Code
ABUIN
Growth form
Broadleaf
Biological cycle
AnnualHabitat
Terrestrial
🗒 Synonyms
| synonym | Abutilon albidum (Willd.) Sweet |
| synonym | Abutilon album Hill [Invalid] |
| synonym | Abutilon arborescens Medik. |
| synonym | Abutilon asiaticum (L.) Sweet |
| synonym | Abutilon asiaticum var. subasperum Fosberg |
| synonym | Abutilon asiaticum var. supraviride Fosberg |
| synonym | Abutilon australe var. malvifolium (Benth.) Baker f. |
| synonym | Abutilon cavaleriei H.Lév. |
| synonym | Abutilon croizatianum Moscoso |
| synonym | Abutilon cunninghamii Benth. |
| synonym | Abutilon cysticarpum Hance ex Walp. |
| synonym | Abutilon elongatum Moench [Illegitimate] |
| synonym | Abutilon frutescens Medik. |
| synonym | Abutilon grandiflorum G.Don |
| synonym | Abutilon grandiflorum var. iringense Verdc. |
| synonym | Abutilon hirsutissimum Moench [Illegitimate] |
| synonym | Abutilon indicum var. albidum (Willd.) Baker f. |
| synonym | Abutilon indicum var. asiaticum (L.) Griseb. |
| synonym | Abutilon indicum var. indicum |
| synonym | Abutilon indicum var. microphyllum Hochr. |
| synonym | Abutilon indicum var. populifolium (Lam.) Wight & Arn. ex Mast |
| synonym | Abutilon indicum var. welwitschii Baker f. |
| synonym | Abutilon leiospermum Griseb. |
| synonym | Abutilon malvifolium (Benth.) J.M.Black |
| synonym | Abutilon oxycarpum var. malvifolium Benth. |
| synonym | Abutilon populifolium (Lam.) Sweet |
| synonym | Abutilon pubescens (Cav.) Urb. [Illegitimate] |
| synonym | Abutilon subpapyraceum Hochr. |
| synonym | Abutilon vesicarium (Cav.) Sweet |
| synonym | Beloere cistiflora Shuttlew. ex A.Gray |
| synonym | Sida albida Willd. |
| synonym | Sida asiatica L. |
| synonym | Sida beloere L'Hér. |
| synonym | Sida coronata Scop. |
| synonym | Sida doniana D.Dietr. |
| synonym | Sida eteromischos Cav. |
| synonym | Sida guilleminiana Steud. |
| synonym | Sida hookeri D.Dietr. |
| synonym | Sida indica L. |
| synonym | Sida meridionalis Salisb. |
| synonym | Sida polycarpa D.Dietr. |
| synonym | Sida populifolia Lam. |
| synonym | Sida pubescens Cav. |
| synonym | Sida vesicaria Cav. |
🗒 Common Names
| Comorian |
|
| Creoles and pidgins; French-based |
|
| English |
|
| Malagasy |
|
| Other |
|
| Spanish; Castilian |
|
📚 Overview
Description
Global description
Abutilon indicum is an erect herbaceous or sub-woody plant, with sub-cylindrical, densely pubescent or hirsute stem, reaching 1.2 m high. The leaves are large, ovate, heart-shaped at the base, irregularly serrated, very densely pubescent. The flowers, yellow in color, are found at the base of the leaves and are long-stalked. The truncated globular fruits are extremely hairy and shaggy , separating in several parts, having the shapes of orange wedges when dried.
Cotyledons
The cotyledons are held by a petiole, 8 to 10 mm long, with oval, cordate blade, 7 to 9 mm long and 6 to 8 mm wide, light green to yellowish green in colour.
First leaves
The first leaves are simple, alternate, held by a long petiole, 1.5 to 2.5 cm. The lamina is ovate, cordate, 8 to 12 mm long and 8 to 12 mm wide, with serrated margin and pale green in colour.
Growth habit
Erect, branched, sub-woody plant, reaching 1.2 m in height.
Underground system
It has a taproot system.
Stem
The stem is erect, subcylindrical, full, more or less woody at the base, branched, densely hairy, shaggy with short stellate and long spreading hairs.
Leaves
The leaves are simple, alternate, held by a petiole, 5 to 12 cm long. The leaf lamina is more or less big, largely ovate in shape, cordate at the base, 4 to 10 cm long and wide. The margin is irregularly serrated or crenated. The lamina has 7-9 palmate veins at the base. The upper side is pale green, the underside gray. Both sides are covered with fine velvety pubescent short stellate hairs.
Inflorescence
The solitary flowers are axillary, with long peduncle (5-7 cm) articulating at 3-10 mm near the top, reaching or exceeding the petioles.
Flower
The cup-shaped calyx is pubescent and velvety, with 5 sepals fused up to at least half their length, ending in a sharp point often mucronated and surrounding the fruit or even exceeding it. The corolla is yellow, consisting of 5 rounded petals, wide enough and exceeding the calyx. The numerous stamens are fused into a staminal column, shorter than the corolla.
Fruit
The fruit is a truncated globular capsule, 15 mm in diameter, consisting of nearly 20 mericarps having a flattened orange wedge shape, 13 to 15 mm long and 3 - 4 mm wide, straw-colored with pointed top . The faces are strongly pubescent with long stellate hairs. The mericarps containing 3 seeds, split open at maturity during dissemination.
Seed
The seed is reniform, 2 mm long; testa is black and is finely spotted.
Abutilon indicum is an erect herbaceous or sub-woody plant, with sub-cylindrical, densely pubescent or hirsute stem, reaching 1.2 m high. The leaves are large, ovate, heart-shaped at the base, irregularly serrated, very densely pubescent. The flowers, yellow in color, are found at the base of the leaves and are long-stalked. The truncated globular fruits are extremely hairy and shaggy , separating in several parts, having the shapes of orange wedges when dried.
Cotyledons
The cotyledons are held by a petiole, 8 to 10 mm long, with oval, cordate blade, 7 to 9 mm long and 6 to 8 mm wide, light green to yellowish green in colour.
First leaves
The first leaves are simple, alternate, held by a long petiole, 1.5 to 2.5 cm. The lamina is ovate, cordate, 8 to 12 mm long and 8 to 12 mm wide, with serrated margin and pale green in colour.
Growth habit
Erect, branched, sub-woody plant, reaching 1.2 m in height.
Underground system
It has a taproot system.
Stem
The stem is erect, subcylindrical, full, more or less woody at the base, branched, densely hairy, shaggy with short stellate and long spreading hairs.
Leaves
The leaves are simple, alternate, held by a petiole, 5 to 12 cm long. The leaf lamina is more or less big, largely ovate in shape, cordate at the base, 4 to 10 cm long and wide. The margin is irregularly serrated or crenated. The lamina has 7-9 palmate veins at the base. The upper side is pale green, the underside gray. Both sides are covered with fine velvety pubescent short stellate hairs.
Inflorescence
The solitary flowers are axillary, with long peduncle (5-7 cm) articulating at 3-10 mm near the top, reaching or exceeding the petioles.
Flower
The cup-shaped calyx is pubescent and velvety, with 5 sepals fused up to at least half their length, ending in a sharp point often mucronated and surrounding the fruit or even exceeding it. The corolla is yellow, consisting of 5 rounded petals, wide enough and exceeding the calyx. The numerous stamens are fused into a staminal column, shorter than the corolla.
Fruit
The fruit is a truncated globular capsule, 15 mm in diameter, consisting of nearly 20 mericarps having a flattened orange wedge shape, 13 to 15 mm long and 3 - 4 mm wide, straw-colored with pointed top . The faces are strongly pubescent with long stellate hairs. The mericarps containing 3 seeds, split open at maturity during dissemination.
Seed
The seed is reniform, 2 mm long; testa is black and is finely spotted.
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
No Data
📚 Nomenclature and Classification
No Data
📚 Natural History
Life Cycle
Life cycle
Annual
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
Mayotte: Abutilon indicum flowers from January to October and fruits from March to December.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Reproduction
Abutilon indicum is an annual herbaceous plant that propagates by seeds. It can behave as a perennial plant. It can flower and produce fruit throughout the year, especially during the dry season.
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
Morphology
Growth form
Erected
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf type
Simple
Type of prefoliation
Leaf ratio medium
Broad leaves
Latex
Without latex
Stem section
Round
Root type
Taproot
Hollow or solid stem
Solid stem
Stipule type
No stipule
Leaf attachment type
with petiole
Fruit type
Capsule mericarp
Lamina base
cordate
Lamina margin
largely dentate
dentate-crenate
Lamina apex
acute
acuminate
Upperface pilosity
Dense hairy
Upperface hair type
Stellate
Lowerface pilosity
Dense hairy
Lowerface hair type
Stellate
Simple leaf type
Lamina elliptic
Lamina section
flat
embossed
Lamina Veination
3 opposite at the basis
Flower color
Yellow
Inflorescence type
Raceme
Axillary solitary flower
Stem pilosity
Dense hairy
Stem hair type
Stellate
Life form
Broadleaf plant
Ecology
Comoros: Abutilon indicum is cultivated around houses for its ornamental qualities. This is mainly a plant of coastal area up to medium altitude, on basaltic soil more or less clay.
Madagascar: A. indicum is a common weed of dry crops in the South-Western plains (semi-arid zone), in fallow lands, on field borders, along roads and canals. It is particularly abundant in depressions with black vertic soils and in alluvial plains.
Mauritius: Species very rare on the island.
Mayotte: Abutilon indicum is an exotic species widely naturalized in clear undergrowth and at the edge of secondarized xerophilous forest. It is present on the points and the islets, and in Petite-Terre.
Reunion: Plant of dry coastal areas of the island. Mainly between Saint Denis and l'Hermitage.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
No Data
📚 Habitat and Distribution
General Habitat
Habitat
Terrestrial
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
Geographical distribution
Abutilon indicum is a species widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, common in Asia, Africa and Indonesia. It was introduced in South America and Caribbean.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Description
Geographical distibution
Madagascar
Comoros
No Data
📚 Occurrence
No Data
📚 Demography and Conservation
Risk Statement
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
Local harmfulness
Comoros: weed in fallow plots and cassava and banana.
Madagascar: A. indicum is a species whose overall occurrence is quite low but is locally troublesome particularly in cotton fields. It can be abundant on the edge of canals and drains.
Mauritius: present but not a weed in crops
Reunion: present but not a weed in crops
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Threats
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
Madagascar: A. indicum as a host plant and a permanent reservoir for Earias insulana, a major cotton pests in this region of Madagascar.
Azaad Gaungoo
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
📚 Uses and Management
📚 Information Listing
Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
References
- Fournet, J. (2002). Flore illustrée des phanérogames de Guadeloupe et de Martinique. Montpellier, France, Cirad, Gondwana éditions.
- Bosser, J., I. K. Fergusson and C. Soopramanien (Mult. an.). Flore des Mascareignes. La Réunion, Maurice, Rodrigues, MSIRI, IRD, Kew.
- Le Bourgeois, T., A. Carrara, M. Dodet, W. Dogley, A. Gaungoo, P. Grard, Y. Ibrahim, E. Jeuffrault, G. Lebreton, P. Poilecot, J. Prosperi, J. A. Randriamampianina, A. P. Andrianaivo and F. Théveny (2008). Advent-OI : Principales adventices des îles du sud-ouest de l'Océan Indien. Cédérom. Montpellier, France, Cirad ed.
- Barthelat, F. 2019. La Flore illustrée de Mayotte. Meze, Paris, France, Collection Inventaires et Biodiversité, Biotope – Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle. 487 p.
Information Listing > References
- Fournet, J. (2002). Flore illustrée des phanérogames de Guadeloupe et de Martinique. Montpellier, France, Cirad, Gondwana éditions.
- Bosser, J., I. K. Fergusson and C. Soopramanien (Mult. an.). Flore des Mascareignes. La Réunion, Maurice, Rodrigues, MSIRI, IRD, Kew.
- Le Bourgeois, T., A. Carrara, M. Dodet, W. Dogley, A. Gaungoo, P. Grard, Y. Ibrahim, E. Jeuffrault, G. Lebreton, P. Poilecot, J. Prosperi, J. A. Randriamampianina, A. P. Andrianaivo and F. Théveny (2008). Advent-OI : Principales adventices des îles du sud-ouest de l'Océan Indien. Cédérom. Montpellier, France, Cirad ed.
- Barthelat, F. 2019. La Flore illustrée de Mayotte. Meze, Paris, France, Collection Inventaires et Biodiversité, Biotope – Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle. 487 p.
Images
Herbarium pictures ReCOLNAT: https://explore.recolnat.org/search/botanique/simplequery=Abutilon%2520indicum
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
No Data
🐾 Taxonomy
| Root | Root |
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Tracheophyta |
| Class | Magnoliopsida |
| Order | Malvales |
| Family | Malvaceae |
| Genus | Abutilon |
| Species | Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet |
📊 Temporal Distribution
📷 Related Observations
