Hobbs et al.: Fishes of Christmas Island
RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY Supplement No. 30: 184–202
Date of publication: 25 December 2014
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:903DF20B-B9CC-4DC6-8F25-EC28D8BDA3CD
Checklist and new records of Christmas Island ishes: the inluence of
isolation, biogeography and habitat availability on species abundance
and community composition.
Jean-Paul A. Hobbs1*, Stephen J. Newman2, Gabby E.A. Mitsopoulos2, Michael J. Travers2, Craig L.
Skepper2, Justin J. Gilligan3, Gerald R. Allen4, Howard J. Choat5 & Anthony M. Ayling6
Abstract. Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) is an oceanic high island that is situated 300 km southwest of Java,
Indonesia. From 2010 to 2014, the ish community of Christmas Island was surveyed using underwater visual
surveys for shallow water (0–60 m) ishes, and line ishing (bottom ishing and trolling) for deepwater (60–300 m)
and pelagic ishes. Forty-seven new records (from 22 families) were identiied, thereby increasing the total number
of ishes described from Christmas Island to 681 (from 91 families). Notable new records include the irst records
for the families Alopiidae, Anomalopidae, Muraenesocidae, Tetrarogidae and Trichonotidae, and the irst reports
of Paciic Ocean species Plectranthias yamakawai, and Polylepion russelli in the Indian Ocean. The ten most
species-rich families accounted for 58% of the community and included: Labridae (13%), Pomacentridae (8%),
Epinephelidae (6%), Acanthuridae (5%), Chaetodontidae (5%), Muraenidae (5%), Gobiidae (5%), Blenniidae (4%),
Apogonidae (4%) and Scorpaenidae (3%). The majority (89%) of species inhabit shallow coral reefs, with deep
reefs (60–300 m) and pelagic waters only accounting for 7% and 2% of ish community. Approximately 76% of the
ishes are widespread Indo-Paciic species, 12% are Paciic Ocean species, 5% are circumtropical, 4% are Indian
Ocean species and approximately 1% are endemic. Abundance surveys revealed that endemic species, and species at
the edge of their geographic range, do not conform to terrestrial-based predictions of low abundance. The structure
and composition of the Christmas Island ish community is inluenced by three main factors. Firstly, the isolation
of the island means that ishes with poor dispersal abilities (e.g., syngnathids) are underrepresented. Secondly, the
biogeographic position of the island results in a unique mixing of Indian and Paciic Ocean species. Thirdly, the
lack of lagoonal habitats means that ishes that use these habitats (e.g., ophichthids, lethrinids, epinephelids) are
underrepresented or have low abundance.
Key words. colonisation, coral reef ish, dispersal, endemic, Indian Ocean
INTRODUCTION
natural values of Christmas Island (James, 2007; Beeton
et al., 2010). More recently, research in the surrounding
waters is beginning to reveal the uniqueness of the marine
biodiversity around the island (Brewer et al., 2009; Hobbs,
2014). Much of this marine biodiversity is concentrated in
the narrow fringe (20–100 m wide) of coral reef that clings
to the precipitous sides of the Island (Allen et al., 2007;
Gilligan et al., 2008; Brewer et al., 2009). For example, the
shallow waters contain only 34 km2 of reef habitat and this
supports over 600 species of ish (Allen et al., 2007; Allen,
2008; Hobbs et al., 2010a). Furthermore, Christmas Island
ranks seventh in the world for the number of endemic reef
ishes per area of reef habitat (Allen, 2008).
Christmas Island (10°30’S, 105°40’E) is an oceanic island
located approximately 300 km south of Java, Indonesia. Over
millions of years, the island’s fauna and lora has evolved in
isolation resulting in hundreds of endemic species (James,
2007). For more than 100 years, scientists have documented
the globally unique terrestrial biodiversity and outstanding
1
Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6845,
Australia; Email: jp.hobbs@curtin.edu.au (*corresponding author)
2
Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories, Department of
Fisheries, Government of Western Australia, P.O. Box 20, North Beach, WA 6920,
Australia
Most of the taxonomic groups in the marine environment at
Christmas Island have received little or no research (Hobbs
et al., 2014a); however, reef ishes have been relatively
well studied and provide a model group to test hypotheses
about the formation and structure of marine communities
on isolated islands. For example, does the ish community
at Christmas Island have a unique composition that is
determined by dispersal and colonisation abilities? Not
only is Christmas Island isolated, but it is also situated on a
biogeographic border between the Indian Ocean and Paciic
New South Wales Department of Primary Industries PO Box 341, Narooma, NSW
2546, Australia
3
Department of Aquatic Zoology, Western Australian Museum, 49 Kew St, Welshpool,
WA 6106, Australia
4
5
School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville QLD
4811, Australia
6
Sea Research, 20 Rattray Ave, Hydeaway Bay, QLD 4800, Australia
© National University of Singapore
ISSN 2345-7600 (electronic) | ISSN 0217-2445 (print)
184
RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014
Ocean bioregions. This border is analogous to Wallace’s
Line and Christmas Island represents the western edge of
the range for some Paciic Ocean species and the eastern
range edge for some Indian Ocean species (Hobbs et al.,
2012). In some instances, Indian and Paciic Ocean sister
species can co-occur (Hobbs & Salmond, 2008; Hobbs &
Allen, 2014). This provides a unique opportunity to test
whether species at their range edge have low abundance
(Brown, 1984) and whether the presence of a sister species
inluences abundance.
and has Christmas Island’s most sheltered waters and widest
reef lat (about 150 m).
The ish fauna of Christmas Island was surveyed during a
series of 14 trips from 2010 to 2014. The outer reef habitats
on all four sides (North, South, East and West) were surveyed
by snorkelling in the shallow waters (0–5 m) and SCUBA
diving in deeper waters (5–70 m). Due to the prevailing wind
and swell, more surveys were conducted on the northern and
western half of the Island. Pelagic and deepwater (60–300
m) ishes were captured using line-ishing methods (trolling
and bottom ishing) in collaboration with local anglers. In
addition, local divers and anglers provided photographs of
easily recognisable ish. Information about these ishes was
communicated to us by the diver or angler who took the
photograph. In some cases, photographs and/or specimens
were sent to the relevant taxonomic experts for independent
veriication of our identiication. The majority of the 575
species recorded previously by Allen (2000) have been
lodged with the Western Australian Museum. The majority
of new records reported in this current study could not be
lodged because of their rarity, desire by anglers to retain
the ish and/or the ish could only be photographed. In all
cases, species were only recorded on the checklist where
visual identiication was certain. The checklist also includes
species that have recently been reported in publications by
other researchers.
The majority of the 622 ish species (from 80 families) that
have been recorded to date at Christmas Island inhabit the
shallow (0–60 m) coral reefs (Allen et al., 2007; Hobbs et al.,
2010a). This includes four endemic species (Eviota natalis,
Pseudochromis viridis, Praealticus natalis, Aseraggodes
crypticus), two near endemic species (Centropyge joculator
also occurs at Cocos (Keeling) Islands, and Stegastes insularis
also occurs at Cocos (Keeling) and Marcus Island), and one
endemic colour morph or subspecies (Centropyge lavissima,
which also occurs at Cocos (Keeling) Islands) (Allen et al.,
2007). The study and collection of Christmas Island ishes
began with Andrews CW in 1897 and was built upon with
three small-scale studies over the following 60 years that
resulted in a total list of 127 species (reviewed in Allen,
2000). The majority of ishes recorded from Christmas Island
came through dedicated expeditions by Gerald Allen and
Roger Steene in 1978, 1986, 1987 and 2006, which raised
the number of species to 592 (Allen et al., 2007). Subsequent
descriptions of unidentiied specimens collected on these
trips, and reports by other researchers have added a further
12 species to the list (see Table 1). Lastly, Hobbs et al
(2010a) added 30 species based on ieldtrips between 2004
and 2008. The total number of ishes recorded at Christmas
Island stands at 634. Despite this history of expeditions, most
of the marine habitat at Christmas Island remains unsurveyed.
The abundance of reef fishes was determined through
underwater observations based on the number of individuals
seen per 60-minute dive (approximately survey area =
5000 m2), with the average abundance for each species
calculated from more than 40 dives around the Island. For
analyses, ishes were grouped into six abundance categories:
1 = common/abundant (average of more than 5 per dive);
2 = moderately common (average of 2–5 per dive); 3 =
uncommon (average of 0.5–2 per dive); 4 = occasionally
seen (about 1 individual seen every 2–5 dives); 5 = seldom
seen (about 1 individual seen every 5–10 dives); 6 = rare
(takes more than 10 dives to see 1 individual). Pelagic,
deepwater (>60 m depth) and highly cryptic species were
not included in the analysis because their abundance could
not be estimated accurately using underwater visual censuses.
The purpose of this study was to conduct an island-wide
survey of the ish fauna of Christmas Island to identify
new records, characterise the community composition and
determine patterns in abundance. More speciically, this
study aimed to determine: 1, if (and how) the composition
of the reef ish community at Christmas Island differs from
elsewhere; and 2, whether patterns of abundance are related
to the size and position of a species’ geographic range and
the presence of a sister species.
Fish were classiied following the taxonomy of Eschmeyer
(2014) with two exceptions. Following recent molecular
studies, the parrotishes are placed within the family Labridae
as scarine labrids (Westneat & Alfaro, 2005; Choat et al.,
2012) and we follow Smith & Craig (2007) and Craig et al.
(2011) in raising the subfamily Epinephelinae to the family
Epinephelidae. The geographic distribution and habitat use
of ishes were characterised following recognised sources
(Allen et al., 2007; Eschmeyer, 2014; Froese & Pauly, 2014).
Habitat use of ishes was broadly classed into ive categories:
1, shallow water – species that obtain their greatest abundance
on shallow water (<60 m) reefs and adjacent sand habitats;
2, deepwater – species that obtain their greatest abundance
on reefs deeper than 60 m; 3, pelagic; 4, intertidal; and 5,
freshwater and brackish. To determine if isolation affects
the composition of ish communities, the Christmas Island
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Christmas Island is a single high island with no lagoons
or sheltered embayments. The coastline around the island
is comprised of a limestone cliff shoreline, with a shallow
coral reef extending 20–100 m seaward towards the reef
dropoff, which usually begins at 15 m depth (Gilligan et
al., 2008). The reef then declines steeply to depths greater
than 4000 km. The island is exposed to south-easterly trade
winds and southerly swell for most the year. Consequently,
the southern coast is very exposed, the east and west coasts
have moderate exposure, and the north coast is somewhat
sheltered. Flying-ish Cove is situated on the north coast
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Hobbs et al.: Fishes of Christmas Island
community was compared to that of its nearest neighbours,
Indonesia (Allen & Adrim, 2003) and the Cocos (Keeling)
Islands (Allen & Smith-Vaniz, 1994; Hobbs et al., 2014b).
RESULTS
New records. Extensive surveys and sampling in Christmas
Island waters from 2010 to 2014 identiied 47 new records
(from 22 families). This increases the total number of
recorded species to 681 (from 91 families) (Table 1). The new
records came predominately from shallow (25 species) and
deepwater (20 species) reefs, with two pelagic species also
recorded. Notable new records include two sharks (Sphyrna
mokarran and Alopias pelagicus) and the irst records for
the families Alopiidae, Anomalopidae, Muraenesocidae,
Tetrarogidae and Trichonotidae. The number of lethrinids
recorded at Christmas Island has increased considerably
from four to nine species. Plectropomus laevis is the irst
record for its genus at Christmas Island. Notable range
extensions include Plectranthias yamakawai, which is
restricted to the western Paciic Ocean around southern
Japan, and Polylepion russelli, which is restricted to isolated
islands in the northern Paciic Ocean (e.g., Japan and the
Hawaiian Islands). The eastward range extension of the
Indian Ocean butterlyish Chaetodon triangulum now
means it is co-occurring with its Paciic Ocean sister species
C. baronessa at Christmas Island.
Fig. 1. The number of species in each abundance category for each
group of geographic distributions present at Christmas Island. The
abundance categories are the average number of ish seen per 60
minute, which is equivalent to an approximate survey area of 5000
m2. 1 = common/abundant (average of more than 5 per dive); 2
= moderately common (average of 2–5 per dive); 3 = uncommon
(average of 0.5–2 per dive); 4 = occasionally seen (average of
0.2–0.5 per dive); 5 = seldom seen (average of 0.1–0.2 per dive);
6 = rare (average <0.1 per dive).
have a circumtropical distribution, while between 0.6% and
1.6% (depending on the deinition of an endemic) of ishes
are geographically restricted to the island or region. The ish
communities at Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling)
Islands contain a similar proportion of species from different
geographic distributions (c2 = 10.12, d.f. = 5, P = 0.72).
Abundance. Abundances were estimated for 518 of
the 681 recorded species; with 40% of surveyed species
being classed as common or moderately common (Table
1). Families that had more than 50% of species classed as
common or moderately common include: Tripterygiidae
(100%) Pomacentridae (69%), Holocentridae (67%),
Balistidae (64%), Blenniidae (63%), Caesionidae (57%) and
Cirrhitidae (57%). Species at the edge of their geographic
range did not have lower abundances compared to widely
distributed species where Christmas Island lies in the
middle of their range (c2 = 20.16, d.f. = 15, P = 0.17; Fig.
1). This was evident by the proportion of Indian Ocean
(42%) and Paciic Ocean species (44%) that were common
and moderately common in abundance compared to that for
widespread Indo-Paciic species (39%) and circumtropical
species (13%). Surveys of co-occurring Indian and Paciic
Ocean species revealed that sister species has similar
abundances (Z(12) = 1.45, P = 0.15). Of the endemic and near
endemic species that were surveyed, all were common or
moderately common (n = 5).
The ten most species rich families account for 58% of the ish
community at Christmas Island and include (in descending
order): Labridae (13%), Pomacentridae (8%), Epinephelidae
(6%), Acanthuridae (5%), Chaetodontidae (5%), Muraenidae
(5%), Gobiidae (5%), Blenniidae (4%), Apogonidae (4%)
and Scorpaenidae (3%). Eight families are the same as the
top ten families in the Indonesian ish community, with
the difference being the presence of Acanthuridae and
Scorpaenidae, and the absence of Syngnathids (23rd) and
Lutjanidae (11th) from the Christmas Island top ten. The
only difference between the top ten families at Christmas
Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands is that the 10th
ranked family is Scorpaenidae at Christmas Island and it is
the Holocentridae at the Cocos (Keeling) Islands. Despite
the broad similarities in the ish communities at Christmas
Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, the two locations
only share 48% of species.
DISCUSSION
Community composition. Of the 681 ishes that have now
been recorded from Christmas Island, the majority (89%)
of species are found on the shallow coral reef habitat (0–60
m). Deep reefs (60–300 m) and pelagic waters only account
for 7% and 2% of the ishes recorded at Christmas Island.
Approximately 76% of the ishes at Christmas Island are
widespread Indo-Paciic species. Twelve percent of the
ish community is comprised of Paciic Ocean species that
are at the western edge of their range, while 4% of species
are Indian Ocean species at the eastern edge of their range.
Approximately 5% of the ishes recorded at Christmas Island
The 47 new records span 22 families and most originate
from shallow and deep water reefs. The total number of
ish species that have now been recorded from Christmas
Island stands at 681. Most species inhabit the thin veneer
of shallow water coral reef that surrounds the island. While
most ishes in the Christmas Island community have broad
Indo-Paciic distributions, there is a notable concentration of
endemic species given the limited availability of habitat (34
km2; Allen, 2008). There are a number of Paciic and Indian
Ocean species that are on the edge of their geographic ranges;
however, in contrast to terrestrial research (Brown, 1984),
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RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014
they do not have lower abundance at their range edge. A
total of 91 families are represented in the Christmas Island
ish community and the top ten species rich families are
similar to the top ten in the ish communities at its nearest
neighbours: Indonesia and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands.
Ecological theory from terrestrial systems also predicts that
endemics have low abundance due to the positive relationship
between geographic range size and abundance (Gaston,
1994). This pattern has been so consistently observed
across different terrestrial systems that it is labelled one
of the few laws in ecology (Lawton, 1999). However, the
endemic ishes surveyed at Christmas Island did not have
low abundance, but rather were among the most common
ishes observed. A similar pattern occurs for those endemics
that are also found at the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Hobbs et
al., 2010b, 2012). That endemic reef ishes do not have low
abundance has been reported from numerous locations and
may be because endemics cannot persist at low abundance
given the high recruitment variability that is characteristic
of reef ishes (Hobbs et al., 2011). Patterns in the abundance
of endemic reef ishes and species at their range edge do
not conform to terrestrial research indings, suggesting that
abundance may be determined differently in marine and
terrestrial ecosystems.
New records. New records of signiicance at Christmas Island
include Plectranthias yamakawai and Polylepion russelli,
which is the irst time either of these small range Paciic
Ocean species have been recorded in the Indian Ocean.
Their presence, along with existing species at Christmas
Island that have similar disjunct distributions (e.g., Stegastes
insularis and Centropyge lavissima), may be indicative
of relict populations of once widespread species affected
by the historical processes in the Indonesian archipelago
responsible for the evolution of Indian Ocean–Paciic Ocean
geminate sister species (Randall, 1998). The new records of
Indian Ocean species at Christmas Island (e.g., Chaetodon
triangulum) and their co-occurrence with Paciic Ocean sister
species increases the likelihood of hybridisation (Hobbs et
al., 2009; Hobbs & Allen, 2014).
Community composition. Christmas Island and the Cocos
(Keeling) Islands represent two isolated locations situated
between 10 and 13°S in the tropical north-east Indian Ocean
that support 681 and 602 ish species, respectively. Despite the
broad similarities in their location, overall species richness,
proportion of species from different biogeographic regions,
and composition of top ten families, the two locations only
have 48% of species in common. The difference in the ish
communities between the two locations probably relects
differences in isolation and habitat availability. Indonesia is
the closest landmass and it is approximately 300 km from
Christmas Island and 1000 km from the Cocos (Keeling)
Islands. Given the importance of dispersal for colonising
isolated locations, the greater isolation of the Cocos
(Keeling) Islands probably explains the low representation
of poor dispersers in the community: Syngnathidae,
Pseudochromidae, Nemipteridae, Opistognathidae and
Gobiidae (Hobbs et al., 2012).
In terms of species of isheries importance, the most notable
new records identiied in this study are those in the genera
Etelis, Lethrinus and Plectropomus. These genera contain
popular target species and, although only one individual
was observed, this is the irst time that any member of the
genus Plectropomus has been recorded at Christmas Island.
Over the last ive years, sampling through line ishing of
the deep reefs around Christmas Island has increased the
number of recorded Lethrinus species from zero to six and
the number of Etelis species from one to four. With the
exception of Plectropomus laevis, the new records of target
species come from the deep reefs (60–300 m). The near
vertical slope of these deepwater reefs limits the amount of
suitable habitat and hence stock size. In addition, the life
history characteristics of these species make them vulnerable
to overishing (Newman & Dunk, 2003; Andrews et al.,
2011; Williams et al., 2012).
Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands have
a similar amount and type of outer reef habitat; however,
the Cocos (Keeling) Islands also has a large lagoon with
extensive areas of sheltered patch reefs, seagrass meadows
and sand banks (Williams, 1994; Hobbs & McDonald,
2010). Differences in ish species composition between
the two locations probably relect the lack of lagoonal
habitats at Christmas Island. The families that differed the
most in species composition between the two locations
were: Ophichthidae (83% of species were different),
Epinephelidae (76%), Gobiidae (71%), Lethrinidae (67%)
and Apogonidae (66%). Members of the Ophichthidae
burrow in sheltered sandy areas and the lack of this habitat
on Christmas Island would affect the composition of this
family. Similarly, numerous species of gobies use sand and
rubble habitats (e.g., sand burrowing gobies) while many
apogonids prefer sheltered patch reefs (Gardiner & Jones,
2005). Several epinephelids and lethrinids use sheltered
lagoonal environments, particularly during their juvenile
life stage. Consequently, the mean densities of epinephelids
and lethrinids are many times greater in the Cocos (Keeling)
Abundance. Although ecological theory developed from
terrestrial systems predicts that species at the edge of their
geographic range should have low abundances (Brown,
1984), we found no evidence of this at Christmas Island.
Species at the edge of their range had similar abundances
to species in the middle of their range. It is not clear why
this is the case, but it may be related to the low likelihood of
populations being able to persist at isolated locations on the
range edge if they have low abundance. Co-occurring Indian
and Paciic Ocean sister species had similar abundances. This
is interesting because many of these sister species have been
observed cohabiting (Marie et al., 2007; Hobbs & Salmond,
2008) and using the same dietary and habitat resources
(Montanari et al., 2012, 2014), indicating that there is lack
of competitive dominance. Co-existence of species that use
the same resources and have the same competitive ability
is possible if the recruitment of each species luctuates
through space and time and recruits have an equal chance
of becoming established (lottery hypothesis: Chesson &
Warner, 1981).
187
Hobbs et al.: Fishes of Christmas Island
lagoon than at Christmas Island (Hender et al., 2001;
Gilligan et al., 2008). Communities on oceanic islands
are established through long distance dispersal; however,
successful colonisation also depends on the availability of
suitable habitat. Isolation is likely to be a major determinant
of the composition of the ish community at the Cocos
(Keeling) Islands, while at Christmas Island the lack of
lagoonal habitats is likely to exert a signiicant inluence on
community composition.
into account the number of species per area of habitat.
The concentration of species into a small area of habitat
means that small-scale impacts, either positive (e.g., marine
parks) or negative (e.g., oil spill, overishing), can have a
disproportionally large effect on Christmas Island's marine
biodiversity.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The ieldwork was funded by James Cook University, The
University of Western Australia and Envirofund. We thank
the staff of Parks Australia who provided excellent logistical
support, particularly Max Orchard, Azmi Yon and Eddly
Johari for their enthusiasm and support over many years
of ieldwork. We thank the Christmas Island community
for assisting our research especially T. Hamanaka, Mark
Rochfort (Shoreire), Christmas Island Divers and Wet ‘n’
Dry Adventures. We also thank Kendall Clements, Jay
Hender, Christian McDonald and Joseph Neilson for valuable
ield assistance. Thanks to Sue Morrison, Kent Carpenter
and Hiroyuki Motomura for assistance with identiication,
and Heok Hui Tan for commenting on the manuscript and
providing records of ishes found in cave habitats.
In addition to colonisation, communities on oceanic islands
are also comprised of endemics species that have evolved
in situ. Christmas Island emerged during the late Miocene
approximately 700 km south from its present location (Beeton
et al., 2010). This long history of isolation has facilitated the
evolution of a plethora of endemic terrestrial species that has
culminated in a globally unique terrestrial ecosystem. The
exact number of endemic reef ishes at Christmas Island is
unclear because some species are also found in one other
location (e.g., Centropyge joculator), others are isolated
relict populations that may become endemics, while others
have only recently been described and may occur elsewhere
(e.g., Bythitidae: Møller & Schwarzhans, 2008; Schwarzhans
& Møller, 2011; Schwarzhans & Nielsen, 2011). The total
number of endemic reef ishes is not that high at Christmas
Island; however, the island’s small amount of reef habitat
means that the number of endemics per area of reef is among
the highest in the world (Allen et al., 2008). Management
strategies to conserve the unique biodiversity of Christmas
Island should be extended into the marine environment and
are achievable given the high number of species (including
endemics) that are concentrated into the small area of reef
that fringes the Island (Hobbs, 2014). In contrast to Christmas
Island, the much younger age of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands
appears to have limited the evolution of endemics (Allen &
Smith-Vaniz, 1994; Hobbs et al., 2012).
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Although the terrestrial environment is renowned for the high
number of endemic species, the freshwater ish community is
depauperate and there are no endemic species. There are no
rivers or creeks on Christmas Island and the above-ground
freshwater habitat that is available is extremely small and
can not support a diverse ish community or the evolution
of endemic ishes. Of the ive species known to occupy this
habitat, three are introduced and the other two are widely
distributed Indo-Paciic species that have a marine larval stage
capable of colonising oceanic islands. Of more interest are
the ishes inhabiting the anchialine caves (Humphreys, 2014;
Tan et al., 2014), particularly those in the family Bythitidae
that appear to be endemic (Møller Schwarzhans, 2008;
Schwarzhans & Møller, 2011; Schwarzhans & Nielsen, 2011).
This study has increased the number of ishes recorded from
Christmas Island to 681. The structure and composition of
the ish community is inluenced by biogeography (mixing
of Indian and Pacific Ocean species), isolation (underrepresentation of poor dispersers) and habitat availability
(lack of lagoonal species). Although the total number of
ish species is low relative to other locations in the tropical
Indian Ocean (Hobbs et al., 2012), it is high when taking
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Choat JH, Klanten OS, van Herwerden L, Robertson DR & Clements
KD (2012) Patterns and processes in the evolutionary history
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Gardiner NM & Jones GP (2005) Habitat specialisation and overlap
in a guild of coral reef cardinalishes (Apogonidae). Marine
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Gaston KJ (1994) Rarity. Chapman and Hall, London, 201 pp.
Gilligan JJ, Hender J Hobbs JPA, Neilson J & McDonald C (2008)
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Hobbs JPA, Ayling AM, Choat JH, Gilligan J, McDonald CA,
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Hobbs et al.: Fishes of Christmas Island
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190
RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014
Table 1. Checklist and new records of ishes from Christmas Island. CKI = Cocos (Keeling) Islands, the asterisk (*) denotes
that the species also occurs at Cocos (Keeling) Islands; NR = new record; GD = geographical distribution with each of the
numbers indicating the following distributional data: 1 = widespread Indo-Paciic or Indo-west Paciic; 2 = West Paciic species
that reach their western distributional limit at Christmas Island or the Cocos (Keeling) Islands; 3 = Indian Ocean species;
4 = circumtropical or cosmopolitan; 5 = uncertain extralimital distribution; 6 = endemic; AB = abundance: 1 = common/
abundant (average of more than 5 per dive); 2 = moderately common (average of 2–5 per dive); 3 = uncommon (average
of 0.5–2 per dive); 4 = occasionally seen (average of 0.2–0.5 per dive); 5 = seldom seen (average of 0.1–0.2 per dive); 6 =
rare (average <0.1 per dive). Per dive is a 60 minute dive that covers an approximate survey area of 5000 m2. Sources are
as follow: 1 = Allen et al., 2007; 2 = Hobbs et al., 2010a; 3 = Schwarzhans & Nielsen, 2011; 4 = Møller & Schwarzhans,
2008, 5 = Schwarzhans & Møller, 2011; 6 = Allen & Steene, 1988; 7 = Randall, 1998; 8 = Allen & Erdmann, 2012; 9 =
Randall & Heemstra, 1991; 10 = Allen & Smith-Vaniz, 1994; 11 = Hobbs et al., 2007; 12 = Springer & Williams, 1994;
13 = communicated by Tan HH (see Tan, 2014 and Tan et al., 2014) and species identiied by the authors’ observations
(O) and photographs (P).
Family
Rhincodontidae
Carcharhinidae
Carcharhinidae
Carcharhinidae
Carcharhinidae
Carcharhinidae
Carcharhinidae
Sphyrnidae
Sphyrnidae
Alopiidae
Dasyatidae
Myliobatidae
Myliobatidae
Anguillidae
Moringuidae
Moringuidae
Moringuidae
Chlopsidae
Chlopsidae
Muraenidae
Muraenidae
Muraenidae
Muraenidae
Muraenidae
Muraenidae
Muraenidae
Muraenidae
Muraenidae
Muraenidae
Muraenidae
Muraenidae
Muraenidae
Muraenidae
Muraenidae
Muraenidae
Muraenidae
Muraenidae
Muraenidae
Muraenidae
Muraenidae
Muraenidae
Muraenidae
Muraenidae
Muraenidae
Muraenidae
Genus/Species/Authority
CKI
Rhincodon typus Smith, 1828
Carcharhinus albimarginatus(Rüppell, 1837)
Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos (Bleeker, 1856)
Carcharhinus falciformis (Müller & Henle, 1839)
Carcharhinus longimanus (Poey, 1861)
Galeocerdo cuvier (Péron & Lesueur, 1822)
Triaenodon obesus (Rüppell, 1837)
Sphyrna lewini (Grifith & Smith, 1834)
Sphyrna mokarran (Rüppell, 1837)
Alopias pelagicus Nakamura, 1935
Taeniura meyeni (Müller & Henle, 1841)
Aetobatus narinari (Euphrasen, 1790)
Manta birostris (Walbaum, 1792)
Anguilla bicolor McClelland, 1844
Moringua bicolor Kaup 1856
Moringua javanica (Kaup, 1856)
Moringua macrochir Bleeker, 1855
Kaupichthys atronasus Schultz, 1953
Kaupichthys diodontus Schultz, 1943
Anarchias seychellensis Smith, 1962
Channomuraena vittata (Richardson, 1845)
Uropterygius concolor Rüppell, 1838
Uropterygius fuscoguttatus Schultz, 1953
Uropterygius macrocephalus (Bleeker, 1864)
Uropterygius marmoratus (Lacepède, 1803)
Uropterygius micropterus (Bleeker, 1852)
Uropterygius supraforatus (Regan, 1909)
Uropterygius xanthopterus Bleeker, 1859
Echidna nebulosa (Ahl, 1789)
Echidna polyzona (Richardson, 1845)
Echidna unicolor Schultz, 1953
Enchelycore bayeri (Schultz, 1953)
Enchelycore pardalis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)
Enchelycore schismatorhynchus (Bleeker, 1853)
Enchelynassa canina (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)
Gymnomuraena zebra (Shaw & Nodder, 1797)
Gymnothorax breedeni McCosker & Randall, 1977
Gymnothorax buroensis (Bleeker, 1857)
Gymnothorax chilospilus Bleeker, 1865
Gymnothorax enigmaticus McCosker & Randall, 1982
Gymnothorax lavimarginatus (Rüppell, 1830)
Gymnothorax fuscomaculatus (Schultz, 1953)
Gymnothorax javanicus (Bleeker, 1859)
Gymnothorax margaritophorus Bleeker, 1865
Gymnothorax melatremus Schultz, 1953
191
NR
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
NR
NR
GD
AB
Source
4
1
1
4
4
4
1
4
4
4
1
4
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
6
4
1
6
6
3
6
6
6
6
6
5
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
O
P
2
1
1
13
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
1
5
4
1
Hobbs et al.: Fishes of Christmas Island
Family
Muraenidae
Muraenidae
Muraenidae
Muraenidae
Muraenidae
Muraenidae
Muraenidae
Muraenidae
Ophichthidae
Ophichthidae
Ophichthidae
Ophichthidae
Ophichthidae
Ophichthidae
Ophichthidae
Congridae
Congridae
Muraenesocidae
Chanidae
Synodontidae
Synodontidae
Synodontidae
Synodontidae
Synodontidae
Ophidiidae
Bythitidae
Bythitidae
Bythitidae
Bythitidae
Bythitidae
Bythitidae
Antennariidae
Antennariidae
Antennariidae
Gobiescocidae
Atherinidae
Atherinidae
Poeciliidae
Poeciliidae
Belonidae
Belonidae
Exocoetidae
Exocoetidae
Anomalopidae
Berycidae
Holocentridae
Holocentridae
Holocentridae
Holocentridae
Holocentridae
Holocentridae
Holocentridae
Holocentridae
Holocentridae
Holocentridae
Holocentridae
Holocentridae
Holocentridae
Holocentridae
Genus/Species/Authority
CKI
Gymnothorax meleagris (Shaw & Nodder, 1795)
Gymnothorax monostigma (Regan, 1909)
Gymnothorax pictus (Ahl, 1789)
Gymnothorax pindae Smith, 1962
Gymnothorax rueppeliae (McClelland, 1844)
Gymnothorax zonipectis Seale, 1906
Gymnothorax thrysoideus (Richardson, 1845)
Rhinomuraena quaesita Garman, 1888
Scolecenchelys laticaudata (Ogilby, 1897)
Apterichtus klazingai (Weber, 1913)
Brachysomophis crocodilinus (Bennett, 1833)
Callechelys marmorata (Bleeker, 1853)
Leiuranus semicinctus (Lay & Bennett, 1839)
Myrichthys maculosus (Cuvier, 1816)
Phyllophichthus xenodontus Gosline, 1951
Conger cinereus Rüppell, 1830
Heteroconger hassi (Klausewitz & Eibl-Eibesfeldt, 1959)
Congresox talabonoides (Bleeker, 1852)
Chanos chanos (Forsskål, 1775)
Synodus dermatogenys Fowler, 1912
Synodus jaculum Russell & Cressey, 1979
Synodus variegatus (Lacepède, 1803)
Saurida gracilis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)
Saurida undosquamis (Richardson, 1848)
Brotula multibarbata Temminck & Schlegel, 1847
Microbrotula andersoni Schwarzhans & Nielsen, 2011
Brosmophyciops pautzkei Schultz, 1960
Diancistrus sp.
Dinematichthys trilobatus Møller & Schwarzhans, 2008
Ogilbia sp.
Paradiancistrus christmasensis Schwarzhans & Møller, 2011
Antennarius analis (Schultz, 1957)
Antennarius coccineus (Lesson, 1830)
Antennarius nummifer (Cuvier, 1817)
Discotrema crinophilum Briggs, 1976
Atherion elymus Jordan & Starks, 1901
Hypoatherina barnesi Schultz, 1953
Poecilia reticulata Peters, 1859
Xiphophorus sp.
Platybelone argalus (Lesueur, 1821)
Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur, 1821)
Hirundichthys oxycephalus (Bleeker, 1852)
Cypselurus poecilopterus (Valenciennes, 1847)
Photoblepharon palpebratum (Boddaert, 1781)
Beryx decadactylus Cuvier, 1829
Sargocentron caudimaculatum (Rüppell, 1838)
Sargocentron diadema (Lacépède, 1802)
Sargocentron iota Randall, 1998
Sargocentron ittodai (Jordan & Fowler, 1902)
Sargocentron lepros (Allen & Cross, 1983)
Sargocentron microstoma (Günther, 1859)
Sargocentron praslin (Lacepède, 1802)
Sargocentron punctatissimum (Cuvier, 1829)
Sargocentron spiniferum (Forsskål, 1775)
Sargocentron tiere (Cuvier, 1829)
Sargocentron tiereoides (Bleeker, 1853)
Myripristis berndti Jordan & Evermann, 1905
Myripristis kuntee Valenciennes, 1831
Myripristis murdjan (Forsskål, 1775)
192
NR
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
NR
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
NR
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
AB
Source
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
1
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
13
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1,3
1
13
1,4
1
1,5
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
6
1
1
1
1
13
O,P
1
1
7
8
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
2
5
2
6
5
6
2
5
2
NR
*
*
*
GD
6
6
6
1
1
1
2
2
1
5
5
4
4
1
1
2
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
5
5
2
1
3
6
1
3
1
6
1
4
1
1
1
RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014
Family
Holocentridae
Holocentridae
Holocentridae
Aulostomidae
Fistulariidae
Solenostomidae
Solenostomidae
Syngnathidae
Syngnathidae
Syngnathidae
Syngnathidae
Syngnathidae
Syngnathidae
Syngnathidae
Scorpaenidae
Scorpaenidae
Scorpaenidae
Scorpaenidae
Scorpaenidae
Scorpaenidae
Scorpaenidae
Scorpaenidae
Scorpaenidae
Scorpaenidae
Scorpaenidae
Scorpaenidae
Scorpaenidae
Scorpaenidae
Scorpaenidae
Scorpaenidae
Scorpaenidae
Scorpaenidae
Scorpaenidae
Scorpaenidae
Scorpaenidae
Scorpaenidae
Tetrarogidae
Synanceiidae
Aploactinidae
Platycephalidae
Platycephalidae
Epinephelidae
Epinephelidae
Epinephelidae
Epinephelidae
Epinephelidae
Epinephelidae
Epinephelidae
Epinephelidae
Epinephelidae
Epinephelidae
Epinephelidae
Epinephelidae
Epinephelidae
Epinephelidae
Epinephelidae
Epinephelidae
Epinephelidae
Epinephelidae
Genus/Species/Authority
CKI
Myripristis pralinia Cuvier, 1829
Myripristis vittata Valenciennes, 1831
Plectrypops lima (Valenciennes, 1831)
Aulostomus chinensis (Linnaeus, 1766)
Fistularia commersonii Rüppell, 1838
Solenostomus cyanopterus Bleeker, 1855
Solenostomus paradoxus (Pallas, 1770)
Choeroichthys brachysoma (Bleeker, 1855)
Choeroichthys sculptus (Günther, 1870)
Corythoichthys schultzi Herald, 1953
Cosmocampus banneri (Herald & Randall, 1972)
Dunckerocampus baldwini Herald & Randall, 1972
Doryrhamphus melanopleura (Bleeker, 1858)
Micrognathus pygmaeus Fritzsche, 1981
Scorpaenodes albaiensis (Evermann & Seale, 1907)
Scorpaenodes corallinus Smith, 1957
Scorpaenodes guamensis Quoy & Gaimard, 1824
Scorpaenodes hirsutus (Smith, 1957)
Scorpaenodes parvipinnis (Garrett, 1864)
Scorpaenodes varipinnis Smith, 1957
Scorpaenopsis diabolus (Cuvier, 1829)
Scorpaenopsis oxycephala (Bleeker, 1849)
Scorpaenopsis possi Randall & Eschmeyer, 2001
Sebastapistes cyanostigma (Bleeker, 1856)
Sebastapistes mauritiana (Cuvier, 1829)
Sebastapistes strongia (Cuvier, 1829)
Sebastapistes tinkhami (Fowler, 1946)
Taenianotus triacanthus Lacépède, 1802
Pontinus macrocephalus (Sauvage, 1882)
Caracanthus maculatus (Gray, 1831)
Caracanthus unipinna (Gray, 1831)
Dendrochirus biocellatus (Fowler, 1938)
Dendrochirus zebra (Cuvier, 1829)
Pterois antennata (Bloch, 1787)
Pterois radiata Cuvier, 1829
Pterois volitans (Linnaeus, 1758)
Ablabys taenianotus (Cuvier, 1829)
Synanceia verrucosa Bloch & Schneider, 1801
Cocotropus larvatus Poss & Allen, 1987
Sunagocia arenicola (Schultz, 1966)
Sunagocia otaitensis (Cuvier, 1829)
Aethaloperca rogaa (Forsskål, 1775)
Anyperodon leucogrammicus (Valenciennes, 1828)
Cephalopholis argus Bloch & Schneider, 1801
Cephalopholis aurantia (Valenciennes, 1828)
Cephalopholis igarashiensis Katayama, 1957
Cephalopholis leopardus (Lacépède, 1801)
Cephalopholis miniata (Forsskal, 1755)
Cephalopholis nigripinnis (Valenciennes, 1828)
Cephalopholis polleni (Bleeker, 1868)
Cephalopholis sexmaculata (Rüppell, 1830)
Cephalopholis sonnerati (Valenciennes, 1828)
Cephalopholis spiloparaea (Valenciennes, 1828)
Cephalopholis urodeta (Forster, 1801)
Epinephelus corallicola (Kuhl & Hasselt, 1828)
Epinephelus fasciatus (Forsskål, 1775)
Epinephelus fuscoguttatus (Forsskål, 1775)
Epinephelus hexagonatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Epinephelus lanceolatus (Bloch, 1790)
193
NR
*
*
*
*
*
NR
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
NR
*
*
*
*
*
NR
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
NR
GD
AB
Source
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
6
6
6
6
6
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
P
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
O,P
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
P
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
O,P
1
9
1
1
2
1
1
6
5
6
5
4
1
1
6
6
6
6
6
3
6
6
6
6
4
4
1
2
2
1
3
2
6
1
1
4
5
6
5
6
Hobbs et al.: Fishes of Christmas Island
Family
Epinephelidae
Epinephelidae
Epinephelidae
Epinephelidae
Epinephelidae
Epinephelidae
Epinephelidae
Epinephelidae
Epinephelidae
Epinephelidae
Epinephelidae
Epinephelidae
Epinephelidae
Epinephelidae
Epinephelidae
Epinephelidae
Epinephelidae
Epinephelidae
Epinephelidae
Epinephelidae
Epinephelidae
Serranidae
Serranidae
Serranidae
Serranidae
Serranidae
Serranidae
Serranidae
Serranidae
Serranidae
Serranidae
Serranidae
Serranidae
Serranidae
Serranidae
Pseudochromidae
Pseudochromidae
Pseudochromidae
Pseudochromidae
Plesiopidae
Plesiopidae
Plesiopidae
Plesiopidae
Terapontidae
Kuhliidae
Priacanthidae
Priacanthidae
Apogonidae
Apogonidae
Apogonidae
Apogonidae
Apogonidae
Apogonidae
Apogonidae
Apogonidae
Apogonidae
Apogonidae
Apogonidae
Apogonidae
Genus/Species/Authority
CKI
Epinephelus merra Bloch, 1793
Epinephelus morrhua (Valenciennes, 1833)
Epinephelus retouti Bleeker, 1868
Epinephelus spilotoceps Schultz, 1953
Epinephelus tauvina (Forsskål, 1775)
Epinephelus tukula Morgans, 1959
Gracila albomarginata (Fowler & Bean, 1930)
Hyporthodus octofasciatus Grifin, 1926
Plectropomus laevis (Lacépède, 1801)
Saloptia powelli Smith, 1964
Variola albimarginata Baissac, 1953
Variola louti (Forsskål, 1775)
Liopropoma mitratum Lubbock & Randall, 1978
Liopropoma susumi (Jordan & Seale, 1906)
Liopropoma tonstrinum Randall & Taylor, 1988
Belonoperca chabanaudi Fowler & Bean, 1930
Grammistes sexlineatus (Thunberg, 1792)
Grammistops ocellatus Schultz, 1953
Pogonoperca punctata (Valenciennes, 1830)
Pseudogramma polyacanthus (Bleeker, 1856)
Suttonia lineata Gosline, 1960
Luzonichthys earlei Randall, 1981
Luzonichthys sp.
Luzonichthys whitleyi (Smith, 1955)
Plectranthias fourmanoiri Randall, 1980
Plectranthias inermis Randall, 1980
Plectranthias nanus Randall, 1980
Plectranthias yamakawai Yoshino, 1972
Pseudanthias dispar (Herre, 1955)
Pseudanthias evansi (Smith, 1954)
Pseudanthias lavoguttatus (Katayama & Masuda, 1980)
Pseudanthias pleurotaenia (Bleeker, 1857)
Pseudanthias smithvanizi (Randall & Lubbock, 1981)
Pseudanthias squamipinnis (Peters, 1855)
Pseudanthias tuka (Herre & Montalban, 1927)
Pseudochromis viridis Gill & Allen, 1996
Pseudochromis tapeinosoma Bleeker, 1853
Lubbockichthys multisquamatus (Allen, 1987)
Pseudoplesiops immaculatus Gill & Edwards, 2002
Calloplesiops altivelis (Steindachner, 1903)
Plesiops coeruleolineatus Rüppell, 1835
Plesiops corallicola Bleeker, 1853
Steeneichthys nativitatus Allen, 1987
Terapon theraps Cuvier, 1829
Kuhlia mugil (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Heteropriacanthus cruentatus (Lacépède, 1801)
Priacanthus sagittarius Starnes, 1988
Apogon crassiceps Garman, 1903
Apogon doryssa (Jordan & Seale, 1906)
Apogon semiornatus Peters, 1876
Apogon talboti (Smith, 1961)
Apogonichthys ocellatus (Weber, 1913)
Cercamia eremia (Allen, 1987)
Cheilodipterus artus Smith, 1961
Cheilodipterus macrodon (Lacépède, 1802)
Cheilodipterus quinquelineatus Cuvier, 1828
Fowleria aurita (Valenciennes, 1831)
Fowleria marmorata (Alleyne & Macleay, 1877)
Fowleria vaiulae (Jordan & Seale, 1906)
194
NR
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
NR
*
*
*
*
*
*
NR
*
*
NR
*
*
*
*
*
NR
*
*
*
*
*
*
GD
AB
Source
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
1
2
1
1
1
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
P
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
1
1
1
1
P
1
1
1
2
1
1
O,P
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
1
1
O,P
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
1
1
2
5
6
1
6
6
4
3
5
4
6
3
1
5
5
1
1
1
6
1
4
6
3
3
6
1
3
5
5
3
2
3
5
RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014
Family
Apogonidae
Apogonidae
Apogonidae
Apogonidae
Apogonidae
Apogonidae
Apogonidae
Apogonidae
Apogonidae
Apogonidae
Apogonidae
Apogonidae
Apogonidae
Malacanthidae
Malacanthidae
Echeneidae
Echeneidae
Carangidae
Carangidae
Carangidae
Carangidae
Carangidae
Carangidae
Carangidae
Carangidae
Carangidae
Carangidae
Carangidae
Carangidae
Carangidae
Carangidae
Coryphaenidae
Bramidae
Bramidae
Lutjanidae
Lutjanidae
Lutjanidae
Lutjanidae
Lutjanidae
Lutjanidae
Lutjanidae
Lutjanidae
Lutjanidae
Lutjanidae
Lutjanidae
Lutjanidae
Lutjanidae
Lutjanidae
Lutjanidae
Lutjanidae
Lutjanidae
Lutjanidae
Lutjanidae
Lutjanidae
Lutjanidae
Caesionidae
Caesionidae
Caesionidae
Caesionidae
Genus/Species/Authority
CKI
Nectamia savayensis (Günther, 1872)
Ostorhinchus angustatus (Smith & Radcliffe, 1911)
Ostorhinchus apogonoides (Bleeker, 1856)
Ostorhinchus aureus (Lacépède, 1802)
Ostorhinchus nigrofasciatus (Lachner, 1953)
Ostorhinchus novemfasciatus (Cuvier, 1828)
Ostorhinchus taeniophorus (Regan, 1908)
Pristiapogon exostigma (Jordan & Starks, 1906)
Pristiapogon fraenatus (Valenciennes, 1832)
Pristiapogon kallopterus (Bleeker, 1856)
Pristiapogon taeniopterus (Bennett, 1836)
Zapogon evermanni (Jordan & Snyder, 1904)
Pseudamiops gracilicauda (Lachner, 1953)
Malacanthus brevirostris Guichenot, 1848
Malacanthus latovittatus (Lacépède, 1801)
Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus, 1758
Remora remora (Linnaeus, 1758)
Alectis ciliaris (Bloch, 1787)
Alectis indica (Rüppell, 1830)
Carangoides ferdau (Forsskål, 1775)
Carangoides orthogrammus (Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)
Caranx ignobilis (Forsskål, 1775)
Caranx lugubris Poey, 1860
Caranx melampygus Cuvier, 1833
Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard, 1825
Decapterus macarellus (Cuvier, 1833)
Elagatis bipinnulata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825)
Gnathanodon speciosus (Forsskål, 1775)
Scomberoides lysan (Forsskål, 1775)
Seriola dumerili (Risso, 1810)
Trachinotus baillonii (Lacépède, 1801)
Coryphaena hippurus Linnaeus, 1758
Brama australis Valenciennes, 1840
Brama brama (Bonnaterre, 1788)
Aphareus furca (Lacépède, 1801)
Aphareus rutilans Cuvier, 1830
Aprion virescens Valenciennes, 1830
Etelis carbunculus Cuvier, 1828
Etelis coruscans Valenciennes, 1862
Etelis marshi (Jenkins, 1903)
Etelis radiosus Anderson, 1981
Lutjanus bohar (Forsskål, 1775)
Lutjanus fulvilamma (Forsskål, 1775)
Lutjanus fulvus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Lutjanus gibbus (Forsskål, 1775)
Lutjanus kasmira (Forsskål, 1775)
Lutjanus monostigma (Cuvier, 1828)
Lutjanus rivulatus (Cuvier, 1828)
Macolor macularis Fowler, 1931
Macolor niger (Forsskål, 1775)
Paracaesio sordida Abe & Shinohara, 1962
Pristipomoides auricilla (Jordan, Evermann & Tanaka, 1927)
Pristipomoides ilamentosus (Valenciennes, 1830)
Pristipomoides zonatus (Valenciennes, 1830)
Randallichthys ilamentosus (Fourmanoir, 1970)
Caesio caerulaurea Lacépède, 1801
Caesio lunaris Cuvier, 1830
Caesio teres Seale, 1906
Caesio xanthonotus Bleeker, 1853
195
NR
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
NR
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
NR
NR
*
*
*
GD
AB
Source
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
4
4
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
4
4
1
1
4
1
4
2
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
O,P
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
O,P
1
1
2
O,P
1
O,P
1
O,P
1
O,P
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
O,P
1
O,P
1
1
1
1
2
3
4
2
5
2
1
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
3
3
3
3
1
3
6
6
5
6
1
5
1
5
5
4
4
6
6
1
1
1
4
2
1
6
Hobbs et al.: Fishes of Christmas Island
Family
Caesionidae
Caesionidae
Caesionidae
Haemulidae
Haemulidae
Lethrinidae
Lethrinidae
Lethrinidae
Lethrinidae
Lethrinidae
Lethrinidae
Lethrinidae
Lethrinidae
Lethrinidae
Nemipteridae
Mullidae
Mullidae
Mullidae
Mullidae
Mullidae
Mullidae
Mullidae
Pempheridae
Kyphosidae
Kyphosidae
Chaetodontidae
Chaetodontidae
Chaetodontidae
Chaetodontidae
Chaetodontidae
Chaetodontidae
Chaetodontidae
Chaetodontidae
Chaetodontidae
Chaetodontidae
Chaetodontidae
Chaetodontidae
Chaetodontidae
Chaetodontidae
Chaetodontidae
Chaetodontidae
Chaetodontidae
Chaetodontidae
Chaetodontidae
Chaetodontidae
Chaetodontidae
Chaetodontidae
Chaetodontidae
Chaetodontidae
Chaetodontidae
Chaetodontidae
Chaetodontidae
Chaetodontidae
Chaetodontidae
Chaetodontidae
Chaetodontidae
Chaetodontidae
Chaetodontidae
Chaetodontidae
Genus/Species/Authority
CKI
Pterocaesio lativittata Carpenter, 1987
Pterocaesio marri Schultz, 1953
Pterocaesio tile (Cuvier, 1830)
Plectorhinchus gibbosus (Lacépède, 1802)
Plectorhinchus vittatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Gnathodentex aureolineatus (Lacépède, 1802)
Gymnocranius griseus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843)
Lethrinus amboinensis Bleeker, 1854
Lethrinus conchyliatus Smith, 1959
Lethrinus erythropterus Valenciennes, 1830
Lethrinus olivaceus Valenciennes, 1830
Lethrinus rubrioperculatus Sato, 1978
Lethrinus xanthochilus Klunzinger, 1870
Monotaxis grandoculis (Forsskål, 1775)
Scolopsis bilineata (Bloch, 1793)
Mulloidichthys lavolineatus (Lacépède, 1801)
Mulloidichthys vanicolensis (Valenciennes, 1831)
Parupeneus cyclostomus (Lacépède, 1801)
Parupeneus macronemus (Lacépède, 1801)
Parupeneus multifasciatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825)
Parupeneus pleurostigma (Bennett, 1831)
Parupeneus trifasciatus (Lacépède, 1801)
Pempheris oualensis Cuvier, 1831
Kyphosus cinerascens (Forsskål, 1775)
Kyphosus vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825)
Chaetodon adiergastos Seale, 1910
Chaetodon auriga Forsskål, 1775
Chaetodon baronessa Cuvier, 1831
Chaetodon bennetti Cuvier, 1831
Chaetodon citrinellus Cuvier, 1831
Chaetodon collare Bloch, 1787
Chaetodon decussatus Cuvier, 1831
Chaetodon ephippium Cuvier, 1831
Chaetodon guttatissimus Bennett, 1833
Chaetodon kleinii Bloch, 1790
Chaetodon lineolatus Cuvier, 1831
Chaetodon lunula (Lacépède, 1802)
Chaetodon lunulatus Quoy & Gaimard, 1825
Chaetodon madagaskariensis Ahl, 1923
Chaetodon melannotus Bloch & Schneider, 1801
Chaetodon meyeri Bloch & Schneider, 1801
Chaetodon mitratus Günther, 1860
Chaetodon ornatissimus Cuvier, 1831
Chaetodon punctatofasciatus Cuvier, 1831
Chaetodon raflesii Bennett, 1830
Chaetodon semeion Bleeker, 1855
Chaetodon speculum Cuvier, 1831
Chaetodon triangulum Cuvier, 1831
Chaetodon trifascialis Quoy & Gaimard, 1825
Chaetodon trifasciatus Park, 1797
Chaetodon ulietensis Cuvier, 1831
Chaetodon unimaculatus Bloch, 1787
Chaetodon vagabundus Linnaeus, 1758
Forcipiger lavissimus Jordan & McGregor, 1898
Forcipiger longirostris (Broussonet, 1782)
Hemitaurichthys polylepis (Bleeker, 1857)
Heniochus acuminatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Heniochus chrysostomus Cuvier, 1831
Heniochus monoceros Cuvier, 1831
196
NR
*
*
*
NR
NR
NR
*
*
*
*
NR
NR
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
NR
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
NR
GD
AB
Source
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
2
3
1
1
3
1
2
1
1
1
3
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
4
1
6
6
2
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
1
5
3
1
3
4
1
3
1
1
1
1
6
2
5
6
2
6
6
6
1
2
5
1
6
6
6
2
3
1
3
6
6
6
6
1
5
6
2
6
1
1
1
6
3
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
O,P
O,P
O,P
2
O,P
O,P
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
11
1
1
2
1
11
11
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
11
1
1
O,P
1
1
O,P
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014
Family
Chaetodontidae
Chaetodontidae
Pomacanthidae
Pomacanthidae
Pomacanthidae
Pomacanthidae
Pomacanthidae
Pomacanthidae
Pomacanthidae
Pomacanthidae
Pomacanthidae
Pomacanthidae
Pomacanthidae
Pomacanthidae
Pomacanthidae
Pomacanthidae
Pomacanthidae
Pomacanthidae
Cirrhitidae
Cirrhitidae
Cirrhitidae
Cirrhitidae
Cirrhitidae
Cirrhitidae
Cirrhitidae
Mugilidae
Cichlidae
Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae
Genus/Species/Authority
CKI
Heniochus singularius Smith & Radcliffe, 1911
Heniochus varius (Cuvier, 1829)
Apolemichthys trimaculatus (Cuvier, 1831)
Centropyge bicolor (Bloch, 1787)
Centropyge bispinosa (Günther, 1860)
Centropyge eibli Klausewitz, 1963
Centropyge isheri (Snyder, 1904)
Centropyge lavissima (Cuvier, 1831)
Centropyge joculator Smith-Vaniz & Randall, 1974
Centropyge tibicen (Cuvier, 1831)
Centropyge vrolikii (Bellker, 1853)
Centropyge colini Smith-Vaniz & Randall, 1974
Genicanthus bellus Randall, 1975
Genicanthus melanospilos (Bleeker, 1857)
Paracentropyge multifasciatus (Smith & Radcliffe, 1911)
Pomacanthus imperator (Bloch, 1787)
Pomacanthus semicirculatus (Cuvier, 1831)
Pygoplites diacanthus (Boddaert, 1772)
Amblycirrhitus bimacula (Jenkins, 1903)
Cirrhitichthys oxycephalus (Bleeker, 1855)
Cirrhitus pinnulatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Oxycirrhites typus Bleeker, 1857
Paracirrhites arcatus (Cuvier, 1829)
Paracirrhites forsteri (Schneider, 1801)
Paracirrhites hemistictus (Günther, 1874)
Crenimugil crenilabis (Forsskål, 1775)
Oreochromis sp.
Abudefduf notatus (Day, 1870)
Abudefduf septemfasciatus (Cuvier, 1830)
Abudefduf sexfasciatus (Lacépède, 1801)
Abudefduf sordidus (Forsskål, 1775)
Abudefduf vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825)
Amblyglyphidodon aureus (Cuvier, 1830)
Amblyglyphidodon leucogaster (Bleeker, 1847)
Amphiprion clarkii (Bennett, 1830)
Amphiprion perideraion Bleeker, 1855
Amphiprion sandaracinos Allen, 1972
Cheiloprion labiatus (Day, 1877)
Chromis alpha Randall, 1988
Chromis amboinensis (Bleeker, 1873)
Chromis analis (Cuvier, 1830)
Chromis atripectoralis Welander & Schultz, 1951
Chromis atripes Fowler & Bean, 1928
Chromis caudalis Randall, 1988
Chromis delta Randall, 1988
Chromis ieldi Randall & DiBattista, 2013
Chromis elerae Fowler & Bean, 1928
Chromis lepidolepis Bleeker, 1877
Chromis lineata Fowler & Bean, 1928
Chromis margaritifer Fowler, 1946
Chromis nigrura Smith, 1960
Chromis opercularis (Günther, 1867)
Chromis ternatensis (Bleeker, 1856)
Chromis weberi Fowler & Bean, 1928
Chromis xanthochira (Bleeker, 1851)
Chromis xanthura (Bleeker, 1854)
Chrysiptera brownriggii (Bennett, 1828)
Chrysiptera glauca (Cuvier, 1830)
Chrysiptera unimaculata (Cuvier, 1830)
197
NR
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
NR
*
*
NR
*
*
NR
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
GD
AB
Source
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
6
6
2
2
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
3
3
5
3
3
3
4
1
1
3
4
6
6
6
6
3
4
2
4
2
4
4
1
1
2
6
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
2
2
1
3
1
1
2
2
3
3
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
2
2
5
6
3
1
6
1
1
1
1
6
4
2
6
1
1
2
1
2
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
11
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
O,P
1
1
1
O,P
1
1
O
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Hobbs et al.: Fishes of Christmas Island
Family
Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Genus/Species/Authority
CKI
Dascyllus reticulatus (Richardson, 1846)
Dascyllus trimaculatus (Rüppell, 1829)
Lepidozygus tapeinosoma (Bleeker, 1856)
Plectroglyphidodon dickii (Liénard, 1839)
Plectroglyphidodon imparipennis (Sauvage, 1875)
Plectroglyphidodon johnstonianus Fowler & Ball, 1924
Plectroglyphidodon lacrymatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825)
Plectroglyphidodon leucozonus (Bleeker, 1859)
Plectroglyphidodon phoenixensis (Schultz, 1943)
Pomacentrus alleni Burgess, 1981
Pomacentrus auriventris Allen, 1991
Pomacentrus bankanensis Bleeker, 1853
Pomacentrus chrysurus Cuvier, 1830
Pomacentrus coelestis Jordan & Starks, 1901
Pomacentrus moluccensis Bleeker, 1853
Pomacentrus vaiuli Jordan & Seale, 1906
Stegastes albifasciatus (Schlegel & Müller, 1839)
Stegastes fasciolatus (Ogilby, 1889)
Stegastes insularis Allen & Emery, 1985
Stegastes nigricans (Lacépède, 1802)
Anampses caeruleopunctatus Rüppell, 1829
Anampses melanurus Bleeker, 1857
Anampses meleagrides Valenciennes, 1840
Anampses twistii Bleeker, 1856
Bodianus anthioides (Bennett, 1832)
Bodianus axillaris (Bennett, 1832)
Bodianus bilunulatus (Lacépède, 1801)
Bodianus dictynna Gomon, 2006
Bodianus mesothorax (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Bodianus opercularis (Guichenot, 1847)
Cheilinus oxycephalus Bleeker, 1853
Cheilinus trilobatus Lacépède, 1801
Cheilinus undulatus Rüppell, 1835
Cheilio inermis (Forsskål, 1775)
Cirrhilabrus cyanopleura (Bleeker, 1851)
Cirrhilabrus exquisitus Smith, 1957
Coris aygula Lacépède, 1801
Coris dorsomacula Fowler, 1908
Coris gaimard (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)
Epibulus insidiator (Pallas, 1770)
Gomphosus varius Lacépède, 1801
Halichoeres chrysus Randall, 1981
Halichoeres claudia Randall & Rocha, 2009
Halichoeres hortulanus (Lacépède, 1801)
Halichoeres leucoxanthus Randall & Smith, 1982
Halichoeres margaritaceus (Valenciennes, 1839)
Halichoeres marginatus Rüppell, 1835
Halichoeres melasmapomus Randall, 1981
Halichoeres nebulosus (Valenciennes, 1839)
Halichoeres scapularis (Bennett, 1832)
Halichoeres trimaculatus (Cuvier, 1834)
Hemigymnus fasciatus (Bloch, 1792)
Hemigymnus melapterus (Bloch, 1791)
Hologymnosus annulatus (Lacépède, 1801)
Hologymnosus doliatus (Lacépède, 1801)
Iniistius aneitensis (Günther, 1862)
Iniistius pavo (Valenciennes, 1840)
Iniistius grifithsi Randall, 2007
Labrichthys unilineatus (Guichenot, 1847)
198
NR
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
NR
*
*
*
*
*
NR
*
*
*
*
NR
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
GD
AB
Source
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
1
6
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
2
2
4
3
2
6
6
1
5
1
5
3
4
3
2
5
2
6
3
1
4
4
5
6
5
3
4
6
3
2
3
1
2
1
1
6
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
O
1
1
1
1
1
O,P
1
1
1
1
2
O,P
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
5
2
6
6
6
2
RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014
Family
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Trichonotidae
Creediidae
Pinguipedidae
Pinguipedidae
Tripterygiidae
Tripterygiidae
Tripterygiidae
Tripterygiidae
Tripterygiidae
Tripterygiidae
Genus/Species/Authority
CKI
Labroides bicolor Fowler & Bean, 1928
Labroides dimidiatus (Valenciennes, 1839)
Labroides pectoralis Randall & Springer, 1975
Labropsis xanthonota Randall, 1981
Macropharyngodon negrosensis Herre, 1932
Macropharyngodon ornatus Randall, 1978
Novaculichthys taeniourus (Lacépède, 1801)
Oxycheilinus unifasciatus (Streets, 1877)
Polylepion russelli (Gomon & Randall, 1975)
Pseudocheilinus hexataenia (Bleeker, 1857)
Pseudocheilinus octotaenia Jenkins, 1901
Pseudocoris aurantiofasciatus Fourmanoir, 1971
Pseudocoris heteroptera (Bleeker, 1857)
Pseudocoris yamashiroi (Schmidt, 1930)
Pseudodax moluccanus (Valenciennes, 1840)
Stethojulis bandanensis (Bleeker, 1851)
Stethojulis strigiventer (Bennett, 1832)
Thalassoma amblycephalum (Bleeker, 1856)
Thalassoma hardwicke (Bennett, 1829)
Thalassoma jansenii (Bleeker, 1856)
Thalassoma lunare (Linnaeus, 1758)
Thalassoma lutescens (Lay & Bennett, 1839)
Thalassoma purpureum (Forsskål, 1775)
Thalassoma quinquevittatum (Lay & Bennett, 1839)
Thalassoma trilobatum (Lacépède, 1801)
Wetmorella albofasciata Schultz & Marshall, 1954
Bolbometopon muricatum (Valenciennes, 1840)
Cetoscarus bicolor (Rüppell, 1829)
Chlorurus sordidus (Forsskål, 1775)
Chlorurus capistratoides (Bleeker, 1847)
Chlorurus enneacanthus (Lacepède, 1802)
Chlorurus microrhinos (Bleeker, 1854)
Chlorurus strongylocephalus (Bleeker, 1855)
Scarus chameleon Choat & Randall, 1986
Scarus festivus Valenciennes, 1840
Scarus forsteni (Bleeker, 1861)
Scarus frenatus Lacépède, 1802
Scarus ghobban Forsskål, 1775
Scarus niger Forsskål, 1775
Scarus oviceps Valenciennes, 1840
Scarus prasiognathos Valenciennes, 1840
Scarus psittacus Forsskål, 1775
Scarus rubroviolaceus Bleeker, 1847
Scarus schlegeli (Bleeker, 1861)
Scarus spinus (Kner, 1868)
Scarus tricolor Bleeker, 1847
Scarus viridifucatus (Smith, 1956)
Scarus xanthopleura Bleeker, 1853
Calotomus carolinus (Valenciennes, 1840)
Trichonotus elegans Shimada & Yoshino, 1984
Chalixodytes tauensis Schultz, 1943
Parapercis clathrata Ogilby, 1910
Parapercis schauinslandii (Steindachner, 1900)
Ceratobregma helenae Holleman, 1987
Enneapterygius elegans (Peters, 1876)
Enneapterygius philippinus (Peters, 1868)
Enneapterygius tutuilae Jordan & Seale, 1906
Helcogramma chica Rosenblatt, 1960
Ucla xenogrammus Holleman, 1993
199
NR
*
*
*
*
*
*
NR
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
NR
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
NR
NR
*
*
*
*
*
GD
AB
Source
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
5
2
3
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
4
2
1
3
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
P
1
1
1
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
O,P
1
2
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
O
1
1
O,P
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
4
2
1
5
1
2
2
3
1
2
2
5
6
6
5
6
6
3
5
5
4
3
3
5
1
1
3
3
2
3
3
5
6
4
5
6
1
3
2
2
2
1
2
2
Hobbs et al.: Fishes of Christmas Island
Family
Blenniidae
Blenniidae
Blenniidae
Blenniidae
Blenniidae
Blenniidae
Blenniidae
Blenniidae
Blenniidae
Blenniidae
Blenniidae
Blenniidae
Blenniidae
Blenniidae
Blenniidae
Blenniidae
Blenniidae
Blenniidae
Blenniidae
Blenniidae
Blenniidae
Blenniidae
Blenniidae
Blenniidae
Blenniidae
Blenniidae
Blenniidae
Eleotridae
Eleotridae
Gobiidae
Gobiidae
Gobiidae
Gobiidae
Gobiidae
Gobiidae
Gobiidae
Gobiidae
Gobiidae
Gobiidae
Gobiidae
Gobiidae
Gobiidae
Gobiidae
Gobiidae
Gobiidae
Gobiidae
Gobiidae
Gobiidae
Gobiidae
Gobiidae
Gobiidae
Gobiidae
Gobiidae
Gobiidae
Gobiidae
Gobiidae
Gobiidae
Gobiidae
Gobiidae
Genus/Species/Authority
CKI
Aspidontus taeniatus Quoy & Gaimard, 1834
Parenchelyurus hepburni (Snyder, 1908)
Plagiotremus rhinorhynchos (Bleeker, 1852)
Plagiotremus tapeinosoma (Bleeker, 1857)
Alticus saliens (Lacépède, 1800)
Andamia reyi (Sauvage, 1880)
Blenniella cyanostigma (Bleeker, 1849)
Blenniella periophthalmus (Valenciennes, 1836)
Cirripectes castaneus (Valenciennes, 1836)
Cirripectes gilberti Williams, 1988
Cirripectes polyzona (Bleeker, 1868)
Cirripectes stigmaticus Strasburg & Schultz, 1953
Cirrisalarias bunares Springer, 1976
Ecsenius bicolor (Day, 1888)
Ecsenius midas Starck, 1969
Ecsenius oculatus Springer, 1988
Entomacrodus caudofasciatus (Regan, 1909)
Entomacrodus epalzeocheilos (Bleeker, 1859)
Entomacrodus vermiculatus (Valenciennes, 1836)
Exallias brevis (Kner, 1868)
Istiblennius bellus (Günther, 1861)
Istiblennius edentulus (Forster & Schneider, 1801)
Istiblennius lineatus (Valenciennes, 1836)
Mimoblennius atrocinctus (Regan, 1909)
Nannosalarias nativitatis (Regan, 1909)
Praealticus natalis (Regan, 1909)
Rhabdoblennius snowi (Fowler, 1928)
Calumia godeffroyi (Günther, 1877)
Eleotris fusca (Forster, 1801)
Gnatholepis cauerensis (Bleeker, 1853)
Amblyeleotris fasciata (Herre, 1953)
Bathygobius coalitus (Bennett, 1832)
Bathygobius cocosensis (Bleeker, 1854)
Bathygobius cyclopterus (Valenciennes, 1837)
Callogobius sclateri (Steindachner, 1880)
Ctenogobiops feroculus Lubbock & Polunin, 1977
Eviota albolineata Jewett & Lachner, 1983
Eviota latifasciata Jewett & Lachner, 1983
Eviota natalis Allen, 2007
Eviota prasina (Klunzinger, 1871)
Eviota sp. 1
Eviota sp. 2
Eviota sp. 3
Fusigobius duospilus Hoese & Reader, 1985
Gobiodon citrinus (Rüppell, 1838)
Gobiodon okinawae Sawada, Arai & Abe, 1972
Gobiodon sp.
Istigobius decoratus (Herre, 1927)
Kelloggella cardinalis Jordan & Seale, 1906
Paragobiodon lacunicolos (Kendall & Goldsborough, 1911)
Pleurosicya mossambica Smith 1959
Priolepis cincta (Regan, 1908)
Priolepis semidoliata (Valenciennes, 1837)
Trimma emeryi Winterbottom, 1985
Trimma fasciatum Suzuki, Sakaue & Senou 2012
Trimma halonevum Winterbottom, 2000
Trimma macrophthalma (Tomiyama, 1936)
Trimma sheppardi Winterbottom, 1984
Trimma sp.
200
NR
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
NR
*
*
*
NR
*
*
GD
AB
Source
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
6
1
5
5
5
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
3
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
12
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
10
10
1
1
10
O,P
1
1
13
1
1
1
1
13
1
1
6
1
2
3
5
1
3
3
4
1
2
2
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
5
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
6
3
2
2
1
6
6
3
3
6
RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014
Family
Gobiidae
Gobiidae
Gobiidae
Microdesmidae
Microdesmidae
Microdesmidae
Microdesmidae
Microdesmidae
Microdesmidae
Microdesmidae
Ephippidae
Ephippidae
Siganidae
Zanclidae
Acanthuridae
Acanthuridae
Acanthuridae
Acanthuridae
Acanthuridae
Acanthuridae
Acanthuridae
Acanthuridae
Acanthuridae
Acanthuridae
Acanthuridae
Acanthuridae
Acanthuridae
Acanthuridae
Acanthuridae
Acanthuridae
Acanthuridae
Acanthuridae
Acanthuridae
Acanthuridae
Acanthuridae
Acanthuridae
Acanthuridae
Acanthuridae
Acanthuridae
Acanthuridae
Acanthuridae
Acanthuridae
Acanthuridae
Acanthuridae
Acanthuridae
Acanthuridae
Acanthuridae
Acanthuridae
Acanthuridae
Acanthuridae
Acanthuridae
Sphyraenidae
Sphyraenidae
Gempylidae
Gempylidae
Gempylidae
Scombridae
Scombridae
Scombridae
Genus/Species/Authority
CKI
Valenciennea helsdingenii (Bleeker, 1858)
Valenciennea sexguttata (Valenciennes, 1837)
Valenciennea strigata (Broussonet, 1782)
Gunnellichthys monostigma Smith, 1958
Nemateleotris decora Randall & Allen, 1973
Nemateleotris magniica Fowler, 1938
Ptereleotris evides (Jordan & Hubbs, 1925)
Ptereleotris heteroptera (Bleeker, 1855)
Ptereleotris microlepis (Bleeker, 1856)
Ptereleotris zebra (Fowler, 1938)
Platax orbicularis (Forsskål, 1775)
Platax teira (Forsskål, 1775)
Siganus corallinus (Valenciennes, 1835)
Zanclus cornutus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Acanthurus bariene Lesson, 1831
Acanthurus blochii Valenciennes, 1835
Acanthurus dussumieri Valenciennes, 1835
Acanthurus guttatus Forster, 1801
Acanthurus leucocheilus Herre, 1927
Acanthurus leucosternon Bennett, 1833
Acanthurus lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Acanthurus maculiceps (Ahl, 1923)
Acanthurus mata (Cuvier, 1829)
Acanthurus nigricans (Linnaeus, 1758)
Acanthurus nigricauda Duncker & Mohr, 1929
Acanthurus nigrofuscus (Forsskål, 1775)
Acanthurus nigroris Valenciennes, 1835
Acanthurus olivaceus Bloch & Schneider, 1801
Acanthurus pyroferus Kittlitz, 1834
Acanthurus tennentii Günther, 1861
Acanthurus thompsoni (Fowler, 1923)
Acanthurus triostegus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Acanthurus tristis Randall, 1993
Acanthurus xanthopterus Valenciennes, 1835
Ctenochaetus striatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825)
Ctenochaetus truncatus Randall & Clements, 2001
Naso annulatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825)
Naso brachycentron (Valenciennes, 1835)
Naso brevirostris (Cuvier, 1829)
Naso caesius Randall & Bell, 1992
Naso elegans (Rüppell, 1829)
Naso hexacanthus (Bleeker, 1855)
Naso lituratus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Naso minor (Smith, 1966)
Naso tonganus (Valenciennes, 1835)
Naso unicornis (Forsskål, 1775)
Naso vlamingii (Valenciennes, 1835)
Paracanthurus hepatus (Linnaeus, 1766)
Zebrasoma desjardinii (Bennett, 1836)
Zebrasoma scopas (Cuvier, 1829)
Zebrasoma veliferum (Bloch, 1795)
Sphyraena barracuda (Edwards, 1771)
Sphyraena lavicauda Rüppell, 1838
Neoepinnula orientalis (Gilchrist & von Bonde, 1924)
Promethichthys prometheus (Cuvier, 1832)
Ruvettus pretiosus Cocco, 1829
Acanthocybium solandri (Cuvier, 1832)
Euthynnus afinis (Cantor, 1850)
Gymnosarda unicolor (Rüppell, 1836)
201
NR
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
NR
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
NR
NR
*
*
*
NR
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
NR
*
*
*
NR
GD
AB
Source
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
1
3
1
1
3
1
1
1
2
3
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
2
4
1
1
4
4
4
1
1
4
5
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
O
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
O
O,P
1
2
1
1
1
O,P
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
P
1
P
1
1
1
4
5
3
5
5
5
3
5
6
1
2
3
5
4
5
2
1
3
1
3
3
6
3
3
5
1
1
3
3
1
1
6
6
4
2
2
2
1
6
5
3
3
6
6
1
5
3
5
4
Hobbs et al.: Fishes of Christmas Island
Family
Scombridae
Scombridae
Istiophoridae
Istiophoridae
Istiophoridae
Istiophoridae
Bothidae
Bothidae
Samaridae
Soleidae
Balistidae
Balistidae
Balistidae
Balistidae
Balistidae
Balistidae
Balistidae
Balistidae
Balistidae
Balistidae
Balistidae
Balistidae
Balistidae
Monacanthidae
Monacanthidae
Monacanthidae
Monacanthidae
Monacanthidae
Monacanthidae
Monacanthidae
Ostraciidae
Ostraciidae
Ostraciidae
Tetraodontidae
Tetraodontidae
Tetraodontidae
Tetraodontidae
Tetraodontidae
Tetraodontidae
Tetraodontidae
Tetraodontidae
Tetraodontidae
Tetraodontidae
Diodontidae
Diodontidae
Molidae
Genus/Species/Authority
CKI
Katsuwonus pelamis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterre, 1788)
Istiompax indica (Cuvier, 1832)
Istiophorus platypterus (Shaw & Nodder, 1792)
Makaira mazara (Jordan & Snyder, 1901)
Kajikia audax (Philippi, 1887)
Bothus mancus (Broussonet, 1782)
Bothus pantherinus (Rüppell, 1830)
Samariscus triocellatus Woods, 1966
Aseraggodes crypticus Randall & Allen, 2007
Balistapus undulatus (Park, 1797)
Balistoides conspicillum (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Balistoides viridescens (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Melichthys indicus Randall & Klausewitz, 1973
Melichthys niger (Bloch, 1786)
Melichthys vidua (Richardson, 1845)
Odonus niger (Rüppell, 1837)
Pseudobalistes lavimarginatus (Rüppell, 1829)
Rhinecanthus rectangulus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Suflamen bursa (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Suflamen chrysopterum (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Xanthichthys auromarginatus (Bennett, 1832)
Xanthichthys caeruleolineatus Randall, Matsuura & Zama, 1978
Aluterus scriptus (Osbeck, 1765)
Amanses scopas (Cuvier, 1829)
Cantherhines dumerilii (Hollard, 1854)
Cantherhines pardalis (Rüppell, 1837)
Oxymonacanthus longirostris (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Paraluteres prionurus (Bleeker, 1851)
Pervagor aspricaudus (Hollard, 1854)
Ostracion cubicus Linnaeus, 1758
Ostracion meleagris Shaw, 1796
Ostracion solorensis Bleeker, 1853
Arothron hispidus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Arothron meleagris (Lacépède, 1798)
Arothron nigropunctatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Arothron stellatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Canthigaster amboinensis (Bleeker, 1864)
Canthigaster bennetti (Bleeker, 1854)
Canthigaster epilampra (Jenkins, 1903)
Canthigaster janthinoptera (Bleeker, 1855)
Canthigaster leoparda Lubbock & Allen, 1979
Canthigaster valentini (Bleeker, 1853)
Diodon hystrix Linnaeus, 1758
Diodon liturosus Shaw, 1804
Mola mola (Linnaeus, 1758)
202
*
*
*
NR
NR
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
NR
GD
4
4
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
6
1
1
1
3
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
4
1
4
AB
2
6
3
3
1
2
2
2
2
1
6
5
3
1
1
6
6
5
4
6
6
6
3
2
6
5
5
6
5
6
6
6
6
6
Source
1
1
P
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
O
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2