REINWARDTIA
Vol 12, Part 3, pp: 205 – 214
MOSSES OF GUNUNG HALIMUN NATIONAL PARK, WEST JAVA,
INDONESIA
BENITO C. TAN
Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260
BOON-CHUAN HO
Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260
VIRGILIO LINIS
Botany Division, National Museum, P. Burgos st., Manila, The Philippines
EKA A.P. ISKANDAR
Cibodas Botanical Garden, LIPI, PO Box 19, SDL Sindanglaya, Cianjur 43253, W.Java,Indonesia
IPAH NURHASANAH
Balai TNBBS-Ditjen PHKA, Jl. Ir. H. Juanda No. 19, Kota Agung, Tanggamus, Lampung, Indonesia
LIA DAMAYANTI
Cibodas Botanical Garden, LIPI, PO Box 19, SDL Sindanglaya, Cianjur, 43253, W Java, Indonesia
SRI MULYATI
Balai Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun -Ditjen PHKA, Dephut, Jl. Raya Cipanas, Kec. Kabandungan, Kotak Pos
2, Parung Kuda, Sukabumi, 43157, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
IDA HAERIDA
Herbarium Bogoriense, LIPI, Jl Ir. H. Juanda No. 22, Bogor, Java, Indonesia
ABSTRACT
TAN, BENITO C.; HO, BOON-CHUAN; LINIS, VIRGILIO; ISKANDAR, EKA A.P.; NURHASANAH, IPAH;
DAMAYANTI, LIA; MULYATI,SRI; HAERIDA, IDA. 2006. Mosses of Gunung Halimun National Park, West
Java, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 12(3): 205–214. –– 150 species of mosses in 74 genera and 25 families are reported
for the first time from Gunung Halimun National Park (GHNP) in West Java. Three mosses are new to the
Indonesia flora (Distichophyllum collenchymatosum, D. malayense and Fissidens kinabaluensis), and another four
mosses represent new records for Java (Dicranodontium asperulum, Daltonia armata, Glossadelphus bilobatus and
Syrrhopodon semiliber). In additions, seven can be classified as uncommon mosses in the Malesian region. This
shows that the forests of GHNP deserve a high priority of protection not only for the island of Java, but also for
Indonesia and Malesia as well.
Keywords: Gunung Halimun National Park, Java, Indonesia, mosses, biodiversity
ABSTRAK
TAN, BENITO C.; HO, BOON-CHUAN; LINIS, VIRGILIO; ISKANDAR, EKA A.P.; NURHASANAH, IPAH;
DAMAYANTI, LIA; MULYATI,SRI; HAERIDA, IDA. 2006. Lumut dari Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun,
Jawa Barat, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 12(3): 205–214. –– Untuk pertama kalinya dilaporkan bahwa terdapat 150
jenis lumut daun yang termasuk ke dalam 74 marga dan 25 suku dari Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun di Jawa
Barat. Terdapat tiga lumut daun yang tercatat baru untuk flora Indonesia (Distichophyllum collenchymatosum, D.
malayense dan Fissidens kinabaluensis), dan empat jenis lainnya untuk Jawa (Dicranodontium asperulum, Daltonia
armata, Glossadelphus bilobatus dan Syrrhopodon semiliber). Sebagai tambahan, tujuh jenis lainnya dikategorikan
sebagai lumut daun yang tidak umum ditemukan untuk daerah Malesia. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa hutan di
Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun pantas mendapatkan prioritas perlindungan tidak hanya untuk pulau Jawa, tapi
juga untuk Indonesia dan Malesia.
Kata kunci: Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun, Jawa, Indonesia, biodiversitas.
205
206
REINWARDTIA
INTRODUCTION
Covering 40,000 hectares, the Gunung
Halimun National Park (GHNP) [106°21’ to
106°38’E and 6°37’ to 6°51’S], which was
formally established in 1997, is the largest
preserved primary forests in West Java. The park
has a steep and much dissected topology, with the
highest peaks reaching 1,929 m (G Halimun
Utara). The rainfall varies between 4,000 and
6,000 annually, with a distinct dry season
occurring from May/June to September when the
precipitation decreases to around 200 mm per
month on average. The average daily temperature
is 20°-30° C. The dominant vegetation consists
of lowland dipterocarp forest from 500-900(1,000) m, the submontane transition forest from
1,000-1,500 m, and the montane lauraceousericaceous forest at attitudes above 1,500 m (see
Harada et al. 2003). The diversity of seed plants
and pteridophytes are reported to be high
consisting of about 1,000 species, but very little is
known about the bryophytes of this national park.
In 2005, the office of SEAMEO-BIOTROP in
Bogor offered a workshop to introduce the
biodiversity, ecology and conservation of
Malesian bryophytes and lichens to selected
ASEAN participants, Indonesian postgraduate
students, and national park staff. A two days
(Sept 10 and 11, 2005) field trip was organized to
visit the montane forest on Gn Kendeng, and to
explore the richness of mosses in the lowland rain
forest along the Cikaniki-Citalahab Loop Trail
between 600 to 1,000 m. A set of moss
collections was made, identified, and deposited at
the herbarium of BIOTROP Office, Bogor
Herbarium (BO) and SINU Herbarium.
Below we present a summary of our moss
survey made for Gn Halimun.
Relevant
information on local distribution and abundance,
elevation range, and substrates are reported for all
the species identified, while taxonomic synonymy
and comments are provided for selected mosses
where necessary.
The names of individual
collectors of moss specimens are listed for each
of the species entries for reference.
Our study of some 300 packets of mosses
collected from the two days visit to GHNP shows
that the indigenous moss flora is quite diverse and
rich in taxa, consisting of 150 species of mosses
in 74 genera and 25 families. This represents
about 1/5 of the moss diversity of Java Island (see
Fleischer 1904-1923). Three mosses are confirmed
new to the Indonesia flora (Distichophyllum
collenchymatosum, D. malayense and Fissidens
kinabaluensis), and another four mosses represent
[VOL.12
new records for Java (Dicranodontium asperulum,
Daltonia armata, Glossadelphus bilobatus and
Syrrhopodon semiliber). In additions, seven can
be classified as uncommon mosses in the
Malesian region. These are Acroporium longicaule,
Fissidens hyalinus, Distichophyllum jungermannioides, Dendrocyathophorum decolyi, Pogonatum camusii, P. rutteri, and Thamnobryum
ellipticum. This shows that the forests of GHNP
deserve a high priority of protection not only for
the island of Java, and also for Indonesia and
Malesia as well.
The GHNP is rather unique in having a high
concentration of species in some moss genera
within the small forested areas that we surveyed.
These genera are Acroporium (10 spp.), Fissidens
(10 spp.), Distichophyllum (9 spp.), Syrrhopodon
(7 spp.), Leucobryum (6 spp.) and Pogonatum (5
spp.). On the other hand, the areas explored by us
do not seem to harbour some of the widespread
moss taxa found in nearby Gn Salak and Gn
Gedeh-Pangerango, such as Arthrocormus
schimperi (Dozy & Molk.) Dozy & Molk.,
Fissidens ceylonensis Dozy & Molk., Funaria
hygrometrica Hedw., Isopterygium minutirameum (Muell.Hal.) A.Jaeg., Leucophanes
octoblepharioides Brid., Neckeropsis lepineana
(Mont.) M.Fleisch., and Rhodobryum giganteum
(Schwaegr.) Paris (cf. Möller 1919; Fleischer
1904-1923; Crum 1959).
This seemingly
paradoxical pattern of distribution of moss
species at GHNP is most likely an artifact of our
limited collections made along the two forested
trails chosen for the inventory exercise.
List of Mosses found on Gn Halimun arranged
alphabetically first by family, and then, by
genera and species.
BARTRAMIACEAE
Philonotis hastata (Duby) Wijk & Margad. [syn.
Philonotis laxissima Mitt.] – in wet shaded
sites in tea plantation and coconut grove, ca
1,000 m. Coll. V. Linis.
Philonotis revoluta Bosch & Sande Lac. – on wet
soil and bark of tree trunk in settlement, ca
700 m. Colls. B.-C. Ho, K.-T. Yong.
BRYACEAE
Bryum apiculatum Schwaegr. – on soil and roof
tiles at the park station in Cikaniki, ca 700800 m. Colls. B.-C. Ho, V. Linis.
2006]
TAN et.al.: Mosses of Gunung Halimun National Park, West Java, Indonesia
Brachymenium nepalense Hook. – common on
tree trunks in tea plantation, ca 700 m. Colls.
B.-C. Ho, V. Linis. An early report on the
bryophytes growing in tea plantation in
Central Java also mentioned this species
growing abundantly on trunks of tea plants
(Pancho 1979).
CALYMPERACEAE
Calymperes fasciculatum Dozy & Molk. – on tree
trunk, wood stump, and log, ca 1,000–1,400
m. Colls. V. Linis, K.-T. Yong.
Calymperes serratum A.Braun ex. Muell.Hal. –
on tree trunk, ca 1,000 m. Colls. B.-C. Ho, V.
Linis. Only one collection is found during the
survey, but the species is not rare in Malesian
lowland rain forests.
Exostratum blumei (Nees ex Hampe) L.T.Ellis –
common, on shaded tree trunks, 1,000–1,400
m. Colls. B.-C. Ho, S. Lee, M. Massora, V.
Linis.
Mitthyridium fasciculatum Dozy & Molk. – on
small and large tree trunks. Colls. B.-C. Ho,
V. Linis, K.-T. Yong.
Mitthyridium
fasciculatum subsp. cardotii
(M.Fleisch.) B.C.Tan & L.T.Ellis [syn. M.
cardotii (M.Fleisch.) H.Rob.] – on tree trunk
and branches, 900–1,200 m. Colls. B.-C. Ho,
K.-T. Yong.
Mitthyridium fasciculatum subsp. obtusifolium
(Lindb.) M.Menzel [syn. M. obtusifolium
(Lindb.) H.Rob.] – on tree trunk and logs,
1,000–1,600 m. Coll. V. Linis.
Mitthyridium flavum (Muell.Hal.) H.Rob. – on
tree trunk and branches, 1,000–1,600 m.
Colls. B.-C. Ho, V. Linis.
Mitthyridium jungquilianum (Mitt.) H.Rob. – on
tree trunk and root mass of epiphytic fern,
1,000– 1,100 m. Coll. V. Linis.
Mitthyridium repens (Harv.) H.Rob. – on tree
trunk, rare at elevation higher than 1,000 m.
Coll. V. Linis.
Syrrhopodon gardneri (Hook.) Schwaegr. –
uncommon in the study sites, on soil, ca
1,300 m. Coll. V. Linis.
Syrrhopodon muelleri (Dozy & Molk.) Sande
Lac. – on tree trunk, ca 1,100 m. Colls. B.-C.
Ho, V. Linis.
Syrrhopodon parasiticus (Sw. ex Brid.) Paris – on
tea plants in open area, ca 1,000 m. Colls. B.C. Ho, V. Linis. The presence of gemmae on
the leaf costa, instead of at leaf tip, is
characteristic of this species. The species is
not common in primary forests in Java.
207
Syrrhopodon prolifer var. albidus (Thwaites &
Mitt.) Orban & W.D. Reese [syn. S. albidus
Thwaites & Mitt.] – on branches, twigs and
dead wood, 1,200–1,600 m. Colls. B.-C. Ho,
V. Linis, K.-T. Yong.
Syrrhopodon semiliber (Mitt.) Besch. [Plate 2, G
& H] – on tree trunks, ca 1,000 m. Colls. B.C. Ho, K.-T. Yong. The specimen of this
species is similar to S. parasiticus in having
many filamentous gemmae growing on the
surface of leaf costa, but differs from the
latter in having multipapillose leaf cells (see
Reese and Lin 1991). The specimen from Gn
Halimun has many oblong to oblanceolate,
and few ovate-lanceolate, leaves.
Syrrhopodon. spiculosus Hook. & Grev. –
uncommon in the study sites, on tree trunk, ca
1,000 m. Colls. B.-C. Ho, V. Linis. The
species is rather abundant in lowland rain
forest in Malesian region at lower elevations.
S. tristichus Nees ex Schwaegr. – common in
forest at high elevations, on tree trunks,
1,200–1,600 m. Colls. B.-C. Ho, V. Linis.
DICRANACEAE
Campylopodium medium (Duby) Giese & Frahm
– on disturbed soil in tea plantation, ca 950–
1,000 m. Colls. S. Lee, V. Linis. The curved
setae of this species, when fresh, is diagnostic.
Campylopus subericoides R.S.Williams – on soil
and log in open sites, 1,200–1,600 m. Colls.
B.-C. Ho, S. Lee, V. Linis, K.-T. Yong.
Dicranodontium asperulum (Mitt.) Broth. –
uncommon, on decaying logs, 1,350–1,600
m. Coll. V. Linis. The caducous leaves with a
single thick and broad costa are characteristic.
New to Java Island.
Dicranoloma assimile (Hampe) Paris – on tree
trunks, branches and logs, 1,300–1,600 m.
Colls. B.-C. Ho, V. Linis, K-T. Yong.
Dicranoloma blumei (Nees) Paris – on tree
trunks, near summit of Gn Kendeng, above
1,600 m. Coll. V. Linis. This species has the
longest and most cylindrical leaves among its
congeners.
Dicranoloma braunii (Muell.Hal.) Paris – on tree
trunks, from 1,000–1,600 m. Colls. B.-C. Ho,
V. Linis.
Dicranoloma leucophyllum (Hampe ex Sande
Lac.) Paris – on tree trunks, 1,300–1,600 m.
Colls. V. Linis, K.-T. Yong.
Leucoloma celebesiae Broth. – locally rare, on
tree trunks, ca 1,000 m. Colls. B.C. Ho, V.
Linis.
208
REINWARDTIA
[VOL.12
Garckea flexuosa (Griff.) Margad. & Nork. [syn.
G. phascoides Muell. Hal.; G. comosa (Dozy
& Molk.) Wijk & Margad.] – on soil in open,
disturbed sites, 900–1,000 m. Colls. B.-C. Ho,
K.-T. Yong.
coupled with the rough seta, are diagnostic
for this species.
Fissidens hyalinus Hook. & Wilson – rare to
uncommon, on wet, deeply shaded soil bank
and rocks by the stream, ca 1,000 m. Coll.
E.A.P. Iskandar. The absence of a costa is
unique and distinctive for this species.
Fissidens javanicus Dozy & Molk. – on rocks
near stream, ca 1,000 m. Colls. E.A.P.
Iskandar, S. Lee.
Fissidens kinabaluensis Z.Iwats. – on soil, ca
1,000 m. Coll. E.A.P. Iskandar The narrow
and sharply pointed leaf apices, the
pluripapillose leaf cells, and the presence of
hyaline nodule help to identify this species.
The report of this species from Indonesia in
Li and Iwatsuki (2001) is based on the wrong
geographical placement of Mt. Kinabalu of
Sabah in Indonesia. Other localities reported
for this species in Malesia are from
Malaysian Borneo and Papua New Guinea.
Our report here is the first confirmed record
for Indonesia.
Fissidens nobilis Griff. – on soil and wet rocks by
stream, ca 1,000 m, along Loop Trail. Colls.
E.A.P. Iskandar, S. Lee, V. Linis, Radhiah
Zakaria. This is the largest plant of Fissidens
in GHNP.
Fissidens papillosus Sande Lac. – not common,
on tree trunk, ca 1,000 m. Coll. V. Linis.
Fissidens pellucidus Hornsch. [syn. F. laxus Sull.
& Lesq.] – on forest soil and rocks, from
700–1,500 m. Colls. E.A.P. Iskandar, K.-T.
Yong.
Fissidens serratus Muell.Hal. – rare, on root
stump, ca 1,300 m. Coll. V. Linis.
FISSIDENTACEAE
HOOKERIACEAE
Fissidens crassinervis Sande Lac. – common
along forest trail, on soil from 1,000–1,300
m. Colls. V. Linis, E.A.P. Iskandar, K.-T.
Yong.
Fissidens crispulus Brid. [syn. F. zippelianus
Dozy & Molk.] – common, on rocks and soil
inside forest, from 700–1,000 m. Colls.
E.A.P. Iskandar, V. Linis.
Fissidens hollianus Dozy & Molk. – on rocks,
soil, stream bank and root stumps, from
1,000–1,100 m. Colls. B.-C. Ho, E.A.P.
Iskandar, S. Lee, V. Linis, B.C. Tan, L.
Damanyanti. A small population of this
species was found growing on an abandoned
rubber slipper submerged in a stream along
the Loop Trail. The multipapillose leaf cells,
Actinodontium
ascendens
Schwaegr.
–
surprisingly rather common in the two study
sites, on bamboo stems and decayed logs, ca
1,000 m. Colls. B.-C. Ho, V. Linis, K.-T.
Yong.
Callicostella papillata (Mont.) Mitt. – common,
on wet logs, root stumps, and rocks by
stream, ca 1,000 m, along Loop Trail. Colls.
B.-C. Ho, V. Linis, K.-T. Yong.
Callicostella prabaktiana (Muell.Hal.) Bosch &
Sande Lac. – on wet rocks, c 1,050 m, along
Loop Trail. Coll. B.-C. Ho.
Calyptrochaeta remotifolia (Muell.Hal.) Z.
Iwats., B.C. Tan & Touw – on tree trunks and
decayed logs, ca 1,000–1,200 m, rather
common along the Loop Trail, especially
Leucoloma. molle (Muell.Hall.) Mitt. – locally
common, on trunks, branches, logs and root
masses, 1,100–1,600 m. Colls. B.-C. Ho, V.
Linis, B.C. Tan. The partially naked stem and
branches caused by the caducous leaves are
characteristic of this species.
Microdus miquelianus (Mont.) Besch. – on
disturbed soils around village near tea
plantation, ca 800–1,000 m. Coll. B.-C. Ho.
Trematodon longicollis Michx. – on soil bank in
tea plantation, ca 1,000 m. Coll. V. Linis. The
long “giraffe-like” capsular neck and the erect
capsule are distinctive for this species.
DIPHYSCIACEAE
Diphyscium mucronifolium Mitt. [syn. D.
involutum Mitt.] – on boulders by the trail
bank along Loop Trail. Colls. V. Linis, B.C.
Tan. The asymmetrically large and sessile
capsule covered by the long excurrent costae
of perichaetial leaves is distinctive. The
claim of the species as endemic to Java,
Sumatra, Borneo, the Philippines and Japan
(see Triono et al. 2002) is a misnomer for an
indigenous species.
DITRICHACEAE
2006]
TAN et.al.: Mosses of Gunung Halimun National Park, West Java, Indonesia
towards the side of Citalahab, but rare on the
trail to Gn Kendeng from the Cikaniki
station. Colls. B.-C. Ho, V. Linis, K.-T. Yong.
Cyclodictyon blumeanum (Muell.Hal.) Kuntze –
uncommon, on rotten log in deep shade, ca
1,000 m. Coll. B.-C. Ho.
Daltonia armata E.B.Bartram – uncommon, on
tree trunks and dead leaf sheath of palm, ca
900–1,100 m, along trail to Gn Halimun and
also along the Citalahab Loop Trail. Colls.
B.-C. Ho, V. Linis. This is an uncommon
species in Malesia. It is a new moss record
for Java.
Distichophyllum collenchymatosum Cardot [Plate
2, F] – on root stumps in deep forest, ca 1,600
m. Colls. V. Linis, K.-T. Yong. In Malesia,
this widespread temperate Asiatic species is
known previously only from the Philippines.
It is new to Indonesia.
Distichophyllum jungermannioides (Muell.Hal.)
Bosch & Sande Lac. [Plate 1, D] –
uncommon, on tree bases, from 980–1,050 m.
Coll. K.-T. Yong.
Distichophyllum malayense Damanhuri &
Mohamed [Plate 1, A] – rare, on decayed logs
inside forest, ca1,000 m. Coll. B.-C. Ho. The
species has similar leaf morphology like
Distichophyllidium nymanii M.Fleisch. See
Damanhuri and Mohamed (1986) for the
distinction between these two taxa. New to
Indonesia.
Distichophyllum mittenii Bosch & Sande Lac. –
common, on various wet substrates in forest,
from 900–1,600 m. Colls. B.-C. Ho, V. Linis,
Sri Mulyati, K.-T. Yong, L. Damanyanti.
Distichophyllum nigricaule Mitt. ex Bosch &
Sande Lac. var. nigricaule [syn. D.
gracilicaule M.Fleisch.] [Plate 1, C] – not so
common, on exposed palm roots, and soil
inside forest, ca 900–1,300 m. Coll. B-C. Ho.
The synonymy of this species and its varietal
treatment follows Tan and Robinson (1990).
Distichophyllum nigricaule var. cirratum
(Renauld & Cardot) M.Fleisch. [Plate 1, D] –
very common, on various wet substrates
along forest trails, ca 980–1,500 m. Colls. B.C. Ho, V. Linis, Sri Mulyati, B.C. Tan, K.-T.
Yong, Radhiah Zakaria. The broad leaf
border and the area of seemingly smaller cells
near the leaf margin than near the costa are
characteristic of this variety (see Tan and
Robinson 1990).
Distichophyllum osterwaldii M.Fleisch. – on wet
rocks in shade near stream, ca 950 m. Coll.
B.-C. Ho. This is the largest plant of
209
Distichophyllum found in GHNP growing to
2–3 cm.
Distichophyllum
subnigricaule
Broth.
–
uncommon, on wet shaded soil near creek,
from 900–1,100 m. Colls. B.-C. Ho. The
uniformly large leaf cells are distinctive.
Distichophyllum tortile Dozy & Molk. ex Bosch
& Sande Lac. – on soil bank near stream, ca
900–1,000 m. Coll. B.-C. Ho, L. Damanyanti.
This species was found also growing on an
abandoned rubber slipper submerged in a
stream along the Loop Trail.
Distichophyllum undulatum Dozy & Molk. ex
Bosch & Sande Lac. [Plate 2, A] – not
uncommon, on rotten logs and soil in forest,
from 1,000–1,500 m. Colls. Sri Mulyati,
Radhiah Zakaria. The irregularly and weakly
toothed leaf margin, with a narrow and
indistinctive border at leaf apex, is diagnostic
for this Distichophyllum.
HYPNACEAE
Ectropotheciella distichophylla(Hampe ex Dozy
& Molk.) M.Fleisch. – on shaded soil and tree
trunk base, half way along the Loop Trail, ca
1,000 m. Coll. B.C. Tan. The strongly prorate
leaf cells is characteristic for this species.
Ectropothecium buitenzorgii (Bél.) Mitt. –
common, on tree trunks, rocks and logs, ca
1,000–1,600 m. Colls. S. Lee, V. Linis. The
regularly pinnate branching habit is quite
distinctive.
Ectropothecium dealbatum (Reinw. & Hornsch.)
A.Jaeg. – on log, ca 1,200 m. Coll. B.-C. Ho.
Ectropothecium ichnotocladum (Muell.Hal.) A.
Jaeg. – on trunks in tea plantation, ca 1,000
m. Coll. S. Lee.
Glossadelphus bilobatus (Dixon) Broth. – on wet
rocks covered with soil, ca 1,000 m., also on
deeply shaded rocks by a creek in Citalahab.
Colls. V. Linis, B.C. Tan. The taxonomic
distinction between this species and
Phyllodon lingulatus (Cardot) W.R.Buck
[syn. Glosssadelphus lingulatus (Cardot)
M.Fleisch.;
G.
laevifolius
(Mitt.)
E.B.Bartram] needs clarification.
In his
revision of the genus, Tixier (1988)
distinguished G. bilobatus from the latter by
its conduplicately bilobed lateral leaves. But
this feature is illustrated in Noguchi (1994)
for Japanese specimens of P. lingulatus. It is
possible that the two taxa are synonymous.
The key character used to separate the two
species shown in the Chinese revision of the
210
REINWARDTIA
genus Glossadelphus (Jia and Wu 2004),
which sees a double-toothed apical leaf
margin in G. bilobatus, but not in P.
lingulatus, is not supported by the specimens
of these two species. Tixier (1988) had
classified both species in the Section
Anastigma (Cardot) M.Fleisch. sharing the
same doubly toothed apical leaf margin.
Glossadelphus bilobatus is a new species
record for Java.
Glossadelphus cf. micro-similans (Dixon)
E.B.Bartram [syn. Taxithelium microsimilans Dixon] – on tree trunk, near the
GHNP station at Citaniki, ca 950 m. Coll. V.
Linis. The collection compares well with the
illustrations of this species in Dixon (1935)
and the description prepared by Bartram
(1939). The plants look like a specimen of
Taxithelium instratum without the seriate
papillae on leaf cells. The leaves are broadly
ovate to ovate, and have a distinctly
constricted base consisting of a few enlarged,
thin-walled, and coloured, alar cells. The leaf
apices are variable, mostly obtuse, at times
apiculate, rarely short acuminate, but always
strongly serrate, and forming a few
irregularly crowded teeth at the leaf tip. The
laminal cells are smooth, and linear, with
sharp ends, but not “minutely papillose at the
apical angles” as reported by Bartram (1939),
neither “spiculose” as described by Dixon
(1935). Tixier (1988) was not correct to
consider this a synonym of G. similans
(Bosch & Sande Lac.) M.Fleisch.
Isopterygium albescens (Hook.) A.Jaeg. –
common, on stem bases, soil and logs, 1,200–
1,600 m. Colls. V. Linis, K.-T. Yong.
Isopterygium bancanum (Sande Lac.) A.Jaeg. –
on dead log, ca 1,000 m. Coll. B.-C. Ho.
Pseudotaxiphyllum pohliaecarpum (Sull. &
Lesq.) Z.Iwats. – common, on soil, 1,200–
1,400 m. Colls. B.-C. Ho, V. Linis, K.-T.
Yong. The purplish color of the population is
both attractive and characteristic.
Trachythecium micropyxis (Broth.) E.B.Bartram
– on rock, ca 1,000 m. Coll. V. Linis. The
strongly mammillose exothecial cells of the
capsule help in the correct identification.
Vesicularia dubyana (Muell.Hal.) Broth. – on soil
and rotten logs, ca 800–1,000 m. Coll. B.C.
Tan.
Vesicularia montagnei (Bél.) Broth. – on rocks in
stream along Loop Trail. Coll. V. Linis.
Vesicularia reticulata (Dozy & Molk.) Broth. on wood, rocks and root stumps in wet
places, ca 1,000 m. Coll. B.-C. Ho, L.
[VOL.12
Damanyanti. A small population was found
growing on an abandoned rubber slipper
submerged in a stream along the Loop Trail.
HYPNODENDRACEAE
Hypnodendron dendroides (Brid.) Touw – on
logs and root stumps in forest, 1,000–1,400
m. Colls. B.-C. Ho, V. Linis, K.-T. Yong.
Hypnodendron diversifolium Broth. & Geh. – on
forest floor along the trail to summit of Gn
Kendeng. Coll. B.-C. Ho.
Hypnodendron milnei Mitt. ssp. korthalsii (Paris)
Touw – common on forest floor at higher
elevations from 1,000–1,500 m along the trail
to summit of Gn Kendeng, and on shaded wet
rocks along Loop Trail. Colls. B.-C. Ho, V.
Linis.
Hypnodendron reinwardtii (Schwaegr.) Lindb. ex
A.Jaeg. – on tree bases, from 980–1,600.
Colls. V. Linis, K.-T. Yong.
HYPOPTERYGIACEAE
Dendrocyathophorum
decolyi
(Broth.
ex
M.Fleisch.) Kruijer [syn. D. paradoxum
(Broth.) Dixon] – on tree trunks and rocks, ca
1,000 m. Colls. B.-C. Ho, V. Linis. This is an
uncommon species in Malesia, but
surprisingly rather common in some places in
the two study sites on Gn Halimun.
Lopidium struthiopteris (Brid.) M.Fleisch. [syn.
L. trichocladon (Bosch & Sande Lac.)
M.Fleisch.] – locally very common, on tree
trunks, 1,000–1,500 m. Colls. B.-C. Ho, V.
Linis, K.-T. Yong.
LEUCOBRYACEAE
Leucobryum aduncum Dozy & Molk. – on tree
trunks, soil and logs. Colls. B.-C. Ho, M.
Massora.
Leucobryum aduncum var. scalare (Muell.Hal. ex
M.Fleisch.) A.Eddy – on root stumps. Coll. V.
Linis.
Leucobryum aduncum var. teysmannianum (Dozy
& Molk.) T.Yamaguchi [syn. L. pentastichum
Dozy & Molk.] – rather common locally, on
tree trunks and logs at higher evelvation.
Colls. B.-C. Ho, S. Lee, V. Linis, M. Massora.
The clearly five spiral rows of leaves is
distinctive for this variety.
2006]
TAN et.al.: Mosses of Gunung Halimun National Park, West Java, Indonesia
Leucobryum arfakianum Muell.Hal. ex Geh. – on
tree trunks and soil. Colls. V. Linis, M.
Massora.
Leucobryum chlorophyllosum Muell.Hal. – on
log, soil and root stump. Colls. B.-C. Ho, V.
Linis, M. Massora. This has the smallest
plant size among species of Leucobryum.
Leucobryum javense (Brid. ex Schwaegr.) Mitt. –
common, on tree trunks, boulders and soil.
Colls. B.-C. Ho, V. Linis, M. Massora. This
species is the biggest in Leucobryum.
Leucobryum juniperoideum (Brid.) Muell.Hal. –
on tree trunk. Coll. M. Massora.
Leucobryum cf. sericeum Broth. ex Geh. – on
soil. Coll. M. Massora.
Leucophanes angustifolium Renauld & Cardot. –
common, locally abundant, on tree trunks,
logs and soil, from 1,000–1,500 m. Colls. B.C. Ho, V. Linis.
Octoblepharum albidum Hedw. - on tree trunks
near tea plantation. Coll. V. Linis.
Schistomitrium nieuwenhuisii M.Fleisch. – on
decaying log. Coll. M. Massora.
LEUCOMIACEAE
Leucomium strumosum (Hornsch.) Mitt. [syn. L.
aneurodictyon (Muell.Hal.) A.Jaeg.] – on soil
in shaded bank along the Loop Trail, ca 1,000
m. Coll. B.C. Tan. The narrowly lanceolate
to lanceolate and acuminate leaves, coupled
with large and broadly fusiform leaf cells,
and the absence of leaf costa, identify easily
this species.
METEORIACEAE
Aerobryidium filamentosum (Hook.) M.Fleisch. –
common, on trunks and branches inside
forest, from 800–1,000 m. Colls. B.-C. Ho,
V. Linis, B.C. Tan.
Barbella flagellifera (Cardot) Nog. – on palm tree
trunks and branches inside forest, from 600
to1,600 m near summit of Gn Kendeng.
Colls. B.-C. Ho, V. Linis, Ipah Nurhasanah.
Barbella pendula (Sull.) M. Fleisch. [syn. B.
elongata R.S.Williams] – on branches and
twigs in forest, from 800–1,050 m. Colls. B.C. Ho, V. Linis, Ipah Nurhasanah.
Floribundaria floribunda (Dozy & Molk.)
M.Fleisch. – on branches, from 1,000–1,200
m. Colls. B.-C. Ho, Ipah Nurhasanah.
Meteorium polytrichum Dozy & Molk. [syn. M.
miquelianum (Muell.Hal.) M.Fleisch.] – on
211
branches and tree trunk, from 600–1,200 m.
Colls. B.-C. Ho, Ipah Nurhasanah.
Meteorium subpolytrichum (Besch.) Broth. – on
branches in forest, from 800–1,100 m. Also
in Citalahab tea plantation. Colls. B.-C. Ho,
V. Linis, Ipah Nurhasanah.
Papillaria fuscescens (Hook.) A.Jaeg. – on
branches in forest, from 800–1,000 m. Colls.
V. Linis, Ipah Nurhasanah.
NECKERACEAE
Himantocladium plumula (Nees) M.Fleisch. – on
tree trunk, ca 1,100 m. Coll. V. Linis.
Homaliodendron exiguum (Bosch & Sande Lac.)
M.Fleisch. – rather common on tree trunks
and rocks along Loop Trail, ca 1,000–
1,200m. Colls. B.-C. Ho, V. Linis.
Homaliodendron flabellatum (Sm.) M.Fleisch. –
very common, on tree trunks, root stumps and
decayed logs, from 1,000–1,400 m. Colls. B.C. Ho, V. Linis, K.-T. Yong.
Pinnatella ambigua (Bosch & Sande Lac.)
M.Fleisch. – on tree trunk in forest, ca 1,100
m. Coll. V. Linis.
Pinnatella mucronata (Bosch & Sande Lac.)
M.Fleisch. – on tree trunk in forest, ca 1,000
m. Colls. B.-C. Ho, V. Linis.
ORTHOTRICHACEAE
Macromitrium blumei Nees ex. Schwaegr. – rather
common, on tree trunks, branches and logs,
from 1,200 m to near summit of Gn Kendeng.
Colls. B.-C. Ho, V. Linis, K.-T. Yong.
Macromitrium fuscescens Schwaegr. [syn. M.
miquelii Mitt. ex Bosch & Sande Lac.] – on
stem, ca 1,000 m, near tea plantation. Coll.
B.-C. Ho.
POLYTRICHACEAE
Pogonatum camusii (Thér.) Touw [syn.
Racelopodopsis subcostata Dixon & Herzog]
– rare, on rocks and soil, ca 1,600 m. Colls.
B.-C. Ho, S. Lee, V. Linis.
Pogonatum cirratum (Sw.) Brid. – on soil in shaded
bank, trail to Gn Kendeng. Coll. B.-C. Ho
Pogonatum macrophyllum Dozy & Molk. [syn.
Pogonatum cirratum (Sw.) Brid. ssp.
macrophyllum (Dozy & Molk.) Hyvönen] –
very common, on soil and rocks in deep
shade along trail banks, 900–1,350 m. Colls.
B.-C. Ho, V. Linis.
212
REINWARDTIA
Pogonatum neesii (Muell.Hal.) Dozy – on soil in
open sites and disturbed road sides, 900–
1,100 m. Colls. B.-C. Ho, S. Lee, V. Linis, K.T. Yong.
Pogonatum rutteri (Thér. ex Dixon) Dixon [syn.
Pseudoracelopus rutteri (Thér. ex Dixon) A.
Eddy] – rare, on shaded soil, ca 900–1,050 m.
Colls. B.-C. Ho, V. Linis, K.-T. Yong. The
leaf appearance of this species is not
Pogonatum-like owing to the absence of
lamellae on the ventral side of the leaf.
POTTIACEAE
Barbula indica (Hook.) Spreng. – common on
soil in tea plantation. Coll. B.-C. Ho.
Barbula javanica Dozy & Molk. – on roots near
creek, ca 1,000 m. Coll. V. Linis.
Hyophila involuta (Hook.) Jaeg.- common on
cement walls in Citalahab village, ca 900 m.
Coll. V. Linis.
PTEROBRYACEAE
Garovaglia elegans (Dozy & Molk.) Hampe ex
Bosch & Sande Lac. [syn. Endotrichella
pilifera Broth.] – on fallen branches and tree
trunks inside forest and also on trees in open
sites near tea plantation and Cikaniki Station,
700–1,000 m, Colls. B.-C. Ho, V. Linis, K.-T.
Yong.
Pterobryopsis crassicaulis (Muell.Hal.) M. Fleisch.
– common at higher elevation, on tree trunks
and decayed logs, 1,000–1,600 m. Colls. B.C. Ho, V. Linis, K.-T. Yong.
Symphysodon neckeroides Dozy & Molk. –
common, on tree trunks, inside forest, 900–
1,000 m. Colls. V. Linis, K.-T. Yong.
Symphysodontella attenuatula M.Fleisch. – on
tree trunks, 1,000–1,600 m. Colls. B.-C. Ho,
S. Lee, V. Linis, K.-T. Yong.
Symphysodontella cylindracea (Mont.) M.Fleisch.
– on tree trunk, 1,000–1,500 m. Colls. B.-C.
Ho, V. Linis, K.-T. Yong.
Trachyloma indicum Mitt. – very common, on
tree trunks, 900–1,600 m. Colls. B.-C. Ho, V.
Linis, K.-T. Yong.
RACOPILACEAE
Racopilum spectabile Reinw. & Hornsch. – on
rock, ca 1,000 m. Coll. B.-C. Ho.
[VOL.12
Racopilum spectabile var. subisophyllum Herzog
[syn. Racopilum johannis-winkleri Broth.] –
on rock by the stream along the Loop Trail,
ca 1,000 m. Colls. B.-C. Ho, V. Linis. The
distal leaves on stem and branches of this
species are not arranged in three ranks.
RHIZOGONIACEAE
Pyrrhobryum spiniforme (Hedw.) Mitt. –
common, on tree trunks, plants becoming
bigger at higher elevations, 1,000–1,400 m.
Colls. B.-C. Ho, V. Linis, K.-T. Yong.
SEMATOPHYLLACEAE
Acanthorrhynchium papillatum (Harv.) M. Fleisch.
– on tree trunk, ca 1,250 m. Coll. V. Linis.
Acroporium adspersum (Hampe) Broth. – on
trunks and branches, ca 1,000 m. Colls. S.
Lee, V. Linis.
Acroporium convolutum (Bosch & Sande Lac.)
M.Fleisch. var. elatum (Dixon) B.C.Tan –
on tree trunks, rotten wood and root stumps,
ca 900–1,400 m. Colls. B.-C. Ho, V. Linis.
Acroporium diminutum (Brid.) M.Fleisch. –
common, on branches, small stems and logs,
1,200–1,600 m. Colls. V. Linis, B.C. Tan.
Acroporium johannis-winkleri Broth. – common,
on logs, root stumps and trunk bases, ca
1,200–1,400 m. Colls. B.-C. Ho, V. Linis.
Acroporium lamprophyllum Mitt. – common, on
fallen trunks, logs and branches, 1,000–1,400
m. Colls. B.-C. Ho, V. Linis.
Acroporium longicaule (Sande Lac.) M. Fleisch.
– locally common, hanging from branches or
on tree trunks, 1,400–1,600 m. Colls. B.-C.
Ho, V. Linis, K.-T. Yong.
This is an
uncommon Malesian species, but locally
quite abundant on tree trunks and branches. .
Acroporium rigens (Dixon) Dixon – on tree
trunks and branches, ca 1,500–1,600 m.
Colls. S. Lee, V. Linis, K.-T. Yong.
Acroporium secundum (Reinw. & Hornsch.)
M.Fleisch. – on dead branches, ca 1,000 m.
Coll. V. Linis.
Acroporium stramineum (Reinw. & Hornsch.)
M.Fleisch. – common, on trunks and
branches in forest, also on shaded stems in tea
plantation, 900–1,600 m. Colls. B.-C. Ho, V.
Linis, K.-T. Yong.
Acroporium stramineum var. turgidum (Mitt.)
B.C.Tan – on wet, shaded slope. Coll. V. Linis.
2006]
TAN et.al.: Mosses of Gunung Halimun National Park, West Java, Indonesia
Acroporium strepsiphyllum (Mont.) B.C.Tan in
Touw – rather common, on logs, branches
and root stumps, 1,200–1,650 m. Colls. B.-C.
Ho, V. Linis.
Brotherella falcata (Dozy & Molk.) M.Fleisch. –
rare, on tree trunk, ca 1,600. Coll. Nina R.
Djuita. The broadly lanceolate, concave
leaves, with short acuminate and toothed
apex, are quite similar to the temperate
Asiatic species, B. henonii (Duby) M.Fleisch.
But the latter does not develop a pendant
habit as in B. falcate (see Tan and Jia 1999).
Clastobryum cuculligerum (Sande Lac.) Tixier –
on fallen branches, ca 1,000–1,200 m. Colls.
K.-T. Yong, B.C. Tan.
Clastobryum epiphyllum (Renauld & Cardot) B.C.
Tan & Touw [syn. C. papillosum R.S.Williams]
– on wood, ca 1,000 m. Coll. K.-T. Yong.
Clastobryum indicum (Dozy & Molk.) Dozy &
Molk. – on tree trunks in forest, ca 1,200 m,
trail to Gn Kendeng. Coll. V. Linis. The
confusion between this species and C.
conspicuum M.Fleisch. had been clarified by
Tan and Iwatsuki (1992). The Gn Halimun
specimen of this species looks just like the
illustration of this species published in
Fleischer (1904–1923), especially the
drawing of its somewhat long seta with erect
capsule and recurved outer peristome teeth
(when dry). But the leaves of the specimens
from Gn Halimun are mostly oblonglanceolate.
Isocladiella surcularis (Dixon) B.C.Tan &
Mohamed – common on small stems in
forest, 1,100–1,600 m. Colls. B.C. Ho, V.
Linis, B.C. Tan.
The numerous long,
flagellate branches found near or at the tip of
branches are characteristic.
Meiothecium hamatum (Muell.Hal.) Broth. – on
fallen branch, ca 1,000 m. Coll. K.-T. Yong.
The hamate leaf tips of this species are
characteristic.
Meiothecium microcarpum (Hook.) Mitt. – on
coconut tree trunk in Citalahab village and
the tea plantation. Coll. B.C. Tan. The single,
whitish and papillose peristome teeth identify
the species easily in the field.
Papillidiopsis stissophylla (Hampe & Muell.Hal.)
B.C.Tan & Y.Jia [syn. Trichosteleum
stissophyllum (Hampe & Muell.Hal.) A.Jaeg.]
– on rock in wet place, ca 1,000 m. Coll. B.C. Ho.
Radulina elegantissima (M.Fleisch.) W.R.Buck &
B.C.Tan [syn. Trichosteleum elegantissimum
M.Fleisch.] – on decaying log, trail margin,
ca 1,000 m. Coll. B.C. Tan. This species has
213
not been interpreted as a distinct species by
many people. The distinction between this
and R. hamata is well outlined by Fleischer
(1904–1923). In our observation, the slender
plant habit, about half the size of R. hamata,
is a distinctive character for identifying R.
elegantissima.
Radulina hamata (Dozy & Molk.) W.R.Buck &
B.C.Tan – common, on log, root stump and
tree base, 1,000–1,200 m. Colls. B.-C. Ho, V.
Linis, B.C. Tan, K.-T. Yong.
Sematophyllum subpinnatum (Brid.) E.Britton
var. tristiculum (Mitt.) B.C.Tan & Y.Jia –
common, on palm trunks in village, 700–900
m. Colls. B.-C. Ho, S. Lee, V. Linis, K.-T.
Yong. Pancho (1979) also reported this moss
from trunks and leaves of tea plans in Central
Java.
Taxithelium instratum (Brid.) Broth. in Renauld
& Cardot – on log and trunk of tree fern, ca
1,000–1,500 m. Coll. V. Linis.
Taxithelium lindbergii (A.Jaeg.) Renauld &
Cardot – on logs, branches and tree trunks, ca
1,100–1,600 m. Colls. B.-C. Ho, V. Linis, K.T. Yong.
Taxithelium magnum M.Fleisch. – on branches,
ca 1,250 m. Coll. B.C. Tan, K.-T. Yong. This
species is close to T. lindbergii, but differs in
being larger plant, with more or less erectspreading (not falcate) leaves, and a series of
weakly developed papillae on cell lumen. Its
type locality is on Gn Gedeh.
Taxithelium nepalense (Schwaegr.) Broth. - on
lianas, logs and branches, ca 1,000–1,200 m.
Colls. S. Lee, V. Linis.
Trichosteleum boschii (Dozy & Molk.) A.Jaeg. –
on log and tree root, ca 1,000 m. Colls. S.
Lee, V. Linis, K.-T. Yong.
Trichosteleum stigmosum Mitt. – on log, ca 1,000
m. Coll. B.-C. Ho, L. Damanyanti. A small
population of this species was found growing
on an abandoned rubber slipper submerged in
a stream along the Loop Trail.
Trismegistia calderensis (Sull.) Broth. – on root
stumps and logs, ca 1,400–1,600 m. Colls. B.C. Ho, V. Linis, K.-T. Yong.
Trismegistia rigida (Reinw. & Hornsch.)Broth. –
common, on root stumps, tree trunks, logs
and soil, ca 900–1550 m. Colls. B.-C. Ho, V.
Linis, K.-T. Yong.
THAMNOBRYACEAE
Thamnobryum ellipticum (Bosch & Sande Lac.)
Nog. & Z.Iwats. – locally common, forming
214
REINWARDTIA
large populations on wet boulders by the
stream along Loop Trail, ca 1,000 m. Colls.
B.-C. Ho, V. Linis, B.C. Tan. The wiry stem
and branches with unicostate leaves are
characteristic. The wet habitat also helps in
its identification.
THUIDIACEAE
Claopodium assurgens (Sull. & Lesq.) Cardot –
on tree trunk, ca 1,000 m. Coll. B.-C. Ho.
Pelekium versicolor (Muell. Hal.) Touw – on
decayed log, ca 1,200. Coll. B.-C. Ho.
Thuidium cymbifolium (Dozy & Molk.) Dozy &
Molk. – on rocks, logs, stream bank and
forest soil, from 1,000–1,200 m. Colls. B.-C.
Ho, V. Linis, K.-T. Yong.
Thuidium pristocalyx (Muell.Hal.) A.Jaeg. – on
logs and tree bases, from 1,000–1,200 m.
Colls. V. Linis, Ipah Nurhasanah., B.C. Tan,
K.-T. Yong.
TRACHYPODACEAE
Trachypus humilis Lindb. – on tree trunk, ca
1,000 m. Coll. V. Linis.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We are grateful to the BIOTROP office and staff
in Bogor, especially to Dr. Sri S. Tjitrosoedirdjo and
Mr. Imam Mawardi, for organizing the field trip to Gn
Halimun National Park. Likewise, we are grateful to
the administration and officers of the station of Gn
Halimun National Park for the permission to conduct
the survey of moss diversity. We thank finally the
financial support given by the NUS Research Project
(#R-154-000-185-112) to the preparation of this
manuscript.
LITERATURE CITED
BARTRAM, E.B. 1939. Mosses of the Philippines.
Philipp. J. Sci. 68: 1-422.
[VOL.12
CRUM, H.A. 1959. A small collection of West
Javanese mosses. Bryologist 62: 188-190.
DAMANHURI, A. & MOHAMED, M.A.H. 1986.
Two new species of Distichophyllum from
Malaya. J. Bryol. 14: 327-331.
DIXON, H.N. 1935. A contribution to the moss flora
of Borneo. J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 50: 57-140.
FLEISCHER, M. 1904-1923. Die Musci der Flora von
Buitenzorg. Vols. 1-4. Leiden.
HARADA, K. et al. 2003. Taman Nasional, Gunung
Halimun National Park. LIPI-BCP-JICA-PKA
Dephutbun, 55 pp.
JIA, Y. & WU, P.-C. 2004. Hypnobryales –
Sematophyllaceae, pp. 84-86. In: P.-C. Wu and Y.
Jia (eds.). Bryoflora of China, vol. 8.Science
Publisher, Beijing (Chinese edition).
LI, Z.-H. & IWATSUKI, Z. 2001. Fissidentaceae, pp.
3-67. In: Li X.-J. and M. Crosby (eds.). Moss
Flora of China (English version), vol. 2.
Fissidentaceae – Ptychomitriaceae. Science Press,
Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Gardens, St.
Louis.
MÖLLER, VON HJALMAR. 1919. Beiträge zur
Moosflora Javas, Straits Settlements und Birmas.
Hedwigia 60: 313-330.
NOGUCHI, A. 1994. Illustrated Moss Flora of Japan.
Part 5. Hattori Botanical Laboratory, Nichinan.
PANCHO, J.V. 1979. Some bryophytes in tea
plantations, Pagilaran, Central Java. BIOTROP
Bull. 11: 279-282.
REESE, W.D. & Lin, P.-J. 1991. A monograph of the
Calymperaceae of China. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 69:
323-372.
TAN, B.C. & IWATSUKI, Z. 1992. Lectotypification
of Clastobryum indicum and C. conspicuum.
Hikobia 11: 147-152.
TAN, B.C. & JIA, Y. 1999. A preliminary revision of
Chinese Sematophyllaceae. J. Hattori Bot. Lab.
86: 1-70.
TAN, B.C. & ROBINSON, H. 1990. A review of
Philippine
Hookeriaceous
taxa
(Musci).
Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 75: 1-41.
TRIONO, TEGUH et al. 2002. A guide to CikanikiCitalahab Looptrail, Gunung Halimun National
Park, West Java, Indonesia. LIPI-BCP-JICA-PKA
Dephutbun, 35 pp.
TIXIER, P. 1988. Le genre Glossadelphus Fleisch.
(Sematophyllaceae, Musci) et sa valeur.
NovaHedwigia 46: 319-356.