Valid Names Results
Icerya seychellarum (Westwood, 1855) (Monophlebidae: Icerya)Nomenclatural History
- Dorthesia seychellarum Westwood 1855: 836. Type data: ENGLAND: on a palm imported from the SEYCHELLES ISLANDS.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; accepted valid name Illustr.
- Coccus sacchari Guérin-Méneville 1867: 451. Type data: MAURITIUS: on sugar cane.. Syntypes, female, junior synonym (discovered by Fernal1903b, 27). Notes: Type material lost; personal information (February 22 2002) from Daniele Matile-Ferrero, MNHN, to Yair Ben-Dov.
- Orthezia seychellarum (Westwood, 1855); Targioni Tozzetti 1869: 30. change of combination
- Icerya sacchari (Guérin-Méneville, 1867); Signoret 1876: 352. change of combination
- Icerya seychellarum (Westwood, 1855); Maskell 1897: 329. change of combination
- Icerya candida Cockerell 1905f: 128. Type data: PHILIPPINES: Manila, on a cultivated tree; collected 4 June.. Lectotype, female, by subsequent designation (UnruhGu2008,43). Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by Morris1928, 208).
- Icerya okadae Kuwana 1907: 178. Type data: JAPAN: on orange tree.. Syntypes, female and first instar, Type depository: Canberra: Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO Entomology, Australia; junior synonym (discovered by Green1922, 178). Illustr.
- Icerya seychellarum cristata Newstead 1908: 9. Type data: MADAGASCAR: Fenerive (East Coast Madagascar), host plant not indicated, July 1914.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Berlin: Museum fur Naturkunde der Humboldt Universitat zu Berlin, Germany; junior synonym (discovered by UnruhGu2008b, 96).
- Iceria seychellarum; Kawecki 1965a: 206. misspelling of genus name
Common Names
- common white mealybug MoutiaMa1946
- seychellarum mealybug AbdRabEv2021
- Cochenille farineuse des Seychelles KondoWa2022b
- cochinilla de las Seychelles KondoWa2022b
- ki-iro-watafuki-kaigaramushi KondoWa2022b
- Okada cottony-cushion scale KondoWa2022b
- Seychelles fluted scale KondoWa2022b
- silvery cushion scale KondoWa2022b
- yellow cottony cushion scale KondoWa2022b
Ecological Associates
Hosts:
Families: 63 | Genera: 136
- Achariaceae
- Hydnocarpus | WilliaWa1990
- Amaranthaceae
- Achyranthes aspera | Beards1966
- Anacardiaceae
- Mangifera indica | KinjoNaHi1996 Newste1917b TangHa1995 WilliaWa1990
- Rhus | WilliaWa1990
- Semecarpus | WilliaWa1990
- Spondias dulcis | WilliaWa1990
- Annonaceae
- Annona | MilleHeCa2016
- Annona muricata | WilliaWa1990
- Annona reticulata | WilliaWa1990
- Annona squamosa | WilliaWa1990
- Monodora myristica | Newste1914
- Apocynaceae
- Alyxia stellata | WilliaWa1990
- Plumeria rubra | WilliaWa1990
- Araceae
- Alocasia | WilliaWa1990
- Anthurium andraeanum | WilliaWa1990
- Epipremnum aureum | WilliaWa1990
- Epipremnum pinnatum | WilliaWa1990
- Monstera deliciosa | WilliaWa1990
- Xanthosoma | WilliaWa1990
- Araliaceae
- Schefflera | WilliaWa1990
- Arecaceae
- Areca catechu | WilliaWa1990
- Arecaceae | Westwo1855
- Cocos nucifera | Beards1966 TangHa1995 WilliaWa1990
- Elaeis guineensis | WilliaWa1990
- Latania lontaroides | MilleHeCa2016 | (= Latania commersonii)
- Livistona chinensis | Mamet1952
- Phoenix | WilliaWa1990
- Asparagaceae
- Cordyline | WilliaWa1990
- Asteraceae
- Lactuca sativa | WilliaWa1990
- Zinnia | Reyne1957a
- Berberidaceae
- Nandina domestica | GiliomMi2019
- Bixaceae
- Bixa orellana | WilliaWa1990
- Boraginaceae
- Cordia | WilliaWa1990
- Brassicaceae
- Raphanus sativus | WilliaWa1990
- Burseraceae
- Canarium harveyi | WilliaWa1990
- Calophyllaceae
- Calophyllum inophyllum | WilliaWa1990
- Mammea americana | WilliaWa1990
- Cannabaceae
- Trema orientalis | MartinLa2011
- Caricaceae
- Carica papaya | MilleHeCa2016
- Casuarinaceae
- Casuarina | Green1908a
- Casuarina equisetifolia | Rao1951a WilliaWa1990
- Convolvulaceae
- Convolvulus | WilliaWa1990
- Ipomoea | WilliaWa1990
- Ipomoea batatas | WilliaWa1990
- Merremia peltata | WilliaWa1990
- Cycadaceae
- Cycas revoluta | Kuwana1922a Kuwana1931b
- Dioscoreaceae
- Dioscorea | WilliaWa1990
- Tacca leontopetaloides | WilliaWa1990
- Elaeocarpaceae
- Elaeocarpus tonganus | WilliaWa1990
- Euphorbiaceae
- Acalypha | Green1922
- Acalypha hispida | WilliaWa1990
- Acalypha wilkesiana | WilliaWa1990 WilliaWa1990
- Croton | Green1922
- Euphorbia heterophylla | WilliaWa1990
- Excoecaria agallocha | WilliaWa1990
- Macaranga aleuritoides | WilliaWa1990
- Macaranga harveyana | WilliaWa1990
- Fabaceae
- Acacia decurrens | Rao1951a
- Acacia spirorbis | WilliaWa1990
- Albizia | WilliaWa1990
- Bauhinia monandra | WilliaWa1990
- Caesalpinia pulcherrima | WilliaWa1990
- Cajanus cajan | WilliaWa1990
- Cassia | WilliaWa1990
- Castanospermum australe | Bedfor1965a GiliomMi2019
- Crotalaria | WilliaWa1990
- Derris | WilliaWa1990
- Derris elliptica | WilliaWa1990
- Erythrina | WilliaWa1990
- Erythrina variegata | WilliaWa1990
- Falcataria falcata | WilliaWa1990
- Gliricidia sepium | WilliaWa1990
- Inocarpus fagifer | WilliaWa1990
- Macroptilium atropurpureum | WilliaWa1990
- Mimosa pudica | WilliaWa1990
- Phaseolus | WilliaWa1990
- Vigna luteola | WilliaWa1990
- Fagaceae
- Quercus | Vayssi1926
- Gesneriaceae
- Cyrtandra | WilliaWa1990
- Goodeniaceae
- Scaevola floribunda | WilliaWa1990
- Scaevola sericea | WilliaWa1990
- Heliconiaceae
- Heliconia | WilliaWa1990
- Juglandaceae
- Juglans regia | AlJahdAlAl2020
- Lamiaceae
- Clerodendrum | WilliaWa1990
- Ocimum gratissimum | WilliaWa1990
- Premna | WilliaWa1990
- Tectona grandis | WilliaWa1990
- Lauraceae
- Cinnamomum camphora | MartinLa2011
- Cinnamomum verum | WilliaWa1990
- Litsea glutinosa | Morris1920
- Persea americana | GermaiLeRo2007 Mamet1978 WilliaWa1990
- Lecythidaceae
- Barringtonia asiatica | WilliaWa1990 WilliaWa1990
- Loranthaceae
- Loranthaceae | Vayssi1926
- Lythraceae
- Lagerstroemia | WilliaWa1990
- Pemphis acidula | WilliaWa1990
- Punica granatum | WilliaWa1990
- Magnoliaceae
- Magnolia | Rao1951a
- Malvaceae
- Ceiba pentandra | WilliaWa1990
- Gossypium barbadense | Mamet1978
- Hibiscus | WilliaWa1990
- Hibiscus rosa-sinensis | WilliaWa1990
- Pterospermum suberifolium | Green1922
- Meliaceae
- Dysoxylum mollissimum | WilliaWa1990
- Menispermaceae
- Cocculus | Green1922
- Moraceae
- Artocarpus | Morris1920 Newste1909 Rao1951a WilliaWa1990
- Artocarpus altilis | Takaha1942b WilliaWa1990
- Artocarpus heterophyllus | WilliaWa1990
- Broussonetia papyrifera | WilliaWa1990
- Ficus | Brain1915 WilliaWa1990
- Ficus elastica | WilliaWa1990
- Ficus glandifera | WilliaWa1990
- Ficus pumila | MilleHeCa2016
- Ficus scabra | WilliaWa1990
- Ficus tinctoria | WilliaWa1990
- Morus alba | WilliaWa1990
- Streblus asper | Morris1920
- Musaceae
- Musa | TangHa1995
- Musa paradisiaca | WilliaWa1990 Mamet1978
- Myricaceae
- Myrica rubra | Kuwana1922a
- Myrtaceae
- Acca sellowiana | WilliaWa1990
- Eugenia | Beards1966 WilliaWa1990
- Eugenia uniflora | WilliaWa1990
- Psidium guajava | Morris1920 WilliaWa1990
- Syzygium brackenridgei | WilliaWa1990
- Syzygium cumini | WilliaWa1990 Vayssi1926
- Syzygium jambos | MartinLa2011
- Syzygium madangense | WilliaWa1990
- Oleaceae
- Olea | Varshn1992
- Onagraceae
- Ludwigia octovalvis | WilliaWa1990
- Oxalidaceae
- Averrhoa carambola | MilleHeCa2016
- Passifloraceae
- Passiflora | WilliaWa1990
- Passiflora edulis | WilliaWa1990
- Phyllanthaceae
- Bridelia tomentosa | MartinLa2011
- Glochidion ramiflorum | WilliaWa1990
- Phyllanthus | Mamet1978
- Pinaceae
- Pinus caribaea | WilliaWa1990
- Piperaceae
- Piper | WilliaWa1990
- Piper majusculum | WilliaWa1990
- Piper nigrum | WilliaWa1990
- Poaceae
- Cymbopogon coloratus | WilliaWa1990
- Cynodon | Varshn1992
- Saccharum | TangHa1995
- Portulacaceae
- Portulaca | Mamet1959a
- Proteaceae
- Grevillea | Green1922
- Grevillea robusta | Rao1951a
- Macadamia tetraphylla | WilliaWa1990
- Rhamnaceae
- Alphitonia zizyphoides | WilliaWa1990
- Rosaceae
- Crataegus gracilior | Mamet1959a
- Fragaria | WilliaWa1990
- Malus | WilliaWa1990
- Malus domestica | MilleHeCa2016 | (= Pyrus malus)
- Malus prunifolia | Rao1951a
- Prunus persica | MilleHeCa2016
- Pyrus communis | Rao1951a
- Rosa | Brain1915 Rao1951a Reyne1957a
- Rosa chinensis | WilliaWa1990
- Rubus idaeus | WilliaWa1990
- Rubiaceae
- Coffea | Lever1945
- Coprosma | WilliaWa1990
- Guettarda speciosa | WilliaWa1990
- Ixora macrothyrsa | WilliaWa1990
- Rutaceae
- Citrus | Beards1966 Green1922 Kuwana1907 Kuwana1922a Rao1951a Reyne1957a
- Citrus aurantiifolia | Mamet1978
- Citrus aurantium | Mamet1978 WilliaWa1990 WilliaWa1990 WilliaWa1990
- Citrus limon | WilliaWa1990
- Citrus maxima | Morris1920 Newste1909 WilliaWa1990 Morris1920
- Citrus reticulata | WilliaWa1990
- Citrus sinensis | MilleHeCa2016
- Citrus trifoliata | WilliaWa1990
- Santalaceae
- Santalum austrocaledonicum | MilleHeCa2016
- Sapindaceae
- Dodonaea viscosa | MesbahMoMo2012 Rao1951a
- Litchi chinensis | GermaiLeRo2007 GroveScDe2014 Mamet1959a WilliaWa1990
- Sapotaceae
- Chrysophyllum cainito | WilliaWa1990
- Manilkara | WilliaWa1990
- Solanaceae
- Capsicum frutescens | WilliaWa1990
- Solanum nigrum | WilliaWa1990
- Vitaceae
- Vitis vinifera | WilliaWa1990
- Zingiberaceae
- Zingiber zerumbet | WilliaWa1990
Foes:
Families: 7 | Genera: 10
- Aphelinidae
- Euryischia indica | Noyes2004
- Clavicipitaceae
- Beauveria bassiana | ElkhatMoEl2021
- Metarhizium anisopliae | ElkhatMoEl2021
- Coccinellidae
- Novius | Mamet1978 PuttarCh1957
- Novius amabilis | Pooran2023
- Novius cardinalis | Bartle1978c CABI2022 | (= Rodolia cardinalis)
- Novius chermisinia | CABI2022
- Novius fumidus | PooranAnTh2024
- Novius limbatus | CABI2022
- Novius pumila | Beards1955
- Novius pumilus | Pooran2023
- Novius sexmaculatus | Pooran2023
- Novius sexnotatus | Pooran2023
- Cryptochetidae
- Cryptochetum | Cadahi1984
- Cryptochetum grandicorne | CABI2022
- Cryptochetum iceryae | Bartle1978c
- Cryptochetum monophlebi | CABI2022
- Encyrtidae
- Eulophidae
- Aprostocetus pauliani | Noyes2004
- Pteromalidae
Associates:
Families: 2 | Genera: 6
- Anaplasmataceae
- Wolbachia | SanaeiAlYe2022
- Formicidae
- Cataulacus brevisetosus | GithaeOnNd2020
- Crematogaster castanea | GithaeOnNd2020
- Crematogaster sjostedti | GithaeOnNd2020
- Oecophylla longinoda | GithaeOnNd2020
- Pheidole | GithaeOnNd2020
- Technomyrmex | Thaman2018
- Technomyrmex albipes | GithaeOnNd2020
Geographic Distribution
Countries: 69
- Agalega Islands | Mamet1943a Mamet1978
- American Samoa | CABI2022
- Andaman Islands | CABI1955
- Australia
- New South Wales | CABI2022
- Northern Territory | UnruhGu2008
- Queensland | UnruhGu2008
- Bangladesh | Varshn1992
- Botswana | CABI2022
- Brunei | CABI2022
- Burma (=Myanmar) | Varshn1992
- Canary Islands | PellizPo2017
- China
- Fujian (=Fukien) | TangHa1995
- Guangdong (=Kwangtung) | TangHa1995
- Hebei (=Hopei) | CABI2022
- Xianggang (=Hong Kong) | CABI1955 UnruhGu2008
- Colombia | CABI2022
- Comoros | UnruhGu2008
- Cook Islands | WilliaWa1990
- Corsica | GermaiLeRo2007
- Dominica | CABI2022
- Egypt | AbdRab2000 MesbahMoMo2012
- Ethiopia | DeLott1959
- Federated States of Micronesia
- Caroline Islands | Beards1966
- Yap | Beards1966
- Fiji | HodgsoLa2011 Lever1945 WilliaWa1990
- France | GermaiLeRo2007
- French Guiana | CABI2022
- French Polynesia | Cohic1956
- Guadeloupe | MatileEt2006
- Guiana | WilliaWa1990
- India | Green1908a
- Assam | Rao1951a
- Karnataka | Rao1951a
- Kerala | Rao1951a
- Madhya Pradesh | Varshn1992
- Maharashtra | Varshn1992
- Meghalaya | CABI2022
- Tamil Nadu | Rao1951a
- Uttar Pradesh | Varshn1992
- West Bengal | Rao1951a
- Indonesia
- Irian Jaya | WilliaWa1990
- Java | CABI1955
- Sumatra | CABI1955
- Israel | MendelPrRe2020
- Italy
- Sicily | LoVerdCeAl2020
- Japan | CABI1955 Kawai1980 Kuwana1907
- Kenya | CABI1955
- Kiribati | WilliaWa1990
- Laos | CABI2022
- Madagascar | CABI1955 Mamet1951 Newste1908 Newste1909 Vayssi1926
- Madeira Islands | FrancoRuMa2011
- Malawi | Newste1914
- Malaysia | CABI1955 CABI2022
- Sarawak | CABI2022
- Martinique | CABI2022
- Mauritius | Mamet1943a
- Mozambique | CABI2022
- Nauru | CABI2022
- Nepal | CABI2022
- New Caledonia | Cohic1956 WilliaWa1990
- New Zealand | KondoWa2022b
- Nicobar Islands | KondoWa2022b
- Niue | WilliaWa1990
- Oman | AlJahdAlAl2020
- Pakistan | CABI1955
- Palau | Beards1966
- Papua New Guinea | Reyne1957a WilliaWa1990
- Philippines
- Luzon | CABI1955 Cocker1905f Morris1920
- Portugal | CABI2022
- Reunion | GermaiMiPa2014 Mamet1952
- Rodriques Island | Mamet1943a
- Ryukyu Islands (=Nansei Shoto) | KinjoNaHi1996 Kuwana1931b
- Senegal | CABI2022
- Seychelles | Mamet1943a Vayssi1926 Westwo1855
- Aldabra Island | WilliaMa2009b
- Solomon Islands | WilliaWa1990
- South Africa | Bedfor1965a BrainKe1917
- Sri Lanka | CABI1955 Green1922
- Taiwan | CABI1955
- Tanzania | CABI2022
- Thailand | Takaha1942b UnruhGu2008
- Tonga | CABI1955
- Tuvalu | WilliaWa1990
- Uganda | CABI1955 Gowdey1917 Newste1914 Newste1917b
- Vanuatu (=New Hebrides) | WilliaWa1990
- Western Samoa | WilliaWa1990 | CABI2022 | KondoWa2022b
- Yemen | FoldiVa2004
- Zanzibar | CABI2022
Keys
- Watson2022: pp.334 ( Adult (F) ) [Icerya in continental Africa]
- JoshiNaVe2021: pp.209 ( Adult (F) ) [Icerya in India]
- Gavril2018: pp.179-180 ( Adult (F) ) [Species of Icerya]
- KondoGuPo2012: pp.7-Jun ( Adult (F) ) [Key to the adult females of South American iceryine species (modified from Kondo and Unruh 2009)]
- UesatoKoUn2011: pp.49 ( Adult (F) ) [Icerya species in Japan]
- KondoUn2009: pp.94-95 ( Adult (F) ) [Crypticerya species of South America]
- UnruhGu2008b: pp.72-73 ( Adult (F) ) [Species of Icerya]
- TangHa1995: pp.155-156, 615-616 ( Adult (F) ) [Asia]
- WilliaWa1990: pp.21 ( Adult (F) ) [Tropical South Pacific]
- Rao1951a: pp.156 ( Adult (F) ) [South East Asia]
- Morris1928: pp.208-211 ( Adult (F) ) [Species of Icerya]
- RileyHo1890b: pp.106 ( Immature (F) Immature (M) ) [Palearctic]
Remarks
- Structure: The adult female may be easily recognised by the appearance of the white, mealy wax covering, which is arranged in about 26 distinctive tufts around the margin, an inner concentric row of approximately the same number, and a median longitudinal row of about five tufts.The waxy tufts are tinged with yellow and there is also a fringe of long, fine wax threads around the body margin. (Giliomee & Millar, 2019) Colour illustration of adult female by Green (1922). Colour photograph of adult female by Kawai (1980).
- Biology: Bedford (1965a) reported on unsuccessful attempts to control this pest in South Africa with the predatory fly Cryptochaetum monophlebi Skuse, introduced from Mauritius and Madagascar.
- Economic Importance: Moutia & Mamet (1946) considered it as a major pest of orchard and ornamental plants in Mauritius despite the presence of coccinellid predators and in certain areas of Egypt it has become economically important on mango, apple and grape vines. (Giliomee & Millar, 2019) This is a common pest on various host plants in parts of Asia, several Pacific islands, Japan and Africa. This species has been reported from Fiji as a pest of guava and citrus (Citrus spp.) and Rosa sp. It has also been reported killing citrus trees in Vanautu. Icerya seychellarum may produce copious amounts of honeydew that serve as a medium for sooty molds that grow on the leaves, reducing plant respiration and photosynthesis. (Kondo, et al., 2016) Giliomee & Millar (2019) conclude that I. seychellarum has the potential to be of economic importance on several crop plants in South Africa and elsewhere, but appears to be under good biological control in most cases. Where biological control is not effective, the presence and selective removal (e.g. by baits or sticky barriers) of associated ants from scale insect populations should be investigated.
- General Remarks: Description and illustration of adult female by Westwood (1855), Guerin-Meneville (1867), Green (1896, 1922), Kuwana (1907, 1922a), Brain (1915), Vayssiere (1926), Morrison (1928), Rao (1951a), Williams & Watson (1990), Morales (1991) and by Unruh & Gullan (2008). Description of adult female by Newstead (1908, 1909) and by Unruh & Gullan (2008b). Illustration by permission of the author.
Illustrations
Citations
- AbdRabEv2021: distribution, host, 40
- AbouEl2001: distribution, host, 185-189
- AlJahdAlAl2020: diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration,
- AwadalBaEl2023: biological control, natural enemies,
- Bartle1978c: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 135
- Beards1966: distribution, host, taxonomy, 400-401
- Bedfor1965a: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 155-165
- BenDov2005a: catalog, distribution, economic importance, host, taxonomy, 219-224
- Box1953: biological control, distribution, host, 53
- Brain1915: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 174-175
- BrainKe1917: distribution, 181
- CABI1955: distribution, 1-2
- CABI2022: diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy,
- Cadahi1984: biological control, 181
- CaveRe1996: distribution, economic importance, host, 7, 14
- CharmoGe1921: distribution, host, 185,188,189
- Cocher1972: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 89-104
- Cocker1898x: taxonomy, 259
- Cocker1902q: distribution, taxonomy, 257
- Cocker1905f: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 128
- DeLott1959: distribution, taxonomy, 153
- DelpouFeDe2013: biological control, economic importance, illustration, natural enemies,
- ElkhatMoEl2021: entomopathogenic fungi, 4
- EzzatNa1987: distribution, 88
- Fernal1903b: 27
- Figuer1946: distribution, host, 216
- Foldi1998: catalog, 426
- Foldi2001a: taxonomy, 204
- FoldiGe2018: distribution, 11
- FoldiVa2004: distribution, host, 80
- FrancoRuMa2011: distribution, 17,25
- Gavril2018: taxonomy, 13,27,176,180
- Gentry1965: distribution, economic importance, host,
- GermaiLeRo2007: distribution, host, 472
- GermaiMiPa2014: distribution, 24
- Ghesqu1943: biological control, distribution, 400
- GiliomMi2019: distribution, economic importance, host, illustration,
- GithaeOnNd2020: ant association,
- GithaeOnNd2021: distribution, host, 81
- GouldHiNe1983: distribution, ecology, host, life history, 247-254
- Gowdey1917: distribution, host, 187
- Greath1971: biological control, distribution, host,
- Green1896: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 7
- Green1908a: distribution, host, taxonomy, 18
- Green1922: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 440-441
- Green1937: catalog, distribution, host, 281
- GroveDe2017: distribution, host, 300
- GroveDeDa2013: distribution, host, 378
- GroveScDe2014: distribution, host, 413
- Guerin1867: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 451
- Hill1980: distribution, ecology, host, life history, 345-352
- HodgsoLa2011: distribution, host, 27
- JoshiNaVe2021: distribution, host, illustration, key, 201, 207, 209
- Kawai1972: distribution, host, 3
- Kawai1980: distribution, host, taxonomy, 88
- Kaweck1965a: structure, taxonomy, 205-211
- KinjoNaHi1996: distribution, host, 125-127
- KondoGu2022: economic importance, 4
- KondoGuPo2012: taxonomy, 6-7
- KondoKa1995a: distribution, host, 97-98
- KondoRaPe2016: distribution, host, natural enemies, 192
- KondoUn2009: taxonomy, 94-95
- KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 22
- KondoWa2022b: control, diagnosis, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, taxonomy, 100-101
- Kuwana1907: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 178-179
- Kuwana1922a: biological control, description, distribution, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 30-39
- Kuwana1927: distribution, host, 70
- Kuwana1931b: distribution, host, 164
- Lepesm1947: distribution, host, 267
- Lever1945: distribution, host, 41-44
- Lindin1912b: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 300-301
- Lindin1935: taxonomy, 135-136
- Lindin1955a: taxonomy, 346
- LoVerdCeAl2020: control, diagnosis, distribution, economic importance, illustration,
- Mamet1943a: distribution, host, 143-144
- Mamet1949: catalog, 4-5
- Mamet1951: distribution, host, 215
- Mamet1952: distribution, host, 170
- Mamet1954: distribution, host, 6
- Mamet1959a: distribution, host, 371
- Mamet1978: distribution, host, 105
- Mangou2008a: chemical control, distribution, host, 295-296
- MartinLa2011: catalog, distribution, host, 46
- Maskel1893b: taxonomy, 247
- Maskel1896b: taxonomy, 406
- Maskel1897: taxonomy, 329
- MatileEt2006: distribution, host, 175
- McClur1983c: distribution, ecology, host, life history, 125-153
- MendelPrRe2020: distribution,
- MesbahMoMo2012: distribution, ecology, host, life history, 27-31
- Meurge2011: distribution, 81
- MilleHeCa2016: distribution, economic importance, host, natural enemies, 146
- MohammGh2008: distribution, 154
- MoharuBa2015: distribution, host, 104
- Morale1991: distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 58, 120
- Morris1928: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 203-209,222-226
- MorrisMo1923: taxonomy, 44
- MoutiaMa1946: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 462-463
- NegmAsEl2001: chemical control, distribution, host, 453-461
- Newste1908: description, distribution, taxonomy, 9-10
- Newste1909: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 354-355
- Newste1914: distribution, host, taxonomy, 302
- Newste1917a: taxonomy, 6
- Newste1917b: distribution, host, 126
- Noyes2004: biological control,
- OberemGaUs2023: economic importance, 5
- PellizPo2017: distribution, 107
- Pooran2023: illustration, natural enemies, 5, 8, 16, 37
- PooranAnTh2024: economic importance, host, illustration, natural enemies, 531, 534
- PuttarCh1953a: biological control, 87-95
- PuttarCh1957: biological control, distribution, host, 7
- Rao1951a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 135-137
- Reyne1957a: distribution, host, 124
- RileyHo1890b: distribution, host, taxonomy, 105
- RobertSe1989: distribution, ecology, host, life history, 332-334
- SalemElAb2006: distribution, ecology, host, life history, physiology,
- SanaeiAlYe2022: Wolbachia, 6,7
- SayedDu2019: entomopathogenic fungi,
- SchmutKlLu1957: distribution, economic importance, host, 424
- Shiau1990: taxonomy, 1-129
- Shirak1912: distribution, economic importance, host,
- Signor1869: catalog, taxonomy, 872
- Signor1869a: distribution, economic importance, host, 90, 94
- Signor1876: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 352-353
- Takaha1942b: distribution, host, 6
- Tang2001: distribution, 3
- TangHa1995: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 155-156,164-165,565
- Targio1869: taxonomy, 30
- Thaman2018: ant association, distribution, illustration, 2
- UesatoKoUn2011: taxonomy, 49
- UnruhGu2008: description, distribution, host, illustration, molecular data, phylogeny, taxonomy, 8-50
- Varshn1992: distribution, host, 15-16
- Vayssi1926: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 320,340-342
- VeaGr2015: phylogeny, 62
- VeaGr2016: evolution, 4
- VeseyF1941: biological control, distribution, host, 161
- WadhiBa1964: distribution, economic importance, host, 227-260
- WaltonKrSa2009: distribution, economic importance, host, 1-6
- Waterh1997: distribution, economic importance, host, 156-171
- Watson2021: distribution, 525
- Watson2022: distribution, illustration, key, morphology, ,318,322,334,336
- Westwo1855: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 836
- Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 243
- WilliaBe2009: catalog, taxonomy, 42
- WilliaGuEn2006: distribution, host, 269
- WilliaMa2009b: distribution, host, 119
- WilliaWa1990: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 24-28
- WongChCh1999: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 4,42
- Yang1982: distribution, host, 30
- ZarkanApTu2021: distribution, host, 175
