Tingids are commonly called lace bugs because the pronotum and forewings have delicate and intricate reticulations resembling lace. Lace bugs can be confused with the Piesmatidae or ash-gray lace bugs, which also have forewings that are somewhat lace-like or reticulated. However, the lack of ocelli in the Tingidae distinguishes them from the Piesmatidae. All tingids are phytophagous and generally are host specific. Some species can be very destructive to plants, some of economic importance.
The Tingidae are distributed worldwide. The family is comprised of approximately 2,000 species placed in three subfamilies. The Cantacaderinae occur mainly in the Southern Hemisphere, the Tinginae are represented throughout the tropical and temperate zones, and the Vianaidinae are a small Neotropical group. The Tinginae comprise the majority of the lace bugs within the family, including some 220 genera out of approximately 250 genera. The higher level classification is:
Order: Hemiptera
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Miller, L.T. (2008). Lace Bugs (Hemiptera: Tingidae). In: Capinera, J.L. (eds) Encyclopedia of Entomology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_1934
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