Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 3: 119-129 (2003) SHORT REPORT A Warning Note on Frequent Mistakes in the Authority of Scientific Names of Fish Ali Serhan Tarkan1,*, Özcan Gaygusuz1, Çi÷dem Gürsoy2, Hasan Acıpınar1, Gökçen Bilge3 1 Istanbul University, Faculty of Fisheries, Ordu Cad. No:200, 34470, Laleli, Istanbul, Turkey Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Natural and Applied Sciences Institute, 17100, Canakkale, Turkey 3 Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey 2 *Corresponding Author: Tel.: + 90. 212 455 57 00; Fax: +90. 212 514 03 79; E-mail: serhan@istanbul.edu.tr Received 16 April 2004 Accepted 18 June 2004 Abstract Making parentheses mistakes in the authority of scientific names of fish is quite frequent. To determine this kind of errors, titles in Cumhuriyet Dönemi Su Ürünleri Bibliyografisi book and abstracts in ASFA (Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts) in year of 1998 were studied. Both datasets gave unexpectedly high percentages of authority errors. For some species, the error percentages were up to 96%. Logically, omitting parentheses was more common than adding them. These statistics should be taken into account in the authority of scientific names. To prevent these kinds of mistakes, some recent references and websites should be taken into consideration before using authority of fish. Key Words: Authorship, error, nomenclature, parentheses. Introduction In respect to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1985), the inclusion of the authors of scientific names is optional and when the original specific name is now joined to another genus the authority of scientific names of species must be written in parentheses. The date may be omitted, but if given, should be separated from the author by a comma; Cyprinus rutilus Linneaus, 1758. If the species was originally described in another genus this is indicated by placing author and date in parenthesis Rutilus rutilus (Linneaus, 1758). It is strongly recommended that the date of publication and the authorship of a name be cited at least once in the work, which deals with a taxon. This is particularly important for species-group epithets. Specifying the author and date prevents confusion if the same specific name has been used twice to refer to different species in the same genus. For example, Conus abbreviatus Reeve, 1843 is a valid species, but Conus abbreviatus Dautzenberg, 1937 is a variety of Conus textile. Quoting scientific name, author name and common name together is generally more common than other forms of quoting although it is separately determined by the rules of each journal. The practice of quoting only the common name, probably more limited to articles on physiology or fundamental biology due to it is inconvenient for identification of the paper in the database by potentially interested readers. The name of wellknown biologists (called the authority) can be abbreviated. For instance, usage of L. instead of Linnaeus is very often and this practice mostly depends on publisher’s demand. Nevertheless, using parentheses in the authority of specific name is quite often overlooked or misused. For example, some authors wrongly quote Onchorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792 while some of the others correctly quote Onchorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792). The aim of this study was to quantify the common errors in the authority of scientific names of fish. Percentage of wrongly used scientific names of fish and their correct forms that are cited in various datasets are presented. To conduct this study, we selected two main databases. One of them was Cumhuriyet Dönemi Su Ürünleri Bibliyografisi book (Timur et al., 2003), which has 842 papers with author name published by Turkish investigators between 1926 and 2003 years. The other one was ASFA (Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts), which has 1029 papers with author name in year of 1998 for a general view. We used Wheeler (1992), Catalog of Fishes (Eschmeyer, 1998) that is also available as a web page (http://www.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/cat alog) and the web page of http://www.fishbase.org as good references to confirm correct authority of scientific names of fish. In Tables 1 and 2, the number of papers with incorrect and correct authors and their percentages for fish species with author in the papers titled in Cumhuriyet Dönemi Su Ürünleri Bibliyografisi book and abstracted in ASFA (Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts) of 1998 were denoted. The inclusion of author is quite often wrong. All datasets revealed unforeseen high percentages of errors for searched literature. For Cumhuriyet Dönemi Su Ürünleri Bibliyografisi book the number of papers wrong and correct used in the authority of scientific names was, 402 and 440 respectively, while corresponding numbers were 243 and 786, respectively for ASFA of 1998. Papers in titled in © Central Fisheries Research Institute (CFRI) Trabzon, Turkey and Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) 120 A.S. Tarkan et al. / Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 3: 119-129 (2003) Cumhuriyet Dönemi Su Ürünleri Bibliyografisi book gave two times higher percentage of authority errors (48%) than papers abstracted in ASFA of 1998 (24%). When only papers that included the authority above at least ten times, in the Table 1 and 2 were considered, up to 96% were wrong for some fish species. In the both datasets, there were some extraordinary results. For instance; In the Cumhuriyet Dönemi Su Ürünleri Bibliyografisi book, among papers on Dicentrarchus labrax and Engraulis encrasicolus, 2 citations were correct and 40 and 19 citations were wrong, respectively, while in the ASFA of 1998, among papers on Dicentrarchus labrax 1 citation was correct and 25 citations were wrong. Finally, among papers on Cyprinus carpio in ASFA of 1998, 53 citations were correct and 1 citation was wrong. Error of omitting the parentheses was more common than adding them. In the ASFA abstracted papers of 1998, numbers for error of omission and addition of parentheses were 202 and 41, respectively. In the Cumhuriyet Dönemi Su Ürünleri Bibliyografisi book, equivalent figures were 362 and 40, respectively. These statistics should be taken into account (in the authority of specific names of fish) by authors, reviewers, and editorial boards to check for these kinds of errors on manuscripts more carefully. To prevent these kinds of mistakes, some recent references and websites should be taken into consideration before using authority of fish. Acknowledgments We thank Carlos A. Strüsmann and Müfit Özulu÷ for helpful suggestions on the manuscript. Takeyoshi Nagai and Daisuke Hasegawa helped with preparation of the manuscript. Robert J. Gould kindly checked the English. References Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA). 1998. Biological Sciences and Living Resources. Volume 28 (No: 1-11) Eschmeyer, W.N. 1998. Catalog of Fishes (I-III). California Academy of Sciences., San Francisco, 2905 pp. http://www.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog http://www.fishbase.org International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1985. “International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Third Edition. 338 pp. Timur, M., Çolak, S. and Do÷an, K. 2003. Cumhuriyet Dönemi Su Ürünleri Bibliyografisi. ø.Ü. Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Yayınları, Rektörlük No: 4406, Fakülte No: 4. Wheeler, A. 1992. A list of the common and scientific names of fishes of the British Isles. J.Fish Biol., 41 (Suppl. A): 1-37 Table 1. Number of papers with incorrect and correct authors and their percentages for fish species with author in the papers titled in Cumhuriyet Dönemi Su Ürünleri Bibliyografisi book Scientific name Acanthobrama marmid Acanthobrama mirabilis Alburnoides bipunctatus Alburnoides bipunctatus fasciatus Alosa pontica Anguilla anguilla Aphanius dispar Arnoglossus laterna Atherina boyeri Atherina hepsetus Barbus barbus Barbus capito capito Barbus capito pectoralis Barbus esocinus Barbus plebejus Barbus rajanorum Barbus xanthopterus Belone belone Belone belone euxini Blicca bjoerkna Boops boops Bothus podas podas Brama brama Capoeta barroisi Capoeta capoeta Capoeta capoeta bergamae Capoeta tinca Correct authority Heckel, 1843 Ladiges, 1960 (Bloch, 1782) (Nordmann, 1840) (Eichwald, 1838) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Rüppell, 1829) (Walbaum, 1792) Risso, 1810 Linnaeus, 1758 (Linnaeus, 1758) (Güldenstädt, 1772) Heckel, 1843 (Heckel, 1843) Bonaparte, 1839 Heckel, 1843 (Heckel, 1843) (Linnaeus, 1761) Günther, 1866 (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Delaroche, 1809) (Bonaterre, 1788) (Lortet, 1894) (Güldenstädt, 1773) Karaman, 1969 (Heckel, 1843) Numbers of citations Incorrect n. (%) 4 (66.67) 2 (100.00) 2 (100.00) 6 (100.00) 2 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 2 (100.00) 2 (50.00) 1 (50.00) 1 (100.00) 3 (100.00) 2 (66.67) 1 (100.00) 2 (50.00) 1 (9.09) Correct n. (%) 2 (33.33) 1 (100.00) 3 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 2 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 7 (100.00) 2 (50.00) 1 (50.00) 1 (100.00) 2 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (33.33) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 2 (50.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (90.91) A.S. Tarkan et al. / Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 3: 119-129 (2003) 121 Table 1. (Continue) Scientific name Capoeta trutta Carasobarbus luteus Carassius auratus Carassius auratus gibelio Carassius carassius Carcharhinus altimus Cepola rubescens Chalcalburnus chalcoides Chalcalburnus mossulensis Chelon labrosus Chlorophthalmus agassizi Chondrostoma nasus Chondrostoma regium Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum Citharus linguatula Clarias gariepinus Clarias lazera Clupea harengus Clupeonella cultriventris cultriventris Cobitis taenia Ctenopharyngodon idella Cyprinion macrostomus Cyprinus carpio Dicentrarchus labrax Diplodus annularis Engraulis encrasicolus Epinephelus costae Epinephelus marginatus Esox lucius Etrumeus teres Euthynnus alletteratus Gadiculus argenteus Gadus euxinus Gadus merlangus euxinus Gambusia affinis Gasterosteus aculeatus Gobius paganellus Kosswigichthys asquamatus Ladigesocypris ghigii Leiognathus klunzingeri Leuciscus cephalus Leuciscus cephalus orientalis Leuciscus lepidus Lithognathus mormyrus Liza abu Liza aurata Liza ramada Liza saliens Lucioperca lucioperca Lucioperca sandra Merlangius merlangus euxinus Merluccius merluccius Merluccius vulgaris Mugil auratus Mugil cephalus Mugil chelo Mugil so-iuy Mullus barbatus Mullus barbatus ponticus Mullus surmuletus Oncorhynchus mykiss Oreochromis aureus Oreochromis niloticus Pagellus erythrinus Correct authority (Heckel, 1843) (Heckel, 1843) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Bloch, 1782) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Springer, 1950) Linnaeus, 1764 (Güldenstädt, 1772) (Heckel, 1843) (Risso, 1827) Bonaparte, 1840 (Linnaeus, 1758) (Heckel, 1843) (Günther, 1867) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Burchell 1822) Valenciennes, 1840 Linnaeus, 1758 (Nordmann, 1840) Linnaeus, 1758 (Valenciennes, 1844) Heckel, 1843 Linnaeus, 1758 (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Steindachner, 1878) (Lowe, 1834) Linnaeus, 1758 (DeKay, 1842) (Rafinesque, 1810) Guichenot, 1850 Nordmann, 1840 Nordmann, 1840 (Baird & Girard, 1853) Linnaeus, 1758 Linnaeus, 1758 Sözer, 1942 (Gianferrari, 1927) (Steindachner 1898) (Linnaeus, 1758) Nordmann, 1840 (Heckel, 1843) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Heckel, 1843) (Risso, 1810) (Risso, 1826) (Risso, 1810) (Linnaeus, 1758) Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1828 (Nordmann, 1840) (Linnaeus, 1758) Fleming, 1828 Risso, 1810 Linnaeus, 1758 Cuvier, 1829 Basilewsky, 1855 Linnaeus, 1758 Essipov, 1927 Linnaeus, 1758 (Walbaum, 1792) (Steindachner, 1864) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, 1758) Numbers of citations Incorrect n. (%) 3 (75.00) 7 (100.00) 6 (85.71) 1 (100.00) 3 (100.00) 1 (14.29) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 3 (50.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 2 (66.67) 3 (75.00) 1 (100.00) 9 (10.00) 40 (95.24) 3 (75.00) 19 (90.48) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 2 (13.33) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (33.33) 1 (100.00) 10 (55.56) 7 (70.00) 3 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (25.00) 4 (50.00) 6 (75.00) 13 (76.47) 2 (100.00) 2 (18.18) 89 (95.70) 10 (71.43) 1 (100.00) Correct n. (%) 12 (100.00) 1 (25.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (14.29) 1 (100.00) 6 (85.71) 1 (100.00) 3 (50.00) 1 (33.33) 1 (25.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 81 (90.00) 2 (4.76) 1 (25.00) 2 (9.52) 13 (86.67) 1 (100.00) 2 (66.67) 2 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 2 (100.00) 2 (100.00) 8 (44.44) 3 (30.00) 1 (100.00) 3 (75.00) 4 (50.00) 1 (100.00) 2 (25.00) 1 (100.00) 4 (23.53) 1 (100.00) 2 (100.00) 9 (81.82) 2 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 16 (100.00) 2 (100.00) 2 (100.00) 4 (4.30) 1 (100.00) 4 (28.57) - 122 A.S. Tarkan et al. / Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 3: 119-129 (2003) Table 1. (Continue) Scientific name Pagrus caeruleostictus Pagrus major Pagrus pagrus Peristedion cataphractum Phycis blennoides Pleuronectes flesus luscus Pleuronectes platessa Pomatomus saltatrix Psetta maxima Raja clavata Rutilus rutilus Salmo gairdneri Salmo salar Salmo trutta Salmo trutta abanticus Salmo trutta labrax Salmo trutta macrostigma Salvelinus fontinalis Sarda sarda Sardina pilchardus Sardinella aurita Sarpa salpa Saurida undosquamis Scardinius erythrophthalmus Scomber colias Scomber japonicus Scomber scombrus Scomberomorus commerson Scophthalmus maximus Scorpaena porcus Seriola dumerili Serranus hepatus Siganus rivulatus Silurus glanis Silurus triostegus Solea nasuta Solea solea Solea vulgaris Sparus aurata Spicara flexuosa Spicara smaris Sprattus sprattus phalericus Squalus acanthias Squalus blainville Stizostedion lucioperca Taeniura grabata Thunnus thynnus Thunnus thynnus thynnus Tilapia nilotica Tilapia rendalli Tilapia zillii Tinca tinca Trachurus mediterraneus Trachurus trachurus Trigla lucerna Trigla lyra Upeneus moluccensis Vimba vimba tenella Xiphias gladius Xiphophorus hellerii Zeus faber Zosterisessor ophiocephalus Correct authority (Valenciennes, 1830) (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Brünnich, 1768) Pallas, 1814 Linnaeus 1758 (Linnaeus, 1766) (Linnaeus, 1758) Linnaeus, 1758 (Linnaeus, 1758) Richardson, 1836 Linnaeus, 1758 Linnaeus, 1758 Tortonese, 1954 Pallas, 1814 (Duméril, 1855) (Mitchill, 1814) (Bloch, 1793) (Walbaum, 1792) Valenciennes, 1847 (Linnaeus, 1758) (Richardson, 1848) (Linnaeus, 1758) Gmelin, 1789 Houttuyn, 1782 Linnaeus, 1758 (Lacepéde, 1800) (Linnaeus, 1758) Linnaeus, 1758 (Risso, 1810) (Linnaeus, 1758) Forsskål, 1775 Linnaeus, 1758 Heckel, 1843 (Pallas, 1814) (Linnaeus, 1758) Quensel, 1806 Linnaeus, 1758 Rafinesque, 1810 (Linnaeus, 1758) (Risso, 1826) Linnaeus, 1758 (Risso, 1827) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Boulenger, 1897) (Gervais, 1848) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Steindachner, 1868) (Linnaeus, 1758) Linnaeus, 1758 Linnaeus, 1758 (Bleeker, 1855) (Nordmann, 1840) Linnaeus, 1758 Heckel, 1848 Linnaeus, 1758 (Pallas, 1814) Numbers of citations Incorrect n. (%) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 2 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (14.29) 4 (57.14) 5 (83.33) 1 (100.00) 4 (57.14) 14 (82.35) 1 (100.00) 1 (33.33) 5 (83.33) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 3 (100.00) 3 (100.00) 2 (4.76) 2 (100.00) 7 (77.78) 14 (53.85) 7 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 3 (75.00) 8 (61.54) 4 (100.00) 7 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) Correct n. (%) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 2 (100.00) 5 (100.00) 4 (100.00) 35 (100.00) 6 (85.71) 7 (100.00) 2 (100.00) 3 (42.86) 1 (16.67) 3 (42.86) 3 (17.65) 1 (100.00) 2 (66.67) 1 (16.67) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 4 (100.00) 2 (100.00) 5 (100.00) 3 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 3 (100.00) 40 (95.24) 1 (100.00) 2 (22.22) 7 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 12 (46.15) 1 (100.00) 1 (25.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 5 (38.46) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 9 (100.00) 2 (100.00) 1 (100.00) - A.S. Tarkan et al. / Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 3: 119-129 (2003) 123 Table 2. Number of papers with incorrect and correct authors and their percentages for fish species with author in the papers abstracted in ASFA (Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts) in year of 1998 Scientific name Correct authority Abramis brama Abudefduf saxatilis Acanthobrama terraesanctae Achoerodus viridis Acipenser baerii Acipenser medirostris Acipenser persicus Acipenser ruthenus Acipenser sinensis Acipenser transmontanus Alopias superciliosus Alosa alosa Alosa fallax Alosa fallax rhodanensis Ambassis vachelli Anabas testudineus Anarhichas lupus Anarhichas minor Anchoa mitchilli Anguilla anguilla Anguilla japonica Anguilla marmorata Anoplopoma fimbria Anthias bicolor Antimora rostrata Apeltes quadracus Aphanius dispar Argyropelecus hemigymnus Aristichthys nobilis Aspius aspius Atherina boyeri Atherina boyeri caspia Atherina mochon Atherina presbyter Aulopus bajacali Auxis rochei Bagarius bagarius Barbatula barbatula Barbus tetrazona Barilius vagra Bathygobius soporator Bellottia apoda Belone belone Blennius pholis Blicca bjoerkna Brachydanio rerio Brama australis Brevoortia aurea Brevoortia pectinata Brienomyrus longianalis Brycon cephalus Caelorinchus abditilux Caelorinchus caudani Caffrogobius multifasciatus Caprodon longimanus Carassius auratus Carassius auratus gibelio Carassius carassius Carcharias taurus Carcharhinus brachyurus Careproctus pallidus Catla catla Catostomus commersoni (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, 1758) Steinitz, 1952 (Steindachner, 1866) Brandt, 1869 Ayres, 1854 Borodin, 1897 Linnaeus, 1758 Gray, 1835 Richardson, 1836 (Lowe, 1841) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lacepéde, 1803) Roule, 1924 Richardson, 1846 (Bloch, 1792) Linnaeus, 1758 Olafsen, 1772 (Valenciennes, 1848) (Linnaeus, 1758) Temminck & Schlegel, 1846 Quoy & Gaimard, 1824 (Pallas, 1814) Randall, 1979 (Günther, 1878) (Mitchill, 1815) (Rüppell, 1829) Cocco, 1829 (Richardson, 1845) (Linnaeus, 1758) Risso, 1810 Eichwald, 1838 Cuvier, 1829 Cuvier, 1829 Parin & Kotlyar, 1984 (Risso, 1810) (Hamilton, 1822) (Linnaeus, 1758) Bleeker, 1855 (Hamilton, 1822) (Valenciennes, 1837) Giglioli, 1883 (Linnaeus, 1761) Linnaeus, 1758 (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hamilton, 1822) Valenciennes, 1837 (Spix & Agassiz, 1829) (Jenyns, 1842) (Boulenger, 1901) (Günther, 1869) Merrett, 1980 (Koehler, 1896) (Smith, 1959) (Günther, 1859) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Bloch, 1782) (Linnaeus, 1758) Rafinesque, 1810 (Günther, 1870) (Vaillant, 1888) (Hamilton, 1822) (Lacepéde, 1803) Numbers of citations Incorrect n. (%) 5 (45.45) 2 (40.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (50.00) 8 (57.14) 1 (50.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (33.33) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (50.00) 3 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (33.33) 2 (40.00) 1 (50.00) Correct n. (%) 6 (54.55) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 3 (60.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 2 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (50.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 6 (42.86) 1 (50.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 2 (66.67) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (50.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 2 (66.67) 1 (100.00) 3 (60.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 2 (100.00) 1 (50.00) 124 A.S. Tarkan et al. / Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 3: 119-129 (2003) Table 2. (Continue) Scientific name Correct authority Chaunax pictus Centropristis striata Cetorhinus maximus Chaenocephalus aceratus Champsocephalus gunnari Channa punctatus Channichthys rhinoceratus Chanos chanos Cheilinus oxycephalus Cheilodactylus bergi Cheilopogon antoncichi Cheilopogon pitcairnensis Chelon labrosus Chimaera monstrosa Chionodraco rastrospinosus Chondrostoma lusitanicum Chondrostoma nasus Chromis chromis Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus Cichlasoma facetum Cichlasoma urophthalmus Cirrhinus mrigala Citharichthys arenaceus Citharichthys spilopterus Citharus linguatula Clarias albopunctatus Clarias batrachus Clarias gariepinus Clarias macrocephalus Clupea harengus Clupea harengus membras Clupea pallasi Conger japonicus Coregonus albula Coregonus clupeaformis Coregonus lavaretus Cottoperca gobio Cottus gobio Couesius plumbeus Cryodraco antarcticus Cryptopsaras couesi Ctenopharyngodon idella Cynoglossus brevis Cynoglossus lida Cynoglossus puncticeps Cyprinodon variegatus Cyprinus carpio Cyprinus carpio communis Cypselurus hexazona Dascyllus aruanus Dasyatis brevis Decapterus tabl Deltentosteus collonianus Dentex angolensis Dentex dentex Dicentrarchus labrax Diplodus sargus Dormitator latifrons Dormitator maculatus Echidna xanthospilos Electrophorus electricus Eleotris annobonensis Eleotris daganensis Eleotris feai Lowe, 1846 (Linnaeus, 1758) (Gunnerus, 1765) (Lönnberg, 1906) Lönnberg, 1905 (Bloch, 1793) Richardson, 1844 (Forsskål, 1775) Bleeker, 1853 Norman, 1937 (Woods & Schultz, 1953) (Nichols & Breder, 1935) (Risso, 1827) Linnaeus, 1758 DeWitt & Hureau, 1979 Collares-Pereira, 1980 (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lacepéde, 1803) (Jenyns, 1842) (Günther, 1862) (Hamilton, 1822) Evermann & Marsh, 1900 Günther, 1862 (Linnaeus, 1758) Nichols & La Monte, 1953 (Linnaeus, 1758) (Burchell, 1822) Günther, 1864 Linnaeus, 1758 Linnaeus, 1761 Valenciennes, 1847 Bleeker, 1879 (Linnaeus, 1758) (Mitchill, 1818) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Günther, 1861) Linnaeus, 1758 (Agassiz, 1850) Dollo, 1900 Gill, 1883 (Valenciennes, 1844) Günther, 1862 (Bleeker, 1851) (Richardson, 1846) (Lacepéde, 1803) Linnaeus, 1758 Linnaeus, 1758 (Bleeker, 1853) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Garman, 1880) Berry, 1968 (Risso, 1820) Poll & Maul, 1953 (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Richardson, 1844) (Bloch, 1792) (Bleeker, 1859) (Linnaeus, 1766) Blanc, Cadenat & Stauch, 1968 Steindachner, 1870 Thys van den Audenaerde & Tortonose, 1974 Numbers of citations Incorrect n. (%) 1 (33.33) 1 (50.00) 2 (100.00) 2 (33.33) 2 (100.00) 1 (9.09) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (50.00) 1 (1.85) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 2 (100.00) 25 (96.15) 2 (100.00) - Correct n. (%) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 2 (66.67) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 2 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (50.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 2 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 2 (100.00) 4 (66.67) 10 (90.91) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 2 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 3 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (50.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 2 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 53 (98.15) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (3.85) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) A.S. Tarkan et al. / Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 3: 119-129 (2003) 125 Table 2. (Continue) Scientific name Correct authority Eleotris senegalensis Eleotris vittata Engraulis encrasicolus Enneacanthus gloriosus Epinephelus moara Epinephelus polyphekadion Epinephelus tauvina Esox lucius Etmopterus hillianus Etroplus suratensis Euclichthys polynemus Fundulus heteroclitus Gadus morhua Galaxias maculatus Gambusia holbrooki Gasterosteus aculeatus Gazza minuta Geophagus brasiliensis Gerres abbreviatus Gerres aprion Gerres erythrourus Gerres filamentosus Gerres macracanthus Gila cypha Ginglymostoma cirratum Gnathophis mystax Gobiosoma bosc Gobius bucchichi Gobiusculus flavescens Grammoplites scaber Gymnarchus niloticus Gymnocephalus cernuus Gymnocypris przewalskii przewalskii Haemulon aurolineatum Halichoeres melasmapomus Haplochromis burtoni Herklotsichthys punctatus Heterobranchus longifilis Heterodontus francisci Heteropneustes fossilis Hippoglossus hippoglossus Hoplias malabaricus Hoplosternum littorale Hoplostethus atlanticus Huso huso Hyphessobrycon meridionalis Hyphessobrycon serpae Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Hypoplectrodes semicinctum Ictalurus nebulosus Ictalurus punctatus Ilisha africana Jenynsia lineata Johnius amblycephalus Johnius dorsalis Johnius dussumieri Johnius fuscolineatus Kareius bicoloratus Kyphosus vaigiensis Ladigesocypris ghigii Lagodon rhomboides Lampetra fluviatilis Lampetra planeri Lampris guttatus Steindachner, 1870 Duméril, 1861 (Linnaeus, 1758) (Holbrook, 1855) (Temminck & Schlegel, 1842) (Bleeker, 1849) (Forsskål, 1775) Linnaeus, 1758 (Poey, 1861) (Bloch, 1790) McCulloch, 1926 (Linnaeus, 1766) Linnaeus, 1758 (Jenyns, 1842) Girard, 1859 Linnaeus, 1758 (Bloch, 1795) (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) Bleeker, 1850 Cuvier, 1829 (Bloch, 1791) Cuvier, 1829 Bleeker, 1854 Miller, 1946 (Bonaterre, 1788) (Delaroche, 1809) (Lacepéde, 1800) Steindachner, 1870 (Fabricius, 1779) (Linnaeus, 1758) Cuvier, 1829 (Linnaeus, 1758) (Kessler, 1876) Cuvier, 1830 Randall, 1981 (Günther, 1894) (Rüppell, 1837) Valenciennes, 1840 (Girard, 1855) (Bloch, 1794) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Bloch, 1794) (Hancock, 1828) Collett, 1889 (Linnaeus, 1758) Ringuelet, Miguelarena & Menni, 1978 Durbin, 1908 (Valenciennes, 1844) (Valenciennes, 1833) (Lesueur, 1819) (Rafinesque, 1818) (Bloch, 1795) (Jenyns, 1842) (Bleeker, 1855) (Peters, 1855) (Cuvier, 1830) (von Bonde, 1923) (Basilewsky, 1855) (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) (Gianferrari, 1927) (Linnaeus, 1766) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Bloch, 1784) (Brünnich, 1788) Numbers of citations Incorrect n. (%) 3 (42.86) 1 (100.00) 1 (50.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (33.33) 1 (33.33) 1 (100.00) 1 (50.00) 8 (80.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) - Correct n. (%) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 4 (57.14) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (50.00) 8 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 2 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 20 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 3 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 2 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 2 (66.67) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 2 (66.67) 1 (50.00) 2 (20.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 2 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 2 (100.00) 126 A.S. Tarkan et al. / Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 3: 119-129 (2003) Table 2. (Continue) Scientific name Correct authority Lamprologus kungweensis Lamprologus signatus Lates calcarifer Lates niloticus Leiognathus elongatus Leiognathus rivulatus Lepidotrigla brachyoptera Lepomis gibbosus Lepomis macrochirus Lepomis microlophus Leporinus pachycheilus Leporinus reinhardti Leuciscus borysthenicus Leuciscus cephalus Leuciscus smyrnaeus Limanda limanda Limnothrissa miodon Liza grandisquamis Liza ramada Liza vaigiensis Labeo rohita Lophius budegassa Loricariichthys anus Lota lota Lutjanus argentimaculatus Lutjanus fulviflamma Lutjanus johni Lycodes luetkenii Macquaria australasica Macropodus chinensis Macropodus opercularis Macrorhamphosodes platycheilus Macrourus holotrachys Macruronus magellanicus Macrurus caudani Mallotus villosus Mancopsetta maculata Megalaspis cordyla Megalobrama amblycephala Melanogrammus aeglefinus Merlangius merlangus Merluccius australis Merluccius gayi Merluccius merluccius Microdonophis erabo Microgobius gulosus Micromesistius poutassou Micropogonias furnieri Micropogonias manni Micropterus salmoides Misgurnus mizolepis Mola mola Mora moro Mugil cephalus Mugil liza Mugil platanus Mullus barbatus Myxine glutinosa Nemacheilus barbatulus Nematalosa come Nemipterus japonicus Neosalanx pseudotaihuensis Nezumia aequalis Poll, 1956 Poll, 1952 (Bloch, 1790) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Günther, 1874) (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845) Hutton, 1872 (Linnaeus, 1758) Rafinesque, 1819 (Günther, 1859) Britski, 1976 Lütken, 1875 (Kessler, 1859) (Linnaeus, 1758) Boulenger, 1896 (Linnaeus, 1758) (Boulenger, 1906) (Valenciennes 1836) (Risso, 1826) (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) (Hamilton, 1822) Spinola, 1807 (Valenciennes, 1836) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Forsskål, 1775) (Forsskål, 1775) (Bloch, 1792) Collet, 1880 Cuvier, 1830 (Bloch, 1790) (Linnaeus, 1758) Fowler, 1934 Günther, 1878 Lönnberg, 1907 Koehler, 1896 (Müller, 1776) (Günther, 1880) (Linnaeus, 1758) Yih, 1955 (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hutton, 1872) (Guichenot, 1848) (Linnaeus, 1758) Jordan & Synder, 1901 (Girard, 1858) (Risso, 1827) (Desmarest, 1823) (Moreno, 1970) (Lacepéde, 1802) Günther, 1888 (Linnaeus, 1758) (Risso, 1810) Linnaeus, 1758 Valenciennes, 1836 Günther, 1880 Linnaeus, 1758 Linnaeus, 1758 (Linnaeus, 1758) (Richardson, 1846) (Bloch, 1791) Zhang, 1987 (Günther, 1878) Numbers of citations Incorrect n. (%) 2 (100.00) 1 (50.00) 1 (33.33) 1 (50.00) 1 (50.00) 1 (25.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (11.11) 1 (25.00) 1 (50.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (50.00) 1 (33.33) 1 (33.33) 2 (50.00) 1 (100.00) 2 (28.57) 1 (50.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (50.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (50.00) - Correct n. (%) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (50.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 2 (66.67) 1 (100.00) 1 (50.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (50.00) 1 (100.00) 3 (75.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 8 (88.89) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 3 (75.00) 1 (50.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (50.00) 2 (100.00) 2 (100.00) 2 (66.67) 2 (66.67) 2 (50.00) 1 (100.00) 5 (71.43) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 4 (100.00) 1 (50.00) 1 (50.00) 1 (100.00) 2 (100.00) 5 (100.00) 1 (50.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) A.S. Tarkan et al. / Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 3: 119-129 (2003) 127 Table 2. (Continue) Scientific name Correct authority Nezumia sclerorhynchus Notopogon xenosoma Notothenia coriiceps Oblada melanura Ochetobius elongatus Odontaspis ferox Odontobutis potamophila Oligosarcus jenynsii Oncorhynchus keta Oncorhynchus kisutch Oncorhynchus mykiss Oncorhynchus nerka Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Ophichthus multiserialis Ophidion barbatum Ophidion rochei Ophiocephalus striatus Ophisurus guineensis Oreochromis andersonii Oreochromis aureus Oreochromis esculentus Oreochromis macrochir Oreochromis mortimeri Oreochromis mossambicus Oreochromis niloticus Oreochromis placidus Oreochromis shiranus chilwae Oreochromis spilurus Oreochromis tanganicae Osmerus eperlanus Osteobrama belangeri Otolithoides biauritus Oxyeleotris marmorata Pagellus erythrinus Pagetopsis macropterus Pagrosomus major Parachaeturichthys polynema Paracheilinus carpenteri Paralichthys adspersus Paralichthys microps Paralichthys olivaceus Paranthias furcifer Paratilapia thomasi Parma microlepis Perca flavescens Perca fluviatilis Perccottus glenii Phoxinus phoxinus Phycis blennoides Physiculus longifilis Physiculus luminosus Physiculus roseus Physiculus therosideros Piaractus mesopotamicus Pimelodus maculatus Plagioscion squamosissimus Platichthys flesus Pleuronectes flesus Pleuronectes platessa Poecilia vivipara Pollachius virens Pomacentrus amboinensis Pomacentrus moluccensis Pomacentrus wardi (Valenciennes, 1838) Regan, 1914 Richardson, 1844 (Linnaeus, 1758) (Kner, 1867) (Risso, 1810) (Günther, 1861) (Günther, 1864) (Walbaum, 1792) (Walbaum, 1792) (Walbaum, 1792) (Walbaum, 1792) (Walbaum, 1792) Norman, 1939 Linnaeus, 1758 Müller, 1845 Bloch, 1793 Blache, 1975 (Castelnau, 1861) (Steindachner, 1864) (Graham, 1928) (Boulenger, 1912) (Trewavas, 1966) (Peters, 1852) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Trewavas, 1941) (Trewavas, 1966) (Günther, 1894) (Günther, 1894) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Valenciennes, 1844) (Cantor, 1849) (Bleeker, 1852) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Boulenger, 1907) (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843) (Bleeker, 1853) Randall & Lubbock, 1981 (Steindachner, 1867) (Günther, 1881) (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) (Valenciennes, 1828) Boulenger, 1915 Günther, 1862 (Mitchill, 1814) Linnaeus, 1758 Dybowski, 1877 (Linnaeus, 1758) (Brünnich, 1768) Weber, 1913 Paulin, 1983 Alcock, 1891 Paulin, 1987 (Holmberg, 1887) Lacepéde, 1803 (Heckel, 1840) (Linnaeus, 1758) Linnaeus, 1758 Linnaeus, 1758 Bloch & Schneider, 1801 (Linnaeus, 1758) Bleeker, 1868 Bleeker, 1853 Whitley, 1927 Numbers of citations Incorrect n. (%) 10 (50.00) 1 (100.00) 2 (13.33) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (33.33) 1 (33.33) 1 (33.33) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 2 (50.00) 1 (100.00) - Correct n. (%) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 10 (50.00) 1 (100.00) 2 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 4 (100.00) 2 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 6 (100.00) 13 (86.67) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 3 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 2 (66.67) 2 (66.67) 2 (66.67) 1 (100.00) 22 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 3 (100.00) 2 (50.00) 1 (100.00) 4 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 4 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 128 A.S. Tarkan et al. / Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 3: 119-129 (2003) Table 2. (Continue) Scientific name Correct authority Pomatoschistus minutus Pomatoschistus tortonesei Prochilodus lineatus Prochilodus scrofa Pseudochaenichthys georgianus Pseudojuloides mesostigma Pseudolabrus eoethinus Pseudolabrus japonicus Pseudomugil signifer Puntius gonionotus Raja clavata Rastrineobola argentea Reinhardtius hippoglossoides Rexea antefurcata Rexea bengalensis Rhabdosargus sarba Rhinichthys atratulus Rhiniodon typus Rhodeus sericeus amarus Rhodeus sinensis Rhombosolea tapirina Rutilus rutilus Sagamia geneionema Salminus maxillosus Salmo gairdneri Salmo marmoratus Salmo salar Salmo trutta Salvelinus alpinus Salvelinus fontinalis Salvelinus malma Sarda sarda Sardina pilchardus Sardinops sagax Sarotherodon galilaeus Sarotherodon melanotheron Scardinius erythrophthalmus Scardinius graecus Schilbe intermedius Schizodon altoparanae Schizodon borelli Schizodon intermedius Schizothorax kumaonensis Schizothorax richardsonii Scomber japonicus Scomber scombrus Scophthalmus maximus Scorpaena elongata Scorpaena loppei Scorpaena porcus Sebastes emphaeus Sebastes marinus Sebastes mentella Sebastes variegatus Semotilus atromaculatus Seriola dumerili Serranus subligarius Siganus sutor Silurichthys leucopodus Silurichthys schneideri Silurus glanis Solea heinii Solea solea Somniosus rostratus (Pallas, 1770) Miller, 1969 (Valenciennes, 1836) Steindachner, 1881 Norman, 1937 Randall & Randall, 1981 (Richardson, 1846) (Houttuyn, 1782) Kner, 1866 (Bleeker, 1850) Linnaeus, 1758 (Pellegrin, 1904) (Walbaum, 1792) Parin, 1989 (Alcock, 1894) (Forsskål, 1775) (Hermann, 1804) Smith, 1828 (Bloch, 1782) Günther, 1868 Günther, 1862 (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hilgendorf, 1879) Valenciennes, 1850 Richardson, 1836 Cuvier, 1829 Linnaeus, 1758 Linnaeus, 1758 (Linnaeus, 1758) (Mitchill, 1814) (Walbaum, 1792) (Bloch, 1793) (Walbaum, 1792) (Jenyns, 1842) (Linnaeus, 1758) Rüppell, 1852 (Linnaeus, 1758) Stephanidis, 1937 Rüppell, 1832 Garavello & Britski, 1990 (Boulenger, 1900) Garavello & Britski, 1990 Menon, 1971 (Gray, 1832) Houttuyn, 1782 Linnaeus, 1758 (Linnaeus, 1758) Cadenat, 1943 Cadenat, 1943 Linnaeus, 1758 (Starks, 1911) (Linnaeus, 1758) Travin, 1951 Quast, 1971 (Mitchill, 1818) (Risco, 1810) (Cope, 1870) (Valenciennes, 1835) Fowler, 1939 Volz, 1904 Linnaeus, 1758 Steindachner, 1903 (Linnaeus, 1758) (Risso, 1827) Numbers of citations Incorrect n. (%) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 3 (75.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (50.00) 3 (100.00) 10 (76.92) 1 (100.00) 6 (40.00) 2 (25.00) 1 (100.00) 2 (66.67) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (50.00) 13 (81.25) 1 (50.00) 1 (16.67) 1 (33.33) - Correct n. (%) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (25.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (50.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 3 (23.08) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 86 (100.00) 35 (100.00) 9 (60.00) 6 (75.00) 1 (100.00) 6 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 3 (100.00) 1 (33.33) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (50.00) 1 (100.00) 4 (100.00) 3 (18.75) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (50.00) 5 (83.33) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 4 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 2 (66.67) 1 (100.00) A.S. Tarkan et al. / Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 3: 119-129 (2003) 129 Table 2. (Continue) Scientific name Correct authority Sparus aurata Sparus macrocephalus Sphoeroides marmoratus Sphyrna lewini Spicara flexuosa Sprattus sprattus Stegastes nigricans Steindachnerina insculpta Stellifer rastrifer Stizostedion lucioperca Strangomera bentincki Syngnathus abaster Syngnathus scovelli Syngnathus typhle Synodontis zambezensis Synodus evermanni Synodus scituliceps Tachysurus thalassinus Tarpon atlanticus Tenualosa ilisha Thalassoma bifasciatum Theragra chalcogramma Thorogobius macrolepis Thunnus alalunga Thunnus maccoyii Thunnus thynnus Thymallus thymallus Tilapia rendalli Tilapia zillii Tinca tinca Trachinotus ovatus Trachonurus sentipellis Trachonurus sulcatus Trachonurus villosus Trachurus mediterraneus Trachurus symmetricus murphyi Trachurus trachurus Trachypoma macracanthus Trematomus bernachii Trematomus pennellii Trisopterus luscus Trisopterus minutus Tristramella simonis Tropidophoxinellus alburnoides Typhlonus nasus Umbrina cirrosa Upeneus parvus Valencia hispanica Ventrifossa misakia Vimba vimba Wallago attu Xenomelaniris brasiliensis Xenotilapia boulengeri Xenotilapia sima Xiphias gladius Xiphophorus helleri Xyrias revulsus Zeus faber Linnaeus, 1758 (Basilewsky, 1855) (Lowe, 1838) (Griffith & Smith, 1834) Rafinesque, 1810 (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lacepéde, 1802) (Fernández-Yépez, 1948) (Jordan, 1889) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Norman, 1936) Risso, 1827 (Evermann & Kendall, 1896) Linnaeus, 1758 Peters, 1852 Jordan & Bollman, 1890 Jordan & Gilbert, 1882 (Rüppell, 1837) (Valenciennes, 1847) (Hamilton, 1822) (Bloch, 1791) (Pallas, 1814) (Kolombatovic, 1891) (Bonnaterre, 1788) (Castelnau, 1872) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Boulenger, 1897) (Gervais, 1848) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, 1758) Gilbert & Cramer, 1897 (Goode & Bean, 1885) (Günther, 1877) (Steindachner, 1868) Nichols, 1920 (Linnaeus, 1758) Günther, 1859 Boulenger, 1902 Regan, 1914 (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Günther, 1864) (Steindachner, 1866) Günther, 1878 (Linnaeus, 1758) Poey, 1852 (Valenciennes, 1846) (Jordan & Gilbert, 1904) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) (Poll, 1942) Boulenger, 1899 Linnaeus, 1758 Heckel, 1848 Jordan & Synder, 1901 Linnaeus, 1758 Numbers of citations Incorrect n. (%) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 3 (21.43) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (50.00) 2 (66.67) 3 (100.00) 1 (50.00) 3 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 2 (40.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (33.33) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (50.00) Correct n. (%) 19 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 11 (78.57) 1 (100.00) 2 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (50.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (33.33) 1 (100.00) 1 (50.00) 1 (100.00) 2 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 3 (60.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 2 (66.67) 2 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 2 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 7 (100.00) 2 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 1 (50.00)