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Distinct lineages and population genomic structure of the coral Pachyseris speciosa in the small equatorial reef system of Singapore

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Abstract

Genetic population patterns in coral reefs are important for understanding biodiversity and forecasting recovery following disturbance. Studying gene flow between small and disrupted marine ecosystems, such as the reefs along the Singapore Strait, is especially crucial due to their fragile nature. Here we sampled the ubiquitous coral species complex Pachyseris speciosa from seven sites in Singapore and applied genotyping-by-sequencing (nextRAD) for a fine-scale population genomic assessment. Our results confirm the existence of two clearly distinct, possibly cryptic, lineages that occur sympatrically at each of the seven sampling sites and are related to the “blue” and “green” lineages found in other parts of the Indo-Pacific. The closely related lineages show contrasting patterns characterised by panmixia and substantial (but unexplained) substructuring, respectively. Analysis of barriers and corridors to gene flow reveals limited connectivity between the two largest clusters of reefs at the eastern and western sectors of Singapore’s southern coastal waters. Our results extend the geographic range of the two recently uncovered P. speciosa species, further confirming their status as distinct and widespread species. More broadly, our findings highlight how conservation and management strategies may maximise connectivity among Singapore’s urbanised reef ecosystems.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Sudhanshi S. Jain, Adi Zweifler, Eviatar Weizman and Inbal Ayalon for assistance in field and laboratory work. This research was supported by the National Research Foundation, Prime Minister’s Office, Singapore and the Israel Science Foundation under their 2nd Joint Grant Call (NRF2017NRF-ISF002-2658; Grant Number 2658/17).

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  1. B. Feldman and L. Afiq-Rosli have equally contributed.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Life Sciences, The Mina and Everard Goodman, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat-Gan, Israel

    Bar Feldman, Noa Simon-Blecher & Oren Levy

  2. Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117558, Singapore

    Lutfi Afiq-Rosli, Elena Bollati, Benjamin John Wainwright & Danwei Huang

  3. Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119227, Singapore

    Lutfi Afiq-Rosli & Danwei Huang

  4. Yale-NUS College, 16 College Avenue West, #01-220, Singapore, 138527, Singapore

    Benjamin John Wainwright

  5. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Pim Bongaerts

  6. Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117558, Singapore

    Danwei Huang

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  1. Bar Feldman
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Feldman, B., Afiq-Rosli, L., Simon-Blecher, N. et al. Distinct lineages and population genomic structure of the coral Pachyseris speciosa in the small equatorial reef system of Singapore. Coral Reefs 41, 575–585 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-021-02160-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-021-02160-4

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