PPR ROO BBE ESS EEI TITE ENN F. Schumm & A. Aptroot A microscopical Atlas of some tropical Lichens from SE-Asia (Thailand, Cambodia, Philippines,Vietnam) VOLUME ONE F. Schumm & A. Aptroot A microscopical Atlas of some tropical Lichens from SE-Asia (Thailand, Cambodia, Philippines,Vietnam) VOLUME TWO CONTENTS VOLUME ONE Preface Some frequently used abbreviations Anisomeridium - Lobaria ................................1-455 VOLUME TWO Malmidea - Trypethelium............................. 456-862 Literatur........................................................ 863-874 Index to species and synonyms.................... 875-881 Preface We present here pictures of lichens from SE-Asian countries (Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Philippines, Indonesia). Some lichens described here comprises also species originating in other regions of the world but they are added here because we expect them to appear in Thailand as well. The authors have the intent to let the pictures speak for themselves and descriptions usually refer to non-visible details like chemistry. In case further details were required the authors suggest to consult the relevant literature which cares about those information a lot, however, mostly without illustration. The most time consuming has been to take pictures of stained sections. Nevertheless habitus pictures are presented too, but ususally in strong magnifications which can not be found elsewhere. The pictures are intended to serve as an additional guide and as a kind of a „foto-exsiccat“ for the workshop IAL7 2012 about „Tropical Lichens“ in Bangkok which was held by Dr. André Aptroot. Of course, the book must be used with additional textbooks and keys and shall not substitute but primarily accompany these. It must be mentioned that the tables are not made for lichen-beginners. It is required that the user is able to interpret the pictures and knows the terminology. There is no glossary et cetera, because such introductory chapters can be found in the standard literature anyway. The pictures show mostly thick (in order to be compared with handcuts) and thin microtome-sections of appx. 8-25 µm. They are presented unstained or/and stained with cotton blue or fuchsin acid as described e.g. in F. SCHUMM (2008): „Flechten Madeiras, der Kanaren und Azoren“. Sometimes the blue colour is the result of staining with IKI. It should be easy for the reader to decide. Most pictures have an exact scale bar, which can be used for further measurements. Generally species which have been shown already in our „Seychelles Lichen Guide“, a book which comprises also many asian species, are not repeated here. For example one can find many Sticta and Pseudocyphellaria species that book. In the internet the reader will find an general index of all species published so far in our various books under the URL http://archive-forlichenology.de The texts ends always with the number in the herbarium F. SCHUMM (promised to Berlin) and the exact location, where the specimen had been gathered. Mostly it is also stated who was finally responsible for deciding the name of the specimen. We are grateful especially to A. Archer (Graphidaceae), J.A. Elix (Parmeliaceae), K. Kalb (Graphis, Ocellularia, Malmidea), P.M. Jørgensen (Coccocarpia, Pannariaceae) and H. Sipman (various genera) for their generous support. Felix Schumm André Aptroot Some frequently used abbreviations: C: chloride of lime (calcium hypochlorite, Chlorkalk in German) in water or undiluted commercial bleach e.g. in Germany „Dan Klorix“ HCL: hydrochloric acid, 20% J, I, IKI: Lugol’s iodine solution (J=Jod in German !) K, KOH: potassium hydroxyde, 10-35 % in water (KOH= Kaliumhydroxid in German) KC: K followed by C K&J: K, washed with water then followed by J N: nitric acid 53% P, Pd: paraphenylendiamine in alcohol UV: UVK and also UVL UVK: ultra-violet light, 254 nm (Ultraviolett kurzwellig) UVL: ultra-violet light, 366 nm (Ultraviolett langwellig) TLC: thin-layer chromatography (DC = Dünnschicht Chromatogramm in German) (maj): major component (min) minor component (tr): component only in traces ±: more or less Brigantiaea tricolor (Mont.) Trevis. Thallus whitish grey to grey-green. Apothecia 0.4-2.0 mm wide, constricted at the base, disc orange to brown, yellow pruinose. Exciple biatorine without algae, with orange crystals. Hymenium slightly inspersed with small oil droplets, 120-150 µm thick. Ascospores muriform, hyaline, 1/ascus, 75-110 x 25-40 µm. Chemistry: Thallus K+ yellow, C-, P-; apothecial margin K+ blue, epihymenium K+ blue, pruina K+ purple; thallus: atranorin, zeorin; apothecia parietin, ligastroquinone, simonyellin (±). Lit. Hafellner (1997). [6490], Philippinen, Mindanao, Prov. Misamis Oriental, südwestlich Gingoog City, Barangay Lunutan, 08°42.510’ N, 125°01.241’ E, 1120 m und am Weg auf den Mt. Lumot (Via Haruhay Trail) bis zum Zwischencamp im trop. Bergregenwald, 08°40.713’ N, 125°01.649’ E, 1680 m. Leg. Schumm 24.08.1999, det. Schumm 1999, teste Aptroot 2009. 10 Brigantiaea tricolor 11 Brigantiaea tricolor 12 Fibrillithecis confusa Lücking, Kalb & Rivas Plata ISOTYPUS Thallus grey, with isidia. Isidia more or less erect. Apothecia erumpent to prominent, 0.7-1.3 mm wide, with a thick thaline margin and narrow, entire pore. Margin of excipulum terminating in long fibrils. Hymenium not inspersed. Ascospores submuriform, 8/ascus, 14-18(-24) x 8-10(-12) µm, mostly with 3 transversal septae, each segment 1-3 locular, J+ blue-violet. Chemistry: psoromic, subpsoromic and 2’-Odemethylpsoromic acids. Lit.: Lichenologist 42: 183 (2010) [17240], Brazil. São Paulo. Praia de Peruibe near Itanhaém, in a dense mangrove forest on Laguncularia racemosa, 2 m, 24°10' S, 46°50' W. Leg. K. Kalb 24.02.1978 (Nr. 37602), det. K. Kalb. Dupl. ex Herbario Klaus Kalb. 624 Fibrillithecis confusa 625 Fibrillithecis confusa 626 Fibrillithecis confusa 627 Fibrillithecis confusa 628 Index A Anisomeridium throwerae R.C.Harris................................................. 1 Anthracothecium duplicans (Nyl.) Müll.Arg................................... 735 Arthonia cinnabarina (DC.) Wallr........................................................ 3 Arthopyrenia majuscula (Nyl.) Zahlbr................................................. 7 Arthothelium achromaticum Makhija & Padwardhan....................... 11 B Bacidia hostheleoides (Nyl.) Zahlbr................................................... 13 Bacidia medialis (Tuck. ex Nyl.) de Lesd.......................................... 20 Baeomyces heteromorphus Nyl. ex C. Bab. & Mitt.......................... 26 Bombyliospora leprolyta (Nyl.) Zahlbr............................................ 394 Bomyliospora domingensis (Pers) Zahlbr........................................ 388 Brigantiaea leucoxantha (Sprengel) R.Sant. & Hafellner.................. 28 Brigantiaea tricolor (Mont.) Trevis.................................................... 31 Buellia dissimilis (Nyl.) Müll.Arg..................................................... 78 Bulbothrix goebelii (Zenker) Hale............................................... 34, 36 Bulbothrix isidiza (Nyl.) Hale...................................................... 38, 41 Bulbothrix meizospora (Nyl.) Hale.................................................... 45 Bulbothrix tabacina (Mont. & Bosch) Hale....................................... 43 Byssoloma discordans (Vain.) Zahlbr. var. flavescens Thor, Lücking & Matsumoto.................................................................................. 47 C Caloplaca subsquamosa (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr...................................... 53 Canoparmelia caroliniana (Nyl.) Elix & Hale.................................... 57 Carbacanthographis hertelii Kalb & Staiger...................................... 59 Chapsa alborosella (Nyl.) A.Frisch.................................................... 65 Chiodecton mucorinum Zahlbr.......................................................... 71 Chroodiscus alborosellus (Nyl.) Kalb................................................ 65 Cladia aggregata (Sw.) Nyl................................................................ 77 Coccocarpia endoferruginea (Räs.) Arvidsson................................... 86 Coccocarpia erythroxyli (Spreng.) Swinscow & Krog...................... 89 Coccocarpia glaucina Kremp............................................................. 83 Coccocarpia imbricascens Nyl........................................................... 93 Coccocarpia smaragdina Pers...................................................... 96, 99 Cratiria dissimilis (Nyl.) Marbach..................................................... 78 Cresponea proximata (Nyl.) Egea & Torrente................................. 103 D 59 Diorygma erythrellum (Mont. & Bosch) Kalb, Staiger & Elix 108, 117, 125 Diorygma hieroglyphicum (Pers.) Staiger & Kalb.......................... 130 Diorygma hololeuca (Mont.) Kalb, Staiger & Elix.......................... 135 Diorygma pruinosum (Eschw.) Kalb, Staiger & Elix...................... 142 Diorygma rufopruinosum (A.W.Archer) Kalb, Staiger & Elix........ 149 Dirinaria applanata (Fée) D.D.Awasthi............................................ 154 Dirinaria picta (Sw.) Clem. & Shear................................................ 156 Dirinaria picta (Sw.) Schaer. ex Clem.............................................. 161 Durietzia pallida (Hook.) Yoshim.................................................... 444 E Enterographa pallidella (Nyl.) Redinger.......................................... 162 Eugeniella sp. [7736]....................................................................... 166 Everniastrum cirrhatum (Fr.) Hale ex Sipman................................. 175 Everniastrum vexans (Zahlbr.) Hale ex Sipman.............................. 177 F Fibrillithecis confusa Lücking, Kalb & Rivas Plata......................... 179 Fissurina canlaonensis (Vain.) Staiger............................................. 319 Fissurina comparilis (Nyl.) Nyl....................................................... 184 G Glyphis scyphulifera (Ach.) Staiger................................................. 190 Graphina cleistoblephara (Nyl.) Zahlbr............................................ 200 Graphina dimorphodes (Nyl.) Zahlbr....................................... 693, 699 Graphina erythrellum (Mont. & Bosch) Zahlbr....................... 108, 117 Graphina hololeuca (Mont.) Müll.Arg............................................. 135 Graphina pallido-ochracea (Kremp.) Zahlbr.................................... 130 Graphina platyleuca (Nyl.) Zahlbr................................................... 142 Graphina streblocarpa (Bél.) Müll.Arg............................................ 254 Graphina subserpentina (Nyl.) Müll.Arg......................................... 275 Graphina tenuirima Shirley.............................................................. 282 Graphina vestita M. Nakan., Kashiw. & Moon................................ 242 Graphis albissima Müll.Arg............................................................. 225 Graphis canlaonensis Vain............................................................... 319 Graphis cincta (Pers.) Aptroot.......................................................... 195 Graphis cleistoblephara Nyl............................................................. 200 Graphis comparilis Nyl.................................................................... 184 Graphis consimilis Vain................................................................... 204 Graphis copelandii Vain................................................................... 209 Graphis crassilabra Müll.Arg................................................... 213, 217 Graphis diplocheila Vain.................................................................. 221 Graphis furcata Fée.......................................................................... 225 60 Graphis immersella Müll.Arg.......................................................... 230 Graphis librata C.Knight.................................................................. 233 Graphis phaeospora Vain.................................................................. 237 Graphis rongklaensis Sutjaritturakan............................................... 242 Graphis rustica Kremp..................................................................... 249 Graphis streblocarpa (Bél.) Nyl....................................................... 254 Graphis subassimilis Müll.Arg......................................................... 258 Graphis subdisserpens Nyl............................................................... 262 Graphis subflexibilis Lücking & Chaves......................................... 270 Graphis subserpentina Nyl............................................................... 275 Graphis supracola A.W.Archer......................................................... 278 Graphis tenuirima (Shirley) A.W.Archer......................................... 282 Graphis tenuissima Fée.................................................................... 287 H Haematomma africanum (Steiner) C.W.Dodge............................... 292 Haematomma collatum (Stirt.) C.W.Dodge............................. 294, 295 Haematomma nemetzii J.Steiner...................................................... 300 Haematomma persoonii (Fée) A.Massal.................. 302, 304, 306, 308 Haematomma rufidulum (Fée) A.Massal......................................... 311 Haematomma sulphureum (Müll.Arg.) Kalb & Staiger................... 313 Haematomma wattii (Stirt.) Zahlbr.................................................. 316 Hemithecium canlaonensis (Vain.) A.W.Archer.............................. 319 Heterodermia palpebrata (Taylor) Trass........................................... 327 Heterodermia paradoxa Schumm & Schäfer-Verwimp.................... 332 Heterodermia propagulifera (Vain.) Dey.......................................... 335 Hyperphyscia adglutinata (Flörke) H.Mayrhofer & Poelt............... 340 Hypotrachyna corneola Kurok. & K.H.Moon.................................. 345 Hypotrachyna exsecta (Taylor) Hale................................................ 346 Hypotrachyna imbricatula (Zahlbr.) Hale........................................ 348 Hypotrachyna neodigitata Kurok. & K.H.Moon.............................. 350 Hypotrachyna orientalis (Hale) Hale............................................... 352 Hypotrachyna physcioides (Nyl.) Hale............................................ 354 Hypotrachyna reducens (Nyl.) Hale................................................. 356 L Laurera megasperma (Mont.) Riddle............................................... 358 Laurera subbenguelensis Upreti & A.Singh..................................... 363 Lecanora helva Stitzenb................................................................... 373 Lecanora leprosa Fée....................................................................... 376 Lecidea sorsogona Vain.................................................................... 481 Lecidea subaurigera Vain................................................................. 491 Lecidea turbinea Vain....................................................................... 380 61 Letrouitia domingensis (Pers.) Hafellner & Bellem........................ 388 Letrouitia leprolyta (Nyl.) Hafellner................................................ 394 Leucodecton compunctellum (Nyl.) A.Frisch.......................... 399, 401 Leucodecton fissurinum (Hale) A.Frisch......................................... 405 Leucodecton glaucescens (Nyl.) A.Frisch........................................ 411 Lobaria crassior Vain........................................................................ 415 Lobaria discolor (Bory in Del.) Hue................................................ 418 Lobaria endochroma Sipman........................................................... 420 Lobaria isidiophora Yoshim............................................................. 428 Lobaria isidiosa (Müll.Arg.) Vain.................................................... 435 Lobaria meridionalis Vain................................................................ 441 Lobaria pallida (Hook. in Kunth) Trevis.......................................... 444 Lobaria peltigera (Delile) Vain......................................................... 451 Lobaria pseudopulmonaria Gyeln.................................................... 453 M Malcolmiella aurigera (Fée) Aptroot................................................ 491 Malcolmiella subgranifera Kalb & Elix........................................... 496 Malmidea bakeri (Vain.) Kalb, Rivas Plata & Lumbsch.................. 455 Malmidea ceylanica (Zahlbr.) Kalb, Rivas Plata & Lumbsch.......... 460 Malmidea chrysostigma (Vain.) Kalb, Rivas Plata & Lumbsch...... 466 Malmidea corallophora Aptroot & Schumm sp. nov....................... 473 Malmidea sorsogona (Vain.) Kalb, Rivas Plata & Lumbsch... 481, 490 Malmidea subaurigera (Vain.) Kalb, Rivas, Plata & Lumbsch........ 491 Malmidea subgranifera (Kalb & Elix) Kalb & Elix......................... 496 Malmidea tratiana Kalb & Mongkolsuk.......................................... 503 Megalospora atrorubicans (Nyl.) Zahlbr.......................................... 507 Megalospora coccodes (Bel.) Sipman.............................................. 511 Megalospora halei Sipman............................................................... 513 Megalospora tuberculosa (Fée) Sipman........................................... 519 Menegazzia malesiana Elix, Bawingan & Schumm........................ 534 Menegazzia subsimilis (H.Magn.) R.Sant........................................ 534 Monoblastia pellucida Aptroot......................................................... 538 Myelochroa aurulenta (Tuck.) Elix & Hale..................................... 544 Myriotrema desquamans (Müll.Arg.) Hale...................................... 547 Myriotrema glaucescens (Nyl.) Hale............................................... 411 Myriotrema glaucophaenum (Kremp.) Hale.................................... 553 Myriotrema microstomum (Müll.Arg.) Hale................................... 559 Myriotrema rugiferum (Harm.) Hale............................................... 565 Myriotrema subcostaricense Sipman............................................... 553 O 62 Ocellularia alborosella (Nyl.) Santesson............................................ 65 Ocellularia ascidioidea Hale............................................................ 572 Ocellularia defossa Müll.Arg........................................................... 857 Ocellularia marivelensis (Vain.) Hale.............................................. 577 Ocellularia neopertusariiformis Hale............................................... 582 Ocellularia nylanderiana Hale.................................................. 586, 591 Ocellularia pertusariiformis (Leighton) Zahlbr................................ 598 Ocellularia protomegaspora Aptroot & Schumm sp. nov................ 605 Ocellularia punctulata (Leighton) Zahlbr......................................... 613 P Parmelia wallichiana Taylor............................................................. 619 Parmelina wallichiana (Taylor) Hale................................................ 619 Parmelinella wallichiana (Taylor) Elix & Hale................................ 619 Parmotrema cooperi (J.Steiner & Zahlbr.) Sérus............................. 621 Parmotrema corniculans (Nyl.) Hale........................................ 624, 645 Parmotrema cristiferum (Taylor) Hale..................................... 626, 629 Parmotrema dilatatum (Vain.) Hale.................................................. 631 Parmotrema gardneri (C.W.Dodge) Sérus........................................ 634 Parmotrema hypoleucinum (Steiner) Hale............................... 636, 637 Parmotrema hypotropum (Nyl.) Hale.............................................. 637 Parmotrema latissimum (Fée) Hale.................................................. 640 Parmotrema mellissii (C.W.Dodge) Hale......................................... 642 Parmotrema merrillii (Vain.) Hale.................................................... 645 Parmotrema negrosorientalum Elix & Schumm.............................. 647 Parmotrema perforatum (Jaqu.) A.Massal....................................... 651 Parmotrema permutatum (Stirt.) Hale.............................................. 653 Parmotrema planatilobatum (Hale) Hale......................................... 656 Parmotrema praesorediosum (Nyl.) Hale......................................... 658 Parmotrema pseudonilgherrense (Asahina) Hale............................. 661 Parmotrema rampoddense (Nyl.) Hale............................................. 663 Parmotrema rigidum (Lynge) Hale.................................................. 666 Parmotrema saccatilobum (Taylor) Hale.......................................... 668 Parmotrema sancti-angelii (Lynge) Hale......................................... 671 Parmotrema stuppeum (Taylor) Hale............................................... 673 Parmotrema tinctorum (Despr. ex Nyl.) Hale.................................. 678 Parmotrema tinctorum (Nyl.) Hale.................................................. 675 Parmotrema xanthinum (Müll. Arg.) Hale....................................... 680 Pertusaria montpittensis A.W.Archer............................................... 682 Phaeophyscia primaria (Poelt) Trass................................................ 685 Phyllopeltula corticola (Büdel & R.Sant.) Kalb....................... 689, 692 Physcia hispidula ssp. primaria Poelt............................................... 685 63 Platythecium dimorphodes (Nyl.) Staiger................................ 693, 699 Porina borreri (Trevis) D.Hawksworth & P.James........................... 708 Porina internigrans (Nyl.) Müll.Arg................................................. 714 Porina tetracerae (Ach.) Müll.Arg................................................... 718 Pyrenula anomala (Ach.) Vain......................................................... 723 Pyrenula aspistea (Afzel.) Ach......................................................... 727 Pyrenula astroidea (Fée) R.C.Harris................................................ 730 Pyrenula bahiana Malme.................................................................. 733 Pyrenula citriformis R.C.Harris....................................................... 741 Pyrenula duplicans (Nyl.) Aptroot................................................... 735 Pyrenula endocrocea Aptroot........................................................... 738 Pyrenula fetivica (Krempelh.) Müll.Arg.......................................... 741 Pyrenula hawaiiensis Aptroot........................................................... 743 Pyrenula luteopruinosa Etayo & Aptroot......................................... 747 Pyrenula macrocarpa A.Massal........................................................ 753 Pyrenula mamillana (Ach.) Trevis................................................... 750 Pyrenula mucosa (Vain.) R.C.Harris................................................ 756 Pyrenula nitidula (Bres.) R.C.Harris................................................ 757 Pyrenula quassiaecola (Fée) Fée...................................................... 760 Pyrenula rubrojavanica Aptroot....................................................... 762 Pyrenula subcongruens Müll.Arg..................................................... 741 Pyrenula thailandica Aptroot.................................................... 773, 777 Pyrenula thelemorpha Tuck............................................................. 783 Pyrrhospora russula (Ach.) Hafellner.............................................. 810 Pyxine berteriana (Fée) Imshaug..................................................... 787 Pyxine cocoes (Sw.) Nyl.................................................................. 798 Pyxine consocians Vain.................................................................... 807 Pyxine petricola Nyl......................................................................... 801 Pyxine retirugella Nyl...................................................................... 807 R Ramboldia russula (Ach.) Kalb........................................................ 810 Rinodina neglecta Aptroot............................................................... 817 S Sarcographa heteroclita (Mont.) Zahlbr........................................... 819 Stereocaulon graminosum Schaer.................................................... 823 Stereocaulon massartianum Hue...................................................... 827 Stereocaulon verruculigerum Hue.................................................... 839 Stirtonia rhizophorae Kalb & Mongkolsuk...................................... 842 T Teloschistes flavicans (Sw.) Norman............................................... 844 Thelotrema bicinctulum Nyl.................................................... 845, 850 64 Thelotrema defossum (Müll.Arg.) Mangold.................................... 857 Thelotrema glaucescens Nyl............................................................ 411 Thelotrema marivelense Vain........................................................... 577 Trypethelium tropicum (Ach.) Müll. Arg......................................... 859 65 Lichens are most diverse in the tropics, where they cover most trees. This book gives detailed illustrations and descriptions of c. 210 species which occur in East Asia. Most of the species are illustrated for the first time ever in colour. From each species, habitus pictures are presented, but also illustrations of microscopical details. In some cases where the species are variable in some characters, more than one specimen is fully illustrated. All illustrated specimens were found recently by the first author. New species in this book: Malmidea corallophora, Ocellularia protomegaspora CONTENTS VOLUME ONE Preface Some frequently used abbreviations Anisomeridium - Lobaria ................................1-455 VOLUME TWO Malmidea - Trypethelium............................. 456-862 Literatur........................................................ 863-874 Index to species and synonyms.................... 875-881 ISBN 978-3-8448-9258-1 published 2012