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Transgene-mediated resistance to Papaya ringspot virus: challenges and solutions

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Abstract

Global papaya production is severely affected by papaya ringspot disease caused by Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV). Management of this potyvirus is challenging, due to 1) its non-persistent transmission by numerous aphid species and 2) the diversity of PRSV strains that exists within a country or between different geographical regions. Papaya cultivars with transgenic resistance have reduced the impact of the disease. There are no effective alternatives to transgenic resistance available in areas where disease pressure is high. In Hawaii, transgenic papayas such as “SunUp” and “Rainbow” have remained resistant to PRSV more than two decades saving the commercial papaya industry. Following the success in Hawaii, researchers from other countries have focused on developing PRSV-resistant transgenic papaya. These transgenic cultivars often demonstrated an initial transitory resistance that was ultimately overcome by the virus. For other cases, resistance was inconsistent. That is, some transgenic lines were resistant while others were not. Transgenic cultivars are now losing PRSV-resistance for various reasons in China and Taiwan. In this review, we present an update on work with transgenic papaya with resistance to PRSV. The focus is on factors affecting transgenic resistance in papaya and our attempt to explain why the Hawaiian scenario of complete and durable resistance has not been replicated in other regions. The utilization of more recent technologies to the development of virus resistance in papaya is also discussed.

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Acknowledgements

We appreciate the editorial suggestions of Dr. Stanley Freeman and Dr. Slavica Matic. This work was supported by the United States Agency for International Development, as part of the Feed the Future initiative, under the CGIAR Fund, award number BFS-G-1100002, and the predecessor fund of the Food Security and Crisis Mitigation II grant, award number EEM-G-0004-00013. The research is also supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Hatch HAW09025-H (1001478), and the USDA-Agricultural Research Service (58-5320-4-012).

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  1. Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA

    Islam Hamim, Wayne B. Borth, Josiah Marquez, James C. Green, Michael J. Melzer & John S. Hu

  2. Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh

    Islam Hamim

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Hamim, I., Borth, W.B., Marquez, J. et al. Transgene-mediated resistance to Papaya ringspot virus: challenges and solutions. Phytoparasitica 46, 1–18 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12600-017-0636-4

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