A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns

Carlos Sánchez Ocharan

Throughout the history of the classification of extant ferns (monilophytes) and lycophytes, familial and generic concepts have been in great flux. For the organisation of lycophytes and ferns in herbaria, books, checklists, indices and spore banks and on the internet, this poses a problem, and a standardized linear sequence of these plants is therefore in great need. We provide here a linear classification to the extant lycophytes and ferns based on current phylogenetic knowledge; this provides a standardized guide for organisation of fern collections into a more natural sequence. Two new families, Diplaziopsidaceae and Rhachidosoraceae, are here introduced.

Phytotaxa 19: 7–54 (2011) www.mapress.com/ phytotaxa / Copyright © 2011 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) PHYTOTAXA ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns MAARTEN J. M. CHRISTENHUSZ1, 2, XIAN-CHUN ZHANG3 & HARALD SCHNEIDER2 1 Botany Unit, Finnish Museum of Natural History, Postbox 7, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland. E-mail: maarten.christenhusz@helsinki.fi 2 Department of Botany, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom. E-mail: h.schneider@nhm.ac.uk 3 State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China. E-mail: zhangxc@ibcas.ac.cn Abstract Throughout the history of the classification of extant ferns (monilophytes) and lycophytes, familial and generic concepts have been in great flux. For the organisation of lycophytes and ferns in herbaria, books, checklists, indices and spore banks and on the internet, this poses a problem, and a standardized linear sequence of these plants is therefore in great need. We provide here a linear classification to the extant lycophytes and ferns based on current phylogenetic knowledge; this provides a standardized guide for organisation of fern collections into a more natural sequence. Two new families, Diplaziopsidaceae and Rhachidosoraceae, are here introduced. Key words: club mosses, fern classification, floras, herbarium curation, monilophytes, synonymy, new families, pteridophytes, synonymy Introduction The taxonomic treatment of extant ferns (monilophytes) and lycophytes and the varying opinions throughout the history of fern classification are problematic for those who need to organise collections of ferns and lycophytes. Linear sequences of plant families are useful for herbarium curators who wish to arrange collections systematically rather than alphabetically. Linear sequences are also beneficial for organising ferns and lycophytes systematically in floras, books, indices, checklists, conservation assessments and listings on the internet. Most importantly a number of large herbaria (e.g. BM, E, H, K, L, P, QBG, WA) are currently in the process of reorganising (at least part of) their collections, requiring linear classifications (J. A. Wearn, RBG Kew, pers. comm.). Linear sequences for angiosperms based on modern phylogenetic studies are available based on APG-III (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2009, Haston et al. 2009), which these herbaria plan to follow, but a modern sequence for ferns and lycophytes has not thus far been published. Our linear classification stands in the tradition of a universally ignored linear system by Crabbe et al. (1975), who proposed a system for managing fern collections based on the knowledge available at the time. However, they felt that ‘the family concept was still in a state of flux, needing considerable monographic work at the genus and species level’, so they provided their higher classification tentatively and only as a general layout to organize the genera. They organized the ferns and ‘fern allies’ following seven assemblages, placing genera within these based on a consensus discussed in Jermy et al. (1973) and Taylor & Mickel (1974). The history of fern classification preceding this linear sequence has been discussed in great detail by Tryon (1952), from the early classifications by Smith (1810, fig. 1), Presl (1836) and Smith (1875) to Ching (1940) and Copeland (1947), to name only a few. Accepted by M. Chase: 11 Jan. 2011; published: 18 Feb. 2011 7 Classification of extant ferns and their allies was often regarded as highly instable during the second half of the 20th century. Various systems were proposed, reflecting different opinions on the interpretation of the accessible evidence. In general, the proposed systems reflect a change from an artificial system to the grouping of more natural entities. It generally also shows a progression from the often broad family concepts preferred at the end of the 19th and early 20th century (e.g. Hooker 1844–1864, Hooker & Baker 1868, Christ 1897, Diels 1899–1900, Christensen 1906) to systems with more but narrower families (e.g. Pichi Sermolli 1977). In the mid of the 20th century researchers with collecting experience in the Asian tropics (Ching 1940, Copeland 1947, Holttum 1947) incorporated major changes into fern classifications. These developments provided less artificial systems and were summarized in the most influential classifications at the end of the 20th century by Tryon & Tryon (1982) and Kramer & Green (1990). The arrival of phylogenetics, and molecular phylogenetics in particular, has rapidly improved our understanding of fern relationships through phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequence data (e.g. Hasebe et al. 1994, 1995, Pryer et al. 2001, 2004, Schneider et al. 2004a, Schuettpelz et al. 2006, Schuettpelz & Pryer 2007), morphological data alone (Schneider 1996, Stevenson & Loconte 1996, Schneider et al. 2009), or combined analyses of molecular and morphological evidence (Pryer et al. 1995, 2001, Schneider 2007, Lehtonen et al. 2010). Results of these studies were summarized in a ground-breaking classification published by Smith et al. (2006a, updated in 2008). However, the classifications of Smith et al. (2006a, 2008) were not designed as linear classifications for implementation in collections, floras and textbooks, and they excluded a classification of lycophytes, which are generally included with ferns in herbaria and many books. Based on these classifications of Smith et al. (2006a, 2008) with minor alterations (based e.g. on Wang et al. 2004, Schuettpelz & Pryer 2007, Christenhusz 2009a, Schneider et al. 2009, Lehtonen et al. 2010, Wei et al. 2010), we hereby produce a linear sequence of the vascular seed-free plant classes (ferns and lycophytes). We aim for a broad use of this linear sequence, varying from fern books, checklists and major floras, to the sequence in major fern collections, nurseries, gardens, herbaria and spore banks and on the internet. In the list below we provide full synonymy of higher taxa and provide a linear sequence of the classes, subclasses, orders and families. Within families the number of accepted genera is given and a list of genera is provided alphabetically. Because many genera are still poorly defined and more studies at the generic level are needed—especially on relationships among genera in the largest families Aspleniaceae, Athyriaceae, Blechnaceae, Dryopteridaceae, Polypodiaceae, Pteridaceae, Tectariaceae and Thelypteridaceae—we have not fully organized the genera within the families according to a phylogenetic tree, although our list in Appendix 2 is a first attempt to do so. This can be completed in the future when the generic relationships are clarified further. If extinct fossil taxa are to be included some additional ranks will need to be added. In this sequence we do not account for fossil names, but future classification will need to integrate extant and fossil lineages to overcome the current use of the same names in classifications of extant or fossil taxa. To aid appropriate usage and current familial placement of genera, we provide a list of genera, including synonyms and the families to which these genera belong (Appendix 1). We attempt to account for all validly published generic names of extant taxa, although it is of course possible that one or two have slipped our attention. Please notify us about errors or omissions so we can improve our list for a future update. Based on recent phylogenetic studies, we found that some genera should be merged with others. To accommodate for these generic changes some new combinations are provided. In the linear sequence presented below we accept for lycophytes three families with five genera and for ferns 45 families with about 280 genera. We recognize each of the five major clades as subclasses, in line with the classification of Chase & Reveal (2009). 8 • Phytotaxa 19 © 2011 Magnolia Press CHRISTENHUSZ ET AL. Linear sequence [lycophytes] Subclass I. Lycopodiidae Bek., Kurs Bot. 1: 115 (1863). Selaginellidae Knobl. in J.E.B.Warming, Handb. Syst. Bot.: 157 (1890). Isoëtidae Reveal, Phytologia 79: 70 (1996). Order A. Lycopodiales DC. ex Bercht. & J.Presl, Přir. Rostlin: 272 (1820). 1 family. Family 1. Lycopodiaceae P.Beauv. ex Mirb. in Lam. & Mirb., Hist. Nat. Vég. 4: 293 (1802). Phylloglossaceae Kunze, Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 1: 722 (1843). Huperziaceae Rothm., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 66: 236 (1962). 1–3 genera, perhaps more. (Huperzia Bernh., Lycopodiella Holub, Lycopodium L.). Note:—The genus Phylloglossum Kunze is embedded in Huperzia (Wikström & Kenrick 1997), the combination is provided below. References: DiMichele & Skog (1992), Herter (1949–1950), Markham et al. (1983), Øllgaard (1975, 1979, 1987, 1990), Wagner (1992), Wikström (1999), Wikström et al. (1999). Order B. Isoëtales Prantl, Lehrb. Bot.: 116 (1874). 1 family. Family 2. Isoëtaceae Reichenb., Bot. Damen: 309 (1828). 1 genus (Isoëtes). References: Hoot et al. (2004, 2006), Rydin & Wikström (2002), Schuettpelz & Hoot (2006), Taylor & Hickey (1992), Taylor et al. (2004). Order C. Selaginellales Prantl, Lehrb. Bot.: 116 (1874). 1 family. Family 3. Selaginellaceae Willk., Anleit. Stud. Bot. 2: 163 (1854). 1 genus (Selaginella). References: Korall & Kenrick (2004), Korall et al. (1999). [ferns] Subclass: II Equisetidae Warm., Osnov. Bot.: 221 (1883). Order D. Equisetales DC. ex Bercht. & J.Presl, Přir. Rostlin: 271 (1820). 1 family. Family 4. Equisetaceae Michx. ex DC., Essai Propr. Méd. Pl.: 49 (1804). 1 genus (Equisetum). References: Des Marais et al. (2003), Guillon (2004, 2007), Hauke (1963, 1978), Schaffner (1930). Note:—The placement of Equisetidae is still somewhat unclear. Some studies based on plastid DNA place the subclass as sister to Marattiidae (Pryer et al. 2004, Smith et al. 2006a), but Rai & Graham (2010) found Equisetidae to be sister to the rest of the ferns. This sister relationship is more consistent with the fossil record (Taylor et al. 2009) and agrees with the group’s morphology, although we think it is preferrable to include the horsetails within the lineage of ferns—Polypodiopsida (following Pryer et al. 2001). CLASSIFICATION OF FERNS & LYCOPHYTES Phytotaxa 19 © 2011 Magnolia Press • 9 Subclass: III Ophioglossidae Klinge, Fl. Est.-Liv-Churland 1: 94 (1882). Psilotidae Reveal, Phytologia 79: 70 (1996). Order E. Ophioglossales Link, Hort. Berol. 2: 151 (1833). 1 family. Family 5. Ophioglossaceae Martinov, Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 438 (1820). Botrychiaceae Horan., Char. Ess. Fam. 15 (1847). Helminthostachyaceae Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 10: 235 (1941). 5 genera (Cheiroglossa, Botrychium, Helminthostachys, Mankyua, Ophioglossum). References: Hauk et al. (2003), Kato (1988), Sun et al. (2001), Wagner & Wagner (1983). Order F. Psilotales Prantl, Lehrb. Bot., ed. 5: 183 (1884). 1 family. Family 6. Psilotaceae J.W.Griff. & Henfr., Microgr. Dict.: 540 (1855). Tmesipteridaceae Nakai, Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Nov.]: 206 (1943). 2 genera (Psilotum, Tmesipteris). References: Bierhorst (1977), Brownsey & Lovis (1987), Gensel (1977). Subclass: IV Marattiidae Klinge, Fl. Est.-Liv-Churland 1: 93 (1882). Order G. Marattiales Link, Hort. Berol. 2: 148 (1833). Christenseniales Doweld, Tent. Syst. Pl. Vasc. (Tracheophyta): 7 (2001). 1 family. Family 7. Marattiaceae Kaulf., Enum. Filic.: 31 (1824), nom. cons. prop. Danaeaceae C.Agardh, Aphor. Bot.: 117 (1822). Angiopteridaceae Fée ex J.Bommer, Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 5: 345 (1867). Christenseniaceae Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 10: 227 (1940). 6 genera (Angiopteris, Christensenia, Danaea, Eupodium, Marattia, Ptisana). References: Christenhusz (2007, 2010a), Christenhusz et al. (2008), Hill & Camus (1986), Murdock (2008a, 2008b), Rolleri (2002, 2003). Note:—The placement of Christensenia and Angiopteris make Marattia s.l. polyphyletic. It has therefore been divided into three genera: the New World Eupodium with stalked synangia, the Old World genus Ptisana, rendering Marattia s.s. to be endemic to the Neotropics and Hawaii. Subclass: V Polypodiidae Cronquist, Takht. & Zimmerm., Taxon 15: 133 (1966). Pterididae Schmakov, Turczaninowia 4: 42 (2001). Dennstaedtiidae Doweld, Tent. Syst. Pl. Vasc. (Tracheophyta): 10 (2001). Marsileidae Doweld, Tent. Syst. Pl. Vasc. (Tracheophyta): 10 (2001). Plagiogyriidae Doweld, Tent. Syst. Pl. Vasc. (Tracheophyta): 12 (2001). Order H. Osmundales Link, Hort. Berol. 2: 138 (1833). 1 family. Family 8. Osmundaceae Martinov, Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 445 (1820). 4 genera (Leptopteris, Osmunda, Osmundastrum, Todea). Reference: Metzgar et al. (2008), Yatabe et al. (1999). Order I. Hymenophyllales A.B.Frank in J.Leunis, Syn. Pflanzenk., ed. 2, 3: 1452 (1877). 1 family. 10 • Phytotaxa 19 © 2011 Magnolia Press CHRISTENHUSZ ET AL. Family 9. Hymenophyllaceae Mart., Consp. Regni Veg.: 3 (1835). Trichomanaceae Burmeist., Handb. Naturgesch.: 196 (1836). 2 or more genera. References: Dubuisson (1996, 1997), Dubuisson et al. (2003), Ebihara et al. (2002, 2006, 2007), Hennequin et al. (2003, 2008). Note:—The family consists of two major clades corresponding to the classical genera Hymenophyllum and Trichomanes. The latter is divided into 8 genera (Ebihara et al. 2006): Abrodictyum, Callistopteris, Cephalomanes, Crepidomanes, Didymoglossum, Polyphlebium, Trichomanes and Vandenboschia. Order J. Gleicheniales Schimp., Traité Paléont. Vég. 1: 669 (1869). Matoniales Pic.Serm. ex Reveal, Phytologia 74: 175 (1993). Stromatoperidales Pic.Serm. ex Reveal, Phytologia 74: 176 (1993). Dipteridales Doweld, Tent. Syst. Pl. Vasc. (Tracheophyta): 10 (2001). 3 families. Family 10. Gleicheniaceae C.Presl, Reliq. Haenk.: 1: 70 (1825). Stromatopteridaceae Bierh., Phytomorphology 18: 263 (1968). 6 genera (Dicranopteris, Diplopterygium, Gleichenella, Gleichenia, Sticherus, Stromatopteris). Family 11. Dipteridaceae Seward & E.Dale, Philos. Trans., ser. B 194: 487 (1901). Cheiropleuriaceae Nakai, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 42: 210 (1928). 2 genera (Cheiropleuria, Dipteris). Reference: Kato et al. (2001). Family 12. Matoniaceae C.Presl, Gefässbündel Farrn: 32 (1847). 2 genera (Matonia, Phanerosorus). Reference: Kato & Setoguchi (1998). Order K. Schizaeales Schimp., Traité Paléonnt. Vég. 1: 674 (1869). 3 families. Reference: Dettmann & Clifford (1992), Skog et al. (2002), Wikström et al. (2002). Family 13. Lygodiaceae M.Roem., Handb. Allg. Bot. 3: 520 (1840). 1 genus (Lygodium). Reference: Madeira et al. (2008). Family 14. Schizaeaceae Kaulf., Wesen Farrenkr.: [119] (1827). 2 genera (Actinostachys, Schizaea). Reference: Wikström et al. (2002). Family 15. Anemiaceae Link, Fil. Spec.: 23 (1841). 1 genus (Anemia). Note:—Mohria is embedded in Anemia (Wikström et al. 2002); the combinations to accommodate for this change are made below. Order L. Salviniales Bartl. in Mart., Consp. Regn. Veg.: 4 (1835). Pilulariales Bercht. & J.Presl, Přir. Rostlin: 272 (1820). Marsileales Bartl. in Mart., Consp. Regn. Veg.: 4 (1835). 2 families. CLASSIFICATION OF FERNS & LYCOPHYTES Phytotaxa 19 © 2011 Magnolia Press • 11 Family 16. Marsileaceae Mirb. in Lam. & Mirb., Hist. Nat. Vég. 5: 126 (1802). Pilulariaceae Mirb. ex DC., Essai Propr. Méd. Pl.: 48 (1804). 3 genera (Marsilea, Pilularia, Regnellidium). References: Nagalingum et al. (2008), Pryer (1999), Pryer & Hearn (2009), Schneider & Pryer (2002). Family 17. Salviniaceae Martinov, Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 559 (1820). Azollaceae Wettst., Handb. Syst. Bot. 2: 77 (1903). 2 genera (Azolla, Salvinia). Reference: Reid et al. (2006). Order M. Cyatheales A.B.Frank in J.Leunis, Syn. Pflanzenk., ed. 2, 3: 1452 (1877). Dicksoniales Pic.Serm. ex Reveal, Phytologia 74: 175 (1993). Hymenophyllopsidales Pic.Serm. ex Reveal, Phytologia 74: 175 (1993). Loxsomatales Pic.Serm. ex Reveal, Phytologia 74: 175 (1993). Plagiogyriales Pic.Serm. ex Reveal, Phytologia 74: 176 (1993). Metaxyales Doweld, Tent. Syst. Pl. Vasc. (Tracheophyta): 12. (2001). 8 families. References: Holttum & Sen (1961), Korall et al. (2006a). Family 18. Thyrsopteridaceae C.Presl, Gefässbündel Farrn: 22, 38 (1847), as ‘Thyrsopterideae’. 1 genus (Thyrsopteris). References: Boodle (1915), Sen & Rahaman (1999). Family 19. Loxsomataceae C.Presl, Gefässbündel Farrn: 31 (1847), as ‘Loxsomaceae’. 2 genera. (Loxsoma, Loxsomopsis). References: Bower (1923), Lehnert et al. (2001). Note:—The name ‘Loxoma’ was a spelling error and was corrected to Loxsoma (Hooker 1838). Family 20. Culcitaceae Pic.Serm., Webbia 24: 702 (1970). 1 genus (Culcita). Reference: Sen (1968). Family 21. Plagiogyriaceae Bower, Ann. Bot. (London) 40: 484 (1926). 1 genus (Plagiogyria). Reference: Zhang & Nooteboom (1998). Family 22. Cibotiaceae Korall in A.R.Sm. et al., Taxon 55: 712 (2006). 1 genus (Cibotium). Reference: Smith et al. (2006a). Family 23. Cyatheaceae Kaulf., Wesen Farrenkr.: [119] (1827). Alsophilaceae C.Presl, Gefässbündel Farrn: 22 (1847). Hymenophyllopsidaceae Pic.Serm., Webbia 24: 712 (1970). 4 genera (Alsophila, Cyathea, Gymnosphaera, Sphaeropteris). References: Christenhusz (2009b), Conant et al. (1995, 1996), Conant & Stein (2001), Janssen et al. (2008), Korall et al. (2006a), Lantz et al. (1999), Lehnert (2006, 2008, 2009), Marquez (2010), Stein et al. (1996), Wang et al. (2003). Family 24. Dicksoniaceae M.R.Schomb., Reis. Br.-Guiana (Ri. Schomburgk) 2: 1047 (1848). Lophosoriaceae Pic.Serm., Webbia 24: 700 (1970). 12 • Phytotaxa 19 © 2011 Magnolia Press CHRISTENHUSZ ET AL. 3 genera (Calochlaena, Dicksonia, Lophosoria). References: Churchill et al. (1998), Lehnert (2006), White & Turner (1988). Family 25. Metaxyaceae Pic.Serm., Webbia 24: 701 (1970). 1 genus (Metaxya). References: Qiu et al. (1995), Sen (1969), Smith et al. (2001). Order N. Polypodiales Link, Hort. Berol. 2: 5 (1833). Parkeriales A.B.Frank in J.Leunis, Syn. Pflanzenk., ed. 2, 3: 1452 (1877). Filicales Dumortier, Anal. Fam. Pl.: 67. 1829, nom. illeg. Blechnales Pic.Serm. ex Reveal, Phytologia 74: 175 (1993). Negripteridales Pic.Serm. ex Reveal, Phytologia 74: 176 (1993). Platyzomatales Pic.Serm. ex Reveal, Phytologia 74: 176 (1993). Aspleniales Pic.Serm. ex Reveal, Phytologia 79: 72 (1996). Athyriales Schmakov, Turczaninowia 4: 55 (2001). Dennstaedtiales Doweld, Tent. Syst. Pl. Vasc. (Tracheophyta): 10 (2001). Pteridales Doweld, Tent. Syst. Pl. Vasc. (Tracheophyta): 11 (2001). Dryopteridales Schmakov in Turczaninowia 4: 66 (2001). Thelypteridales Doweld, Tent. Syst. Pl. Vasc. (Tracheophyta): 11 (2001). Lindsaeales Doweld, New Syllabus: 353 (2006). 21 families. Family 26. Lonchitidaceae C.Presl ex M.R.Schomb., Reis. Br.-Guiana (Ri. Schomburgk) 2: 1047 (1848). 1 genus (Lonchitis). References: Christenhusz (2009a), Lehtonen et al. (2010), Lellinger (1977). Family 27. Saccolomataceae Doweld in Doweld & Reveal, Phytologia 90: 417 (2008). 1–2 genera (Orthiopteris, Saccoloma). Reference: Nair (1992). Note:—The status of Orthiopteris as separate from Saccoloma is not yet certain. Phylogenetic studies on this family is needed. Family 28. Cystodiaceae J.R.Croft, Kew Bull. 41: 797 (1986). 1 genus (Cystodium). References: Croft (1986), Korall et al. (2006b), Lehtonen et al. (2010). Family 29. Lindsaeaceae C.Presl ex M.R.Schomb., Reis. Br.-Guiana (Ri. Schomburgk) 2: 883 (1848). 7 genera (Lindsaea, Nesolindsaea, Odontosoria, Osmolindsaea, Sphenomeris, Tapeinidium, Xyropteris). References: Kramer (1957, 1967a, b, c, 1970, 1971, 1972a, b, 1989), Kramer & Tindale (1976), Lehtonen et al. (2010), Lin et al. (1999), Schneider & Kenrick (2001). Family 30. Dennstaedtiaceae Lotsy, Vortr. Bot. Stammesgesch. 2: 655 (1909). Hypolepidaceae Pic.Serm., Webbia 24: 705 (1970). Pteridiaceae Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 13: 96 (1975). 10 genera (Blotiella, Dennstaedtia, Histiopteris, Hypolepis, Leptolepia, Microlepia, Monachosorum, Oenotrichia, Paesia, Pteridium). References: Der et al. (2009), Wolf (1995). Note:—Oenotrichia is based on O. maxima (E.Fourn.) Copel., which belongs to the Dennstaedtiaceae. The other species belong to Dryopteridaceae. CLASSIFICATION OF FERNS & LYCOPHYTES Phytotaxa 19 © 2011 Magnolia Press • 13 Family 31. Pteridaceae E.D.M.Kirchn., Schul-Bot.: 109 (1831). Parkeriaceae Hook., Exot. Fl. 2: ad t. 147 (1825), nom. rej. in favour of Adiantaceae Newman (1840). Adiantaceae Newman, Hist. Brit. Ferns: 5 (1840), nom. cons. Acrostichaceae Mett. ex A.B.Frank in J.Leunis, Syn. Pflanzenk., ed. 2, 3: 1453 (1874). Ceratopteridaceae Underw., Our Native Ferns, ed. 6: 65 (1900). Sinopteridaceae Koidz., Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 3: 50 (1934). Vittariaceae Ching, Sunyatsenia 5: 210 (1940). Negripteridaceae Pic.Serm., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., ser. 2, 53: 160 (1946). Platyzomataceae Nakai, Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 29: 4 (1950). Actiniopteridaceae Pic.Serm., Webbia 17: 5 (1962). Cryptogrammaceae Pic.Serm., Webbia 17: 299 (1963). Hemionitidaceae Pic.Serm., Webbia 21: 487 (1966). Cheilanthaceae B.K.Nayar, Taxon 19: 233 (1970). Taenitidaceae Pic.Serm., Webbia 29: 1 (1975). Antrophyaceae Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16: 11 (1978). Anopteridaceae Doweld, Tent. Syst. Pl. Vasc. (Tracheophyta): 2 (2001). 50–60 genera (53 accepted here). References: Beck et al. (2010), Gastony & Johnson (2001), Gastony & Rollo (1995, 1998), Grusz et al. (2009), Kirkpatrick (2007), Nakazato & Gastony (2001), Prado et al. (2007), Rohfelds et al. (2008), Ruhfel et al. (2008), Sánchez-Barracaldo (2004), Schuettpelz et al. (2007), Windham et al. (2009), Zhang et al. (2005, 2007). Subfamily 31a. Cryptogrammoideae S.Linds. Edinburgh J. Bot. 66(2): 358. 2009 (Coniogramme, Cryptogramma, Llavea). Subfamily 31b. Ceratopteridoideae (J.Sm.) R.M.Tryon, Amer. Fern J. 76: 184 (1986). ‘Parkerioideae’ of Smith et al. (2006a), nom. nud. (Acrostichum, Ceratopteris). Subfamily 31c. Pteridoideae C.Chr. ex Crabbe, Jermy & Mickel, Fern Gaz. 11: 153 (1975). Taenitidoideae (C.Presl) R.M.Tryon, Amer. Fern J. 76: 184 (1986). (Actiniopteris, Anogramma, Aspleniopsis, Austrogramme, Cerosora, Cosentinia, Jamesonia, Nephopteris, Onychium, Pityrogramma, Pteris, Pterozonium, Syngramma, Taenitis) Note:—Eriosorus is united with Jamesonia (Sánchez-Barracaldo 2004) and Neurocallis and Platyzoma are united with Pteris (Schuetpeltz & Pryer 2007); the necessary combinations for these changes are made below. Subfamily 31d. Cheilanthoideae W.C.Shieh, J. Sci. Engin. (Nation. Chung-Hsing Univ.) 10: 211 (1973). (Adiantopsis, Aleuritopteris, Argyrochosma, Aspidotis, Astrolepis, Bommeria, Calciphilopteris, Cassebeera, Cheilanthes, Cheiloplecton, Doryopteris, Hemionitis, Mildella, Notholaena, Paraceterach, Paragymnopteris, Pellaea, Pentagramma, Trachypteris, Tryonella). Note:—The classification of fern genera belonging to subfamily Cheilanthoideae is not stable because many of the generic concepts do not describe natural units, e.g., Paraceterach as classified by Tryon et al. (1990) is paraphyletic (Kirkpatrick 2007) and nested in Pellaea s.l. The cheilanthoid ferns are currently under study at the Pryer lab (Beck et al. 2010, Grusz et al. 2009, Rothfels et al. 2008, Windham et al. 2009). Subfamily 31e. Vittarioideae (C.Presl) Crabbe, Jermy & Mickel, Fern Gaz. 11: 154 (1975). Adiantoideae (C.Presl) R.M.Tryon, Amer. Fern J. 76: 184 (1986). (Adiantum, Ananthacorus, Anetium, Antrophyum, Haplopteris, Hecistopteris, Monogramma, Polytaenium, Radiovittaria, Rheopteris, Scoliosorus, Vittaria). Note:—The vittarioid ferns are embedded in the genus Adiantum, which is why they are here treated as a single subfamily. Adiantum is in need of thorough taxonomic revision. 14 • Phytotaxa 19 © 2011 Magnolia Press CHRISTENHUSZ ET AL. Family 32. Cystopteridaceae Schmakov, Turczaninowia 4: 60 (2001). 4 genera. (Acystopteris, Cystoathyrium, Cystopteris, Gymnocarpium). Description:—Plant small to medium sized, in forest or in crevices. Rhizome slender long creeping, or shorter creeping, or short erect or ascending; lamina 1-3-pinnate; veins free; sori small, round to cup-shaped, dorsal on veinlets; indusia small, thin, ovate, or oval, attached at bases, scale-like and immersed by mature sporangia, or exindusiate; x=42, 41, 40. Note:—Schuettpelz & Pryer (2007) found Gymnocarpium and Cystopteris to be sister to the rest of eupolypods II. Therefore these genera and the allied Acystopteris and Cystoathyrium are placed in their own family, which is here defined in a phylogenetic sense. Family 33. Aspleniaceae Newman, Hist. Brit. Ferns: 6 (1840). 2 genera. (Asplenium, Hymenasplenium). References: Murakami & Schaal (1994), Murakami et al. (1999), Perrie & Brownsey (2005), Pinter al. (2002), Schneider et al. (2004b, 2005). Note:—The studies cited above have shown that nearly all segregates of Asplenium (e.g. Camptosorus, Ceterach, Diellia, Loxoscaphe and Phyllitis) nest within it. In addition many intergeneric hybrids are known. Therefore Smith et al. (2006a) recognised only two genera in Aspleniaceae that are cytologically seggregated, which we follow here. Family 34. Diplaziopsidaceae X.C.Zhang & Christenh., fam. nov. 3 genera (Diplaziopsis (type of the family), Hemidictyum, Homalosorus). Filices mediocres vel grandes; rhizomatibus crassis, erectis vel decumbentibus; laminis 1-pinnatis, imparipinnatis, pinnis integris, glabris; venis lateralibus utroque costulae latere discretis sed margines versus reticulatim anastomosantibus, areolarum 2–4 series facientibus, sine venulis discretis inclusis; soris secus venas longas prope costulam elongatis, indusio similiter elongato membranaceo obtectis; indusiis plerumque 3–8 mm, interdum ad 1–2 cm longis, arcuatis, allantoideis; numero basico chromosomatum x=31, 40, 41. Genus quod est typus familiae: Diplaziopsis C.Chr. Description: Medium or large ferns, usually in forests near or by streams. Rhizomes decumbent to erect, thick; lamina 1-pinnate, imparipinnate, with pinnae entire, glabrous; veins free on either side of the midrib, but fully anastomosing toward the margins where they form 2–4 rows of areoles, without included free veinlets; sori elongate along the long veins close to the midrib, covered by a similarly elongates, membranous indusium; indusia usually 3–8 mm, sometimes up to 1–2 cm long, arched, sausage-like; spores with wing-like fimbriate and echinate folds, or low perforate plain folds. X=41, 40 or 31. Notes:—Homalosorus pycnocarpos (Spreng.) Pic.Serm. has been transferred to Diplaziopsis by Price (1990). Different from the Asian Diplaziopsis with x=41, the temperate North American Homalosorus pycnocarpos has x=40 and the tropical American genus Hemidictyum marginatum with x=31. Hemidictyum was first shown to be sister to the Aspleniaceae by Schuetpelz & Pryer (2007), but no Diplaziopsis was included in their study. Here, we incorporate new evidence generated in the laboratory of X.-C. Zhang, and place these genera in one family (Wei et al. 2010). The inclusion of Hemidictyum in Diplaziopsidaceae is however still tentative; further studies will have to confirm its placement. Family 35. Thelypteridaceae Pic.Serm., Webbia 24: 709 (1970). 5 or more genera References: Smith (1986), Smith & Cranfill (2002), Yatabe et al. (2002). Note:—Five genera (Cyclosorus, Macrothelypteris, Phegopteris, Pseudophegopteris, Thelypteris) recognised by Smith (in Kramer & Green 1990) and several formally proposed genera were treated as subgenera in Cyclosorus and Thelypteris. The current understanding of the relationships within the family is limited and thus we employ a conservative approach with large genera concepts for species belonging to Cyclosorus and Thelypteris. Narrower genera concepts are discussed to be replaced these two large genera but the current evidence is insufficient to make final conclusions. CLASSIFICATION OF FERNS & LYCOPHYTES Phytotaxa 19 © 2011 Magnolia Press • 15 Family 36. Woodsiaceae Herter, Rev. Sudamer. Bot. 9: 14 (1949). 1–3 genera (Cheilanthopsis, Hymenocystis, Woodsia). Notes:—Woodsiaceae formerly included Athyriaceae and Diplaziopsidaceae. The family is here defined in its narrowest sense, including only Woodsia and two very closely related genera that, pending further evidence, may have to be merged with Woodsia in the future. The lineages of Athyriaceae, Cystopteridaceae, Diplaziopsidaceae and Rachidosoraceae are found consistently segregated in all analyses, independently of sampling. Despite the relationships among these groups is not always resolved these lineages cannot be united with other large lineages. They are therefore treated as separate families. Family 37. Rhachidosoraceae X.C.Zhang, fam. nov. Based on a full and direct reference to the Latin description associated with Athyriaceae subfam. Rhachidosoroideae M.L.Wang & Y.T.Hsieh, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 42: 527 (2004). 1 genus. (Rhachidosorus Ching, type of the family). Description:—Medium to large ferns in forest often at rocky (limestone) places. Rhizomes thick, erect to decumbent, apeices and bases of stipes densely covered in scales; laminae 2–3-pinnate, deltoid to ovatedeltoid; sori linear, falcate, touching midveins at proximal ends, subparallel to midveins; indusia more or less thick, entire, on acroscopic side of lateral veinlets, asplenioid, spores with tuberculate folds. X=40. A genus with ca. 7 species, distributed in east and southeast Asia, from Japan to Sumatra and the Philippines. Rhachidosorus was not included in Schuettpelz & Pryer (2007) and the results of Wang et al. (2003, 2004) were not accepted by Smith et al. (2006a, 2008). Family 38. Onocleaceae Pic.Serm., Webbia 24: 708 (1970). 1(–4) genera: (Onoclea). Reference: Gastony & Ungerer (1997). Note:—The four genera (Matteuccia, Onoclea, Onocleopsis and Pentarhizidium) are very close and are here treated under the single genus Onoclea. Family 39. Blechnaceae Newman, Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. 2: 8 (1844). Stenochlaenaceae Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16: 18 (1978). 2–9 genera. (Blechnum, Brainea, Pteridoblechnum, Sadleria, Salpichlaena, Stenochlaena, Woodwardia). References: Nakahira (2000), Cranfill (2001), Cranfill & Kato (2003). Note:—The genus Doodia is embedded in Blechnum (Shepherd et al. 2007). Combinations for these are presented below. Blechnum in its current circumscription, even including Doodia, is likely to be paraphyletic. The status of other genera such as Brainea, Pteridoblechnum, Sadleria, Salpichlaena and Stenochlaena is therefore not yet clear, but some of these should probably be included in Blechnum sensu lato (see Cranfill 2001). Further studies on the generic delimitation in this family are necessary. Family 40. Athyriaceae Alston, Taxon 5: 25 (1956). 5 genera. (Anisocampium, Athyrium, Cornopteris, Deparia, Diplazium) Reference: Kato (1977), Wang et al. (2004). The Athyriaceae include the majority of genera placed by Smith et al. (2006a, 2008) in Woodsiaceae. The generic classification will need further study especially in the context of the monophyly of Athyrium and Diplazium. Family 41. Hypodematiaceae Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 13: 96 (1975). 3 genera (Didymochlaena, Hypodematium, Leucostegia). Reference: Liu et al. (2007a), Tsutsumi & Kato (2006), Schuettpelz & Pryer (2007). 16 • Phytotaxa 19 © 2011 Magnolia Press CHRISTENHUSZ ET AL. Note:—These genera were not traditionally found to be associated with each other. Hypodematium was associated with the athyrioid ferns, Didymochlaena was previously placed in Dryopteridaceae and Leucostegia in Davalliaceae. Several studies (Liu et al. 2007a, Tsutsumi & Kato 2006, Schuettpelz & Pryer 2007) have shown nearly simultaneously that these are related and probably form the sister clade to 'Eupolypods I'. Family 42. Dryopteridaceae Herter, Rev. Sudamer. Bot. 9: 15 (1949), nom. cons. Aspidiaceae Mett. ex A.B.Frank in Leunis, Syn. Pflanzenk. ed. 2. 3: 1469 (1877), nom. illeg. Filicaceae Juss., Gen. Pl.: 14. (1789), as 'Filices', nom. illeg., rej. Peranemataceae Ching, Sunyatsenia 5: 208 (1940), nom. rej. Elaphoglossaceae Pic.Serm., Webbia 23: 209 (1968). Bolbitidaceae Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16: 15 (1978). About 34 genera. References: Li & Lu (2006), Li et al. (2008), Liu et al. (2007a, 2010), Moran et al. (2010a, b), Rouhan (2004). Note:—Further studies at the generic level are still necessary for the correct placement of genera and to confirm the monophyly of the species-rich genera Dryopteris and Polystichum. Insertis sedis: Adenoderris, Coveniella, Dracoglossum, Revwattsia, Stenolepia. Subfamily 42a. Dryopteridoideae B.K.Nayar, Taxon 19: 235 (1970). (Acrophorus, Acrorumohra, Arachniodes, Ctenitis, Cyrtogonellum, Cyrtomidictyum, Cyrtomium, Diacalpe, Dryopolystichum, Dryopsis, Dryopteris, Leptorumohra, Lithostegia, Peranema, Phanerophlebia, Polystichopsis, Polystichum). Subfamily 42b. Elaphoglossoideae (Pic.Serm.) Crabbe, Jermy & Mickel, Fern Gaz. 11: 154 (1975). Based on Elaphoglossaceae Pic.Serm. (Arthrobotrya, Bolbitis, Cyclodium, Elaphoglossum, Lastreopsis, Lomagramma, Maxonia, Megalastrum, Mickelia, Olfersia, Polybotrya, Rumohra, Stigmatopteris, Teratophyllum). Family 43. Lomariopsidaceae Alston, Taxon 5: 25 (1956). 3 genera (Cyclopeltis, Lomariopsis, Thysanosoria). References: Moran (2000), Rouhan et al. (2007), Tsutsumi & Kato (2006), Schuettpelz & Pryer (2007), Liu et al. (2007a). Family 44. Nephrolepidaceae Pic.Serm., Webbia 29: 8 (1975). 1 genus (Nephrolepis). References: Hennequin et al. (2010), Hovenkamp & Miyamoto (2005). Note:—The genus Nephrolepis has always been difficult to place. It has previously been associated with Davalliaceae and Oleandraceae (Kramer & Green 1990). Smith (2006a, 2008) places it in Lomariopsidaceae, which shares the articulate pinnae. This association is however not satisfactory because the exact phylogenetic placement is still uncertain. We therefore place it tentatively in its own family until further data are available. Family 45. Tectariaceae Panigrahi, J. Orissa Bot. Soc. 8: 41 (1986). Dictyoxiphiaceae Ching, Sunyatsenia 5: 205, 218. 1940, nom. inval. Hypoderriaceae Ching, Sunyatsenia 5: 209, 245. 1940, nom. inval. 6–10 genera. (Aenigmopteris, Arthropteris, Hypoderris, Pleocnemia, Psammiosorus, Psomiocarpa, Pteridrys, Tectaria, Triplophyllum, Wagneriopteris). References: Christenhusz (2010b), Liu (2007b). CLASSIFICATION OF FERNS & LYCOPHYTES Phytotaxa 19 © 2011 Magnolia Press • 17 Note:—Arthropteris has been tentatively placed here by Smith et al. (2006a), but Liu (2007b) placed it in Dryopteridaceae. The correct placement of this genus is still uncertain. This family is poorly defined, especially when Arthropteris and Psammiosorus are included. The number of genera that belong to Tectariaceae is still uncertain. Family 46. Oleandraceae Ching ex Pic.Serm., Webbia 20: 745 (1965). 1 genus (Oleandra). References: Tryon (1998, 2000). Family 47. Davalliaceae M.R.Schomb., Reis. Br.-Guiana (Ri. Schomburgk) 2: 883 (1848). 2 genera (Davallia, Davallodes). Reference: Kato & Tsutsumi (2009), Tsutsumi & Kato (2006), Tsutsumi et al. (2008). Note:—Tsutsumi and collaborators (2006, 2008) provided a phylogeny of the Davalliaceae, in which they found Davallia to be polyphyletic and proposed to recognise the 5 clades at the generic level. This classification creates an inflated number of genera and an alternative two genera concept can also be considered. They proposed the genus Araiostegiella Kato & Tsutsumi (2008) and reinstated Wibelia Bernhardi (1801: 122), the latter being a later homonym of Wibelia Gaertner et al. (1801: 97, 144), a genus of Asteraceae (= Crepis), and thus a new genus is needed to accommodate for Wibelia Bernh. Most species have combinations in Davallia and it seems appropriate to consider a broader concept for Davallia that includes Araiostegiella and Humata. To divide Davallia, the issue remains to which of the five clades the name Davallia should be applied, because the geographically isolated D. canariensis (L.) Sm., the type species, is not included in these studies. Without establishing to which clade this species belongs, a generic subdivision will be difficult to validate. Davallodes (incl. Araiostegia) as treated by Tsutsumi et al. (2008) is followed here, reducing the number of genera to two, but this may require updating using an improved phylogegentic analyses in the near future. Family 48. Polypodiaceae J.Presl & C.Presl, Delic. Prag.: 159 (1822). Grammitidaceae Newm., Hist. Brit. Ferns: 7 (1840). Gymnogrammitidaceae Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 11: 12 (1966). Loxogrammaceae Ching ex Pic.Serm. in Webbia 29: 11 (1975). Drynariaceae Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16: 19 (1978). Platyceriaceae Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16: 18 (1978). Pleurisoriopsidaceae Kurita & Ikebe ex Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16: (1978). 50–80 genera (64 tentatively accepted here). References: Janssen & Schneider (2005), Kreier et al. (2008), Labiak et al. (2010a, b), Otto et al. (2009), Parris (2007), Ranker (2004), Schneider et al. (2004a, c, 2006a, b, 2008, 2010), Smith et al. (2006b), Wang et al. (2010a, b). Subfamily 48a. Loxogrammoideae H.Schneid., subfam. nov. (Dictymia, Loxogramme). Basionym: Loxogrammaceae Ching ex Pic.Serm., Webbia 29: 11 (1974). Type: Loxogramme. Subfamily 47b. Drynarioideae Crabbe, Jermy & Mickel, Fern Gaz. 11: 156 (1975). (Aglaomorpha, Arthromeris, Christiopteris, Drynaria, Gymnogrammitis, Paraselliguea, Phymatopteris, Polypodiopteris, Selliguea). Note:—This subfamily includes the drynarioid and selligueoid ferns. The genus number of both groups is currently uncertain. We are recognizing the genera that are currently widely accepted. Subfamily 48c. Platycerioideae B.K.Nayar, Taxon 19: 233 (1970). (Platycerium, Pyrrosia). 18 • Phytotaxa 19 © 2011 Magnolia Press CHRISTENHUSZ ET AL. Subfamily 48d. Microsoroideae B.K.Nayar, Taxon 19: 233 (1970), as ‘Microsorioideae’. Lepisoroideae Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16: 17 (1978), as ‘Lepisorioideae’. (Dendroconche, Goniophlebium, Kaulinia, Kontumia, Lecanopteris, Lemmaphyllum, Lepisorus, Lepidomicrosorium, Leptochilus, Microsorum, Neocheiropteris, Neolepisorus, Paragramma, Phymatosorus, Podosorus, Thylacopteris, Tricholepidium). Note:—The status of several genera of this group is controversial (Kreier et al. 2008). The genus Microsorum is polyphyletic and will need to be separated into natural genera in the future. The monotypic genus Kontumia is tentatively assigned to the microsoroid ferns and not to the selligueoid ferns as suggested by Wu et al. (2005). This assignment is based on observations of the rhizome scales carried out by P. Hovenkamp (Leiden) who studied the type material. Currently, we are lacking DNA sequences to confirm its relationship. Subfamily 48e. Polypodioideae B.K.Nayar, Taxon 19: 234 (1970). Pleopeltidoideae B.K.Nayar, Taxon 19: 234 (1970). (Campyloneurum, Microgramma, Niphidium, Pecluma, Phlebodium, Pleopeltis, Pleurosoriopsis, Polypodium, Serpocaulon, Synammia, and the grammitids: Acrosorus, Adenophorus, Calymmodon, Ceradenia, Chrysogrammitis, Cochlidium, Ctenopteris, Dasygrammitis, Enterosora, Grammitis, Lellingeria, Leucostrichum, Luisma, Melpomene, Micropolypodium, Nematopteris, Oreogrammitis, Prosaptia, Radiogrammitis, Scleroglossum, Terpsichore, Themelium, Tomophyllum, Xiphopterella, Xiphopteris, Zygophlebia). Note:—The number of genera in the grammitid ferns is still in flux. A research group under the leadership of Dr. Tom Ranker is currently studying this complex. New combinations and names Anemia caffrorum (L.) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Polypodium caffrorum Linnaeus (1771: 307). Anemia lepigera (Baker) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Mohria lepigera Baker (1891: 498). Anemia marginalis (Savigny) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Osmunda marginalis Savigny in Lamarck (1797: 655). Note: Roux (1990b) made the combination in Mohria. This is the same species as his Mohria hirsuta Roux (1990a). Anemia mohriana Christenh., nom. nov. Basionym: Mohria rigida Roux (1990a: 268), non Anemia rigida Sehnem Anemia nudiuscula (J.P.Roux) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Mohria nudiuscula Roux (1990a: 266). Anemia saxatilis (J.P.Roux) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Mohria saxatilis Roux (1990b: 399). Anemia vestita (Baker) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Mohria vestita Baker in Oliver et al. (1887: 355). Blechnum austrocaledonicum Christenh., nom. nov. Basionym: Doodia gracilis Copeland (1929: 362), non Blechnum gracile Kaulfuss Blechnum dissectum (Parris) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Doodia dissecta Parris (1998: 711). Blechnum dives (Kunze) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Doodia dives Kunze (1848: 144), as ´Doodya dives´. Blechnum doodianum Christenh., nom. nov. Basionym: Doodia aspera var. heterophylla Bailey (1881: 51), non Blechnum heterophyllum Opiz, nec Schlechtendal. Blechnum hindii (Tindale ex T.C.Chambers) Christenh., comb. nov. CLASSIFICATION OF FERNS & LYCOPHYTES Phytotaxa 19 © 2011 Magnolia Press • 19 Basionym: Doodia hindii Tindale ex Chambers (2008: 257). Blechnum lineare (J.Sm.) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Doodia linearis Smith (1866: 199). Blechnum lyonii (Degen.) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Doodia lyonii Degener (1934: Fam. 17). Blechnum marquesensis (E.Brown) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Doodia marquesensis Brown in Brown & Brown (1931: 73, t. 16). Blechnum maximum (J.Sm. ex C.Chr.) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Doodia maxima J.Sm. ex Christensen (1906: 243). Blechnum medium (R.Br.) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Doodia media Brown (1810: 151). Blechnum molle (Parris) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Doodia mollis Parris (1980: 145). Blechnum neohollandicum Christenh., nom. nov. Basionym: Doodia aspera Brown (1810: 151), non Blechnum asperum (Klotzsch) J.W.Sturm Blechnum norfolkense Christenh., nom. nov. Basionym: Doodia kunthiana Gaudichaud (1829: 410, t. 14), non Blechnum kunthianum C.Chr. Blechnum papuanum Christenh., nom. nov. Basionym: Doodia scaberula Parris (1978: 505), non Blechnum scaberulum Sodiro Blechnum parrisii Christenh., nom. nov. Basionym: Doodia media subsp. australis Parris (1972: 593), non Blechnum australe L. Blechnum paschale (C.Chr.) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Doodia paschalis C.Chr. in Christensen & Skottsberg (1920: 48, f. 1.). Blechnum rupestre (Kaulf. ex Link) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Doodia rupestris Kaulf. ex Link (1833: 83). Blechnum spinulosum Poir. = Doodia caudata (Cav.) R.Br. (Woodwardia caudata Cav.), caudatum Cav. Blechnum zeelandicum Christenh., nom. nov. non Blechnum Basionym: Doodia squarrosa Colenso (1881: 382), non Blechnum squarrosum Gaudich. Huperzia drummondii (Kunze) Christenh. & H.Schneid., comb. nov. Basionym: Phylloglossum drummondii Kunze (1843: 721), as ´Drummondi´. Jamesonia accrescens (A.F.Tryon) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Eriosorus accrescens Tryon (1963: 57). Jamesonia angusta (M.Kessler & A.R.Sm.) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Eriosorus angustus Kessler & Smith (2007: 191). Jamesonia areniticola (Schwartsb. & Labiak) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Eriosorus areniticola Schwartsburd & Labiak (2008: 160). Jamesonia ascendens (A.R.Sm. & M.Kessler) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Eriosorus ascendens A.R.Sm. & M.Kessler in Kessler & Smith (2007: 192) Jamesonia aureonitens (Hook.) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Gymnogramma aureonitens Hooker (1852: t. 820). Jamesonia biardii (Fée) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Anogramma biardii Fée (1869: 241, t. 77, f. 1.). Jamesonia caracasana (Baker) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Gymnogramma caracasana Baker in Hooker & Baker (1874: 516). Jamesonia cheilanthoides (Sw.) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Grammitis cheilanthoides Swartz (1806: 219). Jamesonia chiapensis (Maxon) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Psilogramme chiapensis Maxon (1915: 81). Jamesonia congesta (Christ) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Gymnogramma congesta Christ (1904: 1098). Jamesonia ewanii (A.F.Tryon) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Eriosorus ewanii Tryon (1970: 165). 20 • Phytotaxa 19 © 2011 Magnolia Press CHRISTENHUSZ ET AL. Jamesonia feei (Copel.) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Eriosorus feei Copeland (1947: 58). Jamesonia flabellata (Grev. & Hook.) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Gymnogramma flabellata Greville & Hooker (1834: 61, t. 120). Jamesonia flexuosa (Kunth) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Grammitis flexuosa Kunth in Humboldt et al. (1815: 5). Jamesonia glaberrima (Maxon) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Psilogramme glaberrima Maxon (1915: 82). Jamesonia glaziovii (C.Chr.) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Gymnogramma glaziovii Christensen (1910: 20). Jamesonia hirsutula (Mett.) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Gymnogramma hirsutula Mettenius (1864: 209). Jamesonia hirta (Kunth) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Grammitis hirta Kunth, in Humboldt et al. (1815: 4). Jamesonia insignis (Kuhn) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Gymnogramma insignis Mett. ex Kuhn (1869: 70). Jamesonia lechleri (Kuhn) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Gymnogramma lechleri Mett. ex Kuhn (1869: 71). Jamesonia lindigii (Mett.) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Gymnogramma lindigii Mettenius (1864: 210). Jamesonia longipetiolata (Hieron.) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Gymnogramma longipetiolata Hieronymus (1904: 479). Jamesonia madidiensis (M.Kessler & A.R.Sm.) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Eriosorus madidiensis Kessler & Smith (2007: 192). Jamesonia mathewsii (Hook.) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Gymnogramma mathewsii Hooker (1864: 128, t. 290). Jamesonia myriophylla (Sw.) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Gymnogramma myriophylla Swartz (1817: 58). Jamesonia novogranatensis (A.F.Tryon) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Eriosorus novogranatensis Tryon (1970: 120). Jamesonia orbignyana (Kuhn) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Gymnogramma orbignyanus Mett. ex Kuhn (1869: 70). Jamesonia paucifolia (A.C.Sm.) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Gymnogramma paucifolia A.C.Sm. in Gleason (1931: 305). Jamesonia rufescens (Fée) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Gymnogramma rufescens Fée (1852: 181, t. 19C, f. 3). Jamesonia schwackeana (Christ) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Gymnogramma schwackeana Christ in Schwacke (1900: 18), as 'Gymnogramme Schwackeana'. Jamesonia sellowiana (Mett. ex Kuhn) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Gymnogramma sellowiana Mett. ex Kuhn (1869: 69). Jamesonia setulosa (Hieron.) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Gymnogramma setulosa Hieronymus (1904: 479). Jamesonia stuebelii (Hieron.) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Gymnogramma stuebelii Hieronymus (1909: 219, t. 9, f. 5). Jamesonia vellea (Baker) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Gymnogramma vellea Baker (1881: 206). Jamesonia warscewiczii (Mett.) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Gymnogramma warscewiczii Mett. in Triana et al. (1864: 211). Jamesonia wurdackii (A.F.Tryon) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Eriosorus wurdackii Tryon (1970: 147, f. 30). Onoclea hintonii (Ballard) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Onocleopsis hintonii Ballard (1945: 1). Pteris bosseri (Tard.) Christenh., comb. nov. CLASSIFICATION OF FERNS & LYCOPHYTES Phytotaxa 19 © 2011 Magnolia Press • 21 Basionym: Ochropteris bosseri Tardieu-Blot (1984: 193). Pteris dicarpa (R.Br.) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Gleichenia dicarpa Brown (1810: 161). Pteris platyferra Christenh., nom. nov. Basionym: Platyzoma ferruginea Desvaux (1827: 199), non Pteris ferruginea J.Bommer Pteris platylata Christenh., nom. nov. Basionym: Platyzoma latum Desvaux (1827: 199), non Pteris lata Kaulf. Pteris platyzoma Christenh., nom. nov. Basionym: Gleichenia alpina Brown (1810: 161), non Pteris alpina Field. Pteris peltigera (Fée) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Ochropteris peltigera Fée (1850: 102, t. 29, f. 4). Pteris praestantissima (Fée) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Neurocallis praestantissima Fée (1845: 89, t. 52). Pteris recurva (Desv.) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Platyzoma recurvum Desvaux (1827: 199) ≡ Platyzoma microphyllum Brown (1810: 160), non P. microphylla Cav., nec A.Cunn., nec Colla Pteris rupestris (R.Br.) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Gleichenia rupestris Brown (1810: 161). Pteris speluncae (R.Br.) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Gleichenia speluncae Brown (1810: 161). Ptisana rolandi-principis (Rosenst.) Christenh., comb. nov. Basionym: Marattia rolandi-principis Rosenstock (1911: 162). Acknowledgments We thank Philip Oswald for kindly providing the Latin diagnosis of Diplaziopsidaceae. We also thank James Reveal for providing help with references above the rank of family. Libraries of the Botanical Garden and Herbarium, Helsinki, the Natural History Museum, London, and the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew are acknowledged for facilitating the consultation of numerous publications in the bibliography provided here. These institutions hold a great collection of fern specimens and associated literature and it is always a pleasure to work with such excellent material. References Angiosperm Phylogeny Group [APG III] (2009) An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161: 105–121. Bailey, F.M. (1881) The Fern World of Australia: with homes of the Queensland species. Gordon & Gotch, Brisbane, 105 pp. Baker, J.G. (1881) On a collection of ferns made by Mr. W. 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(2007) First insights in the phylogeny of Asian cheilanthoid ferns based on sequences of two chloroplast markers. Taxon 56: 369–378. Zhang, X.-C. & Nooteboom, H.P. (1998) A taxonomic revision of Plagiogyriaceae (Pteridophyta). Blumea 43: 401–469. CLASSIFICATION OF FERNS & LYCOPHYTES Phytotaxa 19 © 2011 Magnolia Press • 31 Appendix 1. Index to fern genera Below we provide an alphabetic list to the genera of ferns. Accepted genera are pinted in bold italics. Synonymous genera are in italics followed by the currently accepted genus and their family. Genera listed with * are problematic in their phylogeny. Genera of which the family name is accompanied by ƒ are of uncertain placement. Abacopteris = Cyclosorus – Thelypteridaceae Abrodictyum (= Trichomanes) – Hymenophyllaceae Acanthea = Cyathea – Cyatheaceae Achomanes = Trichomanes – Hymenophyllaceae Aconiopteris = Elaphoglossum – Dryopteridaceae Acropelta = Polystichum – Dryopteridaceae Acrophorus* (= Dryopteris?) – Dryopteridaceae Acropteris = Actiniopteris – Pteridaceae Acropterygium = Glechenella – Gleicheniaceae Acrorumohra* (= Dryopteris?) – Dryopteridaceae Acrosorus – Polypodiaceae Acrostichum – Pteridaceae (The name was in the past widely applied to species in a number of genera, most notably Elaphoglossum) Actiniopteris – Pteridaceae Actinophlebia = Cyathea – Cyatheaceae Actinostachys – Schizaeaceae Acystopteris – Cystopteridaceae Adectum = Dennstaedtia – Dennstaedtiaceae Adenoderris – Dryopteridaceae Adenophorus – Polypodiaceae Adiantopsis – Pteridaceae Adiantum – Pteridaceae Aenigmopteris – Tectariaceae Aetopteron = Polystichum – Dryopteridaceae Afropteris = Pteris – Pteridaceae Aglaomorpha – Polypodiaceae Alcicornium = Platycerium – Polypodiaceae Aleuritopteris – Pteridaceae Allantodia = Diplazium – Athyriaceae Allosorus = Cryptogramma/Cheilanthes – Pteridaceae Alsophila – Cyatheaceae Amauropelta = Thelypteris – Thelypteridaceae Amblia = Phanerophlebia – Dryopteridaceae Amesium = Asplenium – Aspleniaceae Ampelopteris = Cyclosorus – Thelypteridaceae Amphiblestra = Tectaria – Tectariaceae Amphicosmia = Cyathea – Cyatheaceae Amphidesmium = Alsophila – Cyatheaceae Amphineuron = Cyclosorus – Thelypteridaceae Amphipterum = Hymenophyllum – Hymenophyllaceae Amphisoria = Polybotrya – Dryopteridaceae Amphoradenium = Adenophorus – Polypodiaceae Ananthacorus – Pteridaceae Anapausia = Leptochilus – Polypodiaceae Anapeltis = Phlebodium – Polypodiaceae Anarthropteris = Loxogramme – Polypodiaceae Anaxetum = Niphidium – Polypodiaceae Anchistea = Woodwardia – Blechnaceae Aneimia = Anemia – Anemiaceae Aneimiaebotrys = Anemia – Anemiaceae 32 • Phytotaxa 19 © 2011 Magnolia Press Anemia – Anemiaceae Anemidictyon = Anemia – Anemiaceae Anemirhiza = Anemia – Anemiaceae Anetium – Pteridaceae Angiopteris – Marattiaceae Anisocampium – Athyriaceae Anisogonium = Diplazium – Athyriaceae Anisosorus = Lonchitis – Lonchitidaceae Anogramma – Pteridaceae Anopteris = Pteris – Pteridaceae Antigramma = Asplenium – Aspleniaceae Antiosorus = Lonchitis – Lonchitidaceae Antrophyum – Pteridaceae Apalophlebia = Pyrrhosia – Polypodiaceae Aphyllocalpa = Osmunda – Osmundaceae Apteropteris = Hymenophyllum – Hymenophyllaceae Aquilina = Pteridium – Dennstaedtiaceae Arachniodes – Dryopteridaceae Araiostegia = Davallodes – Davalliaceae Araiostegiella = Davallia – Davalliaceae Arcasplenium = Asplenium – Aspleniaceae Archangiopteris = Angiopteris – Marattiaceae Arcypteris = Pleocnemia – Tectariaceae Argyrochosma – Pteridaceae Arthrobotrya – Dryopteridaceae Arthrobotrys = Dryopteris – Dryopteridaceae Arthromeris – Polypodiaceae Arthropteris – Tectariaceae Aspidium = Tectaria – Tectariaceae (The name was in the past applied to species in a number of genera) Aspidotis – Pteridaceae Asplenidictyum = Asplenium – Aspleniaceae Aspleniopsis* – Pteridaceae Asplenium – Aspleniaceae Asteroglossum = Lemmaphyllum – Polypodiaceae Astrolepis – Pteridaceae Atalopteris = Ctenitis ? – Dryopteridaceae Ataxipteris = Ctenitis – Dryopteridaceae Athyriopsis = Deparia – Athyriaceae Athyriorumohra = Dryopteris – Dryopteridaceae Athyrium – Athyriaceae Austrogramme – Pteridaceae Austrolycopodium = Lycopodium – Lycopodiaceae Azolla – Salviniaceae Bakeriopteris = Doryopteris – Pteridaceae Balantium = Dicksonia – Dicksoniaceae Bathmium = Tectaria – Tectariaceae Belvisia = Lepisorus – Polypodiaceae Bergera = Trichomanes – Hymenophyllaceae Bernhardia = Psilotum – Psilotaceae Biropteris = Asplenium – Aspleniaceae CHRISTENHUSZ ET AL. Blechnidium = Blechnum – Blechnaceae Blechnopsis = Blechnum – Blechnaceae Blechnopteris = Blechnum – Blechnaceae Blechnum – Blechnaceae Blotiella – Dennstaedtiaceae Bolbitis – Dryopteridaceae Bommeria – Pteridaceae Boniniella = Asplenium – Aspleniaceae Botrychium – Ophioglossaceae Botryogramme = Llavea – Pteridaceae Botryopteris = Helminthostachys – Ophioglossaceae Botryothallus = Polybotrya – Dryopteridaceae Botrypus = Botrychium – Ophioglossaceae Bowringia = Brainea/Blechnum – Blechnaceae Brachysorus = Athyrium – Athyriaceae Brainea (= Blechnum?) – Blechnaceae Bryodesma = Selaginella – Selaginellaceae Buesia = Hymenophyllum – Hymenophyllaceae Byrsopteris = Arachniodes – Dryopteridaceae Caenopteris = Asplenium – Aspleniaceae Calamaria = Isoëtes – Isoëtaceae Calamistrum = Pilularia – Marsileaceae Calciphilopteris – Pteridaceae Callipteris = Diplazium – Athyriaceae Callistopteris (= Trichomanes) – Hymenophyllaceae Callogramme = Syngramma – Pteridaceae Calochlaena – Dicksoniaceae Calymella = Gleichenia – Gleicheniaceae Calymmodon – Polypodiaceae Calypterium = Onoclea – Onocleaceae Campium = Bolbitis – Dryopteridaceae Campteria = Pteris – Pteridaceae Camptodium = Tectaria – Tectariaceae Camptosorus = Asplenium – Aspleniaceae Campyloneurum – Polypodiaceae Campteria = Pteris – Pteridaceae Candollea = Pyrrosia – Polypodiaceae Caobangia = Lemmaphyllum – Polypodiaceae Cardiochlaena = Tectaria – Tectariaceae Cardiomanes = Hymenophyllum – Hymenophyllaceae Carpanthus = Azolla – Salviniaceae Cassebeera – Pteridaceae Cassiopteris = Ophioglossum – Ophioglossaceae Celanthera = Marattia – Marattiaceae Cephalomanes (= Trichomanes) – Hymenophyllaceae Ceradenia – Polypodiaceae Ceratodactylis = Llavea – Pteridaceae Ceratopteris – Pteridaceae Ceropteris = Pityrogramma – Pteridaceae Cerosora – Pteridaceae Ceterach = Asplenium – Aspleniaceae Ceterachopsis = Asplenium – Aspleniaceae Cheilanthes – Pteridaceae Cheilanthopsis – Woodsiaceae Cheilogramme = Pleopeltis – Polypodiaceae Cheilolepton = Lomagramma – Dryopteridaceae Cheiloplecton – Pteridaceae Cheilosoria = Cheilanthes – Pteridaceae CLASSIFICATION OF FERNS & LYCOPHYTES Cheiroglossa – Ophioglossaceae Cheiropleuria – Dipteridaceae Cheiropteris = Neocheiropteris – Polypodiaceae Chieniopteris = Woodwardia – Blechnaceae Chilopteris = Grammitis – Polypodiaceae Chingia = Cyclosorus – Thelypteridaceae Chlamydogramme = Tectaria – Tectariaceae Chnoophora = Alsophila – Cyatheaceae Chonta = Thyrsopteris – Thyrsopteridaceae Choristosoria = Pellaea – Pteridaceae Chorizopteris = Lomagramma – Dryopteridaceae Christella = Cyclosorus – Thelypteridaceae Christensenia – Marattiaceae Christiopteris – Polypodiaceae Chrysochosma = Notholaena – Pteridaceae Chrysodium = Acrostichum – Pteridaceae Chrysogrammitis – Polypodiaceae Chrysopteris = Phlebodium – Polypodiaceae Cibotium – Cibotiaceae Cincinalis = Pteridium – Dennstaedtiaceae Cionidium = Tectaria – Tectariaceae Clementea = Angiopteris – Marattiaceae Cnemidaria = Cyathea – Cyatheaceae Cnemidopteris = Cyathea – Cyatheaceae Cochlidium – Polypodiaceae Coelopteris* = Ctenopteris/Prosaptia? – Polypodiaceae Colina = Anemia – Anemiaceae Colysis = Leptochilus – Polypodiaceae Coniogramme – Pteridaceae Copelandiopteris = Pteris? – Pteridaceae Coptodipteris = Dennstaedtia – Dennstaedtiaceae Coptophyllum = Anemia – Anemiaceae Cormophyllum = Cyathea – Cyatheaceae Cornopteris – Athyriaceae Coryphopteris = Thelypteris – Thelypteridaceae Cosentinia – Pteridaceae Costaricia = Dennstaedtia – Dennstaedtiaceae Coveniella – Dryopteridaceae Craspedaria = Microgramma – Polypodiaceae Craspedodictyum = Syngramma – Pteridaceae Craspedoneuron = Trichomanes – Hymenophyllaceae Craspedophyllum = Hymenophyllum – Hymenophyllaceae Craspedosorus = Cyclosorus – Thelypteridaceae Crepidium = Trichomanes – Hymenophyllaceae Crepidomanes (= Trichomanes) – Hymenophyllaceae Crepidophyllum = Trichomanes – Hymenophyllaceae Crepidopteris = Trichomanes – Hymenophyllaceae Crypsinopsis = Selliguea – Polypodiaceae Crypsinus = Selliguea – Polypodiaceae Crypteris = Pellaea – Pteridaceae Cryptogramma – Pteridaceae Cryptosorus* = Gammitis? – Polypodiaceae Cryptostigma = Polystichum – Dryopteridaceae Cteisium = Lygodium – Lygodiaceae Ctenitis – Dryopteridaceae Ctenitopsis* = Tectaria – Tectariaceae Ctenopterella – Polypodiaceae Phytotaxa 19 © 2011 Magnolia Press • 33 Ctenopteris – Polypodiaceae Culcita – Culcitaceae Currania = Gymnocarpium – Cystopteridaceae Cuspidaria = Pleopeltis – Pteridaceae Cyathea – Cyatheaceae Cyclodium – Dryopteridaceae Cyclogramma = Cyclosorus – Thelypteridaceae Cyclopeltis – Lomariopsidaceae Cyclophorus = Pyrrosia – Polypodiaceae Cyclopteris = Cystopteris – Cystopteridaceae Cyclosorus – Thelypteridaceae Cyrtogonellum – Dryopteridaceae Cyrtogonium = Bolbitis – Dryopteridaceae Cyrtomidictyum – Dryopteridaceae Cyrtomium – Dryopteridaceae Cyrtophlebium = Campyloneurum – Polypodiaceae Cyste = Cystopteris – Cystopteridaceae Cystea = Cystopteris – Cystopteridaceae Cystidium = Cystodium – Cystodiaceae Cystoathyrium – Cystopteridaceae Cystodiopteris = Cystodium – Cystodiaceae Cystodium – Cystodiaceae Cystopteris – Cystopteridaceae Danaea – Marattiaceae Danaeopsis = Bolbitis – Dryopteridaceae Darea = Asplenium – Aspleniaceae Dasygrammitis – Polypodiaceae Davallia – Davalliaceae Davalliopsis = Trichomanes – Hymenophyllaceae Davallodes – Davalliaceae Dendroconche – Polypodiaceae Dendroglossa = Leptochilus – Polypodiaceae Dendrolycopodium = Lycopodium – Lycopodiaceae Dennstaedtia – Dennstaedtiaceae Deparia – Athyriaceae Dermatophlebium = Hymenophyllum – Hymenophyllaceae Desmopodium* = Thelypteris ? – Thelypteridaceae Diacalpe* (= Dryopteris?) – Dryopteridaceae Diblemma = Pleopeltis – Polypodiaceae Dichasium = Dryopteris – Dryopteridaceae Dichorexia = Alsophila – Cyatheaceae Dicksonia – Dicksoniaceae Diclidopteris = Monogramma – Pteridaceae Diclisodon = Dryopteris – Dryopteridaceae Dicranodium = Anogramma – Pteridaceae Dicranoglossum = Pleopeltis – Polypodiaceae Dicranophlebia = Alsophila – Cyatheaceae Dicranopteris – Gleicheniaceae Dictymia – Polypodiaceae Dictyocline = Cyclosorus – Thelypteridaceae Dictyodroma = Deparia – Athyriaceae Dictyoglossum = Elaphoglossum – Dryopteridaceae Dictyogramme = Coniogramme – Pteridaceae Dictyopteris = Pleocnemia – Tectariaceae Dictyoxiphium = Tectaria – Tectariaceae Didymochlaena – Hypodematiaceae Didymoglossum (= Trichomanes) – Hymenophyllaceae 34 • Phytotaxa 19 © 2011 Magnolia Press Diellia = Asplenium – Aspleniaceae Digrammaria = Diplazium – Athyriaceae Dimorphopteris = Cyclosorus – Thelypteridaceae Diphasiastrum = Lycopodium – Lycopodiaceae Diphasium = Lycopodium – Lycopodiaceae Diplaziopsis – Diplaziopsidaceae Diplazium – Athyriaceae Diploblechnum = Blechnum – Blechnaceae Diploophyllum = Hymenophyllum – Hymenophyllaceae Diplopterygium - Gleicheniaceae Diplora = Asplenium – Aspleniaceae Dipteris – Dipteridaceae Discostegia = Marattia – Marattiaceae Disphenia = Cyathea – Cyatheaceae Distaxia = Blechnum – Blechnaceae Doodia = Blechnum – Blechnaceae Dorcapteris - Olfersia – Dryopteridaceae Doryopteris – Pteridaceae Dracoglossum – Dryopteridaceae Drymoglossum = Pyrrosia – Polypodiaceae Drymotaenium = Lepisorus – Polypodiaceae Drynaria – Polypodiaceae Drynariopsis = Aglaomorpha – Polypodiaceae Dryoathyrium = Deparia – Athyriaceae Dryomenis = Tectaria – Tectariaceae Dryopolystichum – Dryopteridaceae Dryopsis* (= Dryopteris?) – Dryopteridaceae Dryopteris – Dryopteridaceae Dryostachyum = Aglaomorpha – Polypodiaceae Dyctiogramme = Coniogramme – Pteridaceae Eatoniopteris = Cyathea – Cyatheaceae Edanyoa = Bolbitis – Dryopteridaceae Egenolfia = Bolbitis – Dryopteridaceae Elaphoglossum – Dryopteridaceae Ellobocarpus = Ceratopteris – Pteridaceae Emodiopteris = Dennstaedtia – Dennstaedtiaceae Enterosora – Polypodiaceae Equisetum – Equisetaceae Eremopodium = Asplenium – Aspleniaceae Eriosoriopsis = Woodsia – Woodsiaceae Eriosorus = Jamesonia – Pteridaceae Eschatogramme = Pleopeltis – Polypodiaceae Eupodium – Marattiaceae Eupteris = Pteridium – Dennstaedtiaceae Fadyenia = Tectaria – Tectariaceae Feea = Trichomanes – Hymenophyllaceae Filix = Dryopteris (*This genus is not legitimately published and the name has in the past been used to mean 'fern', and was widely applied. It is thus difficult to assign it to any genus in particular, but it is typified by Dryopteris) – Dryopteridaceae Fourniera = Sphaeropteris – Cyatheaceae Furcaria = Ceratopteris – Pteridaceae Fuziifilix = Dennstaedtia – Dennstaedtiaceae Galeoglossa = Pyrrosia – Polypodiaceae Gisopteris = Lygodium – Lygodiaceae Glaphyropteridopsis = Cyclosorus – Thelypteridaceae Glaphyropteris - Cyclosorus – Thelypteridaceae CHRISTENHUSZ ET AL. Gleichenella – Gleicheniaceae Gleichenia – Gleicheniaceae Gleicheniastrum = Gleichenia – Gleicheniaceae Glossopteris = Asplenium – Aspleniaceae Glyphotaenium = Grammitis – Polypodiaceae Goniophlebium – Polypodiaceae Goniopteris = Cyclosorus – Thelypteridaceae Gonocormus = Trichomanes – Hymenophyllaceae Grammatopteridium = Selliguea –Polypodiaceae Grammatosorus = Tectaria – Tectariaceae Grammitis – Polypodiaceae Guerinia = Lindsaea – Lindsaeaceae Gymnia = Cheilanthes – Pteridaceae Gymnocarpium – Cystopteridaceae Gymnogramma = Hemionitis – Pteridaceae Gymnogrammitis – Polypodiaceae Gymnopremnon = Cyathea – Cyatheaceae Gymnopteris = Hemionitis – Pteridaceae Gymnosphaera – Cyatheaceae Gymnothalamium = Dryopteris – Dryopteridaceae Gymnotheca = Marattia – Marattiaceae Gyrosorium = Pyrrosia – Polypodiaceae Habrodictyon = Trichomanes – Hymenophyllaceae Haplodicyum = Thelypteris – Thelypteridaceae Haplopteris – Pteridaceae Hecistopteris – Pteridaceae Helminthostachys – Ophioglossaceae Hemestheum = Thelypteris – Thelypteridaceae Hemianemia = Anemia – Anemiaceae Hemicardion = Cyclopeltis – Lomariopsidaceae Hemicyatheon = Hymenophyllum – Hymenophyllaceae Hemidictyum – Diplaziopsidaceae Hemigonum = Polystichum – Dryopteridaceae Hemigramma = Tectaria – Tectariaceae Hemionitis – Pteridaceae Hemiphlebium = Trichomanes – Hymenophyllaceae Hemipteris = Pteris – Pteridaceae Hemistachyum = Aglaomorpha – Polypodiaceae Hemistegia = Cyathea – Cyatheaceae Hemitelia = Cyathea – Cyatheaceae Heterodanaea = Danaea – Marattiaceae Heterogonium = Tectaria – Tectariaceae Heteroneuron = Bolbitis – Dryopteridaceae Heterophlenium = Pteris – Pteridaceae Heteropteris = Doryopteris – Pteridaceae Hewardia = Adiantum – Pteridaceae Hiatea = Cibotium – Cibotiaceae Hicriopteris = Dicranopteris – Gleicheniaceae Hippochaete = Equisetum – Equisetaceae Hippodium = Didymochlaena – Dryopteridaceae Histiopteris – Dennstaedtiaceae Holcosorus = Selliguea – Polypodiaceae Holodictyum = Asplenium – Aspleniaceae Holostachyum = Aglaomorpha – Polypodiaceae Holttumia = Taenitis – Pteridaceae Holttumiella = Taenitis – Pteridaceae Holubiella = Ophioglossum – Ophioglossaceae Homalosorus – Diplaziopsidaceae CLASSIFICATION OF FERNS & LYCOPHYTES Homoeotes = Trichomanes – Hymenophyllaceae Hugona = Lygodium – Lygodiaceae Humata = Davallia – Davalliaceae Humblotiella = Lindsaea – Lindsaeaceae Huperzia – Lycopodiaceae Hyalolepis = Lepisorus – Polypodiaceae Hyalotricha = Campyloneurum – Polypodiaceae Hyalotrichopteris = Campyloneurum – Polypodiaceae Hydroglossum = Lygodium – Lygodiaceae Hymenasplenium – Aspleniaceae Hymenocystis – Woodsiaceae Hymenodium = Elaphoglossum – Dryopteridaceae Hymenoglossum = Hymenophyllum – Hymenophyllaceae Hymenolaena = Woodsia – Woodsiaceae Hymenolepis = Lepisorus – Polypodiaceae Hymenophyllopsis = Cyathea – Cyatheaceae Hymenophyllum – Hymenophyllaceae Hymenostachys = Trichomanes – Hymenophyllaceae Hymenotomia = Lindsaea – Lindsaeaceae Hypochlamys = Athyrium – Athyriaceae Hypodematium – Hypodematiaceae Hypoderris – Tectariaceae Hypolepis – Dennstaedtiaceae Hypopeltis = Polystichum – Dryopteridaceae Hypopterygiopsis = Selaginella – Selaginellaceae Hysterocarpus = Didymochlaena – Hypodematiaceae Idiogramma = Cerosora – Pteridaceae Idiopteris = Pteris? – Pteridaceae Isoëtes – Isoëtaceae Isoloma = Lindsaea – Lindsaeaceae Ithycaulon = Saccoloma – Saccolomataceae Jamesonia – Pteridaceae Japanobotrychium = Botrychium – Ophioglossaceae Jenkinsia = Bolbitis – Dryopteridaceae Kaulfussia = Christensenia – Marattiaceae Kaulinia – Polypodiaceae Kontumia – Polypodiaceae Kuniwatsukia = Anisocampium – Athyriaceae Lacaussadea = Polybotrya – Dryopteridaceae Lacostea = Trichomanes – Hymenophyllaceae Lacosteopsis = Trichomanes – Hymenophyllaceae Lastrea = Dryopteris – Dryopteridaceae (This genus was applied to species belonging to a number of genera, most notably genera of Thelypteridaceae) Lastreopsis – Dryopteridaceae Lateristachys = Lycopodiella – Lycopodiaceae Lathyropteris = Pteris – Pteridaceae Lecanium = Lecanopteris – Polypodiaceae Lecanolepis = Trichomanes – Hymenophyllaceae Lecanopteris – Polypodiaceae Lellingeria – Polypodiaceae Lemapteris = Pteris – Pteridaceae Lemma = Marsilea – Marsileaceae Lemmaphyllum – Polypodiaceae Lenda = Tectaria – Tectariaceae Lepicystis = Pleopeltis – Polypodiaceae Lepidocaulon = Histiopteris – Dennstaedtiaceae Lepidogrammitis = Lemmaphyllum – Polypodiaceae Phytotaxa 19 © 2011 Magnolia Press • 35 Lepidomicrosorium – Polypodiaceae Lepidoneuron = Nephrolepis – Lomariopsidaceae Lepidotis = Lycopodium – Lycopodiaceae Lepisorus – Polypodiaceae Leptochilus – Polypodiaceae Leptocionium = Hymenophyllum – Hymenophyllaceae Leptogramma = Cyclosorus – Thelypteridaceae Leptolepia – Dennstaedtiaceae Leptolepidium= Cheilanthes – Pteridaceae Leptopleuria = Nephrolepis – Lomariopsidaceae Leptopteris – Osmundaceae Leptorumohra – Dryopteridaceae Leptostegia = Onychium – Pteridaceae Leucomanes = Trichomanes – Hymenophyllaceae Leucostegia – Hypodematiaceae Leucotrichum – Polypodiaceae Lindsaea – Lindsaeaceae Lindsaenium = Lindsaea – Lindsaeaceae Lindsayopsis = Odontosoria – Lindsaeaceae Lithostegia – Dryopteridaceae Litobrochia = Pteris – Pteridaceae Litolobium = Dennstaedtia – Dennstaedtiaceae Llavea – Pteridaceae Lomagramma – Dryopteridaceae Lomaphlebia = Grammitis – Polypodiaceae Lomaria = Blechnum – Blechnaceae Lomaridium = Blechnum – Blechnaceae Lomariobotrys = Stenochlaena – Blechnaceae Lomariopsis – Lomariopsidaceae Lonchitis – Lonchitidaceae Lophidium = Schizaea – Schizaeaceae Lophodium = Dryopteris – Dryopteridaceae Lopholepis = Microgramma – Polypodiaceae Lophosoria – Dicksoniaceae Lorinseria = Woodwardia – Blechnaceae Lotzea = Diplazium – Athyriaceae Loxogramme – Polypodiaceae Loxoma = Loxsoma (printing error corrected by Hooker, 1838) – Loxsomataceae Loxoscaphe = Asplenium – Aspleniaceae Loxsoma – Loxsomataceae Loxsomopsis – Loxsomataceae Luerssenia = Tectaria – Tectariaceae Luisma – Polypodiaceae Lunathyrium = Deparia – Athyriaceae Lycopodiastrum = Lycopodium – Lycopodiaceae Lycopodiella – Lycopodiaceae Lycopodioides = Selaginella – Selaginellaceae Lycopodium – Lycopodiaceae Lygodictyon = Lygodium – Lygodiaceae Lygodium – Lygodiaceae Macroglena = Trichomanes – Hymenophyllaceae Macroglossum = Angiopteris – Marattiaceae Macroplethus = Lepisorus – Polypodiaceae Macrostoma = Christensenia – Marattiaceae Macrothelypteris – Thelypteridaceae Mankyua – Ophioglossaceae Marattia – Marattiaceae 36 • Phytotaxa 19 © 2011 Magnolia Press Marginaria = Pleopeltis – Polypodiaceae Marginariopsis = Pleopetis – Polypodiaceae Marsiglia = Marsilea – Marsileaceae Marsilea – Marsileaceae Maschalosorus = Trichomanes – Hymenophyllaceae Matonia – Matoniaceae Matteuccia – Onocleaceae Maxonia – Dryopteridaceae Mecodium = Hymenophyllum – Hymenophyllaceae Mecosorus = Grammitis – Polypodiaceae Megalastrum – Dryopteridaceae Melpomene – Polypodiaceae Meniscium = Cyclosorus – Thelypteridaceae Menisorus = Cyclosorus – Thelypteridaceae Meringium = Hymenophyllum – Hymenophyllaceae Merinthosorus = Aglaomorpha – Polypodiaceae Mertensia = Sticherus – Gleicheniaceae Mesochlaena = Thelypteris? – Thelypteridaceae Mesoneuron = Thelypteris – Thelypteridaceae Mesophlebion = Cyclosorus – Thelypteridaceae Mesopteris = Cyclosorus – Thelypteridaceae Mesosorus = Sticherus – Gleicheniaceae Mesothema = Blechnum – Blechnaceae Metapolypodium= Goniophlebium – Polypodiaceae Metathelypteris = Thelypteris – Thelypteridaceae Metaxya – Metaxyaceae Mickelia – Dryopteridacae Microbrochis = Tectaria – Tectariaceae Microchlaena = Anisocampium – Athyriaceae Microgonium = Trichomanes – Hymenophyllaceae Microgramma – Polypodiaceae Microlepia – Dennstaedtiaceae Microphlebodium= Polypodium – Polypodiaceae Micropodium = Asplenium – Aspleniaceae Micropolypodium – Polypodiaceae Micropteris = Grammitis – Polypodiaceae Microschizaea = Schizaea – Schizaeaceae Microsorum – Polypodiaceae Microstaphyla = Elaphoglossum – Dryopteridaceae Microstegia = Diplazium – Athyriaceae Microstegnus = Cyathea – Cyatheaceae Microterus = Selliguea – Polypodiaceae Microtrichomanes = Hymenophyllum – Hymenophyllaceae Mildella – Pteridaceae Mohria = Anemia – Anemiaceae Monachosorella = Monachosorum – Dennstaedtiaceae Monachosorum – Dennstaedtiaceae Monochlaena = Didymochlaena – Dryopteridaceae Monogonia = Thelypteris – Thelypteridaceae Monogramma – Pteridaceae Monomelangium = Diplazium – Athyriaceae Mortoniopteris = Trichomanes – Hymenophyllaceae Muelleria = Trichomanes – Hymenophyllaceae Myriodon = Hymenophyllum – Hymenophyllaceae Myriopteris = Cheilanthes – Pteridaceae Myriotheca = Marattia – Marattiaceae Myrmecophila = Lecanopteris – Polypodiaceae CHRISTENHUSZ ET AL. Myrmecopteris = Lecanopteris – Polypodiaceae Myrmecostylum = Hymenophyllum – Hymenophyllaceae Nannothelypteris = Thelypteris – Thelypteridaceae Negripteris = Aleuritopteris – Pteridaceae Nematopera = Peranema – Dryopteridaceae Nematopteris – Polypodiaceae Neoathyrium = Cornopteris – Athyriaceae Neocheiropteris – Polypodiaceae Neolepisorus – Polypodiaceae Neoniphopsis = Pyrrosia – Polypodiaceae Neotriblemma = Deparia – Athyriaceae Neottopteris = Asplenium – Aspleniaceae Nephelea = Alsophila – Cyatheaceae Nephopteris – Pteridaceae Nephrodium = Dryopteris (type: N. filix-mas (L.) Rich., here designated) – Dryopteridaceae (This genus has in the past been applied to species belonging to a a wide range of genera. Nephrodium filix-mas is mentioned in the protologue and is therefore the best type candidate). Nephrolepis – Nephrolepidaceae Nesolindsaea – Lindsaeaceae Nesopteris = Trichomanes – Hymenophyllaceae Nesoris = Pyrrosia – Polypodiaceae Neurocallis = Pteris – Pteridaceae Neurodium = Pleopeltis – Polypodiaceae Neurogramma = Hemionitis – Pteridaceae Neuromanes = Trichomanes – Hymenophyllaceae Neuronia = Oleandra – Oleandraceae Neurophyllum = Trichomanes – Hymenophyllaceae Neuroplatyceros = Platycerium – Polypodiaceae Neuropteris = Saccoloma – Dennstaedtiaceae Neurosoria = Cryptogramma – Pteridaceae Neurosorus = Coniogramme – Pteridaceae Niphidium – Polypodiaceae Niphobolus = Pyrrosia – Polypodiaceae Niphopsis = Pyrrosia – Polypodiaceae Nistarika = Leptochilus – Polypodiaceae Nothochlaena = Notholaena – Pteridaceae Notholaena – Pteridaceae Nothoperanema = Dryopteris – Dryopteridaceae Notogramme = Coniogramme – Pteridaceae Notolepeum = Asplenium – Aspleniaceae Ochlogramma = Diplazium – Athyriaceae Ochropteris = Pteris – Pteridaceae Odontoloma = Lindsaea - Lindsaeaceae Odontomanes = Trichomanes – Hymenophyllaceae Odontopteris – Lygodium – Lygodiaceae Odontosoria – Lindsaeaceae Oenotrichia – Dennstaedtiaceae Oeosporangium = Cheilanthes – Pteridaceae Oetosis = Pyrrosia – Polypodiaceae Oleandra – Oleandraceae Oleandropsis* – Polypodiaceae Olfersia – Dryopteridaceae Oligocampia = Athyrium – Athyriaceae Onoclea – Onocleaceae Onocleopsis – Onocleaceae CLASSIFICATION OF FERNS & LYCOPHYTES Onopteris = Asplenium – Aspleniaceae Onychium – Pteridaceae Oochlamys = Thelypteris? – Thelypteridaceae Ophiala = Helminthostachys – Ophioglossaceae Ophioderma = Ophioglossum – Ophioglossaceae Ophioglossum – Ophioglossaceae Ophiopteris = Oleandra – Oleandraceae Oreogrammitis – Polypodiaceae Oreopteris = Thelypteris – Thelypteridaceae Ormoloma = Lindsaea – Lindsaeaceae Ormopteris = Pellaea – Pteridaceae Ornithopteris = Anemia – Anemiaceae Orthiopteris* (= Saccoloma?) – Saccolomataceae Orthogramma = Blechnum – Blechnaceae Osmolindsaea – Lindsaeaceae Osmunda – Osmundaceae Osmundastrum – Osmundaceae Osmundopteris = Botrychium – Ophioglossaceae Othonoloma = Cheilanthes – Pteridaceae Oxygonium = Diplazium – Athyriaceae Pachyderris = Tectaria – Tectariaceae Pachyloma = Hymenophyllum – Hymenophyllaceae Pachypleuria = Davallia – Davalliaceae Paesia – Dennstaedtiaceae Palhinhaea = Lycopodiella – Lycopodiaceae Paltonium = Pleopeltis – Polypodiaceae Panicularia = Thyrsopteris – Thyrsopteridaceae Papuapteris = Polystichum – Dryopteridaceae Parablechnum = Blechnum – Blechnaceae Paraceterach* – Pteridaceae Paradavallodes = Davallodes – Davalliaceae Paradennstaedtia = Dennstaedtia – Dennstaedtiaceae Paragramma – Polypodiaceae Paragymnopteris – Pteridaceae Parahemionitis = Hemionitis – Pteridaceae Paraleptochilus = Leptochilus – Polypodiaceae Parapolystichum = Lastreopsis – Dryopteridaceae Paraselliguea – Polypodiaceae Parasorus = Davallia – Davalliaceae Parathelypteris = Thelypteris – Thelypteridaceae Parathyrium = Deparia – Athyriaceae Parestia = Davallia – Davalliaceae Parkeria = Ceratopteris = Pteridaceae Patanema = Tectaria – Tectariaceae Patania = Dennstaedtia – Dennstaedtiaceae Pecluma – Polypodiaceae Pelazoneuron = Cyclosorus – Thelypteridaceae Pellaea – Pteridaceae Pellaeopsis = Pellaea – Pteridaceae Peltapteris = Elaphoglossum – Dryopteridaceae Peltochlaena = Polystichum – Dryopteridaceae Pentagramma – Pteridaceae Pentarhizidium – Onocleaceae Peranema* = Dryopteris? – Dryopteridaceae Pericoptis = Lindsaea – Lindsaeaceae Peripteris = Pteris – Pteridaceae Pessopteris = Niphidium – Polypodiaceae Phanerophlebia – Dryopteridaceae Phytotaxa 19 © 2011 Magnolia Press • 37 Phanerophlebiopsis = Arachniodes – Dryopteridaceae Phanerosorus – Matoniaceae Phegopteris – Thelypteridaceae Phlebiogonium = Tectaria – Tectariaceae Phlebiophyllum = Trichomanes – Hymenophyllaceae Phlebodium – Polypodiaceae Phlegmariurus = Huperzia – Lycopodiaceae Phorolobus = Cryptogramma – Pteridaceae Photinopteris = Aglaomorpha – Polypodiaceae Phyllitis = Asplenium – Aspleniaceae Phyllitopsis = Asplenium – Aspleniaceae Phylloglossum = Huperzia – Lycopodiaceae Phymatodes = Phymatosorus – Dipteridaceae Phymatopsis = Phymatopteris – Polypodiaceae Phymatopteris – Polypodiaceae Phymatosorus – Polypodiaceae Physematium = Woodsia – Woodsiaceae Pichisermollia = Phymatopteris –Polypodiaceae Pilularia – Marsileaceae Pinonia = Cibotium – Cibotiaceae Pityrogramma – Pteridaceae Plagiogyria – Plagiogyriaceae Plananthus = Huperzia – Lycopodiaceae Platycerium – Polypodiaceae Platygyria = Lepisorus – Polypodiaceae Platyloma = Pellaea – Pteridaceae Platyzoma = Pteris – Pteridaceae Platytaenia = Taenitis – Pteridaceae Plecosorus = Polystichum – Dryopteridaceae Plenasium = Osmunda – Osmundaceae Pleocnemia* – Tectariaceae Pleopeltis – Polypodiaceae Plesioneuron = Cyclosorus – Thelypteridaceae Pleuridium = Niphidium – Polypodiaceae Pleuroderris = Tectaria – Tectariaceae Pleurofossa = Monogramma – Pteridaceae Pleurogramme = Cochlidium – Polypodiaceae Pleuromanes = Trichomanes – Hymenophyllaceae Pleurosoriopsis – Polypodiaceae Pleurosorus = Asplenium – Aspleniaceae Pneumatopteris = Cyclosorus – Thelypteridaceae Podeilema = Peranema – Dryopteridaceae Podopeltis = Tectaria – Tectariaceae Podosorus – Polypodiaceae Poecilopteris = Bolbitis – Dryopteridaceae Poikilopteris = Bolbitis – Dryopteridaceae Polybotrya – Dryopteridaceae Polycampium = Pyrrosia – Dryopteridaceae Polydictyum = Tectaria – Tectariaceae Polygramma = Plagiogyria – Plagiogyriaceae Polyphlebium (= Trichomanes) – Hymenophyllaceae Polypodiastrum = Goniophlebium – Polypodiaceae Polypodiodes = Goniophlebium – Polypodiaceae Polypodiopsis = Selliguea – Polypodiaceae Polypodiopteris – Polypodiaceae Polypodium – Polypodiaceae Polystichopsis – Dryopteridaceae Polystichum – Dryopteridaceae 38 • Phytotaxa 19 © 2011 Magnolia Press Polytaenium – Pteridaceae Porpaea = Polystichum – Dryopteridaceae Prionopteris = Matonia – Matoniaceae Proferea = Thelypteris – Thelypteridaceae Pronephrium = Cyclosorus – Thelypteridaceae Prosaptia – Polypodiaceae Protangiopteris = Angiopteris – Marattiaceae Protolindsaya = Tapeinidium – Lindsaeaceae Protomarattia = Angiopteris – Marattiaceae Protowoodsia = Woodsia – Woodsiaceae Psammiosorus* – Tectariaceae Pseudathyrium = Athyrium – Athyriaceae Pseudocolysis = Pleopeltis – Polypodiaceae Pseudocyclosorus = Cyclosorus – Thelypteridaceae Pseudocystopteris = Athyrium – Athyriaceae Pseudodiphasium = Lycopodium – Lycopodiaceae Pseudodrynaria = Aglaomorpha – Polypodiaceae Pseudolycopodiella = Lycopodiella – Lycopodiaceae Pseudolycopodium = Lycopodium – Lycopodiaceae Pseudomecodium = Hymenophyllum – Hymenophyllaceae Pseudophegopteris – Thelypteridaceae Pseudotectaria = Tectaria – Tectariaceae Psidopodium = Dryopteris – Dryopteridaceae Psilodochea = Angiopteris – Marattiaceae Psilogramme = Jamesonia – Pteridaceae Psilotum – Psilotaceae Psomiocarpa – Tectariaceae Psygmium = Aglaomorpha – Polypodiaceae Pteretis = Matteuccia – Onocleaceae Pteridanetium = Anetium – Pteridaceae Pteridella = Pellaea – Pteridaceae Pteridium – Dennstaedtiaceae Pteridoblechnum* (= Blechnum?) – Blechnaceae Pteridrys – Tectariaceae Pteriglyphis = Diplazium – Athyriaceae Pterilis = Matteuccia – Onocleaceae Pterinodes = Onoclea – Onocleaceae Pteris – Pteridaceae Pteromanes = Trichomanes – Hymenophyllaceae Pteropsis = Pyrrosia – Polypodiaceae Pterozonium – Pteridaceae Ptilophyllum = Trichomanes – Hymenophyllaceae Ptilopteris = Monachosorum – Dennstaedtiaceae Ptisana – Marattiaceae Ptychomanes = Hymenophyllum – Hymenophyllaceae Ptychophyllum = Hymenophyllum – Hymenophyllaceae Pycnodoria = Pteris – Pteridaceae Pycnoloma = Selliguea – Polypodiaceae Pycnopteris = Dryopteris – Dryopteridaceae Pyrrosia – Polypodiaceae Pyxidaria = Trichomanes – Hymenophyllaceae Quercifilix = Tectaria – Tectariaceae Radiogrammitis – Polypodiaceae Radiovittaria – Pteridaceae Ragatelus = Trichomanes – Hymenophyllaceae Ragiopteris = Onoclea – Onocleaceae Ramondia = Lygodium – Lygodiaceae CHRISTENHUSZ ET AL. Reediella = Trichomanes – Hymenophyllaceae Regnellidium – Marsileaceae Revwattsia – Dryopteridaceae Rhachidosorus – Rhachidosoraceae Rheopteris – Pteridaceae Rhipidopteris = Elaphoglossum – Dryopteridaceae Rhizoglossum = Ophioglossum – Ophioglossaceae Rhizosperma = Azolla – Salviniaceae Rhizomatopteris = Cystopteris – Cystopteridaceae Riedlea = Onoclea – Onocleaceae Ripidium = Schizaea – Schizaeaceae Rosenstockia = Hymenophyllum – Hymenophyllaceae Rumohra – Dryopteridaceae Saccoloma – Saccolomataceae Sadleria (= Blechnum?) – Blechnaceae Saffordia = Trachypteris – Pteridaceae Sagenia = Tectaria – Tectariaceae Salpichlaena (= Blechnum?) – Blechnaceae Salpiglaena = Salpichlaena – Blechnaceae Salpinchlaena = Salpichlaena – Blechnaceae Salvinia – Salviniaceae Sambirania = Lindsaea – Lindsaeaceae Saxiglossum = Pyrrosia – Polypodiaceae Sceptridium = Botrychium – Ophioglossaceae Schaffneria = Asplenium – Aspleniaceae Schellolepis = Goniophlebium – Polypodiaceae Schizaea – Schizaeaceae Schizocaena = Cyathea – Cyatheaceae Schizogramma = Hemionitis? – Pteridaceae Schizolegnia = Lindsaea – Lindsaeaceae Schizolepton = Taenitis – Pteridaceae Schizoloma = Lindsaea – Lindsaeacea e Schizopteris = Pteris – Pteridaceae Schizostege = Pteris – Pteridaceae Scleroglossum – Polypodiaceae Scoliosorus – Pteridaceae Scolopendrium = Asplenium – Aspleniaceae Scyphofilix = Microlepia – Dennstaedtiaceae Scypholepia = Microlepia – Dennstaedtiaceae Scyphopteris = Microlepia – Dennstaedtiaceae Scyphularia = Davallia – Davalliaceae Selaginella – Selaginellaceae Selenodesmium = Trichomanes – Hymenophyllaceae Selliguea – Polypodiaceae Serpocaulon – Polypodiaceae Serpyllopsis = Hymenophyllum – Hymenophyllaceae Sinephropteris = Asplenium – Aspleniaceae Sinopteris = Cheilanthes – Pteridaceae Sitobolium = Dennstaedtia – Dennstaedtiaceae Sitolobium = Dennstaedtia – Dennstaedtiaceae Solanopteris = Microgramma – Polypodiaceae Sorolepidium = Polystichum – Dryopteridaceae Soromanes = Polybotrya – Dryopteridaceae Spathepteris = Anemia – Anemiaceae Sphaerocionium = Hymenophyllum – Hymenophyllaceae Sphaeropteris – Cyatheaceae Sphaerostephanos = Cyclosorus – Thelypteridaceae Sphaerostichum = Pyrrosia – Polypodiaceae CLASSIFICATION OF FERNS & LYCOPHYTES Sphenomeris – Lindsaeaceae Spheroidea = Pilularia – Marsileaceae Spicanta = Blechnum – Blechnaceae Spicantopsis = Blechnum – Blechnaceae Spinulum = Lycopodium – Lycopodiaceae Stachygynandrum = Selaginella – Selaginellaceae Steenisioblechnum = Blechnum – Blechnaceae Stegania = Blechnum – Blechnaceae Stegnogramma = Cyclosorus – Thelypteridaceae Steiropteris = Cyclosorus – Thelypteridaceae Stenochlaena (= Blechnum?) – Blechnaceae Stenochlamys = Davalla? – Davalliaceae Stenofilix = Cochlidium – Polypodiaceae Stenolepia – Dryopteridaceae Stenolobus = Davallia – Davalliaceae Stenoloma = Odontosoria – Lindsaeaceae Stenosemia = Tectaria – Tectariaceae Stibasia = Marattia – Marattiaceae Sticherus – Gleicheniaceae Stigmatopteris – Dryopteridaceae Stormesia = Asplenium – Apleniaceae Stromatopteris – Gleicheniaceae Struthiopteris = Blechnum – Blechnaceae Stylites = Isoëtes – Isoëtaceae Symphlebium = Lindsaea – Lindsaeaceae Synammia – Polypodiaceae Synaphlebium = Lindsaea – Lindsaeaceae Syneuron - Cyclosorum – Thelypteridaceae Syngramma – Pteridaceae Syngrammatopsis = Pterozonium – Pteridaceae Synochlamys = Pellaea – Pteridaceae Taeniopsis = Vittaria – Pteridaceae Taeniopteris = Vittaria – Pteridaceae Taenitis – Pteridaceae Tapeinidium – Lindsaeaceae Tarachia = Asplenium – Aspleniaceae Taschneria = Trichomanes – Hymenophyllaceae Tectaria – Tectariaceae Tectaridium = Tectaria ? – Tectariaceae Tegularia = Didymochlaena – Dryopteridaceae Teleozoma = Ceratopteris – Pteridaceae Teratophyllum – Dryopteridaceae Terpsichore – Polypodiaceae Tetralasma = Hymenophyllum – Hymenophyllaceae Thamnopteris = Asplenium – Aspleniaceae Thayeria = Aglaomorpha – Polypodiaceae Thelypteris – Thelypteridaceae Themelium – Polypodiaceae Thylacopteris – Polypodiaceae Thyrsopteris – Thyrsopteridaceae Thysanobotrya = Alsophila – Cyatheaceae Thysanosoria – Lomariopsidaceae Tmesipteris – Psilotaceae Todea – Osmundaceae Tomophyllum – Polypodiaceae Toppingia = Thelypteris – Thelypteridaceae Toxopteris = Syngramma – Pteridaceae Trachypremnon = Cyathea – Cyatheaceae Phytotaxa 19 © 2011 Magnolia Press • 39 Trachypteris – Pteridaceae Tragostolon = Davallia – Davalliaceae Triblemma = Deparia – Athyriaceae Trichiocarpa = Tectaria – Tectariaceae Trichiogramme = Syngramma – Pteridaceae Trichipteris = Cyathea – Cyatheaceae Trichocyclus = Woodsia – Woodsiaceae Tricholepidium – Polypodiaceae Trichomanes – Hymenophyllaceae Trichoneuron = Lastreopsis – Dryopteridaceae Trichopteris = Cyathea – Cyatheaceae Trichosorus = Alsophila – Cyatheaceae Trigonophyllum = Trichomanes – Hymenophyllaceae Trigonospora = Cyclosorus – Thelypteridaceae Triphlebia = Asplenium – Aspleniaceae Triplophyllum – Tectariaceae Trismeria = Pityrogramma – Pteridaceae Trochopteris = Anemia – Anemiaceae 40 • Phytotaxa 19 © 2011 Magnolia Press Trogostolon = Davallia – Davalliaceae Tryonella – Pteridaceae Ugena = Lygodium – Lygodiaceae Urostachys = Huperzia – Lycopodiaceae Vaginularia = Monogramma – Pteridaceae Vallifilix = Lygodium – Lygodiaceae Vandenboschia (= Trichomanes) – Hymenophyllaceae Vittaria – Pteridaceae Wagneriopteris – Tectariaceae Weatherbya = Lemmaphyllum – Polypodiaceae Wibelia = Davallia – Davalliaceae Woodsia – Woodsiaceae Woodwardia – Blechnaceae Xiphopterella – Polypodiaceae Xiphopteris = Cochlidium – Polypodiaceae Xyropteris – Lindsaeaceae Zygophlebia – Polypodiaceae CHRISTENHUSZ ET AL. Appendix 2. Index of fern and lycophyte genera accepted in the linear sequence. In numerical order of family, in linear order where phylogenies are known, otherwise alphabetically within (sub-)families. Type (T) information is provided. 1. Lycopodiaceae 1.1. Huperzia Bernh., J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800(2): 126 (1801). T.: Huperzia selago (L.) Bernh. ex Schrank & Mart. (Lycopodium selago L.) 1.2. Lycopodiella Holub, Preslia 36: 20 (1964). T.: Lycopodiella inundata (L.) Holub (Lycopodium inundatum L.) 1.3. Lycopodium L., Sp. Pl. 1100 (1753). T.: Lycopodium clavatum L. 2. Isoëtaceae 2.1. Isoëtes L., Sp. Pl. 1100 (1753). T.: Isoëtes lacustris L. 3. Selaginellaceae 3.1. Selaginella P.Beauv., Prodr. 101 (1805), nom. cons. T.: Selaginella spinosa P.Beauv., nom. illeg. = S. selaginoides (L.) Link ≈≈≈≈≈ 4. Equisetaceae 4.1. Equisetum L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1061 (1753). T.: Equisetum fluviatile L. 5. Ophioglossaceae 5.1. Cheiroglossa C.Presl, Suppl. Tent. Pterid. 56 (1845). T.: Cheiroglossa palmata (L.) C.Presl (Ophioglossum palmatum L.) 5.2. Botrychium Sw., J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800(2): 8 (1801). T.: Botrychium lunaria (L.) Sw. (Osmunda lunaria L.) 5.3. Helminthostachys Kaulf., Enum. Filic. 28 (1824). T.: Helminthostachys dulcis Kaulf., nom. illeg. = H. zeylanica (L.) Hook. 5.4. Mankyua B.-Y.Sun, M.H.Kim & C.H.Kim, Taxon 50: 1020 (2002). T.: Mankyua chejuense B.-Y.Sun, M.H.Kim & C.H.Kim 5.5. Ophioglossum L., Sp. Pl. 1062 (1753). T.: Ophioglossum vulgatum L. 6. Psilotaceae 6.1. Psilotum Sw., J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800(2): 8 (1801). T.: Psilotum triquetrum Sw., nom. illeg. = P. nudum (L.) P.Beauv. 6.2. Tmesipteris Bernh., J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800(2): 131 (1801). T.: Tmesipteris tannensis (Spreng.) Bernh. (Lycopodium tannense Spreng.) 7. Marattiaceae 7.1. Danaea Sm., Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Turin 5: 420. t. 9, f. 11 (1793), nom. cons. T.: Danaea nodosa (L.) Sm. (Acrostichum nodosum L.) 7.2. Eupodium J.Sm., J. Bot. (Hooker) 4: 190 (1841). T.: Eupodium kaulfussii (J.Sm. ex Hook.) J.Sm. ex Hook. (Marattia kaulfussii J.Sm. ex Hook.) 7.3. Ptisana Murdock, Taxon 57(3): 744 (2008). T.: Ptisana salicina (Sm.) Murdock (Marattia salicina Sm.) CLASSIFICATION OF FERNS & LYCOPHYTES Phytotaxa 19 © 2011 Magnolia Press • 41 7.4. Christensenia Maxon, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 18: 239 (1905). Substitute name for Kaulfussia Blume (1828), non Kaulfussia Nees (1820). T.: Christensenia aesculifolia (Blume) Maxon (Aspidium aesculifolium Blume) 7.5. Angiopteris Hoffm., Commentat. Soc. Regiae Sci. Gott. 12 (Cl. Phys.): 29 (1796), nom. cons., non Angiopteris Adanson (1763), nom. rej. (= Onoclea). T.: Angiopteris evecta (G.Forst.) Hoffm. (Polypodium evectum G. Forst.) 7.6. Marattia Sw., Prodr. 8 (1788). T.: Marattia alata Sw. 8. Osmundaceae 8.1. Osmundastrum C.Presl, Gefässbündel Farrn 18 (1847). T.: Osmundastrum cinnamomeum (L.) C.Presl (Osmunda cinnamomea L.) 8.2. Leptopteris C.Presl, Suppl. Tent. Pterid. 70 (1845), non Leptopteris Blume (1850). T.: Leptopteris hymenophylloides (A.Rich.) C.Presl (Todea hymenophylloides A.Rich.) 8.3. Todea Willd. ex Bernh., J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800(2): 126 (1801). T.: Todea africana Willd. ex Bernh, nom. illeg. = T. barbara (L.) T.Moore 8.4. Osmunda L., Sp. Pl. 1063 (1753). T.: Osmunda regalis L. 9. Hymenophyllaceae 9.1. Hymenophyllum Sm., Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Turin 5: 418. t. 9(8) (1793). T.: Hymenophyllum tunbrigense (L.) Sm. (Trichomanes tunbrigense L.) 9.2. Cephalomanes C.Presl, Hymenophyllaceae 17. t. 5 (1843). T.: Cephalomanes atrovirens C.Presl 9.3. Abrodictyum C.Presl, Hymenophyllaceae 20. t. 7 (1843). T.: Abrodictyum cumingii C.Presl 9.4. Trichomanes L, Sp. Pl. 1097 (1753), nom. cons., non Trichomanes Hill (1757, = Asplenium). T.: Trichomanes crispum L., typ. cons. 9.5. Callistopteris Copel., Occas. Pap. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mus. 14: 49 (1938). T.: Callistopteris apiifolia (C.Presl) Copel. (Trichomanes apiifolium C.Presl) 9.6. Polyphlebium Copel., Philipp. J. Sci. 67: 55 (1938). Substitute name for Phlebiophyllum Bosch (1861), non Phlebophyllum Nees (1832). T.: Polyphlebium venosum (R.Br.) Copel. (Trichomanes venosum R.Br.). 9.7. Didymoglossum Desv., Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6: 330 (1827). T.: Didymoglossum muscoides (Sw.) Desv. (Trichomanes muscoides Sw.) 9.8. Vandenboschia Copel., Philipp. J. Sci. 67: 51 (1938). T.: Vandenboschia radicans (Sw.) Copel. (Trichomanes radicans Sw.) 9.9. Crepidomanes C.Presl, Epimel. Bot. 258 (1851). T.: Crepidomanes intramarginale (Hook. & Grev.) C.Presl (Trichomanes intramarginale Hook. & Grev.) 10. Gleicheniaceae 10.1. Diplopterygium (Diels) Nakai, Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 29: 47 (1950). Gleichenia subgenus Mertensia section Diplopterygium Diels in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1(4): 353 (1900). T.: Diplopterygium glaucum (Thunb. ex Houtt.) Nakai (Polypodium glaucum Thunb. ex Houtt.) 10.2. Dicranopteris Bernh., Neues J. Bot. 1(2): 38 (1806), non Dicranopteris Zalessky (1937, fossil fern). T.: Dicranopteris dichotoma (Thunb.) Bernh. (Polypodium dichotomum Thunb.) Substitute name for Mertensia Willdenow (1804), non Mertensia Roth, nom. cons. (1797) 10.3. Gleichenella Ching, Sunyatsenia 5: 276 (1940). T.: Gleichenella pectinata (Willd.) Ching (Mertensia pectinata Willd.) 10.4. Sticherus C.Presl, Tent. Pterid. 51 (1836). T.: Sticherus laevigatus (Willd.) C.Presl (Mertensia laevigata Willd.) 10.5. Gleichenia Sm., Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Turin 5: 419. 1793, nom. cons., non Gleichenia Necker (1790 = Dryopteridaceae). T.: Gleichenia polypodioides (L.) Sm. (Onoclea polypodioides L.) 42 • Phytotaxa 19 © 2011 Magnolia Press CHRISTENHUSZ ET AL. 10.6. Stromatopteris Mett., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. ser. 4. 15: 84 (1861). T.: Stromatopteris moniliformis Mett. 11. Dipteridaceae 11.1. Cheiropleuria C.Presl, Epimel. Bot. 189 (1851). T.: Cheiropleuria bicuspis (Blume) C.Presl (Polypodium bicuspe Blume) 11.2. Dipteris Reinw., Syll. Pl. Nov. 2: 3 (1825). T.: Dipteris conjugata Reinw. 12. Matoniaceae 12.1. Matonia R.Br., Pl. Asiat. Rar. (Wallich) 1: 16 (1829), non Matonia Stephenson & Churchill (1831, = Elettaria, Zingiberaceae) T.: Matonia pectinata R.Br. 12.2. Phanerosorus Copel., Philipp. J. Sci., C 3: 344 (1909). T.: Phanerosorus sarmentosus (Baker) Copel. (Matonia sarmentosa Baker) 13. Lygodiaceae 13.1. Lygodium Sw., J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800(2): 7 (1801), nom. cons. T.: Lygodium scandens (L.) Sw. (Ophioglossum scandens L.) 14. Schizaeaceae 14.1. Actinostachys Wallich, Numer. List 1 (1829). T.: Actinostachys digitata (L.) Wallich (Acrostichum digitatum L.) 14.2. Schizaea Sm., Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Turin 5: 419. t. 9, f. 9 (1793), nom. cons. T.: Schizaea dichotoma (L.) Sm. (Acrostichum dichotomum L.) 15. Anemiaceae 15.1. Anemia Sw., Syn. Fil. (Swartz) 6. 1806 (nom. cons.), non Anemia Nuttall (1838 = Anemopsis, Saururaceae) T.: Anemia phyllitidis (L.) Sw. (Osmunda phyllitidis L.). 16. Marsileaceae 16.1. Pilularia L., Sp. Pl. 1100 (1753). T.: Pilularia globulifera L. 16.2. Regnellidium Lindman, Ark. Bot. 3(6): 2 (1904). T.: Regnellidium diphyllum Lindman 16.3. Marsilea L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1099 (1753), non Marsilea Adanson (1763 = liverwort). T.: Marsilea quadrifolia L. 17. Salviniaceae 17.1. Azolla Lam., Encycl. (Lamarck) 1: 343 (1783). T.: Azolla filiculoides Lam. 17.2. Salvinia Ség., Fl. Veron. 3: 52 (1754). T.: Salvinia natans (L.) All. (Marsilea natans L) 18. Thyrsopteridaceae 18.1. Thyrsopteris Kunze, Linnaea 9: 507 (1835). T.: Thyrsopteris elegans Kunze 19. Loxsomataceae 19.1. Loxsoma R.Br. ex A.Cunn., Companion Bot. Mag. 2: 366 (1837), as 'Loxoma'. Printing error corrected by Hooker, Gen. Fil. ad t. 15 (1838). T.: Loxsoma cunninghamii R.Br. ex A.Cunn. 19.2. Loxsomopsis Christ, Bull. Herb. Boissier ser. 2. 4: 399 (1904). T.: Loxsomopsis costaricensis Christ CLASSIFICATION OF FERNS & LYCOPHYTES Phytotaxa 19 © 2011 Magnolia Press • 43 20. Culcitaceae 20.1. Culcita C.Presl, Tent. Pterid. 135. t. 5(5) (1836). T.: Culcita macrocarpa C.Presl (Dicksonia culcita l'Hér.) 21. Plagiogyriaceae 21.1. Plagiogyria (Kunze) Mett., Abh. Senckenberg. Naturf. Ges. 2: 265 (1858). Lomaria sect. Plagiogyria Kunze, Farnkräuter 2: 63 (1850). T.: Plagiogyria euphlebia (Kunze) Mett. (Lomaria euphlebia Kunze) 22. Cibotiaceae 22.1. Cibotium Kaulf., Berlin. Jahrb. Pharm. Verbundenen Wiss. 21: 53 (1820). T.: Cibotium chamissoi Kaulf. 23. Cyatheaceae 23.1. Alsophila R.Br., Prodr. 158 (1810). T.: Alsophila australis R.Br. 23.2. Cyathea Sm., Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Turin 5: 416 (1793). T.: Cyathea arborea (L.) Sm. (Polypodium arboreum L.) 23.3. Gymnosphaera Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae 2: 242. (1828), non Gymnosphaera Tassi (1902 = fungus). T.: Gymnosphaera glabra Blume 23.4. Sphaeropteris Bernh., J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800(2): 122. t. 1(1) (1801), non Sphaeropteris Wallich (1830 = Peranema). T.: Sphaeropteris medullaris (G.Forst.) Bernh. (Polypodium medullare G.Forst.) 24. Dicksoniaceae 24.1. Calochlaena (Maxon) R.A.White & M.D.Turner, Amer. Fern J. 78: 91 (1988). Culcita subg. Calochlaena Maxon, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 12: 458 (1922). T.: Calochlaena dubia (R.Br.) M.D.Turner & R.A.White (Davallia dubia R.Br.) 24.2. Dicksonia l'Hér., Sert. Angl. 30 (1789). T.: Dicksonia arborescens l'Hér. 24.3. Lophosoria C.Presl, Gefässbündel Farrn 36 (1847). T.: Lophosoria pruinata (Sw.) C.Presl (Polypodium pruinatum Sw.) 25. Metaxyaceae 25.1. Metaxya C.Presl, Tent. Pterid. 59. t. 1(5) (1836). T.: Metaxya rostrata (Kunth) C.Presl (Aspidium rostratum Kunth) 26. Lonchitidaceae 26.1. Lonchitis L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1078 (1753), non Lonchitis Bubani (1901 = Orchidaceae) T.: Lonchitis hirsuta L. 27. Saccolomataceae 27.1. Saccoloma Kaulf., Berlin. Jahrb. Pharm. Verbundenen Wiss. 21: 51 (1820). T.: Saccoloma elegans Kaulf. 27.2. Orthiopteris Copel., Bull. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 59: 14 (1929). T.: Orthiopteris ferulacea (T.Moore) Copel. (Davallia ferulacea T.Moore) 28. Cystodiaceae 28.1. Cystodium J.Sm., Gen. Fil. (Hooker) t. 96 (1841), nom. cons., non Cystodium Fée (1837, nom rej. = lichen) T.: Cystodium sorbifolium (Sm.) J.Sm. (Dicksonia sorbifolia Sm.) 29. Lindsaeaceae 29.1. Sphenomeris Maxon, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3: 144 (1913), nom. cons. T.: Sphenomeris clavata (L.) Maxon (Adiantum clavatum L.) 44 • Phytotaxa 19 © 2011 Magnolia Press CHRISTENHUSZ ET AL. 29.2. Odontosoria Fée, Mém. Foug., 5. Gen. Filic.: 325 (1852). T.: Odontosoria uncinella (Kunze) Fée (Davallia uncinella Kunze) = O. scandens (Desv.) C.Chr. 29.3. Nesolindsaea Lehtonen & Christenh., Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 163: 336 (2010). T. Nesolindsaea caudata (Hook.) Lehtonen & Christenh. (Lindsaea caudata Hook.) 29.4. Osmolindsaea (K.U.Kramer) Lehtonen & Christenh., Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 163: 335 (2010). Lindsaea Dryand. ex Sm. section Osmolindsaea K.U.Kramer, Blumea 15: 560 (1967). T.: Osmolindsaea odorata (Roxb.) Lehtonen & Christenh. (Lindsaea odorata Roxb.) 29.5. Tapeinidium (C.Presl) C.Chr., Index Filic. 631 (1906). Microlepia subg. Tapeinidium C.Presl, Epimel. Bot. 96 (1851). T.: Tapeinidium pinnatum (Cav.) C.Chr. (Davallia pinnata Cav.) 29.6. Xyropteris K.U.Kramer, Acta Bot. Neerl. 6: 599 (1958). T.: Xyropteris stortii (Alderw.) K.U.Kramer (Schizoloma stortii Alderw.) 29.7. Lindsaea Dryander ex Sm., Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Turin 5: 413. t. 9(4) (1793). T.: Lindsaea trapeziformis Dryand. (= Lindsaea lancea (L.) Bedd.) Note:—The genus name was often incorrectly spelled Lindsaya until Copeland (1947) restored the original spelling. 30. Dennstaedtiaceae 30.1. Monachosorum Kunze, Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 6: 119 (1848). T.: Monachosorum davallioides Kunze 30.2. Pteridium Gled. ex Scop., Fl. Carniol. 169 (1760), nom. cons., non Pteridium Raf. (1814, = Pteris), nec Pteridium (Kuetzing) J.Agardh (1898 = red alga). T.: Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn (Pteris aquilina L.) 30.3. Hypolepis Bernh., Neues J. Bot. 1(2): 34 (1805), non Hypolepis Persoon (1807 = Rafflesiaceae), nec Hypolepis P.Beauv. ex Lestiboudois (1819 = Cyperaceae), nec Hypolepis Nees (1829 = Poaceae). T.: Hypolepis tenuifolia (G.Forst.) Bernh. ex C.Presl (Lonchitis tenuifolia G.Forst.) 30.4. Paesia St.-Hil., Voy. Distr. Diam. 1: 381 (1833). T.: Paesia viscosa St.-Hil. 30.5. Blotiella Tryon, Contr. Gray Herb. 191: 96 (1962). T.: Blotiella glabra (Bory) Tryon (Lonchitis glabra Bory) 30.6. Histiopteris (J.Agardh) J.Sm., Hist. Fil. 294 (1875). Pteris sect. Histiopteris J.Agardh, Recens. Spec. Pter. 76 (1839). T.: Histiopteris vespertilionis (Labill.) J.Sm. (Pteris vespertilionis Labill.) 30.7. Leptolepia Prantl, Arbeiten Königl. Bot. Gart. Breslau 1: 23 (1892). T.: Leptolepia novae-zelandiae (Col.) Mett. ex Diels (Davallia novae-zelandiae Col.) 30.8. Oenotrichia Copel., Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 16: 82 (1929). T.: Oenotrichia maxima (E.Fourn.) Copel. (Leucostegia maxima E.Fourn.) 30.9. Dennstaedtia Bernh., J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800(2): 124. t. 1(3) (1801). T.: Dennstaedtia flaccida (G.Forst.) Bernh. (Trichomanes flaccidum G.Forst.) 30.10. Microlepia C.Presl, Tent. Pterid. 124. t. 4 (1836). T.: Microlepia polypodioides (Sw.) C.Presl (Dicksonia polypodioides Sw.) 31. Pteridaceae 31.1. Llavea Lag., Gen. Sp. Pl. (Lagasca) 33 (1816), non Llavea Liebm. (1853 = Salicaceae) T.: Llavea cordifolia Lag. 31.2. Coniogramme Fée, Mém. Foug., 5. Gen. Filic. 167 (1852), nom. cons.). T.: Coniogramme javanica (Blume) Fée (Gymnogramma javanica Blume) 31.3. Cryptogramma R.Br. in Franklin, Narr. Journey Polar Sea 767 (1823). T.: Cryptogramma acrostichoides R.Br. 31.4. Acrostichum L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1067 (1753). T.: Acrostichum aureum L. 31.5. Ceratopteris Brongn., Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris 1821: 186 (1822). T.: Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.) Brongn. (Acrostichum thalictroides L.) 31.6. Actiniopteris Link, Fil. Spec. 79 (1841). T.: Actiniopteris radiata (Sw.) Link (Asplenium radiatum Sw.) CLASSIFICATION OF FERNS & LYCOPHYTES Phytotaxa 19 © 2011 Magnolia Press • 45 31.7. Anogramma Link, Fil. Spec. 137 (1841). T.: Anogramma leptophylla (L.) Link (Polypodium leptophyllum L.) 31.8. Aspleniopsis Mett. ex Kuhn, Festschr. 50 Jähr. Jubil. K. Realschule Berlin 324 (1882). T.: Aspleniopsis decipiens (Mett.) Mett. ex Kuhn (Gymnogramma decipiens Mett.) 31.9. Austrogramme E.Fourn., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. ser. 5. 18: 278 (1873). T.: Austrogramme marginata (Mett.) E.Fourn. (Gymnogramma marginata Mett.) 31.10. Cerosora (Baker) Domin, Acta Bot. Bohem. 8: 3 (1929). Gymnogramma sect. Cerosora Baker, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 24: 260 (1887). T.: Cerosora chrysosorum (Baker) Domin (Gymnogramma chrysosora Baker) 31.11. Cosentinia Todaro, Giorn. Sci. Nat. Econ. Palermo 1: 219 (1866). T.: Cosentinia vellea (Aiton) Todaro (Acrostichum velleum Aiton) 31.12. Jamesonia Hook. & Grev., Icon. Filic. 2: t. 178 (1830). T.: Jamesonia pulchra Hook. & Grev. 31.13. Nephopteris Lell., Amer. Fern J. 56: 180 (1966). T.: Nephopteris maxonii Lell. 31.15. Onychium Kaulf., Berlin. Jahrb. Pharm. Verbundenen Wiss. 21: 45 (1820), non Onychium Rheinw. (1825 = Lecanopteris), nec Onychium Blume (1825 = Orchidaceae). T.: Onychium capense Kaulf. 31.16. Pityrogramma Link, Handbuch 3: 19 (1833). T.: Pityrogramma chrysophylla (Sw.) Link (Acrostichum chrysophyllum Sw.) 31.18. Pteris L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1073 (1753), non Pteris Gled. ex Scop. (1760 = Dryopteris). T.: Pteris longifolia L. 31.19. Pterozonium Fée, Mém. Soc. Mus. Hist. Nat. Strasbourg 4: 202 (1850). T.: Pterozonium reniforme (Mart.) Fée (Gymnogramma reniformis Mart.) 31.20. Syngramma J.Sm., London J. Bot. 4: 168 (1845). T.: Syngramma alismifolia J.Sm. 31.21. Taenitis Willd. ex Schkuhr, Krypt. Gew. 1: 21 (1805). T.: Taenitis pteroides Willd. ex Schkuhr, nom. illeg. (= Pteris blechnoides Willd.) 31.22. Adiantopsis Fée, Mém. Foug., 5. Gen. Filic. 145 (1852). T.: Adiantopsis radiata (L.) Fée (Adiantum radiatum L.) 31.23. Aleuritopteris Fée, Mém. Foug., 5. Gen. Filic. 153 (1852). T.: Aleuritopteris farinosa (Forssk.) Fée (Pteris farinosa Forssk.) 31.24. Argyrochosma (J.Sm.) Windham, Amer. Fern J. 77: 38 (1987). Notholaena sect. Argyrochosma J.Sm., J. Bot. (Hooker) 4: 50 (1841). T.: Argyrochosma nivea (Poir.) Windham (Pteris nivea Poir.) 31.25. Aspidotis (Nutt. ex Hooker) Copel., Gen. Filic. (Copeland) 68 (1947). Hypolepis 'subdiv.' Aspidotis Nutt. ex Hooker, Sp. Fil. 2: 70 (1852). T.: Aspidotis californica (Hooker) Nutt. ex Copel. (Hypolepis californica Hooker) 31.26. Astrolepis D.M.Benham & Windham, Amer. Fern J. 82: 55 (1992). T.: Astrolepis sinuata (Lag. ex Sw.) D.M.Benham & Windham (Acrostichum sinuatum Lag. ex Sw.) 31.27. Bommeria E.Fourn. in Baillon, Dict. Bot. 1: 448 (1877), non Bommeria Kufferath, Ann. Biol. Lacustre 7: 259 (1914, = Euglenophyceae, algae) T.: Bommeria ehrenbergiana (Klotzsch) Underw. (Gymnogramma ehrenbergiana Klotzsch) 31.28. Calciphilopteris Yesilyurt & H.Schneid., Phytotaxa 7: 53 (2010). T.: Calciphilopteris ludens (Wall. ex Hook.) Yesilyurt & H.Schneid. 31.29. Cassebeera Kaulf., Enum. Filic. 216 (1824). T.: Cassebeera triphylla (Lam.) Kaulf. (Adiantum triphyllum Lam.) 31.30. Cheilanthes Sw., Syn. Fil. (Swartz) 5: 126 (1806), nom. cons. T.: Cheilanthes micropteris Sw. 31.31. Cheiloplecton Fée, Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Strasbourg 5: 33 (as 'Cheilopecton'), 135, t. 20 (1857). T.: Cheiloplecton rigidum (Sw.) Fée (Pteris rigida Sw.) 31.32. Doryopteris J.Sm., J. Bot. (Hooker) 3: 404 (1841), nom. cons. T.: Doryopteris palmata (Willd.) J.Sm. (Pteris palmata Willd.) 46 • Phytotaxa 19 © 2011 Magnolia Press CHRISTENHUSZ ET AL. 31.33. Hemionitis L., Sp. Pl. 1077 (1753). T.: Hemionitis palmata L. 31.34. Mildella Trev., Rendiconti Reale Ist. Lombardo Sci. Lett. ser. 2. 9: 810 (1877). T.: Mildella inframarginalis (Kaulf. ex Link) Trev. (Pteris inframarginalis Kaulf. ex Link) 31.35. Notholaena R.Br., Prodr. 145 (1810). T.: Notholaena trichomanoides (L.) Desv. (Pteris trichomanoides L.) 31.36. Paraceterach Copel., Gen. Filic. (Copeland) 75 (1947). T.: Paraceterach muelleri (Hooker) Copel. (Gymnogramma muelleri Hooker) 31.37. Paragymnopteris K.H.Shing, Indian Fern J. 10: 227 (1993). T: Paragymnopteris marantae (L.) K.H.Shing (Acrostichum marantae L.) 31.38. Pellaea Link, Fil. Spec. 59 (1841), nom. cons. T.: Pellaea atropurpurea (L.) Link (Pteris atropurpurea L.), typ. cons. 31.39. Pentagramma Yatsk., Windham & E.Wollenw., Amer. Fern J. 80(1): 13 (1991). T.: Pentagramma triangularis (Kaulf.) Yatsk., Windham & E.Wollenw. (Gymnogramma triangularis Kaulf.) 31.40. Trachypteris André ex Christ, Neue Denkschr. Allg. Schweiz. Ges. Gesammten Naturwiss. 36: 150 (1899). T.: Trachypteris aureonitens (Hooker) André ex Christ (Acrostichum aureonitens Hooker) 31.41. Tryonella Pic.Serm., Webbia 29: 14 (1975). Substitute name for Heteropteris Fée (1869), non Heteropterys Kunth (1822), nom. et orth. cons. T.: Heteropteris doryopteris Fée = Tryonella lonchophora (Mett.) Pic.Serm. 31.42. Adiantum L., Sp. Pl. 1094 (1753). T.: Adiantum capillus-veneris L. 31.43. Ananthacorus Underw. & Maxon ex Maxon, Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 10: 487. (1908). T.: Ananthacorus angustifolius (Sw.) Underw. & Maxon ex Maxon (Pteris angustifolia Sw.) 31.44. Antrophyum Kaulf., Enum. Filic. 197 (1824), as 'Anthrophyum'. T.: Antrophyum plantagineum (Cav.) Kaulf. (Hemionitis plantaginea Cav.) 31.45. Anetium Splitg., Tijdschr. Natuurl. Gesch. Physiol. 7: 395 (1840). T.: Anetium citrifolium (L.) Splitg. (Acrostichum citrifolium L.) 31.46. Haplopteris C.Presl, Tent. Pterid. 141. t. 5(21) (1836). T.: Haplopteris scolopendrina (Bory) C.Presl (Pteris scolopendrina Bory) 31.47. Hecistopteris J.Sm. in Benth., London J. Bot. 1: 193 (1842). T.: Hecistopteris pumila (Spreng.) J.Sm. (Gymnogramma pumila Spreng.) 31.48. Monogramma Comm. ex Schkuhr, Deutschl. Kryptog. Gew. 1: 82 (1808), non Monogramma C.G.Ehrenberg (= Bacillariophyta). T.: Monogramma graminea (Poir.) Schkuhr (Pteris graminea Poir.) 31.49. Polytaenium Desv., Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6: 174 (1827). T.: Polytaenium lanceolatum (Sw.) Desv. (Vittaria lanceolata Sw.) 31.50. Radiovittaria (Benedict) E.H.Crane, Syst. Bot. 22(3): 514 (1997). T.: Radiovittaria remota (Fée) E.H.Crane. (Vittaria remota Fée). 31.51. Rheopteris Alston, Nova Guinea ser. 2. 7: 2 (1956). T.: Rheopteris cheesmaniae Alston 31.52. Scoliosorus T.Moore, Index Fil. XXIX, t. 16(A) (1857). T.: Scoliosorus ensiformis (Hooker) T.Moore (Antrophyum ensiforme Hooker) 31.53. Vittaria Sm., Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Turin 5: 413. t. 9(5) (1793). T.: Vittaria lineata (L.) Sm. (Pteris lineata L.) 32. Cystopteridaceae 32.1. Gymnocarpium Newman, Phytologist 4: 371 (1851). T.: Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.) Newm. (Polypodium dryopteris L.) 32.2. Cystoathyrium Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 11: 22 (1966). T.: Cystoathyrium chinense Ching 32.3. Acystopteris Nakai, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 47: 180 (1933). T.: Acystopteris japonica (Luerssen) Nakai (Cystopteris japonica Luerssen) 32.4. Cystopteris Bernh., Neues J. Bot. 1(2): 26 (1805), nom. cons. T.: Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh, (Polypodium fragile L.) CLASSIFICATION OF FERNS & LYCOPHYTES Phytotaxa 19 © 2011 Magnolia Press • 47 33. Aspleniaceae 33.1. Hymenasplenium Hayata, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 41: 712 (1927). T.: Hymenasplenium unilaterale (Lam.) Hayata (Asplenium unilaterale Lam.) 33.2. Asplenium L., Sp. Pl. 1078 (1753). T.: Asplenium marinum L. 34. Diplaziopsidaceae 34.1. Hemidictyum C.Presl, Tent. Pterid. 110 (1836). T.: Hemidictyum marginatum (L.) C.Presl (Asplenium marginatum L.) 34.2. Diplaziopsis C.Chr., Index Filic. 1905: XXXII, 227 (1906). Substitute name for Allantodia Wallich ex J.Sm. (1841), non Allantodia R.Br. (1810). T.: Allantodia brunoniana Wallich ex R.Br. = Diplaziopsis javanica (Blume) C.Chr. 34.3. Homalosorus Small ex Pic.Serm., Webbia 31(1): 246 (1977). T.: Homalosorus pycnocarpos (Spreng.) Pic.Serm. (Asplenium pycnocarpon Spreng.) 35. Thelypteridaceae 35.1. Cyclosorus Link, Hort. Berol. 2: 128 (1833). T.: Cyclosorus gongylodus (Schkuhr) Link (Aspidium gongylodus Schkuhr) 35.2. Macrothelypteris (H.Itô) Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 308 (1963). T.: Macrothelypteris oligophlebia (Baker) Ching (Nephrodium oligophlebium Baker) 35.3. Phegopteris (C.Presl) Fée, Mém. Foug., 5. Gen. Filic.: 242 (1852). Polypodium [par.] 2 Phegopteris C.Presl, Tent. Pterid. 179 (1836). T.: Phegopteris polypodioides Fée (Polypodium phegopteris L.) 35.4. Pseudophegopteris Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 313 (1963). T.: Pseudophegopteris pyrrhorhachis (Kunze) Ching (Polypodium pyrrhorhachis Kunze) 35.5. Thelypteris Schmid., Icon. Pl. Ed. Keller 3, 45. t. 11, 13 (1763), nom. cons., non Thelypteris Adanson, nom. rej. (= Pteris). T.: Thelypteris palustris Schott (Acrostichum thelypteris L.) 36. Woodsiaceae 36.1. Cheilanthopsis Hieron., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 7: 409 (1920). T.: Cheilanthopsis straminea (Brause) Hieron. ex Copel. (Cheilanthes straminea Brause) 36.2. Hymenocystis C.A.Mey., Verz. Pfl. Casp. Meer. 229 (1831). T.: Hymenocystis caucasica C.A.Mey. 36.3. Protowoodsia Ching, Lingnan Sci. J. 21: 36 (1945). T.: Protowoodsia manchuriensis (Hooker) Ching (Woodsia manchuriensis Hooker) 36.4. Woodsia R.Br., Prodr. 158 (1810), as 'Woodia'. T.: Woodsia ilvensis (L.) R.Br. (Acrostichum ilvense L.) 37. Rhachidosoraceae 37.1. Rhachidosorus Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9: 73 (1964). T.: Rhachidosorus mesosorus (Mak.) Ching (Asplenium mesosorum Mak.) 38. Onocleaceae 38.2. Onoclea L., Sp. Pl. 1062 (1753). T.: O. sensibilis L. Note:—This genus includes the commonly accepted Matteuccia Tod. 39. Blechnaceae 39.1. Salpichlaena J.Sm., J. Bot. (Hooker) 4: 168 (1841), as 'Salpichlœna'. T.: Salpichlaena volubilis (Kaulf.) J.Sm. (Blechnum volubile Kaulf.) 39.2. Stenochlaena J.Sm., J. Bot. (Hooker) 4: 149 (1841). T.: Stenochlaena. scandens J.Sm., nom. illeg. (Onoclea scandens Sw., nom. illeg.) = S. palustris (Burman) Bedd. 48 • Phytotaxa 19 © 2011 Magnolia Press CHRISTENHUSZ ET AL. 39.3. Woodwardia Sm., Mém. Acad. Sci. Turin 10: 411. t. 9(3) (1793). T.: Woodwardia radicans (L.) Sm. (Blechnum radicans L.) 39.4. Sadleria Kaulf., Enum. Filic. 161 (1824). T.: Sadleria cyatheoides Kaulf. 39.5. Brainea J.Sm., Cat. Ferns Gard. Kew 5 (1856). T.: Brainia insignis (Hooker) J.Sm. (Bowringia insignis Hooker) 39.6. Pteridoblechnum Hennipm., Blumea 13: 397 (1966). T.: Pteridoblechnum neglectum (Bailey) Hennipm. (Acrostichum neglectum Bailey) 39.7. Blechnum L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1077 (1753). T.: Blechnum occidentale L. ('Orientale'). The epithets occidentale and orientale were transposed. 40. Athyriaceae 40.1. Anisocampium C.Presl, Epimel. Bot. 58 (1851). T.: Anisocampium cumingianum C.Presl 40.2. Athyrium Roth, Tent. Fl. German. 3: 31, 58 (1799). T.: Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth (Polypodium filix-femina L.) 40.3. Cornopteris Nakai, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 44: 7 (1930). T.: Cornopteris decurrentialata (Hooker) Nakai (Gymnogramma decurrentialata Hooker) 40.4. Deparia Hooker & Grev., Icon. Filic. 2(8). t. 154. (1829–1830). T.: Deparia macraei Hooker & Grev. 40.6. Diplazium Sw., J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800(2): 4, 61 (1801). T.: Diplazium plantagineum (L.) Sw. (Asplenium plantagineum L.) 41. Hypodematiaceae 41.1. Didymochlaena Desv., Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Gesammten Naturk. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 5: 303. t. 7 (6, 6a) (1811). T.: Didymochlaena sinuosa Desv. = D. truncatula (Sw.) J.Sm. 41.2. Hypodematium Kunze, Flora 16: 690 (1833), non Hypodematium A.Rich. (1848 = Rubiaceae), nec Hypodematium A.Rich. (1850 = Orchidaceae). T.: Hypodematium onustum Kunze 41.3. Leucostegia C.Presl, Tent. Pterid. 94 (1836). T.: Leucostegia immersa (Wallich ex Hooker) C.Presl (Davallia immersa Wallich ex Hooker) 42. Dryopteridaceae 42.1. Adenoderris J.Sm., Hist. Fil. 222 (1875). T.: Adenoderris glandulosa J.Sm., nom. illeg. (Aspidium glandulosum Hooker & Grev., nom illeg. (1829), non Blume (1828) = Adenoderris viscidula (Mett.) Maxon). Mettenius published Aspidium viscidulum (1862) as a substitute name for Aspidium glandulosum Hooker & Grev. 42.2. Coveniella Tindale, Gard. Bull. Singapore 39: 169 (1986). T.: Coveniella poecilophlebia (Hooker) Tindale (Polypodium poecilophlebium Hooker) 42.3. Dracoglossum Christenh., Thaiszia 17: 3 (2007). T.: Dracoglossum plantagineum (Jacq.) Christenh. (Polypodium plantagineum Jacq.) 42.4. Revwattsia D.L.Jones, Fl. Australia 48: 711 (1998). T.: Revwattsia fragilis (Watts) D.L.Jones, as 'fragile' (Polystichum fragile Watts) 42.5. Stenolepia Alderw., Bull. Dépt. Agric. Indes Néerl. 27: 45 (1909). T.: Stenolepia tristis (Blume) Alderw. (Aspidium triste Blume) 42.6. Acrophorus C.Presl, Tent. Pterid. 93 (1836). T.: Acrophorus nodosus C.Presl (Aspidium nodosum Blume (1828), non Willdenow (1810)). 42.7. Acrorumohra (H.Itô) H.Itô in Nakai & Honda, Nov. Fl. Jap. 4: 101 (1939). Rumohra sect. Acrorumohra H.Itô, J. Jap. Bot. 11: 583 (1935). T.: Acrorumohra diffracta (Baker) H.Itô (Nephrodium diffractum Baker) 42.8. Arachniodes Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae 2: 241 (1828). T.: Arachniodes aspidioides Blume CLASSIFICATION OF FERNS & LYCOPHYTES Phytotaxa 19 © 2011 Magnolia Press • 49 42.9. Ctenitis (C.Chr.) C.Chr. in Tardieu & C.Chr., Notul. Syst. (Paris) 7: 86 (1938). Dryopteris subg. Ctenitis C.Chr., Biol. Arbejder Tilegnede Eug. Warming 77 (1911). T.: Ctenitis submarginalis (Langsd. & Fisch.) Ching (Polypodium submarginale Langsd. & Fisch.) 42.10 Cyrtogonellum Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 8: 327 (1938). T.: Cyrtogonellum fraxinellum (Christ) Ching (Aspidium fraxinellum Christ) 42.11. Cyrtomidictyum Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 10: 182 (1940). T.: Cyrtomidictyum lepidocaulon (Hooker) Ching (Aspidium lepidocaulon Hooker) 42.12. Cyrtomium C.Presl, Tent. Pterid. 86. t. 2(26) (1836). T.: Cyrtomium falcatum (L. f.) C.Presl (Polypodium falcatum L. f.) 42.13. Diacalpe Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae 2: 241 (1828). T.: Diacalpe aspidioides Blume 42.14. Dryopolystichum Copel., Gen. Filic. 125 (1947). T.: Dryopolystichum phaeostigma (Cesati) Copel. (Aspidium phaeostigma Cesati) 42.15. Dryopsis Holttum & P.J.Edwards, Kew Bull. 41: 179 (1986). T.: Dryopsis apiciflora (Wallich ex Mett.) Holttum & P.J.Edwards (Aspidium apiciflorum Wallich ex Mett.) 42.16. Dryopteris Adanson, Fam. Pl. 2: 20 (1763), nom. cons. T.: Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott (Polypodium filix-mas L.) 42.17. Leptorumohra (H.Itô) H.Itô in Nakai & Honda, Nov. Fl. Jap. 4: 118 (1939). Rumohra sect. Leptorumohra H. Itô, J. Jap. Bot. 11: 579 (1925). T.: Leptorumohra miqueliana (Maxim. ex Franch. & Savigny) H.Itô (Aspidium miquelianum Maxim. ex Franch. & Savigny) 42.18. Lithostegia Ching, Sinensia 4: 2 (1933). T.: Lithostegia foeniculacea (Hooker) Ching (Aspidium foeniculaceum Hooker) 42.19. Peranema D.Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 12 (1825), non Peranema F.Dujardin (= Euglenophyceae, algae) T.: Peranema cyathoides D.Don 42.20. Phanerophlebia C.Presl, Tent. Pterid. 84 (1836). T.: Phanerophlebia nobilis (Schlechtend. & Cham.) C.Presl (Aspidium nobile Schlechtend. & Cham.) 42.21. Polystichopsis (J.Sm.) Holttum, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 53: 149 (1947). Lastrea subsect. Polystichopsis J.Sm., Hist. Fil. 217 (1875). T.: Polystichopsis pubescens (L.) C.V.Morton (Polypodium pubescens L.) 42.22. Polystichum A.W.Roth, Tent. Fl. German. 3: 31 (1799), nom. cons. T.: Polystichum lonchitis (L.) A.W.Roth (Polypodium lonchitis L.) 42.23. Arthrobotrya J.Sm., Hist. Fil. 141 (1875). T.: Arthrobotrya articulata (J.Sm. ex Fée) J.Sm. (Polybotrya articulata J.Sm. ex Fée) 42.24. Bolbitis Schott, Gen. Filicum 3. t. 14 (1835). T.: Bolbitis serratifolia (Mertens ex Kaulf.) Schott (Acrostichum serratifolium Mertens ex Kaulf.) 42.25. Cyclodium C.Presl, Tent. Pterid. 85 (1836). T.: Cyclodium meniscioides (Willd.) C.Presl (Aspidium meniscioides Willd.) 42.26. Elaphoglossum Schott ex J.Sm., J. Bot. (Hooker) 4: 148 (1841), nom. cons. T.: Elaphoglossum conforme (Sw.) J.Sm. (Acrostichum conforme Sw.), typ. cons. 42.27. Lastreopsis Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 8: 157 (1938). T.: Lastreopsis recedens (J.Sm. ex T.Moore) Ching (Lastrea recedens J.Sm. ex T.Moore) 42.28. Lomagramma J.Sm., J. Bot. (Hooker) 3: 402 (1841). T.: Lomagramma pteroides J.Sm. 42.29. Maxonia C.Chr., Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 66(9): 3 (1916). T.: Maxonia apiifolia (Sw.) C.Chr. (Dicksonia apiifolia Sw.) 42.30. Megalastrum Holttum, Gard. Bull. Singapore 39: 161 (1986). T.: Megalastrum villosum (L.) Holttum (Polypodium villosum L.) 42.31. Mickelia R.C.Moran, Labiak & Sundue, Brittonia 62: 338 (2010). T.: Mickelia nicotianifolia (Sw.) R.C.Moran, Labiak & Sundue (Acrostichum nicotianifolium Sw.) Note:—This genus is segregated from Bolbitis. It also includes M. guianensis, formerly placed in Lomagramma. 42.30. Olfersia Raddi, Opusc. Sci. 3: 283 (1819). T.: Olfersia corcovadensis Raddi = O. cervina (L.) Kunze 50 • Phytotaxa 19 © 2011 Magnolia Press CHRISTENHUSZ ET AL. 42.31. Polybotrya Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., Sp. Pl. 5: 99 (1810). T.: Polybotrya osmundacea Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. 42.32. Rumohra Raddi, Opusc. Sci. 3: 290. t. 12(1) (1819). The spelling in the heading 'Rumhora', is a typographical error. T.: Rumohra aspidioides Raddi 42.33. Stigmatopteris C.Chr., Bot. Tidsskr. 29: 292 (1909). T.: Polypodium flavopunctatum Kaulf. = Stigmatopteris rotundata (Willd.) C.Chr. (Aspidium rotundatum Willd.) Note:—Christensen typified his genus with Polypodium flavopunctatum Kaulf., but considers this species the same as Aspidium rotundatum Willd. 42.34. Teratophyllum Mett. ex Kuhn, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4: 296 (1870). T.: Teratophyllum aculeatum (Blume) Mett. ex Kuhn (Lomaria aculeata Blume) 43. Lomariopsidaceae 43.1. Cyclopeltis J.Sm., Bot. Mag. 72: 36. 1846, non Cyclopeltis Petrak (1953 = fungus). T.: Cyclopeltis semicordata (Sw.) J.Sm. (Polypodium semicordatum Sw.) 43.2. Lomariopsis Fée, Mém. Foug., 2. Hist. Acrostich.: 10 (1845). T.: Lomariopsis sorbifolia (L.) Fée (Acrostichum sorbifolium L.) 43.3. Thysanosoria Gepp in Gibbs, Dutch N. W. New Guinea 193 (1917). T.: Thysanosoria dimorphophylla Gepp 44. Nephrolepidaceae 44.1. Nephrolepis Schott, Gen. Fil. 1. t. 3 (1834). T.: Nephrolepis exaltata (L.) Schott (Polypodium exaltatum L.) 45. Tectariaceae 45.1. Arthropteris J.Sm. in Hook. f., Fl. New Zealand 2: 43 (1854). T.: Arthropteris tenella (G.Forst.) J.Sm. (Polypodium tenellum G.Forst.) 45.2. Psammiosorus C.Chr., Dansk Bot. Ark. 7: 73 (1932). T.: Psammiosorus paucivenius (C.Chr.) C.Chr. (Dryopteris paucivenia C.Chr.) 45.3. Pleocnemia C.Presl, Tent. Pterid. 183 (1836). T.: Pleocnemia leuzeana (Gaudich.) C.Presl (Polypodium leuzeanum Gaudich.) 45.4. Aenigmopteris Holttum, Blumea 30: 3 (1984). T.: Aenigmopteris dubia (Copel.) Holttum (Dryopteris dubia Copel.) 45.5. Hypoderris R.Br. ex Hooker, Gen. Fil. t. 1 (1838). T.: Hypoderris brownii J.Sm. ex Hooker 45.6. Psomiocarpa C.Presl, Epimel. Bot. 161 (1851). T.: Psomiocarpa apiifolia (J.Sm. ex Kunze) C.Presl (Polybotrya apiifolia J.Sm. ex Kunze) 45.7. Pteridrys C.Chr. & Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 5: 129 (1934). T.: Pteridrys syrmatica (Willd.) C.Chr. & Ching (Aspidium syrmaticum Willd.) 45.8. Tectaria Cav., Anales Hist. Nat. 1: 115 (1799). T.: Tectaria trifoliata (L.) Cav. (Polypodium trifoliatum L.) 45.9. Triplophyllum Holttum, Kew Bull. 41: 239 (1986). T.: Triplophyllum protensum (Sw.) Holttum (Aspidium protensum Sw.) 45.10. Wagneriopteris Á.Löve & D.Löve, Taxon 26: 325 (1977). T.: Wagneriopteris simulata (Davenport) Á.Löve & D.Löve (Aspidium simulatum Davenport) 46. Oleandraceae 46.1. Oleandra Cav., Anales Hist. Nat. 1: 115. (1799). T.: Oleandra neriformis Cav. 47. Davalliaceae 47.1. Davallodes (Copel.) Copel., Philpp. J. Sci. ser. C, Bot. 3: 33 (1908). Microlepia sect. Davallodes Copel., Polypod. Philipp. 55 (1905). T.: Davallodes hirsutum (C.Presl) Copel. (Microlepia hirsuta C.Presl) CLASSIFICATION OF FERNS & LYCOPHYTES Phytotaxa 19 © 2011 Magnolia Press • 51 47.2. Davallia Sm., Mém. Acad. Sci. Turin 5: 414. t. 9(6) (1793). T.: Davallia canariensis (L.) Sm. (Trichomanes canariensis L.) 48. Polypodiaceae 48.1. Loxogramme (Blume) C.Presl, Tent. Pterid. 214 (1836). Antrophyum sect. Loxogramme Blume, Fl. Javae (Filices) 73 (1829). T.: Loxogramme lanceolata (Sw.) C.Presl (Grammitis lanceolata Sw.) 48.2. Aglaomorpha Schott, Gen. Fil. 20 (1834). T.: Aglaomorpha meyeniana Schott 48.3. Arthromeris (T.Moore) J.Sm., Hist. Fil. 110 (1875). Pleopeltis section Arthromeris T.Moore, Index Fil. 78 (1857). T.: Arthromeris juglandifolia (D.Don) J.Sm. (Polypodium juglandifolium D.Don, = A. wallichiana (Spreng.) Ching) 48.4. Christiopteris Copel., Philipp. J. Sci., C 12: 331 (1917). T.: Christiopteris varians (Mett.) Copel. (Acrostichum varians Mett.) 48.5. Drynaria (Bory) J.Sm., J. Bot. (Hooker) 4: 60 (1841), nom. cons. Polypodium subg. Drynaria Bory, Ann. Sci. Nat. 5: 463 (1825). T.: Drynaria quercifolia (L.) J.Sm. (Polypodium quercifolium L.), typ. cons. 48.6. Gymnogrammitis Griffith, Icon. Pl. Asiat. 2. t. 129(1) (1849). T.: Gymnogrammitis dareiformis (Hooker) Ching ex Tardieu & C.Chr. (Polypodium dareaeforme Hooker, nom. rej.) 48.7. Paraselliguea Hovenkamp, Blumea 45: 376 (2000). T.: Paraselliguea leucophora (Baker) Hovenkamp (Polypodium leucophorum Baker) 48.8. Phymatopteris Pic.Serm., Webbia 28: 460 (1973). Substitute name for Phymatopsis J.Sm. (1875), non Tulasne ex Trevisan (1857). T.: Phymatopteris palmata (Blume) Pic.Serm. (Polypodium palmatum Blume) 48.9. Polypodiopteris C.F.Reed, Amer. Fern J. 38: 87 (1948), non Polypodiopteris Krassilov & Fedotov (1970 = fossil). Substitute name for Polypodiopsis Copel. (1947), non Carrière (1867). T.: Polypodiopteris proavita (Copel.) C.F.Reed (Polypodium proavitum Copel.) 48.10. Selliguea Bory, Dict. Class. Hist. Nat. 6: 587 (1824). T.: Selliguea feei Bory. 48.11. Platycerium Desv., Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6: 213 (1827). T.: Platycerium alcicorne Desv. 48.12. Pyrrosia Mirbel in Lam. & Mirbel, Hist. Nat. Vég. 3: 471, 5: 91 (1802). T.: Pyrrosia chinensis Mirbel 48.13. Dendroconche 48.14. Goniophlebium (Blume) C.Presl, Tent. Pterid. 185 (1836). Polypodium sect. Goniophlebium Blume, Fl. Javae (Filices) 132 (1830). T.: Goniophlebium subauriculatum (Blume) C.Presl (Polypodium subauriculatum Blume) 48.15. Kaulinia Nayar, Taxon 13: 67 (1964). T.: Kaulinia pteropus (Blume) Nayar (Polypodium pteropus Blume) 48.16. Kontumia S.K.Wu & P.K.Lôc, Novon 15(1): 245 (2005). T.: Kontumia heterophylla S.K.Wu & P.K.Lôc 48.17. Lecanopteris Reinw., Flora 8 (2, Beil.): 48 (1825). Substitute name for Onychium Reinw. (1825), non Onychium Kaulfuss (1820). T.: Lecanopteris carnosa (Reinw.) Blume (Onychium carnosum Reinw.) 48.18. Lemmaphyllum C.Presl, Epimel. Bot. 157 (1851). T.: Lemmaphyllum spatulatum C.Presl 48.19. Lepisorus (J.Sm.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 4: 47 (1933). Drynaria sect. Lepisorus J.Sm., Bot. Mag. 72 Comp.: 13 (1846). T.: Lepisorus nudus (Hooker) Ching (Pleopeltis nuda Hooker) 48.20. Lepidomicrosorium Ching & K.H.Shing, Bot. Res. Academica Sinica 1: 1 (1983). T.: Lepidomicrosorium subhastatum (Baker) Ching & K.H.Shing (Polypodium subhastatum Baker) 48.21. Leptochilus Kaulf., Enum. Filic. 147 (1824). T.: Leptochilus axillaris (Cav.) Kaulf. (Acrostichum axillare Cav.) 52 • Phytotaxa 19 © 2011 Magnolia Press CHRISTENHUSZ ET AL. 48.22. Microsorum Link, Hortus Berol. 2: 110 (1833). T.: Microsorum irregulare Link 48.23. Neocheiropteris Christ, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 52 (Mém. 1): 21 (1905). Substitute name for Cheiropteris Christ (1898), non Cheiropteris Kurr ex Bronn (1858). T.: Neocheiropteris palmatopedata (Baker) Christ (Polypodium palmatopedatum Baker) 48.24. Neolepisorus Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 10: 11 (1940). T.: Neolepisorus ensatus (Thunb.) Ching (Polypodium ensatum Thunb.) 48.25. Paragramma 48.25. Phymatosorus Pic.Serm., Webbia 28(2): 457 (1973). T.: Phymatosorus scolopendria (Burm.f.) Pic.Serm. (Polypodium scolopendrium Burm.f.) 48.26. Podosorus Holttum, Kew Bull. 20: 455 (1966). T.: Podosorus angustatus Holttum 48.27. Thylacopteris Kunze ex J.Sm., Hist. Fil. 87 (1875). T.: Thylacopteris papillosa (Blume) J.Sm. (Polypodium papillosum Blume) 48.28. Tricholepidium Ching, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 29: 41 (1978). T.: Tricholepidium normale (D.Don) Ching (Polypodium normale D.Don) 48.29. Campyloneurum C.Presl, Tent. Pterid. 189 (1836). T.: Campyloneurum repens (Aublet) C.Presl (Polypodium repens Aublet) 48.30. Microgramma C.Presl, Tent. Pterid. 213 (1836). T.: Microgramma persicariifolia (Schrad.) C.Presl (Polypodium persicariifolium Schrad., as 'persicariaefolium') 48.31. Niphidium J.Sm., Hist. Fil. 99 (1875). T.: Niphidium americanum (Hooker) J.Sm. (Polypodium americanum Hooker) 48.32. Pecluma M.G.Price, Amer. Fern. J. 73: 109 (1983). T.: Pecluma pectinata (L.) M.G.Price (Polypodium pectiatum L.) 48.33. Phlebodium (R.Br.) J.Sm., J. Bot. (Hooker) 4: 58 (1841). Polypodium section Phlebodium R.Br., Pl. Jav. Rar. (Bennett) 4 (1838). T.: Phlebodium aureum (L.) J.Sm. (Polypodium aureum L.). 48.34. Pleopeltis Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., Sp. Pl. 5: 211 (1810). T.: Pleopeltis angusta Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. 48.35. Pleurosoriopsis Fomin, Izv. Kievsk. Bot. Sada 11: 8 (1930). T.: Pleurosoriopsis makinoi (Maxim. ex Makino) Fomin (Gymnogramma makinoi Maxim. ex Makino) 48.36. Polypodium L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1082 (1753). T.: Polypodium vulgare L. 48.37. Serpocaulon A.R.Sm., Taxon 55(4): 924 (2006). T.: Serpocaulon loriceum (L.) A.R.Sm. (Polypodium loriceum L.) 48.38. Synammia C.Presl, Tent. Pterid. 212 (1836). T.: Synammia triloba C.Presl, nom. illeg. (Polypodium trilobum Cav. (1802), non Houttuyn (1783) = S. feuillei (Bertero) Copel.) 48.39. Acrosorus Copel., Philipp. J. Sci. 1(Suppl. 2): 158 (1906). T.: Acrosorus exaltatus (Copel.) Copel. (Davallia exaltata Copel.) 48.40. Adenophorus Gaudich., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 3: 508 (1824). T.: Adenophorus tripinnatifidus Gaudich. 48.41. Calymmodon C.Presl, Tent. Pterid. 203 (1836). T.: Calymmodon cucullatus (Nees & Blume) C.Presl (Polypodium cucullatum Nees & Blume) 48.42. Ceradenia L.E.Bishop, Amer. Fern J. 78: 2 (1988). T.: Ceradenia curvata (Sw.) L.E.Bishop (Polypodium curvatum Sw.) 48.43. Chrysogrammitis Parris, Kew Bull. 53: 909 (1998). T.: Chrysogrammitis glandulosa (J.Sm.) Parris (Ctenopteris glandulosa J.Sm.) 48.44. Cochlidium Kaulfuss, Berlin. Jahrb. Pharm. Verbundenen Wiss. 21: 36 (1820). T.: Cochlidium graminoides (Sw.) Kaulf. (Acrostichum graminoides Sw.) 48.45. Ctenopteris Blume ex Kunze, Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 4: 425 (1846), non Ctenopteris Newm. (1851 = Polypodium), nec Ctenopteris Brongn. ex G.Saporta (1873 = fossil cycad). T.: Ctenopteris venulosa (Blume) Blume ex Kunze (Polypodium venulosum Blume) 48.46. Dasygrammitis Parris, Gard. Bull. Singapore 58(2): 238 (2007). CLASSIFICATION OF FERNS & LYCOPHYTES Phytotaxa 19 © 2011 Magnolia Press • 53 T.: Dasygrammitis mollicoma (Nees & Blume) Parris (Polypodium mollicomum Nees & Blume). 48.47. Enterosora Baker in Im Thurn, Timehri 5: 218 (1886). T.: Enterosora campbellii Baker 48.48. Grammitis Sw., J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800(2): 3 (1801). T.: Grammitis marginella (Sw.) Sw. (Polypodium marginellum Sw.) 48.49. Lellingeria A.R.Sm. & R.C.Moran, Amer. Fern J. 81(3): 76 (1991). T.: Lellingeria apiculata (Kunze ex Klotzsch) A.R.Sm. & R.C.Moran (Polypodium apiculatum Kunze ex Klotzsch) 48.50. Leucotrichum Labiak, Taxon 59: 915 (2010). T.: Leucotrichum organense (Gardner) Labiak (Grammitis organensis Gardner) 48.51. Luisma M.T.Murillo & A.R.Sm., Novon 13(3): 313 (2003). T.: Luisma bivascularis M.T.Murillo & A.R.Sm. 48.52. Melpomene A.R.Sm. & R.C.Moran, Novon 2: 426 (1992). T.: Melpomene moniliformis (Lag. ex Sweet) A.R.Sm. & R.C.Moran (Polypodium moniliforme Lag. & Sweet) 48.53. Micropolypodium Hayata, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 42: 302, 341 (1928). T.: Micropolypodium pseudotrichomanoides (Hayata) Hayata (Polypodium pseudotrichomanoides Hayata) 48.54. Nematopteris Alderw., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg ser. 2. 28: 65 (1918). T.: Nematopteris pyxidata (Alderw.) Alderw. (Scleroglossum pyxidatum Alderw.) 48.55. Oreogrammitis Copel., Philipp. J. Sci., C. 12: 64 (1917). T.: Oreogrammitis clemensiae Copel. 48.56. Prosaptia C.Presl, Tent. Pterid. 165. t. 6 (19, 25) (1836). T.: Prosaptia contigua (G.Forst.) C.Presl (Trichomanes contiguum G.Forst.) 48.57. Radiogrammitis Parris, Gard. Bull. Singapore 58(2): 240 (2007). T.: Radiogrammitis setigera (Blume) Parris (Polypodium setigerum Blume). 48.58. Scleroglossum Alderw., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg ser. 2. 7: 37 (1912), non Scleroglossum Hara (1948 = fungus). T.: Scleroglossum pusillum (Blume) Alderw. (Vittaria pusilla Blume) 48.59. Terpsichore A.R.Sm., Novon 3: 479 (1993). T.: Terpsichore asplenifolium (L.) A.R.Sm. (Polypodium asplenifolium L.) 48.60. Themelium (T.Moore) Parris, Kew Bull. 52(3): 737 (1997). Polypodium sect. Themelium T.Moore, Index Filic. 71 (1857). T.: T. tenuisectum (Blume) Parris (Polypodium tenuisectum Blume). 48.61. Tomophyllum (E.Fourn.) Parris, Gard. Bull. Singapore 58(2): 245 (2007). Polypodium sect. Tomophyllum E.Fourn. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. ser. 5, 18: 283 (1873). LT.: Tomophyllum bipinnatifidum (Baker) Parris (Polypodium bipinnatifidum Baker), lectotype here designated. 48.62. Xiphopterella Parris, Gard. Bull. Singapore 58(2): 249 (2007). T.: Xiphopterella hieronymusii (C.Chr.) Parris (Polypodium hieronymusii C.Chr.) 48.63. Zygophlebia L.E.Bishop, Amer. Fern J. 79: 107 (1989). T.: Zygophlebia sectifrons (Kunze ex Mett.) L.E.Bishop (Polypodium sectifrons Kunze ex Mett.) 54 • Phytotaxa 19 © 2011 Magnolia Press CHRISTENHUSZ ET AL.

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