cryptogamie mycologie volume 34 n°1 2013 contents Jérôme DEGREEF, Mario AMALFI, Cony DECOCK & Vincent DEMOULIN — Two rare Phallales recorded from Sao Tomé . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13 Cony DECOCK, Mario AMALFI, Gerardo ROBLEDO & Gabriel CASTILLO — Phylloporia nouraguensis, an undescribed species on Myrtaceae from French Guiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-27 Bart BUYCK & Emile RANDRIANJOHANY — Cantharellus eyssartierii sp. nov. (Cantharellales, Basidiomycota) from monospecific Uapaca ferruginea stands near Ranomafana (eastern escarpment, Madagascar) . . 29-34 Christophe LECURU, Jean MORNAND, Jean-Pierre FIARD, Pierre-Arthur MOREAU & Régis COURTECUISSE — Clathrus roseovolvatus, a new phalloid fungus from the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35-44 Jutamart MONKAI, Jian-Kui LIU, Saranyaphat BOONMEE, Putarak CHOMNUNTI, Ekachai CHUKEATIROTE, E.B. Gareth JONES, Yong WANG & Kevin D. HYDE — Planistromellaceae (Botryosphaeriales) . . . 45-77 Tiina RANDLANE, Andres SAAG, Arne THELL & Teuvo AHTI — Third world list of cetrarioid lichens – in a new databased form, with amended phylogenetic and type information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79-94 Cryptogamie, Mycologie, 2013, 34 (1): 35-44 © 2013 Adac. Tous droits réservés Clathrus roseovolvatus, a new phalloid fungus from the Caribbean Christophe LÉCURU a, Jean MORNAND b, Jean-Pierre FIARD c, Pierre-Arthur MOREAU a & Régis COURTECUISSE a aFaculté des Sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques, Laboratoire des sciences végétales et fongiques, Université Lille Nord de France, F-59006 Lille cedex, France email : christophe.lecuru@univ-lille2.fr; pierre-arthur.moreau@univ-lille2.fr; regis.courtecuisse@univ-lille2.fr b29, square des Anciennes Provinces, F-49000 Angers, France email : jean.mornand@orange.fr cRésidence Les Cyclades; Appt. 524; Bat. 3; rue du Prof. R. Garcin; 97200 Fort de France, France email : j.fiard@ool.fr Abstract – A new species of Clathrus (Phallomycetideae) with white receptacle, formerly assimilated to the African species C. baumii and C. preussii, is described and illustrated from various collections from the Caribbean and Venezuela. It is characterized by a lilaceouspink to vinaceous peridium and a tropical habitat in mesophilic to meso-hygrophilic managed forests and plantations. Basidiomycota / Phallomycetideae / Phallales / Clathraceae / French West Indies Résumé – Une nouvelle espèce du genre Clathrus (Phallomycetideae) à réceptacle blanc, jusqu’ici confondue avec les espèces africaines C. baumii et C. preussii, est décrite et illustrée d’après plusieurs collections originaires des Antilles et du Venezuela. Elle se caractérise par un péridium rose lilacin à vineux et un habitat en forêts exploitées et plantations en milieu tropical mésophile à hygro-mésophile. Basidiomycota / Phallomycetideae / Phallales / Clathraceae / Antilles Françaises INTRODUCTION Currently the Clathraceae family (Phallales, Basidiomycota), as circumscribed by Hosaka et al. (2006) and Cabral et al. (2012), encompasses species with gleba attached to the inner side of the arms, such as Clathrus, but also * Corresponding author: regis.courtecuisse@univ-lille2.fr doi/ 10.782/crym.v34.iss1.2013.35 36 C. Lécuru, J. Mornand, J.-P. Fiard et al. Fig. 1. Distribution map of Clathrus roseovolvatus sp. nov. Locality in Cuba not documented (see Material studied). Aseroe Labill., Ileodictyon Tul., Laternea Turpin, as well as a few “truffle-like” collections of Gelopellis and Protubera. Despite the recent efforts of Cabral et al. (2012) to refine the Clathraceae phylogeny, with the segregation of a new genus Abrachium, several morphologically defined and currently recognized genera: Blumenavia A. Møller, Colus Cavalier & Séchier, Ligiella J.A. Sáenz, Pseudoclathrus B. Liu & Y.-S. Bau, and Pseudocolus Lloyd (Dring 1980; Liu & Bau, 1979; Sáenz 1980) are still in need of molecular data. The genus Clathrus P. Micheli ex L.: Pers. is a widespread, welldocumented genus, although many tropical species are only known from a single or few records. The fundamental revision by Dring (1980), following the older but accurate synopsis by Fischer (1909) and Lloyd (1909), makes an account of 20 (two of them unnamed) species worldwide and includes the formerly segregated genus Anthurus Kalchbr. & MacOwan. Such a treatment may appear almost exhaustive, and in fact only four further species, C. transvaalensis Eicker & D.A. Reid, C. hainanensis X.L. Wu, C. argentinus L.S. Domínguez, and C. cristatus Fazolino et al., nearly all known from a single specimen, have been added since (Domínguez de Toledo 1985; Eicker & D.A. Reid 1990; Wu 1998; Fazolino et al. 2010, respectively). Nevertheless, Dring (1980) identified some points requiring further study, one being the delimitation of white clathroid species. During field work in the French West Indies (Guadeloupe and Martinique) between 2003 and 2011 (Courtecuisse 2006) seven specimens were collected of a species which turned out to have been already collected but misnamed by Dennis (1953: 313) in Jamaica and (1970: 7) in Trinidad, then dealt with by Dring (1980: 38) from Dennis’ collections and from a Martinique sample collected by one of us (J.-P. Fiard). All these collections show a stable morphology, especially a striking and characteristic lilaceous-pink to purplish peridium, already observed by Dennis (loc. cit. and unpublished notes, K; in Dring, 1980: 38) on his four collections, a character here considered as unique in the genus. Clathrus roseovolvatus, a new phalloid fungus from the Caribbean 37 This article aims to name this species, after having checked collections preserved in the herbarium at Kew (K) in addition to our own material. A comparison with similar species and an identification key to white clathroid species of Clathrus worldwide are also proposed. MATERIAL AND METHODS All specimens found in Guadeloupe and Martinique between 2003 and 2012 (see Material studied below) were photographed in situ, described for macromorphology, and air-dried. Exsiccata are kept at the herbarium of the Faculté des Sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques, Lille (LIP). The fungal herbarium K (Royal Botanical Garden, Richmond, OK) was visited in April 2012 by P.-A. Moreau, who took notes and pictures of specimens. Microscopical characters were described on exsiccata, in Congo red (10 % NH4OH solution) after revival in 5 % KOH aqueous solution, also directly observed in 5 % KOH after reviving, and in Melzer’s reagent (0.5 mg I, 1.5 mg IK, 20 mg chloral hydrate, for 22 ml distilled water). Descriptive terminology follows Dring (1980). DESCRIPTION Clathrus roseovolvatus Lécuru, Mornand, Fiard & Courtec., sp. nov. Fig. 2 (A-G) MycoBank: MB 800546 Diagnosis: Differs from other white species in the genus by pinkish to vinaceous peridium. In mesophilic to meso-hygrophilic tropical forests, widespread in the Caribbean. Holotype: France, Martinique, Sainte-Luce, forêt départementalodomaniale de Montravail, on ground in a mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) plantation, leg. R. Courtecuisse and P.-A. Moreau, 20 August 2007, CL/ Mart07.094 (LIP). Misapplied names: Clathrus cf. chrysomycelinus sensu Dennis (1953: 132); C. preussii sensu Dennis (1970: 7), Baroni (2012); C. baumii sensu Dring (1980: 38), pro parte. Illustrations: Dring (1980, pl. 10, as “Clathrus baumii”, line drawings); Baroni (2012, as “C. preussii”). Etymology: Roseovolvatus (Latin: roseus, -a, -um, adj: pink; volvatus, -a, -um, adj., from Volva, ae, f: volva); with pink volva, reference to the distinctive colour of outer peridium. Basidiome usually solitary, when unexpanded subglobose, 35-45 mm diam., firm, surface smooth, pinkish from the beginning, marbled by white veins forming wide polygonal areolae. Peridium when expanded, lilaceous, pinkish brown, vinaceous pink to dark purplish, somewhat greyish-tinged in places, opening into several rounded, triangular or irregular lobes, often partly cut into irregular patches at receptacle apex. Receptacle obovate with distinct pseudostipe immersed in volva (double in JC 08.02.29.01), pure white to pale cream yellow 38 C. Lécuru, J. Mornand, J.-P. Fiard et al. Fig. 2. Clathrus roseovolvatus sp. nov. A-D: Basidiomata (scale bar = 10 mm). A: expanded basidiome, CL/Mart07.094 (holotype). B: Expanded basidiome, Fiard 2740 LIP. C: Detail of receptacle (CL/Mart07.094) showing porose inner wall of meshes. D: Longitudinal section of unexpanded basidiome, CL/Mart08.067. E-G: Microscopical features, CL/Mart08.067 (scale bar = 10 µm). E: basidiospores. F: Basidia and subhymenium. G: Exoperidium in radial section. Credits: A, C, E-G: P.-A. Moreau; B: J.-P. Fiard; D: C. Lécuru. Clathrus roseovolvatus, a new phalloid fungus from the Caribbean 39 (butter yellow when dry), up to 8-10 × 5-6 cm, formed of 4-6 mm wide, densely wrinkled and crispate arms triangular in section, without setae or membrane, surrounding large rounded to ovoid meshes. Gleba dark olivaceous green, then blackish. Smell raphanoid before expansion, then strong, unpleasant to distinctly putrid. Mycelium cord-like, white. Basidiospores (3.5-) 3.8-5.0 × 1.8-2.2 (-2.8) µm, Q (L/w) = 1.90-2.50, smooth, cylindrical to slightly rod-shaped in profile, cylindrical to slightly pyrenoid in front view, with truncate apiculus. Basidia 18-24 × 3.5-5.0 µm, (4-)68(-9)-spored, club-shaped with variously elongated base; sterigmata very short (up to 1 µm long). Subhymenium made of slender colourless hyphae, 3-4.5 µm wide. Receptacle made of parallel hyphae, 4-7 µm wide, septate and mostly clamped, some inflated at septum, mostly colourless, some with irregularly thickened yellowish wall. Peridium about 150 µm thick, orange yellow in KOH, 2-layered, made of filamentous hyphae, smooth in depth, incrusted towards surface; outer surface a subepithelial structure of cylindrical to globose elements, 4-5-8(-16) µm wide, mostly with encrusting pigment. Ecology and distribution: On bare soil, sparse and relatively infrequent but apparently widespread in the Greater Antilles (Cuba, Jamaica, likely also Puerto Rico: Lodge, 1998; T.J. Baroni, 2012) as well as volcanic Lesser Antilles (French West Indies, Trinidad); also present in Venezuela and likely throughout tropical America. Collections are made throughout the year, always observed by us after heavy rainfalls (the type was collected a few days after Dean hurricane crossed over Martinique in 2007). Mainly in anthropic or secondary forests (plantations of coffee or cocoa trees, palms, mahogany, etc.), at mesophilic or meso-hygrophilic levels. Stable in its growing sites in Martinique and Guadeloupe. Other collections studied: Cuba, in palm forests, “on rotten wood?”, 26 June, Wright, Curtis 714 (K, as “Clathrus crispus”)1. France, Guadeloupe, Sainte-Rose, Trace de Sofaia, 250 m. alt, on earth, lower hygrophilic forest, 29 August 1975, J.-P. Fiard, 570A (K, as “Clathrus sp.”); Guadeloupe, PetitBourg, route forestière de Jules, on soil, mesophilic forest, 29 February 2008, J. Chabrol, JC 08.02.29.01 (LIP); ibidem, 17 June 2008, J. Chabrol, JC 08.06.17.01 (LIP); Martinique, not dated, J.-P. Fiard, 3169 (LIP); Martinique, le Marin, Morne Aca, 26 November 2002, J.-P. Fiard, 2740 LIP (colour slide only); Martinique, Sainte-Luce, forêt départementalo-domaniale de Montravail, on ground in hygromesophilic forest, 23 August 2008, C. Lécuru, CL/Mart08.015 (LIP); Martinique, Prêcheur, Anse Couleuvre, degraded secondary tropical hygrophilic forest, on soil amongst decaying litter of bamboos, with Mutinus bambusinus and Phallus indusiatus, 24 August 2008, C. Lécuru, CL/Mart08.067 (LIP). Jamaica, Clydesdale, 19 December 1949, R.W.G. Dennis, Flora of Jamaica 10 (K, as “Clathrus cf. chrysomycelinus” corrected into “cf. preussii” by Dennis’ hand)1. Venezuela, Caracas, Mariposa, 26 June 1958, R.W.G. Dennis, 1079 (K, as “Clathrus cf. preussii”, unopened specimen, annoted “Receptacle pure white, peridium lilaceous”)1; Distr. Federal, Chichiriviche, on soil under bushes in coffee plantations, 500 m, 6 July 1958, R.W.G. Dennis, Flora of Venezuela 1392 (K, as “Clathrus cf. preussii”)1. Comparative material studied: Clathrus baumii: Angola, Cazengo, Granja de S. Luiz, on rotting roots of Firmiana, November 1909 after the African 1. These collections were all revised by D.M. Dring and gathered by him or by R.W.G. Dennis (in accordance with Dring’s taxonomic concepts, 1980: 38) in the same pack “Clathrus baumii” at K (visited by P.-A. Moreau, 18 April 2012). 40 C. Lécuru, J. Mornand, J.-P. Fiard et al. spring rains, J. Gossweiler (K, 159797); Kenya, Malindi Distr., Malindi, Robertson Plot, in relict coastal bush on coral rag, 15 January 1998, S.A. Robertson, 7257B (K, 77477). Clathrus chrysomycelinus: Venezuela, Miranda, Guatupo, on soil in forest, 26 June 1958, R.W.G. Dennis, Flora of Venezuela 1100 (K). Clathrus oahuensis: U.S.A., Hawaii, Oahu, Koko Head crater, 29 January 1970, J.A. Meeker and W. Stump (K, Holotype). Clathrus transvaalensis: Republic of South Africa, Pretoria, Country Club, on soil beneath Eucalyptus trees, 16 February 1989, A. Eicker, PRUM 2687 (K, Holotype). DISCUSSION As many as seven white or whitish species of Clathrus are described in literature: C. baumii Henn. (Hennings 1903), C. cameroensis Henn. ex Sacc. (Hennings 1891, Saccardo 1891), C. chrysomycelinus A. Møller (Møller 1895), C. preussii (Henn.) Henn. (Hennings 1895, 1897), the minute and outstanding C. delicatus Berk. & Broome (Berkeley & Broome 1875, from Sri Lanka; Swapna et al. 2010, from India), and the more recently published C. transvaalensis Eicker & D.A. Reid (Eicker & Reid 1990, from South Africa) and C. hainensis X.L. Wu (Wu, 1998, from China). In addition some occasional albino collections of usually red-coloured species are known, usually mixed with “normal”-coloured specimens (for instance Clathrus ruber P. Micheli ex Pers.: Pers.; a white form of C. crispus Turpin is also known from Puerto Rico and Guadeloupe; Lodge 2012, as “Clathrus sp.”; Lécuru, unpublished data). Finally, a white clathroid species with grey-brown peridium: Ligiella rodrigueziana J.A. Sáenz (Sáenz 1980) is known from Mexico and Costa Rica, and shows some morphological affinity with C. crispus, with meshes similarly surrounded by a membrane. Albeit incomplete, current knowledge on geographical distribution of Clathrus species suggests a strong continental endemism (Mediterranean basin, Neotropics, Australasia, Africa; Dring, 1980). According to Dring, C. baumii would be an exception as being known from both Africa and Central America. However his description is taken from Dissing & Lange (1963a) while the line drawings are based upon Dennis’ Caribbean and Venezuelan collections. The British specialist indicates that C. baumii is characterized by “strikingly flat outer surface of the arms”, a character which might have led him to this identification from herbarium material and pictures, despite of differences in colours of receptacle and particulary peridium especially (see Tab. 1 below). Before comparing more closely C. baumii and C. roseovolvatus (Tab. 1) it is useful to consider all other white or whitish-coloured clathroid species of Clathus. African species: — Clathrus baumii is described in detail by Dissing and Lange (1963a: 334) on the basis of a collection of Mrs Gossens-Fontana (from Congo Kinshasa, 1923) preserved at BR. It is in agreement with the two collections observed by us at K, from Angola (cited by Dring 1980) and a more recent from Kenya. Both collections, on dry specimens as well as on colour photographs, show a deep butter yellow colour of expanded receptacle, also present on Gossens-Fontana’s Clathrus roseovolvatus, a new phalloid fungus from the Caribbean 41 aquarelle (in Dissing & Lange 1963b: 221, pl. 38 fig. 5). See Table 1 for comparison with C. roseovolvatus. — Clathrus preussii has typical setae and “ teeth ” (Dring 1980) on arms of the receptacle. — Clathrus cameroensis is, according to Dring (1980: 37), a close relative of C. preussii but lacking the tooth-like “fringe”. Hennings (1892: 358, as “C. camerunensis”) apparently forgot to note the colour of the receptacle (“presumably not red”; Dring, loc. cit.); however Saccardo (1891: 264) indicates “albo”. It is known only from the original collection. — Clathrus transvaalensis (Eicker and Reid 1990) is known only from the type specimen, well preserved at K. The receptacle is irregularly branched, not anastomosing in the lower middle part, with gleba as discontinuous spots formed on glebifers, and with a pure white, brittle peridium. The figure of Lloyd (1918, fig. 1128) erroneously identified as “Clathrus camerunensis”, based on a picture sent to him from “Africa” (probably Transvaal, South Africa) by Paul A. van der Bijl, is probably the first representation of C. transvaalensis. Its structure looks similar to that of the red-coloured C. treubii C. Bern., of which Lloyd (1909) published pictures of original collections. American species — Clathrus chrysomycelinus (Møller 1895) is a rare species so far only reported from a few localities of South America (Brazil, Venezuela: Dring 1980, Fazolino et al. 2010) and Costa Rica (Calonge et al. 2005). Lloyd (1909) reports that the mycelium may not always be typically yellow, however the species is best characterized by its gleba forming small isolated spot-like masses on the inner side of pale orange to whitish arms (Møller 1895; Fischer 1909: 284, fig. 132A). — Clathrus oahuensis (Dring et al. 1971; Dring 1980: 41) looks morphologically closer to C. preussii with some setae on the lowest arms of the receptacle, but the gleba is arranged in droplets such as in C. chrysomycelinus (Dring et al. 1971: 895, fig. 6). It seems to be known only from the type collection from Hawaii. — Clathrus “species 1” of Dring (1980: 23) is a white species known only from a damaged specimen without volva (but egg noted “cream”), found in Brazil, with smaller spores than C. roseovolvatus. It is said to be characterized by arms triangular in section with a median groove and “glebiferous crests along the sides”. In the reconstructed drawing by Dennis (in Dring, loc. cit.: 21, fig. 1A) spines on rather long basal arms are reminiscent of those described for C. preussii and C. oahuensis. It should also be compared to Clathrus affinis Lloyd (Lloyd 1909: 60), a forgotten taxon based on a single specimen from Brazil, observed by Lloyd at the British Museum but not cited by Dring (1980), as well as with the similarly small-spored Ligiella rodrigueziana (Sáenz 1980) and with the recently described red-coloured C. cristatus (Fazolino et al. 2010), described on a single specimen, with comparably fringed meshes and brownish volva. Australasian species — Clathrus hainanensis (Wu 1998) is a robust, fleshy species similar to C. ruber, known from coastal sands in China. — Clathrus cibarius (Tul.) E. Fischer (better known as Ileodictyon cibarius Tul.; Raoul 1844), taken in a wide sense including C. gracile Berk. 42 C. Lécuru, J. Mornand, J.-P. Fiard et al. Table 1. Comparative morphology of Clathrus baumii and C. roseovolvatus (adapted respectively from Dissing and Lange 1963a, 1963b, and personal observations). Clathrus baumii Clathrus roseovolvatus Egg About 3 cm diam. 3.5-4.5 cm diam. Peridium Dirty whitish Lilaceous to dark purplish Receptacle Bright yellow to yellow-brown Pure white then pale cream yellow Spore mass Brownish to violaceus Dark olivaceous green Distribution Tropical Africa West Indies, South America Spores 4.6-5.4 × 1.6-2.2 µm 4.0-5.0 × 2.0-2.2 µm (Fischer 1909), is a well-known, large species found indigenously from India to Australia and Japan, with a sessile receptacle which usually separates spontaneously from volva when mature. Its inclusion in Clathrus, as recommended by Lloyd (1909) and Fischer (1909), is not followed by Dring (1980). Lloyd’s intuition might find new support in phylogenetic studies such as published by Hosaka et al. (2006). Clathrus species are not as numerous in the Neotropics (Dring 1980; Minter et al., 2001) as they can be in Australasia (Lloyd 1909). As far as French West Indies are concerned, in addition to C. roseovolvatus only five species of Clathrus are reported so far, all from one or a very few collections: C. berkeleyi W.R. Gerard (Duss 1903, as “Laternea pusilla Turpin”), C. columnatus Bosc (Duss 1903), C. crispus (Plumier 1705, as “Boletus cancellatus purpureus”; Duss 1903; Montagne 1855), and C. triscapus (Turpin) Fr. (Dring 1980). According to our own experience C. roseovolvatus is by far the most frequently observed species of clathroid Phallales in the Lesser Antilles. Moreover, since no other species of Clathrus is known to show such a coloured peridium and regarding its constant morphology in comparison with other neotropical species, we cannot interpret C. roseovolvatus as an occasional albino form of any already described red-coloured species and therefore suggest it is an undescribed autonomous species. Key to white or yellowish species of Clathrus 1. Gleba on mature receptacle arranged continuously along the inner side of arms 1. Gleba on mature receptacle forming discontinuous spots or spherical droplets formed on glebifers 2. Peridium pinkish to purple. Tropical America C. roseovolvatus 2. Peridium pure white, cream to grayish 3. Receptacle meshes surrounded by a membrane with distinct striate rims. Known from the Caribbean (with brownish volva, see Ligiella rodrigueziana). albino form of C. crispus 3. Receptacle meshes not delimited by a membrane. Asia and Paleotropics 4. Receptacle pure white, loose, globose without pseudostipe, with large polygonal meshes. South Eastern Asia and India to Australia see Ileodictyon spp. 4. Receptacle compact, with pseudostipe 2 7 3 4 6 Clathrus roseovolvatus, a new phalloid fungus from the Caribbean 5. China, on coastal sands. Receptacle white, fleshy with very short pseudostipe. Meshes irregular, more or less elongated C. hainanensis 5. Tropical Africa. Receptacle pale yellowish to butter yellow, obovoid with distinct pseudostipe. Meshes pentagonal to hexagonal 6. Meshes with marginal fringe. Receptacle white when fresh C. preussii 6. Meshes without marginal fringe. Receptacle butter yellow when fresh C. baumii 7. South African species. Gleba forming irregular polygonal spots C. transvaalensis 7. Tropical America, India and Hawaii. Gleba forming distant rounded droplets 8. India and Sri Lanka. Minute lignicolous species C. delicatus 8. Tropical America and Hawaii. Terrestrial, small- to medium-sized species 9. Tropical America. Arms of receptacle without setae. Mycelium usually deep yellow C. chrysomycelinus 9. Known from Hawaii. Lower arms with setae. Mycelium white C. oahuensis (see also Clathrus affinis and C. “sp1”, Dring 1980, known from Brazil) 43 7 8 9 Acknowledgements. We acknowledge Jean Chabrol (Alès, France) for the gift of these collections of C. roseovolvatus from Guadeloupe and his kind assistance during field work in Guadeloupe. P.-A. Moreau is especially grateful to the curator and assistant of the fungal herbarium of the Kew Botanical Garden, Richmond, UK (Dr. Bryn Dentinger and Dr. Begoña Aguirre-Hudson) for their kind reception and guidance during his visit. Béatrice Boury and Pierre Ravaux (CRI, Université Lille 2) are also warmly acknowledged for their technical support, as well as Henry Beker (Bruxelles) for the improvement of English language. This work was partly realized in the context of a research program “Inventaire mycologique des Petites Antilles. 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Tous droits réservés Planistromellaceae (Botryosphaeriales) Jutamart MONKAI a,b,c, Jian-Kui LIU b,c, Saranyaphat BOONMEE b,c, Putarak CHOMNUNTI b,c, Ekachai CHUKEATIROTE b,c, E. B. Gareth JONES d, Yong WANG a* & Kevin D. HYDE b,c aDepartment bSchool of Plant Pathology, Agriculture College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand c Institute of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand dInstitute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), C308, Institute of Postgraduate Studies Building, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia Abstract – In this paper, we re-examine, re-describe and illustrate all sexual generic type specimens of Planistromellaceae including Comminutispora agavacearum, Eruptio acicola, Loratospora aestuarii, Microcyclus angolensis, Mycosphaerellopsis myricariae, Planistroma yuccigenum and Planistromella yuccifoliorum. We also use molecular data from GenBank to show the taxonomic placement of some of these genera. Members of family Planistromellaceae (Botryosphaeriales) are saprobes or pathogens on various plants and characterized by multi or uniloculate ascostromata which are erumpent through cracking or splitting of host tissues and have periphysate ostioles. The ascostromata comprise several layers of brown to black thick-walled cells, pseudoparaphyses are not obvious in mature specimens, and asci are bitunicate. The asexual morphs were previously reported to be found in the genera Aposphaeria-like, Fusicladium, Hyphospora, Kellermania, Lecanosticta, Pazschkeella and Piptarthron. Following this study, phylogenetic analyses based on molecular data from LSU and ITS genes provide strong support for the monophyly of the Planistromellaceae in the Botryosphaeriales, while the Planistromellaceae clade separates into three different groups represented by the type species of Piptarthron, Planistroma and Kellermania, respectively. We accept Kellermania (= Planistromella and possibly Piptarthron), Planistroma and Mycosphaerellopsis (the latter with no molecular support) in Planistromellaceae, while four other genera are redisposed of as follows: Comminutispora clusters in Capnodiales, Eruptio and Microcyclus have been shown to be members of Mycosphaerellaceae, and Loratospora has been shown to belong in Phaeosphaeriaceae. Aposphaeria-like / Comminutispora / Eruptio / Fusicladium / Hyphospora / Kellermania / Lecanosticta / Loratospora / Microcyclus / molecular phylogeny / Mycosphaerellopsis / Pazschkeella / Piptarthron / Planistroma / Planistromella / taxonomy / type specimens INTRODUCTION The class Dothideomycetes contains the largest species numbers and is the most phylogenetically diverse group in the phylum Ascomycota. Development in this group is ascolocular and asci are bitunicate (Kirk et al., 2008). Previously, the classification of Dothideomycetes was determined using morphological characters * Corresponding author: Yong Wang, email address:yongwangbis@yahoo.cn doi/ 10.782/crym.v34.iss1.2013.45