1889; Bard 1952; Evans 1935, 1938, 1940; Woods 1914), however all of the historical specimens we examined at NY have proven to represent other taxa with simple podetia that can form shallow cups (e.g., C. ochrochlora and C. rei). The reports by Evans may be accurate, however we have not reviewed the vouchers upon which they were based and prefer to exclude the species from the checklist at present. Cladonia fimbriata var. tubaeformis (Hoffm.) Fr. – Britton (1889: 372) reported this species based on material collected by Austin in Bergen and also included a parenthetical reference to C. fimbriata var. adspersa F. Wilson. As was the case for C. fimbriata itself, the specimens collected by Austin that we examined at NY and identified as C. fimbriata var. adspersa were C. ochrochlora (NY-1068995) or C. rei (NY-1068998). Cladonia gracilis (L.) Willd. – This taxon was report by Britton (1889: 372) based on material collected by Austin in Bergen and by Eckfeldt at Atco in Camden County. It was also reported by Evans (1940). Specimens originally identified as C. gracilis and collected by Austin are referable to a mixture of different species including C. peziziformis (NY1069139), C. phyllophora (NY-01817856), C. rei (NY-1068993, NY-1068997), and C. verticillata (NY-1068518). Likewise, a collection made by Green at Atco (NY-952514), likely at the time as Eckfeldt would have visited the site, was referable to C. atlantica. Cladonia gracilis var. dilatata (Hoffm.) Vain. f. “squamulosa (Schaer.) Sandst.” – This taxon was reported by Evans (1940), however we have not reviewed any material assigned to this taxon and it almost certainly refers to a species of Cladonia other than C. gracilis. NEW JERSEY LICHENS 37 Cladonia gracilis var. elongata (Wulfen) Flörke – This taxon was reported by Britton (1889: 372) based on material collected by Austin in Bergen and on “small forms” collected by Eckfeldt in Sussex. We have not reviewed any material assigned to this taxon and it almost certainly refers to a species of Cladonia other than C. gracilis. Cladonia gracilis f. hybrida Schaer. – Britton (1889: 372) listed this taxon as “var. hybrida” and based the report on material collected by Austin in Bergen and by Eckfledt in Salem. We have not reviewed any material assigned to this taxon and it almost certainly refers to a species of Cladonia other than C. gracilis. Cladonia implexa Harm. – This species was reported by Evans (1938, 1940) and North American records are treated as referring to Cladonia portentosa (Dufour) Coem. (Esslinger 2016). Nonetheless C. portentosa does not occur in the region (Brodo et al. 2001) and it is unclear what species exactly the reports of C. implexa would refer to. Cladonia implexa “f. subpellucida Harm.” – Evans (1938) reported this taxon from New Jersey, however we have not reviewed any material assigned to this name and it almost certainly refers to another species of Cladonia. Cladonia lepidota Nyl. – This species was reported by Britton (1889: 373) based on collections made by Austin in Bergen and Eckfeldt in Salem. We examined three specimens collected by Austin (NY-1608402, NY-1069144, NY-1069145) and all proved to represent C. piedmontensis. Cladonia mitis Sandst. – This taxon was reported from New Jersey several times (Evans 1935, 1938, 1940; Moldenke 1939; Sedia & Ehrenfeld 2003, 2005, 2006). However while its range was mapped as including New Jersey by Brodo et al. (2001), all of the specimens we have examined that were originally identified as C. mitis have instead proven to represent C. submitis. Therefore we exclude C. mitis from the checklist until a correctly identified voucher can be located. Cladonia mitis f. divaricata Sandst. – This infraspecific taxon was reported by Evans (1935). However as is the case for C. mitis itself, the record almost certainly belongs to C. submitis. Cladonia mitis f. prolifera Sandst. – This infraspecific taxon was reported by several times (Moldenke 1939; Evans 1935, 1938, 1940). However as is the case for C. mitis itself, the records almost certainly belong to C. submitis. Cladonia nanodes Robbins nom. inval. – This name does not appear to have been validly published, but was listed for New Jersey by Evans (1940). The only collection we examined that was originally assigned to this name (Atlantic Co., Port Republic, 1936, R.H. Torrey s.n. (NY-1077126)) represents C. strepsilis. “Cladonia papillaria f. prolifera (Wallr.) Schaer.” – This name was used by Evans (1940) and almost certainly refers to Pycnothelia papillaria. “Cladonia rangiferina var. sylvatica (L.) Fr.” – Britton (1889) used this name, however the reports could easily refer to any of several species that occur in New Jersey, including C. arbuscula, C. rangiferina or C. subtenuis. Cladonia scabriuscula (Del.) Leight. – This taxon was reported by Evans (1938, 1940), however we have not located any specimens referable to the species. We have excluded it from the checklist pending examination of the original specimens. Cladonia stellaris (Opiz) Pouzar & Vězda – This taxon was reported by Rosentreter & Belnap (2001), however C. stellaris is a primarily northern species and no vouchers from New Jersey were seen as part of this study (see also the entry for C. alpestris in this section). 38 BARTONIA Cladonia subcariosa Nyl. – This species was reported from New Jersey by Bard (1952), Evans (1935, 1938, 1940) and Moldenke (1935). Although it is a rare species that occurs in the Mid-Atlantic region, all specimens we have examined from New Jersey proved to represent C. polycarpoides, which differs in the absence of atranorin. Cladonia subcariosa var. evoluta Vain. – This infraspecific taxon was reported by multiple authors (Bard 1952; Evans 1935, 1938, 1940; Hastings 1940; Moldenke 1935), however all specimens examined for this study proved to represent C. polycarpoides rather than C. subcariosa. Cladonia subcariosa f. pleurocarpa Robbins – This infraspecific taxon was reported by Evans (1940), however all specimens examined for this study proved to represent C. polycarpoides rather than C. subcariosa. Cladonia subcariosa f. squamulosa Robbins – This infraspecific taxon was reported by multiple authors (Bard 1952; Evans 1938, 1940; Moldenke 1935), however all specimens examined for this study proved to represent C. polycarpoides rather than C. subcariosa. Cladonia sylvatica (L.) Hoffm. – This species was reported by many authors (Evans 1935, 1938, 1940; Forman 1998, Hastings 1940, Moldenke 1935, Torrey 1937) and the records likely correspond to both C. arbuscula and C. subtenuis. Cladonia sylvatica f. decumbens Anders – This taxon was reported by Evans (1935) and could refer to C. arbuscula or C. subtenuis. Cladonia sylvatica f. prolifera Sandst. – This taxon was reported by Evans (1940) and could refer to C. arbuscula or C. subtenuis. Cladonia sylvatica f. pygmaea Sandst. – This taxon was reported by Evans (1935, 1938) and could refer to C. arbuscula or C. subtenuis. “Cladonia sylvatica f. setigera Oxner” – This name was used by Evans (1938) and could refer to C. arbuscula or C. subtenuis. Cladonia symphycarpia (Flörke) Fr. – This species was reported by Britton (1889: 371) from localities throughout New Jersey, however it is not presently considered to occur in the region (Brodo et al. 2001). Historically the name was applied to other members of the C. subcariosa group that are known from the area, particularly C. polycarpoides, and it is likely that the report by Britton (1889) refers to one of those species. Britton (1889: 372) also reported the infraspecific taxon “C. symphicarpa var. epiphylla (Ach.) Nyl.” from New Jersey and this almost certainly also refers to one of the other members of the C. subcariosa group. Cladonia tenuis (Flörke) Harm. – This species was reported from New Jersey multiple times (Evans 1935, 1938, 1940, Moldenke 1940), however it is not known to occur in New Jersey and the reports almost certainly all refer to C. subtenuis. Cladonia tenuis f. setigera Abbayes – This infraspecific taxon was reported by Evans (1935, 1938, 1940) and as is the case for C. tenuis the records almost certainly refer to C. subtenuis instead. Cladonia turgida Ehrh. ex Hoffm. – This species was reported by multiple authors (Britton 1889, Evans 1938, Dix 1942). While it is mapped as occurring in New Jersey by Brodo et al. (2001) we have not located the species in the region and all collections identified as C. turgida at NY belong to other species with large primarily squamules such as C. apodocarpa and C. polycarpoides. We exclude C. turgida from the list pending discovery of a correctly named voucher. Collema microphyllum (Sw.) DC. – Britton (1889: 365) reported this species based on material collected by Austin in Bergen “on old trunks”. We have not located any NEW JERSEY LICHENS 39 specimens originally identified as C. microphyllum and refrain from including it on the checklist until such material can be examined and confirmed. Collema pulposum (Bernh.) Ach. – This species was reported by multiple early authors (Britton 1889, Wood 1913, Torrey 1933). While it is presently treated as a synonym of Enchylium tenax, the specimens originally assigned to this name belong to different species including both E. tenax (NY-475260) and C. pustulatum (NY-475246). Collema verruciforme (Ach.) Nyl. – This taxon was reported by both Britton (1889) and Wood (1914), however we have not reviewed any specimens originally assigned to this name. Further, Esslinger (2016) considered the occurrence of the species in North America to be doubtful, so it seems likely that the reports refer to another species of cyanolichen. Coniocybe pallida (Pers.) Fr. – Britton (1889: 381) reported this species based on material collected by Eckfeldt at Newfield “on dead wood”. Although North America records of C. pallida are now treated as Sclerophora nivea (Hoffm.) Tibell, that is a rare corticolous species that one would presume does not occur on “dead wood” (Selva 2014). We have not located any material that was originally identified as C. pallida. Crocynia lanuginosa (Ach.) Hue – This species was reported by Moldenke (1935) and is currently treated as Lepraria membranacea (Dickson) Vain., a species that is not considered to occur in New Jersey (Lendemer 2013). The name C. lanuginosa was broadly applied historically to nearly all species currently placed in Lepraria Ach., however the majority of earlier reports from eastern North America apply to the common and widespread species L. finkii which is found throughout New Jersey. Crocynia membranacea (Dicks.) Zahlbr. – This species was reported by Moldenke (1934a, 1935) and is currently treated as Lepraria membranacea (Dickson) Vain., a taxon that is not considered to occur in New Jersey (Lendemer 2013). As is the case for C. lanuginosa, the name C. membranacea was widely misapplied to a other species of Lepraria in the past and most eastern North American reports apply to L. finkii rather than L. membranacea. Dermatocarpon aquaticum (Hoffm.) Zahlbr. – This taxon was reported by Moldenke (1934a, 1935) and while the reports likely correspond to D. luridum we have not yet examined the source voucher specimens. Dermatocarpon hepaticum (Ach.) Th. Fr. – This species was reported by Wood (1914) and was also reported earlier under the name Endocarpon hepaticum. We examined two specimens at originally assigned to D. hepaticum (NY-414353, NY-414350) and found that both correspond to Placidium squamulosum. Dermatocarpon miniatum (L.) W. Mann – This species was reported by several authors (Hastings 1940, Moldenke 1935, Torrey 1933). While it is likely that the records refer to D. muhlenbergii, there is a possibility that they correspond to other members of the genus (e.g., D. arenosaxi) and thus the original voucher specimens must be located and examined. Dermatocarpon miniatum var. complicatum (Lightf.) Th. Fr. – This species was reported by Wood (1914). While it is likely that the record refers to D. muhlenbergii, there is a possibility that they correspond to other members of the genus (e.g., D. arenosaxi) and thus the original voucher specimens must be located and examined. Endocarpon hepaticum Ach. – This species was reported by Britton (1889: 382) based on material collected in Bergen by Austin and in the “Blue Mts.” of Sussex by Eckfeldt. We examined several specimens collected by Austin (NY-414351, NY-414354, NY-414352) and all of these were referable to Placidium squamulosum. 40 BARTONIA Endocarpon miniatum (L.) P. Gaertn., G. Mey. & Scherb. – This taxon was reported by Britton (1889) and like the reports of Dermatocarpon miniatum, likely refers to D. muhlenbergii. Nonetheless, the original voucher specimens must be located and examined. Endocarpon miniatum var. aquaticum (Hoffm.) Schaer. – This taxon was reported by Britton (1889) and like the records of Dermatocarpon aquaticum, the report likely refers to D. luridum but this requires further study. Endocarpon miniatum var. complicatum (Lightf.) Schaer. – This taxon was reported by Britton (1889) and like the records of Dermatocarpon miniatum var. complicatum, the report likely refers to D. muhlenbergii but this requires further study. Endocarpon pusillum Hedwig – This species was reported by Lendemer (2004), however the record refers to E. petrolepideum. Endocarpon rufescens Ach. – Britton (1889: 382) reported this species based on material collected by Austin in Bergen and by Eckfeldt in Sussex. We examined two specimens collected by Austin and one was referable to Placidium pilosellum (NY-414349) and the other (NY-1608466) appears to represent the same species, but is glued to a backing and could not be studied in detail without damaging the material. Ephebe pubescens (L.) Fr. – Britton (1889: 365) reported this species based on material collected by Austin in Bergen and by Eckfeldt in the Blue Mountains of Sussex County. Although the taxon is now recognized as Pseudephebe pubescens (L.) M. Choisy, the material collected by Austin (NY-507001, NY-507002, NY-507003, NY-507004, NY— 1608336) instead is referable to E. hispidula (Ach.) Horw. Evernia furfuracea (L.) W. Mann – This species was reported by Britton (1889: 358) based on material collected by Austin in Bergen on “old trees.” All of the specimens we have examined (NY-1077201, NY-1077202, NY-1077203, NY-1608271, NY-1608272) were referable to Pseudevernia consocians. Glyphis achariana Tuck. – Britton (1889: 379) reported this species based on material collected by Eckfeldt in Newfield where it was not considered to be common. Records of G. achariana from North America are treated as G. cicatricosa Ach. (Esslinger 2016), however we have not reviewed any vouchers originally identified as that taxon and it is not known to occur as far north as New Jersey (Brodo et al. 2001). Graphis dendritica (Ach.) Ach. – This species was reported by Wood (1914) and Britton (1889: 379), the latter based on material collected by Austin in Bergen and by Eckfeldt at Atco in Camden County. The species is currently treated as Phaeographis dendritica (Ach.) Müll. Arg. (Staiger 2002), however the specimens we examined (NY-506735, NY1608448) were instead referable to G. scripta. Graphis elegans (Borrer ex Sm.) Ach. – Britton (1889: 379) reported this species based on material collected by Austin in Bergen. Specimens we have examined at NY (NY-506728, NY-506736, NY-1608449) were all referable to G. scripta. “Graphis recta” – This taxon was reported by Thomson (1935), however we have not examined any specimens originally assigned to this name and the report almost certainly refers to one of the forms of G. scripta. Graphis scalpturata Ach. – Britton (1889: 379) reported this species based on material collected by Austin in Bergen and by Eckfeldt in Salem. We have not reviewed any vouchers originally identified as G. scalpturata, but the reports almost certainly refer to one of the many forms of G. scripta. NEW JERSEY LICHENS 41 Gyalecta lutea (Dicks.) Tuck. – This species was reported by Britton (1889: 371) based on material collected by Ellis in Newfield. No specimen assigned to this name could be located at NY, and although it is possible that species occurs in New Jersey we prefer to exclude it until a supporting voucher can be located and the identification confirmed. Gyalideopsis subaequatoriana Lücking & W.R. Buck – Lücking et al. (2007) reported this species from New Jersey, however the records belong to G. bartramiorum. Hafellia disciformis (Fr.) Marbach & H. Mayrh. – Lendemer (2004) reported this species from New Jersey, however the report almost certainly corresponds to Buellia curtisii. Heppia despreauxii (Mont.) Tuck. – This taxon was reported by Britton (1889: 364) based on material collected by Eckfeldt in Camden. We have not located the material that was the original basis of the report, but it almost certainly corresponds to H. adglutinata A. Massal. (Brodo et al. 2001, Henssen 1994). Heterothecium pezizoideum (Ach.) Stizenb. – Britton (1889: 376) reported this species based on material collected by Austin in Bergen, however we have not located the original material and it is unclear what taxon it corresponds to. Heterothecium sanguinarium (L.) Tuck. – Britton (1889: 376) reported this species based on material collected in southern New Jersey by Eckfeldt and stated that it was “frequent.” This taxon is now referred to as Mycoblastius sanguinarius (L.) Norman, however that is a northern species that has not been found in New Jersey. It is unclear what taxon the report of H. sanguinarium corresponds to. Heterothecium tuberculosum (Fée) Flot. – Britton (1889: 376) reported this species based on material collected in Atlantic County by Eckfeldt. It is a tropical species that is now treated as Megalospora tuberculosa (Fée) Sipman and does not occur in New Jersey (Sipman 1983). The report almost certainly refers to M. porphyritis (Harris 1984). Heterothecium vulpinum (Tuck.) Tuck. – This taxon was reported by Britton (1889: 376) based on a single collection made by Green on dead wood in Atlantic County. Although we have not located this specimen, the report almost certainly refers to Brigantiaea leucoxantha. Also refer to the entry for Lopadium vulpinum in this section. Lecanora athroocarpa Duby – Britton (1889: 369) reported this species based on corticolous material collected by Austin in Bergen and by Eckfeldt in Camden. We have not reviewed any material originally assigned to this name and it is not presently included on the North American checklist (Esslinger 2016). The report almost certainly corresponds to another species of Lecanora. Lecanora bockii T. Rödig – This species was reported by Britton (1889) and Wood (1914). It is currently treated as a synonym of Rimularia gibbosa (Ach.) Coppins, Hertel & Rambold (Esslinger 2016), however we have not reviewed any vouchers of this taxon from New Jersey. It is possible that the reports refer to R. badioatra, a species that we report here from New Jersey. Lecanora cervina Ach. – This species was reported by Britton (1889: 369) based on material collected by Austin in Bergen. It is now typically treated as a form of Acarospora glaucocarpa (Ach.) Körb., however that species does not occur in New Jersey. We have not located Austin’s material of L. cervina and thus cannot state what modern species it corresponds to. Lecanora elatina Ach. – Britton (1889: 369) reported this species based on material collected in Camden by Eckfeldt. The species is now treated as Loxospora elatina (Ach.) A. Massal, a sorediate species with a northern distribution in North America (Brodo et al. 2001). 42 BARTONIA While the occurrence of this species in New Jersey is possible, we have not reviewed any specimens originally assigned to this name and it would be unlikely to have occurred so far south in the region. The report could refer to any number of sorediate or pustulose taxa including Lecanora thysanophora and Lepra pustulata. Lecanora fuscata var. rufescens (Ach.) Tuck. – Britton (1889: 369) reported this taxon based on material from “northern New Jersey” collected by Eckfeldt. Although it is now recognized as a distinct species (Westberg et al. 2011), we have not reviewed any material of it from New Jersey. Lecanora gibbosa (Ach.) Nyl. – This taxon was reported by Moldenke (1935) and is now treated as Circinaria gibbosa (Ach.) A. Nordin, Savi & Tibell (Nordin et al. 2010). While we have been unable to locate Moldenke’s vouchers, specimens named L. gibbosa from New Jersey instead belong to other species of Aspicilia, such as A. cinerea (NY-1069558) and A. laevata (NY-1069567). Lecanora miculata Ach. – This species was reported by Britton (1889) and Nearing (1940). While it is currently recognized as a distinct species (Brodo 1984) we have not reviewed any vouchers of the taxon from New Jersey. Lecanora orosthea (Ach.) Ach. – This species was reported by Britton (1889: 369) based on collections made by Austin in Bergen and Eckfeldt in Camden. Although the species is still recognized as distinct, it is a saxicolous sorediate taxon with usnic acid (Zdu czyk & Kukwa 2014) that does not occur in New Jersey. The records almost certainly refer to Lecanora strobilina, as was the case for the one specimen we examined at NY (NY1079215). Lecanora pallescens (L.) Röhl. – This species was reported by Britton (1889: 369) based on collections made by Austin in Bergen and Eckfeldt in unspecified areas of the region. It was also reported by Wood (1914). Although this taxon is now recognized as Ochrolechia pallescens (L.) A. Massal. (Kukwa 2011), the name was widely misapplied to nearly all eastern North American species of Ochrolechia A. Massal. in the past and specimens identified as L. pallescens could represent any of the members of the genus that occur in New Jersey. Lecanora pallida (Schreb.) Rabenh. – This species was reported by Britton (1889) and Wood (1914). While it is still recognized as a distinct taxon (Imshaug & Brodo 1966), the name was widely applied historically to virtually all corticolous species with Lecanora with densely pruinose apothecia discs. The specimens examined from New Jersey that were originally referred to L. pallida have all proven to represent L. subpallens. Lecanora pallida var. cancriformis Tuck. – This taxon was reported by Britton (1889) and as is the case for L. pallida, almost certainly corresponds to L. subpallens. Lecanora punicea (Sw.) Ach. – Britton (1889: 369) reported this species based on material collected by Eckfeldt in Salem. We have not reviewed any material that was originally assigned to this name, however it was historically applied to many different species of Haematomma and no member of that genus is known to occur as far north as New Jersey (Brodo et al. 2008). Lecanora rubina (Hoffm.) Ach. – This species was reported by Britton (1889: 368) based on material collected by Austin in Sussex and by Eckfeldt in Warren. Reports from North America are generally considered to refer to Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca (Ach.) Zopf (Esslinger 2016), however that species does not occur in New Jersey. Although we have not reviewed any vouchers identified as this taxon, it is very likely that the reports refer to Rhizoplaca subdiscrepans. NEW JERSEY LICHENS 43 Lecanora subfusca (L.) Ach. – Britton (1889: 368) reported this species based on unspecified material and stated that it was “on trunks and rocks; frequent.” The species was also reported by Hastings (1940). The reports must refer to any number of members of the L. subfusca group that occur in North America as the name was widely applied to many different species in the past (see e.g., Brodo 1984). Lecanora subfusca var. allophana Ach. – Britton (1889: 368) reported this species based on corticolous material collected by Eckfeldt in Camden. Although it is now recognized as a distinct species, L. allophana (Ach.) Nyl. (Brodo 1984), that species is not presently known to occur in New Jersey. Given the location and substrate of the material collected by Eckfeldt it seems likely that it corresponds to the common L. hybocarpa. Lecanora subfusca var. distans (Pers.) D. Dietr. – This taxon was reported by Britton (1889: 368) based on material collected on Chestnut bark at Atco by Eckfeldt. Although now treated as a synonym of Lecanora populicola (DC.) Duby (Esslinger 2016), that species does not occur in New Jersey and the report almost certainly corresponds to another species such as L. hybocarpa. Lecanora tartarea (L.) Ach. – Britton (1889) and Wood (1914) both reported this species, which is now recognized as Ochrolechia tartarea (L.) A. Massal. (Kukwa 2011). The material cited by Britton (1889: 369) is saxicolous and thus the report corresponds to O. yasudae, which is the most common and widespread saxicolous species in eastern North America. Lecanora varia (Hoffm.) Ach. – This species was reported by multiple authors (Britton 1889, Wood 1914, Moldenke 1935), however the name was historically widely applied to different species with usnic acid, particularly L. strobilina in eastern North America. As has been outlined by Printzen (2001), the occurrence of L. varia in North America is highly doubtful, and thus we exclude it here from the New Jersey checklist. Lecanora varia var. sepincola (Ach.) Link – This taxon was reported by Britton (1889) and Wood (1914) and the reports almost certainly correspond to L. strobilina or L. cupressi. Lecanora xanthophana Nyl. – This taxon was reported by Britton (1889: 369) based on saxicolous material from northern New Jersey and was also reported by Wood (1914). The name was widely misapplied historically to many different species of Acarospora with yellow thalli (Knudsen & Flakus 2016) and the records from New Jersey refer to A. tuckerae (Lendemer 2010). Lecidea enteroleuca Ach. – Britton (1889: 376) reported this species back on material collected by Austin in Bergen and by Eckfeldt in Camden, the latter from both corticolous and saxicolous substrates. Britton (1889) also included a parenthetical reference of L. elaeochroma (Ach.) Ach. Given the parenthetical reference and the fact that the original report was based on material from very different substrates, it is almost certain that the report referred to more than one Lecidella species as presently delimited. Lecidea lapicida (Ach.) Ach. – This species was reported by Moldenke (1935) and we have not located any material originally assigned to the name. Its occurrence in New Jersey is highly unlikely as the report almost certainly refers to another saxicolous crustose lichen with a white thallus and black, lecideine apothecia. Lecidea parasema (Ach.) Ach. – This species was reported by Hastings (1940) and while we have not located the material that served as the basis of the report, it almost certainly corresponds to another crustose lichen, potentially a species of Lecidella. Lecidea russellii Tuck. – This species was reported by Torrey (1933), and while it likely corresponds to Psora pseudorussellii, the original vouchers should be verified. 44 BARTONIA Lecidea sorediza Nyl. – Moldenke (1935) reported this species from New Jersey and while we have not located the material that served as the basis of the report, it almost certainly corresponds to another sorediate crustose lichen. Lepraria incana (L.) Ach. – This taxon was reported by Lendemer (2004) and later by Lendemer (2006) as L. aff. incana. The New Jersey records belong to L. hodkinsoniana (Lendemer 2013). Lepraria lobificans Nyl. – This taxon was reported by Lendemer (2004, 2006) and these records refer to L. finkii (Lendemer 2013). “Lepthorapsis derinidis (Ach.) Th. Fr.” – Wood (1914) reported this species, however it is unclear what taxon it actually refers to. Leptogium bolacinum (Ach.) Nyl. – Britton (1889: 366) reported this species based on material collected by Austin in Bergen “on rocks among mosses.” We have not located the material that served as the basis of the original report and it is unclear what species this would correspond to at present. The name is not included on the North American checklist (Esslinger 2016). Leptogium lacerum (Sw.) Gray. – This species was reported by Britton (1889) and Wood (1914). Following Esslinger (2016) the records almost certainly refer to Scytinium lichenoides. Leptogium myochroum (Ehrh.) Nyl. – Britton (1889: 366) reported this species based on material collected by Austin in Bergen and Eckfeldt in the Blue Mountains of Sussex County. The reports almost certainly refer to L. hirsutum. Leptogium myochroum “var. saturninum (Sm.) Schaer.” – This name was reported by Britton (1889: 366) based on material collected by Austin in Bergen and Eckfeldt in Camden. The report almost certainly refers to L. hirsutum. Leptogium pulchellum (Ach.) Nyl. – Britton (1889: 366) reported this species based on material collected in Bergen by Austin and “on old trunks in the forests of Central New Jersey” by Eckfeldt. Although it is currently recognized as Collema pulchellum Ach., all of the specimens we have examined were referable to L. corticola (NY-475267, NY1608348, NY-475271, NY-475269, NY-475268, NY-475266, NY-475265). Leptogium saturninum (Dicks.) Nyl. – This species was reported by Moldenke (1935), however it is not known to occur in New Jersey (Stone et al. 2016) and the report almost certainly refers instead to L. hirsutum. Leptogium tenuissimum (Hoffm.) Körb. – Britton (1889: 366) reported this species as being common “on old logs, [in the] forests of New Jersey.” Sierk (1964) did not report material from New Jersey and we have not located any material that corresponds to this taxon in its current delimitation. Leptogium tremelloides (Ach.) Gray – This species was reported by Britton (1889) and following Esslinger (2016) the records almost certainly refer to L. cyanescens. Lopadium vulpinum (Tuck.) Zahlbr. – This species was reported by Wood (1914) and is now treated as Letrouitia vulpina (Tuck.) Hafellner & Bellem. (Hafellner 1981). Nonetheless no specimens identified as this taxon were seen by us as part of this study, and the genus is restricted to tropical areas in North America that are much further south than New Jersey (Brodo et al. 2001, Hafellner 1981). Melaspilea angulosa Nyl. – Britton (1889: 378) reported this species based on collections made by Eckfeldt near Camden on cherry trees. This species is not presently included on the North American Checklist (Esslinger 2016) and we did not review any vouchers NEW JERSEY LICHENS 45 identified as M. angulosa as part of this study. As such we exclude it from the checklist here pending further study. Mycoporum pycnocarpum Nyl. – This species was reported by Britton (1889: 380) based on material collected by Austin in Bergen. The name is now treated as a synonym of M. compositum (Ach.) R.C. Harris (Harris 1973). However, the material from New Jersey collected by Austin (NY-414313, N-414314, NY-1608454) is instead referable to M. pycnocarpoides. Myriangium duriaei Mont. & Berk. – This taxon was reported by Britton (1889) and is not included here as it is not a lichen or allied fungus. Nephroma laevigatum Ach. – Britton (1889: 363) reported this species based on material collected by Austin in Bergen and Eckfeldt at Atco where it was stated to be “frequent.” Nephroma laevigatum is largely restricted to northern coastal areas in North America and is not known to occur in New Jersey (Brodo et al. 2001, Wetmore 1960). Further, the specimens we examined at NY (NY-507057, NY-1608324) that had originally been named N. laevigatum were both referable to N. helveticum. Nephroma tomentosum (Hoffm.) Flot. – Britton (1889: 363) reported this species based on material collected in Bergen. The name N. tomentosum is now treated as a synonym of N. resupinatum (L.) Ach., however that species is not known to occur in New Jersey (Brodo et al. 2001, Wetmore 1960) and the specimens we have examined at NY (e.g., NY507058, NY-1608323) belong to N. helveticum. Ochrolechia parella (L.) A. Massal. – This species was reported by Forman (1998), however the name was widely applied to many different species of Ochrolechia in the past and O. parella itself is not known to occur in North America (Esslinger 2016). Pannaria lanuginosa (Ach.) Körb. – This taxon was reported by Britton (1889) and Wood (1914). Refer to the Crocynia lanuginosa entry in this section for further details. Pannaria lurida (Mont.) Nyl. – Wood (1914) reported this species, however all of the specimens we have examined were referable to P. lurida subsp. russellii. Pannaria molybdaea (Pers.) Tuck. – This species was reported by Britton (1889: 364) based on material collected by Austin in Bergen and Eckfeldt in Salem. It was also reported by Wood (1914). The name is now treated as a synonym of Coccocarpia pellita (Ach.) Müll. Arg. (Arvidsson & Galloway 1979), however that species is not known to occur in New Jersey, and the specimen at NY named P. molybdaea is actually C. erythroxyli. Pannaria molybdaea var. “cronia” – This name was used by Britton (1889) and the report almost certainly corresponds to Coccocarpia palmicola. Parmelia borreri (Sm.) Turner – Britton (1889: 360) reported this species based on material collected by Austin in Bergen. The species is now treated as Punctelia borreri (Sm.) Krog (Krog 1982), and is considered to occur in temperate eastern North America (Brodo et al. 2001). Nonetheless all of the specimens we examined that were originally assigned to Parmelia borreri (e.g., NY-1077231, NY-1077232, NY-1077233, NY-1077235) and collected by Austin in northern New Jersey instead belonged to Punctelia rudecta. ` Parmelia conspersa f. imbricata A. Massal. – Moldenke (1934a, 1935) reported this taxon, however we have not located the vouchers that served as the basis of the reports. Nonetheless they likely correspond to X. viriduloumbrina. Parmelia conspurcata (Schaer.) Vain. – This species was reported by Hastings (1940), however we have not reviewed any vouchers that were originally identified under this name. Following Esslinger (2016), records would be referable to Melanelixia subargentifera 46 BARTONIA (Nyl.) Blanco et al., however that species is not mapped as occurring in New Jersey (Brodo et al. 2001, as Melanelia subargentifera). Parmelia laevigata (Sm.) Ach. – This species was reported by Wood (1914) as well as by Britton (1889: 360). The latter report was with an indication of hesitation (“?”) and was based on material collected by Eckfeldt in Ocean and Monmouth Counties. Parmelia laevigata is now treated as Hypotrachyna laevigata (Sm.) Hale and is not known to occur in New Jersey (Lendemer & Allen 2015). Specimens from New Jersey originally identified as P. laevigata at NY are referable to H. livida (e.g., NY-1077682, NY-1608298) and it is likely that the historical reports of P. laevigata also refer to that species. Parmelia olivacea (L.) Ach. – This species was reported by multiple authors (Britton 1889, Hastings 1940, Wood 1914) and Britton (1889: 361) stated that it was frequent on oaks. Although P. olivacea is now treated as Melanohalea olivacea (L.) O. Blanco et al. (Blanco et al. 2004), the range of that species is not considered to include New Jersey (Brodo et al. 2001). Also specimens originally identified as P. olivacea at NY (NY-1077747, NY1077746, NY-1608305) all belong to Melanelixia subaurifera and thus it is likely that the historical reports of P. olivacea also refer to that species. Parmelia perlata (Huds.) Ach.– This species was reported by Britton (1889) and Wood (1913) and is currently treated as Parmotrema perlatum (Huds.) M. Choisy (Hawksworth 2004). Although it is included in the checklist based on a recently collected specimen, all historical specimens originally named Parmelia perlata that we have examined (NY1077632, NY-1077633, NY-1077634) instead belong to Cetrelia olivetorum. Parmelia quercina (Willd.) Vain. – Moldenke (1935) reported this species from New Jersey, however two specimens originally identified as P. quercina (NY-1077693, NY1077690) from New Jersey both belong to Hypotrachyna livida. While P. quercina is now treated as Parmelina quercina (Willd.) Hale, the distribution of that species was restricted to western North America (Brodo et al. 2001, Culberson 1961) and subsequently was recognized as a distinct taxon under the name Parmelina coleae Argüello & A. Crespo (Argüello et al. 2007). The earlier report of Parmelia quercina almost certainly refers to H. livida or another morphologically similar species such as Myelochroa galbina. Parmelia saxatilis (L.) Ach. – This species was reported by multiple authors (Britton 1889, Little 1951, Wood 1914), however the most recent treatment of Parmelia s. str. for eastern North America did not map the species as occurring in New Jersey (Hinds 1998). In fact the majority of historical reports of P. saxatilis from temperate eastern North America south of New England refer to P. squarrosa, another isidiate species that was only described in the 1970’s (Hale 1971). Although it is likely that the reports of P. saxatilis from New Jersey refer to P. squarrosa, specimens at NY originally identified as P. saxatilis also belonged to other taxa such as Parmelia sulcata (NY-1069376), Punctelia rudecta (NY-1077237) and even Xanthoparmelia cumberlandia (NY-1077578). Parmelia stygia (L.) Ach. – Thomson (1943) reported this species from New Jersey, however a specimen (NY-1077739) collected by him and identified as such is actually referable to Melanelia culbersonii. Parmelia tiliacea (Hoffm.) Ach. – This species was reported by Britton (1889) and Little (1951), with Britton (1889: 360) noting that it was found on “trunks, in all the forests.” Parmelia tiliacea is currently recognized as Parmelina tiliacea (Hoffm.) Hale (Hale 1976b, Núñez-Zapata et al. 2015), but nonetheless the species does not occur in North America (Esslinger 2016). Four specimens from New Jersey originally identified as Parmelia tiliacea (NY-1077797, NY-1077798, NY-10777999, NY-1608290) all belong to Myelochroa galbina and it is likely that the historical reports also refer to that species. NEW JERSEY LICHENS 47 Peltigera aphthosa (L.) Willd. – Britton (1889: 363) reported this species based on material collected by Austin in Bergen. A specimen at NY collected by Austin (NY-1608329) and identified as P. aphthosa is referable to P. leucophlebia (Nyl.) Gyeln., and thus the report almost certains refers to that species. Peltigera canina (L.) Hoffm. – This species was reported by multiple authors (Britton 1889, Hastings 1940, Wood 1914). While Brodo et al. (2001) mapped the range of the species as including New Jersey, all of the specimens we have examined to date represent other Peltigera species (P. neckeri, NY-507031; P. praetextata, NY-507033, NY-507036, NY507044, NY-507046, NY-507034, NY-507035, NY-507037, NY-507045; P. rufescens, NY-507055). Peltigera polydactylon (Necker) Hoffm. – This species was reported by multiple authors (Britton 1889: 363) based on material collected by Austin in Bergen and Eckfeldt in Sussex. However, all of the specimens we have examined to date represent other Peltigera species (P. elisabethae, NY-507016; P. neckeri, NY-507032, NY-507030; P. neopolydactyla, NY507023; P. praetextata, NY-507038; P. rufescens, NY-507052, NY-507053, NY-507054). Peltigera subcanina Gyeln. – This taxon was reported by Moldenke (1935) and could correspond to any one of several Peltigera species. Peltigera venosa (L.) Hoffm. – Britton (1889: 363) reported this species based on material collected by Austin in Bergen and Eckfeldt in Warren. We have not located the original material that served as the basis of this report and it seems to be out of range for New Jersey (see e.g., Brodo et al. 2001). Pertusaria communis DC. – Multiple authors reported this species from New Jersey (Britton 1889, Thomson 1935, Torrey 1933a, Wood 1914) and Britton (1889: 370) noted that it was “on various trunks and on rocks; frequent.” Pertusaria communis is a name that was widely misapplied historically to many different Pertusaria species in eastern North America and as such the records could represent any number of taxa as currently delimited. “Pertusaria lavata” – Moldenke (1934a, 1935) used this name, however we have not located any supporting vouchers and are unsure what taxon the report actually refers to. Perhaps it was a lapsus for Pertusaria velata. Pertusaria leioplaca DC. – Britton (1889: 370) reported this species based on material collected by Austin in Bergen and by Eckfeldt in Camden. While the species is still recognized, the name was widely misapplied historically to many different species of Pertusaria. This is illustrated by the fact that material assigned to this name by Austin refers to P. paratuberculifera (NY-1069269, NY1069271) and P. texana (NY-1069466) while a specimen collected by Green at Atco is referable to P. subpertusa (NY-1069462). Pertusaria multipuncta (Turner) Nyl. – Britton (1889: 370) reported this species based on material collected by Austin in Bergen and by Eckfeldt at Atco. Although now recognized as Lepra multipuncta (Turner) Hafellner (Hafellner & Türk 2016), this species does not occur in North America (Esslinger 2016) and historical reports could potentially refer to any species now treated in Lepra. Two specimens at NY (NY-1069239, NY-1069240) collected by Austin and originally identified as P. multipuncta were both referable to L. amara. Pertusaria trachythallina Erichsen – This species was reported by Harris (1985), however the supporting vouchers were either Lepra multipunctoides (NY-1069467, NY-1069468) or L. pustulata (NY-1069469). Although we have not reexamined the report by Lendemer (2006), it was likely also based on a misidentification of one of the aforementioned taxa. 48 BARTONIA Pertusaria xanthodes Müll. Arg. – This species was reported by Lendemer (2004), however all of the specimens that were assigned to P. xanthodes from New Jersey are here treated as P. pustulata. The difficulties in delimiting P. pustulata and P. xanthodes were outlined by Dibben (1980) and based on our study it is simplest to refer all the material from the region to a single taxon. Phaeophyscia imbricata (Vain.) Essl. – This species was reported by Kiviat and MacDonald (2002), and reports from North America are now treated as P. squarrosa. Physcia astroidea Nyl. – Britton (1889: 361) reported this species based on material collected on Populus by Eckfeldt in Atlantic County. We have not reviewed any specimens that were originally identified as this species at NY. While Esslinger (2016) considers records of P. astroidea to refer to P. clementei (Sm.) Lynge, that species is very rare and not known to occur in New Jersey. Physcia caesia (Hoffm.) Hampe ex Fürnr. – Torrey (1933) reported this species from New Jersey, however we have not reviewed any specimens originally identified as P. caesia at NY. The species was not mapped as occurring in New Jersey by Brodo et al. (2001) and thus its occurrence seems unlikely. Physcia comosa Nyl. – Britton (1889: 361) reported this species based on material collected in Ocean County by Austin and Camden by Eckfeldt. He also included a parenthetical reference to P. speciosa var. galactophylla (Tuck.) Tuck. Physcia comosa is now treated as Heterodermia comosa (Eschw.) Follmann & Redón, but is a tropical species that does not occur in New Jersey (Mongkolsuk et al. 2015). While we did not locate any specimens originally identified as P. comosa, we did locate a specimen (NY-1608307) collected by Austin in the “Pine Barrens” that was referable to H. echinata. Physcia endococcina (Körb.) Nyl. – Hastings (1940) reported this species and while it is presently treated as Phaeophyscia endococcina (Körb.) Moberg (Esslinger 2016), the report almost certainly refers to the much more common sorediate species P. rubropulchra. We have not located correctly identified material of any of the esorediate species of Phaeophyscia that have an orange or red pigmented medulla (e.g., P. endococcina, P. endococcinodes (Poelt) Essl., P.erythrocardia (Tuck.) Essl.). Physcia hispida (Schreb.) Frege – Britton (1889: 361) reported this species based on material collected by Eckfeldt in Bergen. We have not examined the original material, however it could represent any one of several species of Heterodermia or Phaeophyscia. A specimen identified as P. stellaris var. hispida (Schreb.) Nyl. and collected by Austin (NY-1608313) is H. speciosa while a specimen identified as P. hispida and collected by Nearing in Sussex County (NY-1079054) is Phaeophyscia hirsuta. Physcia lithotea (Ach.) Nyl. – Torrey (1933) reported this species, however we have not located the original material that served as the basis of the report and it is unclear what taxon it would refer to. Physcia obscura (Ehrh.) Hampe ex Fürnr. – This species was reported by many authors (Britton 1889, Hastings 1940, Moldenke 1935, Torrey 1933, Wood 1914), however the name was widely misapplied to different Physciaceae in the past and it is unclear what taxa the historical reports refer to. This is illustrated by the fact that historical specimens from New Jersey originally assigned to P. obscura are now referable to Hyperphyscia syncolla (NY-1078745), Phaeophyscia adiastola (NY-1079053), Phaeophyscia ciliata (NY1079057), Phaeophyscia hirtella (NY-1079059, NY-1079060) and Physcia millegrana (NY-1079316). NEW JERSEY LICHENS 49 Physcia pulverulenta (Schreb.) Hampe ex Fürnr. – This species was reported by Britton (1889) and Wood (1914), however the name was widely misapplied to different species of Physconia in the past. All of the specimens at NY originally assigned to this name (NY1079429, NY-1079431, NY-1079432, NY-1079433) represent Physconia leucoleiptes. It is likely that the earlier reports refer only to P. leucoleiptes, but it is possible that other species were also included. Physcia tribacia (Ach.) Nyl. – This species was reported by multiple authors (Britton 1889, Hastings 1940, Moldenke 1935, Torrey 1933), however the reports almost certainly all refer to P. millegrana. Indeed many of the historical specimens of P. millegrana at NY were originally assigned to P. tribacia or P. stellaris var. tribacia (Ach.) Tuck. (e.g., NY107910, NY-1079312, NY-1079313, NY-1079314, NY-1079315). Physma luridum (Mont.) Tuck. – This taxon was reported by Britton (1889: 364) based on material collected by Austin at unspecific locations, and by Eckfeldt in Camden County at Atco as well as in Gloucester County at Newfield. The reports refer to Pannaria lurida subsp. russellii, and readers should refer to the entry for P. lurida in the present section. Placodium aurantiacum (Lightf.) Anzi – Britton (1889: 367) reported this species from unspecified locations, stating that it was “on rocks and cedars; common.” Considering that the report was derived from material collected from both corticolous and saxicolous substrates, it is likely that it included multiple species of Caloplaca s.l. as presently delimited. Placodium cinnabarinum (Ach.) Nyl. – This taxon was reported by Britton (1889) based on material collected by Austin in Bergen on calcareous rocks, and by Eckfeldt in Warren. Refer to the entry in this section for Caloplaca cinnabarina. Placodium citrinum (Hoffm.) Hepp – This taxon was reported by Britton (1889: 367) as common on old building and mortar based on collections made by Eckfeldt. It is now treated as Caloplaca citrina, however the identity of material assigned to that name from New Jersey remains uncertain (see the entry for C. citrina in this section). Placodium ferrugineum (Huds.) Hepp – This species was reported by Britton (1889: 367) based on material collected by Austin in Bergen and Eckfeldt in Camden. We did not review any specimens originally referred to this name, and the one such specimen collected by Austin (NY-1608355) is missing from its mounted label. Placodium ferrugineum var. pollinii (A. Massal.) Hepp – Britton (1889: 367) reported this taxon based on material collected by Eckfeldt on cedars in Camden. Although it is now treated as Caloplaca pollinii (A. Massal.) Jatta, we have refrained from including the species on the checklist until the original material can be examined and confirmed. “Pseudophyscia comosa (Eschw.) Nyl.” – This taxon was reported by Wood (1914) and readers should refer to the entry for Physcia comosa in this section for further information. Pyrenula glabrata (Ach.) A. Massal. – This species was reported by Britton (1889: 383) based on material collected by Austin in Bergen and by Eckfeldt at Newfield, although the latter was likely collected by Ellis and sent to Eckfeldt for determination. One specimen we examined (NY-414397) was referable to P. pseudobufonia, however it is likely that the material that served as the basis for the original report was comprised of multiple species as presently defined. Pyrenula hyalospora (Nyl.) Tuck. – Britton (1889: 383) reported this taxon based on material collected by Austin in Bergen and Eckfeldt in Salem. We examined a specimen collected by Austin (NY-1608473), however the specimen was sterile (lacking hymenia and ascospores) and appeared to represent a non-lichenized pyrenocarpous fungus. 50 BARTONIA Pyrenula lactea (A. Massal.) Tuck. – Britton (1889: 383) reported this taxon based on material collected by Austin in Bergen and by Eckfeldt at Atco in Camden County and Newfield in Gloucester County. We have not located the material that served as the basis of the report and it is unclear what taxon it refers to. Pyrenula nitida (Weigel) Ach. – Britton (1889: 383) reported this species based on material collected in Bergen by Austin. The majority of specimens originally assigned to this name are actually referable to P. pseudobufonia, however at least one (NY0-506654) is P. punctella. Pyrenula pachycheila Tuck. – Britton (1889: 384) reported this species based on material collected by Eckfeldt at Newfield in Gloucester County. We have not examined any specimens originally assigned to this name and it is unclear what taxon it would refer to. Pyrenula thelena (Ach.) Trevis. – Britton (1889: 384) reported this species based on material collected by Austin in Bergen and by Eckfeldt in Newfield on the bark of cherry trees. The taxon is now referred to as Mycomicrothelia thelena (Ach.) D. Hawksw. (Hawksworth 1985) but we did not locate any specimens filed under that name at NY. It is unclear what taxon this report corresponds to. Pyxine cocoes (Sw.) Nyl. – This species was reported by Britton (1889) and Wood (1914) as occurring in New Jersey. However, P. cocoes is a tropical species whose northern distributional limit is quite far south of New Jersey (Brodo et al. 2001). The reports could refer to P. subcinerea, however the one specimen identified as P. cocoes that we examined was Phaeophyscia sciastra (NY-1079287). Ramalina calicaris (L.) Fr. – Britton (1889: 357) reported this species from unspecified locations, stating that it was “on oaks; common.” Although this species is still listed on the North American checklist (Esslinger 2016), it was widely misapplied in the past in eastern North America to other species of Ramalina. It is unclear what taxon the report would have referred to, but many specimens we examined were R. americana. Ramalina calicaris var. canaliculata Fr. – This species was reported by Britton (1889: 357) from Closter in Bergen County and by Wood (1914). Reports of this name from North America are considered to apply to R. caliciaris (Esslinger 2016), however as is outlined in the entry for that name in this section it is unclear what species the reports refer to. Ramalina calicaris var. farinacea (L.) Rabenh. – Britton (1889: 357) reported this taxon based on saxicolous material collected by Austin in Bergen and by Eckfeldt in Warren. Although it is now treated as R. farinacea (L.) Ach., and that species occurs in New Jersey, the report refers to both R. intermedia (NY-1077803, NY-1077804, NY-1077805) and R. petrina (NY-1077807, NY-1077808). Ramalina calicaris var. fastigiata (Pers.) Fr. – This taxon was reported by Britton (1899) and could refer to R. americana and/or R. culbersoniorum. Ramalina calicaris var. fraxinea (L.) Mont. – Britton (1889: 357) reported this species as being “frequent” occurring “on old fences and trunks.” It was also reported by Torrey (1933) from Wawayanda. This name was widely misapplied historically to various apotheciate and esorediate species of Ramalina, and the material we examined correspond to R. americana (NY-1077801). Ramalina rigida Ach. – Britton (1889: 357) reported this species as being common on pines and oaks in the Pine Barrens of southern New Jersey. It was also reported by Wood (1914). We have not located any of the material that served as the basis of this report, but it likely corresponds to a R. culbersoniorum and/or R. americana. NEW JERSEY LICHENS 51 Rhizocarpon confervoides DC. – This species was reported by Moldenke (1935), however no voucher specimens originally identified under the name were located at NY. The name is not presently included on the North American Checklist (Esslinger 2016) as an accepted species, or as a synonym, and thus we exclude it here. Rhizocarpon obscuratum (Ach.) A. Massal. – This species was reported by Moldenke (1935), however no vouchers identified under the name and associated with that study were found at NY. As has been discussed in detail by Fryday (2000), the name R. obscuratum has been widely misapplied in the past and in eastern North America most records refer to R. reductum. The latter species was reported from New Jersey by Lendemer (2006) and is included in the checklist here. Rhizocarpon petraeum (Wulfen) A. Massal. – This species was reported by Moldenke (1935), however no vouchers identified under the name and associated with that study were found at NY. The species was also reported by Britton (1889: 377) under the names Buellia petraea (Wulfen) Branth & Rostr. based on material collected by Britton in northern New Jersey. The specimens collected by Britton that we have examined at NY all refer to R. grande (e.g., NY-1077823, NY-1077824). One specimen (NY-1077826) identified as R. petraeum and collected by Nearing at Beech Mountain in 1942 is referable to R. reductum while another (NY-1077822) collected by Nearing at Charlotteburg in 1937 is referable to R. grande. Rinodina constans (Nyl.) Tuck. – This species was reported by Britton (1889: 370) based on collections made by Austin in Bergen and Eckfeldt in Camden. Although the taxon is now treated as Maronea constans (Nyl.) Hepp, the vast majority of North American records previously assigned to that species actually refer to M. polyphaea (Harris 2006). Based on this, and the fact that four specimens collected by Austin (NY-01069403, NY01069404, NY-01069405, NY-01608372) belong to M. polyphaea, we here exclude M. constans from New Jersey. Rinodina sophodes (Ach.) A. Massal. – Britton (1889: 370) reported this species because of collections made by Austin in Bergen and by Eckfeldt in Sussex. Although this taxon is recognized as a distinct species, it was widely misapplied to numerous different Rinodina species in the past. This is evidenced by the fact that specimens collected by Austin represent R. cana (NY-1079456), R. maculans (NY-1079452, NY-1079453) and R. subminuta (NY-1079458). The species is here excluded from the New Jersey checklist. Rinodina sophodes var. confragosa (Ach.) Tuck. – Britton (1889: 370) reported this species based on collections made by Austin in Bergen and by Eckfeldt in Warren. Two collections made by Austin in New Jersey at NY represent R. destituta (NY-1107349) and R. tephraspis (NY-1079465). An additional collection made by Austin (NY-1068369) was originally named R. sophodes var. confragosa, however the specimen itself is missing from the collection and its identification could not be confirmed. Although this taxon is now treated as R. confragosa (Ach.) Körber (Sheard 2010) and reported from North America (Esslinger 2016), we exclude it from the New Jersey checklist. Sagedia lactea Körb. – Britton (1889: 382) reported this species based on material collected by Austin in Bergen and Eckfeldt in Camden on the branches of hickory. We have not located the material that served as the basis of the report and it is unclear what taxon it refers to. Sagedia oxyspora (Nyl.) Tuck. – Britton (1889: 383) reported this species based on material collected in Bergen by Austin and at Newfield in Gloucester County by Eckfeldt 52 BARTONIA (likely actually collected by Ellis and sent to Eckfeldt). It was reported as occurring on “poplar and white birch,” substrates that would support the identity of the material as Leptorhaphis epidermidis (Ach.) Th. Fr., which is currently treated as the correct name for S. oxyspora (Esslinger 2016). Nonetheless the specimens we examined (NY-1076102, NY-1076103) were actually referable to Julella fallaciosa. Schismatomma pericleum (Ach.) Branth & Rostr. – This species was reported by Lendemer (2006) and the identification was subsequently revised to S. graphidioides. Stereocaulon denudatum Flörke – Britton (1889: 371) reported this species based on material collected by Austin in Bergen and Eckfeldt in Sussex. It was also reported by Wood (1914). The species is now treated as S. vesuvianum Pers. (Esslinger 2016), however it is unclear what species the report refers to. Stereocaulon denudatum var. pulvinatum (Rabenh.) Flot. – Moldenke (1935) reported this taxon from New Jersey, however we have not located the original material that served as the basis of the report and it is unclear what species it refers to. Stereocaulon paschale (L.) Hoffm. – Britton (1889: 371) reported this species based on material collected by Austin in Bergen and Eckfeldt in Warren. It was also reported by Wood (1914). The species was not mapped as occurring in New Jersey by Brodo et al. (2001), and several specimens at NY are referable to S. saxatile (NY-1077273, NY1077279, NY-1077280, NY-1077281). Sticta amplissima (Scop.) Rabenh. – This taxon was reported by Britton (1889) and Wood (1914). Although still recognized as a distinct species, eastern North American reports of S. amplissima correspond to Lobaria quercizans. Sticta crocata (L.) Ach. – Britton (1889: 362) reported this species based on material collected by Austin in Bergen, Eckfeldt in Newfeld (where it was stated to be “frequent”), and Peters at Mays Landing. The taxon is now treated as Pseudocyphellaria crocata (L.) Vain., but recent research has shown that eastern North American material comprises multiple taxa (Lücking et al. 2017). Teloschistes lychneus (Ach.) Tuck. – Britton (1889: 360) reported this species based on material collected by Austin in Bergen and by Eckfeldt in Camden. The name is now treated as a synonym of Polycauliona candelaria (L.) Frödén, Arup & Søchting (Esslinger 2016), however that species does not occur in eastern North America (Lindblom 1997). It is unclear what species the report refers to as we have not located the original material. Teloschistes polycarpus (Hoffm.) Tuck. – Britton (1889: 360) reported this species based on material collected by Eckfeldt in Camden. Although it is now treated as Polycauliona polycarpa (Hoffm.) Frödén, Arup & Søchting (Esslinger 2016), that species does not occur in New Jersey (Lindblom 1997). We have not located the material that served as the basis of the original report, but it likely corresponds to Xanthomendoza hasseana (Räsänen) Søchting, Kärnefelt & S.Y. Kondr. Trypethelium cruentum Mont. – This species is now treated as Pyrenula cruenta (Mont.) Vain. (Harris 1989) and was reported by Britton (1889: 382) based on material collected by Eckfeldt in Salem. It was also reported by Wood (1914). No specimens from New Jersey that were originally identified as this taxon were located at NY or PH. While its occurrence in the region is possible given the number of subtropical species with northern range limits in southern New Jersey, the absence of vouchers and the fact it has not been subsequently collected lead us to exclude it until a voucher can be located and its identity confirmed. NEW JERSEY LICHENS 53 Umbilicaria pustulata (L.) Hoffm. – This taxon was reported by Britton (1889) and Wood (1914). Although still recognized as a distinct European species, North American reports correspond to other taxa and most reports from the eastern United States are Lasallia papulosa. Usnea barbata (L.) F.H. Wigg. – This taxon was reported by Britton (1889) and Wood (1914), however the records could represent any number of Usnea species as U. barbata was historically applied to many different taxa in North America (Esslinger 2016). Usnea barbata var. florida (L.) Fr. – This taxon was reported by Britton (1889), however the species does not occur in New Jersey and the records could refer to either U. endochrysea or U. strigosa. Usnea barbata var. dasopoga (Ach.) Ach. – This taxon was reported by Wood (1914), and while it is currently recognized as U. dasopoga Ach., that species is not known to occur in New Jersey and the records could represent any number of Usnea species. Usnea barbata var. hirta (L.) Fr. – This taxon was reported by Britton (1889: 359) as being common in “Pine woods.” While it is now recognized as U. hirta (L.) F.H. Wigg., the species is not known to occur in New Jersey and the historical reports could refer to multiple short shrubby species including U. mutabilis. Usnea barbata var. plicata (L.) Fr. – This taxon was reported by Britton (1889: 359) based on Eckfeldt collections from Camden. As is the case of several other Usnea names included here, U. barbata var. plicata was widely applied historically to multiple species with pendant thalli and it is unclear which taxa this report would correspond to today. Usnea barbata var. rubiginea Michx. – This taxon was reported by Britton (1889) and is now treated as U. strigosa subsp. rubiginea (Michx.) I. Tav., or more frequently is simply treated as a synonym of U. strigosa. The report by Britton, however, almost certainly refers to U. rubicunda. Usnea longissima Ach. – This taxon was reported by Wood (1914), however it does not occur in New Jersey (Brodo et al. 2001). The report could refer to any of the pendant Usnea species that occur in the region, including either U. merrillii or U. trichodea. Verrucaria fuscella (Turner) Winch – Britton (1889: 383) reported this species based on material collected on rocks in Sussex by Eckfeldt. We have included this name in the list of excluded species because the taxonomy of saxicolous Verrucaria from non-calcareous rocks in eastern North America is extremely poorly understood and the vouchers have not been reexamined. Verrucaria nigrescens “var. eleochrea Tuck.” – Britton (1889: 383) reported this name based on material collected on shale by Eckfeldt in Sussex. We have included this name in the list of excluded species because the taxonomy of saxicolous Verrucaria from noncalcareous rocks in eastern North America is extremely poorly understood and the vouchers have not been reexamined. Verrucaria rupestris Schrad. – Britton (1889: 383) reported this taxon based on material collected by Eckfeldt on rocks in Warren, and it was also reported by Moldenke (1935). We have included this name in the list of excluded species because the taxonomy of saxicolous Verrucaria from non-calcareous rocks in eastern North America is extremely poorly understood and the vouchers have not been reexamined. Verrucaria virens Deakin – Britton (1889: 383) reported this species from the same locality as V. rupestris. We have included this name in the list of excluded species because the taxonomy of saxicolous Verrucaria from non-calcareous rocks in eastern North America is extremely poorly understood and the vouchers have not been reexamined. 54 BARTONIA Xanthoria fulva (Hoffm.) Poelt & Petut. – This species was reported by Lendemer (2004) but the material from New Jersey is now treated as Xanthomendoza weberi (Knudsen et al. 2011). Xanthoria polycarpa (Hoffm.) Th. Fr. – This species was reported by Wood (1914) and the report likely corresponds to Xanthomendoza hasseana. Refer to the entry for Teloschistes polycarpus in this section for additional details. Xylographa parallela (Ach.) Fr. – This species was reported by Wood (1914), however the two specimens we examined represented other species of Xylographa. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The first author thanks I. M. Brodo, Stephen Clayden, Richard Harris, Malcolm Hodges, Fred Olday, and the second author for guidance and encouragement. Waters also acknowledges the important role of Joerg Henner-Lotze at the Eagle Hill Institute in fostering lichenological education. The second author thanks the following for their companionship in the field: J.L. Allen, W. Bien, D. Hewitt, B.P. Hodkinson, N. Howe, S. Joneson, A. Moroz, W. Roberts, A.E. Schuyler, A. Suggs. Lendemer also thanks Gerry Moore and Alfred Schuyler for their mentorship during his tenure at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, and to Richard Harris and Bill Buck for their mentorship during his tenure at the New York Botanical Garden and City University of New York. LITERATURE CITED ALLEN, J. L. AND N. M. HOWE. 2016. 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A revised checklist of the lichenized, lichenicolous and allied fungi of New Jersey

A revised checklist of the lichenized, lichenicolous and allied fungi of New Jersey

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