Zootaxa 4122 (1): 696–707
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ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition)
ZOOTAXA
Article
Copyright © 2016 Magnolia Press
ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition)
http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.60
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:EE9B44B0-420F-41A1-A461-EBDE8D3CF32B
FAMILY CHLOROPIDAE
PAULA RAILE RICCARDI
Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo. Av. Bandeirantes, 3900. 14040-901. Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil. E-mail:. paula_riccardi@yahoo.com.br
Abstract
The Chloropidae representatives from Colombia are poorly known, and are represented by one Shiphonellopsinae genus,
five Chloropinae genera and 19 Oscinellinae genera, in a total of 46 described species.
Key words: catalogue, Chloropidae, Colombia, Distribution, Diversity
Introduction
Chloropids are commonly known as grass flies, and are usually yellow or black, ranging from 1.5 to 5 mm in
length, rarely longer. Their diagnostic characters are the presence of propleural carina; well developed frontal
triangle, and reduced cephalic chaetotaxy. Other distinctive characteristics are found in this group, such as CuA1
vein with a more or less distinctive flexure near the basis, costal vein with only subcostal break, cup and bm-cu
cells absent and scutum of pale specimens frequently with three to five longitudinal stripes.
Chloropidae are usually found in low vegetation, but they have a wider range of habits. In the Neotropical
region, feeding habits are particularly poorly known, but data from other regions suggest the larvae of many
species are saprophagous, some phytophagous and few are gall inducers and predaceous. Gall inducers are known
just for temperate regions and, although there is no record of this habit for the Neotropics, some Neotropical genera
as Chlorops Meigen and Homaluroides Sabrosky are known as gall inducers in other regions (Bruyn 2005). The
larvae of Pseudogaurax Malloch prey spider eggs, mantis ootecae (P. signatus) and lepidopteran pupae (Barnes et
al. 1992). Species of Hippelates Loew and Liohippelates Duda are vectors of some eye diseases in humans
(Paganelli & Sabrosky 1993).
The family is traditionally divided into three subfamilies: Siphonellopsinae, Chloropinae and Oscinellinae,
distributed worldwide. The three subfamilies occur in Colombia, with one genus of Shiphonellopsinae (the only
one known for the Neotropical region), five Chloropinae genera and 19 Oscinellinae genera, totalizing 46
described species (Table 1). This catalog was organized based on the literature (Adams 1908; Aldrich 1931; Becker
1912; Becker 1916; Coquillett 1900; Enderlein 1911a; Enderlein 1913; Malloch 1913c; Paganelli 2002; Sabrosky
1955; Sabrosky 1974; Sabrosky & Paganelli 1984; Wheeler & Forrest 2002; Wheeler & Forrest 2003; Wiedemann
1830; Williston 1896).
Acronyms used for the depositories
CAS—Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, USA
DEI—Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Münchenberg, Germany
MNHNP—Muséum National d´Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
MNHUB—Nuseum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität, Berlin, Germany
MZUSP—Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
NMW—Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien, Austria
696 Accepted by S. Nihei: 10 Apr. 2015; published: 14 Jun. 2016
PAN—Museum of the Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
USNM—National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C., USA
SMT—Staatliche Naturhistorische Sammlungen Dresden, Museum für Tierkunde, Dresden, Germany
ZMKU—Zoologiske Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark
ZMUH—Zoologisches Institut und Zoologisches Museum, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
List of abbreviations
aut.—automatic
cat. —catalogue
col.—collector
des.—designation
distr. —geographic distribution
i.e. —example
m.—meters
mon.—monotypy
orig. des.—by original designation
pp.—pages
preocc.—preoccupied
refs. —references
rev.—revision
sp., spp.—species
ssp. —subspecies
subs.—Subsequent
subg.—subgenus
HT —Holotype
NT—Neotype
PT—Paratype
LT—Lectotype
ST—Syntype
T—Type (unspecified)
NA—Not applicable
F (#)—Female
M (#)—Male
Catalogue of Chloropidae of Colombia
Family Chloropidae Rondani, 1856
Subfamily Siphonellopsinae Duda, 1932
Genus Apotropina Hendel
Ectropa Schiner, 1868: 242 (preocc. Wallengren, 1863). Type species, Ectropa viduata Schiner, 1868 (mon.). Ref.: Sabrosky &
Paganelli, 1984: 3 (cat.).
Apotropina Hendel, 1907: 98 (nom. nov. for Ectropa Schiner, 1868). Type species, Ectropa viduata Schiner, 1868 (aut.).
Lasiopleura Becker, 1919: 130. Type species, Oscinis longepilosa Strobl, 1893 (mon.).
Pseudohippelates Malloch, 1913a: 261. Type species, Hippelates capax Coquillett, 1898 (orig. des.).
Omochaeta Duda, 1930: 58. Type species, Oscinosoma specularifrons Enderlein, 1911 (sub. des., Sabrosky, 1941b: 759).
infumata (Becker), 1916: 452 (Oscinella). Type locality: Colombia, Aracataca. 1 T [HNHM, probably lost]. Distr.:
Colombia (Magdalena (Aracataca)). Refs.: Becker, 1916: 452; Sabrosky & Paganelli, 1984: 4 (cat.).
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Subfamily Chloropinae Rondani, 1856
Genus Chlorops Meigen
Chlorops Meigen, 1803: 278. Type species, Musca pumilionis Bjerkander, 1778 (subs. des. by I. C. Z. N., 1955: 423). Ref.:
Sabrosky & Paganelli, 1984: 35(cat.).
ferrugineus Duda, 1930: 122. Type locality: “Cordilleren” [Colombia, from presumed HT in MNHUB]. Distr.:
Colombia. Refs.: Paganelli, 2002: 29; Sabrosky & Paganelli, 1984: 35 (cat.).
Genus Parectecephala Becker
Parectecephala Becker, 1910: 105. Type species, Oscinis longicornis Fallén, 1820 (sub. des., Duda, 1933: 208). Ref.:
Sabrosky & Paganelli, 1984: 38 (cat.).
brevis (Becker), 1916: 446 (Chlorops). Type locality: Colombia, Barranquilla. 1 T [HNHM, probably lost]. Distr.:
Colombia (Atlántico (Barranquilla)). Refs.: Becker, 1916: 447; Paganelli, 2002: 48; Sabrosky & Paganelli, 1984:
38 (cat.).
Genus Pseudopachychaeta Strobl
Pseudopachychaeta Strobl, 1902: 500. Type species, Diplotoxa (Pseudopachychaeta) pachycera Strobl, 1902 (mon.). Ref.:
Sabrosky & Paganelli, 1984: 39 (cat.).
undet. sp. Colombia, Ecuador. Refs.: Paganelli, 2002: 26; Sabrosky & Paganelli, 1984: 39 (cat.).
Genus Thaumatomyia Zenker
Thaumatomyia Zenker, 1833: 344. Type species, Thaumatomyia prodigiosa Zenker, 1833 (mon.) = Thaumatomyia notata
(Meigen, 1830). Ref.: Sabrosky & Paganelli, 1984: 40 (cat.).
Chloropisca Loew, 1866b: 79. Type species, Chlorops glabra Meigen, 1830 (sub. des., Coquillett, 1910: 522).
glabrina (Becker), 1912: 138 (Chloropisca). Type locality: Peru, Cuzco. LT M (#) [SMT, designated by Sabrosky
& Paganelli, 1984: 40] and near Urubamba, 3200 m. Distr.: Costa Rica, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Argentina
(Tucumán). Refs.: Paganelli, 2002: 33; Sabrosky & Paganelli, 1984: 40 (cat.).
sulfurifrons (Duda), 1930: 124 (Chloropisca). Type locality: “Costa Rica” [Farm La Caja, near San José, from
presumed HT M (#) (Sabrosky, 1943: 112), now to be interpreted as LT in view of a recently discovered presumed
ST in MNHUB; the LT was in ZMH, now destroyed]. Distr.: U.S.A. (Arizona to Texas), Mexico (Chiahuahua,
Jalisco, Michoacán, Puebla, San Luís Potosí, Sonora, Veracruz), Costa Rica, Colombia, Ecuador. Refs.: Paganelli,
2002: 33; Sabrosky & Paganelli, 1984: 41 (cat.).
Genus Trigonomma Enderlein
Trigonomma Enderlein, 1911b: 124. Type species, Trigonomma lippulum Enderlein, 1911 (orig. des.). Ref.: Sabrosky &
Paganelli, 1984: 41 (cat.).
Beckerella Enderlein, 1911b: 122. Type species, Beckerella speculifrons Enderlein, 1911 (orig. des.).
Epichlorops Becker of Duda, 1931.
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albipes (Wiedemann), 1830: 595 (Chlorops). Type locality: “South America”. T F (#) [ZMKU, lost]. Distr.:
Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Guyana, Surinam, Trinidad, Peru. Refs.: Paganelli, 2002: 35; Sabrosky
& Paganelli, 1984: 41 (cat.); Wiedemann, 1830: 595.
Incertae sedis species
columbiana (Becker), 1912: 149 (Chlorops) strigata Duda, 1930: 122 (Chloropisca). Type locality: Colombia,
Fusagasuga. 1 T M (#) [PAN]. Distr.: Colombia (Cundinamarca (Fusagasuga)), Peru. Refs.: Becker, 1912: 150;
Paganelli, 2002: 35; Sabrosky & Paganelli, 1984: 40 (cat.).
Subfamily Oscinellinae Becker, 1910
Genus Apallates Sabrosky
Apallates Sabrosky, 1980: 417. Type species, Oscinis dissidens Tucker, 1908 (orig. des.). Ref.: Sabrosky & Paganelli, 1984: 5
(cat.).
Hippelates, part, and Oscinella, part, of authors.
Hippelates, dissidens group of Sabrosky, 1941a: 25.
columbianus (Enderlein), 1911a: 217 (Oscinosoma). Type locality: "Colombia". 1 T F (#) [PAN]. Distr.: Mexico
(Veracruz), Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia. Refs.: Enderlein, 1911a: 218; Sabrosky & Paganelli, 1984: 5 (cat.).
convexus (Loew), 1866a: 184 (Cent. 6, no. 94) (Hippelates). Type locality: Cuba. [T not located]. Distr.: Mexico
(Sonora, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatán), Guatemala, Nicaragua, Panama, Bermuda, Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica,
Haiti, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, St. Vincent, Trinidad, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador,
Bolivia, Brazil (Goiás, Rio de Janeiro, Pernambuco), and Argentina (Corrientes, Misiones, Salta). Ref.: Sabrosky
& Paganelli, 1984: 5 (cat.).
fur (Williston), 1896: 425 (Oscinis). Type locality: St. Vincent. 10 ST [coll. not specified)]. Distr.: Mexico
(Colima, Guanajuato, Jalisco, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Veracruz), Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica,
Colombia, St. Vincent. Refs.: Sabrosky & Paganelli, 1984: 6 (cat.); Williston, 1896: 425.
magnicornis (Duda), 1930: 109 (Lioscinella). Type locality: Not stated [Costa Rica, Farm La Caja, near San José,
from presumed ST in ZMUH, now destroyed, and in MNHUB and DEI]. Distr.: Mexico (Veracruz), Guatemala, El
Salvador, Costa Rica, Colombia, Ecuador. Ref.: Sabrosky & Paganelli, 1984: 6 (cat.).
subtomentosus (Enderlein), 1911a: 228 (Tropidoscinis). Type locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina. 2 ST F (#) [PAN].
Distr.: Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina). Refs.: Enderlein, 1911a: 228; Sabrosky &
Paganelli, 1984: 8 (cat.).
tener (Coquillett), 1900: 265 (Hippelates). Type locality: Puerto Rico (Utuado and Fajardo). 1 T [USNM, n°4385].
Distr.: U.S.A. (Texas, Florida), Mexico (Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatán), Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa
Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela. Refs.: Coquillett 1900: 266; Sabrosky & Paganelli, 1984: 8 (cat.).
viridiniger (Enderlein), 1911a: 192 (Hippelates). Type locality: Brazil (Santa Catarina). 1 T M (#) [PAN]. Distr.:
El Salvador, Costa Rica, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina). Refs.:
Enderlein, 1911a: 193; Sabrosky & Paganelli, 1984: 8 (cat.).
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Genus Biorbitella Sabrosky
Biorbitella Sabrosky, 1980: 420. Type species, Oscinella hesperia Sabrosky, 1940 (orig. des.). Ref.: Sabrosky & Paganelli,
1984: 8 (cat.).
nigronotata (Duda), 1930: 111 (Lioscinella). Type locality: "Costa Rica" [Farm La Caja, near San José, from
presumed ST in ZMH, now destroyed, and ST in MNHUB and a ST in DEI]. Distr.: Guatemala, Costa Rica,
Colombia, Peru. Ref.: Sabrosky & Paganelli, 1984: 8 (cat.).
orbitalis (Duda), 1930: 98 (Neoolcanabates). Type locality: "Costa Rica" [Farm La Caja, near San José, from
presumed T series in ZMH, now destroyed, and ST in MNHUB and DEI]. Distr.: Mexico (Hidalgo), Guatemala,
Costa Rica, Colombia. Ref.: Sabrosky & Paganelli, 1984: 8 (cat.).
rubicunda (Becker), 1912: 213 (Oscinella). Type locality: Bolivia, Lorenzopata and Sarampiuní. 2 ST [SMT, 3 ST
in the original description]. Distr.: Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil (Rio de Janeiro). Refs.:
Becker, 1912: 214; Sabrosky & Paganelli, 1984: 8 (cat.).
Genus Cadrema Walker
Cadrema Walker, 1859: 117. Type species, lonchopteroides Walker, 1859 (mon.). Ref.: Sabrosky & Paganelli, 1984: 9 (cat.).
Prohippelates Malloch, 1913a: 260. Type species, Hippelates palidus Loew, 1866 (orig. des.).
Palaeogaurax Duda, 1930: 57. Type species, Hippelates pallidus Loew, 1866 (Sabrosky, 1941b: 761).
pallida (Loew), 1866a: 184 (Cent. 6, no. 93) (Hippelates). Type locality:"Cuba". [T not not located]. Distr.: U.S.A.
(s. Florida), Bermuda, Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Antigua, St. Vincent, Barbados, Panama, Colombia,
Clipperton Island, Ecuador (Galapagos Islands). Refs.: Sabrosky & Paganelli, 1984: 9 (cat.); Wheeler & Forrest,
2003: 268.
Genus Chaetochlorops Malloch
Chaetochlorops Malloch, 1914: 120. Type species, Siphonella inquilina Coquillett (orig. des.). Ref.: Sabrosky & Paganelli,
1984: 9 (cat.).
scutellaris (Becker), 1916: 449 (Siphonella). Type locality: Costa Rica, Higuito, San Mateo. 1 T [HNHM,
probably lost]. Distr.: Guatemala, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela. Refs.: Becker, 1916:
449; Sabrosky & Paganelli, 1984: 9 (cat.).
Genus Conioscinella Duda
Oscinella, subg. Conioscinella Duda, 1929: 166. Type species, Oscinella soluta Becker, 1912 (Sabrosky, 1941b: 751). Ref.:
Sabrosky & Paganelli, 1984: 9 (cat.).
inconspicua (Becker), 1916: 452 (Oscinella). Type locality: Colombia, Aracataca. 1 T [HNHM, probably lost].
Distr.: Colombia (Magdalena (Aracataca)). Refs.: Becker, 1916: 452 ; Sabrosky & Paganelli, 1984: 10 (cat.).
Genus Discogastrella Enderlein
Discogastrella Enderlein, 1911a: 200. Type species, Discogastrella gruenbergi Enderlein, 1911 (orig. des.). Ref.: Sabrosky &
Paganelli, 1984: 12 (cat.).
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gruenbergi Enderlein, 1911a: 201. Type-localily: Brazil, Santa Catarina. 28 ST [PAN, 40 ST in the original
description]. Distr.: Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama, Trinidad, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil (Distrito
Federal, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Argentina (Chaco, Misiones, Salta,
Tucumán). Refs.: Enderlein, 1911a: 201; Sabrosky & Paganelli, 1984: 12 (cat.).
Genus Elachiptera Macquart
Elachiptera Macquart, 1835: 621. Type species, Chorops brevipennis Meigen, 1830 (orig. des.). Ref.: Sabrosky & Paganelli,
1984: 12 (cat).
Melanochaeta, authors, in part.
Gampsocera Schiner of Becker (1912, 1916) and Enderlein (1911).
attenuata (Adams), 1908: 152 (Crassiseta). Type locality: Costa Rica, San José. 1 T [coll. not specified]. Distr.:
Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Colombia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Easter Id, Jamaica. Refs.: Adams, 1908:
152; Sabrosky & Paganelli, 1984: 13 (cat.); Wheeler & Forrest 2002: 5.
dubiosa (Becker), 1916: 448 (Gampsocera). Type locality: Colombia, Aracataca. 1 T [HNHM, probably lost].
Distr.: Colombia (Magdalena (Aracataca)), Brazil (Rio de Janeiro). Refs.: Becker, 1916: 449; Sabrosky &
Paganelli, 1984: 13 (cat.).
flavida Williston, 1896: 417. Type locality: St. Vincent Is. 10 ST [coll. not specified]. Distr.: Colombia, St.
Vincent. Refs.: Sabrosky & Paganelli, 1984: 13 (cat.); Williston, 1896: 417
Genus Eugaurax Malloch
Eugaurax Malloch, 1913b: 46. Type species, Eugaurax floridensis Malloch, 1913 (orig. des.). Ref.: Sabrosky & Paganelli,
1984: 14 (cat.).
setigena Sabrosky, 1974: 347. Type locality: Guyana, Georgetown. HT F (#) [USNM]. Distr.: Colombia, Guyana.
Refs.: Sabrosky, 1974: 348; Sabrosky & Paganelli, 1984: 14 (cat.).
Genus Fiebrigella Duda
Fiebrigella Duda, 1921: 123, 143. Type species, Fiebrigella verrucosa Duda, 1921 (orig. des., as "n. gen. n. sp."). Ref.:
Sabrosky & Paganelli, 1984: 14-15 (cat.).
Goniopsis Duda, 1929: 166 (Preoccupied Haan, 1835, and Melichar, 1899). Type species, Goniopsis verrucosa Duda, 1929
(mon.) = boliviensis Sabrosky.
Goniopsita Duda, 1930: 69, 72. Type species, Goniopsis verrucosa Duda, 1929 (Sabrosky, 1941b: 753) = boliviensis Sabrosky.
Laccometopa Duda, 1930: 69, 72. Type species, Siphonella breviventris Becker, 1916 (mon.).
Mimoscinis Malloch, 1934: 432 (as Oscinosoma subgenus). Type species, Oscinosoma maculiventris Malloch (mon.).
Teleocoma Aldrich, 1924: 1. Type species, crassipes Aldrich, 1924 (orig. des.).
breviventris (Becker), 1916: 449 (Siphonella). Type locality: Colombia, Barranquilla. 1 T [HNHM, probably lost].
Distr.: Colombia (Atlantico (Barranquilla)). Refs.: Becker, 1916 : 449; Sabrosky & Paganelli, 1984: 15 (cat.).
Genus Goniaspis Duda
Goniaspis Duda, 1930: 59. Type species, Cadrema rubra Becker, 1916; Duda, 1931: 165. Refs.: Sabrosky & Paganelli, 1984:
16 (cat.).
Palaeoenderleiniella Duda, 1930: 57. Type species, Cadrema rubra Becker, 1916 (Sabrosky, 1941b: 761).
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rubra (Becker), 1916: 451 (Cadrema). Type locality: Colombia, Sierra San Lorenzo. 1 T [HNHM, probably lost].
Distr.: Colombia (Magdalena (Sierra San Lorenzo)), Ecuador. Refs.: Becker, 1916: 451; Sabrosky & Paganelli,
1984: 16 (cat.).
subequalis (Malloch), 1913c: 257 (Hippelales). Type locality: “West Indies” Montserrat. T [USNM, n° 15967].
Distr.: Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Montserrat, Trinidad, Brazil (Rio de Janeiro). Refs.:
Malloch, 1913c: 257; Sabrosky & Paganelli, 1984: 16 (cat.).
Genus Hippelates Loew
Hippelates Loew, 1863: 35, 36 (Cent. 3, no. 67. 68). Type species, Hippelates plebejus Loew, 1863 (sub. des. Coquillett, 1910:
552. Ref.: Sabrosky & Paganelli, 1984: 16 (cat.).
Hippelates, subgenus Siphomyia Williston, 1896: 418. Type species, Hippelates proboscideus Williston, 1896 (subs. des.
Coquillett, 1910: 606).
Palaeoconioscinella Duda, 1930: 57. Type species, Hippelates proboscideus Williston, 1896 (subs. des. Sabrosky, 1941b: 24).
Hippelates plebejus group of Sabrosky, 1941a: 24.
annulatus Enderlein, 1911a: 192. Type locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina. 1 T F (#) [PAN]. Distr.: Guatemala, Costa
Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina), Uruguay, Argentina (Buenos Aires,
Corrientes, Jujuy), Chile. Refs.: Enderlein, 1911a: 192; Sabrosky & Paganelli, 1984: 17 (cat.).
pehlkei Enderlein, 1911a: 191. Type locality: "Colombia" Hacienda Pehlke or Hacienda Hamburgo, near Victoria.
1 T F (#) [PAN]. Distr.: Colombia (Caldas (Hacienda Pehlke or Hacienda Hamburgo, near Victoria)). Refs.:
Enderlein, 1911a: 192; Sabrosky & Paganelli, 1984: 18 (cat.).
selectus Becker, 1912: 165. Type locality: Peru, Cuzco & Callanga. ST [HNHM, probably lost; SMT, 4 ST]. Distr.:
Colombia, Ecuador, Peru. Refs.: Becker, 1912: 166; Sabrosky & Paganelli, 1984: 18 (cat.).
Genus Liohippelates Duda
Hippelates subg. Liohippelates Duda, 1929; 165, 169. Type species, Hippelates pusio Loew, 1872 (subs. Des. Sabrosky,
1941b: 755. Ref.: Sabrosky & Paganelli, 1984: 19 (cat.).
Stenoprosopon Duda, 1930: 59, 68. Type species, Oscinella satanas Becker, 1912 (mon.).
Stratiomicroneurum Duda, 1933: 198, 199. Type species, Stratiomicroneurum microneurinum Duda, 1933 (orig. des.).
Neohippelates Roberts, 1934: 252, nomen nudum.
Hippelates pusio group of Sabrosky, 1941a: 23.
aequatorialis (Becker), 1912: 171 (Hippelates). Type locality: Ecuador, El Angel and Peru, Callanga. ST [HMNH
and MNHNP]. Distr.: Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil (Santa Catarina), Argentina (Jujuy, La Pampa, La Rioja, Rio
Negro, San Luis, Tucumán). Refs.: Becker, 1912: 171; Sabrosky & Paganelli, 1984: 19 (cat.).
australis (Sabrosky), 1955: 45 (Hippelates). Type locality: Argentina, Rio Negro, Bariloche. HT M (#) [USNM, n°
62373]. Distr.: Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Argentina (Chubut, Mendoza, Neuquén, Rio Negro, Tucumán), Chile,
Islas Juan Fernandez. Refs.: Sabrosky, 1955: 46; Sabrosky & Paganelli, 1984: 19 (cat.).
currani (Aldrich), 1931: 70 (Hippelates; nom. nov. for collusor Curran, 1926). Type locality: Virgin Islands, St.
Thomas, Chalotte Amalie. T [CAS, lost]. Distr.: Mexico (Tamaulipas), Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama,
Cuba, Jamaica, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, St. Vincent, Trinidad, Tobago, Colombia,
Venezuela, Ecuador, Brazil (Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso, Pará, Paraíba, Rio de Janeiro). Refs.: Aldrich, 1931: 70;
Sabrosky & Paganelli, 1984: 20 (cat.).
femoralis (Duda), 1929: 165 (as Hippelates pusio var.). Type locality: Bolivia, Buena Vista, 80 km NW of Santa
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Cruz de La Sierra. 1 T [SMT]. Distr.: Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil (Rio de janeiro), Argentina (Jujuy, Salta,
Tucumán). Ref.: Sabrosky & Paganelli, 1984: 20 (cat.).
flavipes (Loew), 1866a: 184 (Cent. 6, no. 95) (Hippelates). Type locality: "Cuba". T [HNHM]. Distr.: Mexico
(Nayarit, Oaxaca, Veracruz), all Central America, Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Puerto
Rico, Virgin Islands, Antigua, Guadeloupe, Dominica, St. Lucia, Barbados, St. Vincent, Grenada, Trinidad,
Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil (Bahia, Mato Grosso, Pará, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Santa
Catarina, São Paulo), Argentina (Misiones). Ref.: Sabrosky & Paganelli, 1984: 20 (cat.).
peruanus (Becker), 1912: 170 (Hippelates). Type locality: Peru, Vilcanota; Argentina, San Pablo; Paraguay,
Asunción.T [HNHM]. Distr.: U.S.A. (Florida), Mexico (Morelos, Tamaulipas, Veracruz), Guatemala, Nicaragua,
Costa Rica, Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Guadeloupe,
Trinidad, Tobago, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil (Ceará, Pará, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Santa
Catarina, São Paulo), Paraguay, Argentina (Chaco, Corrientes, Formosa, Jujuy, Misiones, Salta, Tucumán). Refs.:
Becker, 1912: 171; Sabrosky & Paganelli, 1984: 21 (cat.).
tibialis Duda, 1930: 67. Type locality: Not stated [Peru, Chanchamayo and Meshagua (Rio Urubamba), from
presumed ST in SMT, and Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Petrópolis, from presumed ST in MZUSP]. Distr.: Guatemala,
Panama, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil (Ceará, Pará, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo),
Paraguay, Argentina (Misiones). Ref.: Sabrosky & Paganelli, 1984: 22 (cat.).
Genus Lioscinella Duda
Oscinella subg. Lioscinella Duda, 1929: 168, 169. Type species, Oscinosoma sulfurihalterata Enderlein, 1911 (subs. des.
Sabrosky, 1941b: 755). Ref.: Sabrosky & Paganelli, 1984: 22 (cat.).
prosthiomelas (Enderlein), 1913: 366 (Siphonella, as speculigera var.). Type locality: Colombia, Hacienda Pehlke,
near Victoria. 23 ST [PAN, 28 ST in the original description]. Distr.: Costa Rica, Colombia (Caldas (Hacienda
Pehlke, near Victoria)). Refs.: Enderlein 1913: 367; Sabrosky & Paganelli, 1984: 22 (cat.).
Genus Monochaetoscinella Duda
Monochaetoscinella Duda, 1930: 107. Type species, Oscinis anonyma Williston, 1896; (Duda, 1931: 166). Ref.: Sabrosky &
Paganelli, 1984: 24 (cat.).
anonyma (Williston), 1896: 423 (Oscinis). Type locality: St. Vincent. 2 ST [coll. not specified]. Distr.: U.S.A.
(Arizona, Texas, Florida), Mexico (Aguascalientes, Baja California, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Michoacán, Morelos, San
Luis Potosí, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatán), Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica,
Panama, Bermuda, Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Dominica,
St. Vincent, Trinidad, Colombia, Ecuador (Galápagos Islands), Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil
(Pará, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Argentina (Corrientes). Refs.: Sabrosky & Paganelli, 1984: 24
(cat); Wheeler & Forrest, 2003: 276; Williston, 1896: 423.
Genus Olcanabates Enderlein
Olcanabates Enderlein, 1911a: 189. Type species, Olcanabates strigatus Enderlein, 1911 (orig. des.). Ref.: Sabrosky &
Paganelli, 1984: 25 (cat.).
Hippelatinus Enderlein, 1911a: 193. Type species, Hippelatinus calcaratus Enderlein, 1911 (orig. des.).
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703
flavidulus (Malloch), 1913c: 256 (Hippelates). Type locality: West Indies, Montserrat. 1 T M (#) [USNM, n°
15966]. Distr.: El Salvador, Panama, Colombia, Guyana, Montserrat. Refs.: Malloch 1913c: 257; Sabrosky &
Paganelli, 1984: 25 (cat.).
Genus Oscinella Becker
Oscinella Becker, 1909: 120. Type species, Musca frit Linnaeus, designated under the plenary power (I. C. Z. N., 1978: 203).
Ref.: Sabrosky & Paganelli, 1984: 27 (cat.).
ujhelyi Duda, 1930: 105. Type locality: Colombia, Sierra San Lorenzo, from presumed HT in HNHM, now
headless. Distr.: Colombia (Magdalena (Sierra San Lorenzo)). Ref.: Sabrosky & Paganelli, 1984: 28 (cat.).
Genus Pseudogaurax Malloch
Pseudogaurax Malloch, 1915: 159. Type species, Gaurax anchora Loew, 1866 (orig. des.). Ref.: Sabrosky & Paganelli, 1984:
29 (cat.).
Pseudogaurax Duda, 1930: 86. Type species, Gaurax interruptus Becker, 1912 (mon.). Homonym and synonym of
Pseudogaurax Malloch.
Mimogaurax Hall, 1937: 257. New name for Pseudogaurax Duda.
Gaurax Loew of Becker (1912) and Duda (1930).
immaculatus Becker, 1916: 450 (Gaurax). Type locality: Colombia, Sierra San Lorenzo. 1 T [HNHM, probably
lost]. Distr.: Colombia (Magdalena (Sierra San Lorenzo)). Refs.: Becker, 1916: 451; Sabrosky & Paganelli, 1984:
29 (cat.).
Genus Rhopalopterum Duda
Oscinella, subg. Rhopalopterum Duda, 1929: 167, Type species, Oscinella limitata Becker, 1912 (mon.). Ref.: Sabrosky &
Paganelli, 1984: 31 (cat.).
Rhopaloplernum Duda, 1930: 107. Type species, Oscinella limitata Becker (Duda, 1931: 166). Probably error or emendation
for Rhopalopterum Duda, 1929.
limitatum (Becker), 1912: 211 (Oscinella). Type locality: Haiti. T [coll. Melander]. Distr.: U.S.A. (Florida),
Mexico (San Luis Potosí, Veracruz), Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama, Bermuda, Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, Dominican
Republic, Puerto Rico, Trinidad, Colombia, Venezuela. Refs.: Becker, 1612: 211; Sabrosky & Paganelli, 1984: 31
(cat.).
Genus Tricimba Lioy
Tricimba Lioy, 1864: 1125. Type species, Oscinis lineella Fallén, 1820 (Enderlein, 1911a: 207). Ref.: Sabrosky & Paganelli,
1984: 32 (cat.).
Microchaetaspis Duda, 1930: 77. Type species, Microchaetaspis crassiseta Duda, 1930 (Duda, 1931: 165).
Hammaspis Duda, 1930: 76. Type species, Tricimba spinigera Malloch, 1913 (mon.).
brevipila Duda, 1930: 78. Type locality: Not stated [Costa Rica, Farm La Caja, near San José, from presumed HT
in ZMH, now destroyed]. Distr.: Honduras, Costa Rica, Colombia. Ref.: Sabrosky & Paganelli, 1984: 32 (cat.).
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RICCARDI
TABLE 1. Chloropidae species recorded from Colombia.
Subfamily
Genus
Species
Author
Siphonellopsinae
Apotropina
infumata
(Becker, 1916)
Chloropinae
Chlorops
ferrugineus
Duda, 1930
Parectecephala
brevis
(Becker, 1930)
Pseudopachychaeta
sp.
Paganelli, 2002
Thaumatomyia
glabrina
(Becker, 1912)
sulfurifrons
(Duda, 1930)
albipes
(Wiedemann, 1830)
columbiana
Becker, 1912
columbianus
(Enderlein, 1911)
convexus
(Loew, 1866)
fur
(Williston, 1896)
magnicornis
(Duda, 1930)
subtomentosus
(Enderlein, 1911)
tener
(Coquillett, 1900)
viridiniger
(Enderlein, 1911)
nigronotata
(Duda, 1930)
orbitalis
(Duda, 1930)
rubicunda
(Becker, 1912)
Cadrema
pallida
(Loew, 1866)
Chaetochlorops
scutellaris
(Becker, 1916)
Conioscinella
inconspicua
(Becker, 1916)
Discogastrella
gruenbergi
Enderlein, 1911
Elachiptera
attenuata
(Adams, 1908)
dubiosa
(Becker, 1916)
flavida
Williston, 1896
Eugaurax
setigena
Sabrosky, 1974
Fiebrigella
breviventris
(Becker, 1916)
Goniaspis
rubra
(Becker, 1916)
subequalis
(Malloch, 1913)
annulatus
Enderlein, 1911
pehlkei
Enderlein, 1911
selectus
Becker, 1912
aequatorialis
(Becker, 1912)
australis
(Sabrosky, 1955)
currani
(Aldrich, 1931)
femoralis
(Duda, 1929)
flavipes
(Loew, 1866)
peruanus
(Becker, 1912)
tibialis
Duda, 1930
Lioscinella
prosthiomelas
(Enderlein, 1913)
Monochaetoscinella
anonyma
(Williston, 1896)
Trigonomma
Incertae sedis
Oscinellinae
Apallates
Biorbitella
Hippelates
Liohippelates
...continued on next page
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TABLE 1. (Continued)
Subfamily
Genus
Species
Author
Olcanabates
flavidulus
(Malloch, 1913)
Oscinella
ujhelyi
Duda, 1930
Pseudogaurax
immaculatus
(Becker, 1916)
Rhopalopterum
limitatum
(Becker, 1912)
Tricimba
brevipila
Duda, 1930
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