Tridax procumbens (coat buttons)
Identity
- Preferred Scientific Name
- Tridax procumbens Carl Linnaeus (1953)
- Preferred Common Name
- coat buttons
- International Common Names
- Chineseyu mang ju
- Englishtridaxtridax daisywild daisy
- Spanishhierba de San Juanmata gusano
- Local Common Names
- Brazilerva de touro
- Colombiacadillo chisaca
- Cubaromerillo de lomamanzanilla cimarrona
- Dominican Republicpiquant jambe
- El Salvadorhierba del toro
- Fijitumbualekavoti
- Ghanawhite-dirty cream
- GermanyDreibiss, Niederliegender
- Guatemalahierba del toro
- Haitipiquant jambepiquant jambe piedpiquant pied
- Hondurasaceitilla blancacuragusanohierba del toro
- Indiaakal kohadibisalyakarmighamramukkuthipoo
- Indonesiacemondelangletangangletanggobesankatumpanglondotanorang aring
- Japankotobukigiku
- Laosnya pa mo
- Madagascaranganiay
- Malaysiakanching baju
- Mauritiusherbe caille
- Mexicoflor amarillapanquicarosillaSan juan del monte
- Mozambiquenazopetemurre
- Myanmarmive sok ne-gyahmwezok-ne-gya
- Nepalhusure jhar
- Philippinesbutsao dagkobulak-manok
- Puerto Ricopanchahierba de San Juan del monte
- Sri Lankakurunegala daisy
- Thailandteen tuk kaetin tukkae
- Vietnamcuc-muithu-thao
- EPPO Code
- TRQPR (Tridax procumbens)
Pictures
Habit
Tridax procumbens (coat buttons); Habit. Thailand. March 2009.
©Siriporn Zungsontiporn
Seedhead
Tridax procumbens (coat buttons); Seedhead. Thailand. April 2006.
©Siriporn Zungsontiporn
Foliage
Tridax procumbens (coat buttons); Foliage. Marriott Boynton Beach, Florida, USA. September 2009.
©Forest and Kim Starr/via Starr Environmental - CC BY 2.0
Flower
Tridax procumbens (coat buttons); Flower. Marriott Boynton Beach, Florida, USA. September 2009.
©Forest and Kim Starr/via Starr Environmental - CC BY 2.0
Flowering habit
Tridax procumbens (coat buttons); Flowering habit. Saphale, India. September 2009.
©Dinesh Valke/via Flickr - CC BY-SA 2.0
Habit
Tridax procumbens (coat buttons); Flowering habit. Honokanaia, Kahoolawe, Hawaii. December 2009.
©Forest and Kim Starr/via Starr Environmental - CC BY 2.0
Foliage
Tridax procumbens (coat buttons); Foliage. New South Wales, Australia. January 2015.
©Harry Rose (Macleay Grass Man)/via Flickr - CC BY 2.0
Plant
Tridax procumbens (coat buttons); Plant base. New South Wales, Australia. January 2015.
©Harry Rose (Macleay Grass Man)/via Flickr - CC BY 2.0
Flowerhead
Tridax procumbens (coat buttons); Flowerhead. Lake Wales, Florida, USA. April 2012.
©Douglas Goldman/via Wikimedia Commons - CC BY-SA 4.0
Habit
Tridax procumbens (coat buttons); Habit. Patlipada, Thane, India. July 2011.
©Dinesh Valke/via Flickr - CC BY-SA 2.0
Seedhead
Tridax procumbens (coat buttons); Seedhead. Kottiyoor Reserve Forest, Kerala, India. May 2013.
©Vinayaraj/via Wikimedia Commons - CC BY-SA 3.0
Seedhead
Tridax procumbens (coat buttons); Seedhead. Lake Wales, Florida, USA. April 2012.
©Douglas Goldman/via Wikimedia Commons - CC BY-SA 4.0
Habit
Tridax procumbens (coat buttons); Flowering habit. Semarang, Indonesia. October 2020.
©Rohmat Subandriyo/via Wikimedia Commons - CC BY-SA 4.0
Flowerheads
Tridax procumbens (coat buttons); Flowerheads. Crocodile River, Mbombela, Mpumalanga, South Africa. May 2008.
©SAplants/via Wikimedia Commons - CC BY-SA 4.0
Flowerhead
Tridax procumbens (coat buttons); Flowerhead. Crocodile River, Mbombela, Mpumalanga, South Africa. May 2008.
©SAplants/via Wikimedia Commons - CC BY-SA 4.0
Foliage
Tridax procumbens (coat buttons); Foliage. South Beach Sand Island, Midway Atoll, Hawaii. June 2008.
©Forest and Kim Starr/via Starr Environmental - CC BY 2.0
Habit
Tridax procumbens (coat buttons); Habit. Marriott Boynton Beach, Florida, USA. September 2009.
©Forest and Kim Starr/via Starr Environmental - CC BY 2.0
Habit
T. procumbens plant.
©S.D. Sawant
Flower
Close-up of flowers and seed head.
©S.D. Sawant
Distribution
Host Plants and Other Plants Affected
| Host | Family | Host status | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Agave sisalana (sisal hemp) | Agavaceae | Main | |
| Anacardium occidentale (cashew nut) | Anacardiaceae | Other | Adeyemi (1989) |
| Ananas comosus (pineapple) | Bromeliaceae | Other | Holm et al. (1997) |
| Arachis hypogaea (groundnut) | Fabaceae | Main | Holm et al. (1997) |
| Camellia sinensis (tea) | Theaceae | Other | Holm et al. (1997) |
| Capsicum (peppers) | Solanaceae | Other | Holm et al. (1997) |
| Citrus | Other | Sidhu and Bir (1987), Olorunmaiye et al. (2011) | |
| Coffea arabica (arabica coffee) | Rubiaceae | Other | Holm et al. (1997) |
| Corchorus (jutes) | Tiliaceae | Main | Holm et al. (1997) |
| Dioscorea alata (white yam) | Dioscoreaceae | Other | Unamma and Melifonwu (1988) |
| Elaeis guineensis (African oil palm) | Arecaceae | Other | Holm et al. (1997) |
| Eriobotrya japonica (loquat) | Rosaceae | Other | Sidhu and Bir (1987) |
| Glycine max (soybean) | Fabaceae | Main | Holm et al. (1997) |
| Gossypium (cotton) | Malvaceae | Main | Solis and Cruz (1992), Waterhouse (1993), Holm et al. (1997) |
| Helianthus annuus (sunflower) | Asteraceae | Other | Theuri et al. (1987) |
| Hevea brasiliensis (rubber) | Euphorbiaceae | Other | Holm et al. (1997) |
| Hibiscus sabdariffa (Roselle) | Malvaceae | Other | Holm et al. (1997) |
| Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato) | Convolvulaceae | Other | Holm et al. (1997) |
| Mangifera indica (mango) | Anacardiaceae | Other | Sidhu and Bir (1987), Holm et al. (1997) |
| Manihot esculenta (cassava) | Euphorbiaceae | Main | Holm et al. (1997) |
| Morus alba (mora) | Moraceae | Unknown | Kirsur et al. (2014) |
| Morus nigra (black mulberry) | Moraceae | Other | Sridhara et al. (1995) |
| Musa (banana) | Musaceae | Other | Hennessy et al. (2005) |
| Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) | Solanaceae | Other | Holm et al. (1997) |
| Oryza (rice (generic level)) | Poaceae | Other | Soerjani et al. (1987), Holm et al. (1997) |
| Oryza sativa (rice) | Poaceae | Unknown | Oudhia (2001) |
| Persea americana (avocado) | Lauraceae | Other | Holm et al. (1997) |
| Phaseolus (beans) | Fabaceae | Other | Holm et al. (1997) |
| Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean) | Fabaceae | Unknown | Ngouajio et al. (1997) |
| Psidium guajava (guava) | Lithomyrtus | Other | Sidhu and Bir (1987) |
| Saccharum officinarum (sugarcane) | Poaceae | Main | Devi et al. (1993), Holm et al. (1997) |
| Sesamum indicum (sesame) | Pedaliaceae | Other | Holm et al. (1997) |
| Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) | Solanaceae | Other | Holm et al. (1997) |
| Sorghum bicolor (sorghum) | Poaceae | Main | Holm et al. (1997) |
| Theobroma cacao (cocoa) | Malvaceae | Other | Holm et al. (1997) |
| Triticum aestivum (wheat) | Poaceae | Main | Holm et al. (1997) |
| Vigna unguiculata (cowpea) | Fabaceae | Other | Holm et al. (1997) |
| Zea mays (maize) | Poaceae | Main | Holm et al. (1997) |
| Ziziphus mauritiana (jujube) | Rhamnaceae | Other | Sidhu and Bir (1987) |
Prevention and Control
Cultural Control
Tridax procumbens does not have the great powers of regeneration possessed by some other perennial Compositae and can be easily controlled by cultivation and hand pulling (Adams and Baker, 1962; Ivens, 1989).
Biological Control
Two pathogenic fungi, Phoma multirostrata and Colletotrichum siamense, have been explored as potential biocontrol agents for the management of T. procumbens in Thailand (Jongsareejit et al., 2020; Srisuksam et al., 2022). Both fungi are highly pathogenic in laboratory and greenhouse trials and have great potential for control of this weed. However, further studies, including specificity tests and field trials, are required before these pathogens can be used as bioherbicides.
Herbicides reported to give control of T. procumbens include ametryne, atrazine, 2,4-D and diuron (Terry, 1983), Avirosan (dimethametryn + piperophos) and oxadiazon in rice (Vernier, 1985), bromacil (Jayachandra and Menon, 1972), metobromuron + metolachlor in cowpea (Olifintoye and Adesiyun, 1989), MCPA and 2,4-D in sisal (Ivens, 1989) and oxyfluorfen in groundnut (Prasad et al., 1987).
In Australia, T. procumbens is often controlled with glyphosate, but some populations have developed resistance to this herbicide (Li et al., 2018). In Brazil, there are also reports of glyphosate-tolerant plants, in which the herbicide is not effectively translocated to the stems and roots. As a result, producers must mix glyphosate with other herbicides such as 2,4-D, metsulfuron-methyl, carfentrazone-ethyl and bentazon, which translates into higher production costs and increased adverse effects on humans and the environment (Galon et al., 2013). Imazethapyr and chlorimuron-ethyl are ineffective against this weed (Procópio et al., 2006).
Chemical Control
Due to the variable regulations around (de-)registration of pesticides, we are for the moment not including any specific chemical control recommendations. For further information, we recommend you visit the following resources:
•
EU pesticides database (https://food.ec.europa.eu/plants/pesticides/eu-pesticides-database_en)
•
PAN pesticide database (www.pesticideinfo.org)
•
Your national pesticide guide
Impact
Tridax procumbens has been recorded at densities as high as 340,000 plants/ha in cassava (Doll et al., 1977), and it is as a competitor with crops that this species has its most serious impact. However, though very common as a weed in East Africa, Ivens (1989) does not consider it to be a serious problem. In India, it can interfere with the harvesting of jute (Holm et al., 1997). Das and Pal (1970) have shown that T. procumbens has an allelopathic effect on rice. It is reported as a host to several crop pests, including root-knot nematodes in India (Upadhyay et al., 1977), an insect (Phalanta phalantha) which defoliates poplar trees in Nigeria (Akanbi, 1971), red spider mite (Tetranychus telarius [Tetranychus urticae]) in India (Choudhury and Mukherjee, 1971), Macrophomina phaseolina in India (Singh et al., 1990), sunflower yellow blotch umbravirus in Kenya (Theuri et al., 1987) and Aphis citricola, a vector of citrus cistreza closterovirus in India (Naidu, 1980). T. procumbens is also an alternate host to the parasitic weed Orobanche in India (Sen, 1981).
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Copyright © CABI. CABI is a registered EU trademark. This article is published under a Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
History
Published online: 21 March 2024
Language
English
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