Climber/ Vine
Cocculus orbiculatus (L.) DC.
🗒 Synonyms
synonym | Bradleia nephroia Steud. |
synonym | Cebatha cuneifolia (Miers) Kuntze |
synonym | Cebatha farrandiana (Gaud.) Kuntze |
synonym | Cebatha integra (Hillebr.) Kuntze |
synonym | Cebatha lonchophylla (Hillebr.) Kuntze |
synonym | Cebatha orbiculata f. macrophylla Nakai |
synonym | Cebatha virgata (Hillebr.) Kuntze |
synonym | Cocculus cuneatus Benth. |
synonym | Cocculus cynanchoides Presl |
synonym | Cocculus diantherus Hook. & Arn. |
synonym | Cocculus elegans (Ridl.) Ridl. |
synonym | Cocculus ferrandianus Gaudich. |
synonym | Cocculus integer Hillebr. |
synonym | Cocculus lonchophyllus (Miers) Hbd. |
synonym | Cocculus nephroia DC. |
synonym | Cocculus orbiculatus f. macrophyllus (Nakai) S.-Y. Oh |
synonym | Cocculus ovalifolius (Vahl ex Pers.) DC. |
synonym | Cocculus sarmentosus (Lour.) Diels |
synonym | Cocculus sarmentosus var. linearis Yamam. |
synonym | Cocculus sarmentosus var. pauciflorus Y.C. Wu |
synonym | Cocculus sarmentosus var. stenophyllus Merr. |
synonym | Cocculus thunbergii DC. |
synonym | Cocculus triflorus DC. |
synonym | Cocculus trilobus (Thunb.) DC. |
synonym | Cocculus virgatus Hillebr. |
synonym | Ferrandia oleifera Gaudich. |
synonym | Holopeira lonchophylla Miers |
synonym | Limacia kunstleri King |
synonym | Menispermum orbiculatum L. |
synonym | Menispermum ovalifolium Pers. |
synonym | Menispermum reniforme Spreng. |
synonym | Menispermum triflorum Spreng. |
synonym | Menispermum trilobum C.P. Thunberg ex A. Murray |
synonym | Nephroia cuneifolia Miers |
synonym | Nephroia dilatata Miers |
synonym | Nephroia elegans Ridl. |
synonym | Nephroia pycnantha Miers |
synonym | Nephroia sarmentosa Lour. |
synonym | Nephroica cuneifolia Miers |
synonym | Nephroica cynanchoides Miers |
synonym | Nephroica dianthera Miers |
synonym | Nephroica dilatata Miers |
synonym | Nephroica ferrandiana (Gaud.) Miers |
synonym | Nephroica hastata Miers |
synonym | Nephroica hexagyna Miers |
synonym | Nephroica ovalifolius Miers |
synonym | Nephroica pubinervis Miers ex Benth. |
synonym | Nephroica pycnantha Miers |
synonym | Nephroica sarmentosa Miers |
synonym | Nephroica thunbergii Miers |
synonym | Nephroica triloba Miers |
🗒 Common Names
English |
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📚 Overview
Summary
Cocculus species are scandent or erect herbs, shrubs or small trees, monoecious. Leaves simple, alternate, non-peltate, entire or lobed. Flowers unisexual. Inflorescences cymose or thyrsoid, terminal or axillary. Male flowers, sepals 6-9, in 2-3 series, imbricate, the outer sepals smaller, petals 6, normally bifid or emarginated apex, auricled below, stamens 6-9, free, anthers subglobose, cells bursting transversely. Female flowers sepals and petals similar as in male flowers, staminodes 6 or absent, carpels 3-6, style subulate, cylindrical, reflexed. Fruits drupes curved, obovoid, laterally slightly compressed, style scar near the base, bony endocarp, transversely rigid above, perforate on both sides, Seed curved, endocarp faintly tubercled, endospermic, liguliform cotyledons.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
No Data
📚 Nomenclature and Classification
References
Syst. Nat. (Candolle) 1: 523. 1817 ("1818")
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
No Data
📚 Natural History
Reproduction
Cocculus species are dioecious i.e., male (staminate) flowers on one plant, and female (pistillate) flowers on another plant. Pollination is entomophilous i.e., by insects. Flowering/Fruiting: May-August.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
Dispersal
Seeds may be dispersed by zoochory i.e., dispersal by birds or animals, anthropochory i.e., dispersal by humans.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
Morphology
Scandent climbing shrubs. Stems herbaceous when young and woody when mature, slender, grooved, blackish, pubescent, about 1-1.5 cm thick, branches pubescent to subglabrous. Leaves simple, alternate, ovate, cordate to lanceolate-elliptic, 3-9 x 1-5 cm across, base abruptly cuneate, truncate to cordate, margin entire, apex acute to emarginate sometimes, subcoriaceous, bright green, glabrous above, paler pubescent beneath, basal 3-5 strong veins, 2-3 lateral veins, impressed above and beneath, prominent on the midrib beneath, petiole sparsely pubescent, slender, about 0.5-3 cm long. Inflorescence axillary, extra axillary or terminal, few flowered, thyrsoid racemes or cymose, pubescent, about 4-7 cm long. Male flowers white, glabrous, about 2-4 cm long, sepals 9 in 3 series, outer series minute, middle series sepals, about 1 mm long, inner series sepals, rotund to obovate, about 1-1.25 mm long, petals 6, obovate, oblong, about 1-1.8 mm long, stamens 6, about 0.1 mm long. Female flowers, sepals and petals similar as in male flowers, staminodes 6, very small or minute, linear, glabrous, about 0.3 mm long, carpels 6, glabrous, about 1 mm long, styles curved, slender, glabrous. Fruits drupes rotund, glabrous, slightly compressed, dark green to dark blue when ripe, with 4 lateral rows of tubercles, about 4-5 mm across, endocarp rugose, stony with curved aperture, ridged finely on dorsal surface. style scar subbasal.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
Diseases
.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
No Data
📚 Habitat and Distribution
General Habitat
Forested areas, rocky areas
Along streams, shady places of forest edges, near villages, altitude of up to 1000 m and cultivated.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
Description
Global Distribution
India: Assam, Meghalaya; Usa
Indian Distribution
Assam
Local Distribution: Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Tripura.
Global Distribution: Asia: China, India, Japan, Malaysia, Myanmar, Taiwan; North America.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
No Data
📚 Occurrence
No Data
📚 Demography and Conservation
📚 Uses and Management
Uses
Leaves and roots are eaten during famine. Stem decoction used for treating asthma and paralysis. Roots used for treating rheumatic arthritis. Plant shows good antibacterial and anti-amoebic activity.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
No Data
📚 Information Listing
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN)
Not evaluated (IUCN).
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
References
- Tropicos, botanical information system at the Missouri Botanical Garden - www.tropicos.org. URL: http://www.tropicos.org/Name/20600547 ;The International Plant Names Index (2012). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org. URL: http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Cocculus+orbiculatus+&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html ;The Plant List (2010). Version 1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ URL: http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-2729703 ;Harvard University Herbaria, Publication and Botanist databases (HUH) © 2001 - 2013 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. ;Flora of China, 'eFloras (2008). Published on the Internet http://www.efloras.org [accessed 12 April 2013]*' Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. URL: http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=242313899 ;Birgitta Bremer et. al. (2009): An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 105-121. ;Mark W. chase and James L. Reveal (2009): A Phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 122-127. ;Hooker, J. D., (1885) Flora of British India. Reprint by Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 1: 102. ;Sharma, B. D., Balakrishnan, N. P., Rao, R. R., & Hajra, P. K. (1993), Flora of India, Botanical Survey of India. Deep Printers, New Delhi. Vol. 1: 319. ;Kanjilal, U. N., (1939) Flora of Assam. Printed at Omsons Publications, New Delhi Vol. 1: 56. ;Encyclopedia of Life. Available from http://www.eol.org. Accessed 15 Jan 2012. ;IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.1. . Downloaded on 09 January 2014. ;Saxena, N. B., & Saxena S., (2001) Plant taxonomy, third edition, Pragati Prakashan, Meerut, India. 198. ;Plants for a future. URL: http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Cocculus+orbiculatus ;Plant sexual morphology. (2013, February 20). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 10:31, February 21, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plant_sexual_morphology&oldid=539322400 ;Seed dispersal. (2013, September 11). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 08:42, February 11, 2013, URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seed_dispersal&oldid=572442927 ;
- Tropicos, botanical information system at the Missouri Botanical Garden - www.tropicos.org. URL: http://www.tropicos.org/Name/20600547 ;The International Plant Names Index (2012). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org. URL: http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Cocculus+orbiculatus+&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html ;The Plant List (2010). Version 1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ URL: http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-2729703 ;Harvard University Herbaria, Publication and Botanist databases (HUH) © 2001 - 2013 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. ;Flora of China, 'eFloras (2008). Published on the Internet http://www.efloras.org [accessed 12 April 2013]*' Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. URL: http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=242313899 ;Birgitta Bremer et. al. (2009): An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 105-121. ;Mark W. chase and James L. Reveal (2009): A Phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 122-127. ;Hooker, J. D., (1885) Flora of British India. Reprint by Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 1: 102. ;Sharma, B. D., Balakrishnan, N. P., Rao, R. R., & Hajra, P. K. (1993), Flora of India, Botanical Survey of India. Deep Printers, New Delhi. Vol. 1: 319. ;Kanjilal, U. N., (1939) Flora of Assam. Printed at Omsons Publications, New Delhi Vol. 1: 56. ;Encyclopedia of Life. Available from http://www.eol.org. Accessed 15 Jan 2012. ;IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.1. . Downloaded on 09 January 2014. ;Saxena, N. B., & Saxena S., (2001) Plant taxonomy, third edition, Pragati Prakashan, Meerut, India. 198. ;Plants for a future. URL: http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Cocculus+orbiculatus ;Plant sexual morphology. (2013, February 20). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 10:31, February 21, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plant_sexual_morphology&oldid=539322400 ;Seed dispersal. (2013, September 11). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 08:42, February 11, 2013, URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seed_dispersal&oldid=572442927 ;
Information Listing > References
- Tropicos, botanical information system at the Missouri Botanical Garden - www.tropicos.org. URL: http://www.tropicos.org/Name/20600547 ;The International Plant Names Index (2012). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org. URL: http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Cocculus+orbiculatus+&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html ;The Plant List (2010). Version 1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ URL: http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-2729703 ;Harvard University Herbaria, Publication and Botanist databases (HUH) © 2001 - 2013 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. ;Flora of China, 'eFloras (2008). Published on the Internet http://www.efloras.org [accessed 12 April 2013]*' Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. URL: http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=242313899 ;Birgitta Bremer et. al. (2009): An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 105-121. ;Mark W. chase and James L. Reveal (2009): A Phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 122-127. ;Hooker, J. D., (1885) Flora of British India. Reprint by Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 1: 102. ;Sharma, B. D., Balakrishnan, N. P., Rao, R. R., & Hajra, P. K. (1993), Flora of India, Botanical Survey of India. Deep Printers, New Delhi. Vol. 1: 319. ;Kanjilal, U. N., (1939) Flora of Assam. Printed at Omsons Publications, New Delhi Vol. 1: 56. ;Encyclopedia of Life. Available from http://www.eol.org. Accessed 15 Jan 2012. ;IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.1. . Downloaded on 09 January 2014. ;Saxena, N. B., & Saxena S., (2001) Plant taxonomy, third edition, Pragati Prakashan, Meerut, India. 198. ;Plants for a future. URL: http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Cocculus+orbiculatus ;Plant sexual morphology. (2013, February 20). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 10:31, February 21, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plant_sexual_morphology&oldid=539322400 ;Seed dispersal. (2013, September 11). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 08:42, February 11, 2013, URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seed_dispersal&oldid=572442927 ;
- Tropicos, botanical information system at the Missouri Botanical Garden - www.tropicos.org. URL: http://www.tropicos.org/Name/20600547 ;The International Plant Names Index (2012). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org. URL: http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Cocculus+orbiculatus+&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html ;The Plant List (2010). Version 1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ URL: http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-2729703 ;Harvard University Herbaria, Publication and Botanist databases (HUH) © 2001 - 2013 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. ;Flora of China, 'eFloras (2008). Published on the Internet http://www.efloras.org [accessed 12 April 2013]*' Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. URL: http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=242313899 ;Birgitta Bremer et. al. (2009): An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 105-121. ;Mark W. chase and James L. Reveal (2009): A Phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 122-127. ;Hooker, J. D., (1885) Flora of British India. Reprint by Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 1: 102. ;Sharma, B. D., Balakrishnan, N. P., Rao, R. R., & Hajra, P. K. (1993), Flora of India, Botanical Survey of India. Deep Printers, New Delhi. Vol. 1: 319. ;Kanjilal, U. N., (1939) Flora of Assam. Printed at Omsons Publications, New Delhi Vol. 1: 56. ;Encyclopedia of Life. Available from http://www.eol.org. Accessed 15 Jan 2012. ;IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.1. . Downloaded on 09 January 2014. ;Saxena, N. B., & Saxena S., (2001) Plant taxonomy, third edition, Pragati Prakashan, Meerut, India. 198. ;Plants for a future. URL: http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Cocculus+orbiculatus ;Plant sexual morphology. (2013, February 20). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 10:31, February 21, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plant_sexual_morphology&oldid=539322400 ;Seed dispersal. (2013, September 11). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 08:42, February 11, 2013, URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seed_dispersal&oldid=572442927 ;
No Data
🐾 Taxonomy
Root | Root |
Kingdom | Plantae |
Phylum | Tracheophyta |
Class | Magnoliopsida |
Order | Ranunculales |
Family | Menispermaceae |
Genus | Cocculus |
Species | Cocculus orbiculatus (L.) DC. |
📊 Temporal Distribution
📷 Related Observations