Onagraceae
Ludwigia
Ludwigia octovalvis

Ludwigia octovalvis subsp. octovalvis

This subspecies is accepted
The native range of this subspecies is Tropical & Subtropical America. It is a semiaquatic subshrub and grows primarily in the seasonally dry tropical biome.

Distribution

Native to:

Alabama, Argentina Northeast, Bahamas, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, Cayman Is., Chile North, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Florida, French Guiana, Georgia, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Leeward Is., Louisiana, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Mississippi, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, North Carolina, Panamá, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, South Carolina, Suriname, Texas, Trinidad-Tobago, Venezuela, Venezuelan Antilles, Windward Is.

Introduced into:

Andaman Is., Angola, Assam, Bangladesh, Botswana, Burundi, Cabinda, Cambodia, Cape Provinces, Central African Repu, Congo, Cook Is., East Himalaya, Fiji, Gabon, Gilbert Is., Gulf of Guinea Is., Hawaii, India, KwaZulu-Natal, Laos, Line Is., Malawi, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Nicobar Is., Northern Provinces, Ogasawara-shoto, Samoa, Sri Lanka, Swaziland, Tanzania, Thailand, Tokelau-Manihiki, Tonga, Tuamotu, Tubuai Is., Tuvalu, Vietnam, Wallis-Futuna Is., West Himalaya, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe

Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Govaerts, R., Nic Lughadha, E., Black, N., Turner, R. & Paton, A. (2021). The World Checklist of Vascular Plants, a continuously updated resource for exploring global plant diversity. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021-00997-6. Scientific Data 8: 215.
  • Mao, A.A. & Dash, S.S. (2020). Flowering Plants of India an Annotated Checklist (Dicotyledons) 1: 1-970. Botanical Survey of India.

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Banks, R.C. (ed.) (1982). Wildlife and wildlife habitat of American Samoa 2: 1-151. U.S. Fisch and Wildlife services, Washington.
  • Barua, I.C. (2010). The genus Ludwigia (Onagraceae) in India. Rheedea 20: 59-70.
  • Boggan, J. Funck, V. & Kelloff, C. (1997). Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, Franch Guiana) ed. 2: 1-238. University of Guyana, Georgetown.
  • Boulvert, Y. (1977). Catalogue de la Flore de Centrafrique 2(1): 1-85. ORSTROM, Bangui.
  • Choudhary, R.K., Srivastava, R.C., Das, A.K. & Lee, J. (2012). Floristic diversity assessment and vegetation analysis of Upper Siang district of eastern Himalaya in North East India. Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy 42: 222-246.
  • Correa A., Mireya D. Galdames, Carmen Correa A., M. D., C. Galdames & M. S. de Stapf (2004). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares de Panamá: 1-599. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute.
  • Cumana Campos, L.J. (2010). Clave para especies de Ludwigia L. (Onagraceae) de la región nor-oriental e insular de Venezuela depositadas en el herbario IRBR. Acta botanica Venezuelica 33: 299-327.
  • Dassanayake (ed.) (1995). A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon 9: 1-482. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. PVT. LTD., New Delhi, Calcutta.
  • Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Figueiredo, E., Paiva, J., Stévart, T., Oliveira, F. & Smith, G.F. (2011). Annotated catalogue of the flowering plants of São Tomé and Príncipe. Bothalia, A Journal of Botanical Research 41: 41-82.
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2021). Flora of North America North of Mexico 10: 1-456. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
  • Forzza, R.C., Zappi, D. & Souza, V.C. (2016-continuously updated). Flora do Brasil 2020 em construção http://reflora.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/listaBrasil/ConsultaPublicaUC/ResultadoDaConsultaNovaConsulta.do.
  • Fosberg, F.R. & Sachet, M.-H. (1987). Flora of the Gilbert Island, Kiribati, Checklist. Atoll Research Bulletin 295: 1-33.
  • Fosberg, F.R. (1975). Vascular plants of Aitutaki. Atoll Research Bulletin 190: 73-84.
  • GBIF (2008-2020). Global Biodiversity Information Facility http://www.gbif.org/.
  • Garcia-Mendoza, A.J. & Meave, J.A. (eds.) (2012). Diversidad florística de Oaxaca: de musgos a angiospermas (colecciones y listas de especies), ed. 2: 1-351. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
  • Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14: 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Goodwin, Z.A. & al. (2013). A checklist of the vascular plants of the lowland savannas of Belize, Central America. Phytotaxa 101: 1-119.
  • Greuter, W. & al. (eds.) (2021). Flora de la republica de Cuba : Serie A, Plantas vasculares 26: 1-166.
  • Hallé, N. (1980). Les Orchidees de Tubuai (archipel des Australes, Sud Polynesie), suivies d'un catalogue des plantes a fleurs et fougeres des iles Australes. Cahiers de l'Indo-Pacifique 2(3): 69-130.
  • Hammel, B.E. & al. (eds.) (2007). Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica, volumen VI, Dicotyledóneas (Haloragaceae-Phytolaccaceae). Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 111: 1-933. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Hara, H., Stearn, W.T. & Williams, H.J. (1979). An Enumeration of the Flowering Plants of Nepal 2: 1-220. Trustees of British Museum, London.
  • Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.
  • Jørgensen, P.M., Nee, M.H. & Beck., S.G. (eds.) (2013). Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127: 1-1741. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Kobayashi, S. & Ono, M. (1987). A Revised List of Vascular Plants Indigenous and Introduced to the Bonin (Ogasawara) and the Volcano (Kazan) Islands. Ogasawara Research 13: 1-55.
  • Kral, R., Diamond, A.R., Ginzbarg, S.L., Hansen, C.J., Haynes, R.R., Keener, B.R., Lelong, M.G., Spaulding, D.D. & Woods, M. (2011). Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Alabama: 1-112. Botanical reseach institute of Texas.
  • Kumar, S. (2012). Herbaceous flora of Jaunsar-Bawar (Uttarkhand), India: enumerations. Phytotaxonomy 12: 33-56.
  • Launert, E. (ed.) (1978). Flora Zambesiaca 4: 1-658. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Lejoy, J., Ndjele, M.-B. & Geerinck, D. (2010). Catalogue-flore des plantes vasculaires des districts de Kisangani et de la Tshopo (RD Congo). Taxonomania 30: 1-307.
  • Lewalle, J. (1970). Liste floristique et répartition altitudinale de la flore du Burundi occidental: 1-84. Université officielle de Bujumbura.
  • López Patiño, E.J., Szeszko, D.R., Rascala Pérez, J. & Beltrán Retis, A.S. (2012). The flora of the Tenacingo-Malinalco-Zumpahuacán protected natural area, state of Mexico, Mexico. Harvard Papers in Botany 17: 65-167.
  • Morat, P. & Veillon, J.-M. (1985). Contributions à la conaissance de la végétation et de la flore de Wallis et Futuna. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Section B, Adansonia 7: 259-329.
  • Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
  • Pandey, R.P. & Dilwakar, P.G. (2008). An integrated check-list flora of Andaman and Nicobar islands, India. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 32: 403-500.
  • Pandey, R.P. (2009). Floristic diversity of Ferrargunj forest area in South Andaman. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 33: 747-768.
  • Parham, B.E.V. (1971). The Vegetation of the Tokelau Islands with special reference to the plants of Nukunonu Atoll. New Zealand Journal of Botany 9: 576-609.
  • Pasha, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
  • Pérez-Farrera, M.Á., Martínez-Camilo, R., Martínez-Meléndez, N., Farrera-Sarmiento, O. & Maza-Villalobos, S. (2012). Listado florístico del Cerro Quetzal (Polígono III) de la reserva de la biosfera El Triunfo, Chiapas, México. Botanical Sciences 90: 113-142.
  • Santisuk, T. & Balslev, H. (eds.) (2014). Flora of Thailand 11(4): 499-666. The Forest Herbarium, Royal Forest Department.
  • Sita, P. & Moutsambote, J.-M. (2005). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Congo, ed. sept. 2005: 1-158. ORSTOM, Centre de Brazzaville.
  • Smith, A.C. (1985). Flora Vitiensis Nova. A new flora for Fiji (Spermatophytes only) 3: 1-758. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai.
  • Sosef, M.S.M. & al. (2006). Check-list des plantes vasculaires du Gabon. Scripta Botanica Belgica 35: 1-438.
  • St. John, H. (1988). Census of the Flora of the Gambier islands, Polynesia. Pacific Plant Studies 43: 1-34.
  • Stevens, W.D., Ulloa U., C., Pool, A. & Montiel, O.M. (2001). Flora de Nicaragua. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 85: i-xlii, 1-2666. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Sykes, W.R. (2016). Flora of the Cook Islands: 1-973. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Hawaii.
  • Thaman, R.R., Fosberg, F.R., Manner, H.I. & Hassall, D.C. (1994). The Flora of Nauru. Atoll Research Bulletin 392: 1-223.
  • USDA, NRCS ( 2021-continuously updated). Natural Resources Conservation Services Plant Database http://plants.usda.gov/cgi_bin/topics.cgi?earl=checklist.html.
  • Villaseñor, J.L. (2016). Checklist of the native vascular plants of Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 87: 559-902.
  • Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R. & Sohmer, S.H. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i, rev. ed., 2: 989-1918. University of Hawai'i Press, Bishop Museum Press.
  • Wester, L. (1985). Checklist of the vascular plants of the Northern Line Islands. Atoll Research Bulletin 287: 1-38.
  • Woodroffe, C.D. (1985). Vegetation and flora of Nui Atoll, Tuvalu. Atoll Research Bulletin 283: 1-18.
  • Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • de Moura Júnior, E.G. & al. (2015). Updated checklist of aquatic macrophytes from Northern Brazil. Acta Amazonica 45: 111-132.
  • van Proosdij, A.S.J. (2012). Arnoldo's Zakflora, ed. 4: 1-318. Walburg Pers, Zutphen.

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 6332] Burma Jussiaea decumbens K001123587 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6334] Jussiaea suffruticosa K001123603 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6334] Jussiaea suffruticosa K001123602 Unknown Type Material Yes
Bruce, H. [Cat. no. 6334] Bangladesh Jussiaea suffruticosa K001123606 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6334] Jussiaea suffruticosa K001123605 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6334] Jussiaea suffruticosa K001123604 Unknown Type Material Yes
Wiggins, I.L. [14655] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855037 Yes
[Surray] [s.n.] Dominica Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855316 Yes
Hinton, G.B. [3558] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855063 Yes
Heyde; Lux [s.n.] Guatemala Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855108 Yes
Estrada, A.; Chacon, R.; Rodriguez, A. [2612] Costa Rica Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855027 Yes
Smith, J.D. [s.n.] Guatemala Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855035 Yes
Hinton, G.B.; et al. [10029] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855042 Yes
Tate, R. [86(17)] Nicaragua Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855031 Yes
s.coll. [346] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855096 Yes
Campbell, E.J.F. [s.n.] Belize Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855110 Yes
Gentry, H.S. [2625] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855077 Yes
s.coll. [9] Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855106 Yes
Hinton, G.B.; et al. [10603] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855039 Yes
Hinton, G.B.; et al. [10565] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855043 Yes
Cornejo Tenorio, G. [2347] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855051 Yes
Pelly, R.S. [20] Belize Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855114 Yes
Hinton, G.B.; et al. [9207] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855068 Yes
Schipp, W.A. [813] Belize Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855109 Yes
Thieme, C. [s.n.] Honduras Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855099 Yes
Bernoulli; Cario [2811] Guatemala Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855030 Yes
Martinez S., E.; Calónico S, J.; Alvarez, D. [35232] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855050 Yes
Sintenis, P. [6633] Puerto Rico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855315 Yes
Palmer, E. (Dr.) [257] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855070 Yes
Bernoulli, G. [585] Guatemala Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855101 Yes
Hinton, G.B. [1171] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855085 Yes
Pringle, C.G. [s.n.] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855076 Yes
Bourgeau, E. [2047] Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855103 Yes
Fryxell, P.A. [3713] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855055 Yes
Skutch, A.F. [4156] Costa Rica Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855104 Yes
Yuncker, T.G.; Koepper, J.M.; Wagner, K.A. [8252] Honduras Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855081 Yes
Hinton, G.B. [1171] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855086 Yes
Lloyd, F.E. [220] Dominica Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855317 Yes
Hinton, G.B. [5103] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855080 Yes
Bernoulli; Cario [2814] Guatemala Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855029 Yes
Hinton, G.B.; et al. [13143] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855065 Yes
Hinton, G.B.; et al. [13143] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855066 Yes
Hinton, G.B. [1522] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855087 Yes
Yuncker, T.G.; Dawson, R.F.; Youse, H.R. [5590] Honduras Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855023 Yes
Mayer, S. [329] Panama Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855098 Yes
Menéndez, L.; et al. [238] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855054 Yes
Hinton, G.B. [1027] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855067 Yes
Gourlay, W.B. [59] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855090 Yes
Gentry, H.S. [4351] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855032 Yes
s.coll. [900] Jamaica Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855320 Yes
Estrada, A.; Chacon, R.; Lobo, S.; Otros [2719] Costa Rica Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855025 Yes
Andrieux, G. [388] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855094 Yes
Hinton, G.B.; et al. [12529] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855089 Yes
s.coll. [9] Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855107 Yes
Eyerdam, W.J.; Beetle, A.A. [8721] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855033 Yes
s.coll. [346] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855071 Yes
Wilson, P. [8299] Bahamas, The Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855319 Yes
Hinton, G.B. [1534] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855083 Yes
Leonard, E.C.; Leonard, G.M. [14206] Haiti Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855312 Yes
Ekman, E.L. [s.n.] Dominican Republic Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855313 Yes
Barnes, C.R.; Land, W.J.G. [636] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855034 Yes
Schaffner, J.G. [174] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K001665976 Yes
de Linden, J. [636] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855078 Yes
Bilimek [158] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855074 Yes
Orcutt, C.R. [4252] Jamaica Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855321 Yes
Gaumer [s.n.] Honduras Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855112 Yes
Bernoulli; Cario [2813] Guatemala Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855028 Yes
Bourgeau, E. [1173] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855105 Yes
Hinton, G.B. [3558] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855064 Yes
Orcutt, C.R. [s.n.] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855072 Yes
Bernoulli; Cario [2795] Guatemala Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855100 Yes
Hinton, G.B. [449] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855084 Yes
Botteri [747] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855058 Yes
Toribio, M.M.; Guzmán, X.; Nungaray, G. [94] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855047 Yes
Palmer, E. [213] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855073 Yes
Anthony, A.W. [427] Costa Rica Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855092 Yes
Matuda, E. [17202] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855026 Yes
s.coll. [895] Jamaica Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855314 Yes
s.coll. [46] Dominica Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855322 Yes
Harting [9] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855093 Yes
Hinton, G.B. [12529] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855040 Yes
Beechey [s.n.] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855069 Yes
Hinton, G.B. [9683] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855053 Yes
Tate, R. [87] Nicaragua Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855111 Yes
Tenorio L, P.; Hernández S, L.; Romero de T, C. [1259] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855056 Yes
Britton, N.L.; Brace, L.J.K. [498] Bahamas, The Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855318 Yes
Alcázar, E. [69] Costa Rica Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855024 Yes
s.coll. [115] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855102 Yes
Mueller, F.; [Meisuen] [995] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855059 Yes
Gaumer, G.F. [155] Honduras Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855113 Yes
Palmer, E. [1217] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855079 Yes
Bourgeau, M. [1880] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855060 Yes
Hartwig [9] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855091 Yes
Gaumer, G.F. [31] Honduras Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855097 Yes
Hinton, G.B.; et al. [5636] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855088 Yes
Hinton, G.B.; et al. [5551] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855061 Yes
Hinton, G.B. [10603] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855041 Yes
s.coll. [631] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855095 Yes
Lyonnet, E. [352] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855082 Yes
Coulter, T. [181] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855075 Yes
Hinton, G.B. [9832] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855038 Yes
Hinton, G.B. [5551] Mexico Ludwigia suffruticosa K003855062 Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6333] India Jussiaea exaltata K001123591 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6333] India Jussiaea exaltata K001123592 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6333] Jussiaea exaltata K001123595 Unknown Type Material Yes
De Silva, F. [Cat. no. 6333] Jussiaea exaltata K001123597 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6333] India Jussiaea exaltata K001123590 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6333] India Jussiaea exaltata K001123589 Unknown Type Material Yes
De Silva, F. [Cat. no. 6333] Jussiaea exaltata K001123598 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6333] Jussiaea exaltata K001123588 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6333] India Jussiaea exaltata K001123869 Unknown Type Material Yes
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 6333] Burma Jussiaea exaltata K001123600 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6333] Jussiaea exaltata K001123594 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6333] Jussiaea exaltata K001123601 Unknown Type Material Yes
s.coll. [Cat. no. 6333] Jussiaea exaltata K001123596 Unknown Type Material Yes
Wallich, N. [Cat. no. 6333] Burma Jussiaea exaltata K001123599 Unknown Type Material Yes
Porter, G. [Cat. no. 6333] Malaysia Jussiaea exaltata K001123593 Unknown Type Material Yes

Sources

  • Flora of Tropical East Africa

    • Flora of Tropical East Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images

  • Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0