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Lethrinus nebulosus (Forsskål, 1775)

Accepted
Lethrinus nebulosus (Forsskål, 1775)
Lethrinus nebulosus (Forsskål, 1775)
Lethrinus nebulosus (Forsskål, 1775)
Lethrinus nebulosus (Forsskål, 1775)
Lethrinus nebulosus (Forsskål, 1775)
Lethrinus nebulosus (Forsskål, 1775)
Lethrinus nebulosus (Forsskål, 1775)
Lethrinus nebulosus (Forsskål, 1775)
Lethrinus nebulosus (Forsskål, 1775)
Lethrinus nebulosus (Forsskål, 1775)
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/Lethrinus nebulosus/440.jpg
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/Lethrinus nebulosus/428.jpg
/Lethrinus nebulosus/351.jpg
/Lethrinus nebulosus/661.jpg
🗒 Synonyms
synonymLethrinus alboguttatus Valenciennes, 1830
synonymLethrinus amboinensis (non Bleeker, 1854)
synonymLethrinus anatarius Richardson, 1845
synonymLethrinus aurolineatus Macleay, 1882
synonymLethrinus carinatus Weber, 1913
synonymLethrinus centurio Valenciennes, 1830
synonymLethrinus choerorynchus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
synonymLethrinus cyanoxanthus Richardson, 1843
synonymLethrinus devisianus Whitley, 1929
synonymLethrinus erythrurus Valenciennes, 1830
synonymLethrinus esculentus Valenciennes, 1830
synonymLethrinus fasciatus Valenciennes, 1830
synonymLethrinus fraenatus Valenciennes, 1830
synonymLethrinus frenatus Valenciennes, 1830
synonymLethrinus gothofredi Valenciennes, 1830
synonymLethrinus guentheri Bleeker, 1873
synonymLethrinus harak (non Forsskål, 1775)
synonymLethrinus karwa Valenciennes, 1830
synonymLethrinus korely Valenciennes, 1830
synonymLethrinus maculatus Valenciennes, 1830
synonymLethrinus perselectus Whitley, 1933
synonymLethrinus scoparius Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908
synonymLethtinus fletus (non Whitley, 1943)
synonymSciaena nebulosa Forsskål, 1775
synonymSparus choerorynchus Bloch & Schneider, 1801
🗒 Common Names
English
  • Sea Bream
Kannada
  • Kokkaru
  • ಕೊಕ್ಕರು
Malayalam
  • Chemballi
  • Kadu
  • കടു
  • ചെന്പല്ലി
  • ചെന്വല്ലി
Tamil
  • Koranguvela
  • Velamin
  • குரஙகுவெலா
  • கொருங்குவிலா
  • வெளமீன்
  • வெளைமீன்
Telugu
  • Karwa
  • కరవ
📚 Overview
Overview
Summary
Brief
Brackish, Marine
Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=1846, version (12/2013).
Attributions Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=1846, version (12/2013).
Contributors 
Thomas Vattakaven
Status UNDER_CREATION
Licenses CC_BY_NC
References 
    Diagnostic Keys
    Dorsal spines (total): 10; Dorsal soft rays (total): 9; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 8
    Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=1846, version (12/2013).
    Attributions Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=1846, version (12/2013).
    Contributors 
    Status UNDER_CREATION
    Licenses CC_BY_NC
    References 
    1. Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen 1989 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 9. Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date. FAO Species Synop. No. 125(9):118 p.
    Description
    Cheek without scales; 5-9 scales in supra temporal patch; inner surface of pectoral fin densely covered with scales; posterior angle of opercular fully scaled. Body color is yellowish or bronze, lighter below. Centers of many scales with a white or light blue spot. Sometimes irregular dark indistinct bars on sides and a square black blotch above pectoral fin bordering below the lateral line. Three blue streaks or series of blue spots radiate forward and ventrally from the eye. The fins are whitish or yellowish; the pelvic dusky, the edge of the dorsal fin is reddish. TL/SL relationship (cm): TL = 1.70 +1.24. Juveniles variable with blotches or stripe and changes with habitat .
    Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=1846, version (12/2013).
    Attributions Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=1846, version (12/2013).
    Contributors 
    Status UNDER_CREATION
    Licenses CC_BY_NC
    References 
    1. Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen 1989 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 9. Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date. FAO Species Synop. No. 125(9):118 p.
    No Data
    📚 Natural History
    Life Cycle
    The reproductive nature of spangled emperors is uncertain, although they also may be protogynous hermaphrodites . A study on the Great Barrier Reef found no clear evidence of sex change in spangled emperors within the size range 17-54 cm . In the aquarium, pursuit of a female with a slightly swollen abdomen by a male signifies the start of mating. The male uses its mouth to bump and push the female"quot;s abdomen. Then eggs and sperm are released at the water surface .
    Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=1846, version (12/2013).
    Attributions Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=1846, version (12/2013).
    Contributors 
    Status UNDER_CREATION
    Licenses CC_BY_NC
    References 
    1. Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen 1989 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 9. Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date. FAO Species Synop. No. 125(9):118 p.
    Size
    Max Length

    87 (unsexed) 

    Size

    87.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; ); max. published weight: 8,400 g ; max. reported age: 27 years

    Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=1846, version (12/2013).
    Attributions Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=1846, version (12/2013).
    Contributors 
    Status UNDER_CREATION
    Licenses CC_BY_NC
    References 
    1. Assadi, H. and R. Dehghani P. 1997 Atlas of the Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman fishes. Iranian Fisheries Research and Training Organization, Iran. IGFA 2001 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. Loubens, G. 1980 Biologie de quelques especes de poissons du lagon Neo-Caledonien. III. Croissance. Cah. Indo-Pac. 2:101-153.
    Trophic Strategy
    Adults occur alone or in small schools; juveniles form large schools in shallow, sheltered sandy areas. Juveniles appear to live in shallow, inshore waters such as seagrass and mangrove areas, the fish moving into deeper water as they age . In the Gulf of Carpentaria, L. nebulosus associates with L. laticaudis usually in depths of greater than 30 m .
    Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=1846, version (12/2013).
    Attributions Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=1846, version (12/2013).
    Contributors 
    Status UNDER_CREATION
    Licenses CC_BY_NC
    References 
    1. Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen 1989 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 9. Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date. FAO Species Synop. No. 125(9):118 p.
    Diseases
    Encotyllabe Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) ;
    Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=1846, version (12/2013).
    Attributions Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=1846, version (12/2013).
    Contributors 
    Status UNDER_CREATION
    Licenses CC_BY_NC
    References 
    1. Arthur, J.R. and S. Lumanlan-Mayo 1997 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of the Philippines. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 369, 102 p. FAO, Rome.
    No Data
    📚 Habitat and Distribution
    General Habitat
    Habitat reef-associated; non-migratory; brackish; marine; depth range 10 - 75 m
    Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=1846, version (12/2013).
    Attributions Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=1846, version (12/2013).
    Contributors 
    Status UNDER_CREATION
    Licenses CC_BY_NC
    References 
    1. Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen 1989 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 9. Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date. FAO Species Synop. No. 125(9):118 p.
    Description
    Remark

    Found in Tamil Nadu coast, Gulf of Mannar

    Occurrence

    native 

    Distribution

    Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea, Persian Gulf and East Africa to southern Japan and Samoa. According to a genetic study , Lethrinus nebulosus and Lethrinus choerorynchus are two distinct species in Western Australia.

    Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=1846, version (12/2013).
    Attributions Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=1846, version (12/2013).
    Contributors 
    Status UNDER_CREATION
    Licenses CC_BY_NC
    References 
    1. Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen 1989 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 9. Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date. FAO Species Synop. No. 125(9):118 p.
    No Data
    📚 Occurrence
    No Data
    📚 Demography and Conservation
    Conservation Status
    Not Evaluated IUCN 2006
    Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=1846, version (12/2013).
    Attributions Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=1846, version (12/2013).
    Contributors 
    Status UNDER_CREATION
    Licenses CC_BY_NC
    References 
    1. 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.
    No Data
    📚 Uses and Management
    Uses
    fisheries: highly commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes; price category: high; price reliability: reliable: based on ex-vessel price for this species
    Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=1846, version (12/2013).
    Attributions Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=1846, version (12/2013).
    Contributors 
    Status UNDER_CREATION
    Licenses CC_BY_NC
    References 
    1. Carpenter, K.E. 1997 Lethrinidae. Emperor snappers. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Western Central Pacific. Liao, C.-I., H.-M. Su and E.Y. Chang 2001 Techniques in finfish larviculture in Taiwan. Aquaculture 200(2001):1-31. International Game Fish Association 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, FlorIda, USA.
    No Data
    📚 Information Listing
    References
    Overview > Diagnostic > Diagnostic Keys
    1. Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen 1989 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 9. Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date. FAO Species Synop. No. 125(9):118 p.
    Overview > Diagnostic > Description
    1. Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen 1989 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 9. Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date. FAO Species Synop. No. 125(9):118 p.
    Natural History > Life Cycle
    1. Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen 1989 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 9. Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date. FAO Species Synop. No. 125(9):118 p.
    Natural History > Size
    1. Assadi, H. and R. Dehghani P. 1997 Atlas of the Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman fishes. Iranian Fisheries Research and Training Organization, Iran. IGFA 2001 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. Loubens, G. 1980 Biologie de quelques especes de poissons du lagon Neo-Caledonien. III. Croissance. Cah. Indo-Pac. 2:101-153.
    Natural History > Trophic Strategy
    1. Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen 1989 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 9. Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date. FAO Species Synop. No. 125(9):118 p.
    Natural History > Diseases
    1. Arthur, J.R. and S. Lumanlan-Mayo 1997 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of the Philippines. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 369, 102 p. FAO, Rome.
    Habitat and Distribution > General Habitat
    1. Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen 1989 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 9. Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date. FAO Species Synop. No. 125(9):118 p.
    Habitat and Distribution > Distribution > Description
    1. Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen 1989 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 9. Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date. FAO Species Synop. No. 125(9):118 p.
    Demography and Conservation > Conservation Status
    1. 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.
    Uses and Management > Uses
    1. Carpenter, K.E. 1997 Lethrinidae. Emperor snappers. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Western Central Pacific. Liao, C.-I., H.-M. Su and E.Y. Chang 2001 Techniques in finfish larviculture in Taiwan. Aquaculture 200(2001):1-31. International Game Fish Association 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, FlorIda, USA.
    No Data
    📚 Meta data
    No Data
    🐾 Taxonomy
    RootRoot
    KingdomAnimalia
    PhylumChordata
    ClassActinopterygii
    OrderPerciformes
    FamilyLethrinidae
    GenusLethrinus
    SpeciesLethrinus nebulosus (Forsskål 1775)
    📊 Temporal Distribution
    📷 Related Observations
    👥 Groups
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