Abstract
Experimental transmission patterns involved with the establishment of mange in dogs were studied to ascertain the effective means of infestation model for mange experiments in dogs. A total of eighteen (18) dogs were used out of which three (3) were naturally infested with Sarcoptes scabie var canis. Five (5) healthy dogs were co-mingled with the three (3) donor dogs for direct contact transmission. Another five (5) mange free dogs were aggregated in a kennel recently vacated by mange infested dogs for environmental and formite transmission while the last five (5) healthy dogs had scrapings from a proximate area of mange lesion sites transferred into the pinnae of each dog for experimental and indirect contact transmission. Successful mite transmission with associated clinical features of pruritus, alopecia, erythema, papules and crusts was achieved with co-mingling of mange naïve and mange infested dogs. These clinical features also differed (p < 0.05) from dogs experimentally infested as this method of transmission was largely unsuccessful. Following the success of the direct contact model closely is the environmental and formite transmission model. Here, healthy dogs were housed in recently vacated mange infested kennels. The direct contact model only differed from the environmental model (p < 0.05) in the expression of erythema and papules in dogs. Although comingling infested and mange naïve dogs guarantees successful direct contact transmission, exposure of healthy dogs to infested facility would also lead to infestation. This study showed that comingling remain an effective means of infestation model for mange experiments in dogs.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Arlian LG (1989) Biology, host relations and epidemiology of Sarcoptes scabiei. Ann Rev Entomol 34(139–161):1989
Arlian LG, Morgan MS (2017) A review of Sarcoptes scabiei: past, present and future. Parasit Vectors 10:297
Arlian LG, Vyszenski-Moher DL (1988) Life cycle of Sarcoptes scabie var. canis. J Para 74(3):427–430
Arlian LG, Runyan RA, Achar S, Estes SA (1984a) Survival and infectivity of Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis and var. hominis. J Am Acad Dermatol 11:210–215
Arlian LG, Runyan RA, Achar S, Estes SA (1984b) Host seeking behavior of Sarcoptes scabiei. J Am Acad Dermatol 11:594–598
Arlian LG, Estes SA, Vyszenski-Moher DL (1988a) Prevalence of Sarcoptes scabiei in the homes and nursing homes of scabietic patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 19(5, Pt1):806–811
Arlian LG, Runyan RA, Vyszenski-Moher DL (1988b) Water balance and nutrient procurement of Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis (Acari: Sarcoptidae). J Med Entomol 25(1):64–68
Chosidow O (2006) Scabies. N Engl J Med 354:1718–1727
Daszak P, Cunningham AA, Hyatt AD (2000) Emerging infectious diseases of wildlife: global threats to biodiversity and human health. Science 287:443–449
Elsheikha H (2015) Biology, diagnosis and management of Sarcoptic mange. Vet Nurse 6(5):3
Heilesen B (1946) Studies on Acarus scabiei and scabies. Acta Dermatol Venerol 26:1–370
Heukelbach J, Feldmeier H (2009) Scabies. Lancet 367:1767–1774
Hsueh PR, Lin BH, Hwang CC, Hsieh BL, Liu JC, Lin M (1992) Nosocomial outbreak of scabies. J For Med Assoc 91:228–232
Kate M, Mei-Fong H, Andrew K, Charlene W, Cielo P, Kemp DJ, McCarthy JS, Katja F (2010) A tractable experimental model for study of human and animal scabies. J Negl Trop Dis, PLOS
Ljunggren EL (2005) Molecular analysis of Sarcoptes scabiei. Doctoral thesis. ISSN 1652-6880, ISBN 91-576-7046-3
Morris DO, Dunstan RW (1996) A histomorphological study of Sarcoptic acariasis in the do: 19 cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 32(2):119–124
Orion E, Marcos B, Davidovici B, Wolf R (2006) Itch and scratch: Scabies and pediculosis. Clin Dermatol 24:168–175
Pence DB, Ueckermann E (2002) Sarcoptic mange in wildlife. Rev Sci Tech 21:385–398
Pence DB, Windberg LA (1994) Impact of a Sarcoptic mange epizootic on a coyote population. J Wildl Manage 58:624–633
Rehbein S, Visser M, Winter R, Trommer B, Matthes HF, Maciel AE, Marley SE (2003) Productivity effects of bovine mange and control with ivermectin. Vet Parasitol 114:267–284
Sajad AB, Kate ME, Xiason L, Walton SF (2017) Host immune responses to the itch mite, Sarcoptes scabiei in humans. Parasit Vectors 10:385
SAS (2004) SAS/STAT. User’s guide (release 8.03) SAS Institute, Cary North Carolina, USA
Skerratt LF, Beveridge I (1998) Human scabies of wombat origin. Aust Vet J 77:607
Soulsby EJ (1982) Helminths, Arthropods and Protozoa of domesticated animals, 7th edn. Baillieri Tindal, London
Thomas MC, Giedinghagen DH, Hoff GL (1987) Brief report: an outbreak of scabies among employees in a hospital-associated commercial laundry. Infect Control 8:427–429
Wall R, Shearer D (1997) Veterinary entomology, 1st edn. Chapman and Hall, London
Walton SF, Currie BJ (2007) Problems in diagnosing scabies, a global disease in human and animal populations. Clin Microbiol Rev 20:268–279
Weeks ENI, Kaufman PE (2015) Mange in companion animals. ENY-289 http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/. Accessed Sept 2015
Wolf R, Krakowski A (1987) Atypical crusted scabies. J Am Acad Dermatol 17:434–436
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Study was conceived, designed and supervised by N.A. Sadiq. Infestation, data gathering and analysis was done by O.C. Nwufoh (the principal investigator and a post graduate student of The Department of Veterinary Parasitology, University of Ibadan). Study was co-supervised by B.O Emikpe and manuscript was edited by B.O. Emikpe. All authors proof read and approved the final copy of manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interests.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nwufoh, O.C., Sadiq, N.A. & Emikpe, B.O. Establishment of infestivity model for Sarcoptes scabiei var canis in Nigerian dogs. J Parasit Dis 42, 519–526 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-018-1028-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-018-1028-5