Habit: A medium-sized evergreen tree, upto 15m.
🗒 Synonyms
| synonym | Eugenia jambolana Lam. Syzygium jambolanum (Lam.) DC. |
| synonym | Myrtus cumini L. |
🗒 Common Names
| Assamese |
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| Eng |
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| English |
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| Hin |
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| Hindi |
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| Irula |
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| Kannada |
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| Karbi |
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| Konkani |
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| Malayalam |
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| Manipuri |
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| Marathi |
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| Mishing |
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| Other |
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| Sanskrit |
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| Tamil |
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| Telugu |
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| bodo |
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📚 Overview
Description
Keystone Foundation
| Attributions | Keystone Foundation |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Syzygium cumini leaf
Bark greyish brown, with large flakes, smooth higher up. Slash aromatic. Leaves with many close parallel veins, crushed leaves smells aromatic, Flowers and fruits produced in bunches on leafless part of branches.
Kavitha, A., N. Deepthi, R. Ganesan, S. C. Gladwin Joseph. Common Dryland Trees of Karnataka: Bilingual Field Guide. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, 2084
| Attributions | Kavitha, A., N. Deepthi, R. Ganesan, S. C. Gladwin Joseph. Common Dryland Trees of Karnataka: Bilingual Field Guide. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, 2084 |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_NC |
| References |
No Data
📚 Nomenclature and Classification
📚 Natural History
Life Cycle
Flowering: April-May. Fruiting: June-July
Komor, P. & Devi, O.S. 2016. Edible bioresources & livelihoods. Assam State Biodiversity Board, Guwahati. pp. 251
Cyclicity
Flower blooms during April to May. Fruit ripe during June to July
Wild edible plants of Assam. by Sri Brahmananda Patiri and Sri Ananta Borah, published by the Director Forest Communication, Forest Department, Assam. Curated for upload by Pranjal Mahananda.
Leaf Fall
January--March
Flowering
March--May
Fruiting
June--August
Kavitha, A., N. Deepthi, R. Ganesan, S. C. Gladwin Joseph. Common Dryland Trees of Karnataka: Bilingual Field Guide. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, 2084
| Attributions | Kavitha, A., N. Deepthi, R. Ganesan, S. C. Gladwin Joseph. Common Dryland Trees of Karnataka: Bilingual Field Guide. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, 2084 |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_NC |
| References |
Reproduction
Propagation Techniques
Direct sowing of seeds.
Kavitha, A., N. Deepthi, R. Ganesan, S. C. Gladwin Joseph. Common Dryland Trees of Karnataka: Bilingual Field Guide. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, 2084
| Attributions | Kavitha, A., N. Deepthi, R. Ganesan, S. C. Gladwin Joseph. Common Dryland Trees of Karnataka: Bilingual Field Guide. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, 2084 |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_NC |
| References |
Dispersal
Dispersers
Dispersers: Bird,Bat,Other Mammals
Pollinators
Pollinators: Bee,Insect
Kavitha, A., N. Deepthi, R. Ganesan, S. C. Gladwin Joseph. Common Dryland Trees of Karnataka: Bilingual Field Guide. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, 2084
| Attributions | Kavitha, A., N. Deepthi, R. Ganesan, S. C. Gladwin Joseph. Common Dryland Trees of Karnataka: Bilingual Field Guide. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, 2084 |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_NC |
| References |
Size
Seed Size
2 cm.
Tree Height
16 m.
Kavitha, A., N. Deepthi, R. Ganesan, S. C. Gladwin Joseph. Common Dryland Trees of Karnataka: Bilingual Field Guide. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, 2084
| Attributions | Kavitha, A., N. Deepthi, R. Ganesan, S. C. Gladwin Joseph. Common Dryland Trees of Karnataka: Bilingual Field Guide. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, 2084 |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_NC |
| References |
Growth
High
Competitiveness
High
Where To Plant
Field border,Avenue,Wet area
Growth Rate
moderate growing
Drought Tolerance
Moderate
Drainage
Poor
Kavitha, A., N. Deepthi, R. Ganesan, S. C. Gladwin Joseph. Common Dryland Trees of Karnataka: Bilingual Field Guide. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, 2084
| Attributions | Kavitha, A., N. Deepthi, R. Ganesan, S. C. Gladwin Joseph. Common Dryland Trees of Karnataka: Bilingual Field Guide. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, 2084 |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_NC |
| References |
Morphology
Growth Form
Tree
Flower
In axillary or terminal panicled cymes;cream, fragrant. Flowering from March-April (Plains) and June-July (Hills).
Fruit
A globose berry, red to dark blue; seed solitary. Fruiting from June-July.
Field tips
Bark light grey, smooth, flaking off. Branchlets pendulous. Petioles reddish. Leaves with numerous veins.
Leaf Arrangement
Opposite-decussate
Leaf Type
Simple
Leaf Shape
Elliptic-ovate to lanceolate
Leaf Apex
Acuminate
Leaf Base
Cuneate-obtuse
Leaf Margin
Entire
Keystone Foundation
| Attributions | Keystone Foundation |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
An evergreen tree reaching up to about 30 m and can live more than 100 years. The Leaves are smooth, glossy, elliptic to oblong or ovate. Flowers are greenish white in colour. The fruits are berry, oblong, black, juicy shining when thoroughly ripe.
Komor, P. & Devi, O.S. 2016. Edible bioresources & livelihoods. Assam State Biodiversity Board, Guwahati. pp. 251
An evergreen tree. Leaves smooth, glossy, elliptic to oblong or ovate. Found through out the state often gregarious in swamp. Cultivated trees have broader leaves. Flowers are greenish white; fruits are berry oblong, black, juicy shining when thouroughly ripe
Wild edible plants of Assam. by Sri Brahmananda Patiri and Sri Ananta Borah, published by the Director Forest Communication, Forest Department, Assam. Curated for upload by Pranjal Mahananda.
Nerale-like leaf
Tree Type
Evergreen
Canopy
Dense
Leaf Type
Nerale like
Kavitha, A., N. Deepthi, R. Ganesan, S. C. Gladwin Joseph. Common Dryland Trees of Karnataka: Bilingual Field Guide. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, 2084
| Attributions | Kavitha, A., N. Deepthi, R. Ganesan, S. C. Gladwin Joseph. Common Dryland Trees of Karnataka: Bilingual Field Guide. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, 2084 |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_NC |
| References |
Miscellaneous Details
Interesting Facts
Fruits have some of the highest levels of natural folic acid and recommended for pregnant women. Powdered seeds consumed to control diabetes. Birds and bats relish on the fruits.
Kavitha, A., N. Deepthi, R. Ganesan, S. C. Gladwin Joseph. Common Dryland Trees of Karnataka: Bilingual Field Guide. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, 2084
| Attributions | Kavitha, A., N. Deepthi, R. Ganesan, S. C. Gladwin Joseph. Common Dryland Trees of Karnataka: Bilingual Field Guide. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, 2084 |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_NC |
| References |
No Data
📚 Habitat and Distribution
General Habitat
In a variety of habitats, Shoals, riverbanks, scrub are planted as avenue trees. Upto 1400m. Indian subcontinent, south east Asia, Australia.
Keystone Foundation
| Attributions | Keystone Foundation |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Description
Found in ravines and semi-evergreen forests from plains to 1400m. Common. India, Sri Lanka, Malesia and N.Australia.
Keystone Foundation
| Attributions | Keystone Foundation |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Global Distribution
India: Cultivated Throughout; Tropical Region
Local Distribution
Throughout Assam
Syzygium cumini map
Throughout India except Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim.
Kavitha, A., N. Deepthi, R. Ganesan, S. C. Gladwin Joseph. Common Dryland Trees of Karnataka: Bilingual Field Guide. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, 2084
| Attributions | Kavitha, A., N. Deepthi, R. Ganesan, S. C. Gladwin Joseph. Common Dryland Trees of Karnataka: Bilingual Field Guide. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, 2084 |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_NC |
| References |
Endemic Distribution
Nativity
Native
Kavitha, A., N. Deepthi, R. Ganesan, S. C. Gladwin Joseph. Common Dryland Trees of Karnataka: Bilingual Field Guide. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, 2084
| Attributions | Kavitha, A., N. Deepthi, R. Ganesan, S. C. Gladwin Joseph. Common Dryland Trees of Karnataka: Bilingual Field Guide. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, 2084 |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_NC |
| References |
No Data
📚 Occurrence
No Data
📚 Demography and Conservation
Conservation Status
Not Evaluated
Kavitha, A., N. Deepthi, R. Ganesan, S. C. Gladwin Joseph. Common Dryland Trees of Karnataka: Bilingual Field Guide. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, 2084
| Attributions | Kavitha, A., N. Deepthi, R. Ganesan, S. C. Gladwin Joseph. Common Dryland Trees of Karnataka: Bilingual Field Guide. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, 2084 |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_NC |
| References |
No Data
📚 Uses and Management
Uses
System of Medicines Used In
Homoeopathy
Ayurveda
Folk medicine
Siddha
Unani
Traditional chinese medicine
Sowa-Rigpa
Honey bitter fruits edible. Bark eaten by Elephants and also used to brew liquor; wood used for fuel.
Fruits edible and sold in the market, highly valued for their medicinal properties. Wood very hard and used for construction and making of agricultural implements.
Keystone Foundation
| Attributions | Keystone Foundation |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
System Of Medicines Used In
Ayurveda, Folk medicine, Homoeopathy, Folk medicine, Sowa-Rigpa, Unani, Siddha, Traditional chinese medicine
FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=2029
| Attributions | FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=2029 |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
The ripe fruits are eaten raw. Jams and jellies are also prepared. The wood is water resistant, because of which it is used in railway sleepers and used to install motors in wells. The leaves are used as food for livestock due to its high nutritive value
Nutritional Value
Energy 251 kcal; water 84.75 gm; fat 0.23gm; sodium 28mg; potassium 55 mg; carbohydrate 14 gm; dietry fibres 0.6 gm; sugar 57 gm; protein 0.995 gm; thiamine 0.01 mg; vitamin C 11.85 mg; vitamin B6 0.03 mg; calcium 11.65 mg; iron 1.41mg; magnesium 35 mg; phosphorus 15.6 mg & sodium 26.2 mg per 100 gms of the fruit plup
Komor, P. & Devi, O.S. 2016. Edible bioresources & livelihoods. Assam State Biodiversity Board, Guwahati. pp. 251
Ripe fruits are edible, barks are used as medicine for diabetics.
Wild edible plants of Assam. by Sri Brahmananda Patiri and Sri Ananta Borah, published by the Director Forest Communication, Forest Department, Assam. Curated for upload by Pranjal Mahananda.
Medicinal :
Medicinal : Bark,Fruit,Seed
Food:
Food: Fruit
Fodder:
Fodder: Goat,cattle
Fuelwood:
Good fuelwood
Pest Management:
Pest management: Leaf
Services And Uses
Wind break, Nectar source, Culturally significant, Green manure, Timber, Implements, Tanning and dyeing
Kavitha, A., N. Deepthi, R. Ganesan, S. C. Gladwin Joseph. Common Dryland Trees of Karnataka: Bilingual Field Guide. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, 2084
| Attributions | Kavitha, A., N. Deepthi, R. Ganesan, S. C. Gladwin Joseph. Common Dryland Trees of Karnataka: Bilingual Field Guide. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, 2084 |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_NC |
| References |
Folklore
The bark used for brewing liquor. Fruits edible. Branchlets preferred for fuel.
Keystone Foundation
| Attributions | Keystone Foundation |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Widely used in Ayurveda, Unani and Chinese medicine system. Considered to have anti microbial properties, also used to treat digestive ailments. The barks and seeds are used as medicine for diabetics. Specially consumed by local people for its high sources of vitamin A and vitamin C
Komor, P. & Devi, O.S. 2016. Edible bioresources & livelihoods. Assam State Biodiversity Board, Guwahati. pp. 251
No Data
📚 Information Listing
References
- D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=2029
Information Listing > References
- D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=2029
Indigenous Knowledge on Medicinal Flora Utilized by the Traditional Healers in Mappillaiyurani Village, Tuticorin District, Tamil Nadu, India
DV
Dr. V. VadivelA comparative study of mixed-species bird flocks in shaded coffee plantation and natural forest in Wayanad, Kerala
IB
Indian BIRDSDietary preference and feeding patterns of the urban Rhesus Macaque Macaca mulatta (Mammalia: Primates: Cercopithecidae) in Asola-Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary in India
Jo
Journal of Threatened TaxaStatus distribution and feeding habit of Wild Boar Sus scrofa (Mammalia: Artiodactyla: Suidae) in Pench Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh, India
Jo
Journal of Threatened TaxaAlarming population status of the Grizzled Giant Squirrel Ratufa macroura (Mammalia: Rodentia: Sciuridae) in Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary, the Western Ghats, India
Jo
Journal of Threatened TaxaDiversity and status of avifauna in man-made sacred ponds of Kurukshetra, India
Jo
Journal of Threatened TaxaFirst definitive record of a whip scorpion Labochirus tauricornis (Pocock, 1900) from Goa, India: with notes on its morphometry and pedipalp micro-morphology
Jo
Journal of Threatened TaxaFloristic enumeration of Torna Fort (Western Ghats, India): a storehouse of endemic plants
Jo
Journal of Threatened TaxaThe characteristics, representativeness, function and conservation importance of tropical dry evergreen forest on India’s Coromandel Coast
Jo
Journal of Threatened TaxaForest evergreenness and tree endemism in the central Western Ghats, southern India
Jo
Journal of Threatened TaxaFoliicolous fungi on medicinal plants in Thiruvananthapuram District, Kerala, India
Jo
Journal of Threatened TaxaA checklist of bird communities In Tamhini Wildlife Sanctuary, the northern Western Ghats, Maharashtra, India
Jo
Journal of Threatened TaxaRapid assessment of sacred groves: a biodiversity assessment tool for ground level practitioners
Jo
Journal of Threatened TaxaPeriodicity of leaf growth and leaf dry mass changes in the evergreen and deciduous species of Southern Assam, India
DN
Dr. Nepolion BorahStructural and compositional variations in undisturbed and disturbed tropical forests of Bhuban hills in south Assam, India
DN
Dr. Nepolion BorahTree Species Composition, Diversity, and Regeneration Patterns in Undisturbed and Disturbed Forests of Barak Valley, South Assam, India
DN
Dr. Nepolion BorahUTILIZATION OF ETHNO-VETERINARY MEDICINAL PLANTS IN HASSAN DISTRICT OF KARNATAKA, INDIA
DG
Dr. G. M. Prashanth KumarWild edible plants of Hassan District, Karnataka: A role in ayurvedic formulation
DG
Dr. G. M. Prashanth KumarA Case Study on People’s Choice Conservation of Biodiversity in Homesteads of Assam, India
DP
Dr. Prosanta HazarikaOn the occurrence of Black Baza Aviceda leuphotes Dumont, 1820 (Aves: Falconiformes: Accipitridae) in the Gupteswar forests of the Eastern Ghats, Odisha, India
Jo
Journal of Threatened TaxaFloristic diversity of the Indian Cardamom Research Institute campus, Myladumpara, Western Ghats, India
Jo
Journal of Threatened TaxaFloristic diversity of Bhimashankar Wildlife Sanctuary, northern Western Ghats, Maharashtra, India
Jo
Journal of Threatened TaxaA note on the taxonomy, field status and threats to three endemic species of Syzygium (Myrtaceae) from the southern Western Ghats, India
Jo
Journal of Threatened TaxaFlora of Fergusson College campus, Pune, India: monitoring changes over half a century
Jo
Journal of Threatened TaxaA checklist of the flowering plants of Katerniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary, Uttar Pradesh, India
Jo
Journal of Threatened TaxaTree species diversity in the Eastern Ghats of northern Andhra Pradesh, India
Jo
Journal of Threatened TaxaNew site record of Grizzled Giant Squirrel Ratufa macroura from Thiruvannamalai Forest Division, Eastern Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India
Jo
Journal of Threatened TaxaPlant species composition on two rock outcrops from the northern Western Ghats, Maharashtra, India
Jo
Journal of Threatened TaxaReproductive ecology of Syzygium alternifolium (Myrtaceae), an endemic and endangered tropical tree species in the southern Eastern Ghats of India
Jo
Journal of Threatened TaxaRange extension and larval habitat of Lyriothemis tricolour Ris, 1919 (Odonata: Anisoptera: Libellulidae) from southern Western Ghats, India
Jo
Journal of Threatened TaxaBelosynapsis vivipara (Dalzell) C.E.C. Fisch. (Commelinaceae), a vulnerable spiderwort, rediscovered after sixteen decades from Maharashtra, India
Jo
Journal of Threatened TaxaCEPF Western Ghats Special Series: Metazoan community composition in tree hole aquatic habitats of Silent Valley National Park and New Amarambalam Reserve Forest of the Western Ghats, India
Jo
Journal of Threatened TaxaBreeding biology of the Grey-headed Bulbul Pycnonotus priocephalus (Aves: Pycnonotidae) in the Western Ghats, India
Jo
Journal of Threatened TaxaSome aspects of the ecology of the Indian Giant Squirrel Ratufa indica (Erxleben, 1777) in the tropical forests of Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary, southern India and their conservation implications
Jo
Journal of Threatened TaxaStand structure of a primate rich rainforest region in the central Western Ghats of southern India
Jo
Journal of Threatened TaxaNesting patterns of some terrestrial birds in Danta Forest Range, northern Gujarat, India
Jo
Journal of Threatened TaxaNo Data
📚 Meta data
Meta data
Syzygium-cumini _map.tif
Syzygium cumini_LC.tif
1 Nerale-like leaf.tif
Syzygium cumini_LC.tif
1 Nerale-like leaf.tif
Kavitha, A., N. Deepthi, R. Ganesan, S. C. Gladwin Joseph. Common Dryland Trees of Karnataka: Bilingual Field Guide. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, 2084
| Attributions | Kavitha, A., N. Deepthi, R. Ganesan, S. C. Gladwin Joseph. Common Dryland Trees of Karnataka: Bilingual Field Guide. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, 2084 |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_NC |
| References |
No Data
🐾 Taxonomy
| Root | Root |
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Tracheophyta |
| Class | Magnoliopsida |
| Order | Myrtales |
| Family | Myrtaceae |
| Genus | Syzygium |
| Species | Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels |
📊 Temporal Distribution
📷 Related Observations
👥 Groups
